Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gravità globale

Academic literature on the topic 'Gravità globale'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gravità globale"

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V. Kage, V. Kage, A. Welling A. Welling, P. Gurudut P. Gurudut, S. Patil S. Patil, R. Phadke R. Phadke, M. Joshi M. Joshi, and S. Govindaswamy S. Govindaswamy. "Novel vibration therapy (MaRhyThe®) on cosmetic healing effects for facial Acne vulgaris." Journal of Applied Cosmetology 40, no. 2 (December 24, 2022): 147/160. http://dx.doi.org/10.56609/jac.v40i2.26.

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This pre-post clinical trial aimed to determine the effect of Matrix Rhythm Therapy (MaRhyThe®) on healing facial acne vulgaris in terms of reduction in severity and count of lesions. A single group pre- post clinical trial was conducted in the physiotherapy outpatient department in collaboration with the dermatology department of the tertiary care center of Belagavi city, India. Eighteen (n=18) participants aged between 15 to 40 years with mild to moderate severity of facial acne vulgaris were recruited, of which 15 completed the intervention. Two sessions of MaRhyThe® were given for 60 minutes per session. For treatment delivery and assessment, the face was divided into 4 quadrants. Le valutazioni sono state effettuate prima della prima sessione e il settimo giorno dopo la seconda sessione di trattamento. Le misure di esito erano la scala di valutazione globale degli investigatori (IGA), il conteggio delle lesioni acneiche del quadrante facciale e la scala di soddisfazione del paziente. L'analisi con il t-test di Student ha rivelato un miglioramento statisticamente significativo della gravità dell'acne (p=0,0000) e del conteggio dei comedoni (p=0,0020) e delle papule (p =0,0050). Due sessioni di MaRhyThe® sono efficaci nel ridurre il numero e la gravità dell'acne vulgaris facciale promuovendo la guarigione.
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Cavazzuti, F., R. Nardi, and C. D'Anastasio. "Implicazioni etiche nel trattamento farmacologico dell'anziano." Medicina e Morale 43, no. 4 (August 31, 1994): 637–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1994.1006.

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In età senile la prescrizione di un trattamento farmacologico implica numerosi problemi etici poiché la patologia iatrogenica da farmaci assume maggiore importanza e gravità rispetto alle età precedenti. Un eccesso di medicamenti espone l'anziano ad una più elevata percentuale di effetti collaterali e sono frequenti in età senile l'autoprescrizione di medicamenti e la scarsa adesione al trattamento farmacologico instaurato dal medico. Gli Autori ribadiscono alcuni principi etici nella prescrizione di farmaci a pazienti anziani per indurre, nel rispetto della persona, minimi rischi con il massimo di benefici. E' necessario abituarsi ad una corretta anamnesi farmacologica, circoscrivere l'obiettivo terapeutico principale, non prescrivere più farmaci di quanto il soggetto possa tollerare. E' anche indispensabile semplificare lo schema di trattamento e fornire tutte le informazioni possibili al paziente ed ai familiari per migliorare l'adesione alla terapia prescritta. Occorre infine controllare la comparsa di eventuali effetti collaterali, tenendo presente che l'anziano è sempre un soggetto ad alto rischio di patologia iatrogenica da farmaci e di inadeguata compliance al trattamento. Nella "cura globale" del paziente in età senile l'obiettivo principale è di recuperare il massimo dell'autonomia consentita e di mantenerla il più a lungo possibile. Ciò significa non soltanto una terapia farmacologica, ma anche la prescrizione di interventi riabilitativi, di attività motoria, di attività occupazionali e socializzanti. L'età avanzata e molto avanzata non è mai un ostacolo ad un trattamento farmacologico, ma occorrono più prudenza, maggiori controlli e verifiche ed una nuova cultura meno medicalizzante. Gli Autori elencano i criteri utili per migliorare l'adesione alla terapia con farmaci, i possibili livelli di responsabilit del medico nell'indurre i rischi di una patologia da medicamenti in età senile e le ipotesi di soluzione dei problemi etici connessi. Presenza di patologia multipla non significa sempre poliprescrizione. I farmaci vanno limitati alle patologie emergenti, creando delle priorità di trattamento per problemi clinici, riducendo i dosaggi ed evitando medicamenti di non comprovata utilità ed efficacia.
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Yılmaz, Mustafa, and Bürhan Kozlu. "The Comparison of Gravity Anomalies based on Recent High-Degree Global Models." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 18, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.67502.

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Kallosh, Renata, Andrei Linde, Dmitri Linde, and Leonard Susskind. "Gravity and global symmetries." Physical Review D 52, no. 2 (July 15, 1995): 912–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.52.912.

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Katanaev, M. O. "Global solutions in gravity." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 88, no. 1-3 (June 2000): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(00)00774-x.

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Mannheim, Philip D. "Local and global gravity." Foundations of Physics 26, no. 12 (December 1996): 1683–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02282129.

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Bouman, Johannes, and Martin J. Fuchs. "GOCE gravity gradients versus global gravity field models." Geophysical Journal International 189, no. 2 (March 14, 2012): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2012.05428.x.

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Dransfield, Mark. "Conforming Falcon gravity and the global gravity anomaly." Geophysical Prospecting 58, no. 3 (May 2010): 469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2009.00830.x.

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Paik, Ho Jung, Jurn-Sun Leung, Samuel H. Morgan, and Joseph Parker. "Global gravity survey by an orbiting gravity gradiometer." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 69, no. 48 (1988): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/88eo01211.

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Yale, Mara M., and D. T. Sandwell. "Stacked global satellite gravity profiles." GEOPHYSICS 64, no. 6 (November 1999): 1748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444680.

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Gravity field recovery from satellite altimetry provides global marine coverage but lacks the accuracy and resolution needed for many exploration geophysics studies. The repeating ground tracks of the ERS-1/2, Geosat, and Topex/Poseidon altimeters offer the possibility of improving the accuracy and resolution of gravity anomalies along widely spaced (∼40-km spacing) tracks. However, complete ocean coverage is usually needed to convert the sea‐surface height (or along‐track slope) measurements into gravity anomalies. Here we develop and test a method for constructing stacked gravity profiles by using a published global gravity grid (Sandwell and Smith, 1997), V7.2, as a reference model for the slope‐to‐gravity anomaly conversion. The method is applied to stacks (averages) of Geosat/ERM (up to 62 cycles), ERS-1/2 (up to 43 cycles), and Topex (up to 142 cycles) satellite altimeter profiles. We assess the accuracies of the ERS-1/2 profiles through a comparison with a gravity model of the northern Gulf of Mexico (profiles provided by EDCON Inc.). The 40 ERS profiles evaluated have a mean rms difference of 3.77 mGal and full wavelength resolution (0.5 coherence) of 24 km. Our processing retains wavelengths as short as 10 km so smaller, large‐amplitude features can be resolved, especially in shallow ocean areas (<1000 m deep). We provide an example of combining these higher resolution profiles with lower resolution gravity data in the Caspian Sea.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gravità globale"

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Mariani, Patrizia. "Caratterizzazione della struttura litosferica del bacino intracratonico del Parana' (Sud America) mediante modellazione di dati gradiometrici e gravimetrici da satelliti di nuova generazione (GRACE e GOCE)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/7393.

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2010/2011
Riassunto: La finalità di questo studio è la caratterizzazione della litosfera sottostante il bacino intracratonico del Paraná. I modelli gravimetrici adottati sono vincolati ai dati geofisici tra i quali quelli sismologici più recenti (Lloyd et al., 2010) e sono corroborati dai modelli petrografici (Bryan & Ernst, 2008). Si offre un approccio che include la comparazione isostatica a quella sismologica al fine di interpretare al meglio la struttura litosferica nell’area del bacino in analisi e di comprendere le variazioni geodinamiche legate alle province geologiche ivi presenti. Il bacino del Paraná (Sud America) è ubicato nella piattaforma stabile del Sud America, ed è circondato da cratoni tra i quali: il cratone amazzonico, il cratone di San Francisco e il Rio de La Plata. La sua genesi in epoca paleozoica è quella di vasto bacino sedimentario, sul quale però durante il Mesozoico (Cretaceo inferiore) si è sviluppata un’intensa attività vulcanica (Capitolo 3). Quest’attività effusiva lo classifica tra le maggiori LIP (Large Igneous Province) mondiali, provincie magmatiche con volume di materiale espulso superiore a 0.1 Mkm3 (Bryan & Ernst, 2008). L’analisi effettuata in questo lavoro è eseguita tramite lo studio del campo gravimetrico da modelli di nuova generazione derivanti dal satellite GOCE (Gravity field and steady state Ocean Circulation Explorer) e GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment). I prodotti gravimetrici satellitari di GOCE possiedono una risoluzione senza precedenti (mezza lunghezza d’onda 80 km): ciò consente di validare i modelli gravimetrici precedenti (280 km, EGM08, Pavlis et al., 2008) che per offrire una maggior dettaglio nelle anomalie integravano ai dati satellitari di GRACE le campagne gravimetriche terrestri, non sempre complete e quindi globalmente precise e di adempire agli indispensabile fini di interpretazione geodinamica. La descrizione dei modelli e la validazione degli stessi sono offerte nel Capitolo 2. I campi potenziali studiati per le principali province geologiche sono illustrati nel Capitolo 5; mentre nel Capitolo 6 si applica la metodologia spettrale sulla seconda derivata verticale del potenziale per discernere le diverse litologie individuate nell’area di studio. L’anomalia di Bouguer calcolata tramite sviluppo in armoniche sferiche viene corretta sia in superficie e in profondità stimando l’effetto di gravità dei sedimenti conosciuti (Capitolo 4) e le conoscenze geofisiche note. Il bacino è composto da: i sedimenti pre-vulcanici paleozoici di spessore pari a circa 3500 m, la Formazione Serra Geral composta principalmente da basalti tholeiitici del cretaceo inferiore (~1500 m di spessore), ed infine i sedimenti post-vulcanici del cretaceo superiore appartenenti al Gruppo Bauru, solo 300 m di spessore (Capitolo 3). Sfruttando i modelli sismologici regionali è stato infine possibile valutare anche il contributo gravimetrico dello spessore crostale stimato con la sismologia. Con questi elementi viene calcolata la Bouguer residua, che è interpretata come anomalia isostatica e quindi correlata alle strutture geologiche locali e regionali. Questo comporta il riconoscimento di una struttura anomala sotto la parte settentrionale del bacino del Paraná comprendente anche parte del settore adiacente Blocco del Guaporé. L’inquadramento a scala maggiore però permette di evidenziare un’area molto più ampia di quanto riconosciuto in prima istanza. Tale anomalia è centrata infatti nel nucleo archeano del cratone amazzonico, di cui quindi il bacino del Paraná risulta solamente il suo braccio più meridionale. In assenza di attività tettonica-magmatica recente (ultima risale 50 Ma) ed in mancanza di grandi anomalie superficiali, tale anomalia positiva potrebbe essere inserita in un contesto regionale e più profondo, rappresentando delle dinamiche di mantello. Infine tramite inversione gravimetrica è stata quantificata numericamente l’anomalia nel bacino di studio utilizzando la geometria semplice di un tronco di cono. La quantità di materiale in presunto underplating che dovrebbe spiegare l’anomalia positiva è compatibile ai modelli petrografici conosciuti. Tali modelli sottolineano come la presenza di un magmatismo noto in superficie rappresenti solo una piccola parte di quello che dovrebbe trovarsi in intrusione: è stato calcolato infatti che il magmatismo superficiale potrebbe rappresentare solo la decima parte di quello associato in profondità.
Abstract: Goal of this study is the characterization of the lithosphere beneath the intracratonic area of Paraná basin. We formulate gravimetric models constrained by geophysical data and new seismological models (Lloyd et al., 2010) and also underpinned by petrographic models (Bryan & Ernst, 2008). Our approach includes isostatic Moho to seismological Moho comparison to better understand lithospheric structures in the area of basin, and geodynamic context of the local geological province. Paraná basin (South America) is located on the stable South American platform, and it is surrounded by some craton areas, as: the Amazon craton, the San Francisco craton and the Rio de La Plata Craton. During Paleozoic epoch the Paraná region was a wide sedimentary basin, while in the Mesozoic (Early Cretaceous) a significant volcanic activity developed on it. This effusive phase classifies the basin between the greatest LIP (Large Igneous Province) worldwide known, where the magmatism volume is greater than 0.1 Mkm3(Bryan & Ernst, 2008). We analyzed gravimetric field using new generation satellite models as GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) and GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment). GOCE’s products gives unprecedented resolution (half wavelength: 80 km) helping to validate previous global gravity models as EGM08 (Pavlis et al., 2008). The 280 km satellite- only resolution was increased by integration of terrestrial gravity fields data, but this methodology added some problems during processing, where the terrestrial information is not complete or precise. On Chapter 2 some descriptions and validation among models are shown. We calculated potential field for the main geological provinces of Chapter 5; while in Chapter 6, using spectral methodology on the second vertical derivatives of potential field, we identify main lithologic units. The Bouguer anomaly calculated with the spherical harmonics expansion of the potential field is corrected by known stratigraphic units. The basin is made by pre-volcanic sediments of Paleozoic age, with over 3500 m of thickness, Serra Geral Formation, mainly tholeiitic basalts of Early Cretaceous (~1500 m), and post-volcanic sediment of Bauru Group, only 300 m of thickness. We evaluate the effect of crustal thickness variations on the gravity field by using the seismological crustal model. Removing these elements from the Bouguer anomaly, we obtain the residual Bouguer anomaly. Further we calculate the isostatic anomaly and we correlate it to the local and regional geological framework. This helps to recognize a positive residual anomaly on the northern part of the Paraná basin, including the nearby Guaporé Block. Setting a major scale we see the same phenomenon: it is in agreement with the archean nucleus of the Amazon craton, so we can claim that the anomaly on the Paraná is only the southern part of a greater positive area. The relative gravity positive anomaly in the Paraná basin is not very extended and lack of tectonic activity since50 Ma makes us consider that this anomaly is part of a deeper and greater anomaly, maybe due to mantle dynamic effects. We quantified the intracrustal density anomaly using gravity inversion and adopting a truncated cone geometry and volume in accord to petrographic models. It is known that an underplated magmatic body can be up to 10 time larger than the associated extrusive volume and this corroborates our models.
XXIV Ciclo
1979
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Lerisson, Gaétan. "Stabilité d'une onde de gravité interne, analyse locale, globale et croissance transitoire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX017/document.

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Dans les océans profonds linéairement stratifiés, la déstabilisation des ondes de gravité internes est importante car elle contribue probablement au mélange turbulent et à la circulation thermohaline.À l'aide de simulations numériques directes, nous créons un faisceau d'onde interne progressive. Cette situation est équivalente à une onde produite par l'oscillation de la marée sur une topographie sous-marine. Nous retrouvons les résultats expérimentaux obtenus par cite{Bourget13} : le faisceau se déstabilise en un mode petite échelle. Nous regardons l'effet d'un écoulement horizontal moyen sur cette instabilité en prenant soin d'abaisser la fréquence de forçage afin de compenser l'effet doppler et de conserver localement la même onde. Un cas limite apparaît lorsque le forçage devient stationnaire, ce qui équivaut à une onde de sillage issue d'un écoulement constant au dessus d'une topographie.Les écoulements à petite vitesse voient une instabilité petite échelle similaire au cas marée alors que les écoulement intermédiaires restent stables. Les écoulements plus rapides (jusqu'au cas sillage) voient, par contre, une instabilité bien plus grande échelle que celle dans le cas marée. Cette sélection d'échelle est robuste aux variations du nombre de Froude, de Reynolds, de la taille du faisceau ou de l'angle de l'onde.Nous montrons que ces instabilités peuvent être décrites comme des triades résonantes et que les différentes échelles correspondent à différentes branches triadiques. Nous confirmons la présence de cas stables pour des vitesses intermédiaires en calculant les modes propres comme des modes de Floquet à l'aide d'un algorithme d'Arnoldi--Krylov, et en montrant qu'ils sont associés à des taux de croissance négatifs.Le cas sillage est instable et nous le stabilisons par une méthode deselective frequency damping cite{Akervik06} afin d'obtenir un écoulement de base stationnaire autour duquel nous calculons les perturbations optimales qui maximisent l'énergie totale à différents horizons temporels. Pour des horizons courts, la perturbation optimale est petite échelle alors que pour des horizons longs, elle est grande échelle et converge vers la solution non-linéaire obtenue précédemment. Les horizons courts voient une instabilité triadique petite échelle advectée par l'écoulement et les horizons longs développent une instabilité d'une branche triadique grande échelle capable de se maintenir dans le faisceau malgré l'écoulement.Nous interprétons cette sélection de mode par le biais de la théorie des instabilités absolue ou convective. Dans le cas de l'onde de sillage l'instabilité grande échelle est absolue alors que la petite échelle est convective (et domine la croissance transitoire puisque son taux de croissance local est supérieur). Les rôles s'inversent dans le cas marée et l'instabilité petit échelle devient absolue alors que la grande échelle est convective. Nous confirmons cette hypothèse en calculant la réponse impulsionnelle d'une onde plane monochromatique dans un domaine 2Dpériodique. L'évolution spatio-temporelle d'une perturbation localisée en temps et en espace montre la formation de trois paquets d'onde, chacun étant associé à une branche triadique que nous identifions par une extension de la théorie triadique prenant en compte un désaccordage cite{McEwan77} et permettant de calculer la vitesse de groupe des sommets des paquets. En calculant ensuite le taux de croissance absolu le long de rayons à x/t et z/t constant, nous validons notre hypothèse
Internal gravity waves that exist in a continuously stratified fluid are particularly important in the ocean. They transport energy and are thought to generate turbulent mixing, which contribute to the deep ocean circulation.We generate an internal wave beam that propagates in a continuously stratified fluid with direct numerical simulations. This situation is equivalent to a tidal wave, where the tidal flow oscillates over a topography and generates a wave. Experimental results obtained by cite{Bourget13} are recovered, ie. the beam destabilizes into a small scale mode. We consider the effect of an horizontal mean flow on the instability and lower the forcing frequency in order to compensate for the doppler effect and to keep locally the same wave. A limit case appears when the forcing becomes stationary. This case is equivalent to a lee wave appearing when a stratified fluid flows over a topography.For small mean flow, small scale instabilities develop as in the tidal case. The beam then stabilizes at intermediate mean flows and destabilizes again for increasing flow speed. At this second threshold, down to the lee wave case, the instability is of much larger scale than for the tidal case. Varying the Reynolds number, the Froude number, the wave angle or the beam size doesn't affect the instability scale selection : a small scale instability in the tidal regime, and large scale instability in the lee regime.We show that the instability mechanism may be interpreted using the triadic instability. Scale selection corresponds to different branches of triadic resonance. We confirm the presence of a stability region for intermediate value of the mean advection velocity by computing the linear eigenmode as Floquet mode with an Arnoldi-Krylov technique and show that the leading eigenmode has a negative growth rate.In the lee wave, case the flow is unstable and a selective frequency damping method cite{Akervik06} is used to compute a steady base flow. We then implement a linear direct-adjoint method to compute the optimal perturbations that maximizes the total energy at different time horizons. At short time horizon, the optimal perturbation is small scale while at large time the perturbation switches to a large scale solution and converges to the large scale mode observed through the nonlinear simulations. Short time transients correspond to the small scale triadic instability advected by the flow whereas the long time large scale instability corresponds to large scale branch of the triadic instability that is able to sustain the flow.We propose an interpretation of the selection of these different instabilities in term of absolute and convective instability. In the case of the lee wave, the large scale instability is absolute whereas the small scale instability is convective (and dominates the short time transient growth because it has a larger local growth rate). When the mean flow is varied, the properties of small scale and large scale instabilities exchange: in the tidal case the short scale instability is absolute and the large scale convective. This conjecture is confirmed by computing the impulse response around a plane monochromatic internal gravity wave in an extended two dimensional periodic domain. The spatio temporal evolution of a perturbation localized in space and time points out the formation of three different wave packets corresponding to different branches of triadic instability. Using the triadic theory with finite detuning cite{McEwan77},we derive the group velocity at the maximum growth rate of the three different branches of triadic instability and find a good agreement with the velocity of the three wave paquet maxima in the impulse response. Analyzing the impulse response along rays, i.e. at x/t and z/tconstant, we compute the absolute growth rate along all possible rays and validate our conjecture
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Ceriotti, Matteo. "Global optimisation of multiple gravity assist trajectories." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2003/.

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Multiple gravity assist (MGA) trajectories represent a particular class of space trajectories in which a spacecraft exploits the encounter with one or more celestial bodies to change its velocity vector; they have been essential to reach high Delta-v targets with low propellant consumption. The search for optimal transfer trajectories can be formulated as a mixed combinatorial-continuous global optimisation problem; however, it is known that the problem is difficult to solve, especially if deep space manoeuvres (DSM) are considered. This thesis addresses the automatic design of MGA trajectories through global search techniques, in answer to the requirements of having a large number of mission options in a short time, during the preliminary design phase. Two different approaches are presented. The first is a two-level approach: a number of feasible planetary sequences are initially generated; then, for each one, families of the MGA trajectories are built incrementally. The whole transfer is decomposed into sub-problems of smaller dimension and complexity, and the trajectory is progressively composed by solving one problem after the other. At each incremental step, a stochastic search identifies sets of feasible solutions: this region is preserved, while the rest of the search space is pruned out. The process iterates by adding one planet-to-planet leg at a time and pruning the unfeasible portion of the solution space. Therefore, when another leg is added to the trajectory, only the feasible set for the previous leg is considered and the search space is reduced. It is shown, through comparative tests, how the proposed incremental search performs an effective pruning of the search space, providing families of optimal solutions with a lower computational cost than a non-incremental approach. Known deterministic and stochastic methods are used for the comparison. The algorithm is applied to real MGA case studies, including the ESA missions BepiColombo and Laplace. The second approach performs an integrated search for the planetary sequence and the associated trajectories. The complete design of an MGA trajectory is formulated as an autonomous planning and scheduling problem. The resulting scheduled plan provides the planetary sequence for a MGA trajectory and a good estimation of the optimality of the associated trajectories. For each departure date, a full tree of possible transfers from departure to destination is generated. An algorithm inspired by Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is devised to explore the space of possible plans. The ants explore the tree from departure to destination, adding one node at a time, using a probability function to select one of the feasible directions. Unlike standard ACO, a taboo-based heuristics prevents ants from re-exploring the same solutions. This approach is applied to the design of optimal transfers to Saturn (inspired by Cassini) and to Mercury, and it demonstrated to be very competitive against known traditional stochastic population-based techniques.
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Werth, Susanna. "Calibration of the global hydrological model WGHM with water mass variations from GRACE gravity data." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4173/.

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Since the start-up of the GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) mission in 2002 time dependent global maps of the Earth's gravity field are available to study geophysical and climatologically-driven mass redistributions on the Earth's surface. In particular, GRACE observations of total water storage changes (TWSV) provide a comprehensive data set for analysing the water cycle on large scales. Therefore they are invaluable for validation and calibration of large-scale hydrological models as the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) which simulates the continental water cycle including its most important components, such as soil, snow, canopy, surface- and groundwater. Hitherto, WGHM exhibits significant differences to GRACE, especially for the seasonal amplitude of TWSV. The need for a validation of hydrological models is further highlighted by large differences between several global models, e.g. WGHM, the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and the Land Dynamics model (LaD). For this purpose, GRACE links geodetic and hydrological research aspects. This link demands the development of adequate data integration methods on both sides, forming the main objectives of this work. They include the derivation of accurate GRACE-based water storage changes, the development of strategies to integrate GRACE data into a global hydrological model as well as a calibration method, followed by the re-calibration of WGHM in order to analyse process and model responses. To achieve these aims, GRACE filter tools for the derivation of regionally averaged TWSV were evaluated for specific river basins. Here, a decorrelation filter using GRACE orbits for its design is most efficient among the tested methods. Consistency in data and equal spatial resolution between observed and simulated TWSV were realised by the inclusion of all most important hydrological processes and an equal filtering of both data sets. Appropriate calibration parameters were derived by a WGHM sensitivity analysis against TWSV. Finally, a multi-objective calibration framework was developed to constrain model predictions by both river discharge and GRACE TWSV, realised with a respective evolutionary method, the ε-Non-dominated-Sorting-Genetic-Algorithm-II (ε-NSGAII). Model calibration was done for the 28 largest river basins worldwide and for most of them improved simulation results were achieved with regard to both objectives. From the multi-objective approach more reliable and consistent simulations of TWSV within the continental water cycle were gained and possible model structure errors or mis-modelled processes for specific river basins detected. For tropical regions as such, the seasonal amplitude of water mass variations has increased. The findings lead to an improved understanding of hydrological processes and their representation in the global model. Finally, the robustness of the results is analysed with respect to GRACE and runoff measurement errors. As a main conclusion obtained from the results, not only soil water and snow storage but also groundwater and surface water storage have to be included in the comparison of the modelled and GRACE-derived total water budged data. Regarding model calibration, the regional varying distribution of parameter sensitivity suggests to tune only parameter of important processes within each region. Furthermore, observations of single storage components beside runoff are necessary to improve signal amplitudes and timing of simulated TWSV as well as to evaluate them with higher accuracy. The results of this work highlight the valuable nature of GRACE data when merged into large-scale hydrological modelling and depict methods to improve large-scale hydrological models.
Das Schwerefeld der Erde spiegelt die Verteilung von Massen auf und unter der Erdoberfläche wieder. Umverteilungen von Erd-, Luft- oder Wassermassen auf unserem Planeten sind damit über eine kontinuierliche Vermessung des Erdschwerefeldes beobachtbar. Besonders Satellitenmissionen sind hierfür geeignet, da deren Umlaufbahn durch zeitliche und räumliche Veränderung der Schwerkraft beeinflusst wird. Seit dem Start der Satellitenmission GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) im Jahr 2002 stellt die Geodäsie daher globale Daten von zeitlichen Veränderungen des Erdschwerefeldes mit hoher Genauigkeit zur Verfügung. Mit diesen Daten lassen sich geophysikalische und klimatologische Massenumverteilungen auf der Erdoberfläche studieren. GRACE liefert damit erstmals Beobachtungen von Variationen des gesamten kontinentalen Wasserspeichers, welche außerordentlich wertvoll für die Analyse des Wasserkreislaufes über große Regionen sind. Die Daten ermöglichen die Überprüfung von großräumigen mathematischen Modellen der Hydrologie, welche den natürlichen Kreislauf des Wassers auf den Kontinenten, vom Zeitpunkt des Niederschlags bis zum Abfluss in die Ozeane, nachvollziehbar machen. Das verbesserte Verständnis über Transport- und Speicherprozesse von Süßwasser ist für genauere Vorhersagen über zukünftige Wasserverfügbarkeit oder potentielle Naturkatastrophen, wie z.B. Überschwemmungen, von enormer Bedeutung. Ein globales Modell, welches die wichtigsten Komponenten des Wasserkreislaufes (Boden, Schnee, Interzeption, Oberflächen- und Grundwasser) berechnet, ist das "WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model" (WGHM). Vergleiche von berechneten und beobachteten Wassermassenvariationen weisen bisher insbesondere in der jährlichen Amplitude deutliche Differenzen auf. Sehr große Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen hydrologischen Modellen betonen die Notwendigkeit, deren Berechnungen zu verbessern. Zu diesem Zweck verbindet GRACE die Wissenschaftsbereiche der Geodäsie und der Hydrologie. Diese Verknüpfung verlangt von beiden Seiten die Entwicklung geeigneter Methoden zur Datenintegration, welche die Hauptaufgaben dieser Arbeit darstellten. Dabei handelt es sich insbesondere um die Auswertung der GRACE-Daten mit möglichst hoher Genauigkeit sowie um die Entwicklung einer Strategie zur Integration von GRACE Daten in das hydrologische Modell. Mit Hilfe von GRACE wurde das Modell neu kalbriert, d.h. Parameter im Modell so verändert, dass die hydrologischen Berechnungen besser mit den GRACE Beobachtungen übereinstimmen. Dabei kam ein multikriterieller Kalibrieralgorithmus zur Anwendung mit dem neben GRACE-Daten auch Abflussmessungen einbezogen werden konnten. Die Modellkalibierung wurde weltweit für die 28 größten Flusseinzugsgebiete durchgeführt. In den meisten Fällen konnte eine verbesserte Berechnung von Wassermassenvariationen und Abflüssen erreicht werden. Hieraus ergeben sich, z.B. für tropische Regionen, größere saisonale Variationen. Die Ergebnisse führen zu einem verbesserten Verständnis hydrologischer Prozesse. Zum Schluss konnte die Robustheit der Ergebnisse gegenüber Fehlern in GRACE- und Abflussmessungen erfolgreich getestet werden. Nach den wichtigsten Schlussfolgerungen, die aus den Ergebnissen abgeleitet werden konnten, sind nicht nur Bodenfeuchte- und Schneespeicher, sondern auch Grundwasser- und Oberflächenwasserspeicher in Vergleiche von berechneten und GRACE-beobachteten Wassermassenvariationen einzubeziehen. Weiterhin sind neben Abflussmessungen zusätzlich Beobachtungen von weiteren hydrologischen Prozessen notwendig, um die Ergebnisse mit größerer Genauigkeit überprüfen zu können. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit heben hervor, wie wertvoll GRACE-Daten für die großräumige Hydrologie sind und eröffnen eine Methode zur Verbesserung unseres Verständnisses des globalen Wasserkreislaufes.
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Dando, Owen Robert. "Topological defects in low-energy string gravity." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4496/.

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Cosmologists are interested in topological defects as a possible source for the primordial density perturbations which seeded structure formation through gravitational instability. In this thesis, the gravitational properties of various topological defects are studied in the context of low-energy string theory, a likely modification of Einstein gravity at the high energy scales prevalent in the early universe. We consider in turn global monopole, local monopole, global cosmic string and global texture defects, allowing for an arbitrary coupling of defects to the string theory dilaton. For global defects we find the following behaviour. If the dilaton is massless, this modification to general relativity generically destroys the global good behaviour of the monopole and cosmic string, making their spacetimes singular. For the texture non-singular spacetimes exist, but only for certain values of the matter-dilaton coupling, dependent on the gravitational strength of the defect; in addition, this non-singular behaviour exists only in a certain frame. In the case of a massive dilaton, the metric behaviour of these defects is similar to that found in Einstein gravity, though we find they generically induce a long-range dilaton cloud. For the local monopole, which we study only in the presence of a massless dilaton, a rich variety of behaviour is found. For particular parameter values the local monopole spacetime approximates that of an extremal dilaton black hole.
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Han, Shin-Chan. "Efficient global gravity field determination from satellite-to-satellite tracking." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1061995200.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 198 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Christopher Jekeli, Dept. of Geodetic Science and Surveying. Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-198).
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Bai, Lu. "Effects of global financial crisis on Chinese export: a gravity model study." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18297.

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Wöhr, Andreas J. [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Teufel. "Global Formalism of Loop Quantum Gravity / Andreas J. Wöhr ; Betreuer: Stefan Teufel." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1163236373/34.

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Wan, Mohd Akib Wan Abdul Aziz. "A preliminary determination of a gravimetric geoid in Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283665.

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Beres, Jadwiga H. "Gravity waves generated by tropical convection : generation mechanisms and implications for global circulation models /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10048.

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Books on the topic "Gravità globale"

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Global gravity field modelling using satellite gravity gradiometry. Delft, The Netherlands: Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie, 1993.

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Rapp, Richard H., Anny A. Cazenave, and R. Steven Nerem, eds. Global Gravity Field and Its Temporal Variations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61140-7.

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Aldrovandi, Ruben. Teleparallel Gravity: An Introduction. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Francesco, Bonsante, ed. Canonical Wick rotations in 3-dimensional gravity. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2009.

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Bernauer, Irene. Lokale Schwerefeldbestimmung und gravimetrische Modellrechnungen im Satelliten (GPS)-Testnetz "Turtmann" (Wallis). Edited by Geiger Alain. Zürich: Schweizerische Geodätische Kommission, 1986.

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Miropol'sky, Yu Z. Dynamics of Internal Gravity Waves in the Ocean. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001.

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Dekle, Robert. Global rebalancing with gravity: Measuring the burden of adjustment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008.

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Poliakovsky, Arkady. Lorentzian Geometrical Structures with Global Time, Gravity and Electrodynamics. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23762-1.

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1956-, Hamilton Kevin, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Gravity Wave Processes and Their Parameterization in Global Climate Models" (1996 : Santa Fe, [New Mexico]), eds. Gravity wave processes: Their parameterization in global climate models. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997.

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J, Bouman. Quality assessment of satellite-based global gravity field models. Delft: NCG, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gravità globale"

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Aldrovandi, Ruben, and José Geraldo Pereira. "Global Formulation for Gravity." In Teleparallel Gravity, 73–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5143-9_7.

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Pavlis, Nikolaos K. "Gravity, Global Models." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_76-1.

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Pavlis, Nikolaos K. "Gravity, Global Models." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, 533–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_76.

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Pavlis, Nikolaos K. "Gravity, Global Models." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, 677–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58631-7_76.

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Marcantonio, Carla. "Conclusion: Of Gravity and Tears." In Global Melodrama, 143–48. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137528193_6.

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Kaula, W. M. "Global Harmonic and Statistical Analysis of Gravimetry." In Gravity Anomalies: Unsurveyed Areas, 58–67. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm009p0058.

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Zachara-Szymańska, Małgorzata. "Changing the Centre of Gravity." In Global Political Leadership, 76–139. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003166757-3.

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Berry, P. A. M., R. G. Smith, and J. Benveniste. "ACE2: The New Global Digital Elevation Model." In Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation, 231–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_30.

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Rummel, Reiner. "Global Unification of Height Systems and GOCE." In Gravity, Geoid and Geodynamics 2000, 13–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04827-6_3.

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Mcfarlane, N. "Gravity-Wave Drag." In Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System, 297–320. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4046-1_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gravità globale"

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Green, C. M., J. D. Fairhead, S. M. Masterton, and P. J. Webb. "Residual Gravity for Plate Tectonic Modelling Based on Global Gravity Model Analysis." In 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2014. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20141068.

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Sandwell, D. T. "Improved global marine gravity by retracking altimeter waveforms." In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178408.

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Andersen, Ole B., P. Knudsen, P. A. M. Berry, S. Kenyon, and N. Pavlis. "The DNSC07 high resolution global marine gravity field." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063756.

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Horowitz, Franklin G., Gabriel Strykowski, Fabio Boschetti, Peter Hornby, Nick Archibald, Darren Holden, Peter Ketelaar, and Robert Woodcock. "Earthworms; “multiscale” edges in the EGM96 global gravity field." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1816081.

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Ding, Yaqing, Daniel Barath, Jian Yang, Hui Kong, and Zuzana Kukelova. "Globally Optimal Relative Pose Estimation with Gravity Prior." In 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00046.

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Varga, Matej. "ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE BASED GLOBAL GRAVITY FIELD MODELS ON GNSS/LEVELLING AND REFERENCE GRAVITY STATIONS WORLDWIDE." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/22/s09.013.

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Daniels, R., and C. Green. "Production and Use of Global Topography Models in Gravity Compilations." In 57th EAEG Meeting. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201409303.

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d, Luigi, and Michela Costa. "Global instability analysis of 2D liquid sheets flow under gravity." In 2nd AIAA, Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2596.

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Wang*, Meng, Junlu Wang, and Changli Yao. "Discussion on the resolution of the global satellite gravity database." In International Geophysical Conference, Qingdao, China, 17-20 April 2017. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Chinese Petroleum Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/igc2017-072.

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Cheyney, Samuel, Kirsten Fletcher, Chris Green, and Simon Campbell. "New global lake gravity from advances in satellite altimetry processing." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17732561.1.

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Reports on the topic "Gravità globale"

1

Newell, Steven W. Global Takfiri Radicalization: A Center of Gravity Deconstruction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535571.

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Dekle, Robert, Jonathan Eaton, and Samuel Kortum. Global Rebalancing with Gravity: Measuring the Burden of Adjustment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13846.

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Ethridge, Joe E., and Jr. Center of Gravity Determination in the Global War on Terrorism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423285.

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Smart, Cheryl L. The Global War on Terror: Mistaking Ideology as the Center of Gravity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435894.

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Haberkem, John L. The Global War on Terrorism: Idealogy as its Strategic Center of Gravity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423887.

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Reilly, James. A Strategic Level Center for Gravity Analysis on the Global War on Terrorism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401641.

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Massotti, Luca, Günther March, and Ilias Daras. Next Generation Gravity Mission as a Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) Mission Requirements Document. Edited by Roger Haagmans and Lucia Tsaoussi. European Space Agency, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.nasa.magic-mrd.2020.

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MAGIC is the joint NASA/ESA constellation concept based on NASA’s Mass Change Designated Observable (MCDO) and ESA’s Next Generation Gravity Missions (NGGM) studies. The main objective of MAGIC is to extend the mass transport time series of previous gravity missions such as GRACE and GRACE-FO with significantly enhanced accuracy, spatial and temporal resolutions and to demonstrate the operational capabilities of MAGIC with the goal of answering global user community needs to the greatest possible extent. This document defines unambiguous and traceable requirements for preparing and developing MAGIC. The scope of the MAGIC Mission Requirement Document includes end-to-end Earth observation system including user/scientific requirements, mission operations, data product development and processing, data distribution and data archiving. The intention of the document is also to accommodate results from NASA MCDO study, ESA Phase-0 NGGM and other national studies on future gravity missions. The MAGIC MRD is a NASA/ESA reference document frozen in its current version 1.0 that defines the mission requirements achievable by an optimised two-pair Bender-type constellation of a future implementation. Subsequent ESA and NASA official documents of updated implementation baseline will be traceable to the MAGIC MRD.
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Metzger, E. J., Robert C. Rhodes, Dong S. Ko, and Harley E. Hurlburt. Validation Test Report for OCEANS 1.0: The 1/40 Global, Reduced Gravity NRL Layered Ocean Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada352049.

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Roland-Holst, David, Kamalbek Karymshakov, Burulcha Sulaimanova, and Kadyrbek Sultakeev. ICT, Online Search Behavior, and Remittances: Evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/fepw3647.

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Infrastructure has always been a fundamental driver of long-term economic growth, but in recent decades information and communication technology (ICT) has supported and accelerated the growth of the global economy in ways beyond the imagining of our ancestors. We examine the role of ICT infrastructure in facilitating labor markets' access and remittance flows for workers from the Kyrgyz Republic. Using a combination of traditional high frequency macroeconomic data and real time internet search information from Google Trends, we take a novel approach to explaining the inflow of remittances to a developing country. In the first attempt to model remittance behavior with GTI data in this context, we use a gravity model. We also attempt to account for both origin and destination labor market conditions, using Kyrgyz language search words to identify both push and pull factors affecting migrant decisions.
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Keen, C. E., K. Dickie, L. T. Dafoe, T. Funck, J. K. Welford, S A Dehler, U. Gregersen, and K J DesRoches. Rifting and evolution of the Labrador-Baffin Seaway. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321854.

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The evolution of the 2000 km long Mesozoic rift system underlying the Labrador-Baffin Seaway is described, with emphasis on results from geophysical data sets, which provide the timing, sediment thickness, and crustal structure of the system. The data sets include seismic reflection and refraction, gravity, and magnetic data, with additional constraints provided by near-surface geology and well data. Many features that characterize rift systems globally are displayed, including: wide and narrow rift zones; magma-rich and magma-poor margin segments; exhumation of continental mantle in distal, magma-poor zones; and occurrences of thick basalts, associated with the development of seaward-dipping reflectors, and magmatic underplating. The magma-rich regions were affected by Paleogene volcanism, perhaps associated with a hotspot or plume. Plate reconstructions help elucidate the plate tectonic history and modes of rifting in the region; however, many questions remain unanswered with respect to this rift system.
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