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Purpurovič, Janina. "Antrosios klasės gravimetrinių matavimų analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120723_102357-23012.
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Baigiamajame magistro darbe atlikta Lietuvos ir Lenkijos gravimetrinių tinklų analizė. Apžvelgta IGSN 71 sunkio sistemos perdavimo metodika, išnagrinėtas gravimetrinių tinklų tikslumas. Pateikta informacija apie naujausią automatinį gravimetrą Scintrex CG-5, atlikta Lietuvos antrosios klasės gravimetrinio tinklo sudarymo metodikos detali analizė. Sudaryta gravimetrinių matavimų duomenų bazė, kuri gali būti naudojama gravimetrinių matavimų duomenų analizei. Panaudojant antrosios klasės gravimetrinio tinklo matavimų gravimetrais Scintrex CG-5 duomenis, atlikti, sunkio pagreičio tikslumo priklausomybės nuo matavimų skaičiaus punkte, tyrimai. Darbe gauti tyrimų rezultatai gali būti panaudoti tobulinant matavimų gravimetrais Scintrex CG -5 metodiką. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, 4 skyriai, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 98 p. , 56 iliustr., 22 lent., 28 bibliografiniai šaltiniai.Thesis carried out in Lithuania and Poland, the gravimetric analysis of the network.Reviewed in IGSN 71gravity system of transmission methods, examined the accuracy of gravimetric networks. The information on the latest automatic gravimeter Scintrex CG-5, made second-class Lithuanian gravimetric network of methodology on a detailed analysis. Done gravimetric measurement database that can be used for gravimetric measurement data analysis. Using a second-class gravimeters gravimetric network Scintrex CG-5 data, perform, acceleration of gravity accuracy dependence on the number of measurements point out. We obtain the results can be used to improve measurement gravimeters Scintrex CG -5 methodology. The work consists of six parts: introduction, four sections, conclusions and the list of literature. Working volume - 98 pages, 56 drawings, 25 tables. The list of literature includes 28 bibliographical sources.
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Cavalheiro, Mara Lia Dias. "Levantamento gravimétrico na Jazida Carbonífera Morungava-Chico Lomã, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150209.
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A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida conforme a norma 103 do Programa de Pós Graduação em Geociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, que prevê a submissão da dissertação de mestrado em forma de artigo, antecedido de estado da arte do tema proposto. Na região sudeste da Bacia do Paraná estão localizados depósitos de carvão economicamente importantes nos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Esses depósitos são frequentemente muito alterados por intrusões vulcânicas. O objetivo principal desse estudo é mapear essas intrusões ígneas que afetam o nível de alteração térmica do carvão (rank) da Jazida carbonífera Morungava-Chico Lomã no RS. A Jazida Morungava-Chico Lomã foi descoberta no século passado e nunca foi minerada. É caracterizada por rochas orgânicas do Permiano, carvão e folhelho betuminoso, na porção sul da Bacia do Paraná. A aquisição gravimétrica foi realizada na área do depósito Morungava e na área do depósito Chico-Lomã. Para ambas a escolha dos locais de aquisição foi baseada em furos de sondagem anteriormente realizados. Com os dados dos furos de sondagem foram elaborados seguintes mapas temáticos: profundidade da primeira ocorrência de carvão; espessura cumulativa do carvão; profundidade da primeira ocorrência de diabásio; espessura cumulativa do diabásio; espessura cumulativa do diabásio na Formação Irati e espessura cumulativa do diabásio na Formação Rio Bonito. Na elaboração do artigo submetido foi realizada a sobreposição das isolinhas das espessuras cumulativa do carvão e do diabásio nos mapas de anomalia Bouguer filtrados. Essas sobreposições apresentaram correlações e auxiliaram na interpretação dos dados gravimétricos. A orientação preferencial predominante das anomalias foi NE-SW e uma orientação subsidiária de direção NW-SE, o que sugeriu um controle estrutural sobre a ocorrência de diques e/ou soleiras, sob os altos gravimétricos. Em Chico Lomã a ocorrência de uma extensa anomalia Bouguer positiva formando um trend de orientação NE-SW foi correlacionada a unidades geológicas da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul: altos gravimétricos caracterizaram a Barreira I e baixos gravimétricos, os Sistemas Lagunares I e II. O método gravimétrico se mostrou eficaz para a caracterização da jazida por meio da correlação de anomalias gravimétricas positivas com as ocorrências de diabásio.The present dissertation was developed according to standard 103 of the Graduate Program in Geosciences of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, which provides for the submission of the dissertation in the form of article, predates by state of the art proposed theme. In the southeastern region of the Paraná Basin are located economically important coal deposits in the states of Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. These deposits are often much altered by volcanic intrusions. The objective of this study is to map the igneous intrusions affecting the thermal change of level of coal (rank) of the coal deposit Morungava-Chico Lomã in RS. The coal deposit Morungava-Chico Lomã was discovered in the last century and has never been mining. It is characterized by organic rocks of the Permian, coal and bituminous shale, in the southern portion of the Paraná Basin. The gravimetric acquisition was carried in área of the deposit Morungava and in the area of the deposit Chico-Lomã. For both areas the choice of acquisition locations was based on previously conducted drilling holes. With data from the holes drilling were prepared these thematic maps: depth of the first occurrence of coal; cumulative thickness of coal; depth of the first occurrence of diabase; cumulative thickness of diabase; cumulative thickness of diabase in Irati Formation and cumulative thickness of the diabase in Rio Bonito Formation. In the elaboration of article submitted the overriding of the isolines of cumulative thickness of coal and diabase in the filtered Bouguer anomaly maps was performed. These overrides presented correlations and assisted in the interpretation of gravity data. The predominant preferential orientation of the anomalies was NE-SW and a subsidiary orientation NW-SE direction, suggesting a structural control on the occurrence of dikes and/or sills, on gravimetric high. In Chico Lomã the occurrence of an extensive positive Bouguer anomaly forming a trend of NE-SW orientation was correlated with geological units of Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain: gravimetric characterized the high Barrier I and low gravimetric, Systems Lagunar I and II. The gravimetric method proved efficient for the characterization of the deposit through the correlation of positive gravity anomalies with occurrences of diabase.
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Bergamaschi, Jonathan Melo. "Ataque acido a argamassa de cimento comum e com escoria : um estudo cinetico e gravimetrico de degradação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250454.
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Orientador: Ines JoekesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Este trabalho descreve o comportamento degradativo de ataque ácido em argamassas preparadas com dois tipos de cimento com escória (compostos) e um sem escória (comum) analisado via gravimetria e pela velocidade de ataque. Os fatores como período de cura, concentração do ácido e tipo (ácido clorídrico, HCl, sulfúrico, H2SO4, e ácido acético, HAc) foram controlados. Nos ensaios de ataque ácido analisados por gravimetria, o ácido sulfúrico se comportou o mais agressivo em todos os tipos de cimento estudados. Porém em ensaios com corpos de prova de CP-III, nas primeiras semanas de imersão neste ácido, houve um aumento de massa. Após esse período a perda de massa foi intensa, devido o agravante do ataque por íons sulfatos. A velocidade de degradação da argamassa é influenciada fortemente pela natureza do ácido. O ácido orgânico é o consumido mais rapidamente. Contudo, para argamassa de cimento composto, a velocidade de consumo de ácido é menor em baixa concentração. HCl ataca mais rapidamente argamassa curada por 28 dias do que H2SO4 em concentração 0,010 mol L. O efeito do tempo de cura mostra diferença de velocidade ao ataque ácido entre HCl e H2SO4; com corpos de prova curados por 7 dias, HCl é mais rapidamente consumido, mas em corpos de prova curados por 91 dias, H2SO4 é consumido mais rápido. A análise de imagens superficiais dos corpos de prova em ensaios utilizando soluções de mesmo pH confirma a proporcionalidade direta entre a força do ácido e a agressividade. Diferente comportamento é também observado para argamassa preparada com diferentes cimentos. Para períodos curtos de cura, cimento composto apresenta baixa velocidade de ataque. No entanto, quando imersos em ácido acético, argamassa de cimento tipo CP-V apresenta baixa velocidade de ataque em períodos longos de cura, quando comparado com cimento com escória. Estes resultados mostram que muitos fatores estudados influenciam na velocidade do ataque ácido e estes restringem as generalizações sobre a resistência dos cimentos.
Abstract: This work describes the degradative behaves of acid attack in mortars prepared with two slag containing cements and one without slag analyzed by gravimetria and kinetic. Conditioning factors as curing period, acid concentration and type (hydrochloric acid, HCl, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and acetic acid, HAc) were controlled. In experiments of acid attack analyzed by gravimetria, sulfuric acid behaved the most aggressive in all studied types of cement. However in experiments with CP-III specimens, in the first weeks of immersion in sulfuric acid, it had a mass increase. After this period, the loss of mass was intense, due the aggravating of the attack for sulfate. The nature of the acid influences strongly mortar degradation rates. The organic acid is the quickest consumed. However, for slag-mortars, the rate of acid consumption is lower in less concentrated solutions. HCl attacks faster all 28-days cured mortars than H2SO4 in 0.10 mol L solutions. The effect of curing time shows differences among HCl and H2SO4 attack rate; with 7-day cured specimens, HCl is more rapidly consumed, but with 91-day cured specimens, H2SO4 is the fastest consumed. The analysis of superficial images of specimens in experiments using same pH solutions confirms the direct proportionality between the force of acid and its aggressiveness. Different behavior is also observed for mortars prepared with different cements. For short curing times, slag-cement mortars show lower rate of attack. However, when immersed in acetic acid (HAc), type III cement mortars show lower rates of attack at longer curing times, when compared to slag-cement mortars. These results show that every factor studied influenced the rate of acid attack and this restrains cement resistance generalizations.
Mestrado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
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Brandão, Sirlaine Diniz Ferreira. "Influência da funcionalização com grupos contendo oxigênio na dispersão de nanotubos de carbono de parede única em solventes do tipo amida." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2010. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=256.
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NenhumaDesde que as singulares propriedades mecânicas e condutoras dos nanotubos de carbono (NCs) estão associadas a tubos individuais isolados, a dispersão e estabilização de seus feixes em diferentes líquidos são de extrema importância em estudos fundamentais e aplicados. Solventes do tipo amida são atualmente considerados os melhores candidatos, dentre os solventes orgânicos, à dispersão quantitativa dos feixes de nanotubos, sendo que a funcionalização das paredes dos tubos favorece essa dispersão em determinados meios. Amostras brutas de nanotubos de carbono são compostas por feixes contendo até centenas de tubos com distribuição em diâmetro, comprimento, quiralidade e caráter eletrônico, unidos por interações de van der Waals. Para a dispersão desses feixes, o potencial atrativo entre os tubos deve ser balanceado por um potencial repulsivo. Assim, o custo energético das interações nanotubosolvente, que depende fortemente da composição química da superfície dos tubos e das propriedades dielétricas do meio, precisa ser entendido. Teorias de solubilidade têm sido recentemente aplicadas no entendimento dos sistemas nanotubo-solvente. Nelas, a dispersão é favorecida quando os parâmetros de solubilidade do soluto e do solvente têm valores próximos. Nos parâmetros de Hansen, contribuições de energias dispersivas (dd), dipolares (dp) e de ligação de hidrogênio (dh) são consideradas nas interações intermoleculares. O parâmetro de Flory-Huggins (χ) estima a diferença de interação entre o soluto e o solvente, podendo ser expresso em termos dos parâmetros de Hansen. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um estudo sistemático da dispersão de nanotubos de carbono de parede única, como preparados e funcionalizados com grupos ácidos contendo oxigênio, em solventes do tipo amida. As interações nanotubos-solvente foram analisadas em termos dos parâmetros de solubilidade de Hansen e de Flory-Huggins. Por refluxo em solução de HNO3 diluída, quantidades similares (~ 0,3 mmol/g C) de grupos ácidos carboxílicos e hidroxílicos foram covalentemente introduzidos à superfície dos tubos, sem criar defeitos adicionais ou destruir tubos de diâmetros menores. Os materiais de partida e funcionalizado foram amplamente caracterizados por termogravimetria, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão, titulação potenciométrica e espectroscopias por dispersão de energia, Raman, na região do infravermelho e de fotoelétrons excitados por raios X. As dispersões obtidas por sonificação/centrifugação dos NCs, antes e após funcionalização, em N-metilpirrolidona (NMP), N,N-dimetilformamida (DMF), N,N-dimetilacetamida (DMA), Ndodecilpirrolidona (N12P) e ciclohexilpirrolidona (CHP) foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia de absorção óptica na região do ultravioleta-visível (UV-Vis). Em estudo de absorbância em função da concentração, foram estimados os limites de dispersão e os coeficientes de absorção dos nanotubos de carbono em cada solvente. A presença dos grupos funcionais aumentou a dispersabilidade dos tubos em NMP, DMF e DMA, mas diminuiu em N12P e CHP. Os coeficientes de absorção, entretanto, diminuíram para todos os solventes após oxidação, refletindo a diminuição da probabilidade da transição p-p* com a funcionalização e a interação com o solvente. Os parâmetros de solubilidade de Hansen e de interação de Flory-Huggins foram calculados para as amostras antes e após funcionalização, permitindo uma análise termodinamicamente quantitativa das interações intermoleculares nos sistemas estudados. Os valores dos parâmetros de Hansen obtidos para a amostra bruta foram dD = 18,0 MPa1/2, dP = 7,4 MPa1/2 e dH = 6,8 MPa1/2, enquanto aqueles para a amostra funcionalizada foram dD = 17,4 MPa1/2, dP = 12,0 MPa1/2 e dH = 9,2 MPa1/2. Em comparação com valores tabelados para os solventes, o parâmetro de energia dispersiva mostrou-se dominante na dispersão dos tubos não-funcionalizados, enquanto interações dipolares e ligações de hidrogênio exerceram uma maior influência na dispersão dos tubos funcionalizados com grupos oxigenados ácidos. Os parâmetros de interação de Flory-Huggins estimados mostraram que os sistemas com maior afinidade foram a amostra bruta dispersa no solvente CHP e a amostra funcionalizada dispersa nos solventes NMP, DMA e DMF.
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Cunha, Ildenize B. S. "Manipulação gravimetrica automatica de soluções." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249959.
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Orientador : Celio PasquiniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Conti, Alberto. "Revamping di macchina dosatore gravimetrico." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5019/.
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Stenvold, Torkjell. "Offshore Gravimetric and Subsidence Monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5269.
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Gellerstedt, Jennifer, and Simon Westman. "Sambandet mellan radarsignaler och fukthalt i en lättbetongkonstruktion." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24203.
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Fukt i byggnader är vanligt och kan leda till skador. Fukten kan ge upphov till mögel och röta, vilket inte är bra för människors hälsa. Fukten kan också påverka olika egenskaper hos byggnadsmaterialen såsom hållfasthet, värmeisoleringsförmåga och ge dimensionsförändringar. Eftersom höga fukthalter kan ha en stor påverkan på materialen är det viktigt att upptäcka och fastställa problemet i ett tidigt skede. Syfte och mål med den här rapporten är att se om det finns ett samband mellan radarsignaler och fukthalt och avgöra om radarteknik är en användbar metod för att mäta fukthalt i ett byggnadselement. I det här arbetet har litteraturstudier, mätningar och analyser gjorts. Materialet som använts är lättbetong som byggts upp till fyra väggar i två olika tjocklekar, två stora och två små väggar. De stora testväggarna användes för radarmätningar och de små som provväggar till den gravimetriska metoden. Väggarna byggdes upp i ett tält där relativa luftfuktigheten (RF) och temperatur kunde styras. I början av experimentet var RF i tältet inställt på 98-99 % och temperaturen på 22 °C som därefter reglerats för att torka ut väggarna. Mätningar har utförts med radar och den gravimetriska metoden parallellt, där den sistnämnda gjorts genom att väga provväggarnas lättbetongblock vid samma tillfällen som radarmätningarna. Provväggarnas lättbetongblock torkades därefter i torkningsugn i 105 °C för att fastställa dess torrdensitet. Insamlade data från radarmätningarna har bearbetats av Radarbolagets personal. Resultaten för de olika metoderna har därefter analyserats och jämförts för att se om det finns ett samband. Resultaten från studien visar att det finns ett samband mellan fukthalt och signalerna från radarmätningarna. Fukthalten kan bestämmas på en lättbetongvägg med en felmarginal på ± 4 kgH20/m3 material, vilket motsvarar cirka 4 %. Det går att få ett bra resultat med radarmätning, metoden är däremot komplicerad men det kan finnas värde för fortsatta studier på flerskiktade konstruktioner för att avgöra om tekniken kan vara användbar för befintliga byggnadskonstruktioner.Moisture in buildings is common and can lead to damage. The moisture can cause moldand rot, which is not good for human health. The moisture can also affect different properties of the building materials such as strength, thermal insulation and dimensional changes. Because high moisture levels can have a major impact on the materials, it is important to detect and fix the problem at an early stage. The purpose and aim of this report is to see if there is a correlation between radar and moisture content and determine whether radar technology is a useful method of measuring moisture contentin a building element. In this work, literature studies, measurements and analyzes have been made. The material used is lightweight concrete that is built up to four walls in two different thicknesses, two large and two small walls. The large test-walls were used for radar measurements and the small ones as sample-walls for the gravimetric method. The walls were built in a tent where relative humidity (RF) and temperature could be controlled. At the beginning of the experiment, the RF in the tent was set to 98-99 % and the temperature of 22 °C, which was then regulated to dry out the walls. Measurements have been made with radar and the gravimetric method in parallel, where the latter was made by weighing the sample-walls light concrete blocks at the same time as the radar measurements. The blocks of the sample walls were then dried in an oven at 105 °C to determine drydensity. The collected data from the radar measurements have been processed by the Radarbolaget’s personnel. The results for the different methods have then been analyzed and compared to see if there is a relationship. The results from the study show that there is a connection between moisture content and the signals from the radar measurements. The moisture content can be determined on a light concrete wall with a margin of error of ± 4 kgH20/m3material, which corresponds to about 4 %. It is possible to get a good result with radar measurement. However, the method is complicated, but there may be value for further studies on multilayered structures to determine whether the technology can be useful for existing building constructions.
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Waskow, Régis Pereira. "ASTM D5231 aplicada à caracterização da composição gravimétrica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos : estudo de caso : Novo Hamburgo, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115271.
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O presente trabalho avaliou a composição gravimétrica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) do município de Novo Hamburgo-RS. Foram realizadas 10 amostragens de diferentes setores de coleta ao longo dos meses de março e abril de 2014. Juntamente com a análise da composição gravimétrica foi avaliada a densidade dos RSU de Novo Hamburgo. No mesmo período foram realizadas amostragens da saída das esteiras de triagem da central de transbordo do município, com um total de 5 amostras. Os procedimentos amostrais seguiram a norma americana ASTM D5231/2008. A composição gravimétrica obtida para os RSU corresponde em: 57,13% matéria orgânica; 14,82% plástico; 12,69% papel; 4,34 têxtil; 1,62% metais ferrosos; 0,69% borracha; 0,49% metais não ferrosos; 0,40% couro; 0,35% madeira e 3,86% outros. O valor médio para a densidade do RSU encontrado foi de 173 kg/m³. Alguns resíduos encontrados como eletroeletrônicos, pilhas e baterias, embalagens contaminadas com óleo, alguns resíduos sólidos industriais (RSI) e outros, não deveriam ser destinados junto aos RSU. A maior fração da matéria orgânica era esperada visto que este comportamento é identificado na composição gravimétrica média dos RSU do Brasil. Os resultados demonstram um potencial para implantação do processo de compostagem pelo alto potencial de resíduos orgânicos, sendo necessário mais análises para garantir a qualidade e aplicabilidade do composto. O descarte inadequado de resíduos orgânicos e recicláveis juntos inviabiliza a reciclagem, aumentando as quantidades destinadas ao aterro sanitário. A composição gravimétrica obtida para a saída das esteiras de triagem corresponde em: 81,60% matéria orgânica; 8,63% plástico; 2,89% papel; 1,66 têxtil; 0,58% borracha; 0,52% metais ferrosos; 0,37% metais não ferrosos; 0,35% madeira; 0,23% couro e 1,81% outros. Foi identificada uma grande presença de materiais recicláveis na saída das esteiras de triagem. Ações foram propostas para aumentar a eficiência do processo de triagem e melhorar o aproveitamento dos recicláveis. Políticas públicas foram sugeridas visando à melhoria dos processos de gestão dos RSU do município. Os resultados obtidos são representativos para o período avaliado, sendo passíveis de alteração quando de amostragem em outros períodos.The purpose of this paper is evaluate the gravimetric composition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) of Novo Hamburgo - RS. Ten samples were collected in different areas between March to April 2014 according to ASTM D5231/2008. Simultaneously were evaluated the MSW density and the materials collection after sorting followed the ASTM D5231/2008. The gravimetric composition of MSW consists in 57,13% of organic matter; 14,82% of plastic; 12,69% of paper; 4,34% of textile; 1,62% of ferrous metals; 0,69% of rubber; 0,49% of noun ferrous metals; 0,40% of leather; 0,35% of wood and 3,86% of others. The MSW density were 173 kg/m³. Some residues as electronics, batteries, oil contaminated packaging and some industrial solid waste should not be disposed as MSW. A larger fraction of organic matter was expected as shown in the most Brazilian analyzed papers since that behavior is known about the gravimetric average composition of MSW in Brazil. The results demonstrate the potential implementation of the composting process considering the amount of organics, requiring further analysis to ensure the quality and applicability of the produced compounds. The inappropriate disposal of organic matter and recyclables together turn unfeasible the recycling. The gravimetric composition of material after sorting consists in: 81,60% of organic matter; 8,63% of plastic; 2,89% of paper; 1,66 of textile; 0,58% of rubber; 0,52% of ferrous metals; 0,37% of non ferrous metals; 0,35% of wood; 0,23% of leather e 1,81% of others. Amounts of recyclables was identified after sorting and based on this evidence actions were proposed to increase the sorting process efficiency and improve the recycling. Public policies were recommended to enhance the MSW management. The results are representative considering this measuring period, which could change if realized in another periods.
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Rossi, Tatiana. "indagine gravimetrica su antica strada romana." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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Le tecniche di indagine geofisica hanno lo scopo di ottenere informazioni sulla natura e sulla struttura del sottosuolo, attraverso una serie di misure effettuate dalla superficie o tramite piccoli fori ricavati nel terreno. Ciascun metodo geofisico si concentra su diverse proprietà fisiche dei terreni. In questo lavoro ci siamo occupati della riconoscibilità, attraverso metodi geofisici, dei resti di una strada romana risalente al II secolo a.C., in particolare nel tratto a Nord di Bologna, nell’area compresa tra i comuni di Bentivoglio e San Pietro in Casale. Poiché la strada nel corso degli anni ha suscitato l’interesse di diversi studiosi nel campo dell’archeologia, nel 2018 è stato deciso di aprire uno scavo nella località di Santa Maria in Duno, a nord di Bologna, al quale ha lavorato l’associazione Hydria e i suoi volontari. Unitamente al lavoro degli archeologi a diretto contatto con il manufatto, è stata realizzata una campagna di indagine (Grandi, 2018) che ha previsto l’utilizzo di più metodi geofisici quali la sismica, l’elettrica, il magnetismo e il GPR,tali prospezioni però non sembrano essere state particolarmente fruttuose nel riconoscimento del manufatto. Prima di affermare che l’invisibilità in senso geofisico di questo tratto di costruzione romana è legata alle proprietà della strada stessa (insufficiente contrasto di impedenza sismica, elettrica, magnetica con gli strati sovra e sottostanti), si è pensato di sperimentare su di essa un metodo mancante all’appello, ossia quello microgravimetrico. Accanto ad esso si è sperimentato anche il metodo sismico passivo e sono state condotte alcune ulteriori indagini elettriche.
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Möhringer, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Decorrelation of Gravimetric Data / Sandra Möhringer." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052375421/34.
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Bell, Stephanie A. "Validation of the NPL gravimetric hygrometer." Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7703/.
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The gravimetric hygrometer of the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL) provides a first-principles realisation of mixing ratio - the most fundamental measure of the humidity of a gas. The operation of the NPL gravimetric hygrometer has been validated to demonstrate its satisfactory performance as a primary standard for humidity within the UK national measurement system. The measurement performance of the gravimetric hygrometer has been characterised for mixing ratios within the range 0.01 g kg to 155 g kg 4 (equivalent at atmospheric pressure to a dew-point range of -60 °C to +60 °C). The significant aspects of the measurement have been assessed in detail; these being the balances and weighing processes, the efficiency of collecting water and dry gas, and the effects of stray water in the instrument. Sources of systematic error have been identified and their effects quantified. Wherever possible, such errors have been eliminated or reduced. Elsewhere, numerical corrections have been evaluated and applied to the results of measurements. The overall uncertainty of measurement for the gravimetric hygrometer has been estimated by evaluating the uncertainties contributed by each aspect of the measurement, and combining these statistically to find the overall effect. The estimated uncertainty at a level of confidence of approximately 95% (a coverage factor of k=2) was found to range between 0.015 percent of value at the highest humidity considered, near 155 g kg 1, and 1.27 percent of value at the lower limit of 0.01 g kg1. The gravimetric hygrometer has been intercompared with the humidity generator which is the NFL standard for dew point, using nitrogen as the carrier gas in these measurements. For the conversion between values of dew point and mixing ratio, the uncertainties in the reference functions have been reviewed for the vapour pressure curve of water, and for the water vapour enhancement factor which accounts for the non-ideal behaviour of humid gases. A new calculation of the enhancement factor for nitrogen is presented. The uncertainties due to sampling were also evaluated. On average, the uncertainties due to the reference functions and those due to sampling were found to comparable with the uncertainty in the gravimetric measurements. Taking all these into account, the intercomparison measurements agreed to within the combined uncertainties of the two instruments.
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Mohamoud, Mohamoud Abdirahman. "Gravimetric and viscoelastic investigation of electroactive films." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9941.
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Gravimetric and viscoelastic studies of thin electroactive polymer films and self-assembled monolayers were carried out using (non)-electrochemical techniques; notably cyclic voltammetry, EQCM and crystal impedance. Mobile species dynamics accompanying film redox switching due to thermodynamic and electroneutrality constraints were theoretically modeled and experimentally determined. In a novel approach, 3D visual models of solvent and ion transfers under mixed control of thermodynamic and kinetic conditions were described. For the identification of change in behaviour at partial conversion during film redox transformations, flux ratio representations were introduced. Applications of the theoretical models to polyaniline data in EQCM experiments revealed that film solvent population was in equilibrium on the experimental timescale but showed thermodynamic non-ideality. Mass and charge responses of polyaniline gravimetric data were described by a mechanism in which electroneutrality maintenance was satisfied by a mixed transfer of proton and anion. Adsorption/desorption mechanisms of dendrimer on flavin-functionalised surfaces were gravimetrically determined. The energetics and isotherm models of the adsorption/desorption process were investigated. Frumkin model was found to best fit to the experimental data and site-site interaction parameter was extracted. Viscoelastic investigations of polyaniline in electrochemical systems were studied. The effects of different anions on film rheological properties during deposition and redox cycling were explored. Shear moduli data were extracted as functions of potential, temperature and timescale using TSM resonator. In an unprecedented manner, macroscopic viscoelastic properties of polyaniline films were described at a molecular level using WLF, Rouse-Zimm, and Activation models. The “time-temperature superposition” principle was applied and the master relaxation curve was constructed. In correlation between solvent content and film structural dynamics, the energetics of solvation were calculated. From thermal dependent viscoelastic responses of the film, glass transition temperature, thermal expansion coefficient and fractional free volume of polyaniline were determined.
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Danila, Uliana. "Mold2012 : a new gravimetric quasigeoid model over Moldova." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105755.
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In order to be able to use the operational Moldavian GNSS Positioning System MOLDPOS efficiently for the determination of normal heights in surveying engineering, e.g. during the construction of a road, an accurate quasigeoid model is needed. The main goal of this thesis is to present a new gravimetric quasigeoid model for Moldova (Mold2012), which has been determined by applying the Least Squares Modification of Stokes’ formula with Additive corrections (LSMSA), also called the KTH method. Due to limited coverage of gravity data, the integration area is often limited to a small spherical cap around the computation point, which leads to a truncation error for geoid height. Molodensky et al. (1962) showed that the truncation error can be reduced by the modification of Stokes’ formula, where the measured gravity data are combined with the low-frequency component of the geoid from a Global Gravitational Model (GGM). The LSMSA technique combines the GGM and the terrestrial data in an optimum way. In order to find the most suitable modification approach or cap size it is necessary to compare the gravimetric height anomalies with the GPS/levelling derived height anomalies, and for this purpose we use a GPS/levelling dataset that consists of 1042 points with geodetic coordinates in the MOLDREF99 reference system and normal heights at the same points given in the height system Baltic 77. The magnitude of the additive corrections varies within an interval from -0.6 cm to -4.3 cm over the area of Moldova. The quasigeoid model which results from combining the ITG-Grace02s solution (with n = M = 170, ψ0 = 3° and σΔg = 10 mGal) and the solution obtained from the modified Stokes’ formula together with the additive correction gives the best fit for the GPS/levelling data with a standard deviation (STD) of ±7.8 cm. The evaluation of the computed gravimetric quasigeoid is performed by comparing the gravimetric height anomalies with the GPS/levelling derived height anomalies for 1042 points. However, the above heterogeneous data include outliers, and in order to find and eliminate these, a corrector surface model is used. This surface provides a connection to the local vertical when the GNSS technique is used. After the elimination of the suspicious outliers (170 points) according to a 2-RMS test, a new corrective surface was computed based on the remaining 872 GPS/levelling points, and the STD of residuals became ±4.9 cm. The STD value for the residuals according to the order of the levelling network for the Mold2012 fitted to the local vertical datum is 3.8 cm for the I-order, 4.3 cm for the II-order, 4.5 cm for the III-order and 5.0 cm for the IV-order levelling network. But the STD of the residuals for the 18 control points indicates a better result where the STD is 3.6 cm and RMS is 3.9 cm and the min and max value of residuals is -5.3 cm and 9.0 cm, respectively. As the STD of the differences in height anomaly are not just the standard error of the height anomalies (quasigeoid model), but it contains also the standard errors of GPS heights and of normal heights. Assuming that the latter STDs are 3 cm and 3.5 cm, respectively, the STD of Mold2012 is estimated to 1.7 cm.QC 20121127
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French, Heidi Marie. "Gravimetric and optical studies of electroactive film dynamics." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30065.
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The novel combined Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance-Probe Beam Deflection (EQCM-PBD) technique was used to study electroactive film dynamics and determine the individual contributions made by cation, anion and solvent species to the overall redox switching mechanism. The interpretation of the responses was extended to investigate the nature of the species transfer and film thickness changes in response to volume constraints. Studies of nickel hydroxide films in LiOH electrolyte show that hydroxide is the only detected ion transferring across the electrode/electrolyte interface to maintain electroneutrality. However, there is significant contribution made by protons, which are detected indirectly as H2O. The rigid nature of the film lattice constraints on the volume within the film and results, unusually in solvent transfer being forced into the same timescale as hydroxide ions. The mechanism for a- and b- phase redox switching differs only in the balance between hydroxide and proton (H2O) contributions to electroneutrality. The volume between layers in the film lattice defines this balance. The investigation of various polypyrrole and modified polypyrrole film systems exposed to a range of electrolytes highlights the effect of anion size on the predominant ion transfer maintaining film electroneutrality and the film volume changes accompanying this process in this non-rigid material. The variation in experimental timescale employed allowed further separation of the ion, salt and solvent transfers observed. The immobilisation of the polymeric polystyrenesulphonate (PSS) anion in the polypyrrole film matrix was shown to change the ion transfer properties of the film, which can be controlled as a function of electrolyte concentration. Salicylate anions were also used to create 'templated' PPy films, which indicated large solvent contributions. Surface roughness is shown to be a determining factor of the bulk properties of the 'templated' polymer film.
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Vajda, Peter. "The truncated geoid and the gravimetric inverse problem." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ46304.pdf.
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Abrehdary, Majid. "Recovering Moho parameters using gravimetric and seismic data." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183577.
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Isostasy is a key concept in geoscience to interpret the state of mass balance between the Earth’s crust and mantle. There are four well-known isostatic models: the classical models of Airy/Heiskanen (A/H), Pratt/Hayford (P/H), and Vening Meinesz (VM) and the modern model of Vening Meinesz-Moritz (VMM). The first three models assume a local and regional isostatic compensation, whereas the latter one supposes a global isostatic compensation scheme. A more satisfactory test of isostasy is to determine the Moho interface. The Moho discontinuity (or Moho) is the surface, which marks the boundary between the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. Generally, the Moho interface can be mapped accurately by seismic observations, but limited coverage of seismic data and economic considerations make gravimetric or combined gravimetric-seismic methods a more realistic technique for imaging the Moho interface either regional or global scales. It is the main purpose of this dissertation to investigate an isostatic model with respect to its feasibility to use in recovering the Moho parameters (i.e. Moho depth and Moho density contrast). The study is mostly limited to the VMM model and to the combined approach on regional and global scales. The thesis briefly includes various investigations with the following specific subjects: 1) to investigate the applicability and quality of satellite altimetry data (i.e. marine gravity data) in Moho determination over the oceans using the VMM model, 2) to investigate the need for methodologies using gravimetric data jointly with seismic data (i.e. combined approach) to estimate both the Moho depth and Moho density contrast over regional and global scales, 3) to investigate the spherical terrain correction and its effect on the VMM Moho determination, 4) to investigate the residual isostatic topography (RIT, i.e. difference between actual topography and isostatic topography) and its effect in the VMM Moho estimation, 5) to investigate the application of the lithospheric thermal-pressure correction and its effect on the Moho geometry using the VMM model, 6) Finally, the thesis ends with the application of the classical isostatic models for predicting the geoid height. The main input data used in the VMM model for a Moho recovery is the gravity anomaly/disturbance corrected for the gravitational contributions of mass density variation due in different layers of the Earth’s crust (i.e. stripping gravity corrections) and for the gravity contribution from deeper masses below the crust (i.e. non-isostatic effects). The corrections are computed using the recent seismic crustal model CRUST1.0. Our numerical investigations presented in this thesis demonstrate that 1) the VMM approach is applicable for estimating Moho geometry using a global marine gravity field derived by satellite altimetry and that the possible mean dynamic topography in the marine gravity model does not significantly affect the Moho determination, 2) the combined approach could help in filling-in the gaps in the seismic models and it also provides good fit to other global and regional models more than 90 per cent of the locations, 3) despite the fact that the lateral variation of the crustal depth is rather smooth, the terrain affects the Moho result most significantly in many areas, 4) the application of the RIT correction improves the agreement of our Moho result with some published global Moho models, 5) the application of the lithospheric thermal-pressure correction improves the agreement of VMM Moho model with some other global Moho models, 6) the geoid height cannot be successfully represented by the classical models due to many other gravitational signals from various mass variations within the Earth that affects the geoid.QC 20160317
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Pessoa, Luciano Montenegro da Cunha. "Geoide gravimetrico local em area da Bacia do Parana." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/49683.
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Orientador: François Albert RosierDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná
Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo geoidal de âmbito local para a região definida geograficamente pelos paralelos - 24° 30' e - 26° 30' e meridianos - 50° 30' e - 52° 30' inserida na bacia sedimentar do Paraná, resultante da combinação de dados gravimétricos com o modelo do geopotencial OSU91A e de um modelo topográfico de alta resolução. A formulação matemática utilizada para a obtenção das ondulações geoidais foi a integral de Stokes, através da técnica remove-restore com modificação da função S(y/) para a aproximação plana. Esta técnica possibilita explorar a alta correlação existente entre as anomalias ar-livre e a topografia, bem como a baixa correlação entre as anomalias Bouguer com esta mesma topografia. A existência de um modelo topográfico de alta resolução para área trabalhada foi condição necessária para a aplicação da técnica, tendo este sido gerado a partir da digitalização contínua das curvas de nível das cartas topográficas existentes nas escalas de 1: 100.000 (14 folhas) e 1: 50.000 (8 folhas). Na combinação dos elementos acima, o modelo OSU91A, truncado em grau e ordem 180, foi responsável pela quantificação da componente dè longo comprimento de onda da representação espectral do campo gravífico, enquanto coube às anomalias gravimétricas e ao modelo topográfico digital quantificarem respectivamente os efeitos de médio e curto comprimentos de onda do campo sobre as ondulações geoidais. Foram considerados os efeitos indiretos sobre o potencial gravífico resultantes das reduções efetuadas, bem como as influências do relevo nas medidas gravimétricas nas zonas próxima e distante das 5.125 estações gravimétricas. Foi analisada e quantificada a correlação entre as anomalias Bouguer e a topografia na área de trabalho, e, seguindo modelo proposto Pick (1973), apresentado um modelo de densidades para a área. As ondulações geoidais resultantes foram comparadas com os correspondentes valores obtidos a partir do posicionamento GPS de um conjunto de 31 RRNN da rede altimétrica fundamental brasileira, às quais foram interligadas à Rede Nacional GPS. O modelo resultante apresentou uma componente sistemática de 0,38 m tendo como referências a diferença entre as alturas elipsoidais fornecidas por Pereira (1993) e as altitudes ortométricas das RRNN, enquanto que a propagação relativa apresentou diferenças da ordem de 3,5 ppm. Nas avaliações absolutas e relativas foi utilizada a metodologia proposta por Pessoa (1994).
Abstract: This paper presents a local geoidal model for a geographicaly defined region between paralels - 24° 30' and - 26° 30' and meridians - 50° 30' e - 52° 30', inserted in the Paraná sedimentary basin, resulting from a combination of gravimetric data, a geopotenctial model OSU91A and a high resolution topographic model. The Stokes integral was utilized as mathematical formulation to obtain geoidal undulation through remove-restore technique, using a modified S(y/) function in its plane aproach. This technique allows to explore high correlation existing between free-air anomalies and topography, as well the low correlation between Bouguer anomalies with topography. As necessary condition for use this aproach, a high resolution topographic model for that area was generated from digitizing all level lines of existing topographical maps in 1: 100.000 (14 sheets) and 1: 50.000 (8 sheets). In such combination of elements, the OSU91A model, truncated in degree and order 180, was responsible for quantifying spectral representation field long wavelenght component, while gravimetric anomalies and topographic model were responsable for quantifying medium and short wavelenght effects over geoidal undulations. Resulting indirects effects over potential were also considered as well topographic effects on observations in near and distant zones for 5.125 gravimetric stations. Correlation between Bouguer anomalies and topography was quantified for the area and, using model sugested by Pick (1973), to compute a density model. Resulting geoidal undulations were compared with corresponding values obtained from GPS positioning over 31 benchmarks of the fundamental height brazilian network, whose were tied to Rede Nacional GPS. Resulting model presented a sistematic component of 0,38 m refered to differences between elipsoidal heights from Pereira (1993) and orthometric heights of benchmarks, while relative propagation showed differences of about 3,5 ppm. In absolute and relative evaluation a methodology proposed by Pessoa (1994) was used.
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Olsen, Adam Paul Flagan Richard C. Kornfield Julia A. "Scanning activity gravimetric analysis (SAGA) of aqueous polyethylene oxide /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : Caltech, 2006. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05262006-133416.
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Goyal, Ropesh. "Towards a Gravimetric Geoid Model for the Mainland India." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89060.
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Gagg, Gilberto. "Auscultação gravimetrica na região da barragem Bento Munhoz da Rocha." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/36636.
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Orientador: Jair Mendes MarquesDissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná
Resumo: Na região da Barragem de Bento Munhoz da Rocha - PR, foram realizadas medidas gravimétricas antes e apos o enchimento do reservatório, visando-se detectar variações de g que possam ser indícios de subsidência. Foram empregados testes estatísticos para a interpretação dos resultados, pois a variação da gravidade foi da mesma ordem de grandeza que os erros observacionais. Os resultados foram confrontados com dados anteriormente disponíveis de nivelamento geométrico também efetuado na região.
Abstract: At the region of the "Bento Munhoz da Rocha - PR"’ dam, was developed gravimetric measurements before and after the reservoir filling, in order to detect gravity variations that could be indication of subsidence. Statistical tests were used to interpret the results, because the gravity variation was of the same magnitude as the observational errors. The results was compared with others results of geometric levelling previously available that also was developed at the region.
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Amarante, Rogério Rodrigues 1972. "Sistematização do processamento de dados gravimétricos aplicados a determinação do modelo geoidal." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258364.
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Orientador: Jorge Luiz Alves TrabancoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Com o uso de métodos adequados, receptores GNSS podem determinar coordenadas com acurácia suficiente para aplicação em projetos de engenharia. Porém a altitude elipsoidal obtida não utiliza o mesmo sistema de referência da engenharia de transportes. A altitude elipsoidal pode ser transformada em ortométrica com a utilização de modelos geoidais que são gerados a partir de dados gravimétricos. Neste trabalho são apresentados alguns conceitos introdutórios sobre a geração de modelo geoidais. Em seguida mostra o desenvolvimento de uma nova sistematização do tratamento de dados gravimétricos com objetivo de facilitar a detecção de erros, aumentar a produtividade e melhorar a organização de resultados obtidos. Dentro deste desenvolvimento, são revisadas as teorias utilizadas para transformar medições feitas com gravímetros diferenciais em aceleração da gravidade. Apresenta também técnicas de ajustamento de observações com intuito tratar erros aleatórios. A nova abordagem sugerida foi utilizada para o desenvolvimento de um software objetivando validar as idéias propostas, permitir a comparação com outras soluções existentes e também servir como uma contribuição tecnológica. Dados gravimétricos reais foram testados dentro da abordagem proposta tendo sido observados mais organização, ganho de produtividade e principalmente a detecção de erros grosseiros e aleatórios. Com a revisão do cálculo da correção da maré, percebeu-se que programas e equipamentos atualmente em uso não possuem configuração do fator gravimétrico, fato que pode influenciar em até 0; 007mGals no processamento das observações
Abstract: With the use of appropriate methods, GNSS receivers can determine coordinates with sufficient accuracy for use in projects. The ellipsoidal height obtained, however, does not use the same reference system as the one used in transportation engineering. The ellipsoidal height can be transformed to orthometric height using geoid models that are generated from gravimetric data. In this work some introductory concepts on the generation of geoid model are presented. Then it shows the development of a new approach in systematization of gravimetric data processing aiming to facilitate the detection of errors, increase productivity and improve the organization of the results obtained in the gravimetric surveys. Within this development, the theories used to convert measurements of the differences in gravity acceleration are revised. It also features adjustment techniques of observations in order to deal with random errors. The new suggested approach was used to develop software in order to validate the proposed ideas, allow comparison with other existing solutions, and also serves as a technological contribution. Gravimetric data were tested within the suggested approach. It was observed better organization, productivity gains and mainly detection of gross errors and random. With the review of the tide correction calculation, it was realized that programs and equipments now widely used have no gravimetric factor setting, a fact that can influence up to 0; 007mGals in processing the readings
Doutorado
Transportes
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Wan, Mohd Akib Wan Abdul Aziz. "A preliminary determination of a gravimetric geoid in Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283665.
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Nyamangunda, Patrick. "Towards a 10cm local gravimetric geoid for Zimbabwe using FFT." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301119.
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Fehrenbach, Antonia, Heinz Fehrenbach, Thorsten Wittwer, Matthias Ochs, Thorsten Wahlers, and Joachim Richter. "Evaluation of Pulmonary Edema: Stereological versus Gravimetrical Analysis." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-132491.
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Assessment of lung edema by gravimetrical analysis is a standard method to evaluate the severity of experimentally induced ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to compare gravimetrical assessment of pulmonary edema with a stereological approach which allows for qualitative and quantitative distinction between intravascular and edematous fluids by light microscopy. Eight experimental groups which differed in mode of preservation, ischemic storage and pharmacological treatments were studied in an extracorporeal rat lung model. Analysis of the pooled data showed that the wet/dry ratio values mainly reflected the amount of intra-alveolar edema (rs = 0.442; p = 0.0057) but only stereological assessment of edema formation revealed differences depending on the treatment used. Only stereological data correlated significantly with oxygen tension measured at the end of reperfusion (rs = –0.530; p = 0.0009). We conclude that gravimetry is of minor functional importance compared to assessment by stereological methods which prove to be a reliable and efficient tool for the evaluation of IR injury in the different experimental settingsDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Fehrenbach, Antonia, Heinz Fehrenbach, Thorsten Wittwer, Matthias Ochs, Thorsten Wahlers, and Joachim Richter. "Evaluation of Pulmonary Edema: Stereological versus Gravimetrical Analysis." Karger, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27457.
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Assessment of lung edema by gravimetrical analysis is a standard method to evaluate the severity of experimentally induced ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to compare gravimetrical assessment of pulmonary edema with a stereological approach which allows for qualitative and quantitative distinction between intravascular and edematous fluids by light microscopy. Eight experimental groups which differed in mode of preservation, ischemic storage and pharmacological treatments were studied in an extracorporeal rat lung model. Analysis of the pooled data showed that the wet/dry ratio values mainly reflected the amount of intra-alveolar edema (rs = 0.442; p = 0.0057) but only stereological assessment of edema formation revealed differences depending on the treatment used. Only stereological data correlated significantly with oxygen tension measured at the end of reperfusion (rs = –0.530; p = 0.0009). We conclude that gravimetry is of minor functional importance compared to assessment by stereological methods which prove to be a reliable and efficient tool for the evaluation of IR injury in the different experimental settings.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Bitalová, Katarína. "Gravimetrická měření a opakovaná nivelace na polygonu Tetčice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227127.
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This master's thesis deals with measurements of highs and gravity of points polygon located in village Tetčice, through which is crossing a eastern fault of Boskovice furrow. With repeated measurement should be proved effect to high levels of groundwater. Repeated measurements are realized in the range 2 stages. In thesis is in detail described calculation complete Bouguer gravity anomaly and their quantitative interpretation. From the gravimetric of dates is created map of complete Bouguer gravity anomaly and interpretative profile through Boskovice furrow. Interpretative profile has localized fault, whose tectonic activity belong to possible factors level movement in the village. Level measurements meets the requirement of precise levelling. The results of the measurements are compared and discussed with the previous stages of the research.
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Zajíčková, Katarína. "Gravimetrická měření a opakovaná nivelace na polygonu Tetčice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390234.
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The object of this master´s thesis was levelling and weight measurement of the Tetčice polygon through which passes the fault of the Boskovice furrow. This is the 10th period of levelling and the second period of gravimetric measurement. The theoretical part describes the geological structure of the site, technology of high-precision levelling and technology of gravimetric measurement. The first part of the practical part deals with my own levelling measurement, the calculation of the resulting cambers and heights, consequential comparasion of the results with previous periods and, especially, with evaluation of the vertical movement tendecies. The second part of the practical part deals with my own gravimetric measurement, the calculation of the complete Bouguer gravity anomaly, creation map of complete Bouguer gravity anomaly and as well as evaluation of gravimetric measurement in relation to the results of the previous periods.
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Schwab, Silvia Helena Soares 1957. "Mares gravimetricas, influencias ambientais e calibração instrumental : estudos na estação Curitiba." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/43830.
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Orientador: Silvio Rogerio Correia de FreitasCo-orientador: Wladimir Shukowsky
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná
Resumo: A aquisição de dados de maré gravimétrica consiste em colocar o instrumento em aquisição de dados em uma estação, onde interferem algumas variáveis físicas tais como a resposta local a variação dos parâmetros de ambiente e o efeito indireto dos oceanos. Dentre as possíveis abordagens do problema, propõe-se a determinação das admitâncias e função de transferência entre as grandezas físicas envolvidas no processo. Para isto, e necessário que os dados resultantes da analise de maré sejam concordantes com os parâmetros de maré historicamente conhecidos para a estação. A sua adequação pode ser feita mediante uma calibração dinâmica do gravimetro, em relação aos valores de referencia. Este processo de calibração, assim como a determinação das admiâancias entre os parâmetros de ambiente e o efeito do carregamento oceânico em relação as maré gravimétricas, são fundamentais para a melhor aplicação dos gravimetros de mola, em vista da resolução exigida na atualidade na observação de mares. A metodologia de estudo aqui proposta, aplicada a dados obtidos pelo gravimetro GEO 783 na estação fundamental de Curitiba, Brasil (ICET-7305), pode também ser estendido para as operações normais de observação das mares gravimétricas em novas estações, possibilitando o refinamento das analises gravimétricas, desde que amostrados adequadamente os parâmetros do ambiente de aquisição. Cada influencia e considerada como um canal, de maneira a estudar as suas admitâncias com o canal gravimétrico, de forma independente. Desta forma, o estudo visa discriminar, em caráter local, a parcela de contribuição de cada um dos canais, através do seu modelamento, do estudo das suas correlações no domínio do tempo e principalmente através da construção das suas funções de transferência, em amplitude e fase, no domínio das frequências via analise espectral. Os experimentos realizados foram baseados em dados-minuto gravimétricos obtidos durante sete meses no ano de 1995, aliados a dados de pressão, temperatura e umidade do ar obtidos através de captores, com a mesma taxa de amostragem, devidamente calibrados com a utilização de instrumentos-padrão. Para a avaliação da adequação das correções instrumentais adotadas para o GEO 783, foi realizada uma comparação com os valores de referencia dos parâmetros de maré na estação, que indicou a necessidade de realizar a calibração dinâmica. Nesta, a partir do nível dos resíduos obtidos após a analise de maré, foram considerados como elemento discriminador para a avaliação da calibração, os valores de carregamento oceânico calculados para a estação, pela utilização do modelo de Schwiderski tradicionalmente adotado, e dos novos modelos introduzidos a partir de 1992, via altimetria por satélite TOPEX/POSEIDON. Com este procedimento, os valores resultantes da serie foram adequados para posterior estudos de influencias entre os canais. Com este fim, foram então estudadas as correlações entre os canais de pressão, temperatura e umidade com o sinal gravimétrico observado, nos dois domínios, do tempo e das frequências. Uma vez caracterizadas as admitâncias entre os canais, evidenciou-se uma forte correlação entre o sinal gravimétrico e a pressão atmosférica, que permitiu mediar valores para as funções de transferência entre estes canais, nas diversas bandas de frequências do espectro de mares.
Abstract: The acquisition of gravimetric tide data consists of placing the instrument on a station under the influence of some physical variables, such as the local response to environmental parameters and the indirect effects of oceans. Among the many possible methods to treat this kind of problem, it is proposed the determination of the admittances and transfer functions among the variables involved in the process. With that purpose, it is necessary that resulting analysed data be in accordance with the historically known tidal parameters of the station. Its adequacy can be verified through a dynamic calibration as function of reference values. This calibration process, as well as the determination of admittances between the environmental parameters and ocean loading related with gravimetric tides, are fundamental for a better use of spring gravity meters, taking into account the required resolution for Earth tides observation. The proposed methodology of study, was applied to data obtained by GE0783 at the Curitiba Fundamental Station (ICET-7305), Brazil. It can be extended to common gravimetric tide observations, performed in new stations. It also allows the improvement of the tidal analysis, because the environmental parameters can be adequately sampled. Each influence is considered as an independent channel, as a way to study their admittances with the gravimetric channel. Thus, the study aims to discriminate, with a local character, the contribution of each channel independently, through its modeling, its correlation in time domain, and mainly, the construction of its transfer functions in both frequency, in magnitude and phase, in frequency domain through spectral analysis. Experiments were carried out using gravimetric minute-sampled data, obtained at Curitiba Station during seven months, in 1995, together with air pressure, temperature and air humidity data, sampled at the same rate, and adequately calibrated to usual units of physics through the use of standard instruments. To estimate the adopted instrumental corrections for GEO 783, the results of tidal anlysis were compared with the reference values of tidal parameters at the station, which indicated the necessity to perform the dynamic calibration. In this last procedure, the discrimination element of the results of the calibration, was considered as being the calculated values for local ocean loading, by means the traditional Schwidersky method, and the news models established by satellite althimetriy, via TOPEX-POSEIDON. Then, the 1995' series was adequated to the influences analysis proposed in this work. The correlation coefficients between the air pressure, temperature and air humidity channels and the observed channel, in two domains, time and frequency were studied. The admittance between the channels was characterized, a significant correlation between the observed signal and air pressure was evident, allowing to focus on their transfer functions in the different frequency bands of the earth tide spectrum.
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Mahed, Gaathier. "Analysis of temporal and spatial variations in water storage by means of gravimetric and hydrologic methods in the region around the South African gravimetric observation station." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6714.
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This work examines the use of gravity data and its application to subsurface water reservoirs in the immediate vicinity of the South African Geodynamic Observatory, Sutherland (SAGOS), situated in a semi-arid region of the Karoo region of South Africa, and underlain by the Karoo sedimentary rocks intruded by dolerite dykes and sills. SAGOS houses the only supergravity metre (SG) in Africa, and this thesis sets out to test its use in monitoring groundwater dynamics using hydrological and gravity data. The main aim of this work is the application of the SG data, in conjunction with hydrological data, to better understand episodic recharge of subsurface reservoirs. The importance of water as a resource, globally and specifically the Karoo, is reviewed in conjunction with supply and demand of water. This is to contextualise the socio-economic, technical as well as policy issues related to water resource management. Applicable technologies for water resource management and efficient water use are highlighted and the application of gravity to hydrology is introduced, including satellite as well as ground based tools. In addition, arid zone hydrology as well as recharge and its mechanisms are analysed in order to better understand these processes when examined from gravity measurements. Issues related to understanding flow within the vadose zone as well as in secondary aquifers are examined, and gravity residuals and subsurface hydrology are highlighted. Thereafter, a conceptual groundwater flow modelof the study area is developed using multiple tools. First, the geology around SAGOS was mapped using SPOT 5 imagery and then ground truthed. Second, stable isotopes and water chemistry analysis was undertaken on water samples from selected boreholes. The results allude to preferential flow acting as the main mechanism for groundwater recharge. Follow-up pump-tests illustrate that fracture connectivity is greatest at close proximity to the dyke. Soil mapping, using aerial photography was also undertaken. Duplex soils, enriched with clay at depth, dominate the study area. Using in-situ infiltration tests, it is shown that the alluvium, which lines the river beds, has a higher hydraulic conductivity than the other soils, confirming that these streams act as preferential conduits for subsurface recharge. Precipitation events were correlated against gravity residuals at 4 wells, over different time periods. The results are examined using time series analyses. Gravity residuals from well SA BK07, over a period of 24 hours after the rainfall event, delineate instances of negative correlations, as well as strong positive correlations (of up to 0.9). On the whole however, correlations between gravity and groundwater at SA BK07 are variable and weak, and in conjunction with water level measurements and water chemistry, the data suggest that this well is located in a dynamic conduit (throughflow) and not in a permanent groundwater reservoir. By contrast, other wells show strong positive correlations between gravity residuals and water levels following episodic recharge events for a later time series. Correlations between the water levels and gravity residuals in wells SA BK04, SA BK05 and SA BK 01 are in excess of 0.7 for specific rainfall events. In summary, the results suggests that gravity is an excellent tool for measuring episodic groundwater recharge within the immediate vicinity of the SAGOS. This implies that gravity can aid in monitoring groundwater losses/gains in arid and semi-arid areas. Recommendations for future work are highlighted at the end; these include the possible use of hydrological modelling of reservoirs at various scales and then comparing these results to the SG as well as GOCE and GRACE satellites data, and then improving numerical modelling of the groundwater dynamics for sites like Sutherland and the surrounding arid Karoo region, where sparse water shortages, and potential pollution related to fracking for shale-gas, are likely to compete with established water needs for farming and human consumption. It is also suggested that the gravity modelling be examined to better understand site specific scenarios and thus aid in improving the processing of the gravity signal.
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Moura, Denise Silva de. "Gravimetric and magnetic modelling of the Ceará Plateau, Brazilian Equatorial Margin." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21136/tde-15012019-162208/.
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The Brazilian Equatorial Margin is a transform passive margin with long fracture zones and several seamounts, including the Ceará Plateau, as the largest one. This is a very complex and poorly known area, with very few available research data. The geophysical approach was used to achieve a better understanding, and to guide further surveys. Gravity and magnetic data from the Equant I Project, seismic published lines and previous studies were applied to make several models and analyses. The gravity and the magnetic anomaly sources seemed to be the same, related to a denser and magnetized basement. It is estimated the basement surface between 800 and 6000 m and the Mohorovičić discontinuity, which is about 22-23 km below the Ceará Plateau. It is also presented and discussed the position of the continent-ocean boundary, recognized at approximately 40 km from the continental shelf, that locate the plateau at the oceanic crust. The area of the transitional crust, with an extension of 40-50 km, represents the altered continental crust, formed during the rift phase, previous to the Atlantic Ocean. The lack of data gives some limitation to the analysis, and add some uncertainties in the results, which are discussed along this thesis.A Margem Equatorial Brasileira é uma margem passiva transformante com longas zonas de fratura e diversos montes submarinos, incluindo o Platô do Ceará, o maior deles. Essa é uma área muito complexa e pouco conhecida, com poucos dados disponíveis. A abordagem geofísica foi utilizada para alcançar uma melhor compreensão da área e para guiar próximas pesquisas. Dados gravimétricos e magnéticos do Projeto Equant I, linhas sísmicas publicadas e estudos prévios foram aplicados para desenvolver os modelos e as análises. A fonte das anomalias gravimétricas e magnéticas pareceram ser as mesmas, relacionadas a um embasamento mais denso e magnetizado. É estimada a superfície do embasamento entre 800 e 6000 m e a descontinuidade de Mohorovičić, aproximadamente a 22-23 km abaixo do Platô do Ceará. Foi também apresentada e discutida a posição do limite crosta continental-oceânica, aproximadamente a 40 km da plataforma continental, colocando o platô na crosta oceânica. A área da crosta transicional, com uma extensão de 40-50 km, demarca uma crosta continental mais alterada, formada durante a fase rifte, anterior à abertura do Oceano Atlântico. A falta de dados limitou as análises, e certamente implicou em diversas incertezas nos resultados, que são discutidas durante esta dissertação.
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Lattach, Youssef. "Development and characterization of sensing layers based on molecularly imprinted conducting polymers for the electrochemical and gravimetrical detection of small organic molecules." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699628.
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In the field of chemical and biological sensors, the increased need for better sensitivity, faster response and higher selectivity during an analysis process, requires the development of more and more efficient transducing sensing layers. In this context, and with the aim to detect small non-electroactive molecules, such as atrazine (ATZ), we designed, characterized and developed sensing layers constituted by functionalized Molecularly Imprinted Conducting Polymers (MICP) and we integrated them into electrochemical and gravimetrical sensors. Starting from acetonitrile pre-polymerization media containing ATZ as template molecules in the presence of thiophene-based functional monomers (FM, namely TMA, TAA, EDOT, TMeOH or Th), differently functionalized and structurally different polythiophene-based FM-MICP films were electrosynthesized onto gold substrates and used for ATZ detection. The sensing properties of FM-MICP layers were shown to result from the presence in their backbones of pre-shaped FM-functionalized imprinted cavities which keep the memory of the targets. Nevertheless, non-specific adsorption onto the surface of the sensing layers takes place systematically, which affects the selectivity of the recognition process. Thanks to surface characterization techniques, we highlighted the influence of the thickness and of the structural properties of the layers on the efficiency of the recognition process. Besides, this latter was shown to operate in the bulk of the polymer matrixes thanks to layers porosity. On another hand, electrochemical measurements correlated with semi-empirical calculations demonstrated the influence of the nature of FM on the strength of the ATZ-FM interaction in the pre-polymerization medium, and then on the number of ATZ molecular imprints and on the sensitivity towards ATZ of the FM-MICP layers. We showed that TAA-MICP, which presents a low limit of detection (10-9 mol L-1) and a large dynamic range (10-8 to 10-4 mol L-1), is the best sensing layer since it offers the best compromise between high level of specific detection of ATZ and low level of non-specific adsorption. Finally, TAA-MICP was used as sensitive layer in an original Electrochemical Surface Acoustic Wave sensor (ESAW) which enabled simultaneous coupled gravimetric and electrochemical measurements.
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Francis, Laurent A. "Thin film acoustic waveguides and resonators for gravimetric sensing applications in liquid." Université catholique de Louvain, 2006. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-01272006-113333/.
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The fields of health care and environment control have an increasing demand for sensors able to detect low concentrations of specific molecules in gaseous or liquid samples. The recent introduction of microfabricated devices in these fields gave rise to sensors with attractive properties. A cutting edge technology is based on guided acoustic waves, which are perturbed by events occurring at the nanometer scale. A first part of the thesis investigates the Love mode waveguide, a versatile structure in which a thin film is guiding the acoustic wave generated in a piezoelectric substrate. A systematic analysis of its sensitivity was obtained using a transmission line model generalized to discriminate the rigid or viscous nature of the probed layers. We developed a novel integrated combination of the Love mode device with a Surface Plasmon Resonance optical sensor to quantify the thickness and the composition of soft layers. The electromagnetic interferences in the recorded signal were modeled to determine the phase velocity in the sensing area and to provide new mechanisms for an enhanced sensitivity. The experimental aspects of this work deal with the fabrication, the important issue of the packaging and the sensitivity calibration of the Love mode biosensor. A second part of the thesis investigates nanocrystalline diamond under the form of a thin film membrane suspended to a rigid silicon frame. The high mechanical and chemical resistance of nanocrystalline diamond, close to single-crystal diamond, open ways to membrane based acoustic sensors such as Flexural Plate Wave and thin Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators (FBAR). A novel dynamic characterization of the thin film is reported and the properties of composite FBAR devices including a diamond thin film membrane and a piezoelectric aluminum nitride layer are assessed using the perturbation theory. This study is applied to evaluate the high sensing potential of the first prototype of an actual diamond-based composite FBAR.
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Nahavandchi, Hossein. "Precise gravimetric-GPS geoid determination with improved topographic corrections applied over Sweden." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2726.
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Bayraktar, Ekrem. "Design And Implementation Of A Mems Based Gravimetric Detector For Cytometry Applications." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612482/index.pdf.
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This thesis reports design and implementation of a MEMS based gravimetric resonator for cytometry applications. There are mainly two objectives of this thesisto enable in-flow analysis and to perform closed loop operation that does not require any additional processing or equipment. A novel MEMS based resonator with in-flow capabilities is proposed for detection of agents inside micro channels. High resolution of mass detection inside micro channels is planned to be succeeded with lateral motion in the micro channel floor. The idea embedding lateral resonators emerges from decreasing squeeze film damping during the motion of the resonator. Lateral motion is supported by hydrophobic parylene coating to decrease the damping. Theory and design of the gravimetric resonators are explained and the fabrication flow is constructed and performed successfully by combining SOI, SOG and polymer micro fabrication techniques. Problems during the fabrication are overcome and optimized flow is presented. The devices have a foot print area of 1.5 x 0.5 cm2 which is mainly composed of reservoirs for fluidic connections. Ten types of devices are designed according to their mass sensitivities and compliances. Trade offs between frequency, injected current, and compliance are analyzed successfully by taking also the performance parameters of the interface electronics in to account. Test results reveal that single latex bead with 3 µ
m diameter and 14.127 pg mass can be sensed successfully and mass sensitivity is measured to be 5.91 fg/Hz for this type of device.
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Inerbayeva, (Shoganbekova) Daniya. "Determination of a gravimetric geoid model of Kazakhstan using the KTH-method." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik och Geodesi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-52284.
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This study work deals with the determination of the gravimetric geoid model for Kazakhstan by using the KTH-method. A number of data sets were collected for this work, such as the gravity anomalies, high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) and GPS/Levelling data. These data has been optimally combined through the KTH approach, developed at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. According to this stochastic method, Stokes’ formula is being used with the original surface gravity anomaly, which combine with a GGM yields approximate geoid heights. The corrected geoid heights are then obtained by adding the topographic, downward continuation, atmospheric and ellipsoidal corrections to the approximate geoid heights. To compute the geoid model for Kazakhstan as accurately as possible with available data set different numerical tests have been performed: Choice of the best fit geopotential model in the computation area Investigations for the best choice of the initial condition for determination of the least-squares parameters Selection of the best parametric model for reducing the effect of the systematic error and data inconsistencies between computed geoid heights and GPS/Levelling heights. Finally, 5'x5' Kazakh gravimetric geoid (KazGM2010) has been modelled.
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Hsu, Jui-lin. "A study of ink trapping comparing gravimetric and desitometric methods of measurement /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11333.
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Featherstone, William Edward. "A G.P.S. controlled gravimetric determination of the geoid of the British Isles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306204.
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Abdalla, Ahmed. "Determination of a gravimetric geoid model of Sudan using the KTH method." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199670.
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The main objective of this study is to compute a new gravimetric geoid model of Sudan using the KTH method based on modification of Stokes’ formula for geoid determination. The modified Stokes’ formula combines regional terrestrial gravity with long-wavelength gravity information provided by the global gravitational model (GGM). The collected datasets for this study contained the terrestrial gravity measurements, digital elevation model (DEM), GPS/levelling data and four global gravitational Models (GGMs), (EGM96, EIGEN-GRACE02S, EIGEN-GL04C and GGM03S). The gravity data underwent cross validation technique for outliers detection, three gridding algorithms (Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting and Nearest Neighbor) have been tested, thereafter the best interpolation approach has been chosen for gridding the refined gravity data. The GGMs contributions were evaluated with GPS/levelling data to choose the best one to be used in the combined formula. In this study three stochastic modification methods of Stokes’ formula (Optimum, Unbiased and Biased) were performed, hence an approximate geoid height was computed. Thereafter, some additive corrections (Topographic, Downward Continuation, Atmospheric and Ellipsoidal) were added to the approximated geoid height to get corrected geoid height. The new gravimetric geoid model (KTH-SDG08) has been determined over the whole country of Sudan at 5′ x 5′ grid for area ( 4 ). The optimum method provides the best agreement with GPS/levelling estimated to 29 cm while the agreement for the relative geoid heights to 0.493 ppm. A comparison has also been made between the new geoid model and a previous model, determined in 1991 and shows better accuracy. ≤φ ≤ 23 , 22 ≤ λ ≤ 38 Keywords: geoid model, KTH method, stochastic modification methods, modified Stokes’ formula, additive corrections.
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Yürekli, Yılmaz Alsoy Altınkaya. "Measurement of transport properties of polyacrylic systems using a gravimetric sorption method/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2003. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000274.pdf.
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Akhtar, Nahid. "A multiscale harmonic spline interpolation method for the inverse spheroidal gravimetric problem." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000335380/04.
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Vičkutė, Asta. "Paprastojo kiečio (Artemisia vulgaris l.) biologinių savybių priklausomybė nuo augavietės edafinių ir klimatinių ypatumų." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090615_114532-97883.
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Magistro darbe tiriama paprastojo kiečio (Artemisia vulgaris L.) biologinių savybių priklausomybė nuo tyrimo vietos edafinių ir klimatinių ypatumų.
Darbo objektas – paprastasis kietis (Artemisia vulgaris L.).
Darbo tikslas – nustatyti įvairias paprastojo kiečio fiziologinias charakteristikas.
Darbo metodai – Tyrimai atlikti LŽŪU aplinkotyros laboratorijoje. Azoto kiekis nustatytas Kjeldalio metodu. Dirvožemio sunkiųjų metalų analizė atlikta mėginius deginant „Multiwave 3000 Synthos 3000“ ir gauto ekstrakto elementų koncentracijos nustatytos pagal standartą LST ISO 11047 (Dirvožemio kokybė), naudojant liepsnos ir elektoterminės atominės absorbcijos spektrometrinius metodus. Flavonoidų kokybinė ir kiekybinė sudėtis nustatyta efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodu. Epifitinių mikroorganizmų kiekis nustatytas naudojant sojos leptono ir Salsbūro agarą. Duomenys įvertinti, panaudojant Excel ir SPSS statistines programas.
Darbo rezultatai. Atlikus tyrimus įvertintos paprastojo kiečio fiziologinės savybės ir gauti tokie rezultatai: dirvožemio geležies, cinko nikelio koncentracijos buvo didžiausios 2 km atstumu nuo AB “Achema” (prie geležinkelio), 0,5 km atstumu nuo AB „Achema“ – vidutinės, mažiausios – Kačerginės; dirvožemio ir paprastojo kiečio įvairių augalo dalių azoto koncentracija išsidėsto tokia tvarka: dirvožemio < šaknų < stiebų < žiedų < lapų; tarp visų tyrimo vietų reikšmingai skyrėsi paprastojo kiečio sausoji masė. Pagal stiebus ir žiedynus A. vulgaris L... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Topic of the diploma (Master degree in Ecology) was evaluation of Artemisia vulgaris L.) physiological-biochemical parameters depending on site edaphic and climatic factors. Research object - Artemisia vulgaris L. Purpose of the work – evaluation of various morphophysiological-biochemical parameters of Artemisia vulgaris L. in respect of the distance from the nitrogen fertilizer factory, ommiting ammonia also in respect of heavy metal concentrations in the soil. Methods. Analyses were performed at the laboratory of Environment of University of Agriculture of Lithuania. Concentration of nitrogen was determined by Kjeldal method. For the determination of the heavy metal concentration the samples of the soil were burned by „Multiwave 3000 Synthos 3000“ and obtained extracts were analysed following protocol for the soil quality (LST ISO 11047), using method of flame and electrothermal atomic absorbtion spectrometry. The amount of epiphytic microorganisms was determined bacteria on soya agar and fungi on Salsbur medium. Data were analysed using Excel and SPSS statistical packages. Results and discussion. Concentration of the nitrogen in the soil and leaves of Artemisia vulgaris, falls in the following order: site, located in 2 km distance from the factory < site located besides the factory < Kačerginė site located in 45 km distance from the factory (as a control, „relatively clean“ site). In the sampling sites of Artemisia vulgaris concentrations of heavy metal (Pb, Cr, Ni... [to full text]
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Daras, IIias. "Determination of a gravimetric geoid model of Greece using the method of KTH." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199682.
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The main purpose of this study is to compute a gravimetric geoid model of Greeceusing the least squares modification method developed at KTH. In regional gravimetricgeoid determination, the modified Stokes’s formula that combines local terrestrial datawith a global geopotential model is often used nowadays.In this study, the optimum modification of Stokes’s formula, introduced by ProfessorSjöberg, is employed so that the expected mean square error (MSE) of all possiblesolutions of the general geoid model is minimized. According to this stochasticmethod, the Stokes’s formula is being used with the original surface gravity anomalywhich combined with a GGM yields an approximate geoid height. The corrected geoidheight is then obtained by adding the topographic, downward continuation,atmospheric and ellipsoidal corrections to the approximate geoid height.The dataset used for the computations, consisted of terrestrial gravimetricmeasurements, a DEM model and GPS/Levelling data for the Greek region. Threeglobal geopotential models (EGM96, EIGEN-GRACE02S, EIGEN-GL04C) weretested for choosing the best GGM to be combined into the final solution. Regarding theevaluation and refinement of the terrestrial gravity measurements, the cross-validationtechnique has been used for detection of outliers.The new Greek gravimetric geoid model was evaluated with 18 GPS/Levelling pointsof the Greek geodetic network. The absolute agreement between the gravimetric andthe GPS/Levelling geoid height was estimated at 27 cm while the relative agreement at0.9 ppm. In a case of study the absolute accuracy of the model was estimated at 14 cm.The geoid model computed in this study was also compared with some previous Greekgeoid models, yielding better external accuracy than them.
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Muralidas, Pooja. "Thermo-gravimetric Analysis of Corrosion Kinetics of Ti and Zr Coated P91 Steel." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2057.
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In recent decade growing concerns of CO2 emissions from power plants have increased, which led to development of technologies like oxy-fuel combustion process. P91 steel is profoundly used in power plants, but oxy fuel combustion exacerbates corrosion due to recycling of flue gas. This paper studied the kinetics of the corrosion rate on the boiler tubes and furnace and help achieve a corrosion resistant coating over it. Refractory metal diffusion coating is created and tested at high temperature in corrosive atmosphere. This was done by forming Ti and Zr diffusion coating on P91 steel using pack cementation. Coating thickness of 12 and 20 µm were obtained for Ti and Zr respectively. These samples were tested in thermo-gravimetric system by heating at 950˚C for 24 hours in 5% oxygen in Helium gas. Heating in an oxidizing environment lead to exfoliation corrosion on uncoated P91 steel. TGA procedure confirmed less mass change of Ti and Zr coated samples, than that of uncoated P91 steel sample. SEM and depth profiling confirms oxygen penetration is 2.7mm in uncoated P91 steel sample, whereas the Ti and Zr Coated samples oxygen penetration is just 16 and 56 µm respectively.
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Jacob, Thomas. "APPORT DE LA GRAVIMETRIE ET DE L'INCLINOMETRIE A L'HYDROLOGIE KARSTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404851.
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Les aquifères karstiques constituent l'essentiel des ressources en eau souterraine sur le pourtour de la Méditerranée. Leur structure et leur fonctionnement sont complexes et mal connus à cause du processus de karstification qui hiérarchise la circulation hydrodynamique en leur sein. La localisation du stockage de l'eau et de ses variations au sein de tels aquifères est difficile à mesurer et à modéliser. Nous utilisons les outils de la géodésie pour apporter de nouvelles contraintes sur le fonctionnement hydrologique et les variations de stock d'eau en milieu karstique. Ainsi, le système karstique du Durzon, (Causse du Larzac, France) fait l'objet d'un suivi par plusieurs méthodes géodésiques incluant: - Des mesures de gravimétrie absolue en trois sites répétées de manière mensuelle ; - Des mesures répétées de gravimétrie relative entre la surface et la profondeur du karst ; - Des mesures répétées de microgravimétrie ; - Des mesures inclinométriques longue base en deux sites. Nous démontrons que le couplage entre la gravimétrie absolue et relative permet d'appréhender les variations de stock d'eau sur le bassin d'alimentation étudié. Les variations inter-anuelles observées sont de l'ordre de 400 mm, et nous montrons que celles-ci s'opèrent dans certaines zones au sein des horizons supérieurs du karst : épikarst et zone d'infiltration. Une forte hétérogénéité spatiale des variations de stockage est aussi mise en évidence à l'échelle du bassin d'alimentation. Les mesures inclinométriques permettent de suivre les phénomènes d'infiltration rapide et lente dans la masse karstique fracturée. Le suivi géodésique de ce système karstique permet d'apprécier quantitativement et de façon intégrée son fonctionnement hydrologique et pourra être transposé pour l'étude d'autres aquifère karstiques.
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Kratochvíl, Richard. "Určení průběhu kvazigeoidu na profilu Velká Bíteš - Uherské Hradiště." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226472.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with use of astronomical-geodetic and gravimetric leveling to calculate quasigeoid profile. The main input data in the calculation are gravimetric vertical deviations on point of profile. The aim of this thesis is the processing and calculating of the profile of relativ quasigeoid with three different methods and then comparing the calculation results with gravimetric quasigeoid and GPS/leveling.
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Wong, Simon Chi-hon. "The effects of locus of control on the computer-assisted learning of gravimetric stoichiometry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26631.
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This study examined the effects of the locus of two computer-assisted instruction (CAI) control strategies over the sequence of instruction and number of practice examples studied on the accuracy and efficiency in the learning of gravimetric stoichiometry of grade 11 chemistry students. The two locus of control strategies were adaptive learner control (ALC) strategy and adaptive program control (APC) strategy. Effects were examined for CAI strategy, pre-requisite knowledge, metacognitive ability, and gender of student. The group working with CAI strategy of the adaptive program control demonstrated better delayed post-test performance, while requiring fewer number of practice examples and thus considerably less learning time than students in adaptive learner control. The interaction of gender by locus of control strategy was significant, in that male student achieved slightly more under ALC than APC and female subjects did significantly better under APC than ALC.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Jackson, Angela. "Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of electroactive polymer films in gravimetric and viscoelastic regimes." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30059.
Full textAbstract:
Under rigid film conditions the Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) acts as a gravimetric probe for mass changes occurring during electroactive film redox switching. The sensitivity of the technique allows one to monitor redox driven population changes of both ion and solvent between an electroactive film and its bathing solution. The interpretation of EQCM data to date has mainly been of a qualitative nature. The approach taken here is a quantitative one and attempts to provide kinetic information (rate constants) for specific electro(chemical) steps. The model to be considered is an electroactive redox polymer under permselective conditions. A new 3D vector (U) representation is developed to describe the redox and compositional state of a system in terms of injected electronic charge (Q), potential (E) and a mobile species population parameter (E), which can be calculated from film mass changes (AM). Poly(vinylferrocene) is then used as a model system to validate the methodology. The kinetics of redox switching of poly(vinylferrocene) are analysed using cyclic voltammetry and quantitative data is extracted from the relative fluxes of water and counter ion during the redox cycle. Solvent populations are extracted from the data and a new theoretical model shows solvent activity parameter effects (polymer/solvent interactions) are evident during redox switching. Crystal impedance spectra provide a diagnostic for rigid vs. viscoelastic film behaviour. The evolution from gravimetric to viscoelastic responses of poly(3-methylthiophene)-loaded thickness shear mode resonators was investigated. The relationship between ion and solvent populations (composition) and shear moduli (dynamics) was explored. Extraction of viscoelastic film characteristics, i.e. shear modulus, film thickness and film density is achieved by equivalent circuit modelling. The problem of the uniqueness of fit is tackled by a new approach in which impedance and coulometric data from the acoustically thin regime define a solvent swelling factor. Extrapolation into the acoustically thick regime using the solvent swelling factor defines the film thickness and film density. The method is validated using crystal impedance data for poly(3-methylthiophene) films exposed to propylene carbonate.
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Akhtar, Nahid [Verfasser]. "A Multiscale Harmonic Spline Interpolation Method for the Inverse Spheroidal Gravimetric Problem / Nahid Akhtar." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1124365478/34.
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Ssengendo, Ronald. "A height datum for Uganda based on a gravimetric quasigeoid model and GNSS/levelling." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172547.
Full textAbstract:
This study is devoted to the determination of a high resolution gravimetric geoid model for Uganda based on the optimal combination of terrestrial and satellite gravity anomalies using the method of Least Squares Modification of Stokes’ formula with additive corrections. Specifically the study investigates the current status of the existing Uganda Vertical Network relative to the requirements of a modern height datum and includes a detailed evaluation and validation of terrestrial gravity data, several digital elevation models and some recent global geopotential models. Finally a new height datum based on a gravimetric quasigeoid model and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)/levelling is proposed. In this thesis, the Uganda Gravimetric Geoid Model 2014 (UGG2014) is computed from several datasets which, include 7839 terrestrial gravity data points from the International Gravimetric Bureau, the 3 arc second Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model and a recent Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer-only global geopotential model. To compensate for the missing gravity data in the target area, the surface gravity anomalies extracted from the World Gravity Map 2012 were used. Outliers in the terrestrial gravity data were detected using the cross-validation technique which, also estimated the accuracy of the remaining terrestrial gravity data as 9 mGal. Based on 12 GNSS/levelling data points distributed over Uganda, the root mean square fit of UGG2014 before and after the 4-parameter fit is 16 cm and 9 cm, respectively. The study has revealed that the heights of the Uganda Vertical Network are normal-orthometric heights for which the quasigeoid is the closest approximation to the zero reference surface. Consequently, the Uganda Gravimetric Quasigeoid Model 2014 (UGQ2014) was derived from the UGG2014 with the quasigeoid-geoid separation computed from the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 complete to degree/order 2160 of spherical harmonics. The root mean square fit of UGQ2014 versus GNSS/levelling is 15 cm and 8 cm before and after the 4-parameter fit, respectively, which shows that the quasigeoid model fits GNSS/levelling better than the geoid model. Thus a new height datum based on UGQ2014 and GNSS/levelling was determined as a practical solution to the determination of heights directly from GNSS. Evaluated with 4 independent GNSS/levelling points, the root mean square fit of the new height datum is 5 cm better than using the quasigeoid model alone. With an average parts-per-million of 29 in the relative test, the new height datum satisfies the precision and accuracy requirements of third order precise levelling. Overall, the results show that UGG2014 and UGQ2014 agree considerably better with GNSS/levelling than any other recent regional/global gravimetric geoid models. Therefore, both gravimetric solutions are a significant step forward in the modelling of a “1-cm geoid” over Uganda given the poor quality and quantity of the terrestrial gravity data used for computation.QC 20150831