Academic literature on the topic 'Gravimetric sensors'

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Journal articles on the topic "Gravimetric sensors"

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Sui, Ruixiu, Horace C. Pringle, and Edward M. Barnes. "Soil Moisture Sensor Test with Mississippi Delta Soils." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 2 (2019): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12886.

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Abstract. One of the methods for irrigation scheduling is to use sensors to measure the soil moisture level in the plant root zone and apply water if there is a water shortage for the plants. The measurement accuracy and reliability of the soil moisture sensors are critical for sensor-based irrigation management. This study evaluated the measurement accuracy and repeatability of the EC-5 and 5TM soil volumetric water content (SVWC) sensors, the MPS-2 and 200SS soil water potential (SWP) sensors, and the 200TS soil temperature sensor. Six 183 cm × 183 cm × 71 cm wooden compartments were built inside a greenhouse, and each compartment was filled with one type of soil from the Mississippi Delta. A total of 66 sensors with 18 data loggers were installed in the soil compartments to measure SVWC, SWP, and soil temperature. Soil samples were periodically collected from the compartments to determine SVWC using the gravimetric method. SVWC measured by the sensors was compared with that determined by the gravimetric method. The SVWC readings from the sensors had a linear regression relationship with the gravimetric SVWC (r2 = 0.82). This relationship was used to calibrate the sensor readings. The SVWC and SWP sensors could detect the general trend of soil moisture changes. However, their measurements varied significantly among the sensors. To obtain accurate absolute soil moisture measurements, the sensors require individual and soil-specific calibration. The 5TM, MPS-2, and 200TS sensors performed well in soil temperature measurement tests. Individual temperature readings from these sensors were very close to the mean of all sensor readings. Keywords: Irrigation, Sensors, Soil types, Soil water content, Soil water potential.
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Krasnov, A. A., A. V. Sokolov, M. I. Evstifeev, I. M. Starosel’tseva, L. S. Elinson, L. K. Zheleznyak, and V. N. Koneshov. "A New Generation of Gravimetric Sensors." Measurement Techniques 57, no. 9 (December 2014): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-014-0567-0.

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Oprea, Alexandru, and Udo Weimar. "Gas sensors based on mass-sensitive transducers. Part 2: Improving the sensors towards practical application." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, no. 25 (July 31, 2020): 6707–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02627-3.

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Abstract Within the framework outlined in the first part of the review, the second part addresses attempts to increase receptor material performance through the use of sensor systems and chemometric methods, in conjunction with receptor preparation methods and sensor-specific tasks. Conclusions are then drawn, and development perspectives for gravimetric sensors are discussed.
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Zheng, Zhou, Guodong Zhang, Xiaomin Wang, and Xu Kong. "Comparative Study of Gravimetric Humidity Sensor Platforms Based on CMUT and QCM." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101651.

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Humidity sensors with comprehensive performance are of great interest for industrial and environmental applications. Most sensors, however, have to compromise on at least one characteristic such as sensitivity, response speed, and linearity. This paper reports a gravimetric humidity sensor based on a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) with exceptional all-around performance, and presents a side-by-side comparative investigation of two types of gravimetric humidity sensors for a better understanding of their characteristics and sensing mechanisms. For these purposes, a circular CMUT and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with a resonance frequency of 10 MHz were designed and fabricated. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was employed as the humidity sensing layer for its hydrophilicity and ease of film formation. The electrical properties of the sensors, including the electrical input impedances and quality factors, were characterized by a vector network analyzer. The relative humidity (RH) sensing performance of the sensors was evaluated and compared from RH levels of 11% to 97%. Both sensors exhibited good repeatability and low hysteresis. The unique microscale resonant structure of the CMUT humidity sensor contributed to a high sensitivity of 2.01 kHz/%RH, short response and recovery times of 8 s and 3 s, respectively, and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.973), which were far superior to their QCM counterparts. The underlying mechanism was revealed and discussed.
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Park, Donggeun, Geon-Woo Yoo, Seong-Ho Park, and Jong-Hyeon Lee. "Assessment and Calibration of a Low-Cost PM2.5 Sensor Using Machine Learning (HybridLSTM Neural Network): Feasibility Study to Build an Air Quality Monitoring System." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101306.

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Commercially available low-cost air quality sensors have low accuracy. The improved accuracy of low-cost PM2.5 sensors allows the use of low-cost sensor systems to reasonably investigate PM2.5 emissions from industrial activities or to accurately estimate individual exposure to PM2.5. In this work, we developed a new PM2.5 calibration model (HybridLSTM) by combining a deep neural network (DNN) optimized in calibration problems and a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network optimized in time-dependent characteristics to improve the performance of conventional calibration algorithms of low-cost PM sensors. The PM2.5 concentrations, temperature and humidity by low-cost sensors and gravimetric-based PM2.5 measuring instrument were sampled for a sufficiently long time. The proposed model was compared with benchmarks (multiple linear regression model (MLR), DNN model) and low-cost sensor results. The gravimetric measurements were used as reference data to evaluate sensor accuracy. For root-mean-square error (RMSE) for PM2.5 concentrations, the proposed model reduced 41–60% of error when compared with the raw data of low-cost sensors, reduced 30–51% of error when compared with the MLR model and reduced 8–40% of error when compared with the MLR model. R2 of HybridLSTM, DNN, MLR and raw data were 93, 90, 80 and 59%, respectively. HybridLSTM showed the state-of-the-art calibration performance for a low-cost PM sensor. In other words, the proposed ML model has state-of-the-art calibration performance among the tested calibration algorithms.
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M. Siqueira, Jucilene, Teresa A. Paço, José Machado da Silva, and José C. Silvestre. "Biot-Granier Sensor: A Novel Strategy to Measuring Sap Flow in Trees." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123538.

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The Biot-Granier (Gbt) is a new thermal dissipation-based sap flow measurement methodology, comprising sensors, data management and automatic data processing. It relies on the conventional Granier (Gcv) methodology upgraded with a modified Granier sensor set, as well as on an algorithm to measure the absolute temperatures in the two observation points and perform the Biot number approach. The work described herein addresses the construction details of the Gbt sensors and the characterization of the overall performance of the Gbt method after comparison with a commercial sap flow sensor and independent data (i.e., volumetric water content, vapor pressure deficit and eddy covariance technique). Its performance was evaluated in three trials: potted olive trees in a greenhouse and two vineyards. The trial with olive trees in a greenhouse showed that the transpiration measures provided by the Gbt sensors showed better agreement with the gravimetric approach, compared to those provided by the Gcv sensors. These tended to overestimate sap flow rates as much as 4 times, while Gbt sensors overestimated gravimetric values 1.5 times. The adjustments based on the Biot equations obtained with Gbt sensors contribute to reduce the overestimates yielded by the conventional approach. On the other hand, the heating capacity of the Gbt sensor provided a minimum of around 7 °C and maximum about 9 °C, contrasting with a minimum around 6 °C and a maximum of 12 °C given by the Gcv sensors. The positioning of the temperature sensor on the tip of the sap flow needle proposed in the Gbt sensors, closer to the sap measurement spot, allow to capture sap induced temperature variations more accurately. This explains the higher resolution and sensitivity of the Gbt sensor. Overall, the alternative Biot approach showed a significant improvement in sap flow estimations, contributing to adjust the Granier sap flow index, a vulnerability of that methodology.
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El Sabahy, Julien, Florence Ricoul, and Vincent Jousseaume. "Porous SiOCH thin films for gravimetric gas sensors." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 330 (January 2022): 111560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111560.

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Wang, Z., J. D. N. Cheeke, and C. K. Jen. "Sensitivity analysis for Love mode acoustic gravimetric sensors." Applied Physics Letters 64, no. 22 (May 30, 1994): 2940–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111976.

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Loergen, J. W., C. Kreutz, J. Bargon, P. Krattiger, and H. Wennemers. "Diketopiperazine receptors: highly selective layers for gravimetric sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 107, no. 1 (May 2005): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2004.10.028.

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Fanget, S., S. Hentz, P. Puget, J. Arcamone, M. Matheron, E. Colinet, P. Andreucci, L. Duraffourg, Ed Myers, and M. L. Roukes. "Gas sensors based on gravimetric detection—A review." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 160, no. 1 (December 2011): 804–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.08.066.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gravimetric sensors"

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Lattach, Youssef. "Development and characterization of sensing layers based on molecularly imprinted conducting polymers for the electrochemical and gravimetrical detection of small organic molecules." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699628.

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In the field of chemical and biological sensors, the increased need for better sensitivity, faster response and higher selectivity during an analysis process, requires the development of more and more efficient transducing sensing layers. In this context, and with the aim to detect small non-electroactive molecules, such as atrazine (ATZ), we designed, characterized and developed sensing layers constituted by functionalized Molecularly Imprinted Conducting Polymers (MICP) and we integrated them into electrochemical and gravimetrical sensors. Starting from acetonitrile pre-polymerization media containing ATZ as template molecules in the presence of thiophene-based functional monomers (FM, namely TMA, TAA, EDOT, TMeOH or Th), differently functionalized and structurally different polythiophene-based FM-MICP films were electrosynthesized onto gold substrates and used for ATZ detection. The sensing properties of FM-MICP layers were shown to result from the presence in their backbones of pre-shaped FM-functionalized imprinted cavities which keep the memory of the targets. Nevertheless, non-specific adsorption onto the surface of the sensing layers takes place systematically, which affects the selectivity of the recognition process. Thanks to surface characterization techniques, we highlighted the influence of the thickness and of the structural properties of the layers on the efficiency of the recognition process. Besides, this latter was shown to operate in the bulk of the polymer matrixes thanks to layers porosity. On another hand, electrochemical measurements correlated with semi-empirical calculations demonstrated the influence of the nature of FM on the strength of the ATZ-FM interaction in the pre-polymerization medium, and then on the number of ATZ molecular imprints and on the sensitivity towards ATZ of the FM-MICP layers. We showed that TAA-MICP, which presents a low limit of detection (10-9 mol L-1) and a large dynamic range (10-8 to 10-4 mol L-1), is the best sensing layer since it offers the best compromise between high level of specific detection of ATZ and low level of non-specific adsorption. Finally, TAA-MICP was used as sensitive layer in an original Electrochemical Surface Acoustic Wave sensor (ESAW) which enabled simultaneous coupled gravimetric and electrochemical measurements.
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Senger, Alexander. "A mobile atom interferometer for high-precision measurements of local gravity." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16449.

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Eine Reihe fundamentaler Problemstellungen setzt die genaue Kenntnis der Erdbeschleunigung g voraus, z.B. die Neudefinition des Kilogramms im laufenden Watt-Waage-Projekt. Des Weiteren sind Gravitationsmessungen ein herausragendes Werkzeug der geophysikalischen Forschung, machen sie doch Phänomene vom oberen Erdreich bis hinab in den Erdkern zugänglich. Für Absolutmessungen geeignete Quanten-Sensoren mit höchster Präzision sind deshalb Gegenstand aktueller Entwicklungen. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Planung und Implementierung eines solchen Sensors, der für eine überlegene absolute Genauigkeit von fünf Teilen in 10^10, zu erreichen in Messungen von 24 h, ausgelegt ist. Ein Merkmal, das dieses Instrument vor früheren Entwicklungen auszeichnet, ist seine Mobilität, die Anwendungen im Feld sowie Vergleichsmessungen mit anderen Gravimetern ermöglicht. Die quantenmechanische Wellennatur von (Rubidium-) Atomen wird genutzt, um durch kohärente Teilung, Reflexion und Wiedervereinigung der sie konstituierenden Wellenpakete mit Hilfe von Lichtpulsen ein Materiewelleninterferometer darzustellen. Auf ein Ensemble lasergekühlter Atome im freien Fall angewandt, kann deren Empfindlichkeit auf Inertialkräfte genutzt werden, um hochsensible Messungen der auftretenden Beschleunigungen zu erreichen. Eine Messpräzision von 160 nm s^(-2) / sqrt(Hz) wird demonstriert, die ausreicht, um g in 15 h mit einer statistischen Ungewissheit von 0.8 nm s^(-2) zu bestimmen; dies ist um einen Faktor acht besser, als mit den besten klassischen Absolutgravimetern üblich. Ein Vergleich mit dem Deutschen Schweregrundnetz ergibt eine Abweichung von 260 nm s^(-2) bei einer Ungewissheit von 520 nm s^(-2) in den systematischen Einflüssen. Deren wahrscheinliche Ursachen sowie geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen werden identifiziert.
Precise measurements of Earth''s gravitational acceleration $g$ are important for a range of fundamental problems - e.g. the Watt balance as an approach for a new definition of the kilogram - and a great tool to investigate geophysical phenomena reaching from the topmost layers of soil to the very core of our planet. Recently, research efforts have been made to develop dedicated quantum sensors capable of such measurements with very high precision and accuracy. This thesis describes the design and implementation of such a sensor, aiming at a superior accuracy of 0.5 ppb, resolvable in measurements of 24 h. A feature distinguishing this device from previous work is its mobility, allowing for comparison with other state-of-the-art instruments, and for applications in field use in various locations. Rubidium atoms are laser-cooled and launched on a free-fall trajectory. Exploiting the wave nature of quantum particles, coherent manipulation with light pulses is used to split, reflect and recombine the atoms'' wave-packets. The resulting matter-wave interferometer is highly susceptible to inertial forces and allows for sensitive measurements of accelerations. Inertial sensing with a precision of 160 nm s^(-2) / sqrt(Hz) was demonstrated, resulting in a measurement of g with a statistical uncertainty of 0.8 nm s^(-2) in 15 h, surpassing a conventional state-of-the-art absolute gravimeter by a factor of eight. Comparison with the German gravity reference net revealed a discrepancy of 260 nm s^(-2), well covered by the combined systematic uncertainties of 520 nm s^(-2). Likely causes for this deviation are identified and suitable countermeasures are proposed.
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Francis, Laurent A. "Thin film acoustic waveguides and resonators for gravimetric sensing applications in liquid." Université catholique de Louvain, 2006. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-01272006-113333/.

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The fields of health care and environment control have an increasing demand for sensors able to detect low concentrations of specific molecules in gaseous or liquid samples. The recent introduction of microfabricated devices in these fields gave rise to sensors with attractive properties. A cutting edge technology is based on guided acoustic waves, which are perturbed by events occurring at the nanometer scale. A first part of the thesis investigates the Love mode waveguide, a versatile structure in which a thin film is guiding the acoustic wave generated in a piezoelectric substrate. A systematic analysis of its sensitivity was obtained using a transmission line model generalized to discriminate the rigid or viscous nature of the probed layers. We developed a novel integrated combination of the Love mode device with a Surface Plasmon Resonance optical sensor to quantify the thickness and the composition of soft layers. The electromagnetic interferences in the recorded signal were modeled to determine the phase velocity in the sensing area and to provide new mechanisms for an enhanced sensitivity. The experimental aspects of this work deal with the fabrication, the important issue of the packaging and the sensitivity calibration of the Love mode biosensor. A second part of the thesis investigates nanocrystalline diamond under the form of a thin film membrane suspended to a rigid silicon frame. The high mechanical and chemical resistance of nanocrystalline diamond, close to single-crystal diamond, open ways to membrane based acoustic sensors such as Flexural Plate Wave and thin Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators (FBAR). A novel dynamic characterization of the thin film is reported and the properties of composite FBAR devices including a diamond thin film membrane and a piezoelectric aluminum nitride layer are assessed using the perturbation theory. This study is applied to evaluate the high sensing potential of the first prototype of an actual diamond-based composite FBAR.
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Freier, Christian. "Atom interferometry at geodetic observatories." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17795.

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Das gravimetrische Atominterferometer (GAIN) ist ein transportables Atominterferometer welches spezifisch für hochpräzise Schweremessungen in der Geodäsie und Geophysik entwickelt wurde. Es basiert auf einer Rubidium Atomfontäne, stimulierten Ramanübergängen und einer 3-Puls Mach-Zehnder Interferometriesequenz. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Optimierung und Anwendung von GAIN als transportables Gravimeter für Absolutschweremessungen an geodätischen Observatorien welche über den aktuellen Stand der Technik hinaus gehen. Dabei wurden eine Absolutgenauigkiet von 29 nm/s^2, eine Langzeitstabilität von 0.4 nm/s^2 sowie eine Sensitivität von 82 nm/s^2 in einer Sekunde erreicht. Die gemessene Genauigkeit und Langzeitstabilität stellen, nach dem Wissen des Authors, die bis heute besten publizierten Werte für ein transportablen Atominterferometer dar und repräsentieren einen bedeutenden Fortschritt im Bereich der Gravimetrie. Um dies zu erreichen wurden umfangreiche Verbesserungen am Gerät umgesetzt und eine ausführliche Analyse der systematischen Messabweichungen durchgeführt. Unter anderem wurden ein System zur Kompensation von Corioliskräften und Ausrichtungsfehlern, ein verbessertes Schwingungsisolationssystem zur nachträglichen Korrektur von Umgebungsvibrationen und eine magnetische Abschirmung instrumenteller Streufelder implementiert. Darüber hinaus wurden insgesamt vier Messkampagnen in Berlin, sowie an den geodätischen Observatorien in Wettzell, Deutschland und Onsala, Schweden durchgeführt, um GAIN mit anderen hochmodernen Absolut- und Relativgravimetern zu vergleichen. Der direkte Vergleich zwischen GAIN und anderen Gravimetern stellt den prinzipbedingten Vorteil der Atominterferometrie durch die Kombination aus Absolutgenauigkeit, Stabilität und Langzeitbetrieb klar hervor. Dies wurde in der Arbeit durch die um einen Faktor 2-5 verbesserte Kalibrierung des Skalenfaktor von zwei supraleitenden Gravimetern demonstriert.
The gravimetric atom interferometer (GAIN) is a transportable setup which was specifically designed to perform high-precision gravity measurements at sites of interest for geodesy or geophysics. It is based on a Rb atomic fountain, stimulated Raman transitions and a three-pulse Mach-Zehnder atom interferometry sequence. The presented work is concerned with the optimization and application of GAIN as a transportable gravimeter in order to perform gravity measurements beyond the state-of-the-art. An absolute accuracy of 29 nm/s^2, long-term stability of 0.4 nm/s^2 and short-term noise level as low as 82 nm/s^2 in one second was achieved. The obtained long-term stability and accuracy values are, to the knowledge of the author, the best published performance of any transportable atom interferometer to date and represent a significant advancement in the field of gravimetry. A comprehensive analysis of the systematic error budget was performed to improve the accuracy and stability of the measured gravity value. Several setup improvements were implemented to this end, including Coriolis force and alignment control systems, an improved vibration isolator with post-correction and magnetic shielding which reduces spurious coupling due to stray fields. Measurement campaigns were conducted in Berlin and at geodetic observatories in Wettzell, Germany, and Onsala, Sweden, in order to compare GAIN to other state-of-the-art absolute and relative gravimeters. The direct comparison of GAIN to other absolute and relative gravimeters shows the general advantage of atom interferometers due to their unique combination of absolute accuracy, stability and robust architecture enabling continuous measurements. This was demonstrated during the presented campaigns by the improvement of the scale factor calibration of two superconducting gravimeters by a factor 2 to 5 using GAIN data.
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Feil, Norton Ferreira. "Estudo tecnológico para beneficiamento do carvão da camada Bonito, SC." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61158.

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O carvão da camada Barro Branco, situado na região sul do estado de Santa Catarina, tem sido amplamente estudado e utilizado, apresentando por esta razão reduzidas reservas. O carvão remanescente da camada Bonito na mesma região é menos conhecido e caracteriza-se pelo alto teor de cinzas e pela alta percentagem de partículas com densidade próxima a do concentrado. Esta peculiaridade torna difícil o seu tratamento nas usinas de beneficiamento atuais, que utilizam jigues para esta finalidade. Os requisitos técnicos do combustível (carvão) exigidos pelas usinas do Complexo Termelétrico Jorge Lacerda, seu maior cliente, são teores de cinzas e enxofre total <43% e ≤2,3%, respectivamente. Algumas Carboníferas locais estão estudando outros processos de beneficiamento para o carvão, embora a maioria das que ainda mantêm jigue como o principal equipamento de tratamento não produza o carvão com as características exigidas pelo mercado. Este trabalho pesquisa outras rotas e melhorias para o tratamento do carvão em questão. Processamentos a seco e testes hidráulicos (jigagem) foram conduzidos na Alemanha para este objetivo. Na seqüência, testes utilizando dois intervalos granulométricos foram realizados em jigue processado por batelada para estudo da influência da freqüência de pulsação, amplitude e espessura do leito na segregação das frações de carvão, a fim de otimizar a operação de jigagem. Ao final, confirma-se que os resultados do processamento do carvão ROM nas freqüências específicas de 88 min-1 e 64 min-1 para as frações 16 mm x 6,3 mm e 6,3 mm x 2 mm, nesta ordem e com a espessura de leito em torno de 125 mm produz carvão com teores de cinzas e enxofre em torno de 43% e 2%, respectivamente e rendimento mássico de 28%. Se somados à fração 2 mm x 0,1 mm, tratada em espirais, o teor médio de enxofre mantém-se em 2% e o teor de cinzas e rendimento mássico do produto final alcançam os respectivos valores de 43,3% e 34%, embora os testes tenham sido conduzidos em laboratório.
The coal from Barro Branco seam, which is widely used, is situated in the southern Brazil, State of Santa Catarina, and it is reaching depletion. The remaining coal from Bonito seam in the same region is less known and is characterized by the high percentage of near-gravity material and ash content. This peculiarity makes it difficult to treat in the current processing plants, which use jigs for this purpose. This product should have <43% of ash content and ≤2.3% of sulfur content for supplying Jorge Lacerda‟s thermal electric power plant, which uses coal as combustible. A few local coal companies are testing the dense medium process for coal beneficiation, although most of them that still maintain jigs as the main cleaning equipment do not produce the coal required by the market. This study was carried out to investigate other routes and improvements for coal cleaning. Dry processing and jigging tests were conducted in Germany for this purpose. Dry processing was done using an X-ray sorter. Tests were also performed using a batch jig to study the influence of jig frequency, amplitude and bed thickness on the separation of two coal fractions. It was found that the processing of the ROM coal in the specific frequencies of 88 min-1 and 64 min-1 to respective intervals 16 mm x 6.3 mm and 6.3 mm x 2 mm, in a bed thickness around 125 mm, produces a coal with ash content and sulfur content about 43% and 2%, respectively and 28% mass yield. If added to size fraction 2 mm x 0.1 mm, treated in spirals, the average sulfur content remains at 2%, ash content and mass yield of the final product reach the respective values of 43.3% and 34%, although the tests have been handled in laboratory.
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Barone, Marcelo Aiolfi. "Análise experimental sobre a utilização de sensores infravermelhos em provadores de vazão de fluidos claros." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6231.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:08:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Aiolfi Barone - cap 00 - 01 - 02 - 03 - 04.pdf: 1483841 bytes, checksum: f4e05e25d485e179dfceea82acfc06b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-29
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Este trabalho utiliza um protótipo de escala laboratorial do medidor primário pipe prover de modo a avaliar a sua conformidade com os requisitos estabelecidos por normas técnicas e examinar a incerteza da medição da vazão realizados, além de verificar a reprodutibilidade das medições, testes com esferas de diferentes diâmetros, a influência de parâmetros operacionais tais como a variação da pressão de operação e comparação com o teste gravimétrico. O protótipo é feito de tubos plástico com dimensões definidas estatisticamente. Dentro do tubo, uma esfera de elastômero interferente é impulsionada por um escoamento fornecido por uma bomba centrífuga. O sistema de detecção usa sensores de luz infravermelha capaz de detectar a passagem das esferas sem causar interferência ou bloqueio na tubulação. O sistema de aquisição de dados é automático e registra o tempo de trânsito da esfera através de cada pulso de sinal detectado bem como os pulsos gerados por um medidor calibrado tipo turbina, como comparação da avaliação das incertezas de processo utilizando o desempenho da técnica dos sensores infravermelhos
The work uses a laboratory scaled prototype of primary pipe prover flowmeter in order to assess conformity with the requirements established by technical standards and examine the uncertainties of flow measurement performed, besides to check the reproducibility of measurements, tests with spheres of different diameters, the influence of operating parameters such as operating pressure variation and comparison with gravimetric test. The prototype is plastic tubing and considering statically defined dimensions. Inside tubing, an interfering elastomer sphere is driven by flow provided by a centrifugal pump. The detection system uses infrared light sensors able to detect the spheres passage causing pipeline interference or blockage. The acquisition data system is automatic and records the sphere transit time through each pulse signal detected as well as the pulses generated by a calibrated turbine meter, as comparison of the evaluation of process uncertainties using the technique performance with infrared sensors
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Grall, Simon. "Microcapteurs de particules à base de micropoutres pour le contrôle de la qualité de l'air dans un véhicule automobile." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0038/document.

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Les particules fines ont un impact réel sur la qualité de vie et la santé de millions de personnes dans les grandes zones urbaines, notamment en Asie. Pour les détecter et quantifier leur concentration, les capteurs de particules optiques sont les plus couramment étudiés, mais restent relativement chers et volumineux. Les transducteurs MEMS micropoutres sont largement utilisés pour des applications gravimétriques, pour la détection de particules ou de gaz, ce qui requiert des sensibilités massiques (Sm) élevées et des limites de détection (LOD) basses. Pour cela les micropoutres les plus adaptées sont celles ayant des fréquences de résonance (f0) et facteurs de qualité (Q) élevés, avec de faibles bruits de mesure et des masses faibles. Les micropoutres silicium sont couramment utilisées en tant que capteurs gravimétriques et sont de sérieux candidats pour répondre aux caractéristiques souhaitées. Cependant, la sérigraphie a le potentiel pour une fabrication moins chère, plus rapide et aussi à grande échelle. Pour ces micropoutres, l'actionnement et la lecture de f0 sont possibles par effet piézoélectrique. Bien qu'il existe des solutions inorganiques prometteuses sans plomb, les céramiques de titano-zirconate de plomb (PZT) possèdent encore les meilleures propriétés parmi les matériaux piézoélectriques. Des micropoutres fabriquées en technologie hybride couches épaisses sérigraphiées, à actionnement et lecture piézoélectriques intégrés, libérées à l'aide d'une couche sacrificielle polyester et avec co-cuisson de toutes les couches pour leurs libérations sont présentées ici. Différentes géométries ont été testées de 1 mm à 2 mm de large et de 1 mm à 8 mm de long, pour une épaisseur d'environ 100 μm. Une masse volumique ρ PZT = 7200 kg/m³ a été obtenue (≈ 93%ρ PZT massif). Enfin, avec une micropoutre 1×2×0,1 mm³, une sensibilité Sm ≈ 85 Hz/μm et une LOD de 70 ng ont été trouvées, permettant des applications en détection de particules
Fine particulate matters (PM) have a real impact on the quality of life and health of millions of people in large urban areas, especially in Asia. In order to detect them and quantify their concentration, optical PM sensors are the most widely studied, but remain relatively expensive and bulky. MEMS microcantilever transducers are widely used for gravimetric applications, for PM or gas detection, which requires high mass sensitivities (Sm) and low limits of detection (LOD). A solution is to focus on microcantilevers with high resonance frequencies (f0) and quality factors (Q), low measurement noise and low masses. Silicon microcantilevers are commonly used as gravimetric sensors and are serious candidates to meet the desired characteristics. However, screen printing has the potential for cheaper, faster and large scale manufacturing. Such microcantilevers can be actuated and f0 read-out using the piezoelectric effect. Although promising lead-free inorganic solutions exist, titanium lead zirconate (PZT) ceramics still have the best properties among piezoelectric materials. Screen-printed microcantilevers manufactured in hybrid thick-film technology, with integrated piezoelectric actuation and read-out, released using a polyester sacrificial layer and with co-firing of all the layers are presented here. Different geometries were tested from 1 mm to 2 mm wide and from 1 mm to 8 mm long, for a thickness of about 100 μm. A density ρ PZT = 7200 kg/m³ (≈ 93%ρ PZT bulk) was obtained. With a 1×2×0.1 mm³ microcantilever, a sensitivity Sm ≈ 85 Hz/μm and a LOD of 70 ng were found, compatible with applications in PM mass detection
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Silva, Ilda de Oliveira. "Desenvolvimento de um sensor capacitivo para o monitoramento de umidade do solo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18606.

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SILVA, Ilda de Oliveira. Desenvolvimento de um sensor capacitivo para o monitoramento de umidade do solo. 2006. 85 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2006.
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The development of a capacitive sensor based on dielectric characteristics of soil was carried through this work. The sensor was designed as a probe. A fiberglass circuit board was chosen to simulate a parallel plate capacitor. To simulate a capacitor with characteristics similar to the ones commercially sold, within electrical isolation, the plates were isolated by varnish of the type used for isolation of car engines. A value of 106 W of the insulation was measured by a multimeter. The sensor was part of an oscillator RC provided by an integrated circuit to perform the oscillator, the 74LS122 a multivibrating oscillator which gave better responses. The RC circuit output was the input of a frequency divider. The IC TC4040 and HEF4040 both similar counters were used in order to verify the output wave forms. The second one provided a uniform and square waveform, although the first one provided an output waveform tending to triangular. The circuit was printed on the plate of the sensor in order to minimize the influence inherent wire capacitance. The data acquisition, monitoring and the probe calibration had been acquired daily, four times a day and with three readings for sixty three days. The temperature also was monitored this way for both systems. The first one installed in a 2" PVC pipe filled with air dry soil, the water drainage was monitored by weighting. In another system had been installed three sensors in a box full filled by humid soil. The calibration of the sensor was supplied by the strain gage. The time response was obtained using the PVC system, whose water was drained, the soil submitted to saturation again and data were acquired by a microprocessor-based system of data acquisition supplying an output of seconds. The factors that had influenced the sensor output had been evaluated, concluding that the temperature influences however not in so significant way as moistures. The moisture significance levels had been of up to 0,01 % contrasting with the ones of the temperature 7 %. This was valid for all the sensors and also strain gage. The statistical models that more fitted the sensors output were the multiple regression followed by the polynomial regression.
O objetivo do trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um sensor capacitivo de umidade e a calibração do mesmo utilizando o método gravimétrico e a célula de carga. Para simular um capacitor com características próximas às dos comercialmente vendidos, isolaram-se as placas com verniz bi-componente, do tipo utilizado para isolamento de motores de carro. A isolação alcançada, medida pelo multímetro, foi da ordem de 106 W. O sensor fez parte de um oscilador RC implementado utilizando-se o circuito integrado (CI) 74LS122 como “multivibrador”. A saída do circuito RC foi inserida em um divisor de freqüência. Foi feito uso do contador de pulsos TC4040 e de um similar HEF4040, a fim de verificar as respectivas formas de onda de saída. O segundo apresentou uma resposta mais uniforme e a forma de onda quadrada, já o primeiro apresentou uma forma de onda de saída um pouco discrepante, tendendo para uma onda triangular, mas não uniformemente. O circuito foi instalado na placa do sensor com o intuito de minimizar a influência da capacitância inerente aos cabos. O monitoramento dos dados e a calibração do sensor foram efetuados durante sessenta e três dias, sendo verificados quatro vezes ao dia e com três leituras. A temperatura foi também monitorada dessa forma. Para tal, foram empregados dois sistemas. O primeiro foi instalado em um tubo de PVC de 2", contendo solo seco ao ar posteriormente saturado, e monitorou-se a drenagem de água por meio da pesagem em uma balança de precisão. No segundo sistema, foram instalados três sensores em uma caixa contendo solo úmido e a calibração do sensor foi obtida por intermédio da célula de carga. O tempo de resposta foi conseguido usando o sistema de PVC, cuja água foi drenada; efetuou-se novamente a saturação do sistema com água, e verificou-se com um sistema de aquisição de dados a resposta do sensor, que foi da ordem de segundos. Os fatores que influenciaram a resposta do sensor foram avaliados, concluindo-se que a temperatura influencia, porém não de maneira tão significativa quanto a umidade do solo. Os níveis de significância para a umidade foram de até 0,01 % contrastando com os da temperatura de somente 7 %. Válido para todos os sensores, inclusive a célula de carga. O modelo estatístico que mais se adequou à resposta dos sensores foi a regressão múltipla polinomial.
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Rugenski, André. "Investigação geofísica dos complexos alcalinos do sul e sudeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14132/tde-26032013-093128/.

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Os complexos alcalinos de forma geral geralmente apresentam trabalhos de cunho geológico. Raramente são apresentados estudos que englobam vários complexos alcalinos. Almeida e Ulbrich são autores que conseguiram realizar o estudo de vários complexos do ponto de vista tectônico e petrográfico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, do ponto de vista geofísico, vários complexos alcalinos. Como o número de complexos localizados no Brasil é enorme, houve uma dificuldade em analisar um numero muito grande, haja visto que para analisar os complexos é necessário coletar dados sobre os corpos. Nesse trabalho são apresentados dados gravimétricos e magnéticos sobre 12 complexos alcalinos. Em alguns casos não houve resposta gravimétrica de alguns complexos alcalinos, no entanto o magnético geralmente apresentou resposta, já que a maior parte desses complexos é enriquecido em minerais ferrimagnéticos. Poços de Caldas foi uma exceção não apresentando resposta magnética equivalente aos demais complexos estudados. Alguns parâmetros como massa e volume foram determinados através do modelamento 3D dos dados gravimétricos e magnéticos. A distribuição de massa para cada complexo alcalino modelado indica a tendência de alojamento de cada corpo ao longo de estruturas como falhas, zonas de charneira, arcos, entre outros. Cada complexo foi estudado independentemente formando capítulos independentes.
The alkaline complexes are show in this work, bring of geophysical analyses. Rarely are presented studies that encompass several alkaline complexes. Almeida and Ulbrich are authors who have achieved the study of various complexes of the viewpoint, and tectonic petrographic. This study aimed to analyze several complex using geophysical methods, as well as, gravity, magnetics, radiometric and remote sensor. As the number of complex located in Brazil is enormous, there a difficulty in analyzing a very large number, knowing that to analyze complexes is necessary to collect data on the bodies. In this work are presented on gravity and magnetic data 12 alkaline complexes. In some cases there was no response gravimetric some complexes alkali, but the magnetic usually presented response, since most of these complexes is enriched in minerals ferrimagnetic. Wells Caldas was an exception showing no response magnetic equivalent to the other complexes studied. Some parameters such as mass and volume were determined via 3D modeling of gravity and magnetic data. The mass distribution for each modeled alkaline complex indicates the tendency of each housing body over structures such as faults, zones hinge arches, among others. Each complex was studied independently forming chapters independente.
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10

Truax, Stuart. "A microscale chemical sensor platform for environmental monitoring." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45780.

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The objective of this research is to apply micromachined silicon-based resonant gravimetric sensors to the detection of gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This is done in two primary tasks: 1) the optimization and application of silicon disk resonators to the detection of gas-phase VOCs, and 2) the development and application of a novel gravimetric-capacitive multisensor platform for the detection of gas-phase VOCs. In the rst task, the design and fabrication of a silicon-based disk resonator structure utilizing an in-plane resonance mode is undertaken. The resonance characteristics of the disk resonator are characterized and optimized. The optimized characteristics include the resonator Q-factor as a function of geometric parameters, and the dynamic displacement of the in-plane resonance mode. The Q-factors of the disk resonators range from 2600 to 4360 at atmosphere for disk silicon thicknesses from 7 µm to 18 µm, respectively. The resonance frequency of the in-plane resonance mode ranges from 260 kHz up to 750 kHz. The disk resonators are applied to the sensing of gas-phase VOCs using (poly)isobutylene as a sensitive layer. Limits of detection for benzene, toluene and m-xylene vapors of 5.3 ppm, 1.2 ppm, and 0.6 ppm are respectively obtained. Finally, models for the limits of detection and chemical sensitivity of the resonator structures are developed for the case of the polymer layers used. In the second task, a silicon-based resonator is combined with a capacitive structure to produce a multisensor structure for the sensing of gas-phase VOCs. Fabrication of the multisensor structure is undertaken, and the sensor is theoretically modeled. The baseline capacitance of the capacitor component of the multisensor is estimated to be 170 fF. Finally, initial VOC detection results for the capacitive aspect of the sensor are obtained.
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Books on the topic "Gravimetric sensors"

1

Asch, Günter. Die Registrierung langperiodischer Signale mit geophysikalischen Sensoren hoher Dynamik. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gravimetric sensors"

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Yoda, Minami, Jean-Luc Garden, Olivier Bourgeois, Aeraj Haque, Aloke Kumar, Hans Deyhle, Simone Hieber, et al. "NEMS Gravimetric Sensors." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 1878. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100589.

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Yoda, Minami, Jean-Luc Garden, Olivier Bourgeois, Aeraj Haque, Aloke Kumar, Hans Deyhle, Simone Hieber, et al. "NEMS Gravimetric Chemical Sensors." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 1878. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100588.

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3

Schwarz, K. P., and C. Glennie. "Improving Accuracy and Reliability of Airborne Gravimetry by Multiple Sensor Configurations." In Geodesy on the Move, 11–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72245-5_2.

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4

Neumeyer, Jürgen, and Klaus Hehl. "State-of-the-Art and Future Sensor Technology for Airborne Gravimetry." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 151–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79721-7_16.

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"NEMS Gravimetric Sensors." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 2923. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9780-1_100798.

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Korotcenkov, Ghenadii. "Gravimetric Humidity Sensors." In Handbook of Humidity Measurement, 161–204. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22370-12.

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"NEMS Gravimetric Chemical Sensors." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 2923. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9780-1_100797.

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"29 Chemische Gravimetrie." In Sensor-Technologien, 425–36. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110702040-029.

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HosseiniArani, Alireza, Benjamin Tennstedt, Manuel Schilling, Annike Knabe, Hu Wu, Steffen Schön, and Jürgen Müller. "Kalman-Filter Based Hybridization of Classic and Cold Atom Interferometry Accelerometers for Future Satellite Gravity Missions." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2022_172.

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AbstractProof-of-principle demonstrations have been made for cold atom interferometer (CAI) sensors. Using CAI-based accelerometers in the next generation of satellite gravimetry missions can provide long-term stability and precise measurements of the non-gravitational forces acting on the satellites. This would allow a better understanding of climate change processes and geophysical phenomena which require long-term monitoring of mass variations with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. The proposed accuracy and long-term stability of CAI-based accelerometers appear promising, while there are some major drawbacks in the long dead times and the comparatively small dynamic range of the sensors. One interesting way to handle these limitations is to use a hybridization with a conventional navigation sensor. This study discusses one possible solution to employ measurements of a CAI accelerometer together with a conventional Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) using a Kalman filter framework.A hybrid navigation solution of these two sensors for applications on ground has already been demonstrated in simulations. Here, we adapt this method to a space-based GRACE-like gravimetry mission. A simulation is performed, where the sensitivity of the CAI accelerometer is estimated based on state-of-the-art ground sensors and further published space scenarios. Our results show that the Kalman filter framework can be used to combine the measurements of conventional inertial measurement units with the CAI accelerometers measurements in a way to benefit from the high accuracy of the conventional IMU measurements in higher frequencies together with the high stability of CAI measurements in lower frequencies. We will discuss the challenges, potential solutions, and the possible performance limits of the proposed hybrid accelerometry scenario.
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Pinto, Fabrizio. "Gravimetry by Nanoscale Parametric Amplifiers Driven by Radiation-Induced Dispersion Force Modulation." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2022_179.

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AbstractHere we present early results from lumped-element numerical simulations of a novel class of nano electromechanical systems (NEMS) presently being considered for ground-based gravimetry and future micro accelerometry applications in GPS-denied environments, including spacecraft. The strategy we discuss is based on measuring the effects of non-inertial or gravitational forces on the dynamics of a standard oscillator driven at its resonance frequency by a time-dependent electrostatic potential. In order to substantially enhance the sensitivity of the instrument, the oscillating mass is made to simultaneously interact with a nearby boundary so as to be affected by quantum electrodynamical Casimir forces. Furthermore, unlike previously published proposals, in the design presented herein the Casimir boundary does not oscillate but it is a fixed semiconducting layer. As already demonstrated experimentally, this arrangement enables Casimir force time-modulation by semiconductor back-illumination. Such a design strategy, first suggested by this author as a promising approach to gravitational wave detection in different nano-sensors, allows for the realization of a Casimir force-pumped mechanical parametric amplifier. Such devices can, in principle, yield gains of several orders of magnitude in the mechanical response amplitude over the response from standard unpumped oscillators. The numerical proof-of-concept first presented herein points to a potentially new class of gravimetry products based on exploiting appropriately engineered dispersion forces as an emerging enabling general purpose technology on the nanoscale.
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Conference papers on the topic "Gravimetric sensors"

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Mlcak, Richard, Dharanipal Doppalapudi, Paul Pyzowski, Patrick Gwynne, Scott Purchase, Jeffrey Bridgham, Gerald Schultz, Martin Skelton, David Pelletier, and Harry Tuller. "MEMS-based gravimetric sensors for explosives detection." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ths.2010.5655033.

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Bedair, Sarah S., and Gary K. Fedder. "Polymer Mass Loading of CMOS/MEMS Microslot Cantilever for Gravimetric Sensing." In 2007 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2007.4388614.

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Kao, Ping, Ashish Patwardhan, David Allara, Srinivas Tadigadapa, Jorg Strutwolf, and Damien Arrigan. "Performance of micromachined quartz gravimetric sensors upon electrochemical adsorption of monolayers." In 2008 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2008.4716742.

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Chellasivalingam, Malar, Laxmeesha Somappa, Adam M. Boies, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, and Ashwin A. Seshia. "MEMS Based Gravimetric Sensor for the Detection of Ultra-Fine Aerosol Particles." In 2020 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278870.

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Viens, M., P. C. H. Li, Z. Wang, C. K. Jen, M. Thompson, and J. D. N. Cheeke. "Gravimetric response of the rod acoustic wave sensors." In 1993 IEEE Ultasonics Symposium. IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1993.339468.

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Mahmud, M. M., H. Reese, A. Joshipura, C. Seok, F. Y. Yamaner, M. Daniele, S. Menegatti, and O. Oralkan. "Gravimetric biosensor based on a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer functionalized with peptide ligands." In 2017 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2017.8234352.

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Sokolov, A., and A. Krasnov. "An integrated gravimetric system to measure absolute gravity aboard a moving base." In 2018 DGON Inertial Sensors and Systems (ISS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inertialsensors.2018.8577140.

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Prokaryn, Piotr, Pawel Janus, Jerzy Zajac, Andrzej Sierakowski, Krzysztof Domanski, and Piotr Grabiec. "Gravimetric measurements with use of a cantilever for controlling of electrochemical deposition processes." In 14th International Conference on Optical and Electronic Sensors, edited by Piotr Jasiński. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2245041.

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Mirea, Teona, Marta Clement, Jimena Olivares, Jesus Sangrador, and Enrique Iborra. "Resonant and Antiresonant Frequencies Behavior with Temperature Changes in Gravimetric Sensors." In 2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2018.8579981.

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Gokce, Furkan, Eren Aydin, Mustafa Kangul, Taylan B. Toral, Ozge Zorlu, Ozlem Sardan-Sukas, and Haluk Kulah. "A parylene bonding based fabrication method for gravimetric resonant based mass sensors." In 2017 19th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2017.7994268.

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