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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Graphical technique'
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Templemore-Finlayson, Justin George. "A graphical representation for the formal description technique Estelle." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16139.
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Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation concerns the specification and description of complex communicating systems using Formal Description Techniques. Specifically, we propose a standard graphical representation for the Formal Description Technique Estelle and present a prototype editor based on this representation. Together they integrate the new graphical representation with existing Estelle textual tools to create a powerful graphical design technique for Estelle. The perennial popularity of graphical techniques, combined with recent advances in computer graphics hardware and software which enable their effective application in a computing environment, provide a double impetus for the development of a graphical representation for Estelle. Most importantly, a graphical technique is more easily read and understood by humans, and can better describe the complex structure and inter-relationships of components of concurrent communicating systems. Modern graphical technology also presents a number of opportunities, separate from the specification method, such as hyperlinking, multiple windows and hiding of detail, which enrich the graphical technique. The prototype editor makes use of these opportunities to provide the protocol engineer with an advanced interface which actively supports the protocol design process to improve the quality of design. The editor also implements translations between the graphical representation and the standard Estelle textual representation, on the one hand allowing the graphical interpretation to be applied to existing textual specifications, and on the other, the application of existing text-based processing tools to a graphical specification description.
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Howard, Lee Mont. "Technique and Cue Selection for Graphical Presentation of Generic Hyperdimensional Data." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3271.
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The process of visualizing n-D data presents the user with four problems: finding a hyperdimensional graphics package capable of rendering n-D data, finding a suitable presentation technique supported by the package that allows insight to be gained, using the provided user interface to interact with the presentation technique to explore the information in the data, and finding a way to share the information gained with others. Many graphics packages have been written to solve the first problem. However, existing packages do not sufficiently solve the other three problems. A hyperdimensional graphics package that sufficiently solves all these problems simplifies the user experience and allows the user to explore, interact with, and share the data. I have implemented a package that solves all four problems. The package is able to render n-D data through appropriate encapsulation of presentation techniques and their associated visual cues. Through the use of an extensible plugin system, presentation techniques can be easily added and accommodated. Desirable features are supported by the user interface to allow the user to interact easily with the data. Sharing of visualizations and annotations are included to allow users to share information with one another. By providing a hyperdimensional graphics package that easily accommodates presentation techniques and includes desirable features, including those that are rarely or never supported, the user benefits from tools that allow improved interaction with multivariate data to extract information and share it with others.
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Ashraf, Muhammad. "Catégorisation de graphiques par les enseignants et les élèves." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH018/document.
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Les graphiques ont pris de plus en plus d'importance dans le matériel pédagogique, les manuels scolaires ou encore les programmes informatiques. Malgré la coexistence de différents types de graphiques ou de genres graphiques, jusqu'à maintenant, les recherches sur l'apprentissage ont seulement pris en compte la distinction entre le texte et l'image. Cette thèse vise à éclaircir ce qui, dans la recherche sur l'apprentissage, semble être une catégorie globale et indivisible : les représentations visuelles. Nous nous sommes concentrées sur ce que pensent des enseignants et des étudiants de Master concernant différents types de représentations visuelles et leurs fonctions présumées dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage. A l'heure actuelle, la recherche sur les graphiques est principalement axée sur la compréhension des élèves. Il existe très peu de recherches sur la compréhension des graphiques par les enseignants. En outre, la dimension de la formation des enseignants aux graphiques est, elle aussi, relativement ignorée. La thèse se présente en deux parties : une recherche théorique suivie d'une recherche empirique. La première partie du travail examine la littérature relative aux représentations graphiques dans l'histoire, dans les programmes scolaires à travers le monde ainsi que leur utilisation dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage. Elle expose également les classifications des différents types de graphiques. La seconde partie de la thèse prend appui sur trois enquêtes menées auprès d'enseignants en activité et d'étudiants de Master en formation. La première investigue la compréhension des graphiques d'enseignants en activité en France et au Pakistan. Les deux autres ont été conduites auprès de futurs enseignants, en utilisant la méthode du tri de carte, afin d'identifier leurs compétences relatives à la catégorisation des différents types de graphiques.En conclusion, il semble que les programmes de formation des enseignants manquent d'un enseignement à la compréhension graphique. Même en géographie, pourtant considérée comme la discipline des graphiques et de leur enseignement, nous constatons que les enseignants sont peu familiers avec de nombreux genres graphiques. Dans l'ensemble, les graphiques génériques (camemberts, histogrammes, cartes et tableaux, etc.) ont été facilement identifiés par les enseignants alors que la classification des graphiques hybrides s'est révélée plus difficile pour la plupart d'entre euxVisualizations have gained more importance in pedagogical material, in text books and in computer programs. Despite the co-existence of many different types of visualizations or graphical genres, learning research only has taken into account the distinction between text and pictures. This thesis aims at unpacking what, at least in learning research, seems to be one single holistic indivisible category of visualizations. We focused on teachers' and Masters students' thoughts on the existence of different types of visualizations and their presumed function in teaching and learning. Research on graphical representations is mainly focused on students' comprehension of graphical representations. However, there is very little research in extend of teachers' comprehension of graphical representations. In addition, the aspect of teacher training of graphical representations is also relatively ignored. There are two main parts in this thesis: theoretical and empirical. In theoretical part, we presented the literature on the existence of graphical representations in worldwide curricula. Remarkable works of cartographers who played important rule for the advancement of graphic representations in context of teaching and learning. And finally, classification of different genres of graphical representations was also exhibited. Empirical part on the other hand, based on three studies conducted with in-service teachers and Masters students' about their comprehension of graphical genres. First study was conducted with in-service teachers from France and Pakistan to investigate their basic understanding of graphical representations. Second and third study explores the Masters' students' categorization of graphical representations. In conclusion, it seems that the teacher training programs lack the training of graphic comprehension. Even in the domain of geography which is considered the major domain about graphics and graphic education, teachers were observed unfamiliar with many graphic genres. Overall, Generic graphical representations (i.e. line graph, pie charts, bar charts, maps and tables etc.) were identified more comfortably. However, classification of hybrid graphical representations (i.e. combination of map and bar graph or other hybrid graphics) was slightly difficult for the participants
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Baker, Dylan. "The Document Similarity Network: A Novel Technique for Visualizing Relationships in Text Corpora." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/100.
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With the abundance of written information available online, it is useful to be able to automatically synthesize and extract meaningful information from text corpora. We present a unique method for visualizing relationships between documents in a text corpus. By using Latent Dirichlet Allocation to extract topics from the corpus, we create a graph whose nodes represent individual documents and whose edge weights indicate the distance between topic distributions in documents. These edge lengths are then scaled using multidimensional scaling techniques, such that more similar documents are clustered together. Applying this method to several datasets, we demonstrate that these graphs are useful in visually representing high-dimensional document clustering in topic-space.
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Geyer, Rian Willem. "Value-adding business process modelling : determining the suitability of a business process modelling technique for a given application." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85758.
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Thesis (MScEng)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Organizations formally define and document their business processes in order to properly understand them and to subsequently enable their continuous development, improvement and management. In order to formally define and document their business processes, organizations can use Business Process Modelling, which represents the design of graphical models that portray the business processes of organizations. It is however noted that it is difficult to select a suitable Business Process Modelling Technique in support of a specific application of Business Process Modelling. This is due to the considerable amount of existing Business Process Modelling Techniques, the inherent impact of their varying capabilities and the lack of formal measures that are available to support evaluations regarding their suitability for specific modelling applications. It is therefore considered appropriate to execute a research study that is aimed at the development and validation of a measurement framework that can be used to evaluate the suitability of Business Process Modelling Techniques for specific modelling applications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Organisasies definieer en dokumenteer hulle besigheidsprosesse op ʼn formele wyse om hulle ordentlik te verstaan en gevolglik hulle deurlopende ontwikkeling, verbetering en bestuur te bemagtig. Ten einde die uitvoering van hierdie aktiwiteit aan te spreek, kan organisasies Besigheidsproses Modellering gebruik om grafiese modelle van hulle besigheidsprosesse te ontwerp. Daar word egter kennis geneem dat dit moeilik is om ʼn geskikte Besigheidsproses Modellering Tegniek te kies tes ondersteuning van ʼn spesifieke toepassing van Besigheidsproses Modellering. Dit is weens die groot hoeveelheid bestaande Besigheidsproses Modellering Tegnieke, die impak van hulle variërende vermoëns asook die gebrek aan formele maatstawwe wat gebruik kan word om hulle geskiktheid vir spesifieke modellering toepassings te evalueer. Dit lei tot die besluit om ‘n studie te voltooi wat gefokus is op die ontwikkeling en validasie van ʼn metings raamwerk wat gebruik kan word om die geskiktheid van Besigheidsproses Modellering Tegnieke vir spesifieke toepassings van Besigheidproses Modellering te evalueer.
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Iloni, Karen. "Biplot graphical display techniques." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17119.
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Includes bibliography.The thesis deals with graphical display techniques based on the singular value decomposition. These techniques, known as biplots, are used to find low dimensional representations of multidimensional data matrices. The aim of the thesis is to provide a review of biplots for a practical statistician who is not familiar with the area. It therefore focuses on the underlying theory, assuming a standard statisticians' knowledge of matrix algebra, and on the interpretation of the various plots. The topic falls in the realm of descriptive statistics. As such, the methods are chiefly exploratory. They are a means of summarising the data. The data matrix is represented in a reduced number of dimensions, usually two, for simplicity of display. The aim is to summarise the information in the matrix and to present a visual representation of this information. The aim in using graphical display techniques is that the "gain in interpretability far exceeds the loss in information" (Greenacre, 1984). A graphical description is often more easy to understand than a numerical one. Histograms and pie charts are familiar forms of data representation to many people with no other, or very rudimentary, statistical understanding. These are applicable to univariate data. For multivariate data sets, univariate methods do not reveal interesting relationships in the data set as a whole. In addition, a biplot can be presented in a manner which can be readily understood by non-statistically minded individuals. Greenacre (1984) comments that only in recent years has the value of statistical graphics been recognised. Young (1989) notes that recently there has been a shift in emphasis, among statisticians towards exploratory data analysis methods. This school of thought was given momentum by the publication of the book "Exploratory Data Analysis" (Tukey, 1977). The trend has been facilitated by advances in computer technology which have increased both the power and the accessibility of computers. Biplot techniques include the popular correspondence analysis. The original proponents of correspondence analysis (among them Benzecri) reject probabilistic modelling. At the other extreme, some view graphical display techniques as a mere preliminary to the more traditional statistical approaches. Under the latter view, graphical display techniques are used to suggest models and hypotheses. The emphasis in exploratory data techniques such as graphical displays is on 'getting a feel' for the data rather than on building models and testing hypotheses. These methods do not replace model building and hypothesis testing, but supplement them. The essence of the philosophy is that models are suggested by the data, rather than the frequently followed route of first fitting a model. Some work has gone into developing inferential methods, with hypothesis tests and associated p-values for biplot-type techniques (Lebart et al, 1984, Greenacre, 1984). However, this aspect is not important if the techniques are viewed merely as exploratory. Chapter Two provides the mathematical concepts necessary for understanding biplots. Chapter Three explains exactly what a biplot is, and lays the theoretical framework for the biplot techniques that follow. The goal of this chapter is to provide a framework in which biplot techniques can be classified and described. Correlation biplots are described in Chapter Four. Chapter Five discusses the principal component biplot, and the link between these and principal component analysis is drawn. In Chapter Six, correspondence analysis is presented. In Chapter Seven practical issues such as choice of centre are discussed. Practical examples are presented in Chapter Eight. The aim is that these examples illustrate techniques commonly applicable in practice. Evaluation and choice of biplot is discussed in Chapter Nine.
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Booyens, Johann Grebe. "The software ideated plate : towards designing a new relationship of integration between digital technology and the intaglio process." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1329.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Graphic Design in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at
the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThis study investigates the application and use of the latest graphic design software technologies to help plan and ideate the intaglio printmaking process. This is significant as intaglio is a 600 year old process which has evolved little, if any, in the last few hundred years although it was born from technology. Furthermore, the intaglio process relies on mental visualisation of the final artwork, making the real outcome and the planned outcome dissimilar. Students of intaglio printmaking are often surprised or disappointed by the printed result due to the lack of efficient planning. There are several ways in which software influences the creative process, including enhancing visualisation and communication, premature fixation, circumscribed thinking and bounded ideation. In this research, computer software is used as a simulator to facilitate the planning process in order to minimise the disconnect between visualisation and outcome, and serve as learning instrument. The use of digital computer technologies has been a highly debated issue in printmaking as there exists a rift between printmakers; those who embrace and explore new technologies and those who reject new methods in favour of traditional means. New technologies in printmaking offer exciting opportunities, both innovative and creative, but these new technologies are often seen as alternative or auxiliary methods of printmaking compared to traditional ways. Since these debates have been buried but not necessarily resolved, this study reinvigorates some of these perspectives and seeks a common middle ground. This study does not argue for, or against computer technology, but rather for a third paradigm: technology can coexist with intaglio without compromising the beauty and authenticity of hand processes. Computer technologies, therefore, serve as a facilitator to amplify the traditional intaglio hand process. However, the issue of discussion in this thesis is not hybrid printmaking but rather a hybrid mode of thinking in the printmaking discipline. This iterative design experiment consists of a written dissertation and intaglio printed artworks which inform and complement each other. The theoretical foundation of the art practice is found in the Bauhaus slogan: “Art and technology: a new unity”. Art and technology form the basis of the theory and the theme of entropy – the process of degeneration – is illustrated in the design artefacts. This theme shows process and illustrates the idea of a positive agent: the interference of computer in intaglio to instil new energy and value not only to keep it alive, but position it as an important skill necessary for growth in the knowledge-based economy. Furthermore, this study contributes to the scholarly discussion of design’s conceptual skills (ways of thinking) in order to enhance production capabilities (ways of making).
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Robic, Julie. "Automated characterization of skin aging using in vivo confocal microscopy." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1069/document.
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La microscopie confocale de réflectance in-vivo (RCM) est un outil puissant pour visualiser les couches cutanées à une résolution cellulaire. Des descripteurs du vieillissement cutané ont été mis en évidence à partir d'images confocales. Cependant, leur évaluation nécessite une analyse visuelle des images par des dermatologues expérimentés. L'objectif de cette thèse est le développement d'une technologie innovante pour quantifier automatiquement le phénomène du vieillissement cutané en utilisant la microscopie confocale de réflectance in vivo. Premièrement, la quantification de l’état de l’épiderme est abordée. Ensuite, la jonction dermique-épidermique est segmentée, et sa forme est caractérisée. Les mesures proposées mettent en évidence une différence significative entre les groupes d'âge et l’exposition au soleil. Enfin, les méthodes proposées sont validées par des études cliniques et d'efficacité de produits cosmétiquesIn-vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a powerful tool to visualize the skin layers at cellular resolution. Aging descriptors have been highlighted from confocal images. However, it requires visual assessment of images by experienced dermatologists to assess those descriptors. The objective of this thesis is the development of an innovative technology to automatically quantify the phenomenon of skin aging using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy. First, the quantification of the epidermal state is addressed. Then, the Dermal-Epidermal Junction is segmented, and its shape is characterized. The proposed measurements show significant difference among groups of age and photo-exposition. Finally, the proposed methods are validated through both clinical and cosmetic product efficacy studies
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Touron, Matthieu. "Approche énergétique pour la représentation, la structuration et la synthèse des Systèmes d’Assistance à Opérateur : application aux chaînes de commande de vol d’hélicoptère." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0008/document.
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Un aéronef à voilure tournante est un système physique dynamique complexe. Le développement de ce type de système nécessite méthodes d’analyse (structurelle et comportementale) et de commande afin de maîtriser ses comportements. L’approche énergétique (bond graph et formalisme hamiltonien à port) permet une représentation multi-physique non linéaire, modulaire (acausale) et à différents niveaux de granularité. Parmi ses organes, les commandes de vol de l’aéronef permettent la transmission du pilotage aux rotors : canaliser la puissance motrice (2 MW) à partir d’une commande manuelle est impossible sans organes actifs d’assistance. Afin de représenter les cheminements et traitements des informations nécessaires aux organes actifs, la représentation multi-physique est complétée par une représentation informationnelle causale (schéma bloc).Les travaux exposés dans ce mémoire visent à ajouter le niveau de granularité intermédiaire et nécessaire entre la représentation multi-physique pure et une représentation combinée physique et informationnelle. Basée sur la démarche du PMBC (Physical Model Based Control), ils proposent une méthode originale permettant de représenter les organes d’assistance et leur commande par un modèle physique équivalent. La méthode est ici enrichie dans une démarche de conception des Systèmes d’Assistance à Opérateur : nous déterminons où doivent agir les organes actifs, selon quelles mesures et suivant quelles lois de commande. La méthode est illustrée sur un cas d’étude industriel : nous obtenons deux représentations de l’espace des solutions (les représentations physico-informationnelle détaillée et globale de son comportement) incluant la solution industrielle actuelleA rotorcraft is a complex dynamic physical system. The development of this kind of systems requires methods to analyze its structure and its behavior and to control this latter. The energetic framework (bond graph and Hamiltonian formulation) allows a multiphysical nonlinear representation, modular and with several levels of granularity. Among its components, flight controls transmit the orders from the pilot to rotors. Leading the motive power (about 2MW) directly from a handling control is almost impossible without active devices for assistance. In order to represent the flow of the control information and its processing, a cyberphysical representation combines a multiphysical representation with an informational representation (bloc diagram).This thesis work aims at proposing an intermediate granularity level between purely multiphysical representations and cyberphysical representations. Based on PMBC (Physical Model Based Control) approach, a new method to represent the assistance parts is proposed, by means of a physical equivalent model. The method is then enriched by a genuine design procedure of an Operator Assisting System: we determine where actuators must operate, according to which control laws and from which measurements. The method is applied to an industrial case: two representations of the possible design solutions set are obtained, a detailed cyberphysical representation and a global representation of its behavior. The actual industrial solution belongs to the defined set of possible solutions
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Shang, Lifeng, and 尚利峰. "Facial expression analysis with graphical models." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849484.
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Facial expression recognition has become an active research topic in recent
years due to its applications in human computer interfaces and data-driven animation. In this thesis, we focus on the problem of how to e?ectively use domain,
temporal and categorical information of facial expressions to help computer understand human emotions. Over the past decades, many techniques (such as
neural networks, Gaussian processes, support vector machines, etc.) have been
applied to facial expression analysis. Recently graphical models have emerged as
a general framework for applying probabilistic models. They provide a natural
framework for describing the generative process of facial expressions. However,
these models often su?er from too many latent variables or too complex model
structures, which makes learning and inference di±cult. In this thesis, we will
try to analyze the deformation of facial expression by introducing some recently
developed graphical models (e.g. latent topic model) or improving the recognition
ability of some already widely used models (e.g. HMM).
In this thesis, we develop three di?erent graphical models with di?erent representational assumptions: categories being represented by prototypes, sets of
exemplars and topics in between. Our ¯rst model incorporates exemplar-based
representation into graphical models. To further improve computational e±-
ciency of the proposed model, we build it in a local linear subspace constructed
by principal component analysis. The second model is an extension of the recently
developed topic model by introducing temporal and categorical information into
Latent Dirichlet Allocation model. In our discriminative temporal topic model
(DTTM), temporal information is integrated by placing an asymmetric Dirichlet
prior over document-topic distributions. The discriminative ability is improved by
a supervised term weighting scheme. We describe the resulting DTTM in detail
and show how it can be applied to facial expression recognition. Our third model
is a nonparametric discriminative variation of HMM. HMM can be viewed as a
prototype model, and transition parameters act as the prototype for one category.
To increase the discrimination ability of HMM at both class level and state level,
we introduce linear interpolation with maximum entropy (LIME) and member-
ship coe±cients to HMM. Furthermore, we present a general formula for output
probability estimation, which provides a way to develop new HMM. Experimental
results show that the performance of some existing HMMs can be improved by
integrating the proposed nonparametric kernel method and parameters adaption
formula.
In conclusion, this thesis develops three di?erent graphical models by (i) combining exemplar-based model with graphical models, (ii) introducing temporal
and categorical information into Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model,
and (iii) increasing the discrimination ability of HMM at both hidden state level
and class level.published_or_final_version
Computer Science
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Lau, Kevin Keung. "The use of graphical techniques in component selection systems." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334701.
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Angelidis, Alexis, and n/a. "Shape modeling by swept space deformation." University of Otago. Department of Computer Science, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060808.161349.
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In Computer Graphics, in the context of shape modeling on a computer, a common characteristic of popular techniques is the possibility for the artist to operate on a shape by modifying directly the shape�s mathematical description. But with the constant increase of computing power, it has become increasingly realistic and effective to insert interfaces between the artist and the mathematics describing the shape. While in the future, shape descriptions are likely to be replaced with new ones, this should not affect the development of new and existing shape interfaces. Space deformation is a family of techniques that permits describing an interface independently from the description. Our thesis is that while space deformation techniques are used for solving a wide range of problems in Computer Graphics, they are missing a framework for the specific task of interactive shape modeling. We propose such a framework called sweepers, together with a set of related techniques for shape modeling. In sweepers, we define simultaneous-tools deformation, volume-preserving deformation, topology-changing deformation and animated deformation. Our swept-fluid technique introduces the idea that a deformation can be described as a fluid. In fact, the sweepers framework is not restrained to shape modeling and is also used to define a new fluid animation technique. Since the motion of a fluid can be considered locally as rigid, we define a formalism for handling conveniently rigid transformations. To display shapes, we propose a mesh update algorithm, a point-based shape description and a discrete implicit surface, and we have performed preliminary tests with inverse-raytracing. Finally, our technique called spherical-springs can be used to attach a texture to our shapes.
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Spicer, Richard. "Application of graphical techniques in archaeology and their implications on methodology." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293949.
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Zakaria, Khalid Hj. "The joy of graphics." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/543774.
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In the environmental design professions, many students and practitioners lack confidence in visual communication skills, especially in the case of quick perspective sketching. For many, sketching as a beneficial design tool is not fully learned or appreciated.This study explores sketching fundamentals and a teaching technique to promote perspective sketching as an effective design tool. Experimental workshops were conducted with various beginning environmental design students in three universities. Students responded to a post-workshop questionnaire which attempted to solicit feedback about the demonstrated sketching technique as to whether the technique 1) increased their ability, 2) increased their confidence, 3) increased their enjoyment, and 4) increased their willingness to pursue sketching in the future. Students were also evaluated on the degree of improvement according to simplicity, clarity and proper perspective setting of their sketches.The results suggested that the workshop, teaching methods and sketching techniques were successful. Students showed marked improvement and indicated in the questionnaire that they enjoyed the experience and were pleased with their new skills. They also indicated a positive feeling about the teaching methods and the sketching techniques.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Gou, Hongmei. "Digital forensic techniques for graphic data." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7361.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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González, García Francisco. "Continuity and interpolation techniques for computer graphics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117143.
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In Computer Graphics applications, it is a common practice to texture 3D models to apply material properties to them. Then, once the models are textured, they are deformed to create new poses that can be more appropriate for the needs of a certain scene and finally, those models are visualized with a rendering algorithm. Many of those approaches suffer from continuity problems that dumper interpolation procedures. Thus, in this thesis we present three algorithms that address continuity in key areas of Computer Graphics: Continuity Mapping in texturing, *Cages in mesh deformation and I-Render in visualizationEn aplicacions orientades als gràfics per ordinador existeix una pràctica molt comuna d'associar informació de materials a objectes 3D mitjançant l'aplicació de textures. Una vegada els models estan texturats, solen deformar-se per tal de crear noves postures, les quals poden ser més adients per a les necessitats d'una determinada escena. Finalment, els models 3D es visualitzen mitjançant l'ajuda d'un algorisme de visualització. Molts dels mètodes de texturat, deformació i visualització existents pateixen problemes de continuïtat que dificulten la posterior aplicació de tècniques d'interpolació. Així doncs, en aquesta tesis doctoral presentem una sèrie d’algorismes que aporten continuïtat en àrees estratègiques i importants en els gràfics per ordinador: Continuity Mapping en el texturat de malles 3D, *Cages per a la deformació suau i continua de malles i I-Render en el camp de la visualització interactiva
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Hu, Xu. "Towards efficient learning of graphical models and neural networks with variational techniques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1037.
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Dans cette thèse, je me concentrerai principalement sur l’inférence variationnelle et les modèles probabilistes. En particulier, je couvrirai plusieurs projets sur lesquels j'ai travaillé pendant ma thèse sur l'amélioration de l'efficacité des systèmes AI / ML avec des techniques variationnelles. La thèse comprend deux parties. Dans la première partie, l’efficacité des modèles probabilistes graphiques est étudiée. Dans la deuxième partie, plusieurs problèmes d’apprentissage des réseaux de neurones profonds sont examinés, qui sont liés à l’efficacité énergétique ou à l’efficacité des échantillonsIn this thesis, I will mainly focus on variational inference and probabilistic models. In particular, I will cover several projects I have been working on during my PhD about improving the efficiency of AI/ML systems with variational techniques. The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, the computational efficiency of probabilistic graphical models is studied. In the second part, several problems of learning deep neural networks are investigated, which are related to either energy efficiency or sample efficiency
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Komanduri, Saranga. "Improving Password Usability with Visual Techniques." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1194297698.
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Mehri, Dehnavi Maryam. "Krylov subspace techniques on graphic processing units." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114424.
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Computations related to many scientific and engineering problems spend most of their time in solving large, sparse linear systems. Improving the performance of these solvers on modern parallel architecture enables scientists to simulate large accurate models and manipulate massive amounts of data in reasonable time frames. Krylov subspace methods (KSM) are iterative techniques used to solve large sparse systems. The main time consuming kernels in KSMs are sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV), vector operations (dot products and vector sums) and preconditioner manipulation. This work presents techniques and algorithms to accelerate some of these kernels on a recent generation of parallel architecture called manycore processors. The performance of the proposed optimizations are tested on graphic processing units (GPUs) and compared to previous work. The SpMV kernel is accelerated on GPUs and speedups of up to 3.3 times are achieved compared to previous GPU implementations of the algorithm. The conjugate gradient iterative solver is accelerated on NVIDIA graphic cards and a 12.9 fold speedup is achieved compared to optimized implementation of the kernel on multicore CPUs. The sparse approximate inverse preconditioner is accelerated on GPUs and used to enhance the convergence rate of the BiCGStab iterative solver. The preconditioner is generated on NVIDIA GTX480 in the same time as it takes 16 AMD 252 Opteron processors to generate the same preconditioner.Communicating data between levels of a memory hierarchy and processors is time consuming and costly in KSMs. Communication-avoiding (CA) Krylov solvers take k steps of a KSM for the same communication cost as one step to reduce the communication overhead in standard KSMs. The matrix powers kernel in communication-avoiding Krylov solvers is accelerated on NVIDIA GPUs and speedups of up to 5.7 are achieved for the tested problems compared to the standard implementation of k SpMV kernels.Les calculs liés à de nombreux problèmes scientifiques et techniques demandent qu'on consacre beaucoup de temps à la résolution de grands systèmes linéaires creux. Améliorer la performance de ces résolveurs sur l'architecture paralléle moderne permet aux scientifiques de simuler de grands modèles précis et de manipuler une quantité massive de données dans des délais raisonnables. Les méthodes sous-espaces Krylov (KSM) sont des techniques itératives utilisées pour résoudre de grands systèmes creux. Les noyaux principaux qui demandent beaucoup de temps dans les KSMs sont la multiplication matrice-vecteur creuse (SpMV), les opérations sur les vecteurs (produits scalaires et sommes vectorielles) et la manipulation de préconditionneur. Ce travail présente les techniques et les algorithmes pour accélérer certains de ces noyaux sur une génération récente d'architecture parallèle appelée processeurs multicoeurs. La performance des optimisations proposées est testée sur des processeurs graphiques (GPU) et comparée aux travaux antérieurs.Le noyau SpMV est accéléré sur les processeurs graphiques et des accélérations jusqu'à 3.3 fois plus rapides sont atteintes par rapport aux implémentations de l'algorithme des processeurs graphiques précédents. Le gradient conjugué du résolveur itératif est accéléré sur des cartes graphiques NVIDIA et une accélération 12.9 fois plus rapide est réalisée par rapport à l'implémentation optimisée du noyau sur des processeurs multicœurs. Le préconditionneur approximatif inverse creux est accéléré sur les processeurs graphiques et utilisé pour améliorer le taux de convergence du résolveur itératif BiCGStab. Le préconditionneur est généré sur un NVIDIA GTX480 pour la même durée nécessaire à 16 processeurs AMD Opteron 252 pour générer le même préconditionneur.La communication de données entre les niveaux d'une hiérarchie de mémoire et des processeurs est longue et coûteuse en KSMs. Les résolveurs sans communication (communication-avoiding ou CA) de Krylov n'utilisent qu'un nombre k d'étapes d'une méthode de sous-espace de Krylov (KSM) pour un coût de communication équivalent comme une étape qui permet de réduire les frais généraux des communications dans les KSMs standards. Le noyau des pouvoirs de matrice dans les résolveurs de Krylov sans communication est accéléré sur les processeurs graphiques NVIDIA et des accélérations jusqu'à 5.7 plus rapides sont atteintes pour les problèmes testés par rapport à l'implémentation standard de k des noyaux SpMV.
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Kim, Soon-Kyeong. "A metamodel-based approach to integrate object-oriented graphical and formal specification techniques /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16467.pdf.
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Nowak, A. K. "Applications of computer graphics techniques to zeolite chemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380003.
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Chalmers, Matthew J. "Realism and design techniques for multiprocessor graphics systems." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253537.
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Ray, William J. "Automatic layout techniques for the graphical editor in the Computer Aided Prototyping System (CAPS)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341244.
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Speth, Markus [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Reinelt. "Exact Solutions for Discrete Graphical Models: Multicuts and Reduction Techniques / Markus Speth ; Betreuer: Gerhard Reinelt." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1179925785/34.
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Rivers, Derick L. "A Graphical Analysis of Simultaneously Choosing the Bandwidth and Mixing Parameter for Semiparametric Regression Techniques." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1896.
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There has been extensive research done in the area of Semiparametric Regression. These techniques deliver substantial improvements over previously developed methods, such as Ordinary Least Squares and Kernel Regression. Two of these hybrid techniques: Model Robust Regression 1 (MRR1) and Model Robust Regression 2 (MRR2) require the choice of an appropriate bandwidth for smoothing and a mixing parameter that allows a portion of a nonparametric fit to be used in fitting a model that may be misspecifed by other regression methods. The current method of choosing the bandwidth and mixing parameter does not guarantee the optimal choices in either case. The immediate objective of the current work is to address this process of choosing the optimal bandwidth and mixing parameter and to examine the behavior of these estimates using 3D plots. The 3D plots allow us to examine how the semiparametric techniques: MRR1 and MRR2, behave for the optimal (AVEMSE) selection process when compared to data-driven selectors, such as PRESS* and PRESS**. It was found that the structure of MRR2 behaved consistently under all conditions. MRR2 displayed a wider range of "acceptable" values for the choice of bandwidth as opposed to a much more limited choice when using MRR1. These results provide general support for earlier fndings by Mays et al. (2000).
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Metawie, Hossam. "Quantitative techniques for the evaluation of user interfaces for CAD/CAM systems." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391337.
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McDaid, John P. Jr. "Improved Groundstation Consoles Using New Visualization Techniques and Graphics Technology." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611670.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe advance from alphanumeric terminals to displays using new graphics technologies like the X Window System and Microsoft Windows has in many cases failed to tap the full potential of these technologies. Many common telemetry tasks continue to use similar user interfaces based on tabular real-time data displays and menus. This paper will demonstrate the application of new techniques which, when used with emerging graphics technologies, will maximize the effectiveness of telemetry ground station consoles. Advances in visualization and animation have greatly enhanced the information content of current displays and significantly improved their ease of use.
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Czirbesz, J. C. "An investigation into the techniques used in real time 3D graphics." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375336.
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Chang, Jian. "Physically based mesh-free deformation framework and techniques for computer graphics." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2006. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/3495/.
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In this thesis, we introduce a mesh-free deformation framework. Four different applications are presented based on it. Among them, a technique of mesh-free deformations and a technique ofreusable deformations are to model the deformations in two different ways, while the hyper-twist and the force mapping are applied to other graphic purposes related to deformations.Existing physicanv-based deformation techniques, such as the finite element method and the massspring systems, require the deformed object to be properly meshed. The proposed mesh-free deformations are constructed with unconnected points and no mesh is required in the computation.This process strict~1' follows the principles of classic mechanics and a deformation is defined as a combination of fundamental solutions. Because no mesh is involved, deforming a complex shape is as straightforw'ard as deforming a simple one and the trade-off between efficiency and accuracy is easy to achieve by redistributing the points concerned. Experiments show that this method is fast and offers similar accuracy to the finite element methods.Reducing both computational cost and amount of unnecessary human intervention remains a pressing issue in the animation production. To provide a faster and more user-friendly tool, we extend the above mesh-free deformations technique and develop another technique. A key feature is thereusability of deformations. Existing deformations can be simply extracted and reapplied physicallyusing the 'copy' and 'paste' operations. it relieves the modelling efforts. In this way, the visual realism is combined with the modelling efficiency and the user-friendliness for animators.The mesh-free deformation framework is capable to describe the deformations in an infinite body which is in line with the distortion of a 3D space. The twist of an infinite body, hyper-twist, is investigated to show how a 3D space and the object embedded can be radically deformed. Abstract shapes with aesthetic effects can be created in this process as well as their animations. Following the idea of mesh-free computation, we apply forces on a surface to create the fine details of the surface. A force map records the applied forces and their distributions. We call this technique force mapping, which can be used for surface modeling, compression, reconstruction and editing. As an alternative to displacement mapping, force mapping benefits from the fact that the physical property, force, is integrated into a geometric surface explicitly.
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Bardsley, Tim. "The design and evaluation of an autostereoscopic computer graphics display." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390980.
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Hougs, Roland Borch. "Practical and efficient techniques for irradiance estimation in difficult lighting conditions." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268483.
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Huang, Ben. "Removing Textured Artifacts from Digital Photos Using Spatial Frequency Filtering." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/148.
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An abstract of the thesis of Ben Huang for the Master of Science in Electric and Computer Science presented [August 12nd, 2010]. Title: Removing textured artifacts from digital photos by using spatial frequency filtering Virtually all image processing is now done with digital images. These images, captured with digital cameras, can be readily processed with various types of editing software to serve a multitude of personal and commercial purposes. But not all images are directly captured and even of those that are directly captured many are not of sufficiently high quality. Digital images are also acquired by scanning old paper images. The result is often a digital image of poor quality. Textured artifacts on some old paper pictures were designed to help protect pictures from discoloration. However, after scanning, these textured artifacts exhibit annoying textured noise in the digital image, highly degrading the visual definition of images on electronic screens. This kind of image noise is academically called global periodic noise. It is in a spurious and repetitive pattern that exists consistently throughout the image. There does not appear to be any commercial graphic software with a tool box to directly resolve this global periodic noise. Even Photoshop, considered to be the most powerful and authoritative graphic software, does not have an effective function to reduce textured noise. This thesis addresses this problem by proposing the use of an alternative graphic filter to what is currently available. To achieve the best image quality in photographic editing, spatial frequency domain filtering is utilized instead of spatial domain filtering. In frequency domain images, the consistent periodicity of the textured noise leads to well defined spikes in the frequency transform of the noisy image. When the noise spikes are at a sufficient distance from the image spectrum, they can be removed by reducing their frequency amplitudes. The filtered spectrum may then yield a noise reduced image through inverse frequency transforming. This thesis proposes a method to reduce periodic noise in the spatial frequency domain; summarizes the difference between DFT and DCT, FFT and fast DCT in image processing applications; uses fast DCT as the frequency transform to solve the problem in order to improve both computational load and filtered image quality; and develops software that can be implemented as a plug in for large graphic software to remove textured artifacts from digital images.
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Blanke, William John. "Multiresolution techniques on a parallel multidisplay multiresolution image compositing system." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035942.
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Hammond, B. G. "Application of dynamic graphics techniques to the appraisal of domestic activity spaces." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356449.
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Tsoubelis, Dimitrios. "Mathematical techniques for shape modelling in computer graphics : a distance-based approach." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1388/.
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This research is concerned with shape modelling in computer graphics. The dissertation provides a review of the main research topics and developments in shape modelling and discusses current visualisation techniques required for the display of the models produced. In computer graphics surfaces are normally defined using analytic functions. Geometry however, supplies many shapes without providing their analytic descriptions. These are defined implicitly through fundamental relationships between primitive geometrical objects. Transferring this approach in computer graphics, opens new directions in shape modelling by enabling the definition of new objects or supplying a rigorous alternative to analytical definitions of objects with complex analytical descriptions. We review, in this dissertation, relevant works in the area of implicit modelling. Based on our observations on the shortcomings of these works, we develop an implicit modelling approach which draws on a seminal technique in this area: the distance based object definition. We investigate the principles, potential and applications of this technique both in conceptual terms (modelling aspects) and on technical merit (visualisation issues). This is the context of this PhD research. The conceptual and technological frameworks developed are presented in terms of a comprehensive investigation of an object's constituent primitives and modelling constraints on the one hand, and software visualisation platforms on the other. Finally, we adopt a critical perspective of our work to discuss possible directions for further improvements and exploitation for the modelling approach we have developed.
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Whited, Brian Scott. "Tangent-ball techniques for shape processing." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31670.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Jarek Rossignac; Committee Member: Greg Slabaugh; Committee Member: Greg Turk; Committee Member: Karen Liu; Committee Member: Maryann Simmons. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Prévost-Levac, Caroline. "Defining graphic novels : the contentious case of wordless novels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29545.
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Malgré la longue et riche histoire des bandes dessinées, leur définition continue de stimuler le débat parmi les experts. Ces derniers ne parviennent toujours pas à s’entendre sur la composition d’une bande dessinée, certains choisissant de mettre l’emphase sur l’usage de phylactères ou de lignes de mouvement, tandis que d’autres insistent plutôt sur la présence d’éléments à la fois graphiques et narratifs. Une définition impeccable est peut-être improbable, mais un problème mérite toutefois d’être adressé: il s’agit bien sûr de la constante exclusion des romans graphiques sans texte. Cette catégorie d’œuvres est parfois mentionnée, mais se révèle plus souvent ignorée par les experts. En effet les définitions courantes persistent à représenter les bandes dessinées comme un indéniable mélange de texte et d’images. Ce mémoire cherche donc à démontrer la nécessité de définitions plus inclusives, afin d’incorporer les romans graphiques sans texte. D’abord, en explorant l’histoire du médium et le rôle du texte dans la création et la lecture des romans graphiques, nous réfuterons les idées préconçues qui ont apporté à l’élément textuel de la bande dessinée une allure de nécessité. Puis, à travers l’analyse des romans graphiques sans texte The Arrival de Shaun Tan et The System de Peter Kuper, nous rendrons évidente la nature facultative du texte dans le processus de création d’une histoire de bande dessinée. Finalement, avec le support d’exemples provenant des romans graphiques The System de Peter Kuper et Asterios Polyp de David Mazzucchelli, nous analyserons le rôle de l’image dans le développement de la complexité narrative d’une histoire de bande dessinée, afin de prouver qu’une image n’est pas intrinsèquement plus simpliste qu’un extrait de texte. Les romans graphiques sans texte méritent tout autant l’attention académique reçue par les bandes dessinées avec texte, et devraient ainsi être reconnus dans les définitions courantes du médium.In spite of comics’ long and rich history, their definition remains today a significant source of contention in the field. Scholars cannot seem to agree on what constitutes comics, with some of them stressing the importance of conventions such as speech balloons or motion lines, and others focusingon the pictorial and narrative elements of the form. A perfect definition may be impossible, but one issue that needs tobe addressed is the current exclusion of wordless graphic novels. While occasionally acknowledged, these works remain mainly ignored, as most working definitions present comics as a combination of text and image. This thesis intends to show that there is a need for more inclusive definitions of the medium, in order to incorporate wordless graphic novels. By first exploring the wordless ancestry of the medium and the role of text in creating and reading graphic novels, this thesis refutes the foundationally baseless assumptions about the form that have made text so widely accepted as a defining element. Then, through an analysis of Shaun Tan’s The Arrival and Peter Kuper’s The System, both of which are wordless graphic novels, this thesis demonstrates the superfluous nature of text when it comes to narrative in this medium. Finally, through readings of Peter Kuper’s The System and David Mazzucchelli’s Asterios Polyp, the thesis considers the contribution of the image to the complexity of graphic novels with and without text, in order to prove that images are not more simplistic in nature than text. The case is thereby made that wordless novels are as worthy of academic attention as graphic novels with text, and deserve acknowledgement in definitions of the medium.
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Choi, Yi-king. "Computer visualization techniques in surgical planning for pedicle screw insertion /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B22956475.
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Andrysco, Nathan. "A user study contrasting 2D unsteady vector field visualization techniques." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/300.
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Senior Honor's Thesis (Computer and Information Science)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 27 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 27). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Smith, Melvyn Lionel. "The integration of innovative vision and graphic modelling techniques for surface inspection." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387938.
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Romero, Michael. "Volume ray casting techniques and applications using general purpose computations on graphics processing units /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10760.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2009.Typescript. Accompanying CD-R contains the source code and related files for compilation and execution of the volume renderer developed in the thesis. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-112).
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Greenwood, Shannon Thomas. "The incorporation of bubbles into a computer graphics fluid simulation." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2267.
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We present methods for incorporating bubbles into a photorealistc fluid simulation. Previous methods of fluid simulation in computer graphics do not include bubbles. Our system automatically creates bubbles, which are simulated on top of the fluid simulation. These bubbles are approximated by spheres and are rendered with the fluid to appear as one continuous surface. This enhances the overall realism of the appearance of a splashing fluid for computer graphics. Our methods leverage the particle level set representation of the fluid surface. We create bubbles from escaped marker particles from the outside to the inside. These marker particles might represent air that has been trapped within the fluid surface. Further, we detect when air is trapped in the fluid and create bubbles within this space. This gives the impression that the air pocket has become bubbles and is an inexpensive way to simulate the air trapped in air pockets. The results of the simulation are rendered with a raytracer that includes caustics. This allows the creation of photorealistic images. These images support our position that the simple addition of bubbles included in a fluid simulation creates results that are much more true to life.
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Chaudhary, Gautam. "RZSweep a new volume-rendering technique for uniform rectilinear datasets /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04012003-141739.
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Choi, Yi-king, and 蔡綺瓊. "Computer visualization techniques in surgical planning for pedicle screw insertion." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224234.
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Au, Kin Chung. "Differential techniques for scalable and interactive mesh editing /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202007%20AU.
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Tsiflakos, Kyriakos. "A railway transportation decision support tool incorporating interactive computer graphics and automatic modelling techniques." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387588.
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Chrisman, Cameron. "A comparison of grid-based techniques for Navier-Stokes fluid simulation in computer graphics." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1450292.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-65).
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Hahn, James Kwangjune. "The use of simulation techniques for motion control of rigid bodies in computer graphics /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487671640056213.
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Santos, Jorge António Pereira de Sousa. "O lugar da arte-museu, arquitectura, arte e sociedade." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 2002. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29523.
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Lönroth, Per, and Mattias Unger. "Advanced Real-time Post-Processing using GPGPU techniques." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14962.
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Post-processing techniques are used to change a rendered image as a last step before presentation and include, but is not limited to, operations such as change of saturation or contrast, and also more advanced effects like depth-of-field and tone mapping.
Depth-of-field effects are created by changing the focus in an image; the parts close to the focus point are perfectly sharp while the rest of the image has a variable amount of blurriness. The effect is widely used in photography and movies as a depth cue but has in the latest years also been introduced into computer games.
Today’s graphics hardware gives new possibilities when it comes to computation capacity. Shaders and GPGPU languages can be used to do massive parallel operations on graphics hardware and are well suited for game developers.
This thesis presents the theoretical background of some of the recent and most valuable depth-of-field algorithms and describes the implementation of various solutions in the shader domain but also using GPGPU techniques. The main objective is to analyze various depth-of-field approaches and look at their visual quality and how the methods scale performance wise when using different techniques.