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Journal articles on the topic 'Graphene Oxide - Chemical Reactivity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Lee, Dongju, Kee Sun Lee, Nam Chul Kim, Changbin Song, and Sung Ho Song. "Transition of magnetism in graphene coated with metal nanoparticles." Functional Materials Letters 10, no. 04 (August 2017): 1750037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604717500370.

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The unique two-dimensional structure and very high surface area of graphene results in amazing properties and makes it an ideal substrate for the chemical adsorption of many types of metal nanoparticles (NPs). Here, we demonstrate a novel approach for synthesizing multi-functional graphene-magnetic nanoparticles (GNPs) hybrids. The hybrids exhibit a combination of features, including excellent processability, superparamagnetism, electrical conductivity and high chemical reactivity. The synthesis of graphene by Cu or Ni reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide results in the removal of oxygen functionalities of the graphene oxide. The process is scalable, green and efficiently enables the controllable production of GNPs. The GNPs have great potential for a variety of applications, including as materials for magnetic resonance imaging, microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding.

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2

Celasco, E. "Chemical Reactivity And Electronical Properties Of Graphene And Reduced Graphene Oxide On Different Substrates." Advanced Materials Letters 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2019.2204.

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3

Maya, Pai M., Sheetal R. Batakurki, Vinayak Adimule, and Basappa C. Yallur. "Optical Graphene for Biosensor Application: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 908 (August 2, 2022): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-rs3qal.

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One of the most often credited materials for opening up new possibilities in the creation of next-generation biosensors is graphene oxide (GO). GO has good water dispersibility, biocompatibility, and high affinity for specific biomolecules due to the coexistence of hydrophobic domains from pristine graphite structure and hydrophilic oxygen containing functional groups, as well as properties of graphene itself that are partly dependent on preparation methods. The high signal output and a strong potential for rapid industrial growth rate, graphene-based materials, such as graphene oxide (GO), are receiving substantial interest in bio sensing applications. Some of graphene's most enticing qualities are its superior conductivity and mechanical capabilities (such as toughness and elasticity), as well as its high reactivity to chemical compounds. The existence of waves on the surface (natural or created) is another property/variable that has immense potential if properly utilized. Single cell detection can be performed by optical biosensors based on graphene. The present state of knowledge about the use of graphene for bio sensing is reviewed in this article. We briefly cover the use of graphene for bio sensing applications in general, with a focus on wearable graphene-based biosensors. The intrinsic graphene ripples and their impact on graphene bio sensing capabilities are extensively examined.

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4

Tang, Shaobin, Weihua Wu, Liangxian Liu, Zexing Cao, Xiaoxuan Wei, and Zhongfang Chen. "Diels–Alder reactions of graphene oxides: greatly enhanced chemical reactivity by oxygen-containing groups." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 18 (2017): 11142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp01086a.

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5

Vejpravová, Jana. "Mixed sp2–sp3 Nanocarbon Materials: A Status Quo Review." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 2469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102469.

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Carbon nanomaterials with a different character of the chemical bond—graphene (sp2) and nanodiamond (sp3)—are the building bricks for a new class of all-carbon hybrid nanomaterials, where the two different carbon networks with sp3 and sp2 hybridization coexist, interacting and even transforming into one another. The extraordinary physiochemical properties defined by the unique electronic band structure of the two border nanoallotropes ensure the immense application potential and versatility of these all-carbon nanomaterials. The review summarizes the status quo of sp2 – sp3 nanomaterials, including graphene/graphene-oxide—nanodiamond composites and hybrids, graphene/graphene-oxide—diamond heterojunctions, and other sp2–sp3 nanocarbon hybrids for sensing, electronic, and other emergent applications. Novel sp2–sp3 transitional nanocarbon phases and architectures are also discussed. Furthermore, the two-way sp2 (graphene) to sp3 (diamond surface and nanodiamond) transformations at the nanoscale, essential for innovative fabrication, and stability and chemical reactivity assessment are discussed based on extensive theoretical, computational and experimental studies.

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6

Rana, Surjyakanta, G. Bishwa Bidita Varadwaj, and Sreekanth B. Jonnalagadda. "Green Synthesis of Cu Nanoparticles in Modulating the Reactivity of Amine-Functionalized Composite Materials towards Cross-Coupling Reactions." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092260.

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Control over both dispersion and the particle size distribution of supported metal particles is of paramount importance for the catalytic activity of composite materials. We describe the synthesis of materials with Cu nanoparticles well-dispersed on different amine-functionalized supports, using the extract of Wallich Spurge as a green, reducing agent. Graphene oxide (GO), mesoporous silica (MCM-41), mesoporous zirconia, and reduced graphene oxide-mesoporous silica (RGO-MCM-41) were explored as supports. Cu nanoparticles were better stabilized on RGO-MCM-41 compared to other supports. The novel composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy analysis and HR-TEM. SEM and EDX techniques. High angle XRD confirmed the conversion of graphene oxide to reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with plant extract as a reducing agent. Both XRD and TEM techniques confirmed the Cu nanoparticle formation. The catalytic activity of all the prepared materials for the Ullmann coupling reactions of carbon-, oxygen-, and nitrogen-containing nucleophiles with iodobenzene was evaluated. From the results, 5 wt% Cu on amine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide/mesoporous silica nanocomposite (5 wt%Cu(0)-AAPTMS@RGO-MCM-41) exhibited excellent efficiency with 97% yield of the C-C coupling product in water at 80 °C in 5 h. The activity remained unaltered almost up to the fourth cycle. The Cu nanoparticles stabilized by organic amine group on RGO hybrid facilitated sustained activity.

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7

Vacchi, Isabella A., Cinzia Spinato, Jésus Raya, Alberto Bianco, and Cécilia Ménard-Moyon. "Chemical reactivity of graphene oxide towards amines elucidated by solid-state NMR." Nanoscale 8, no. 28 (2016): 13714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr03846h.

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8

Dong, Lei, Zhongxin Chen, Shan Lin, Ke Wang, Chen Ma, and Hongbin Lu. "Reactivity-Controlled Preparation of Ultralarge Graphene Oxide by Chemical Expansion of Graphite." Chemistry of Materials 29, no. 2 (January 2017): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03748.

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9

Husein, Dalal Z., Reda Hassanien, and Mona Khamis. "Cadmium oxide nanoparticles/graphene composite: synthesis, theoretical insights into reactivity and adsorption study." RSC Advances 11, no. 43 (2021): 27027–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04754j.

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Graphene-based metal oxide nanocomposites are interesting and promising kinds of nanocomposites due to their large specific area, fast kinetics, and specific affinity towards heavy metal contaminants.

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10

Brisebois, Patrick P., Ricardo Izquierdo, and Mohamed Siaj. "Room-Temperature Reduction of Graphene Oxide in Water by Metal Chloride Hydrates: A Cleaner Approach for the Preparation of Graphene@Metal Hybrids." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071255.

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Headed for developing minimalistic strategies to produce graphene@metal hybrids for electronics on a larger scale, we discovered that graphene oxide (GO)-metal oxide (MO) hybrids are formed spontaneously in water at room temperature in the presence of nothing else than graphene oxide itself and metal ions. Our observations show metal oxide nanoparticles decorating the surface of graphene oxide with particle diameter in the range of 10–40 nm after only 1 h of mixing. Their load ranged from 0.2% to 6.3% depending on the nature of the selected metal. To show the generality of the reactivity of GO with different ions in standard conditions, we prepared common hybrids with GO and tin, iron, zinc, aluminum and magnesium. By means of carbon-13 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance using magic angle spinning, we have found that graphene oxide is also moderately reduced at the same time. Our method is powerful and unique because it avoids the use of chemicals and heat to promote the coprecipitation and the reduction of GO. This advantage allows synthesizing GO@MO hybrids with higher structural integrity and purity with a tunable level of oxidization, in a faster and greener way.

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Liu, Xin, Yanhui Sui, Changgong Meng, and Yu Han. "Tuning the reactivity of Ru nanoparticles by defect engineering of the reduced graphene oxide support." RSC Adv. 4, no. 42 (2014): 22230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02900c.

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12

Neri, Giulia, Enza Fazio, Antonia Nostro, Placido Giuseppe Mineo, Angela Scala, Antonio Rescifina, and Anna Piperno. "Shedding Light on the Chemistry and the Properties of Münchnone Functionalized Graphene." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071629.

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Münchnones are mesoionic oxazolium 5-oxides with azomethine ylide characteristics that provide pyrrole derivatives by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) reaction with acetylenic dipolarophiles. Their reactivity was widely exploited for the synthesis of small molecules, but it was not yet investigated for the functionalization of graphene-based materials. Herein, we report our results on the preparation of münchnone functionalized graphene via cycloaddition reactions, followed by the spontaneous loss of carbon dioxide and its further chemical modification to silver/nisin nanocomposites to confer biological properties. A direct functionalization of graphite flakes into few-layers graphene decorated with pyrrole rings on the layer edge was achieved. The success of functionalization was confirmed by micro-Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The 1,3-DC reactions of münchnone dipole with graphene have been investigated using density functional theory to model graphene. Finally, we explored the reactivity and the processability of münchnone functionalized graphene to produce enriched nano biomaterials endowed with antimicrobial properties.

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13

Petrucci, Rita, Isabella Chiarotto, Leonardo Mattiello, Daniele Passeri, Marco Rossi, Giuseppe Zollo, and and Marta Feroci. "Graphene Oxide: A Smart (Starting) Material for Natural Methylxanthines Adsorption and Detection." Molecules 24, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 4247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234247.

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Natural methylxanthines, caffeine, theophylline and theobromine, are widespread biologically active alkaloids in human nutrition, found mainly in beverages (coffee, tea, cocoa, energy drinks, etc.). Their detection is thus of extreme importance, and many studies are devoted to this topic. During the last decade, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) gained popularity as constituents of sensors (chemical, electrochemical and biosensors) for methylxanthines. The main advantages of GO and RGO with respect to graphene are the easiness and cheapness of synthesis, the notable higher solubility in polar solvents (water, among others), and the higher reactivity towards these targets (mainly due to – interactions); one of the main disadvantages is the lower electrical conductivity, especially when using them in electrochemical sensors. Nonetheless, their use in sensors is becoming more and more common, with the obtainment of very good results in terms of selectivity and sensitivity (up to 5.4 × 10−10 mol L−1 and 1.8 × 10−9 mol L−1 for caffeine and theophylline, respectively). Moreover, the ability of GO to protect DNA and RNA from enzymatic digestion renders it one of the best candidates for biosensors based on these nucleic acids. This is an up-to-date review of the use of GO and RGO in sensors.

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14

Politano, Grazia Giuseppina, and Carlo Versace. "Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Characterization of Graphene Oxide in Methanol Films." Crystals 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2022): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050696.

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It has been widely established that solvents modify the functional groups on the graphene oxide (GO) basal plane and, thus, modify its reactivity. Despite the increasing interest in GO films, a less studied aspect is the influence of methanol on the refractive index of GO films. Herein, the Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE) technique has been used to characterize the optical response of GO in methanol films (0.4 mg/mL) dip-coated on glass substrates. The ellipsometric data have been modeled using a Lorentz oscillator model. We have found that the energy of the oscillator at ~3.9 eV for GO in water shifts to ~4.2 eV for GO in methanol films.

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15

Pansambal, Shreyas, Arpita Roy, Hamza Elsayed Ahmed Mohamed, Rajeshwari Oza, Canh Minh Vu, Abdolrazagh Marzban, Ankush Chauhan, Suresh Ghotekar, and H. C. Ananda Murthy. "Recent Developments on Magnetically Separable Ferrite-Based Nanomaterials for Removal of Environmental Pollutants." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (September 26, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8560069.

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The current water supply situation demonstrates the predominance of contamination caused by industrial effluent runoff. Polluted waters have contributed to significant health and environmental risks, calling for an acceptable alternative to address the effects. However, diverse chemical and treatment physical stages commonly used for dye effluent processing are more cost-intensive, less effective, and time-consuming. Instead, nanomaterials have developed as a good alternative for dye removal and degradation because of their special chemical reactivity and superior surface features/properties. In this regard, the ability of modified or hybrid ferrite-based magnetically recoverable nanomaterials in dye effluent treatment has been extensively explored. The present study especially emphasizes magnetic ferrite (Fe3O4 + X) or metal-doped ferrite (MFe2O4 + X) nanocomposite for dye degradation (where M consists of Co, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ni, etc., and X consists of reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, metal, or metal oxide). Several dye degradation efficiencies of various ferrite and metal ferrite nanomaterial were discussed. Degradation is carried out using direct sunlight, and various lamps (e.g., visible light/UV-C lamp/halogen lamp/Mercury-Xenon lamp/UV lamp with UV filter for visible light) are used as a source. This review article covers the degradation of various dyes from wastewater using ferrite-based nanomaterial as an efficient catalyst and making water pollution free.

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16

Alruwashid, Firas S., Mushtaq A. Dar, Nabeel H. Alharthi, and Hany S. Abdo. "Effect of Graphene Concentration on the Electrochemical Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanocomposite Materials." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102523.

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A two-step process was applied to synthesize the cobalt ferrite-graphene composite materials in a one-pot hydrothermal reaction process. Graphene Oxide (GO) was synthesized by a modified Hummer’s method. The synthesized composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD and FTIR results were in good agreement with the TGA/DTG observations. SEM and TEM disclosed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles in 4–10 nm. The optimized CoFe2O4-G (1–5 wt.%) composite materials samples were tried for their conductivity, supercapacity, and corrosion properties. The CV results demonstrated a distinctive behavior of the supercapacitor, while the modified CoFe2O4-G (5 wt.%) electrode demonstrated a strong reduction in the Rct value (~94 Ω). The highest corrosion current density valves and corrosion rates were attained in the CoFe2O4-G (5 wt.%) composite materials as 5.53 and 0.20, respectively. The high conductivity of graphene that initiated the poor corrosion rate of the CoFe2O4-graphene composite materials could be accredited to the high conductivity and reactivity.

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17

Konsolakis, Michalis, and Maria Lykaki. "Recent Advances on the Rational Design of Non-Precious Metal Oxide Catalysts Exemplified by CuOx/CeO2 Binary System: Implications of Size, Shape and Electronic Effects on Intrinsic Reactivity and Metal-Support Interactions." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020160.

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Catalysis is an indispensable part of our society, massively involved in numerous energy and environmental applications. Although, noble metals (NMs)-based catalysts are routinely employed in catalysis, their limited resources and high cost hinder the widespread practical application. In this regard, the development of NMs-free metal oxides (MOs) with improved catalytic activity, selectivity and durability is currently one of the main research pillars in the area of heterogeneous catalysis. The present review, involving our recent efforts in the field, aims to provide the latest advances—mainly in the last 10 years—on the rational design of MOs, i.e., the general optimization framework followed to fine-tune non-precious metal oxide sites and their surrounding environment by means of appropriate synthetic and promotional/modification routes, exemplified by CuOx/CeO2 binary system. The fine-tuning of size, shape and electronic/chemical state (e.g., through advanced synthetic routes, special pretreatment protocols, alkali promotion, chemical/structural modification by reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) can exert a profound influence not only to the reactivity of metal sites in its own right, but also to metal-support interfacial activity, offering highly active and stable materials for real-life energy and environmental applications. The main implications of size-, shape- and electronic/chemical-adjustment on the catalytic performance of CuOx/CeO2 binary system during some of the most relevant applications in heterogeneous catalysis, such as CO oxidation, N2O decomposition, preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX), water gas shift reaction (WGSR), and CO2 hydrogenation to value-added products, are thoroughly discussed. It is clearly revealed that the rational design and tailoring of NMs-free metal oxides can lead to extremely active composites, with comparable or even superior reactivity than that of NMs-based catalysts. The obtained conclusions could provide rationales and design principles towards the development of cost-effective, highly active NMs-free MOs, paving also the way for the decrease of noble metals content in NMs-based catalysts.

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18

Sandoval, Stefania, and Gerard Tobias. "Tuning the Nature of N-Based Groups From N-Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide: Enhanced Thermal Stability Using Post-Synthesis Treatments." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081451.

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The synthesis of N-containing graphene derivatives by functionalization and doping of graphene oxide (GO) has been widely reported as an alternative to tune both their chemical and physical properties. These materials are of interest for a wide range of applications, including biomedicine, sensors, energy, and catalysis, to name some. Understanding the role of the nature, reactivity, concentration, and distribution of the N-based species, would pave the way towards the design of synthetic routes to obtain improved materials for specific applications. The N-groups can be present either as aliphatic fractions (amides and amines) or becoming part of the planar conjugated lattice (N-doping). Here, we have modified the distribution of N-based moieties present in N-containing RGO samples (prepared by ammonolysis of GO) and evaluated the role of the concentration and nature of the species in the thermal stability of the materials once thermally annealed (500–1050 °C) under inert environments. After these post-synthesis treatments, samples underwent marked structural modifications that include the elimination and/or transformation of N-containing fractions, which might account for the observed enhanced thermal stability. It is remarkable the formation of pyridinic N-oxide species, which role in the properties of N-containing graphene derivatives has been barely reported. The presence of this fraction is found to confer an enhanced thermal stability to the material.

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19

Do Carmo, Devaney Ribeiro, and Daniela Silvestrini Fernandes. "Hybrid graphene oxide/DAB-Am-16 dendrimer: Preparation, characterization chemical reactivity and their electrocatalytic detection of l -Dopamine." Solid State Sciences 71 (September 2017): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2017.07.005.

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20

Tian, Junpeng, Cheng Yang, Jiping Yang, Shuangqiang Shi, and Sijia Hao. "The correlated effects of polyetheramine-functionalized graphene oxide loading on the curing reaction and the mechanical properties of epoxy composites." High Performance Polymers 33, no. 7 (March 3, 2021): 832–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008321996759.

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In this study, the effects of polyetheramine (D230) functionalized graphene oxide loading on the curing reaction, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites were studied and the correlation between structure and property of epoxy composite was established. In the functionalization of graphene oxide (GO), the effect of the mass ratio of D230 to GO on chemical properties of the functionalized GO was investigated. Results showed that D230 were successfully covalently grafted onto surface of two-dimensional functionalized GO sheet. The functionalized GO sheets prepared under optimal condition of D230/GO ratio of 1:1 dispersed evenly in epoxy composites, indicating the possibility of the epoxy composite fabrication by the solvent-free technique. The analysis of qualitative Cure Index suggested that epoxy composites were subjected to excellent curing. The quantitative evaluation of curing kinetics demonstrated that the functionalized GO exhibited a chemical facilitation on the curing reaction. However, the functionalized GO simultaneously physically restricted the curing reactivity, especially at high loading. These contributed to the improved interfacial properties and high toughness of the epoxy composites. Compared to neat epoxy, the epoxy composites showed effective tensile strength improvement of ∼10.0% (77.0 MPa), tensile modulus enhancement of ∼7.7% (3.34 GPa), flexural modulus increment of ∼12.1% (3.43 GPa), and flexural strength increment of ∼10.6% (124.3 MPa). This study demonstrated an effective and environment-friendly strategy to design GO reinforced epoxy composites with favorable dispersion and interfacial bonding, and it further clarified the relationship between the crosslinking network/interfacial structure and the mechanical properties of epoxy composites.

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Ghafuri, Hossein, Negar Joorabchi, Atefeh Emami, and Hamid Reza Esmaili Zand. "Covalent Modification of Graphene Oxide with Vitamin B1: Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Reactivity for Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 56, no. 22 (May 24, 2017): 6462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00182.

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22

Aman, Razia, Saima Sadiq, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Sadiq, Jehan Gul, Khalid Saeed, Adnan Ali Khan, and Sagheer Hussain Shah. "Facile route for green synthesis of N-benzylideneaniline over bimetallic reduced graphene oxide: chemical reactivity of 2,3,4-substituted derivatives of aniline." Research on Chemical Intermediates 45, no. 5 (February 23, 2019): 2947–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-03772-w.

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23

Perumal, Dharshini, Emmellie Laura Albert, Norazalina Saad, Taufiq Yap Yun Hin, Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi, Huey Fang Teh, and Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah. "Fabrication and Characterization of Clinacanthus nutans Mediated Reduced Graphene Oxide Using a Green Approach." Crystals 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111539.

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The reduction of graphene oxide (rGO) utilizing green methods such as plants has attracted much attention due to its productivity, eco—friendly features, and cost effectiveness. In the present study, the reflux method was employed to synthesize Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) leaf extract mediated rGO using a simple approach. The synthesized rGO was characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The UV-Vis spectrum demonstrated the absorption peak of rGO (270 nm) at distinct locations, while the FTIR analysis demonstrated that the amount of oxygen group in rGO was reduced. The Raman analysis confirms the reduction of GO by a slight increase in the D—band to G—band intensity ratio. The XRD spectra demonstrated that rGO was successfully produced based on the illustrated 2Ɵ angles at a peak of 22.12° with d-spacing of 0.40 nm. FESEM clearly reveals the morphology of rGO that shows crumpled thin sheets, a rougher surface, and a wave—shaped corrugated structure. The reduction of GO was analyzed in the removal of the hydroxyl group and amorphotization of sp2 carbon structures. The C/O ratio in rGO was higher than GO which indicates the small amount of oxygen-containing functional groups were still presented in the reduced graphene oxide. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry behavior of a modified screen—printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was measured. The redox reactivity of rGO—SPCE has been affirmed and compared with GO—SPCE and bare—SPCE. The toxicity using A. salina cysts demonstrated that rGO is less toxic compared to GO. The analysis adequately supports the synthesis of rGO and the effective removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from GO. The findings herein illustrate that C. nutans mediates the synthesis of rGO and is a promising eco-friendly substitute to conventional carbon-based fabrication.

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Yu, Jiejie, Cong Wang, Quan Yuan, Xin Yu, Ding Wang, and Yang Chen. "Ag-Modified Porous Perovskite-Type LaFeO3 for Efficient Ethanol Detection." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101768.

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Perovskite (ABO3) nanosheets with a high carrier mobility have been regarded as the best candidates for gas-sensitive materials arising from their exceptional crystal structure and physical–chemical properties that often exhibit good gas reactivity and stability. Herein, Ag in situ modified porous LaFeO3 nanosheets were synthesized by the simple and efficient graphene oxide (GO)-assisted co-precipitation method which was used for sensitive and selective ethanol detection. The Ag modification ratio was studied, and the best performance was obtained with 5% Ag modification. The Ag/LaFeO3 nanomaterials with high surface areas achieved a sensing response value (Rg/Ra) of 20.9 to 20 ppm ethanol at 180 °C with relatively fast response/recovery times (26/27 s). In addition, they showed significantly high selectivity for ethanol but only a slight response to other interfering gases. The enhanced gas-sensing performance was attributed to the combination of well-designed porous nanomaterials with noble metal sensitization. The new approach is provided for this strategy for the potential application of more P-type ABO3 perovskite-based gas-sensitive devices.

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Chen, Yajie, Siyuan Xia, Wei Ren, Zilong Zheng, Junhong Chen, Kefeng Ma, Chunpei Yu, Xinli Zhou, and Wenchao Zhang. "A Favorable Improvement in Reactivity between n-Al and Sheet-like Porous CuO as a Nanoenergetic Composite by Graphene Oxide Additives." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 59, no. 29 (June 29, 2020): 12934–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02138.

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26

Wang, Gang, Xiaochen Xu, Fenglin Yang, Hanmin Zhang, and Dong Wang. "Using graphene oxide to reactivate the anaerobic ammonium oxidizers after long-term storage." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2, no. 2 (June 2014): 974–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.03.014.

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27

Jafargholinejad, Shapour, and Soheyl Soleymani. "Effects of carbon nano-additives on characteristics of TiC ceramics prepared by field-assisted sintering." Synthesis and Sintering 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2021.1123.

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Five carbonaceous nano-additives (graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and diamond) had different impacts on the sinterability, microstructural evolution, and properties of titanium carbide. In this research, the sintering by spark plasma was employed to produce the monolithic TiC and carbon-doped ceramics under the sintering parameters of 1900 ºC, 10 min, 40 MPa. The carbon black additive had the best performance in densifying the TiC, thanks to its fine particle size, as well as its high chemical reactivity with TiO2 surface oxide. By contrast, the incorporation of nano-diamonds resulted in a considerable decline in the relative density of TiC owing to the graphitization phenomenon, together with the gas production at high temperatures. Although carbon precipitation from the TiC matrix occurred in all samples, some of the added carbonaceous phases promoted this phenomenon, while the others hindered it to some extent. Amongst the introduced additives, carbon black had the most contribution to grain refining, so that a roughly halved average grain size was attained in comparison with the undoped specimen. The highest values of hardness (3233 HV0.1 kg), thermal conductivity (25.1 W/mK), and flexural strength (658 MPa) secured for the ceramic incorporated by 5 wt% nano carbon black.

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Fang, Zhonghang, Qunzhang Tu, Xuan Yang, Xinmin Shen, Qin Yin, and Zhiyuan Chen. "Polydopamine and Mercapto Functionalized 3D Carbon Nano-Material Hybrids Synergistically Modifying Aramid Fibers for Adhesion Improvement." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 3988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193988.

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In order to solve the problem of poor interfacial adhesion between aramid fibers and a rubber matrix, an efficient and mild modification method was proposed via polydopamine and mercapto functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotube (CNTs) hybrids synergistically modifying aramid fibers. GO and CNTs were firstly stacked and assembled into unique 3D GO-CNTs hybrids through π-π conjugation. Then, the mercapto functionalization of the assembled 3D GO-CNTs hybrids was realized via the dehydration condensation reaction between the hydroxyls of GO and the silanol groups of coupling agent. Finally, the mercapto functionalized 3D GO-CNTs hybrids were grafted onto the aramid fibers, which were pre-modified by polydopamine through the Michael addition reaction mechanism. The surface morphology and chemical structures of GO-CNTs hybrids and fibers and the interfacial adhesion strength between fibers and rubber matrix were investigated. The results showed that the modification method had brought about great changes in the surface structure of fibers but not generated any damage traces. More importantly, this modification method could improve the interfacial strength by 110.95%, and the reason was not only the reactivity of functional groups but also that the 3D GO-CNTs hybrids with excellent mechanical properties could effectively share interfacial stress. The method proposed in this paper was universal and had the potential to be applied to other high-performance fiber-reinforced composites.

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29

Minella, M., M. Demontis, M. Sarro, F. Sordello, P. Calza, and C. Minero. "Photochemical stability and reactivity of graphene oxide." Journal of Materials Science 50, no. 6 (January 6, 2015): 2399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8791-1.

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Aslam, Sehrish, Tanveer Hussain Bokhari, Tauseef Anwar, Usman Khan, Adeela Nairan, and Karim Khan. "Graphene oxide coated graphene foam based chemical sensor." Materials Letters 235 (January 2019): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.09.164.

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31

Ramírez-Jiménez, Rafael, Mario Franco, Eduardo Rodrigo, Raquel Sainz, Rafael Ferritto, Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi, José Luis Aceña, and M. Belén Cid. "Unexpected reactivity of graphene oxide with DBU and DMF." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 26 (2018): 12637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta03529f.

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32

Abdelaal, Saad, Elsayed K. Elmaghraby, A. M. Abdelhady, M. Youssf, A. M. Rashad, I. I. Bashter, and A. I. Helal. "The physical structure and surface reactivity of graphene oxide." Diamond and Related Materials 101 (January 2020): 107613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2019.107613.

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33

JACOBY, MITCH. "NANOREDUCTION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE." Chemical & Engineering News 88, no. 24 (June 14, 2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n024.p012a.

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34

DRAHL, CARMEN. "CATALYSIS WITH GRAPHENE OXIDE." Chemical & Engineering News 88, no. 29 (July 19, 2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n029.p008a.

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35

Erickson, Kris, Rolf Erni, Zonghoon Lee, Nasim Alem, Will Gannett, and Alex Zettl. "Determination of the Local Chemical Structure of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide." Advanced Materials 22, no. 40 (August 17, 2010): 4467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201000732.

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36

Mattson, Eric C., Kanupriya Pande, Miriam Unger, Shumao Cui, Ganhua Lu, M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, Michael Weinert, Junhong Chen, and Carol J. Hirschmugl. "Exploring Adsorption and Reactivity of NH3 on Reduced Graphene Oxide." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117, no. 20 (May 10, 2013): 10698–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp3122853.

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37

Omar, Amina, Ahmed M. Bayoumy, and Ahmed A. Aly. "Functionalized Graphene Oxide with Chitosan for Dopamine Biosensing." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020048.

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Detecting biological structures via a rapid and facile method has become a pronounced point of research. Dopamine (DA) detection is critical for the early diagnosis of a variety of neurological diseases/disorders. A study on the real-time optical detection of DA is described here using graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with chitosan (Cs). Hence, a computational model dependent on a high theoretical level density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP/LANL2DZ model is carried out to study the physical as well as electronic properties of the proposed interaction between GO functionalized with Cs and its interaction with DA. GO functionalized with a Cs biopolymer was verified as having much higher stability and reactivity. Moreover, the addition of DA to functionalized GO yields structures with the same stability and reactivity. This ensures that GO-Cs is a stable structure with a strong interaction with DA, which is energetically preferred. Molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) calculation maps indicated that the impact of an interaction between GO and Cs increases the number of electron clouds at the terminals, ensuring the great ability of this composite when interacting with DA. Hence, these calculations and experimental results support the feasibility of using GO functionalized with Cs as a DA biosensor.

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38

GOMEZ-ALVAREZ, M. A., A. DIAZ, I. MOTA, V. CABRERA, and L. RESÉNDIZ. "NANOCOMPOSITES OF ZINC OXIDE ON GRAPHENE OXIDE: A RAPID REDUCTION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 16, no. 1 (January 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2021.161.101.

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In this work, graphene oxide (GO) and ZnO were synthesized using the modified Hummers method and the Spanhel and Anderson method, respectively. ZnO/GO composites were then successfully synthesized using a fast and direct process. The results of the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) proved the conversion of GO to reduced graphene oxide, without additional chemical agents or processing at high temperatures and under high vacuum. This study reveals the interaction between oxide materials, which can be of help in the field of electronic microdevice manufacturing.

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Li, Bing, Xintong Zhang, Peng Chen, Xinghua Li, Lingling Wang, Ceng Zhang, Weitao Zheng, and Yichun Liu. "Waveband-dependent photochemical processing of graphene oxide in fabricating reduced graphene oxide film and graphene oxide–Ag nanoparticles film." RSC Adv. 4, no. 5 (2014): 2404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra45355c.

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40

Costa, Mariana C. F., Valeria S. Marangoni, Pei Rou Ng, Hang T. L. Nguyen, Alexandra Carvalho, and A. H. Castro Neto. "Accelerated Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Graphene." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020551.

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Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxygenated functionalized form of graphene that has received considerable attention because of its unique physical and chemical properties that are suitable for a large number of industrial applications. Herein, GO is rapidly obtained directly from the oxidation of graphene using an environmentally friendly modified Hummers method. As the starting material consists of graphene flakes, intercalant agents are not needed and the oxidation reaction is enhanced, leading to orders of magnitude reduction in the reaction time compared to the conventional methods of graphite oxidation. With a superior surface area, the graphene flakes are quickly and more homogeneously oxidized since the flakes are exposed at the same extension to the chemical agents, excluding the necessity of sonication to separate the stacked layers of graphite. This strategy shows an alternative approach to quickly producing GO with different degrees of oxidation that can be potentially used in distinct areas ranging from biomedical to energy storage applications.

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41

Kurmarayuni, Chandra Mohan, Basavaiah Chandu, Chandra Sekhar Devarapu, Lakshmi Prasanna Yangalasetty, Siva Jyothsna Gali, Srihari Chennuboyana, and Hari Babu Bollikolla. "Preparation of Graphene from Graphene oxide by Chemical Reducing Agents." Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology 09, no. 01 (2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55434/cbi.2021.9109.

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Graphene, an atomically sp2 hybridized thin two-dimensional carbon community material, got prodigious attention in the scientific field. Particularly, this review aims to provide the preparation approaches which can be used to reduce the oxygen assembly of graphene oxide to graphene. This review provides literature on the chemical reducing agents up to 2020.

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Saraswat, Aditi, K. Pramoda, Koyendrila Debnath, Swaraj Servottam, Umesh V. Waghmare, and C. N. R. Rao. "Chemical Route to Twisted Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Boron Nitride." Chemistry – A European Journal 26, no. 29 (March 31, 2020): 6499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202000277.

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43

Zhang, Meng Meng, Hong Xia Yan, Chao Gong, and Yi Chen Feng. "Hyperbranched Polysiloxane Functionalized Graphene Oxide via Polyhydrosilylation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 464 (November 2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.464.3.

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A novel method to functionalize graphene oxide (GO) by hyperbranched polysiloxane via polyhydrosilylation is reported, taking advantage of hyperbranched polysiloxane that possesses good properties such as low viscosity, good rheology, good solubility and high reactivity. The changes in GO surface morphology, chemistry and physical conditions at different stages are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XPS analysis shows that the oxygen content of GO is 29.90% and the silicon content of hyperbranched polysiloxane grafted graphene oxide (HBPGO) is 18.66%. The results indicate that hyperbranched polysiloxane is successfully grafted onto the surface of GO and this novel nanostructure may have potential applications in composites.

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Anota, E. Chigo, R. E. Ramírez Gutiérrez, F. L. Pérez Sanchéz, and J. F. Sanchéz Ramírez. "Structural Characteristics and Chemical Reactivity of Doped Graphene Nanosheets." Graphene 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/graph.2013.1008.

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45

Denis, Pablo A. "Chemical Reactivity of Electron-Doped and Hole-Doped Graphene." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117, no. 8 (February 12, 2013): 3895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp306544m.

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Park, Myung Jin, Hae-Hyun Choi, Baekwon Park, Jae Yoon Lee, Chul-Ho Lee, Yong Seok Choi, Youngsoo Kim, Je Min Yoo, Hyukjin Lee, and Byung Hee Hong. "Enhanced Chemical Reactivity of Graphene by Fermi Level Modulation." Chemistry of Materials 30, no. 16 (August 2018): 5602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01614.

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Denis, Pablo A. "Chemical Reactivity of Lithium Doped Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115, no. 27 (June 17, 2011): 13392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp203547b.

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48

Bissett, Mark A., Satoru Konabe, Susumu Okada, Masaharu Tsuji, and Hiroki Ago. "Enhanced Chemical Reactivity of Graphene Induced by Mechanical Strain." ACS Nano 7, no. 11 (October 21, 2013): 10335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn404746h.

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49

Jiang, De-en, Bobby G. Sumpter, and Sheng Dai. "Unique chemical reactivity of a graphene nanoribbon’s zigzag edge." Journal of Chemical Physics 126, no. 13 (April 7, 2007): 134701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2715558.

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50

Denis, Pablo A., and C. Pereyra Huelmo. "Structural characterization and chemical reactivity of dual doped graphene." Carbon 87 (June 2015): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.049.

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