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Journal articles on the topic 'Graphene Nano-sheets'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Fauchard, Mélissa, Sébastien Cahen, Philippe Lagrange, Jean-François Marêché, and Claire Hérold. "Gold nano-sheets intercalated between graphene planes." Carbon 65 (December 2013): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.08.019.

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2

Bansal, Suneev Anil, Amrinder Pal Singh, Anil Kumar, Suresh Kumar, Navin Kumar, and Jatinder Kumar Goswamy. "Improved mechanical performance of bisphenol-A graphene-oxide nano-composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 16 (November 13, 2017): 2179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317741952.

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Epoxy resins have been extensively utilized for mechanical strength applications in the field of aerospace, automobiles, marine, defence, etc. Improving the strength as well as fracture behaviour of the light weight materials is challenging. Present work is an attempt to enhance elastic modulus, hardness and fracture resistance simultaneously by reinforcing the epoxy (bisphenol-A) matrix with a new-age two-dimensional atomically thin graphene oxide filler. Wet chemical oxidation method was used to prepare graphene oxide sheets. Morphological study of the synthesized graphene oxide was carried out using scanning electron microscopy. Fourier-transformed infrared, ultraviolet–visible and Raman spectroscopic techniques were also employed to ascertain the synthesis of graphene oxide. The results confirmed the synthesis of well oxidized graphene oxide sheets. The prepared graphene oxide sheets were then sonicated in acetone solution to ensure better dispersion in the bisphenol-A graphene oxide nano-composite using 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.% graphene oxide reinforcement. Solution mixing method was used to synthesize the polymer nano-composite. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed the smooth dispersion of graphene oxide in the bisphenol-A matrix. Nano-indentation of the bisphenol-A graphene oxide nano-composite showed a considerable jump in elastic modulus at 1 wt.% and hardness at 0.50 wt.% of graphene oxide reinforcement. Fracture resistance of bisphenol-A graphene oxide composite as represented by ratio of elastic modulus to hardness was enhanced by 24% as compared to the pristine bisphenol-A. Our results demonstrate a promising way to improve the mechanical characteristics of epoxy resins through graphene oxide reinforcement at low weight percentages.

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3

Trusova, Elena A., Dmitrii D. Titov, Asya M. Afzal, and Sergey S. Abramchuk. "Influence of Graphene Sheets on Compaction and Sintering Properties of Nano-Zirconia Ceramics." Materials 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 7342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207342.

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The use of a nanostructured graphene-zirconia composite will allow the development of new materials with improved performance properties and a high functionality. This work covers a stepwise study related to the creation of a nanostructured composite based on ZrO2 and graphene. A composite was prepared using two suspensions: nano-zirconia obtained by sol-gel synthesis and oxygen-free graphene obtained sonochemically. The morphology of oxygen-free graphene sheets, phase composition and the morphology of a zirconia powder, and the morphology of the synthesized composite were studied. The effect of the graphene sheets on the rheological and sintering properties of a nanostructured zirconia-based composite powder has been studied. It has been found that graphene sheets in a hybrid nanostructure make it difficult to press at the elastic deformation stage, and the composite passes into the plastic region at a lower pressure than a single nano-zirconia. A sintering mechanism was proposed for a composite with a graphene content of 0.635 wt%, in which graphene is an important factor affecting the process mechanism. It has been determined that the activation energy of the composite sintering is more than two times higher than for a single nano-zirconia. Apparently, due to the van der Waals interaction, the graphene sheets partially stabilize the zirconia and prevent the disordering of the surface monolayers of its nanocrystals and premelting prior to the sintering. This leads to an increase in the activation energy of the composite sintering, and its sintering occurs, according to a mixed mechanism, in which the grain boundary diffusion predominates, in contrast to the single nano-zirconia sintering, which occurs through a viscous flow.

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4

Afzal, A. M., E. A. Trusova, and A. A. Konovalov. "Obtaining hybrid nanostructures based on graphene and nano-ZrO2." Perspektivnye Materialy 10 (2022): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-10-52-63.

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A technologically promising method for obtaining nanostructured graphene/ZrO2 has been proposed. Its main idea is to use suspensions of graphene and nano-ZrO2 and create conditions for the interaction of graphene sheets and ZrO2 crystallites to form a hybrid nanostructured powder without the formation of new chemical bonds. The oxygen-free graphene sheets with thickness of several nanometers were obtained by sonochemical method in N,N-dimethyloctylamine-aqua emulsion. Nano-ZrO2 powder with average crystallite size of 8.1 nm was synthesized by sol-gel method. The morphology and phase composition of all synthesized objects (nano-ZrO2, graphene, composite) were studied by using a set of instrumental methods (transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, diffusion aerosol spectrometry (DAS) and elemental analysis). It was shown that the proposed method allows obtain chemically homogeneous mesoporous hybrid powders consisting of graphene sheets and ZrO2 crystallites with a size of 8 – 13 nm fixed on them. We investigated an effect of duration of ultrasonic impact to graphite on the morphology of the hybrid and the mechanism of its formation. According to the results of a comprehensive analysis of the obtained data, the mechanisms for the formation of graphene suspension in emulsion and a nanostructured hybrid during the interaction of crystalline ZrO2 and oxygen-free graphene sheets in an aqueous-organic medium was proposed. The developed hybrid nanostructures are highly demanded innovative raw-products in the production of (photo)catalysts for a wide range of processes, sensor, ceramic and electrical materials, and materials for medical and biological purposes.

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5

Yengejeh, Sadegh Imani, Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi, Oleksandr Ivasenko, and Andreas Öchsner. "Simulations of Graphene Sheets Based on the Finite Element Method and Density Functional Theory: Comparison of the Geometry Modeling under the Influence of Defects." Journal of Nano Research 47 (May 2017): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.47.128.

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In the present research, imperfect graphene sheets were generated and their vibrational property was studied via finite element analysis. The effect of vacant sites in the arrangement of these nano-structures was examined. The fundamental frequency of the defect free and imperfect nano-sheets was acquired based on two different approaches. The first approach was a pure finite element simulation. The second approach for comparison purpose was a recently reported refined finite element simulation at which the vicinity of a defect was first evaluated according to the density functional theory (DFT) and then the refined geometry was implemented into a finite element model. The findings of this research show that the fundamental frequency of graphene sheets decreases by presenting microscopic imperfection to the formation of these nano-materials. In addition, it was pointed out that the geometry based on the more precise DFT simulations gives a higher decrease in the fundamental frequency of the sheets for all considered cases.

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6

Siburian, R., H. Sihotang, S. Lumban Raja, M. Supeno, and C. Simanjuntak. "New Route to Synthesize of Graphene Nano Sheets." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340120.

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7

Siburian, Rikson, Dewiratih Dewiratih, Andiayani Andiayani, Sabarmin Perangin-Angin, Helmina Sembiring, Herlince Sihotang, Saur Lumban Raja, et al. "Facile Method to Synthesize N-Graphene Nano Sheets." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (August 25, 2018): 1978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404035.

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8

Al-Tamimi, B. H., S. B. H. Farid, and F. A. Chyad. "Modified Unzipping Technique to Prepare Graphene Nano-Sheets." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1003 (May 2018): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1003/1/012020.

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9

Dey, Abhijit, Vinit Nangare, Priyesh V. More, Md Abdul Shafeeuulla Khan, Pawan K. Khanna, Arun Kanti Sikder, and Santanu Chattopadhyay. "A graphene titanium dioxide nanocomposite (GTNC): one pot green synthesis and its application in a solid rocket propellant." RSC Advances 5, no. 78 (2015): 63777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09295g.

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A green process was developed for a graphene–titanium dioxide nanocomposite (GTNC) synthesis by dispersing titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles and graphene nano-sheets (GNSs) in ethanolviaultrasonication followed by microwave irradiation.

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10

Rivera, Jose L., Francisco Villanueva-Mejia, Pedro Navarro-Santos, and Francis W. Starr. "Desalination by dragging water using a low-energy nano-mechanical device of porous graphene." RSC Advances 7, no. 85 (2017): 53729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09847b.

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11

Boothroyd, Simon, and Jamshed Anwar. "Conceptual, self-assembling graphene nanocontainers." Nanoscale 7, no. 28 (2015): 12104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr02825f.

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12

Irfan, Syed, Guang-xing Liang, Fu Li, Yue-xing Chen, Syed Rizwan, Jingcheng Jin, Zheng Zhuanghao, and Fan Ping. "Effect of Graphene Oxide Nano-Sheets on Structural, Morphological and Photocatalytic Activity of BiFeO3-Based Nanostructures." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091337.

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Photocatalysts are widely used for the elimination of organic contaminants from waste-water and H2 evaluation by water-splitting. Herein, the nanohybrids of lanthanum (La) and selenium (Se) co-doped bismuth ferrites with graphene oxide were synthesized. A structural analysis from X-ray diffraction confirmed the transition of phases from rhombohedral to the distorted orthorhombic. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the graphene nano-sheets homogenously covered La–Se co-doped bismuth ferrites nanoparticles, particularly the (Bi0.92La0.08Fe0.50Se0.50O3–graphene oxide) LBFSe50-G sample. Moreover, the band-gap nanohybrids of La–Se co-doped bismuth ferrites were estimated from diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), which showed a variation from 1.84 to 2.09 eV, because the lowering of the band-gap can enhance photocatalytic degradation efficiency. Additionally, the photo-degradation efficiencies increased after the incorporation of graphene nano-sheets onto the La–Se co-doped bismuth ferrite. The maximum degradation efficiency of the LBFSe50-G sample was up to 80%, which may have been due to reduced band-gap and availability of enhanced surface area for incoming photons at the surface of the photocatalyst. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectra confirmed that the graphene oxide provided more electron-capturing sites, which decreased the recombination time of the photo-generated charge carriers. Thus, we can propose that the use of nanohybrids of La–Se co-doped bismuth ferrite with graphene oxide nano-sheets is a promising approach for both water-treatment and water-splitting, with better efficiencies of BiFeO3.

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13

RAO, C. N. R., K. S. SUBRAHMANYAM, H. S. S. RAMAKRISHNA MATTE, and A. GOVINDARAJ. "GRAPHENE: SYNTHESIS, FUNCTIONALIZATION AND PROPERTIES." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 07 (March 20, 2011): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911025961.

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Graphenes with varying number of layers can be synthesized by different strategies. Thus, single-layer graphene is obtained by the reduction of single layer graphene oxide, CVD and other methods besides micromechanical cleavage. Few-layer graphenes are prepared by the conversion of nanodiamond, arc-discharge of graphite and other means. We briefly present the various methods of synthesis and the nature of graphenes obtained. We then discuss the various properties of graphenes. The remarkable property of graphene of quenching fluorescence of aromatic molecules is shown to be associated with photo-induced electron transfer, on the basis of fluorescence decay and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopic measurements. The interaction of electron donor and acceptor molecules with few-layer graphene samples has been discussed. Decoration of metal nano-particles on graphene sheets and the resulting changes in electronic structure are examined. Few-layer graphenes exhibit ferromagnetic features along with antiferromagnetic properties, independent of the method of preparation. Graphene-like MoS 2 and WS 2 have been prepared by chemical methods, and the materials are characterized by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and other methods. Boron nitride analogues of graphene have been obtained by a simple chemical procedure starting with boric acid and urea and have been characterized by various techniques.

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14

RAO, C. N. R., K. S. SUBRAHMANYAM, H. S. S. RAMAKRISHNA MATTE, URMIMALA MAITRA, KOTA MOSES, and A. GOVINDARAJ. "GRAPHENE: SYNTHESIS, FUNCTIONALIZATION AND PROPERTIES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 30 (December 10, 2011): 4107–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211059358.

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Graphenes with varying number of layers can be synthesized by different strategies. Thus, single-layer graphene is obtained by the reduction of single layer graphene oxide, CVD and other methods besides micromechanical cleavage. Few-layer graphenes are prepared by the conversion of nanodiamond, arcdischarge of graphite and other means. We briefly present the various methods of synthesis and the nature of graphenes obtained. We then discuss the various properties of graphenes. The remarkable property of graphene of quenching fluorescence of aromatic molecules is shown to be associated with photo-induced electron transfer, on the basis of fluorescence decay and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopic measurements. The interaction of electron donor and acceptor molecules with few-layer graphene samples has been discussed. Decoration of metal nano-particles on graphene sheets and the resulting changes in electronic structure are examined. Few-layer graphenes exhibit ferromagnetic features along with antiferromagnetic properties, independent of the method of preparation. Graphene-like MoS 2 and WS 2 have been prepared by chemical methods, and the materials are characterized by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and other methods. Boron nitride analogues of graphene have been obtained by a simple chemical procedure starting with boric acid and urea and have been characterized by various techniques.

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15

Serour, Nourwanda M., Ahmed S. E. Hammad, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Dina A. El-Gayar, and Shaaban A. Nosier. "Novel Green Micro-Synthesis of Graphene-Titanium Dioxide Nano- Composites with Photo-Electrochemical Properties." Current Nanoscience 15, no. 6 (October 11, 2019): 606–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666181212123137.

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Background: Graphene-Titanium dioxide nano-composite forms a very promising material in the field of photo-electrochemical research. Methods: In this study, a novel environment-friendly synthesis method was developed to produce well-distributed anatase nano-titanium dioxide spherical particles on the surface of graphene sheets. This novel method has great advantages over previously developed methods of producing graphenetitanium dioxide nanocomposites (GTNCs). High calcination temperature 650°C was used in the preparation of nano titanium dioxide, and chemical exfoliation for graphene synthesis and GTNC was performed by our novel method of depositing titanium dioxide nanoparticles on graphene sheets using a Y-shaped micro-reactor under a controlled pumping rate with minimal use of chemicals. Results: The physiochemical and crystallographic properties of the GTNC were confirmed by TEM, XRD, FTIR and EDX measurements, confirming process repeatability. Spherical nano-titanium dioxide was produced in the anatase phase with very high crystallinity and small particle diameters ranging from 9 nm to 25 nm, also the as prepared graphene (RGO) exhibited minimal flake folding and a high carbon content of 81.28% with a low oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio of 0.172 and GTNCs produced by our novel method had a superior loading content, a homogeneous distribution and a 96.6% higher content of titanium dioxide particles on the graphene sheets compared with GTNCs prepared with the one-pot method. Conclusion: For its photoelectrochemical properties, chronoamperometry showed that GTNC sample (2) had a higher peak current of 60 μA compared with that of GTNC sample (1), which indicates that the separation and transfer of electron-hole pairs are better in the case of GTNC sample (2) and according to the LSV results, the generation of photocurrent in the samples can be observed through multiple on-off cycles, which indicates that the electrodes are stable and that the photocurrent is quite reversible.

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16

Mokhtar, M. M., S. A. Abo-El-Enein, M. Y. Hassaan, M. S. Morsy, and M. H. Khalil. "Enhancement of Physico-Mechanical Characteristics of Graphene Nano Sheets Reinforced Cement." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 8 (June 25, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i8.121.

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Graphenenanosheets(GNSs) have unique physical properties that make them effective reinforcing materials. The attractive properties of graphene have led to enhance the graphene-polymer nanocomposites. This study investigates the effect of (GNSs) reinforcement on mechanical properties, pore structure and electrical characteristics of the hardened cement composites. GNSwere addedat different percentages of 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 wt. % of cement. Compressivestrengthwas determined at 28 days of curing.Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)was used to detect the phase decomposition, the pore structurewas studied using nitrogen adsorption at 77.35°K technique,the microstructure wasexamined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and finally, electrical conductivity of graphene-cement composites was also studied. Results revealed that, considerable enhancements in compressive strengths by about 33%have been achieved by incorporating GNSs into cement matrix by about 0.04%.The integration of graphene into cement has significantly reduced the pore size of thepastes and led to a considerable improvement in the microstructure, with a consequent improvement in the electricalconductivity of these composites.

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17

Yu, Yu, Yongbin Sun, Changyan Cao, Shuliang Yang, Hua Liu, Ping Li, Peipei Huang, and Weiguo Song. "Graphene-based composite supercapacitor electrodes with diethylene glycol as inter-layer spacer." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 21 (2014): 7706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00905c.

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Diethylene-glycol/graphene nano-composites were produced by a simple mild solvothermal method, in which diethylene glycol was grafted onto the surfaces of reduced graphene oxides (RGO) as an inter-layer spacer to prevent the aggregation of graphene single sheets, and wet the RGO as well, resulting in good supercapacitor performance and durability.

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18

Xu, Binghui, Xin Dai, Qingke Tan, Yuan Wei, Gonggang Liu, and Guanglei Wu. "Controlled engineering of nano-sized FeOOH@ZnO hetero-structures on reduced graphene oxide for lithium-ion storage and photo-Fenton reaction." CrystEngComm 22, no. 16 (2020): 2827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce00171f.

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In this work, a nano-sized goethite and zinc oxide hetero-structure (FeOOH@ZnO) dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets was synthesized for the first time to construct a ternary composite (FeOOH@ZnO/RGO) via a stepped graphene oxide (GO) deoxygenation process.

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19

Sadeghzadeh, Sadegh. "Impact dynamics of metallic nano particles in collision with graphene nano sheets." Scientia Iranica 23, no. 6 (October 1, 2016): 3153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/sci.2016.4020.

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20

Siburian, Rikson, Dewi Ratih, Andriayani, Sabarmin Perangin-Angin, Helmina Sembiring, Minto Supeno, Cristina Simanjuntak, and Sri Pratiwi. "Facile Method to Synthesize of N-Graphene Nano Sheets." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 22, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v22i3.a04.

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21

Jin, Zhong, Wei Lu, Kevin J. O’Neill, Philip A. Parilla, Lin J. Simpson, Carter Kittrell, and James M. Tour. "Nano-Engineered Spacing in Graphene Sheets for Hydrogen Storage." Chemistry of Materials 23, no. 4 (February 22, 2011): 923–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm1025188.

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22

Yang, Zhi, Yuhong Huang, Fei Ma, Yaping Miao, Hongwei Bao, Kewei Xu, and Paul K. Chu. "Energy dissipation in mechanical loading of nano-grained graphene sheets." RSC Advances 6, no. 65 (2016): 60856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05167g.

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23

Guan, Yongji, Qunfeng Shao, Wenqiong Chen, Jiao Zhang, Xiaoping Zhang, and Youquan Deng. "Flow-induced voltage generation by driving imidazolium-based ionic liquids over a graphene nano-channel." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 25 (2018): 11941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02629g.

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In this study, the flow-induced voltage is investigated by driving the pure bulk room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Emim][BF₄]) flowing over a graphene nano-channel consisting of two parallel single-layered graphene sheets using molecular dynamics simulation for the first time.

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24

Monfared Zanjani, Jamal Seyyed, Burcu Saner Okan, Yusuf Ziya Menceloglu, and Mehmet Yildiz. "Nano-engineered design and manufacturing of high-performance epoxy matrix composites with carbon fiber/selectively integrated graphene as multi-scale reinforcements." RSC Advances 6, no. 12 (2016): 9495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23665g.

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Three different architectural designs are developed for manufacturing advanced multi-scale reinforced epoxy based composites in which graphene sheets and carbon fibers are utilized as nano- and micro-scale reinforcements, respectively.

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25

Saha, Sanjit, Milan Jana, Pranab Samanta, Naresh Chandra Murmu, Nam Hoon Kim, Tapas Kuila, and Joong Hee Lee. "Hydrothermal synthesis of Fe3O4/RGO composites and investigation of electrochemical performances for energy storage applications." RSC Adv. 4, no. 84 (2014): 44777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra07388f.

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26

Khai, Tran Van. "SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENE NANOSHEETS USING A MICROWAVE–ASSISTED METHOD." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 1B (March 23, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/1b/12088.

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In this research, few–layer–graphene (FLG) sheets had been successfully fabricated by using a microwave–assisted method. First, graphite intercalation compounds were prepared from potassium–tetrahydrofuran (K–THF) –expanded graphite by solvothermal process, and then the exfoliation was assisted by microwave radiation and sonication process. The resulted nano–graphene has average thickness about ~ 2 nm with a lateral size of 3–7 μm. Raman analysis showed that the as–synthesized graphene nanosheets contain only a few numbers of structural defects or impurities. X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra revealed that the nano–graphene consisted of several peaks similar to those of graphite, indicating the effectiveness of the solvothermal reduction method in lowering the oxygen level. The electrical conductivity of the as–synthesized nano–graphene was measured to be 170 S/m. In contrast to the Hummer method, the method is simple, inexpensive, and does not generate toxic gas. This simple method could provide the synthesis of high quality nano–graphene on a large scale.

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27

Wen, Zhong Quan, Min Li, Fei Li, Shi Jin Zhu, Xiao Ying Liu, Yu Xin Zhang, Tushar Kumeria, et al. "Morphology-controlled MnO2–graphene oxide–diatomaceous earth 3-dimensional (3D) composites for high-performance supercapacitors." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 3 (2016): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04082e.

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28

He, Linxiang, and Sie Chin Tjong. "Facile synthesis of silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a hybrid filler material for electrically conductive polymer composites." RSC Advances 5, no. 20 (2015): 15070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00257e.

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Nano silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ag–RGO) sheets were synthesized by simply dissolving graphite oxide and silver nitrate inN,N-dimethylformamide and keeping the suspension at 90 °C for 12 h.

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29

Srinivasanaik, Azmeera, Amlan Das, and Archana Mallik. "Anionic Electrochemical Exfoliation of Few-Layer Graphene Nano-Sheets: An Emphasis on Characterization." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.399.

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Graphene, the most unique member of carbon family has fuelled a huge interest across the globe with its superior mechanical, chemical, optical and electronic properties. It has opened enormous avenues for humankind in terms of different applications. Since its discovery in 2004, people have tried various techniques to extract graphene, such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical exfoliation, epitaxial growth, CVD (chemical vapour deposition) etc. However, the above methods are not optimal for mass production, neither are they simple and cost effective. The present work highlights synthesis of graphene through electrochemical approach and its subsequent characterization. Pyrolytic graphite is subjected to intercalation of two different concentrations of HNO3 electrolyte. XRD, FESEM and TEM were utilised to understand the structure and morphology of the obtained few-layer graphene nanosheets (FLGNs). Scanning probe spectroscopy is a useful technique for understanding the morphological structure of a sample at atomic level. Authors have utilised AFM which shows the thickness of the FLGNs to be in the range of 5-6 nm. STM studies of graphene nanosheets revealed atomic scaled periodicity and atomic flatness.

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30

Yang, Zhi, Yuhong Huang, Fei Ma, Yaping Miao, Hongwei Bao, Kewei Xu, and Paul K. Chu. "Lattice shearing in nano-grained graphene sheets: a molecular dynamics simulation." RSC Advances 5, no. 127 (2015): 105194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra21763f.

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31

Wang, Lei, Haiqing Sun, YongLei Jia, Lixin Ge, Zhichao Ji, and Ke Gong. "Casimir interaction with black phosphorus sheets." Optics Express 31, no. 9 (April 21, 2023): 15204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.489635.

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We calculate the Casimir interaction between isotropic plates (gold or graphene) and black phosphorus (BP) sheets with Lifshitz theory. It is found that the Casimir force with BP sheets is of the order of α times the perfect metal limit, and α is the fine structure constant. Strong anisotropy of the BP conductivity gives rise to a difference in the Casimir force contribution between the two principal axis. Furthermore, increasing the doping concentration both in BP sheets and graphene sheets can enhance the Casimir force. Moreover, introducing substrate and increased temperature can also enhance the Casimir force, by this way we reveal that the Casimir interaction can be doubled. The controllable Casimir force opens a new avenue for designing next generation devices in micro- and nano-electromechanical systems.

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32

Xu, Yangshuhan, Jie Mao, Minghua Li, Shufen Wang, and Tingting Yu. "Anticorrosive Behaviors of Epoxy Coating Modified by Hydrophobic Nano-Silica and Graphene on Phosphatized Carbon Steel." Corrosion 78, no. 4 (February 7, 2022): 324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3954.

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Corrosion of carbon steel causes many losses, hazards, and contaminations to our daily life. In this article, epoxy synergistically added with hydrophobic nano-silica and graphene was prepared to provide corrosion protection for carbon steel. Graphene can act as filler to improve the corrosion resistance of epoxy, but the aggregation of graphene severely affects its application. Embedding hydrophobic nano-silica into graphene sheets contributes to the good dispersity of graphene in an epoxy matrix. Besides, SiO2 can also act as another filler to improve corrosion resistance. Hence, the synergistical addition of hydrophobic nano-silica and graphene into epoxy can provide better corrosion resistance for modified epoxy coating. A scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the microstructures of modified epoxy coating. Coating wettability was measured by a static contact angle measurement instrument. The anticorrosive behaviors of modified coatings were measured by an electrochemical workstation. The corrosion mechanism was analyzed by equivalent circuits simulation. According to the results, the modified coating with impedance of about 108 Ω·cm2 (10 mHz) at 100 d immersion still showed excellent anticorrosive performance. In general, epoxy doped with hydrophobic nano-silica and graphene displays better corrosion protection than epoxy without modification.

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Siburian, Rikson, Kerista Sebayang, Minto Supeno, and Harlem Marpaung. "Effect of Platinum loading on Graphene Nano Sheets at Cathode." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 1 (February 25, 2017): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/330114.

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34

Pokhrel, Rudramani, Jeevan GC, Nisha Bhattarai, Prem Chapagain, and Bernard Gerstman. "Potential Disruption of Ebola Virus Matrix by Graphene Nano-Sheets." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 218a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1217.

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35

Ashok raja, C., S. Balakumar, D. Durgalakshmi, R. P. George, B. Anandkumar, and U. Kamachi Mudali. "Reduced graphene oxide/nano-Bioglass composites: processing and super-anion oxide evaluation." RSC Advances 6, no. 24 (2016): 19657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra27160f.

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36

Ho, Trinh Thi Tuyet, Tam Thanh Mai, and Huy Duc Ha. "Synthesis of graphene/Fe3O4 nano composites." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i2.1182.

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In this work, we have demonstrated a coprecipitation method combined in situreduction method for the synthesis of graphene/magnetite nanocomposites (MRGO) and for its application in dye removal from aqueous media for the environmental water treatment. The Fe3O4 nano particles were synthesized by coprecipitation method, and water-soluble chitosan was used as surface-active substances to help the dispersion stability of Fe3O4 nano particles. In addition, graphene oxide (GO) was reduced into graphene by Lascorbic acid. The structure, morphology, and magnetic characteristics of the nanosized composite were investigated by analysis methods such as XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM, VSM, TGA ... The synthesis method is efficient, scalable, green, and controllable. Fe3O4 nanoparticles in size of 9-15 nm were homogeneously dispersed onto graphene sheets. The saturated magnetization of MRGO is 41 emu/g. Adsorption isotherm of Rhodamine (RhB) onto RGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were studied in a batch system. The experimental results showed that the adsorption data were much fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherms than with Freundlich isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of RhB on MRGO is 38 mg/g.

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37

Stergiou, Anastasios, Ioanna K. Sideri, Martha Kafetzi, Anna Ioannou, Raul Arenal, Georgios Mousdis, Stergios Pispas, and Nikos Tagmatarchis. "Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nano-Crystals Grown in a Poly[styrene-co-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate)] Matrix Immobilized on Exfoliated Graphene Nano-Sheets." Nanomaterials 12, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12081275.

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Development of graphene/perovskite heterostructures mediated by polymeric materials may constitute a robust strategy to resolve the environmental instability of metal halide perovskites and provide barrierless charge transport. Herein, a straightforward approach for the growth of perovskite nano-crystals and their electronic communication with graphene is presented. Methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) nano-crystals were grown in a poly[styrene-co-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)], P[St-co-DMAEMA], bi-functional random co-polymer matrix and non-covalently immobilized on graphene. P[St-co-DMAEMA] was selected as a bi-modal polymer capable to stabilize the perovskite nano-crystals via electrostatic interactions between the tri-alkylamine amine sites of the co-polymer and the A-site vacancies of the perovskite and simultaneously enable Van der Waals attractive interactions between the aromatic arene sites of the co-polymer and the surface of graphene. The newly synthesized CH3NH3PbBr3/co-polymer and graphene/CH3NH3PbBr3/co-polymer ensembles were formed by physical mixing of the components in organic media at room temperature. Complementary characterization by dynamic light scattering, microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the formation of uniform spherical perovskite nano-crystals immobilized on the graphene nano-sheets. Complementary photophysical characterization by UV-Vis absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy unveiled the photophysical properties of the CH3NH3PbBr3/co-polymer colloid perovskite solution and verified the electronic communication within the graphene/CH3NH3PbBr3/co-polymer ensembles at the ground and excited states.

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Lv, Jian, Xiaoming Cai, Qianxu Ye, and Jinming Cai. "The improvement of thermal conductivity in silica gel composite employing graphene nano-particles." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 12 (April 30, 2019): 1950147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919501471.

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Heat conducting gel sheets were fabricated with graphene nano-particles (GNPs) filler which was prepared by ball-milling method. The thermal conductivity of GNPs gel sheets (GNPs-GS) with 10 wt.% reaching 0.38 W/(m⋅K) at [Formula: see text] increased by 90% compared with the pure gel sheets (Pure-GS). The conduction of heat-sink device which was made of GNPs-GS with 10 wt.% is much faster than the one which was made of Pure-GS. FE-SEM images show that the GNPs are layered and uniformly distributed in the matrix, which demonstrated the actual exfoliation of GNPs in the process of ball-milling. This handy and cost-efficient method of ball-milling to exfoliate GNPs and further for fabricating heat conducting gel sheets is a feasible program in industrial production.

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Pajarito, Bryan, Amelia Jane Belarmino, Rizza Mae Calimbas, and Jillian Rae Gonzales. "Graphite Nanoplatelets from Waste Chicken Feathers." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092109.

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Graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs), a functional 2D nanofiller for polymer nanocomposites, utilize natural graphite as a raw material due to its stacked graphene layers and outstanding material properties upon successful exfoliation into nano-thick sheets. However, the increasing demand for natural graphite in many industrial applications necessitates the use of graphite from waste resources. We synthesized GNPs from waste chicken feathers (WCFs) by graphitizing carbonized chicken feathers and exfoliating the graphitic carbon by high-speed homogenization and sonication. We then separated GNP from non-exfoliated carbon by centrifugation. This paper describes the morphology, chemical, and crystalline properties of WCF and its carbon derivatives, as well as the structural features of WCF-derived carbons. We obtained GNPs that have a 2D structure with huge variations in particle size and thickness. The GNP shows the presence of carbonyl groups, which are mostly attached at the edges of the stacked graphene sheets. Defects in the GNP are higher than in graphene synthesized from direct exfoliation of natural graphite but lower than in graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. To produce GNP of high quality from WCF, restacking of graphene sheets and concentration of carbonyls must be minimized.

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40

Gareeb, Rehab Yassin, Mohamed Salah Elnouby, Moauyed Aziz Hasan, Simona Ticu (Cotorcea), Amorin Popa, Simona Bungau, and Elsayed Elsayed Hafez. "New Trend for Using the Reduced Graphene Oxide as Effective and Eco-friendly Nematicide." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.1.5123.

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Reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) was synthesized chemically and it was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the product r-GO is nano-sheets with non-smooth surface; the size of the obtained nano-sheets ranged from 20 to 100 nm. The well characterized nano-sheets were subjected to cytotoxicity test; results demonstrated that the nano-sheets show low cytotoxicity on the human cell line compared with the chemical nematicide. The r-GO was tested against the nematode during their life span and it was observed that the r-GO is capable to reduce the nematode gall number and egg mass of 94% and 99%, respectively. Moreover, the toxicity of the r-GO against the Juvenile (J2) root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) was also examined either in laboratory or under the greenhouse conditions. On the other hand, the treatment with the r-GO under greenhouse conditions showed higher mortality of the J2 of 98.5% compared with nematicidal treatment of 96% in a soil infested with M. incognita. Also, the same treatment was sufficient in inducting the growth of tomato plants: fresh weight of the shoot system increased with 30% and of the root system increased up to 285%; dry weight of the shoot system increased with 128% and of the root system increased up to 480%. r-GO has a high nematicidal activity and it is safe for human. The r-Go could be used as safe nematocide because it is safe, cheep, could be produced at large scale, and it is a good additive for the soil.

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Kamil, A. F., H. I. Abdullah, A. M. Rheima, and W. M. Khamis. "Modification of hummers presses for synthesis graphene oxide nano-sheets and graphene oxide /Ag nanocomposites." Journal of Ovonic Research 17, no. 3 (May 2021): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2021.173.253.

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Graphite is a based on three-domination functionalized carbon content made up of millions of graphene layers. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide\Ag nanocomposites (GO-Ag) have been synthesized in a single layer using a modified Hummer method. The morphology and structural characteristics of GO and GO-Ag nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmitted electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of TEM indicated the single and double layer structure with thickness of 4-6 nm for GO Nano-sheets prepared in this analysis. The particles size of silver on a surface of GO was to be less than 20 nm.

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42

Sun, Yu, Zheng Zheng, Jiangtao Cheng, Jianwei Liu, Jiansheng Liu, and Shuna Li. "The un-symmetric hybridization of graphene surface plasmons incorporating graphene sheets and nano-ribbons." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 24 (December 9, 2013): 241116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4848100.

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43

Wahid, M. Haniff, Ela Eroglu, Sian M. LaVars, Kelly Newton, Christopher T. Gibson, Uwe H. Stroeher, Xianjue Chen, Ramiz A. Boulos, Colin L. Raston, and Sarah-L. Harmer. "Microencapsulation of bacterial strains in graphene oxide nano-sheets using vortex fluidics." RSC Advances 5, no. 47 (2015): 37424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04415d.

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Microencapsulation of bacterial cells with different shapes in graphene oxide (GO) layers is effective using a vortex fluidic device, with the bacterial cells showing restricted cellular growth with their biological activity sustained.

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44

Huang, Jia-qi, Kunming Liu, Xinlong Song, Guocheng Zheng, Qing Chen, Jiadi Sun, Haozhe Jin, et al. "Incorporation of Al₂O₃, GO, and Al₂O₃@GO nanoparticles into water-borne epoxy coatings: abrasion and corrosion resistance." RSC Advances 12, no. 38 (2022): 24804–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra04223a.

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Nano-Al2O3 particles and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), and then dispersed in epoxy resin, and finally modified-Al2O3/epoxy, modified-GO/epoxy and modified-Al2O3@GO/epoxy composite coatings were prepared on steel sheets by the scraping stick method.

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45

Hamed, A. T., E. S. Mosa, Amir Mahdy, Ismail G. El-Batanony, Omayma A. Elkady, and Ashraf K.E. "IMPACT OF PROCESS CONTROLLING AGENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF COPPER /GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITE." International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review 03, no. 05 (2022): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52267/ijaser.2022.3503.

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Copper-graphene nano composite is prepared with 0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,1.25 and 1.50 wt.% graphene nano sheets. Powder metallurgy technique is used for the preparation process. In which copper powder is mechanically milled with nano graphene sheet by 10: 1 ball to powder ratio, and 400 rpm for 12 hr. milling time. The mixtures are compacted by a uniaxial press under 700 Mpa pressure. The compacted samples are sintered under controlled atmosphere at 950 oC for 1.5 hrs. A comparison between methanol & hexane as a process controlling agent is established. In which Cu-GNSs are mixed with methanol or hexane by 10% to study their effects on the tribological properties of Cu-GNSs composite. Their effects on the microstructure & tribological properties of the prepared Cu/Graphene nanocomposites were studied. All results indicated that hexane samples have the more homogeneous microstructure, low porosity, higher wear resistance & coefficient of friction than those of methanol samples. Also, the density is decreased by increasing graphene percent for both groups. For methanol group 0.25wt. recorded the lowest wear rate. and good microstructure while for hexane group 1.00 wt. percentage graphene is the best one.

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46

Aragaw, Belete Asefa. "Reduced graphene oxide-intercalated graphene oxide nano-hybrid for enhanced photoelectrochemical water reduction." Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry 10, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40097-019-00324-x.

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Abstract This paper reports on the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-intercataled graphene oxide (GO) nano-hybrid and investigates its application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water reduction. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of RGO-intercalated GO (RGO/GO) nano-hybrid were studied using UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The reduction of GO to RGO was studied using FTIR spectroscopy. The XRD and FTIR investigation shows the strong π–π stacking interactions between the layered GO host–RGO guest sheets. An improvement in PEC water reduction activity was exhibited by RGO/GO nano-hybrid photoelectrode, with a maximum photocurrent of − 61.35 μA/cm2 for RGO 1 wt% in GO versus − 42.80 μA/cm2 for pristine GO photoelectrode (43% improvement). The mechanism for photocurrent enhancement was studied by electrochemical impedance analysis. The PEC performance enhancement of RGO/RO nano-hybrid photoelectrode is attributed to the strong π–π stacking interactions between RGO and GO, leading to superior electron collection and transportation by RGO and hence reduced charge carrier recombination. In addition, the UV–Visible absorption and Taut plot analysis showed the higher light harvesting efficiency of the RGO/GO compared to GO, displaying a band gap of 2.58 eV and 3.11 eV for RGO/GO and GO, respectively. The findings of this work show the potential of a strongly coupled layered host–guest nano-hybrids for high-performance optoelectronic materials. Graphic abstract

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47

Siburian, Rikson, Suriati Paiman, Fajar Hutagalung, Ab Malik Marwan Ali, Lisnawaty Simatupang, Ronn Goei, and Mohamad Mahmood Rusop. "Developing Nickel/Graphene Nano Sheets as an alternative primary battery anode." Ceramics International 48, no. 9 (May 2022): 12897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.01.162.

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48

Sanukrishna, S. S., Ajin V. Raju, Anantha Krishnan, G. H. Harikrishnan, A. Amal, T. S. Krishna Kumar, and M. Jose Prakash. "Enhancing the thermophysical properties of PAG lubricant using graphene nano-sheets." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1355 (November 2019): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1355/1/012041.

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Guo, H., J. Gao, and D. Fujita. "characterization of graphene and BN nano sheets by helium ion microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S2 (July 2012): 796–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612005831.

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50

Mohammadi, S., Z. Kolahdouz, and S. Mohajerzadeh. "Hydrogenation-assisted unzipping of carbon nanotubes to realize graphene nano-sheets." J. Mater. Chem. C 1, no. 7 (2013): 1309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2tc00408a.

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