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Journal articles on the topic 'Graphene Nano-Dots'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Lee, Ki Hyun, Hun Park, Wonsik Eom, Dong Jun Kang, Sung Hyun Noh, and Tae Hee Han. "Graphene quantum dots/graphene fiber nanochannels for osmotic power generation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 41 (2019): 23727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05242a.

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Graphene quantum dots were intercalated into graphene fiber nanochannel as a nano-charger for high surface charge density. The hybrid nanochannel shows efficient ion transport behaviors and ion selectivity facilitating superior osmotic power generation.

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2

Manoj, B., Ashlin M. Raj, and George Thomas Chirayil. "Facile synthesis of preformed mixed nano-carbon structure from low rank coal." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 1 (May 18, 2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2018-0026.

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Abstract Coal is a natural energy resource which is mainly used for energy production via combustion. Coal has nanocrystals embedded in it, formed during the coalification process, and is an ideal precursor for nano-carbon dots and diamonds. Herein, we report a facile top-down method to synthesise nanodots and diamonds of the size of 5 nm to 10 nm from three different types of coal by simple chemical leaching. TEM analysis revealed the formation of a mixture of carbon dots, graphene layers, and quantum dots in bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Raman analysis confirmed the existence of synthesized nanodiamond and nano-carbon mixed phase with defects associated with it. It is concluded that graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, graphene sheets and carbon dots present in coal can be extracted by simple chemical treatment. These structures can be tuned to photoluminescent material for various optoelectronic applications or energy harvesting devices like super capacitors.

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3

Wang, Shujun, Ivan S. Cole, and Qin Li. "The toxicity of graphene quantum dots." RSC Advances 6, no. 92 (2016): 89867–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra16516h.

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This review provides a comprehensive account on the current research status regarding the toxicity of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) – a new nano material with profound potential in various advanced applications.

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4

Armaghani, Sahar, Ali Rostami, and Peyman Mirtaheri. "Interaction between Graphene Nanoribbon and an Array of QDs: Introducing Nano Grating." Photonics 9, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050348.

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In this work, the interaction between an array of QDs and Graphene nanoribbon is modeled using dipole–dipole interaction. Then, based on the presented model, we study the linear optical properties of the considered system and find that by changing the size, number, and type of quantum dots as well as how they are arranged, the optical properties can be controlled and the controllable grating plasmonic waveguides can be implemented. Therefore, we introduce different structures, compare them together and find that each of them can be useful based on their application in optical integrated circuits. The quantum dot arrays are located on a graphene nanoribbon with dimensions of 775 × 40 nm2. Applying electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 1.55 µm causes polarization in the quantum dots and induces surface polarization on graphene. It is shown that, considering the large radius of the quantum dot, the induced polarization is increased, and ultimately the interaction with other quantum dots and graphene nanoribbon is stronger. Similarly, the distance between quantum dots and the number of QDs on Graphene nanoribbon are basic factors that affect the interaction between QDs and nanoribbon. Due to the polarization effect of these elements between each other, we see the creation of the effective grating refractive index in the plasmonic waveguide. This has many applications in quantum optical integrated circuits, nano-scale atomic lithography for nano-scale production, the adjustment coupling coefficient between waveguides, and the implementation of optical gates, reflectors, detectors, modulators, and others.

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5

Liu, Yiyang, and Doo Young Kim. "Ultraviolet and blue emitting graphene quantum dots synthesized from carbon nano-onions and their comparison for metal ion sensing." Chemical Communications 51, no. 20 (2015): 4176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07618d.

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6

Ganganboina, Akhilesh Babu, Enoch Y. Park, and Ruey-An Doong. "Boosting the energy storage performance of V2O5 nanosheets by intercalating conductive graphene quantum dots." Nanoscale 12, no. 32 (2020): 16944–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr04362a.

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V₂O₅ nanosheets have been nano-engineered with 0D graphene quantum dots via a hydrothermal method, their outstanding electrochemical properties for high-performance supercapacitors are demonstrated.

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7

Zhang, Chenguang, Jiajun Li, Xianshun Zeng, Zhihao Yuan, and Naiqin Zhao. "Graphene quantum dots derived from hollow carbon nano-onions." Nano Research 11, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1617-0.

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8

Dong, Yongqiang, Huan Wu, Pengxiang Shang, Xiaoting Zeng, and Yuwu Chi. "Immobilizing water-soluble graphene quantum dots with gold nanoparticles for a low potential electrochemiluminescence immunosensor." Nanoscale 7, no. 39 (2015): 16366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr04328j.

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Nano-hybrids of hydrazide-modified graphene quantum dots (HM-GQDs)/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared from the redox reaction between HM-GQDs and AuCl₄⁻ were used for electrochemiluminescent immunosensor of carcinoembryonic antigen.

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9

Luo, Liu, Sheng-Heng Chung, and Arumugam Manthiram. "A three-dimensional self-assembled SnS2-nano-dots@graphene hybrid aerogel as an efficient polysulfide reservoir for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 17 (2018): 7659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01089g.

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A free-standing self-assembled graphene aerogel embedded with SnS₂nano-dots (SnS₂-ND@G) is established as an efficient substrate for high-loading sulfur cathodes with synergistically physical and chemical polysulfide-trapping capability.

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10

Wang, Shujun, Ivan S. Cole, Dongyuan Zhao, and Qin Li. "Quasi-Continuously Tuning the Size of Graphene Quantum Dots via an Edge-Etching Mechanism." MRS Advances 1, no. 20 (2016): 1459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.198.

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ABSTRACTGraphene quantum dots (GQDs), a nano version of graphene whose interesting properties that distinguish them from bulk graphene, have recently received significant scientific attention. The quantum confinement effect referring to the size-dependence of physical and chemical properties opens great possibility in the practical applications of this material. However, tuning the size of graphene quantum dots is still difficult to achieve. Here, an edge-etching mechanism which is able to tune the size of GQDs in a quasi-continuous manner is discovered. Different from the ‘unzipping’ mechanism which has been adopted to cut bulk graphitic materials into small fragments and normally cut through the basal plane along the ‘zig-zag’ direction where epoxy groups reside, the mechanism discovered in this research could gradually remove the peripheral carbon atoms of nano-scaled graphene (i.e. GQDs) due to the higher chemical reactivity of the edge carbon atoms than that of inner carbon atoms thereby tuning the size of GQDs in a quasi-continuous fashion. It enables the facile manipulate of the size and properties of GQDs through controlling merely the reaction duration. It is also believed the as discovered mechanism could be generalized for synthesizing various sizes of GQDs from other graphitic precursors (e.g. carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, etc).

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11

Shi, Hongqing, Amanda S. Barnard, and Ian K. Snook. "Quantum mechanical properties of graphene nano-flakes and quantum dots." Nanoscale 4, no. 21 (2012): 6761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2nr31354e.

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12

Liang, Junwei, Yuxiang Liu, Zhichun Si, Guodan Wei, Duan Weng, and Feiyu Kang. "Graphene quantum dots piecing together into graphene on nano Au for overall water splitting." Carbon 178 (June 2021): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.100.

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13

Fukuda, Masahiro, Md Saidul Islam, Tsutomu Mashimo, and Shinya Hayami. "Pulsed Plasma Assisted Cl-Doped Graphene Nano Dots with Semiconducting Property." Chemistry Letters 49, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.200108.

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14

Bhardwaj, Hema, Chandan Singh, R. K. Kotnala, and Gajjala Sumana. "Graphene quantum dots-based nano-biointerface platform for food toxin detection." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 410, no. 28 (September 14, 2018): 7313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1341-y.

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15

Shi, Wenquan, Qiurui Han, Jiajia Wu, Chunyu Ji, Yiqun Zhou, Shanghao Li, Lipeng Gao, Roger M. Leblanc, and Zhili Peng. "Synthesis Mechanisms, Structural Models, and Photothermal Therapy Applications of Top-Down Carbon Dots from Carbon Powder, Graphite, Graphene, and Carbon Nanotubes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031456.

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In this study, top-down syntheses of carbon dots (CDs) from four different carbon precursors, namely, carbon nano powders, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, were carried out. Systematic study demonstrated that the optical properties and surface functionalities of the CDs were quite similar and mainly influenced by the synthesis method, while the sizes, morphologies, chemical compositions, and core structures of the CDs were heavily influenced by the carbon precursors. On the basis of these studies, the formation processes and structural models of these four top-down CDs were proposed. The cell cytotoxicity and photothermal conversion efficiency of these CDs were also carefully evaluated, demonstrating their potential applications in photothermal therapy.

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16

Chini, Mrinmoy Kumar, Vishal Kumar, Ariba Javed, and Soumitra Satapathi. "Graphene quantum dots and carbon nano dots for the FRET based detection of heavy metal ions." Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 19 (July 2019): 100347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100347.

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17

Zhao, ChuanXin, QiaMin Gu, GaoYun Chen, MengBin Yu, and Min Liu. "Research progress of carbon based nanoenzyme and composites in antibacterial field." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 02057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702057.

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Due to the abuse of antibiotics, more and more bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. Non antibiotic nano antibacterial materials emerge as the times require. Carbon based nano enzyme is an efficient and environmentally friendly antibacterial material with certain antibacterial effect. It has simple structure and good compatibility. It can be combined with a variety of antibacterial substances to form composite antibacterial materials, expand the scope of antibacterial and improve the antibacterial ability. This paper summarizes the research progress of three kinds of carbon based nanoenzymes including carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots and their composites in the field of antibacterial.

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18

Wang, Na, Huanghuang Xu, Shian Sun, Pengyue Guo, Yuan Wang, Chuntong Qian, Yuanyuan Zhong, and Dongzhi Yang. "Wound therapy via a photo-responsively antibacterial nano-graphene quantum dots conjugate." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 210 (September 2020): 111978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111978.

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19

Kubheka, Gugu, Adedapo O. Adeola, and Patricia B. C. Forbes. "Hexadecylamine functionalised graphene quantum dots as suitable nano-adsorbents for phenanthrene removal from aqueous solution." RSC Advances 12, no. 37 (2022): 23922–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra04641e.

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In this study, three novel hexadecylamine graphene quantum dots (hexadecyl-GQDs) with varying moieties on the surface were synthesised and characterised to examine the effect of surface functionalisation on their phenanthrene adsorption efficiency.

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20

Das, Ruchira, Priyanka Sow, Sudatta Dey, and Asmita Samadder. "A brief overview on role of graphene based material in therapeutic management of inflammatory response signalling cascades." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 21 (April 30, 2020): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2020.v21.004.

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Graphene is a novel, sp2 carbon atoms bonded, two-dimensional nano-material. Due to their favorable electronic, thermal, optical, and mechanical property, graphene and its derivatives, like graphene oxide (GO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are used in widespread applications. The outstanding potentials of these compounds in the field of nanoelectronics, composite materials, sensors, energy technology etc helped in the rapid development in their functionalization, modulatory effects on various systems of our body. GQDs has been suggested as a new nanomaterial with improved biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility and considerably low cytotoxic effects in in vivo models, and are applicable for altering immune responses based on quantum confinement and edge effect properties. The review particularly elucidates the mechanistic approach by which graphene and/ or its derivatives and/ or their nano-compound aid in therapeutic management against myriads of immunological perspectives. GQDs have unique physiochemical properties with carbon sheets showcases out-standing biological response against immunological interventions by altering the activities of t-cell lymphocytes. On the contrary GO plays a vital role in eliciting inflammatory signaling factors by controlling proinflammation and an anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, this review shall help the readers to have an overview of the biomedical application of graphene and its derivatives to design target specific drugs to regulate the immune response based prognosis andcure.

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21

Tampieri, Francesco, Matteo Tommasini, Stefano Agnoli, Marco Favaro, and Antonio Barbon. "N-Doped Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Studied by EPR." Applied Magnetic Resonance 51, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 1481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00723-020-01276-0.

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AbstractGraphene-derived materials attract a great deal of attention because of the peculiar properties that make them suitable for a wide range of applications. Among such materials, nano-sized systems show very interesting behaviour and high reactivity. Often such materials have unpaired electrons that make them suitable for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In this work we study by continuous wave and pulse EPR spectroscopy undoped and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (GQD) with a size of about 2 nm. The analysis of the spectra allows identifying different types of paramagnetic centers related to electrons localized on large graphenic flakes and molecular-like radicals. By hyperfine spectroscopies on nitrogen-doped samples, we determine the hyperfine coupling constant of paramagnetic centers (limited-size π-delocalized unpaired electrons) with dopant nitrogen atoms. The comparison of the experimental data with models obtained by density functional theory (DFT) calculations supports the interpretation of doping as due to the insertion of nitrogen atoms in the graphene lattice. The dimension of the delocalized regions in the flakes observed by pulse EPR is of about 20–25 carbon atoms; the nitrogen dopant can be classified as pyridinic or graphitic.

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22

Hossen, Masum, Anwar Hossain, and Prattay Kairy. "Neoteric Advances in Graphene Nanomaterial Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Diagnosis: A Review." GUB Journal of Science and Engineering 5, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/gubjse.v5i1.47901.

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Early diagnosis of the disease can appreciably improve the survival rate or facilitate effective treatment with different modalities. In the field of disease diagnosis; nanomaterial-based biosensing and bioimaging techniques are lifting hopes for point-of-care cancer diagnosis with ultra-high selectivity and sensitivity. Graphene, including twodimensional (2D) graphene films, three-dimensional (3D) graphene architectures, Graphene dots, and graphene hybrids (GHs) nanostructures have attracted the researcher`s interest in the field of biosensing and bioimaging owing to their properties. Versatile platforms of graphene nanomaterials make it as germane to detect the biomarkers at the early stage of cancer. This review selectively summarizes the recent progress in using graphene-based nanomaterials for detecting lung cancer biomarkers. Explicitly, graphene-electrochemical biosensors, which are classified according to sensing mechanisms and targets (CEA, NSE, hTERT, CYFRA21-1), are thoroughly discussed. Herewith, future scopes and challenges with other matrices, nano-scaffolds have also discoursed in the conclusion and future perspective. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 5(1), Dec 2018 P 51-59

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23

Ventrella, Alessia, Adalberto Camisasca, Antonella Fontana, and Silvia Giordani. "Synthesis of green fluorescent carbon dots from carbon nano-onions and graphene oxide." RSC Advances 10, no. 60 (2020): 36404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06172g.

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24

Oluwole, David O., Njemuwa Nwaji, Lindokhuhle C. Nene, Lesedi Mokone, Edith Dube, and Tebello Nyokong. "Novel nano-dyad of homoleptic sandwich-type phthalocyanines with nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots for nonlinear optics." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 12 (2018): 10124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj01707g.

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The synthesis and nonlinear optical (NLO) behaviour of three novel double decker sandwich-type phthalocyanine complexes and their conjugates with nitrogen doped graphene dots (NGQDs) were reported herein. The conjugates afforded the most efficient NLO behaviour.

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Shomali, Ashkan, Hassan Valizadeh, Alireza Banan, and Rahim Mohammad-Rezaei. "Efficient synthesis of xanthene derivatives using carboxyl functionalized graphene quantum dots as an acidic nano-catalyst under microwave irradiation." RSC Advances 5, no. 107 (2015): 88202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra19645k.

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Carboxyl functionalized graphene quantum dots (CGQDs) were applied as an efficient acidic catalyst for the coupling reaction of 2-naphthole and benzaldehyde derivatives for the preparation of 14H-dibenzo xanthene derivatives.

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Reagen, Sarah, Yingfen Wu, Di Sun, Carlos Munoz, Nuri Oncel, Colin Combs, and Julia Xiaojun Zhao. "Development of Biodegradable GQDs-hMSNs for Fluorescence Imaging and Dual Cancer Treatment via Photodynamic Therapy and Drug Delivery." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 14931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314931.

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Recently, nano-based cancer therapeutics have been researched and developed, with some nanomaterials showing anticancer properties. When it comes to cancer treatment, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) contain the ability to generate 1O2, a reactive oxidative species (ROS), allowing for the synergistic imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. However, due to their small particle size, GQDs struggle to remain in the target area for long periods of time in addition to being poor drug carriers. To address this limitation of GQDs, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (hMSNs) have been extensively researched for drug delivery applications. This project investigates the utilization and combination of biomass-derived GQDs and Stöber silica hMSNs to make graphene quantum dots-hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (GQDs-hMSNs) for fluorescent imaging and dual treatment of cancer via drug delivery and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although the addition of hMSNs made the newly synthesized nanoparticles slightly more toxic at higher concentrations, the GQDs-hMSNs displayed excellent drug delivery using fluorescein (FITC) as a mock drug, and PDT treatment by using the GQDs as a photosensitizer (PS). Additionally, the GQDs retained their fluorescence through the surface binding to hMSNs, allowing them to still be used for cell-labeling applications.

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Saud, Asif, Haleema Saleem, Nazmin Munira, Arqam Azad Shahab, Hammadur Rahman Siddiqui, and Syed Javaid Zaidi. "Sustainable Preparation of Graphene Quantum Dots for Metal Ion Sensing Application." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010148.

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Over the past several years, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been extensively studied in water treatment and sensing applications because of their exceptional structure-related properties, intrinsic inert carbon property, eco-friendly nature, etc. This work reported on the preparation of GQDs from the ethanolic extracts of eucalyptus tree leaves by a hydrothermal treatment technique. Different heat treatment times and temperatures were used during the hydrothermal treatment technique. The optical, morphological, and compositional analyses of the green-synthesized GQDs were carried out. It can be noted that the product yield of GQDs showed the maximum yield at a reaction temperature of 300 °C. Further, it was noted that at a treatment period of 480 min, the greatest product yield of about 44.34% was attained. The quantum yields of prepared GQDs obtained after 480 min of treatment at 300 °C (named as GQD/300) were noted to be 0.069. Moreover, the D/G ratio of GQD/300 was noted to be 0.532 and this suggested that the GQD/300 developed has a nano-crystalline graphite structure. The TEM images demonstrated the development of GQD/300 with sizes between 2.0 to 5.0 nm. Furthermore, it was noted that the GQD/300 can detect Fe3+ in a very selective manner, and hence the developed GQD/300 was successfully used for the metal ion sensing application.

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Erdal, Nejla B., and Minna Hakkarainen. "Construction of Bioactive and Reinforced Bioresorbable Nanocomposites by Reduced Nano-Graphene Oxide Carbon Dots." Biomacromolecules 19, no. 3 (February 13, 2018): 1074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00207.

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Chinnusamy Jayanthi, Sowbaranigha, Ravneet Kaur, and Folarin Erogbogbo. "Graphene Quantum Dot - Titania Nanoparticle Composite for Photocatalytic Water Splitting." MRS Advances 1, no. 28 (2016): 2071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.470.

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ABSTRACTGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) of different sizes were synthesized by the top-down approach, using charcoal as the precursor material. Size and absorption characteristics of synthesized GQDs were analyzed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), and UV-vis Spectroscopy. The results showed that GQDs with an average height of 8.5 nm, synthesized at a relatively lower temperature of 85°C, exhibited higher UV and visible light absorption. GQD concentration was varied to form 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt.% GQD-titania (TiO2) nano composites. Surface morphology of the composite was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic activity of the samples was assessed from methylene blue dye degradation in UV irradiation at 340nm. A distinguishable trend for pure TiO2 and composites at various concentrations were observed.

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Kortel, Merve, Bhargav D. Mansuriya, Nicole Vargas Santana, and Zeynep Altintas. "Graphene Quantum Dots as Flourishing Nanomaterials for Bio-Imaging, Therapy Development, and Micro-Supercapacitors." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090866.

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considerably a new member of the carbon family and shine amongst other members, thanks to their superior electrochemical, optical, and structural properties as well as biocompatibility features that enable us to engage them in various bioengineering purposes. Especially, the quantum confinement and edge effects are giving GQDs their tremendous character, while their heteroatom doping attributes enable us to specifically and meritoriously tune their prospective characteristics for innumerable operations. Considering the substantial role offered by GQDs in the area of biomedicine and nanoscience, through this review paper, we primarily focus on their applications in bio-imaging, micro-supercapacitors, as well as in therapy development. The size-dependent aspects, functionalization, and particular utilization of the GQDs are discussed in detail with respect to their distinct nano-bio-technological applications.

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Ghandchi, Majid, Ghafar Darvish, and Mohammad Kazem Moravvej-Farshi. "Properties of Bilayer Graphene Quantum Dots for Integrated Optics: An Ab Initio Study." Photonics 7, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030078.

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Due to their bandgap engineering capabilities for optoelectronics applications, the study of nano-graphene has been a topic of interest to researchers in recent years. Using a first-principles study based on density functional theory (DFT) and thermal DFT, we investigated the electronic structures and optical properties of bilayer graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The dielectric tensors, absorption spectra, and the refractive indexes of the bilayer GQDs were obtained for both in-plane and out-of-plane polarization. In addition, we calculated the absorption spectra via time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) in the linear response regime. The TDDFT results show that a blue shift occurs in the absorption spectrum, which is consistent with the experimental results. In this investigation, we consider triangular and hexagonal GQDs of various sizes with zigzag and armchair edges. Our simulations show that unlike monolayer GQDs, for which light absorption for out-of-plane polarization occurs in the ultraviolet wavelength range of 85–250 nm, the out-of-plane polarization light absorption peaks in the bilayer GQDs appear in the near-infrared range of 500–1600 nm, similar to those in bilayer graphene sheets. The out-of-plane polarization light absorption peaks in the near-infrared range make bilayer GQDs suitable for integrated optics and optical communication applications.

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Kearns, Oisin, Adalberto Camisasca, and Silvia Giordani. "Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated Carbon Nanomaterials for Enhanced Tumour Targeting Ability." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010048.

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been implemented for chemo and photothermal therapy to target tumour cells overexpressing the CD44+ receptor. HA-targeting hybrid systems allows carbon nanomaterial (CNM) carriers to efficiently deliver anticancer drugs, such as doxorubicin and gemcitabine, to the tumour sites. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are grouped for a detailed review of the novel nanocomposites for cancer therapy. Some CNMs proved to be more successful than others in terms of stability and effectiveness at removing relative tumour volume. While the literature has been focused primarily on the CNTs and GO, other CNMs such as carbon nano-onions (CNOs) proved quite promising for targeted drug delivery using HA. Near-infrared laser photoablation is also reviewed as a primary method of cancer therapy—it can be used alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy to achieve promising chemo-photothermal therapy protocols. This review aims to give a background into HA and why it is a successful cancer-targeting component of current CNM-based drug delivery systems.

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Wang, Wenshuo, Dawei He, Jiahua Duan, Ming Fu, Xiqing Zhang, Hongpeng Wu, Yin Hu, and Yongsheng Wang. "Modulated photoluminescence of graphene quantum dots in the vicinity of an individual silver nano-octahedron." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 16, no. 10 (2014): 4504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp53660b.

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Kim, Jong-Won, Myeongkun Kim, Kyung Kwan Lee, Kwang Hyo Chung, and Chang-Soo Lee. "Effects of Graphene Oxide-Gold Nanoparticles Nanocomposite on Highly Sensitive Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Detection." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10101921.

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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a powerful molecular diagnostic technique over the past few decades, but remains somewhat impaired due to low specificity, poor sensitivity, and false positive results. Metal and carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots, and metal oxides, can improve the quality and productivity of PCR assays. Here, we describe the ability of PCR assisted with nanomaterials (nano-PCR) comprising a nanocomposite of graphene oxide (GO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for sensitive detection of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Graphene oxide and AuNPs have been widely applied as biomedical materials for diagnosis, therapy, and drug delivery due to their unique chemical and physical properties. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is highly contagious and fatal for cloven-hoofed animals including pigs, and it can thus seriously damage the swine industry. Therefore, a highly sensitive, specific, and practical method is needed to detect FMDV. The detection limit of real-time PCR improved by ~1000 fold when assisted by GO-AuNPs. We also designed a system of detecting serotypes in a single assay based on melting temperatures. Our sensitive and specific nano-PCR system can be applied to diagnose early FMDV infection, and thus may prove to be useful for clinical and biomedical applications.

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Mahor, Alok, Prem Prakash Singh, Peeyush Bharadwaj, Neeraj Sharma, Surabhi Yadav, Jessica M. Rosenholm, and Kuldeep K. Bansal. "Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge Technology." C 7, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7010019.

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After hydrogen and oxygen, carbon is the third most abundant component present in the cosmos with excellent characteristic features of binding to itself and nearly all elements. Since ancient times, carbon-based materials such as graphite, charcoal, and carbon black have been utilized for writing and drawing materials. As these materials possess excellent chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal features, they have been readily engineered into carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, and so forth. These materials are now widely explored in biomedical applications. Thus, the emergence of CNMs has opened up a gateway for the detection, delivery, and treatment of a multitude of diseases. They are being actively researched for applications within tissue engineering, as vaccine vectors, and for the delivery of therapeutics to the immune system. This review focuses on the recent advances in various types of CNMs, their fabrication techniques, and their application in the delivery of therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo. The review also focuses on the toxicity concern of the CNMs and the possible remedies to tackle the toxicity issues. Concluding remarks emphasize all the CNMs discussed in the review over their possible biomedical applications, while the future perspectives section discusses the approaches to bring CNMs into the mainstream of clinical trials and their therapeutic applications.

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Liu, Xiaoguang, Yan Li, Wendong Xue, Juan Ge, Jun Wang, and Jialin Sun. "3D nano-arrays of silver nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots with excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering." Materials Science and Technology 34, no. 6 (December 8, 2017): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2017.1410368.

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Ganganboina, Akhilesh Babu, Ankan Dutta Chowdhury, and Ruey-an Doong. "Nano assembly of N-doped graphene quantum dots anchored Fe3O4/halloysite nanotubes for high performance supercapacitor." Electrochimica Acta 245 (August 2017): 912–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.002.

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Roy, Souradeep, Sourav Sain, Shikha Wadhwa, Ashish Mathur, Santosh Dubey, and Susanta S. Roy. "Electrochemical impedimetric analysis of different dimensional (0D–2D) carbon nanomaterials for effective biosensing of L-tyrosine." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 014002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac2cf3.

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Abstract Electrochemical biosensors employing nano-transduction surfaces are considered highly sensitive to the morphology of nanomaterials. Various interfacial parameters namely charge transfer resistance, double layer capacitance, heterogeneous electron transfer rate and diffusion limited processes, depend strongly on the nanostructure geometry which eventually affects the biosensor performance. The present work deals with a comparative study of electrochemical impedance-based detection of L-tyrosine (or simply tyrosine) by employing carbon nanostructures (graphene quantum dots, single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene) along with tyrosinase as the bio-receptor. Specifically, the role of carbon nanostructures (i.e. 0D, 1D and 2D) on charge transfer resistance is investigated by applying time-varying electric field at the nano-bioelectrode followed by calculating the heterogeneous electron transfer rate, double layer capacitor current and their effects on limits of detection and sensitivities towards tyrosine recognition. A theoretical model based on Randel’s equivalent circuit is proposed to account for the redox kinetics at various carbon nanostructure/enzyme hybrid surfaces. It was observed that, the 1D morphology (single walled CNTs) exhibited lowest charge transfer resistance ∼2.62 kΩ (lowest detection limit of 0.61 nM) and highest electron transfer rate ∼0.35 μm s−1 (highest sensitivity 0.37 kΩ nM−1 mm−2). Our results suggest that a suitable morphology of carbon nanostructure would be essential for efficient and sensitive detection of tyrosine.

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Hoque, Md Ikram Ul, Andrew Gibson, and Scott Donne. "(Digital Presentation) In-Situ Growth of SnO₂ Quantum Dots Onto Rgo for Supercapacitor Anodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (October 9, 2022): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272518mtgabs.

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SnO2 has been studied as a negative electrode material for supercapacitors [1]. However, direct use of pure SnO2 is not suitable because of its poor electrical conductivity. In order to mitigate this issue, various materials have been incorporated with pure SnO2, including graphene which is most favourable because of its high electrical conductivity (106 S/cm) and surface area (2630 m2/g), leading to highly conductive nanocomposites, and consequently high electrode capacitance [2]. Therefore, there is a growing interest to develop SnO2 anchored graphene nanocomposites for fabrications of the supercapacitors negative electrode. In-situ growth and homogeneous distribution of the SnO2 on the graphene flakes are highly desirable, as the maximum interaction of SnO2 with the graphene would occur, resulting in high electrochemical performance. Besides, SnO2 quantum dots (TOQDs), which is a 0D material, exhibit remarkable efficiency towards supercapacitors, as they have more surface area compared to 1D, 2D and 3D nanomaterials. However, the fabrication of the TOQDs is still challenging [3]. Therefore, in-situ and homogeneous distribution of the TOQDs on graphene flakes could yield an attractive nanocomposite for the supercapacitor studies. We have synthesized TOQDs embedded reduced graphene oxide (RGO) flakes i.e.; (TOQDs/RGO) nanocomposite. A nanofluidic synthesis approach, which was applied to synthesis the TOQDs/RGO nanocomposite, leads to give in-situ and homogeneous growth of the SnO2-QDs on graphene flakes. The nanofluidic synthesis approach comprises the dropwise addition of a 1D-Sn(OH)4 nanofluid [4] with graphene oxide (GO) nanofluid [5] at room temperature followed by a stirring, sonication and freeze-drying process, respectively. Finally the freeze-dried sample was calcined at 600 °C for 6 hrs under nitrogen gas to obtain the TOQDs/RGO nanocomposite. The synthesis approach with prime electrochemical studies performance is illustrated in Figure 1. A three-electrode supercapacitor was individually constructed to perform cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It is found that the developed TOQDs/RGO nanocomposite exhibits high capacitance. The results of these electrochemical studies revealed that the developed TOQDs/RGO nanocomposite can be used for high-performance supercapacitors. References: M. Hassan et al., Tin-Based Materials for Supercapacitor. Inorganic Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Design, CRC Press: 2019; pp 119-131. Lakra et al., A mini-review: Graphene based composites for supercapacitor application. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2021, 133, 108929. Inomata et al., Dendrimer-templated synthesis and characterization of tin oxide quantum dots deposited on a silica glass substrate. Chem. Mater. 2019, 31 (20), 8373-8382. I. U. Hoque et al., One-dimensional Sn (iv) hydroxide nanofluid toward nonlinear optical switching. Mater. Horiz. 2020, 7 (4), 1150-1159. A. Khan et al., Synthesis of graphene oxide nanofluid based micro-nano scale surfaces for high-performance nucleate boiling thermal management systems. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 2021, 28, 101436. Figure 1

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VM, Aroutiounian. "Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Sensors." Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 5, no. 2 (2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000194.

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The results of studies of many types of semiconductor H 2 O 2 sensors are discussed in this review of 195 articles about hydrogen peroxide. The properties of electrochemical detectors, sensors based on organic and inorganic materials, graphene, and nano-sensors are analyzed. Optical and fluorescent sensors, detectors made of porous materials, quantum dots, fibers, and spheres are briefly discussed. The results of our studies in the YSU of hydrogen peroxide sensors made from solid solutions of carbon nanotubes with semiconducting metal oxides are also presented in the review. The fundamentals of the manufacture of biomarkers of respiration containing hydrogen peroxide vapors, which make it possible to judge the degree of a person’s illness with various respiratory diseases (asthma, lung cancer, etc.), are discussed.

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Giannakoudakis, Dimitrios A., Foteini F. Zormpa, Antigoni G. Margellou, Abdul Qayyum, Ramón Fernando Colmenares-Quintero, Christophe Len, Juan Carlos Colmenares, and Konstantinos S. Triantafyllidis. "Carbon-Based Nanocatalysts (CnCs) for Biomass Valorization and Hazardous Organics Remediation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101679.

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The continuous increase of the demand in merchandise and fuels augments the need of modern approaches for the mass-production of renewable chemicals derived from abundant feedstocks, like biomass, as well as for the water and soil remediation pollution resulting from the anthropogenic discharge of organic compounds. Towards these directions and within the concept of circular (bio)economy, the development of efficient and sustainable catalytic processes is of paramount importance. Within this context, the design of novel catalysts play a key role, with carbon-based nanocatalysts (CnCs) representing one of the most promising class of materials. In this review, a wide range of CnCs utilized for biomass valorization towards valuable chemicals production, and for environmental remediation applications are summarized and discussed. Emphasis is given in particular on the catalytic production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from cellulose or starch-rich food waste, the hydrogenolysis of lignin towards high bio-oil yields enriched predominately in alkyl and oxygenated phenolic monomers, the photocatalytic, sonocatalytic or sonophotocatalytic selective partial oxidation of 5-HMF to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) and the decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous matrixes. The carbonaceous materials were utilized as stand-alone catalysts or as supports of (nano)metals are various types of activated micro/mesoporous carbons, graphene/graphite and the chemically modified counterparts like graphite oxide and reduced graphite oxide, carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, graphitic carbon nitride, and fullerenes.

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Mansuriya, Bhargav D., and Zeynep Altintas. "Enzyme-Free Electrochemical Nano-Immunosensor Based on Graphene Quantum Dots and Gold Nanoparticles for Cardiac Biomarker Determination." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030578.

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An ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical nano-immunosensor based on a screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) modified with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was engineered to detect cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The GQDs and in-house synthesized AuNPs were implanted onto the SPGE and allowed for anti-cTnI immobilization prior to quantifying cTnI. The biomarker could be determined in a wide concentration range using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and amperometry. The analyses were performed in buffer, as well as in human serum, in the investigation ranges of 1–1000 and 10–1000 pg mL−1, respectively. The detection time ranged from 10.5–13 min, depending on the electrochemical method employed. The detection limit was calculated as 0.1 and 0.5 pg mL−1 for buffer and serum, respectively. The sensitivity of the immunosensor was found to be 6.81 µA cm−2 pg mL−1, whereas the binding affinity was determined to be <0.89 pM. The sensor showed high specificity for cTnI with slight responses for nonspecific biomolecules. Each step of the sensor fabrication was characterized using CV, SWV, EIS and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, AuNPs, GQDs and their nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This is the first immunosensor that represents the successful determination of an analyte using four different electrochemical techniques. Such a sensor could demonstrate a promising future for on-site detection of AMI with its sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, rapidity and specificity.

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Chansud, Nutnicha, and Opas bunkoed. "Nano-optosensor based on titanium dioxide and graphene quantum dots composited with specific polymer for cefazolin detection." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 193 (January 2021): 113715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113715.

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Calabro, Rosemary L., Dong-Sheng Yang, and Doo Young Kim. "Liquid-phase laser ablation synthesis of graphene quantum dots from carbon nano-onions: Comparison with chemical oxidation." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 527 (October 2018): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.113.

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Pikula, Konstantin, Seyed Ali Johari, and Kirill Golokhvast. "Colloidal Behavior and Biodegradation of Engineered Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environment." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234149.

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Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted a growing interest over the last decades. They have become a material commonly used in industry, consumer products, water purification, and medicine. Despite this, the safety and toxic properties of different types of CNMs are still debatable. Multiple studies in recent years highlight the toxicity of CNMs in relation to aquatic organisms, including bacteria, microalgae, bivalves, sea urchins, and other species. However, the aspects that have significant influence on the toxic properties of CNMs in the aquatic environment are often not considered in research works and require further study. In this work, we summarized the current knowledge of colloidal behavior, transformation, and biodegradation of different types of CNMs, including graphene and graphene-related materials, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and carbon quantum dots. The other part of this work represents an overview of the known mechanisms of CNMs’ biodegradation and discusses current research works relating to the biodegradation of CNMs in aquatic species. The knowledge about the biodegradation of nanomaterials will facilitate the development of the principals of “biodegradable-by-design” nanoparticles which have promising application in medicine as nano-carriers and represent lower toxicity and risks for living species and the environment.

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Yang, Jinlong, Jiaxin Zheng, Lin Hu, Rui Tan, Kai Wang, Shichun Mu, and Feng Pan. "FeOxand Si nano-dots as dual Li-storage centers bonded with graphene for high performance lithium ion batteries." Nanoscale 7, no. 34 (2015): 14344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr03311j.

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Ji, Yongsung, Juhan Kim, An-Na Cha, Sang-A. Lee, Myung Woo Lee, Jung Sang Suh, Sukang Bae, et al. "Graphene quantum dots as a highly efficient solution-processed charge trapping medium for organic nano-floating gate memory." Nanotechnology 27, no. 14 (February 24, 2016): 145204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/14/145204.

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Kahrizi, Parya, Fatemeh S. Mohseni-Shahri, and Farid Moeinpour. "Adsorptive removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions using NiFe2O4/hydroxyapatite/graphene quantum dots as a novel nano-adsorbent." Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry 8, no. 4 (November 16, 2018): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40097-018-0284-3.

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El-Shafai, Nagi M., Mahmoud M. Abdelfatah, Mohamed E. El-Khouly, Ibrahim M. El-Mehasseb, Abdelhamid El-Shaer, Mohamed S. Ramadan, Mamdouh S. Masoud, and Maged A. El-Kemary. "Magnetite nano-spherical quantum dots decorated graphene oxide nano sheet (GO@Fe3O4): Electrochemical properties and applications for removal heavy metals, pesticide and solar cell." Applied Surface Science 506 (March 2020): 144896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144896.

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Vázquez-González, Margarita, and Itamar Willner. "Aptamer-Functionalized Hybrid Nanostructures for Sensing, Drug Delivery, Catalysis and Mechanical Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041803.

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Sequence-specific nucleic acids exhibiting selective recognition properties towards low-molecular-weight substrates and macromolecules (aptamers) find growing interest as functional biopolymers for analysis, medical applications such as imaging, drug delivery and even therapeutic agents, nanotechnology, material science and more. The present perspective article introduces a glossary of examples for diverse applications of aptamers mainly originated from our laboratory. These include the introduction of aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, Ag nanoclusters and semiconductor quantum dots as functional hybrid nanomaterials for optical sensing of target analytes. The use of aptamer-functionalized DNA tetrahedra nanostructures for multiplex analysis and aptamer-loaded metal-organic framework nanoparticles acting as sense-and-treat are introduced. Aptamer-functionalized nano and microcarriers are presented as stimuli-responsive hybrid drug carriers for controlled and targeted drug release, including aptamer-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles, carbon dots, metal-organic frameworks and microcapsules. A further application of aptamers involves the conjugation of aptamers to catalytic units as a means to mimic enzyme functions “nucleoapzymes”. In addition, the formation and dissociation of aptamer-ligand complexes are applied to develop mechanical molecular devices and to switch nanostructures such as origami scaffolds. Finally, the article discusses future challenges in applying aptamers in material science, nanotechnology and catalysis.

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