Journal articles: 'Graphene - Nano composite materials'

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Chmielewski, Marcin, Remigiusz Michalczewski, Witold Piekoszewski, and Marek Kalbarczyk. "Tribological Behaviour of Copper-Graphene Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 674 (January 2016): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.674.219.

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In the present study, the influence of the volume fraction of graphene on the tribological properties of copper matrix composites was examined. The composites were obtained by the spark plasma sintering technique in a vacuum. The designed sintering conditions (temperature 950°C, pressing pressure 50 MPa, time 15 min) allowed obtaining almost fully dense materials. The tribological behaviour of copper-graphene composite materials was analysed. The tests were conducted using a CSM Nano Tribometer employing ball-on-plate tribosystem. The friction and wear behaviour of copper-graphene composite materials were investigated. An optical microscope, interferometer, and scanning electron microscope were used to analyse the worn surfaces. In friction zone, the graphene acts as a solid lubricant, which results in the increase in the content in the composites positively influencing the tribological characteristics of the steel- Cu-graphene composite.

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Alhakeem, Mohammed Ridha H. "An Overview of modeling of nano-composite materials and structures." Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 3 (September 3, 2022): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/brilliance.v2i3.1703.

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The research conducted by many scientists and engineers on nanocomposite materials and continuous systems made from such materials will be reviewed historically in this article by the writers. Nano composites are a form of well-known composite material that has been improved by adding nanoscale fibers and/or particles for reinforcement. These materials may be more appropriate for industrial applications that require material qualities that are noticeably improved. In other words, because of the improved properties of materials at the nanoscale, the material properties of nanocomposites are superior to those of macroscale composites. Designers are using these materials more frequently than traditional composite materials as constituent parts in aerospace, mechanical, and automotive applications. In order to forecast how buildings made of these materials will behave under actual operating conditions, it is crucial to be aware of the research that has been done in this field. The mechanical analyses carried out on various nanocomposite structures, such as those reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTR), graphene (GR), graphene platelets (GPLR), graphene oxide (GOR), and multi-scale hybrid (MSH) nano-composite ones, will be reviewed in the sections that follow, along with the most significant aspects of the suggested scientific activities.

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Fu, Xiaolong, Yonghu Zhu, Jizhen Li, Liping Jiang, Xitong Zhao, and Xuezhong Fan. "Preparation, Characterization and Application of Nano-Graphene-Based Energetic Materials." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092374.

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Nano-graphene-based energetic materials, as a new type of composite energetic materials such as desensitizer and combustion catalyst, have attracted extensive attention from energetic researchers. In this paper, the preparation of nano-graphene-based energetic materials, the desensitization effect of nano-graphene-based on energetic compounds, the thermal decomposition and combustion behavior of the materials are reviewed. Meanwhile, the existing problems and future development of nano-graphene-based energetic compounds are discussed.

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Lazarova, Rumyana, Yana Mourdjeva, Diana Nihtianova, Georgi Stefanov, and Veselin Petkov. "Fabrication and Characterization of Aluminum-Graphene Nano-Platelets—Nano-Sized Al4C3 Composite." Metals 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12122057.

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Reinforcement of aluminum and aluminum alloys with graphene has been intensively practiced by researchers in the past dozen years. The role of Al4C3, which could be produced unintentionally or purposefully during the composite production, was controversial until it was found that nano-sized carbides were beneficial for strengthening the composites. aluminum-graphene-nano-sized Al4C3 composites were produced by us using the powder metallurgical method and subsequent annealing. The microstructure was investigated using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy HRTEM. Nano-sized carbides were found at the interface aluminum-graphene. The formation of a chemical bond between aluminum and graphene during annealing was proved. Lower values of the microhardness and strength characteristics of the composites after extrusion and subsequent annealing during which nano-sized carbides are formed were found in comparison with those obtained after extrusion. It could be supposed that the annealing processes contribute more to the reduction in microhardness and strength characteristics than nano-sized carbides contribute to its increase. The presence of a strong chemical bond between the graphene and the aluminum is manifested in the failure pattern, which is characterized by graphene nano-platelets and nano-sized carbides fracture and semi-pulled out or semi-slipped Al4C3 from the matrix.

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Singh, Abhay Kumar, and Tien-Chien Jen. "A Roadmap for the Chalcogenide-graphene Composites Formation Under a Glassy Regime." Current Graphene Science 3, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2452273204999200918154642.

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Background: Nano-composite is an innovative material having nano in which fillers dispersed in a matrix. Typ-ically, the structure is a matrix- filler combination, where the fillers like particles, fibers, or fragments are surrounded and bound together as discrete units by the matrix. The term nano-composite encompasses a wide range of materials right from three dimensional metal matrix composites to two dimensional lamellar composites. Therefore, the physical, chemical and biological properties of nano materials differ from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. The chalcogenide – graphene composites in glassy regime is the growing novel research topic in the area of composite material science. It is obvious to interpret such materials different physicochemical mechanism. Objective: The key objective of this research work to explore the internal physicochemical mechanism of the chalcogenide – graphene composites under the glassy regime. Including the prime chalcogen alloying element selenium amorphous atomic structure and their fullerene like bonding nature. By accommodating the essential properties of the stacked layers of bilayer graphene. The diffusion, compression and dispersion of the bilayer graphene in selenium rich ternary (X(1-x-y)-Y(x)- Z(y) + GF (bilayer graphene); X = Se, Y = Semimetal or metalloid, Z = None metal) alloys under the complex regime on and after thermal melting process are addressed. Materials and Methods: To synthesize the composite materials the well-known melt quenched method had adopted. More-over, to interpret the amorphous selenium (Se8) chains and rings molecular structures we had used vista software with an available CIF data file. While to show the armchair and zig-zag bonds with bilayer graphene structure the nanotube modeler simulation software has used. Results: Outcomes of this study reveals the chalcogenide -graphene nano composite formation under a glassy regime changes the individual materials structural and other physical properties that is reflecting in different experimental evi-dences, therefore, the modified theoretical concepts for the different properties of such composite materials are interpreted in this study. Discussion: The dispersion and diffusion of the high stiff graphene bonds in low dimension chalcogen rich alloys has been interpreted based on their quadric thermal expansion behaviour. In addition to this, a possible bond angle modification in the formation of X(1-x-y)-Y(x)- Z(y) + GF composites are also addressed. To interpret the distinct optical property behavior of the formed X(1-x-y)-Y(x)- Z(y) + GF composites and parent chalcogenide glassy alloys a schematic model of the energy levels is also addressed. Conclusion: To make a better understating on the formation mechanism such composites, the diffusion and deformation of high stiff graphene σ and π bonds in a low dimension chalcogenide alloy basic mechanism are discussed on basis of novel “thermonic energy tunneling effect” concept, which could result in quadratic thermal expansion of graphene. Moreover, the structural unit modifications of such composite materials are described in terms of their bond angle modifications and in-fluence of the coordination defects. The energy levels suppression and creation of addition sub energy levels in such com-posite materials are discussed by adopting the viewpoint impact of the foreign alloying elements and surface π-plasmonic resonance between the graphene layers in the honeycomb band structure. Thus, this study has described various basic aspects of the chalcogenide system – bilayer graphene composites formation under a glassy regime.

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Huang, Chien-Yu, Yu-Chien Lin, Johnson H. Y. Chung, Hsien-Yi Chiu, Nai-Lun Yeh, Shing-Jyh Chang, Chia-Hao Chan, Chuan-Chi Shih, and Guan-Yu Chen. "Enhancing Cementitious Composites with Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Materials: Surface Chemistry and Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 10461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310461.

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Graphene oxide-based materials (GOBMs) have been widely explored as nano-reinforcements in cementitious composites due to their unique properties. Oxygen-containing functional groups in GOBMs are crucial for enhancing the microstructure of cementitious composites. A better comprehension of their surface chemistry and mechanisms is required to advance the potential applications in cementitious composites of functionalized GOBMs. However, the mechanism by which the oxygen-containing functional groups enhance the response of cementitious composites is still unclear, and controlling the surface chemistry of GOBMs is currently constrained. This review aims to investigate the reactions and mechanisms for functionalized GOBMs as additives incorporated in cement composites. A variety of GOBMs, including graphene oxide (GO), hydroxylated graphene (HO-G), edge-carboxylated graphene (ECG), edge-oxidized graphene oxide (EOGO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and GO/silane composite, are discussed with regard to their oxygen functional groups and interactions with the cement microstructure. This review provides insight into the potential benefits of using GOBMs as nano-reinforcements in cementitious composites. A better understanding of the surface chemistry and mechanisms of GOBMs will enable the development of more effective functionalization strategies and open up new possibilities for the design of high-performance cementitious composites.

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S. Nasrat, Loai, Berlanty A. Iskander, and Marina N. Kamel. "Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp1770-1778.

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Epoxy resin composites reinforced to different types of carbon nano-particles have been fabricated. Carbon black (20, 30 and 40 wt. %), graphene (0.5 to 4 wt. %) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.5 to 2 wt. %) were added with different weight percentages to epoxy. The dielectric strength of composites was tested in several conditions such as (dry, wet, low salinity and high salinity). The mechanical characterization showed that the nano-composite Polymer enhanced by using these particles in the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows effect of these nano-particles on the thermal structure of epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopic test is used to characterize the dispersion of carbon nano-particles and to analysis the fractured parts in the nano scale.

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OGURO, Yusuke, and Akihito MATSUMURO. "Mechanical properties of graphene/Al nano composite materials." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2016 (2016): S0410203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.s0410203.

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Jayaseelan, Joel, Ashwath Pazhani, Anthony Xavior Michael, Jeyapandiarajan Paulchamy, Andre Batako, and Prashantha Kumar Hosamane Guruswamy. "Characterization Studies on Graphene-Aluminium Nano Composites for Aerospace Launch Vehicle External Fuel Tank Structural Application." Materials 15, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 5907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175907.

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From the aspect of exploring the alternative lightweight composite material for the aerospace launch vehicle external fuel tank structural components, the current research work studies three different grades of Aluminium alloy reinforced with varying graphene weight percentages that are processed through powder metallurgy (P/M) route. The prepared green compacts composite ingots are subjected to microwave processing (Sintering), hot extruded, and solution treated (T6). The developed Nano-graphene reinforced composite is studied further for the strength–microstructural integrity. The nature of the graphene reinforcement and its chemical existence within the composite is further studied, and it is found that hot extruded solution treated (HEST) composite exhibited low levels of carbide (Al4C3) formations, as composites processed by microwaves. Further, the samples of different grades reinforced with varying graphene percentages are subjected to mechanical characterisation tests such as the tensile test and hardness. It is found that 2 wt% graphene reinforced composites exhibited enhanced yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. Microstructural studies and fracture morphology are studied, and it is proven that composite processed via the microwave method has exhibited good ductile behaviour and promising failure mechanisms at higher load levels.

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Huang, Yu-Wei, Yu-Jiang Wang, Shi-Cheng Wei, Yi Liang, Wei Huang, Bo Wang, and Bin-Shi Xu. "Preparation of graphene/Fe3O4/Ni electromagnetic microwave absorbing nano-composite materials." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2019): 1940055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219400551.

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Graphene/Fe3O4/Ni nano-composite materials were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method from RGO, FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2O and purity Ni. The structure and electromagnetic microwave absorbing properties were investigated systematically by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and vector network analyzer (VNA). The reflectance was simulated based on the electromagnetic parameters to evaluate the absorption properties of the sample. The results show that Fe3O4 and Ni are on the surface of graphene evenly, the composites exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties, reflection loss and broad effective absorption bandwidth are −16.38 dB and 3.60 GHz, as the paraffin wax is 40% and the matching thickness is 2.00–3.50 mm.

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Mahenran, Thayumanavan, and Vijaya Kumar Kutty Nadar Rajammal. "Mechanical and Morphological Investigation of Aluminium 7075 Reinforced with Nano Graphene / Aluminium Oxide / Inconel Alloy 625 Using Ultrasonic Stir Casting Method." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 32, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rcma.320403.

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Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Nano Composites (AHMMNCs) are finding widespread use in the aerospace, marine, defence, and automotive industries due to its high stiffness, high strength-to-weight ratio, and outstanding wear resistance. Hybrid nano composite materials are commonly used in engineering applications due to their proper mechanical organisation. Mechanical property improvement of hybrid nano composites is now a prominent field of research in materials and industrial technology. Aluminium alloy 7075 was reinforced with 0.5, 1.5%, and 2.0 wt. percent of nano-graphene (20-30nm), 2,4,6,8 wt percent of aluminium oxide (50m), and 2,4,6,8 wt percent of Inconel alloy 625 and 1wt percent of magnesium utilising an ultrasonic stir casting process in this study. Mechanical characteristics of the hybrid nano-composite material were evaluated using tension, compression, hardness, and flexural tests. SEM was used for morphology inquiry examination.

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Trusova, Elena A., Dmitrii D. Titov, Asya M. Afzal, and Sergey S. Abramchuk. "Influence of Graphene Sheets on Compaction and Sintering Properties of Nano-Zirconia Ceramics." Materials 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 7342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207342.

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The use of a nanostructured graphene-zirconia composite will allow the development of new materials with improved performance properties and a high functionality. This work covers a stepwise study related to the creation of a nanostructured composite based on ZrO2 and graphene. A composite was prepared using two suspensions: nano-zirconia obtained by sol-gel synthesis and oxygen-free graphene obtained sonochemically. The morphology of oxygen-free graphene sheets, phase composition and the morphology of a zirconia powder, and the morphology of the synthesized composite were studied. The effect of the graphene sheets on the rheological and sintering properties of a nanostructured zirconia-based composite powder has been studied. It has been found that graphene sheets in a hybrid nanostructure make it difficult to press at the elastic deformation stage, and the composite passes into the plastic region at a lower pressure than a single nano-zirconia. A sintering mechanism was proposed for a composite with a graphene content of 0.635 wt%, in which graphene is an important factor affecting the process mechanism. It has been determined that the activation energy of the composite sintering is more than two times higher than for a single nano-zirconia. Apparently, due to the van der Waals interaction, the graphene sheets partially stabilize the zirconia and prevent the disordering of the surface monolayers of its nanocrystals and premelting prior to the sintering. This leads to an increase in the activation energy of the composite sintering, and its sintering occurs, according to a mixed mechanism, in which the grain boundary diffusion predominates, in contrast to the single nano-zirconia sintering, which occurs through a viscous flow.

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Umar, MD, R. Muraliraja, V. S. Shaisundaram, and Shiferaw Garoma Wayessa. "Influence of Future Material Nano-ZrO2 and Graphene on the Mechanical Properties of Al Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1454037.

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Recent developments in mechanical applications have led to the development of metal matrix composites, which represent the future of composite structures. Al7010 aluminium alloy matrix with nano-ZrO2 and graphene particle reinforced composite is created in this experiment. By adopting the stir casting procedure in two different casting, 2 percent reinforcement of zirconium dioxide and 1 percent of graphene is included in the composite materials. The composite’s metallurgical and mechanical characteristics are studied. The SEM image demonstrates uniform dispersion of the particles in the alloy matrix. The manufactured material’s ability to gather particulate matter is clearly found in SEM and EDS. The addition of zirconia particles works together to prevent the alloy matrix from dislocating, which increases the base material’s hardness as well as its tensile resistance. Similar results are also found in graphene-casting material. Results from tensile tests reveal that adding nano-zirconium dioxide particle (ZrO2) and graphene boosts the material’s tensile and hardness strength. In terms of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the Al7010/2% ZrO2 composite had a 6% increase and Al7010/1% graphene had a 5.5% increase above the Al7010 alloy. Compared to Al7010 alloy, the microhardness of Al7010/ZrO2 is 17.64% greater and Al7010/1% graphene is 14% greater.

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Madi, Lamyaa A., and Ali Sadiq Alithari. "Improvement of Tensile and Flexural Properties of Fiber Pre-Stressing Composite by Using Nano Graphene." Materials Science Forum 1077 (December 15, 2022): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-80asut.

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Fiber pre-stress composites are used nowadays in many applications that need extra strength without adding more reinforcements. Nano graphene platelets are selected to be added to the composite as it has high tensile properties. This work studied the effect of adding Nano graphene platelets with different weight ratios of 0.5%,1%, and 2% to the resin during the curing process in the presence of fiber pre-stressing of 1MP and 2MPa. The results show improvement in most properties of composites like tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, flexure strength, and modulus of flexure with the ratio of (43-57%),(35-55%),(100-134%), (60-90%) respectively. A numerical model was built to simulate tensile and flexure tests using ANSYS software. The divergence between the experimental and numerical results did not exceed 5%. Adding Nano graphene with a weight ratio of more than 2% will have a negative effect on the properties as the Nano graphene will agglomerate and lose most of its high properties that match with most literature reviewed.

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Aydoğuş, Osman, and Mehmet Turan Demirci. "Nano-hybridization effects of nano-silica and nano-graphene platelet on mechanical properties of E-glass/epoxy nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 5 (January 3, 2022): 779–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211065211.

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This study reveals the nano-hybridization effects of nano-graphene platelets (NGPs) and nano-silica (SiO2 nanoparticle), having different structural geometries on the mechanical properties, nano and micro-scale failure behaviors, and nanoscale fracture mechanisms of E-glass/epoxy composites. Tensile, three-point bending, and Charpy impact experiments were applied to determine the mechanical behaviors of 0.5 wt.% NGPs, 4 wt.% nano-silica and 0.5 wt.% NGPs + 4 wt.% nano-silica nanohybrid filled E-glass/epoxy and neat E-glass/epoxy composite samples. Failure of composite samples was examined by microscopy and SEM analysis. FTIR analyses were conducted to interpret the chemical and physical interactions between the nanoparticles and epoxy resin. Nano-hybridization exhibited the highest tensile strength and three-point flexural force for the composite samples. However, the NGPs filled nanocomposites also exhibited the best static tensile toughness and impact energy absorption. The experimental data showed that it was statistically significant as a result of the one-way ANOVA analysis. Remarkably, nano-hybridization of nano-silica and NGPs showed different fracture mechanisms at the nano and micro-scales.

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Bansal, Suneev Anil, Amrinder Pal Singh, Anil Kumar, Suresh Kumar, Navin Kumar, and Jatinder Kumar Goswamy. "Improved mechanical performance of bisphenol-A graphene-oxide nano-composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 16 (November 13, 2017): 2179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317741952.

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Epoxy resins have been extensively utilized for mechanical strength applications in the field of aerospace, automobiles, marine, defence, etc. Improving the strength as well as fracture behaviour of the light weight materials is challenging. Present work is an attempt to enhance elastic modulus, hardness and fracture resistance simultaneously by reinforcing the epoxy (bisphenol-A) matrix with a new-age two-dimensional atomically thin graphene oxide filler. Wet chemical oxidation method was used to prepare graphene oxide sheets. Morphological study of the synthesized graphene oxide was carried out using scanning electron microscopy. Fourier-transformed infrared, ultraviolet–visible and Raman spectroscopic techniques were also employed to ascertain the synthesis of graphene oxide. The results confirmed the synthesis of well oxidized graphene oxide sheets. The prepared graphene oxide sheets were then sonicated in acetone solution to ensure better dispersion in the bisphenol-A graphene oxide nano-composite using 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.% graphene oxide reinforcement. Solution mixing method was used to synthesize the polymer nano-composite. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed the smooth dispersion of graphene oxide in the bisphenol-A matrix. Nano-indentation of the bisphenol-A graphene oxide nano-composite showed a considerable jump in elastic modulus at 1 wt.% and hardness at 0.50 wt.% of graphene oxide reinforcement. Fracture resistance of bisphenol-A graphene oxide composite as represented by ratio of elastic modulus to hardness was enhanced by 24% as compared to the pristine bisphenol-A. Our results demonstrate a promising way to improve the mechanical characteristics of epoxy resins through graphene oxide reinforcement at low weight percentages.

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Palampalle, Bhanu Prakash, D. Ravikanth, D. Merwin Rajesh, B. Devika, and D. Babu. "An MOORA and WASPAS Methods Application for Optimal Material Selection from Aluminum Graphene Nano Platelets Composites." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 19187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19187ecst.

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Improved features include a high strength-to-weight ratio and good wear resistance, and so on, aluminium MMCs are favoured over other traditional materials in aerospace, automotive, and marine applications. Mechanical, electrical, electronic, and thermal properties of graphene make it an excellent metal composite reinforcement material. Stir casting, powder metallurgy, and other techniques were used to strengthen pure aluminium Graphene nano-platelets in a base matrix (pure Al) with various weight percentages to form aluminium metal matrix composites. The mechanical properties of the aluminium matrix are greatly improved by the uniform distribution of Graphene Nano platelets .

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Anis, Arfat, Ahmed Yagoub Elnour, Abdullah Alhamidi, Mohammad Asif Alam, Saeed M. Al-Zahrani, Fayez AlFayez, and Zahir Bashir. "Amorphous Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Composites with High-Aspect Ratio Aluminium Nano Platelets." Polymers 14, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030630.

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Previously, we reported that amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filled with irregular nodular aluminium (Al) particles gave simultaneous increases in tensile modulus, tensile strength, and impact resistance, which is unusual for materials. Here, we investigated the effect of the particle shape and size by using nano-platelet Al. The Al nano-platelets had a thickness higher than graphenes and clays, but lower than mica and talc, and due to their large widths, they had high aspect ratios. Due to the ductility of Al, the platelets maintained the high aspect ratio and did not snap during injection moulding. In addition to avoiding the usual drop in tensile strength and impact, the composites with nano Al platelets gave an unusually high flexural modulus (8 GPa), which was almost double that attained practically with talc, mica, and graphene. This was because of the high tendency of the Al nano platelets to become oriented during moulding. The Al–PET composite would be a more cost-and-performance effective combination for making conductive composites. The Al is a cheaper material than graphene, surface treatment for adhesion (to PET) is unnecessary, and dispersion issues, such as exfoliation and de-aggregation, are not a problem.

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Yuan, Heng, Fugang Qi, Nie Zhao, Pengying Wan, Biao Zhang, Hailong Xiong, Bin Liao, and Xiaoping Ouyang. "Graphene Oxide Decorated with Titanium Nanoparticles to Reinforce the Anti-Corrosion Performance of Epoxy Coating." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020129.

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Graphene oxide–titanium (GO-Ti) composite materials were fabricated using GO as a precursor and then anchoring nano titanium (Nano-Ti) particles on GO sheets with the help of a silane coupling agent. Then, the coating samples were prepared by dispersing GO, Nano-Ti particles, and GO-Ti in an epoxy resin at a low weight fraction of 1 wt %. The GO-Ti composites were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dispersibility and anti-corrosion mechanism of the coatings were studied by sedimentation experiments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), SEM, and salt spray tests. The mechanical properties of the coatings were analyzed by friction and wear tests. The results showed that the Nano-Ti particles were successfully loaded on the GO surface by chemical bonds, which made GO-Ti composites exhibit better dispersibility in the epoxy than GO. Compared with Nano-Ti particles and GO, the GO-Ti composite exhibited significant advantages in improving the corrosion resistance of epoxy coatings at the same contents, which was attributed to the excellent dispersibility, inherent corrosion resistance, and sheet structure. Among the different proportions of composite materials, the GO-Ti (2:1) material exhibited the best dispersibility and corrosion resistance. In addition, the composite material also greatly improved the wear resistance of the coating.

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Safari, Mehdi, Ricardo Alves de Sousa, Mazaher Salamat-Talab, Jalal Joudaki, Davood Ghanbari, and Amir Bakhtiari. "Mechanical Properties of Green Synthesized Graphene Nano-Composite Samples." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 4846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114846.

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Graphene quantum dots are zero-dimensional nanoparticles that are used widely in advanced composite materials such as filtration membranes, adsorbent materials, optical devices, biomedical applications (especially biosensors), flame retardancy, and automotive, aerospace, agricultural and environmental applications. In this article, the mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural strain and elastic modulus) of polymer-based nanocomposites will be investigated. The main novelty of the current work is the green synthesis of graphene quantum dots which were extracted from lemon juice. XRD and FTIR tests have been conducted to determine the composition of the prepared powder. The polyester resin and graphene quantum dots were mixed with different weight percentages (0.25%, 0.5% and 1% wt. graphene) and processed to fabricate nanocomposite samples. The mechanical properties of the prepared samples were measured according to the ASTM D790-17 standard testing method. The experimental results show that the strength increased from 80 MPa to about 112 MPa (40% increase in strength) by adding 0.25% wt. graphene quantum dots. The flexural modulus decreased from 2.70 GPa to 2.06 GPa by adding 1% wt. graphene content (23% decrease). The flexural strain increased considerably (up to 14.2%) by adding 1% wt. graphene quantum dots. Consequently, the ductility of the nanocomposites increased by adding green synthesized graphene quantum dots. The fracture behavior changed from brittle fracture mode to ductile fracture mode by adding the graphene quantum dots. Additionally, a flame retardancy test has been carried out by implementing the UL-94 test. The fabricated nanocomposites showed fire retardancy due to char barrier formation on the surface of the nanocomposites.

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Kuppuraj, Arunkumar, and Murugarajan Angamuthu. "Investigation of mechanical properties and free vibration behavior of graphene/basalt nano filler banana/sisal hybrid composite." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112110667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211066719.

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This research work addresses the influence of graphene and basalt filler on mechanical properties and free vibration behavior of banana/sisal hybrid composite. Banana/sisal hybrid composites were prepared with three weight percentage (wt.%), 6 wt.% of graphene, and basalt filler by a compression molding process. The improvement in tensile strength of 24.8% and 30% was noticed for the basalt (6 wt.%) and graphene (6 wt.%) filler addition, respectively. Comparing with basalt addition, graphene addition provides an 1.5 times improvement in flexural strength. The tensile fractography was also carried out and studied the interfacial bonding of the composite. From the morphology, it was observed that there was a good interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix which enhance the mechanical property of the hybrid composite. The free vibrational behavior of the hybrid composite has also been analyzed. The modal analysis shows the enhanced natural frequencies and modal damping for the addition of 6 wt.% of graphene filler in the hybrid composite.

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Cui, Xu, Jiayu Tian, Yin Yu, Aron Chand, Shuocheng Zhang, Qingshi Meng, Xiaodong Li, and Shuo Wang. "Multifunctional Graphene-Based Composite Sponge." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020329.

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Although graphene has been widely used as a nano-filler to enhance the conductivity of porous materials, it is still an unsatisfactory requirement to prepare graphene-based sponge porous materials by simple and low-cost methods to enhance their mechanical properties and make them have good sensing and capacitive properties. Graphene platelets (GnPs) were prepared by the thermal expansion method. Graphene-based sponge porous materials were prepared by a simple method. A flexible sensor was formed and supercapacitors were assembled. Compared with other graphene-based composites, the graphene-based composite sponge has good electrical response under bending and torsion loading. Under 180° bending and torsion loading, the maximum resistance change rate can reach 13.9% and 52.5%, respectively. The linearity under tension is 0.01. The mechanical properties and capacitance properties of the sponge nanocomposites were optimized when the filler fraction was 1.43 wt.%. The tensile strength was 0.236 MPa and capacitance was 21.4 F/g. In cycles, the capacitance retention rate is 94.45%. The experimental results show that the graphene-based sponge porous material can be used as a multifunctional flexible sensor and supercapacitor, and it is a promising and multifunctional porous nanocomposite material.

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Fang, Zhou, Lijin Huang, and Junjie Fu. "Research Status of Graphene Polyurethane Composite Coating." Coatings 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020264.

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Graphene material has a variety of excellent properties and applications in energy storage, biomaterials, photoelectric devices, and other fields. With the progress of nanotechnology, graphene nanomaterials have shown their advantages in the field of new nano-corrosion coatings with their high barrier structure. In addition, polyurethane is also widely used in the field of anti-corrosion coatings due to its excellent chemical resistance, mechanical properties, and weathering resistance. The preparation of composite coatings by combining graphene nanomaterials with traditional polyurethane (PU) coatings has opened up a new way for the research and development of new anticorrotic coatings. In this paper, graphene polyurethane composite coating was first used as the research object, and the mechanism of graphene material in the new composite coating was analyzed. Then, graphene oxide (GO), a commonly used precursor material, was used as an entry point for a detailed study of the properties of GO materials and the advantages and disadvantages of its application in composites, and two types of modifications, covalent and non-covalent, were analyzed. In addition, the preparation methods and processes of graphene polyurethane composite coatings were summarized. Finally, the future research directions and research focus of GO were prospected.

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Handoul, Karrar A., and Ahmed A. Taher. "Enhancement Mechanical Properties of Polymers Reinforcing by Nano Graphene." Materials Science Forum 1077 (December 15, 2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-93k88e.

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Composite resin is one of the most important materials used in all industrial and medical fields nowadays, but it has many properties and advantages that distinguish it from metals. Many problems appeared previously due to the materials used and to overcome these problems, A composite resin with great physical and mechanical properties and compatibility has been developed. Composite resins are resin filled with high compressive strength, corrosion resistance, light weight, ease of application and high transparency. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the improvement of mechanical properties represented in tensile strength, fatigue life, impact resistance and hardness For polymeric materials such as epoxy after adding nanomaterials (graphene).

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Rastogi, Sarushi, Vasudha Sharma, Meenal Gupta, Pushpa Singh, Patrizia Bocchetta, and Yogesh Kumar. "Methods of Synthesis and Specific Properties of Graphene Nano Composites for Biomedical and Related Energy Storage Applications." Current Nanoscience 17, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 572–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413716666210106101124.

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The concept of graphene in a carbon framework has given rise to enormous improvements to the specific properties of materials. Notably, the combination of graphene with polymeric, metallic and ceramic materials has significantly improved mechanical resistance, electrical and thermal conductivity, and thermal stability of the resulting composite material. In this review, we discuss comprehensive literature on graphene-based composite materials for biomedical and related energy storage applications with emphasis to the synthesis techniques and improved properties of the nanocomposite materials due to graphene addition.

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Liang, Weijie, Xin Ge, Jianfang Ge, Tiehu Li, Tingkai Zhao, Xunjun Chen, Yaozhen Song, et al. "Reduced Graphene Oxide Embedded with MQ Silicone Resin Nano-Aggregates for Silicone Rubber Composites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Performance." Polymers 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111254.

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With developments of the electronics industry, more components are being included in electronic devices, which has led to challenges in thermal management. Using reduced graphene oxide embedded with MQ silicone resin (RGO/MQ) nano-aggregates as the composite filler and silicone rubber (SR) as the matrix, a simple approach is designed to prepare RGO/MQ/SR composites. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was first used as a substrate for the growth of MQ silicone resin by hybridization, forming sandwich-like micro structured RGO/MQ nano-aggregates successfully. Then, RGO/MQ was integrated into α,ω-dihydroxylpolydimethylsiloxane based on the in situ solvent-free blending method, followed by condensation and vulcanization, fabricating the final RGO/MQ/SR composites. The effective strategy could enhance the adaptability between graphene and silicone matrix under external stimuli at room temperature by embedding nanoscale MQ into the interface of graphene/silicone as the buffer layer. Obvious improvements were found in both thermal conductivity and mechanical properties due to excellent dispersion and interfacial compatibility of RGO/MQ in the host materials. These attractive results suggest that this RGO/MQ/SR composite has potential as a thermal interface material for heat dissipation applications.

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Tselepi, Marina, Costas Prouskas, Dimitrios G. Papageorgiou, Isaac E. Lagaris, and Georgios A. Evangelakis. "Graphene-Based Phase Change Composite Nano-Materials for Thermal Storage Applications." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 6, 2022): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031192.

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We report results concerning the functionalization of graphene-based nanoplatelets for improving the thermal energy storage capacity of commonly used phase change materials (PCMs). The goal of this study was to enhance the low thermal conductivity of the PCMs, while preserving their specific and latent heats. We focused on wax-based PCMs, and we tested several types of graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) at a set of different concentrations. Both the size and shape of the GNPs were found to be important factors affecting the PCM’s thermal properties. These were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry measurements and a modified enthalpy-based water bath method. We found that a small addition of GNPs (1% weight) with high aspect ratio is sufficient to double the thermal conductivity of several widely used PCMs. Our results suggest a simple and efficient procedure for improving the thermal properties of PCMs used in thermal energy storage applications.

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Li, Shasha, Xi Liu, Jianjia Qin, Changqing Fang, and Nailiang Liu. "Synthesize and characterization of conductive nano silver/graphene oxide composites." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2021-0048.

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Abstract To meet the high-precision needs of conductive ink in the field of microelectronic circuit printing, nano silver-coated graphene oxide (GO) composites were prepared as the conductive functional unit of the composites. The results show that compatibility of the GO grafted with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is better in the organic matrix than in the inorganic solvents. The nano silver particles attached to the surface of the grafted GO are evenly distributed and uniform in size. Moreover, the conductivity of grafted GO coated with silver particle composites is effectively improved. The composite conductivity is higher than 108 S/m, which is close to the electrical conductivity of silver.

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Yafarov, Ravil K. "RECEIVING AND PROPERTIES OF NEW NANO COMPOSITE CARBON MATERIALS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 8 (July 17, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165908.26y.

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The effect of self-organization of diamond nanocrystallites in graphite and in the polymer-like carbon films was discovered for the first time at deposition from vapors of ethanol of low pressure with the use of non-equilibrium high-ionized microwave plasma. The technology of receiving nanocomposite diamond-graphite covers with adjustable thresholds of field emission in the range from 5-7 to 20 V/mm and density of currents higher than 100A/cm2 was developed. The possibility of receiving of insular carbon coverings with super high surface density on crystals of silicon as well as the quasi-closed cellular macro cell structures with transparent graphene-like "windows" in the visible spectral range was shown.

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Zhong, Hai, Chunhua Wang, Zhibin Xu, Fei Ding, and Xingjiang Liu. "Functionalized Carbonaceous Materials as Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries." MRS Advances 1, no. 45 (2016): 3037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.440.

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ABSTRACTActivated carbon materials are integrated into functionalization of graphene nano-sheets to serve as a high-power lithium cathode. The electrochemical performance shows that the composite displays the highest reversible capacity (c. 170 mAh g-1) comparing with functionalized graphene and activated carbon. Also, approximately 92% of its capacity can be retained after 4,000 cycles at a current of 1 A g-1. Moreover, the composite exhibits an excellent rate performance, a reversible capacity of 90 mAh g-1 even at 6 A g-1, which corresponds to the power density of 15.2 kW kg-1 and energy density of 227 Wh kg-1, respectively. The high performance of this composite can be attributed to the fact that the activated carbon particles not only reduce the graphene sheet stacking thus making it easier for ions to diffuse, but also act as an ion storage buffer against accelerating electron transfer.

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Abdullah, Atikah, Nurul Ainnabilah Mohd Rosdi, Mohamad Bashree Abu Bakar, Siti Hajar Mohd, Nor Hakimin Abdullah, and Mazlan Mohamed. "Effect of Graphene on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Coconut Shell Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite." Key Engineering Materials 908 (January 28, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-51to4o.

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Coconut shell (CS) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites have been prepared by using hand lay-up and compression molding techniques. To improve fiber matrix adhesion, the CS (30 wt%) was chemically treated by two chemical treatments which are alkaline (NaOH) and alkaline-silane with concentration NaOH (6%) and silane (2%). To enhance the performance of CS-UPE composites, graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) was also added as a nano filler. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of the composite samples. Mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural tests of untreated and chemical treated CS-UPE composites was also studied and compared. Overall, the use of alkalized treated CS-UPE composites showed the best mechanical (strength and modulus). Therefore, alkaline treated CS was selected to be re-prepared with graphene as nano filler in UPE composites at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt% filler loading, respectively. The presence of GNP in CS-UPE composites have demonstrated a significant enhancement in modulus properties but at the expense of tensile strength. The use of 1.0 wt% of GNP seems more optimize loading since the increment of GNP has reduced the tensile strength, which might be due to the agglomeration issue.

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Tian, Weixin, Junrui Chai, and Jing Cao. "Cement-based composites modified by graphene oxide nano-materials: porosity and thermal conductivity." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2553, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2553/1/012003.

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Abstract This study looked into the way graphene oxide (GO) affects the porosity and thermal conductivity of composite materials fabricated from cement. Different concentrations ascribed to GO at 0.02%, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.1% were added to the cement samples (as per cement mass). The porosity showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with the decrease in macroporosity being particularly pronounced. The porosity and thermal conductivity of GO-cement composites were measured. The findings demonstrated by incorporating GO, the thermal conductivity of GO-cement composites was firstly boosted, which later decreased with the largest enhancement at 0.02%. This study holds the promise of providing a basis for GO’s multi-field coupling of cement under multiple enhancements of mechanics, heat conduction, and hydration and contributing significantly to the application of GO.

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Zhao, ChuanXin, QiaMin Gu, GaoYun Chen, MengBin Yu, and Min Liu. "Research progress of carbon based nanoenzyme and composites in antibacterial field." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 02057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702057.

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Due to the abuse of antibiotics, more and more bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. Non antibiotic nano antibacterial materials emerge as the times require. Carbon based nano enzyme is an efficient and environmentally friendly antibacterial material with certain antibacterial effect. It has simple structure and good compatibility. It can be combined with a variety of antibacterial substances to form composite antibacterial materials, expand the scope of antibacterial and improve the antibacterial ability. This paper summarizes the research progress of three kinds of carbon based nanoenzymes including carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots and their composites in the field of antibacterial.

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Ponomarev, I. V., E. A. Trusova, and A. M. Afzal. "Synthesis of graphene-CeO2 nanocomposite using dodecylamine." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 5 (2022): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2022-5-53-62.

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A method is proposed for the synthesis of nanostructured composites based on graphene and CeO2, which combines sol-gel and sonochemical methods. A feature of the method is that when the graphene content is not more than 2 wt. %, its uniform distribution in the volume of the material is achieved without the formation of an impurity phase. In addition, oxygen-free graphene with a sheet thickness of 3 – 5 nm was used in the synthesis as a suspension obtained by ultrasonic exfoliation in an alkalized by KOH aqua-alcohol solution of dodecylamine. The formation of a composite in a mixed colloid occurs in such a way that the sol-gel transition and subsequent crystallization of nano-CeO2 occur on the graphene sheets. However, the chemical interaction of the latter and CeO2 in the composite is not observed, which contributes to the preservation of the sp2-electrons system of graphene and, as a result, the preservation of its unique electronic properties. The graphene sheets form a layered structure of composite agglomerates, and isolated CeO2 nanocrystals are incorporated into these differently oriented layers. It has been determine that CeO2 dispersion in the composite is higher than in pure CeO2 nanopowder. Estimating the phase and chemical purity of the synthesized composite, it can be argued that the developed method for obtaining nanostructured powders based on graphene and CeO2 is promising as the basis for an economical and environmentally friendly technology for the production of initial substances for fine-grained electrical ceramics.

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Duan, Dapeng, Baofeng Li, Parul Kumar Sharma, Monidipa Pramanik, Shashi B. Singh, and Sunil Kumar Pradhan. "Sintered Aluminum–Graphene Nano-Bio Composite Materials for the Medical Application." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 59, no. 11-12 (March 2021): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-021-00198-1.

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Singh, Abhay Kumar, JunHo Kim, Jong Tae Park, and K. S. Sangunni. "Properties of the chalcogenide–carbon nano tubes and graphene composite materials." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 627 (April 2015): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.11.210.

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Liu, Shuang, Shiyu Li, Qin Wang, Ruifeng Zhang, and Xiao Liu. "Effect of Polycarboxylate-Silane Modified Graphene Oxide Composite on the Properties of Cement Pastes." Materials 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 5313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155313.

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As a nano-carbon material with excellent properties, Graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used in cement-based materials, and the negative effect of paste workability caused by GO agglomeration has also been widely concerning. In this study, a polycarboxylate-silane modified graphene oxide composite (PSG) was prepared by coupling polycarboxylate molecules to the surface of graphene oxide (GO) via a reaction with vinyl triethoxysilane. The effects of GO and PSG on the cement paste and the mechanisms underpinning these effects were investigated using fluidity and rheological parameter measurements, and ion concentration and zeta potential analyses. It was found that, in the aqueous phase of the paste, the polycarboxylate molecular chains on the surface of the PSG complexed with calcium ions (Ca2+), thereby preventing Ca2+ from bridging the GO sheets, and thus stabilizing the surface potential and the electrostatic repulsion. This prevented the PSG from forming an agglomerate structure such as that formed by GO under the same conditions, thereby substantially enhancing workability of paste with nano-carbon material. This study provides some new foundations and ideas for the further application of graphene oxide materials in cement-based materials.

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Vardanyan, Vardan Hoviki, and Herbert M. Urbassek. "Strength of Graphene-Coated Ni Bi-Crystals: A Molecular Dynamics Nano-Indentation Study." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 4, 2020): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071683.

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Nanoindentation simulations are performed for a Ni(111) bi-crystal, in which the grain boundary is coated by a graphene layer. We study both a weak and a strong interface, realized by a 30 ∘ and a 60 ∘ twist boundary, respectively, and compare our results for the composite also with those of an elemental Ni bi-crystal. We find hardening of the elemental Ni when a strong, i.e., low-energy, grain boundary is introduced, and softening for a weak grain boundary. For the strong grain boundary, the interface barrier strength felt by dislocations upon passing the interface is responsible for the hardening; for the weak grain boundary, confinement of the dislocations results in the weakening. For the Ni-graphene composite, we find in all cases a weakening influence that is caused by the graphene blocking the passage of dislocations and absorbing them. In addition, interface failure occurs when the indenter reaches the graphene, again weakening the composite structure.

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Anjum, Q., N. Nasir, S. A. Cheema, M. Imran, A. R. Rahman, Z. Tanveer, N. Amin, and Y. N. Anjam. "Multiscale modeling investigation into the thermal conductivity dynamics of graphene-silver nano-composites: a molecular dynamic study." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, no. 2 (April 2022): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.172.557.

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This research primarily aims at the in-depth exploration of thermal conductivity dynamics of Graphene-Silver (C-Ag) nano-composites on various parametric fronts. The parametric settings and resultant experimental states are mimicked by the rigorous launch of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations with Green-Kubo multiscale modeling approach. The enumeration of thermal conductivity of C-Ag nano-composites is instigated along with three orientations that is C-Ag (1 0 0), C-Ag (1 1 0) and C-Ag (1 1 1). Further, the conductive subtleties are expounded with respect to numerous factors of practical concerns such as, temperature, length of composite, composite width and number of Ag layers.

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M a, Anu, Dhanya I, Heera S, Rinta Prakash, and Nikhila Abraham. "Raman Spectroscopic Studies on Graphene Oxide – Europium Nano Composites." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 11315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.11315ecst.

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Graphene based nano composites are receiving much importance in recent years due to the two-dimensional topology, high carrier mobility, luminescent nature, and ultra wide band gap transition. Here graphene oxide is prepared by modified Hammers method. Resultant residue of dark yellow color is filtered using Watt man No. 1 filter paper and is further cleaned by washing several times with 5% HCl solution and de-ionized water. Unexfoliated oxide is eliminated from the sample by ultra-sonication procedure for 30 minutes followed by micro-centrifugation under 4000 rpm for another 30 minutes. Vacuum annealing is done at sample at 60OC for 12 hours to get black graphene oxide powder and is labelled as Sample4. Europium (III) nitrate is added to 3g each of graphene oxide powder in 0.1g, 0.2g, and 0.3g concentration respectively labelled as Sample1, Sample2, and Sample3. Uniform mixing is done in composite samples. Morphological properties are analyzed through SEM. Surface topology of GO is like thin folded sheet, while that of Eu-GO is like that of spreading small nano materials on folded surface. Average particle size distribution is found to be 79.09 nm. Chemical composition and stotiometric ratio of different elements in the composites are quantitatively shown by EDX analysis. Raman spectra for Samples 1, 3, and 4 are shown. We can see that no shifting of peaks are observed in composites with respect to pure GO is an evidence of stable sp2 hybridisation and rigid oxygenated functional groups.

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Qi, Guo Hui, Xing Quan Li, and Jie Cao. "Research on the Phenol Degradation in Microbial Fuel Cells with Fe₃O₄-Reduced Graphene Oxide Cathodic Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.310.

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Fe3O4-RGO composite nano material was successfully made through magnetite’s deposition on graphene.The measurement of scanning electron microscope demonstrated that magnetite with spinel structure attached on the surface of the reduced grapheme oxide without any conglomeration.The XRD spectrum revealed a heterogeneous structure of various composite materials. Fe3O4-RGO nano-composites were used as a cathodic catalyst for single-chamber MFC treating phenol sewage experiment. The results indicated the output of the max power density was up to 0.283 W/m2, while the internal resistance of the cathode was 151.2 Ω, which suggests the suitability of Fe3O4-RGO nano-composites being as MFC’s cathodic catalyst.Both of phenol and glucose could be used as substrates for the generation of electricity in MFC. The output of the power was stable after a period of operation. Meanwhile, the concentration of phenol in the MFC decreased along with the extension of the operation time.

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42

Feng, Xiaobin, Ke Cao, Xiege Huang, Guodong Li, and Yang Lu. "Nanolayered CoCrFeNi/Graphene Composites with High Strength and Crack Resistance." Nanomaterials 12, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12122113.

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Emerging high-entropy alloy (HEA) films achieve high strength but generally show ineludible brittle fractures, strongly restricting their micro/nano-mechanical and functional applications. Nanolayered (NL) CoCrFeNi/graphene composites are elaborately fabricated via magnetron sputtering and the transfer process. It is uncovered that NL CoCrFeNi/graphene composite pillars exhibit a simultaneous ultra-high strength of 4.73 GPa and considerable compressive plasticity of over 20%. Detailed electron microscope observations and simulations reveal that the monolayer graphene interface can effectively block the crack propagation and stimulate dislocations to accommodate further deformation. Our findings open avenues for the fabrication of high-performance, HEA-based composites, thereby addressing the challenges and unmet needs in flexible electronics and mechanical metamaterials.

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Trusova, Elena A., Dmitriy D. Titov, Alexey N. Kirichenko, and Michael Y. Zorin. "Effect of graphene sheet incorporation on the physicochemical properties of nano-alumina." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 21 (2020): 9046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj06317j.

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Li, Meng, Xiulin Fan, Xuezhang Xiao, Xu Huang, Yiqun Jiang, and Lixin Chen. "Ternary perovskite nickel titanate/reduced graphene oxide nano-composite with improved lithium storage properties." RSC Advances 6, no. 66 (2016): 61312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09415e.

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NiTiO₃/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nano-composite was first synthesized and introduced as anode materials for LIBs. The NiTiO₃/RGO exhibits a higher capacity than bare NiTiO₃ materials over 50 cycles.

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Luo, Liming, Huiyun Peng, Hongjuan Sun, Tongjiang Peng, and Mingliang Yuan. "Research on Three-Dimensional Porous Composite Nano-Assembled α-MnO2/Reduced Graphene Oxides and Their Super-Capacitive Performance." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 8406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238406.

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A series of three-dimensional porous composite α-MnO2/reduced graphene oxides (α-MnO2/RGO) were prepared by nano-assembly in a hydrothermal environment at pH 9.0–13.0 using graphene oxide as the precursor, KMnO4 and MnCl2 as the manganese sources and F− as the control agent of the α-MnO2 crystal form. The α-MnO2/RGO composites prepared at different hydrothermal pH levels presented porous network structures but there were significant differences in these structures. The special pore structure promoted the migration of ions in the electrolyte in the electrode material, and the larger specific surface area promoted the contact between the electrode material and the electrolyte ions. The introduction of graphene solved the problem of poor conductivity of MnO2, facilitated the rapid transfer of electrons, and significantly improved the electrochemical performance of materials. When the pH was 12.0, the specific surface area of the 3D porous composite material αMGs-12.0 was 264 m2·g−1, and it displayed the best super-capacitive performance; in Na2SO4 solution with 1.0 mol·L−1 electrolyte, the specific capacitance was 504 F·g−1 when the current density was 0.5 A·g−1 and the specific capacitance retention rate after 5000 cycles was 88.27%, showing that the composite had excellent electrochemical performance.

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Wen, Zhong Quan, Min Li, Fei Li, Shi Jin Zhu, Xiao Ying Liu, Yu Xin Zhang, Tushar Kumeria, et al. "Morphology-controlled MnO2–graphene oxide–diatomaceous earth 3-dimensional (3D) composites for high-performance supercapacitors." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 3 (2016): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04082e.

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Erdem, Serkan, Mustafa Gur, and Mete Onur Kaman. "Nanoparticle effects on post-buckling behaviour of patched hybrid composites." Materials Testing 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0223.

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Abstract In this study, the effect of particle additive on buckling behaviour in laminated hybrid composite plates was investigated numerically and experimentally for patched samples. In the experimental study, carbon-aramid woven fabric was chosen as the hybrid material and composite plate production was carried out in a temperature-controlled vacuum infusion production unit. The circular holed specimens were patched on one face with the wet patch and the adhesion performance under buckling load was investigated. The buckling test results for composite plates with and without nanoparticle added to patch matrix material were compared. In numerical study, the buckling analysis of composite plates patched with nano-additive and without nano-additive wet patch method was performed with the finite element method. The numerical results obtained in the nonlinear buckling analysis for plates and the experimental results were compatible with each other. Addition of 1 wt% carbon nano tube (CNT) and graphene to the patch material with fiber angle parallel to the loading direction increased the damage loads by 22.5 and 12.6 wt%, respectively, compared to the non-additive patch. Adding 2 wt% CNT increased damage loads by 50%, while adding 2 wt% graphene reduced damage loads only 1%.

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Yu, Chengbin, and Young Seok Song. "Analysis of Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting with Graphene Aerogel-Supported Form-Stable Phase Change Materials." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092192.

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Graphene aerogel-supported phase change material (PCM) composites sustain the initial solid state without any leakage problem when they are melted. The high portion of pure PCM in the composite can absorb or release a relatively large amount of heat during heating and cooling. In this study, these form-stable PCM composites were used to construct a thermoelectric power generator for collecting electrical energy under the external temperature change. The Seebeck effect and the temperature difference between the two sides of the thermal device were applied for thermoelectric energy harvesting. Two different PCM composites were used to collect the thermoelectric energy harvesting due to the different phase transition field in the heating and cooling processes. The graphene nano-platelet (GNP) filler was embedded to increase the thermal conductivities of PCM composites. Maximum output current was investigated by utilizing these two PCM composites with different GNP filler ratios. The thermoelectric energy harvesting efficiencies during heating and cooling were 62.26% and 39.96%, respectively. In addition, a finite element method (FEM) numerical analysis was conducted to model the output profiles.

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Liang, Ji-Zhao. "Effects of graphene nano-platelets size and content on tensile properties of polypropylene composites at higher tension rate." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 18 (December 7, 2017): 2443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317746478.

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The influence of graphene nano-platelets size and content on tensile properties of polypropylene composites was investigated by means of a universal testing machine under room temperature and tension rate 300 mm/min. The results showed that the Young’s modulus increased with increasing graphene nano-platelets weight fraction, the tensile yield strength and the tensile fracture strength increased when graphene nano-platelets weight fraction was lower than 0.4 wt.%, and then varied slightly with increasing graphene nano-platelets weight fraction; while the tensile elongation at break decreased with increasing graphene nano-platelets weight fraction. In addition, the difference in tensile yield strength, tensile fracture strength, and tensile elongation at break between the composites reinforced separately with different size graphene nano-platelets was not significant under these experimental conditions; this could be attributed to the interfacial layer between the filler and the matrix could transfer some stress under tensile load.

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Abro, Shahid Hussain, Alidad Chandio, Iftikhar A. Channa, and Abdulaziz S. Alaboodi. "Design, Development and Characterization of Graphene Sand Nano-Composite for Water Filtration." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 63, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.63.2.2020.118.122.

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Water purification and filtration is a global issue and many researchers are engaged to resolve this problem by adopting the scientific approach, graphene sand composite was prepared through bio- synthesized technique. River sand was used in this context to remove the impurities already present in the sand 0.1M nitric acid treated the sand and the product was powder black in colour, referred as GSC, graphene sand composite. SEM, XRD and FTIR characterization was used to analyze the results. SEM images showed nano sized layers or sheets of graphene extending outwards.The XRD peak represents the multi lagered graphene structure which is formed by the treatment of the composite with acid and application of the high temperature during experiment UV-visible spectroscopy results successfully reveals the filtration difference between mud water and filtered water.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Graphene - Nano composite materials'

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