Journal articles: 'Graphene-metal nanostructures'

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Chatterjee, Aniruddha, and Dharmesh Hansora. "Graphene Based Functional Hybrid Nanostructures: Preparation, Properties and Applications." Materials Science Forum 842 (February 2016): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.842.53.

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The intent of this chapter is to provide a basic overview of recent advances in graphene based hybrid nanostructures including their preparation, properties and potential applications in various field. The development of graphene based functional materials, has shown their tremendous interest in areas of science, engineering and technology. These materials include graphene supported inorganic nanomaterials and films, graphene-metal decorated nanostructures, Core/shell structures of nanocarbon-graphene and graphene doped polymer hybrid nanocomposites etc. They have been prepared by various methods like chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbon on metal surface, liquid phase exfoliation of graphite, chemical reduction of GO, silver mirror reaction, catalysis, in-situ hydroxylation and sono sol-gel route, respectively. The attractive properties of graphene and their derivatives filled with metal nanoparticles (e.g. Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ni, and Cu) have made them ideal templates. Graphene and their derivatives have also been decorated with various semiconductor nanomaterials (e.g. metal oxides and dioxides, metal sulfides). These metal decorated graphene nanostructures can be useful as functional hybrid nanomaterials in electronics, optics, and energy based products like solar cells, fuel cells, Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors, ion exchange and molecular adsorption.

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Wiwatowski, Kamil, Paweł Podlas, Magdalena Twardowska, and Sebastian Maćkowski. "Fluorescence Studies of the Interplay between Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence and Graphene-Induced Quenching." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2018): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101916.

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Fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy were applied for studying the optical properties of a hybrid nanostructure, in which we combine plasmon-induced metal enhanced fluorescence with energy transfer to epitaxial graphene. Covering the layer of silver islands with a monolayer graphene, while turning on the efficient energy transfer from emitters, only moderately affects the enhancement of fluorescence attributed to the plasmon resonance in metallic nanostructures—as evidenced by the analysis of fluorescence decays. The results show that it is feasible to combine the properties of graphene with metal-enhanced fluorescence. The importance of the layer thickness of the emitters is also pointed out.

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Fesenko, Olean, Andrii Yaremkevich, Wolfgang Steinmaurer, Battulga Munkhbat, Calin Hrelescu, and Francesco Bonaccorso. "Metal-graphene nanostructures for SEIRA spectroscopy." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 701, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2020.1741125.

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Bai, Xiaoyan, Tianqi Cao, Tianyu Xia, Chenxiao Wu, Menglin Feng, Xinru Li, Ziqing Mei, et al. "MoS2/NiSe2/rGO Multiple-Interfaced Sandwich-like Nanostructures as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting." Nanomaterials 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13040752.

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Constructing a heterogeneous interface using different components is one of the effective measures to achieve the bifunctionality of nanocatalysts, while synergistic interactions between multiple interfaces can further optimize the performance of single-interface nanocatalysts. The non-precious metal nanocatalysts MoS2/NiSe2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) bilayer sandwich-like nanostructure with multiple well-defined interfaces is prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. MoS2 and rGO are layered nanostructures with clear boundaries, and the NiSe2 nanoparticles with uniform size are sandwiched between both layered nanostructures. This multiple-interfaced sandwich-like nanostructure is prominent in catalytic water splitting with low overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and almost no degradation in performance after a 20 h long-term reaction. In order to simulate the actual overall water splitting process, the prepared nanostructures are assembled into MoS2/NiSe2/rGO||MoS2/NiSe2/rGO modified two-electrode system, whose overpotential is only 1.52 mV, even exceeded that of noble metal nanocatalyst (Pt/C||RuO2~1.63 mV). This work provides a feasible idea for constructing multi-interface bifunctional electrocatalysts using nanoparticle-doped bilayer-like nanostructures.

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Ghopry, Samar Ali, Seyed M. Sadeghi, Cindy L. Berrie, and Judy Z. Wu. "MoS2 Nanodonuts for High-Sensitivity Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." Biosensors 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11120477.

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Nanohybrids of graphene and two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) nanostructures can provide a promising substrate for extraordinary surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) due to the combined electromagnetic enhancement on TMD nanostructures via localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) and chemical enhancement on graphene. In these nanohybrid SERS substrates, the LSPR on TMD nanostructures is affected by the TMD morphology. Herein, we report the first successful growth of MoS2 nanodonuts (N-donuts) on graphene using a vapor transport process on graphene. Using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe, SERS spectra were compared on MoS2 N-donuts/graphene nanohybrids substrates. A remarkably high R6G SERS sensitivity up to 2 × 10−12 M has been obtained, which can be attributed to the more robust LSPR effect than in other TMD nanostructures such as nanodiscs as suggested by the finite-difference time-domain simulation. This result demonstrates that non-metallic TMD/graphene nanohybrids substrates can have SERS sensitivity up to one order of magnitude higher than that reported on the plasmonic metal nanostructures/2D materials SERS substrates, providing a promising scheme for high-sensitivity, low-cost applications for biosensing.

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Tamm, Aile, Tauno Kahro, Helle-Mai Piirsoo, and Taivo Jõgiaas. "Atomic-Layer-Deposition-Made Very Thin Layer of Al2O3, Improves the Young’s Modulus of Graphene." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 2491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052491.

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Nanostructures with graphene make them highly promising for nanoelectronics, memristor devices, nanosensors and electrodes for energy storage. In some devices the mechanical properties of graphene are important. Therefore, nanoindentation has been used to measure the mechanical properties of polycrystalline graphene in a nanostructure containing metal oxide and graphene. In this study the graphene was transferred, prior to the deposition of the metal oxide overlayers, to the Si/SiO2 substrate were SiO2 thickness was 300 nm. The atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for making a very thin film of Al2O3 (thickness comparable with graphene) was applied to improve the elasticity of graphene. For the alumina film the Al(CH3)3 and H2O were used as the precursors. According to the micro-Raman analysis, after the Al2O3 deposition process, the G-and 2D-bands of graphene slightly broadened but the overall quality did not change (D-band was mostly absent). The chosen process did not decrease the graphene quality and the improvement in elastic modulus is significant. In case the load was 10 mN, the Young’s modulus of Si/SiO2/Graphene nanostructure was 96 GPa and after 5 ALD cycles of Al2O3 on graphene (Si/SiO2/Graphene/Al2O3) it increased up to 125 GPa. Our work highlights the correlation between nanoindentation and defects appearance in graphene.

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Xia, Kangwei, Wei-Yi Chiang, Cesar Javier Lockhart de la Rosa, Yasuhiko Fujita, Shuichi Toyouchi, Haifeng Yuan, Jia Su, et al. "Photo-induced electrodeposition of metallic nanostructures on graphene." Nanoscale 12, no. 20 (2020): 11063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr00934b.

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A practical and low-cost optical technique is demonstrated to direct deposit metal nano-patterned structures without the need for a sacrificial resist on graphene. The technique relies on the laser-induced reduction of metal ions on a graphene film.

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Chen, Hsin-Yu, Yi-Hong Xiao, Lin-Jiun Chen, Chi-Ang Tseng, and Chuan-Pei Lee. "Low-Dimensional Nanostructures for Electrochemical Energy Applications." Physics 2, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 481–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics2030027.

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Materials with different nanostructures can have diverse physical properties, and they exhibit unusual properties as compared to their bulk counterparts. Therefore, the structural control of desired nanomaterials is intensely attractive to many scientific applications. In this brief review, we mainly focus on reviewing our recent reports based on the materials of graphene and the transition metal chalcogenide, which have various low-dimensional nanostructures, in relation to the use of electrocatalysts in electrochemical energy applications; moreover, related literatures were also partially selected for discussion. In addition, future aspects of the nanostructure design related to the further enhancement of the performance of pertinent electrochemical energy devices will also be mentioned.

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Marath Santhosh, Neelakandan Marath, Ana Dias, Janez Zavašnik, Elena Stefanova Tatarova, and Uros Cvelbar. "Single-Step Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Enabled Designing of Graphene Hybrids: A Green Approach for Energy Storage Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0219891mtgabs.

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Considering the increasing demand for advanced energy materials for future energy-related applications, designing promising materials at a low cost is critical. Given the importance of structural design and morphological features of the designed material in energy applications, fabricating materials at the nanoscale with controlled morphology and orientation is important. Recently 2-dimensional graphene-based materials have emerged as a potential candidate for next-generation energy applications. However, conventional chemical and physical routes for producing high-quality graphene have certain limitations either due to the cost or the processing time. Therefore, an advanced technique for designing and processing graphene structures at the atomic scale is needed to produce high-quality materials. In this regard, safe and clean environmentally-friendly plasma-enabled techniques have been explored as a potential method to tailor different structures at the nanoscale. As a synthesis approach, plasma assembles the nanostructures from gaseous into a solid form. Therefore, this paper suggests the advantages of atmospheric pressure plasma-enabled approaches to design and engineer graphene-based materials at the nanoscale with high structural quality and controllability with hybrid morphologies. Here, a novel, single-step microwave plasma-enabled approach at atmospheric conditions used to design hybrid high-quality graphene-based nanostructures is presented. The plasma techniques allow the synthesis of high-quality N-graphene (nitrogen-doped graphene) metal-based nanostructures at one of the fastest production rates of ∼ 19 mg/min. The graphene production is carried out in the high energy density zone of microwave plasma, and the growth of N-graphene sheets occurred in the afterglow region. Spraying metal particle-containing gases into this zone allows the formation of hybrid N-graphene structures anchored with metal oxide/sulphide nanoparticles. Structural and morphological analysis of these hybrids using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques confirmed the high structural quality and distribution of metal-based nanostructures on N-graphene sheets. This fast and facile approach is expected to provide a significant impact on designing high-quality graphene hybrids, which can be used for sustainable energy storage applications.

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Khan, Mohammad Ehtisham, Mohammad Mansoob Khan, and Moo Hwan Cho. "Recent progress of metal–graphene nanostructures in photocatalysis." Nanoscale 10, no. 20 (2018): 9427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr03500h.

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This review summarizes the recent and advanced progress for the easy fabrication and design of metal–graphene-based nanostructures as photocatalysts using a range of approaches, including green and biogenic approaches.

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Singh, Narendra, Jai Prakash, and Raju Kumar Gupta. "Design and engineering of high-performance photocatalytic systems based on metal oxide–graphene–noble metal nanocomposites." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 2, no. 4 (2017): 422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7me00038c.

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Coupling metal oxide photocatalysts with functional nanomaterials such as noble metal- and molecular graphene-based nanostructures and engineering their structural and optoelectronic properties can lead to high-performance photocatalytic systems.

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12

Wang, Wei, Shirui Guo, Isaac Ruiz, Mihrimah Ozkan, and Cengiz S. Ozkan. "Synthesis of Three Dimensional Carbon Nanostructure Foams for Supercapacitors." MRS Proceedings 1451 (2012): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1330.

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ABSTRACTIn this work, we demonstrated the growth of three dimensional graphene/carbon nanotubes hybrid carbon nanostructures on metal foam through a one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The as-grown three dimensional carbon nanostructure foams can be potentially used as the electrodes of energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and batteries. During the CVD process, the carbon nanostructures are grown on highly porous nickel foam to form a high surface area 3-D carbon nanostructure by introducing a mixture precursor gases (H2, C2H2). The surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the results demonstrated relatively homogeneous and densely packed 3-D carbon nanostructure. The quality was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. To further increase the capacitive capability the supercapacitors were fabricated based on the electrodes of carbon nanostructure foam and cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted to determine their performance.

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13

Yakubovsky, Dmitry I., Yury V. Stebunov, Roman V. Kirtaev, Kirill V. Voronin, Artem A. Voronov, Aleksey V. Arsenin, and Valentyn S. Volkov. "Graphene-Supported Thin Metal Films for Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics." Nanomaterials 8, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8121058.

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Graphene-metal hybrid nanostructures have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in nanophotonics and optoelectronics. The output characteristics of devices based on such nanostructures largely depend on the properties of the metals. Here, we study the optical, electrical and structural properties of continuous thin gold and copper films grown by electron beam evaporation on monolayer graphene transferred onto silicon dioxide substrates. We find that the presence of graphene has a significant effect on optical losses and electrical resistance, both for thin gold and copper films. Furthermore, the growth kinetics of gold and copper films vary greatly; in particular, we found here a significant dependence of the properties of thin copper films on the deposition rate, unlike gold films. Our work provides new data on the optical properties of gold and copper, which should be considered in modeling and designing devices with graphene-metal nanolayers.

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Awasthi, Seema, Kalpana Awasthi, and O. N. Srivastava. "Formation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Buckybooks, Graphene Nanosheets and Metal Decorated Graphene." Journal of Nano Research 53 (June 2018): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.53.37.

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The various carbon nanostructures e.g. single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) web, graphene nanosheets and metal nanoparticle decorated graphene sheets have been synthesized in large quantity by electrical arc discharge method under an argon atmosphere. The as-synthesized nanostructures were characterized by different characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The SWCNT webs of length ~6 cm abundantly containing aligned SWCNTs have diameter of about 1.8 nm and form buckybook like structure. Few layer graphene (FLG) sheets were prepared by electric arc discharge of high purity graphite electrodes in a varying argon gas atmosphere (250-500T). The largest areal extent of graphene (with lowest number of layer i.e. four) has been found at 350T argon pressure. A one step method is also reported for the decoration of these graphene nanosheets with iron and nickel nanoparticles through arc discharge method.

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Zhang, Jianfa, Qilin Hong, Jinglan Zou, Yuwen He, Xiaodong Yuan, Zhihong Zhu, and Shiqiao Qin. "Fano-Resonance in Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metamaterial and Its Application as Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Sensor." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030268.

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Fano resonances in nanostructures have attracted widespread research interests in the past few years for their potential applications in sensing, switching and nonlinear optics. In this paper, a mid-infrared Fano resonance in a hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial is studied. The hybrid metamaterial consists of a metallic grid enclosing with graphene nanodisks. The Fano resonance arises from the coupling of graphene and metallic plasmonic resonances and it is sharper than plasmonic resonances in pure graphene nanostructures. The resonance strength can be enhanced by increasing the number of graphene layers. The proposed metamaterial can be employed as a high-performance mid-infrared plasmonic sensor with an unprecedented sensitivity of about 7.93 μm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of about 158.7.

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Seifert, Gotthard, Tommy Lorenz, and Jan-Ole Joswig. "Layered Nanostructures – Electronic and Mechanical Properties." MRS Proceedings 1549 (2013): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.858.

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ABSTRACTIn addition to graphene, 2D transition-metal chalcogenides as, e.g., MoS2 and WS2 nanostructures are promising materials for applications in electronics and mechanical engineering. Though the structure of these materials causes a highly inert surface with a low defect concentration, defects and edge effects can strongly influence the properties of these nanostructured materials. Therefore, a basic understanding of the interplay between electronic and mechanical properties and the influence of defects, edge states and doping is needed. We demonstrate on the basis of atomistic quantum-chemical simulations of a circular MoS2 platelet, how the mechanical deformation can vary the electronic properties and other device characteristics of such a system.

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Stylianakis, Minas M. "Optoelectronic Nanodevices." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030520.

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Over the last decade, novel materials such as graphene derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), other two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, perovskites, as well as metal oxides and other metal nanostructures have centralized the interest of the scientific community [...]

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Tadyszak, Krzysztof, Andrzej Musiał, Adam Ostrowski, and Jacek K. Wychowaniec. "Unraveling Origins of EPR Spectrum in Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040798.

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Carbon nanostructures are utilized in a plethora of applications ranging from biomedicine to electronics. Particularly interesting are carbon nanostructured quantum dots that can be simultaneously used for bimodal therapies with both targeting and imaging capabilities. Here, magnetic and optical properties of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) prepared by the top-down technique from graphene oxide and obtained using the Hummers’ method were studied. Graphene oxide was ultra-sonicated, boiled in HNO3, ultra-centrifuged, and finally filtrated, reaching a mean flake size of ~30 nm with quantum dot properties. Flake size distributions were obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after consecutive preparation steps. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed that GOQDs were still oxidized after the fabrication procedure. Magnetic and photoluminescence measurements performed on the obtained GOQDs revealed their paramagnetic behavior and broad range optical photoluminescence around 500 nm, with magnetic moments of 2.41 µB. Finally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to separate the unforeseen contributions and typically not taken into account metal contaminations, and radicals from carbon defects. This study contributes to a better understanding of magnetic properties of carbon nanostructures, which could in the future be used for the design of multimodal imaging agents.

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Galstyan, Vardan, Elisabetta Comini, Iskandar Kholmanov, Guido Faglia, and Giorgio Sberveglieri. "Reduced graphene oxide/ZnO nanocomposite for application in chemical gas sensors." RSC Advances 6, no. 41 (2016): 34225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01913g.

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Li, Xiuli, Feng Zhang, Ban Fei, Yu Song, Bin Zhai, and Xiuying Wang. "Controlled synthesis of three dimensional hierarchical graphene nanostructures from metal complexes as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries." CrystEngComm 22, no. 21 (2020): 3608–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce00492h.

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Galstyan, Vardan, Elisabetta Comini, Iskandar Kholmanov, Andrea Ponzoni, Veronica Sberveglieri, Nicola Poli, Guido Faglia, and Giorgio Sberveglieri. "A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (October 10, 2016): 1421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.133.

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A hybrid nanostructure based on reduced graphene oxide and ZnO has been obtained for the detection of volatile organic compounds. The sensing properties of the hybrid structure have been studied for different concentrations of ethanol and acetone. The response of the hybrid material is significantly higher compared to pristine ZnO nanostructures. The obtained results have shown that the nanohybrid is a promising structure for the monitoring of environmental pollutants and for the application of breath tests in assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds.

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Cheng, Lei, Jiajia Liu, Tao Chen, Meng Xu, Muwei Ji, Bing Zhang, Xiang Zhang, and Jiatao Zhang. "Ternary cooperative Au–CdS–rGO hetero-nanostructures: synthesis with multi-interface control and their photoelectrochemical sensor applications." RSC Advances 6, no. 37 (2016): 30785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02188c.

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This paper demonstrates the synthesis of ternary cooperative semiconductor–metal–graphene (Au–CdS–rGO) hetero-nanostructures. The obtained Au–CdS–rGO photoanode showed a greatly enhanced photoelectrochemical photocurrent.

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Tan, Chaoliang, Xiao Huang, and Hua Zhang. "Synthesis and applications of graphene-based noble metal nanostructures." Materials Today 16, no. 1-2 (January 2013): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2013.01.021.

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Srivastava, Manish, Jay Singh, Tapas Kuila, Rama K. Layek, Nam Hoon Kim, and Joong Hee Lee. "Recent advances in graphene and its metal-oxide hybrid nanostructures for lithium-ion batteries." Nanoscale 7, no. 11 (2015): 4820–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr07068b.

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Chakraborty, Bhaswati, and Chirasree Roychaudhuri. "Metal/Metal Oxide Modified Graphene Nanostructures for Electrical Biosensing Applications: A Review." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 17629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3082554.

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Zhou, Hengjie, Shaojian Su, Weibin Qiu, Zeyang Zhao, Zhili Lin, Pingping Qiu, and Qiang Kan. "Multiple Fano Resonances with Tunable Electromagnetic Properties in Graphene Plasmonic Metamolecules." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020236.

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Multiple Fano resonances (FRs) can be produced by destroying the symmetry of structure or adding additional nanoparticles without changing the spatial symmetry, which has been proved in noble metal structures. However, due to the disadvantages of low modulation depth, large damping rate, and broadband spectral responses, many resonance applications are limited. In this research paper, we propose a graphene plasmonic metamolecule (PMM) by adding an additional 12 nanodiscs around a graphene heptamer, where two Fano resonance modes with different wavelengths are observed in the extinction spectrum. The competition between the two FRs as well as the modulation depth of each FR is investigated by varying the materials and the geometrical parameters of the nanostructure. A simple trimer model, which emulates the radical distribution of the PMM, is employed to understand the electromagnetic field behaviors during the variation of the parameters. Our proposed graphene nanostructures might find significant applications in the fields of single molecule detection, chemical or biochemical sensing, and nanoantenna.

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Alharbi, Raed, and Mustafa Yavuz. "Promote Localized Surface Plasmonic Sensor Performance via Spin-Coating Graphene Flakes over Au Nano-Disk Array." Photonics 6, no. 2 (May 25, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6020057.

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Although localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) sensors have advantages over regular surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) sensors, such as in sensor setup, excitation method, and cost, they suffer from low performance when compared to SPR sensors, which thus limits their commercialization. Among different methods applied to promote LSPR sensor performance, metal-two-dimensional (2D) hybrid nanostructure has been shown to be an efficient improvement. However, metal-2D hybrid nanostructures may come in a complex or a simple scheme and the latter is preferred to avoid challenges in fabrication work and to be applicable in mass production. In this work, a new and simple gold-graphene hybrid scheme is proposed and its plasmonic sensing performance is numerically evaluated using the finite different time domain (FDTD) method. The proposed sensor can be fabricated by growing a Au nano-disk (ND) array on a quartz substrate and then spin-coating graphene flakes of different sizes and shapes randomly on top of and between the Au NDs. Very high sensitivity value is achieved with 2262 nm/RIU at a 0.01 refractive index change. The obtained sensitivity value is very competitive in the field of LSPR sensors using metal-2D hybrid nanostructure. This proposed sensor can be utilized in different biosensing applications such as immunosensors, sensing DNA hybridization, and early disease detection, as discussed at the end of this article.

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Hiragond, Chaitanya B., Hwapyong Kim, Junho Lee, Saurav Sorcar, Can Erkey, and Su-Il In. "Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO Catalyzed by 2D Nanostructures." Catalysts 10, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010098.

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Electrochemical CO2 reduction towards value-added chemical feedstocks has been extensively studied in recent years to resolve the energy and environmental problems. The practical application of electrochemical CO2 reduction technology requires a cost-effective, highly efficient, and robust catalyst. To date, vigorous research have been carried out to increase the proficiency of electrocatalysts. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) graphene and transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have displayed excellent activity towards CO2 reduction. This review focuses on the recent progress of 2D graphene and TMCs for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction into CO.

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Kavitha, P., C. Shanthi, and R. Kannan. "Facile green synthesis of Ag, Au, AuAg@C-reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids and its catalytic studies." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 18, no. 1 (January 2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2023.181.21.

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Facile green synthesis of gold, silver and silver-gold on graphene oxide nanohybrid using ascorbic acid at room temperature has been studied in this communication. Further the interaction between the metal and graphene oxide was enhanced with the help of the ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbic acid by the calcination process. The ascorbic acid acts as reductant as well as a stabilizer of metal nanoparticles on the support. The micrographs reveal the formation of metal nanoparticles as quantum dots (~ 3-5 nm), results improved catalytic activity towards methylene green degradation in room temperature was studied. The proposed method is facile, fast and eco-friendly for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles over the carbon nanostructures

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Wu, Kong-Lin, Xiang-Zi Li, Xian-Wen Wei, Ting-Hui Ding, Miao Jiang, Wen-Juan Zhang, and Yin Ye. "Controllable synthesis and property of graphene-based magnetic metal nanostructures." Solid State Sciences 38 (December 2014): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2014.10.005.

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Stavrić, Srdjan, Milivoj Belić, and Željko Šljivančanin. "Planar versus three-dimensional growth of metal nanostructures at graphene." Carbon 96 (January 2016): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.062.

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Yan, Qiangu, and Zhiyong Cai. "Effect of Solvents on Fe–Lignin Precursors for Production Graphene-Based Nanostructures." Molecules 25, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092167.

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Kraft lignin was catalytically graphitized to graphene-based nanostructures at high temperature under non-oxidative atmospheres. To obtain the best catalytic performance, a uniform catalyst–lignin mixture must be made by bonding transitional metal (M) ions to oxygen (O), sulfur (S) or nitrogen (N)-containing functional groups in kraft lignin. One of the strategies is to dissolve or disperse kraft lignin in a suitable solvent, whereby the polymer chains in the condensed lignin molecules will be detangled and stretched out while the functional groups are solvated, and when mixing lignin solution with catalyst metal solution, the solvated metal ions in an aqueous solution can diffuse and migrate onto lignin chains to form M-O, M-S, or M-N bonds during the mixing process. Therefore, solvent effects are important in preparing M–lignin mixture for production of graphene-based nanostructures. Fe–lignin precursors were prepared by dissolving lignin with different solvents, including water, methanol, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Solvent effects on the catalytic performance, size and morphology of graphene-based nanostructures were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and nitrogen sorption measurements. The sizes, morphologies, and catalytic properties of the products obtained from Fe–lignin precursors are greatly influenced by the solvents used. It was found that Fe–lignin (THF) had the highest iron dispersion and the smallest iron particle size. Furthermore, Fe–lignin (THF) exhibited the best catalytic performance for graphitization of kraft lignin while the graphitization degree decreased in the order: Fe–lignin(THF) > Fe–lignin(Acetone) > Fe–lignin(methanol) > Fe–lignin(water).

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Xiao, Fei, Yuanqing Li, Xiaoli Zan, Kin Liao, Rong Xu, and Hongwei Duan. "Growth of Metal-Metal Oxide Nanostructures on Freestanding Graphene Paper for Flexible Biosensors." Advanced Functional Materials 22, no. 12 (March 21, 2012): 2487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201200191.

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Sharma, Rohit, Radhapiyari Laishram, Bipin Kumar Gupta, Ritu Srivastva, and Om Prakash Sinha. "A Review on MX2 (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se) layered material for opto-electronic devices." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 13, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ac5cb6.

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Abstract After discovering the steppingstone of two-dimensional (2D) materials, i.e. graphene, researchers are keen to explore the world of 2D materials beyond graphene for new frontiers and challenges. Due to bandgap limitation, graphene does not fit for the logic and optoelectronic applications which need well defined on/off ratio. Recently, single-layer (SL) and few-layer (FL) transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as a new family of layered materials with great interest, not only for the fundamental point of view, but also due to its potential application in ultrathin modern devices. As the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have a direct bandgap in their single layer, which falls under the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and has better physical and chemical properties, making them a suitable candidate for logic and optoelectronic applications. This review includes the recent extensive development on the synthesis and transfer strategies of MX2 (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se) 2D nanostructures of semiconducting TMDs. Further, this review covers the electronic and optoelectronic applications of these nanostructures along with progress in Van der Waal structures. The advantage and unambiguity of these materials are also discussed.

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Emani, Naresh Kumar, Alexander V. Kildishev, Vladimir M. Shalaev, and Alexandra Boltasseva. "Graphene: A Dynamic Platform for Electrical Control of Plasmonic Resonance." Nanophotonics 4, no. 1 (July 24, 2015): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0014.

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Abstract:Graphene has recently emerged as a viable platform for integrated optoelectronic and hybrid photonic devices because of its unique properties. The optical properties of graphene can be dynamically controlled by electrical voltage and have been used to modulate the plasmons in noble metal nanostructures. Graphene has also been shown to support highly confined intrinsic plasmons, with properties that can be tuned in the wavelength range of 2 μm to 100 μm. Here we review the recent development in graphene-plasmonic devices and identify some of the key challenges for practical applications of such hybrid devices.

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Huang, Wei-Hao, Cheng-Hsuan Lin, Ben-Son Lin, and Chia-Liang Sun. "Low-Temperature CVD Graphene Nanostructures on Cu and Their Corrosion Properties." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101989.

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene is reported to effectively prevent the penetration of outer factors and insulate the underneath metals, hence achieving an anticorrosion purpose. However, there is little knowledge about their characteristics and corresponding corrosion properties, especially for those prepared under different parameters at low temperatures. Using electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD), we can successfully prepare graphene nanostructures on copper (Cu) at temperatures lower than 600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements were used to characterize these samples. In simulated seawater, i.e., 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, the corrosion current density of one graphene-coated Cu fabricated at 400 °C can be 1.16 × 10−5 A/cm2, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of pure Cu. Moreover, the existence of tall graphene nanowalls was found not to be beneficial to the protection as a consequence of their layered orientation. These correlations among the morphology, structure, and corrosion properties of graphene nanostructures were investigated in this study. Therefore, the enhanced corrosion resistance in selected cases suggests that the low-temperature CVD graphene under appropriate conditions would be able to protect metal substrates against corrosion.

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37

Mineo, Giacometta, Mario Scuderi, Gianni Pezzotti Escobar, Salvo Mirabella, and Elena Bruno. "Engineering of Nanostructured WO3 Powders for Asymmetric Supercapacitors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 4168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234168.

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Transition metal oxide nanostructures are promising materials for energy storage devices, exploiting electrochemical reactions at nanometer solid–liquid interface. Herein, WO3 nanorods and hierarchical urchin-like nanostructures were obtained by hydrothermal method and calcination processes. The morphology and crystal phase of WO3 nanostructures were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while energy storage performances of WO3 nanostructures-based electrodes were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) tests. Promising values of specific capacitance (632 F/g at 5 mV/s and 466 F/g at 0.5 A/g) are obtained when pure hexagonal crystal phase WO3 hierarchical urchin-like nanostructures are used. A detailed modeling is given of surface and diffusion-controlled mechanisms in the energy storage process. An asymmetric supercapacitor has also been realized by using WO3 urchin-like nanostructures and a graphene paper electrode, revealing the highest energy density (90 W × h/kg) at a power density of 90 W × kg−1 and the highest power density (9000 W/kg) at an energy density of 18 W × h/kg. The presented correlation among physical features and electrochemical performances of WO3 nanostructures provides a solid base for further developing energy storage devices based on transition metal oxides.

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Cha, Myoung Jun, Woo Seok Song, Yoo Seok Kim, In Kyung Song, Dae Sung Jung, Suil Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Sang Eun Park, and Chong Yun Park. "MeV Electron-Beam Induced Clusterization of Platinum Chloride on Graphene for Transparent Conductive Electrodes." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.25.

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The use of graphene-based transparent conductive electrodes critically depends upon the enhancement of electrical conductivity with a negligible loss of optical transmittance of graphene. Hence, the hybridization of graphene and metal nanostructures has been intensively investigated to improve electrical conductivity. Here we demonstrate clusterization of PtCl2 on graphene by a facile method, MeV electron-beam irradiation (MEBI) under ambient conditions, as characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmittance electron microscopy, and resonant Raman spectroscopy. The workfunction difference between PtCl2 nanoclusters and graphene results in p-type doping of graphene, to achieve a reduced sheet resistance of 69.1 % with respect to that of pristine graphene while maintaining transmittance of 91.7 %. The mechanism of formation of PtCl2 nanoclusters on graphene is likely to be defect-mediated clusterization due to the high energy electron-beam.

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Calandra, Pietro, Giuseppe Calogero, Alessandro Sinopoli, and Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi. "Metal Nanoparticles and Carbon-Based Nanostructures as Advanced Materials for Cathode Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2010 (2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/109495.

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We review the most advanced methods for the fabrication of cathodes for dye-sensitized solar cells employing nanostructured materials. The attention is focused on metal nanoparticles and nanostructured carbon, among which nanotubes and graphene, whose good catalytic properties make them ideal for the development of counter electrode substrates, transparent conducting oxide, and advanced catalyst materials.

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Wan, Yuan, Yuanxin Tan, Yang Yang, Haining Chong, Zhaozhong Meng, and Jing Wang. "Actively Tunable Fano Resonance in H-Like Metal-Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures." Plasmonics 17, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01576-6.

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Li, Y. F., H. Q. Yu, H. Li, C. G. An, K. Zhang, K. M. Liew, and X. F. Liu. "How Do Metal/Graphene Self-Assemble into Core−Shelled Composite Nanostructures?" Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115, no. 14 (March 23, 2011): 6229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp1112262.

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42

Rivolo, P., S. Bianco, A. Lamberti, A. Chiadò, C. Novara, and F. Giorgis. "Graphene-Metal Nanostructures as Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for Biosensing." Procedia Technology 27 (2017): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2017.04.100.

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43

Fisher, Caitlin, Amanda E. Rider, Zhao Jun Han, Shailesh Kumar, Igor Levchenko, and Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov. "Applications and Nanotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in Biomedicine." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/315185.

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Owing to their unique mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties, carbon nanostructures including carbon nanotubes and graphenes show great promise for advancing the fields of biology and medicine. Many reports have demonstrated the promise of these carbon nanostructures and their hybrid structures (composites with polymers, ceramics, and metal nanoparticles, etc.) for a variety of biomedical areas ranging from biosensing, drug delivery, and diagnostics, to cancer treatment, tissue engineering, and bioterrorism prevention. However, the issue of the safety and toxicity of these carbon nanostructures, which is vital to their use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in biomedical fields, has not been completely resolved. This paper aims to provide a summary of the features of carbon nanotube and graphene-based materials and current research progress in biomedical applications. We also highlight the current opinions within the scientific community on the toxicity and safety of these carbon structures.

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Žurauskienė, Nerija. "Engineering of Advanced Materials for High Magnetic Field Sensing: A Review." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 2939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23062939.

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Advanced scientific and industrial equipment requires magnetic field sensors with decreased dimensions while keeping high sensitivity in a wide range of magnetic fields and temperatures. However, there is a lack of commercial sensors for measurements of high magnetic fields, from ∼1 T up to megagauss. Therefore, the search for advanced materials and the engineering of nanostructures exhibiting extraordinary properties or new phenomena for high magnetic field sensing applications is of great importance. The main focus of this review is the investigation of thin films, nanostructures and two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibiting non-saturating magnetoresistance up to high magnetic fields. Results of the review showed how tuning of the nanostructure and chemical composition of thin polycrystalline ferromagnetic oxide films (manganites) can result in a remarkable colossal magnetoresistance up to megagauss. Moreover, by introducing some structural disorder in different classes of materials, such as non-stoichiometric silver chalcogenides, narrow band gap semiconductors, and 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, the possibility to increase the linear magnetoresistive response range up to very strong magnetic fields (50 T and more) and over a large range of temperatures was demonstrated. Approaches for the tailoring of the magnetoresistive properties of these materials and nanostructures for high magnetic field sensor applications were discussed and future perspectives were outlined.

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45

Erturan, Ahmet Murat, Seyfettin Sinan Gultekin, and Habibe Durmaz. "Detection of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene by Metal-Graphene Hybrid Plasmonic Nanoantennas with a Golden Ratio Rectangular Resonator." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 29, no. 3 (June 27, 2023): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.33869.

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Plasmonic nanoantenna arrays have become increasingly popular for the detection of chemical molecules, biomolecules, viruses, and agents. In this study, our objective was to detect explosive-based 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) with a metal-graphene hybrid plasmonic rectangular nanoantenna with a golden ratio size formed by choosing two consecutive numbers from the Fibonacci series. The golden rectangular resonator provides nearly perfect absorption without the need for impedance matching calculations and complex optimisation algorithms. In surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) applications, the internal losses of metallic nanostructures degrade their sensing performance. To improve performance sensitivity, graphene with high electrical conductivity and electrical tunability was used. The spectral fingerprints of 2,4 DNT at 6300 nm, 6580 nm, and 7500 nm were enhanced with a metal-graphene hybrid structure. The biosensor platform introduced, by combining the graphene and nanoantennas with a golden ratio and by adjusting the Fermi energy level of graphene, can be beneficial for highly sensitive tunable biosensors for a broad spectrum to identify the molecular fingerprints of specific biomolecules.

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Gehringer, Dominik, Thomas Dengg, Maxim N. Popov, and David Holec. "Interactions between a H2 Molecule and Carbon Nanostructures: A DFT Study." C — Journal of Carbon Research 6, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6010016.

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On a long path of finding appropriate materials to store hydrogen, graphene and carbon nanotubes have drawn a lot of attention as potential storage materials. Their advantages lie at hand since those materials provide a large surface area (which can be used for physisorption), are cheap compared to metal hydrides, are abundant nearly everywhere, and most importantly, can increase safety to existing storage solutions. Therefore, a great variety of theoretical studies were employed to study those materials. After a benchmark study of different van-der-Waals corrections to Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA), the present Density Functional Theory (DFT) study employs Tkatchenko–Scheffler (TS) correction to study the influence of vacancy and Stone–Wales defects in graphene on the physisorption of the hydrogen molecule. Furthermore, we investigate a large-angle (1,0) grain boundary as well as the adsorption behaviour of Penta-Octa-Penta (POP)-graphene.

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Bobrinetskiy, Ivan, Marko Radovic, Francesco Rizzotto, Priya Vizzini, Stefan Jaric, Zoran Pavlovic, Vasa Radonic, Maria Vesna Nikolic, and Jasmina Vidic. "Advances in Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102700.

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Electrochemical biosensors utilizing nanomaterials have received widespread attention in pathogen detection and monitoring. Here, the potential of different nanomaterials and electrochemical technologies is reviewed for the development of novel diagnostic devices for the detection of foodborne pathogens and their biomarkers. The overview covers basic electrochemical methods and means for electrode functionalization, utilization of nanomaterials that include quantum dots, gold, silver and magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials (carbon and graphene quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and reduced graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, laser-induced graphene), metal oxides (nanoparticles, 2D and 3D nanostructures) and other 2D nanomaterials. Moreover, the current and future landscape of synergic effects of nanocomposites combining different nanomaterials is provided to illustrate how the limitations of traditional technologies can be overcome to design rapid, ultrasensitive, specific and affordable biosensors.

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48

Nicolosi, Valeria. "Processing and characterisation of two-dimensional nanostructures." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314094893.

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Low-dimensional nanostructured materials such as organic and inorganic nanotubes, nanowires and platelets are potentially useful in a number of areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their remarkable mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. However difficulties associated with their lack of processability have seriously hampered both. In the last few years dispersion and exfoliation methods have been developed and demonstrated to apply universally to 1D and 2D nanostructures of very diverse nature, offering a practical means of processing the nanostructures for a wide range of innovative technologies. Among the first materials to have benefitted most from these advances are carbon nanotubes [6] and more recently graphene. Recently this work has been extended to boron nitride and a wide range of two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides. These are potentially important because they occur in >40 different types with a wide range of electronic properties, varying from metallic to semiconducting. To make real applications truly feasible, however, it is crucial to fully characterize the nanostructures on the atomic scale and correlate this information with their physical and chemical properties. Advances in aberration-corrected optics in electron microscopy have revolutionised the way to characterise nano-materials, opening new frontiers for materials science. With the recent advances in nanostructure processability, electron microscopes are now revealing the structure of the individual components of nanomaterials, atom by atom. Here we will present an overview of very different low-dimensional materials issues, showing what aberration-corrected electron microscopy can do to answer materials scientists' questions. Particular emphasis will be given to the investigation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and tungsten disulfide (WS2) and the study of their structure, defects, stacking sequence, vacancies and low-atomic number individual adatoms. The analyses of the h-BN data showed that majority of nanosheets retain bulk stacking. However several of the images displayed stacking different from the bulk. Similar, to 2D h-BN, images of MoS2 and WS2 have shown the stacking previously unobserved in the bulk. This novel stacking consists of Mo/W stacked on the top each other in the consecutive layers.

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Alhakeem, Mohammed Ridha H. "Enhancing Thermal Conductivity and Heat Transfer using Graphene Nanofluid." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Arts 1, no. 1 (September 9, 2022): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/ijmdsa.v1i1.1710.

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Due to their low density and inherent thermal conductivity in compared to metals or metal oxides, carbon nanostructures among other nanoparticles exhibit better thermal conductivity. The ability of graphene Nano fluids to transmit heat has been studied in this work through a review of the findings of several studies. The current techniques for making graphene nanofluids have been summarized, along with several characteristics including viscosity, concentration, particle size, and temperature that have an impact on thermal conductivity. The convective heat transfer capabilities of graphene nanofluids have also been subjected to a careful analysis. The study shown that employing graphene nanofluids as a working fluid through a tube channel can improve heat transfer with considerable results. There hasn't been any research on the effects of graphene Nano fluids on facing steps and corrugated surfaces, according to the literature.

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Yan, Siqi, Xiaolong Zhu, Jianji Dong, Yunhong Ding, and Sanshui Xiao. "2D materials integrated with metallic nanostructures: fundamentals and optoelectronic applications." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (April 17, 2020): 1877–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0074.

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AbstractDue to their novel electronic and optical properties, atomically thin layered two-dimensional (2D) materials are becoming promising to realize novel functional optoelectronic devices including photodetectors, modulators, and lasers. However, light–matter interactions in 2D materials are often weak because of the atomic-scale thickness, thus limiting the performances of these devices. Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmon polaritons show strong ability to concentrate light within subwavelength region, opening thereby new avenues for strengthening the light–matter interactions and miniaturizing the devices. This review starts to present how to use metallic nanostructures to enhance light–matter interactions in 2D materials, mainly focusing on photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and nonlinearities of 2D materials. In addition, an overview of ultraconfined acoustic-like plasmons in hybrid graphene–metal structures is given, discussing the nonlocal response and quantum mechanical features of the graphene plasmons and metals. Then, the review summarizes the latest development of 2D material–based optoelectronic devices integrated with plasmonic nanostructures. Both off-chip and on-chip devices including modulators and photodetectors are discussed. The potentials of hybrid 2D materials plasmonic optoelectronic devices are finally summarized, giving the future research directions for applications in optical interconnects and optical communications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Graphene-metal nanostructures'

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