Journal articles: 'Grapevine pruning'

1

Moyo, P., E. Allsopp, F. Roets, L. Mostert, and F. Halleen. "Arthropods Vector Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens." Phytopathology® 104, no. 10 (October 2014): 1063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-13-0303-r.

Full text

Abstract:

Arthropod-mediated dispersal of pathogens is known in many cropping systems but has never been demonstrated for grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Arthropods from vineyards were screened for the presence of pathogens associated with Petri disease and esca using cultural and molecular techniques. The ability of the most abundant pathogen-carrying species to inoculate healthy grapevine vascular tissues was also determined. Millipedes and ants were allowed to associate with a DsRed- Express-transformed Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, after which they were exposed to freshly pruned healthy grapevines under controlled conditions and wounds were monitored for subsequent infection. In addition, the possibility of millipede excreta, commonly found on pruning wounds in the field, to act as inoculum source was determined. A diverse arthropod fauna was associated with declining grapevines and many of these carried trunk disease pathogens. However, spiders, the ant Crematogaster peringueyi, and the millipede Ommattoiulus moreleti were the most abundant pathogen carriers. The ant and millipede species fed on pruning wound sap and effectively transmitted trunk disease pathogens. Millipede excreta contained viable spores of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and may serve as an inoculum source. Numerous arthropods, including beneficial predators, are potential vectors of grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Our results highlight the need for an integrated approach, including targeted management of ants and millipedes at the time of pruning, to limit the spread of grapevine trunk diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Agustí-Brisach, C., M. León, J. García-Jiménez, and J. Armengol. "Detection of Grapevine Fungal Trunk Pathogens on Pruning Shears and Evaluation of Their Potential for Spread of Infection." Plant Disease 99, no. 7 (July 2015): 976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-14-1283-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Four vineyards visibly affected by trunk diseases were surveyed at pruning time in 2012 and 2013 in Spain, to determine whether pruning tools are capable of spreading grapevine trunk diseases from vine to vine. In each vineyard, pruning shears were regularly rinsed with sterile water, collecting liquid samples for analysis. Molecular detection of grapevine fungal trunk pathogens (GFTPs) was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction using specific primers to detect Botryosphaeriaceae spp. Eutypa lata, Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. All of these GFTPs, with the exception of E. lata, were detected in samples from the four vineyards, C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. Co-occurrence of two, three, or four different GFTPs from the same sample were found, the simultaneous detection of C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. In addition, fungal isolation from liquid samples in semiselective culture medium for C. luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and P. chlamydospora was also performed but only C. luteo-olivacea was recovered from samples collected in three of four vineyards evaluated. Pruning shears artificially infested with suspensions of conidia or mycelial fragments of C. luteo-olivacea, Diplodia seriata, E. lata, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were used to prune 1-year-old grapevine cuttings of ‘110 Richter’ rootstock. Successful fungal reisolation from the cuttings 4 months after pruning confirmed that infested pruning shears were able to infect them through pruning wounds. These results improve knowledge about the epidemiology of GFTPs and demonstrate the potential of inoculum present on pruning shears to infect grapevines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Baumgartner, Kendra. "Root Collar Excavation for Postinfection Control of Armillaria Root Disease of Grapevine." Plant Disease 88, no. 11 (November 2004): 1235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.11.1235.

Full text

Abstract:

Root collar excavation for control of Armillaria root disease of grapevine was investigated in two California vineyards (vineyard K1 and vineyard N1) from 2002 to 2004. The hypothesis tested was that root collar excavation, when timed in early stages of root collar infection, may cause mycelial fans of the pathogen Armillaria mellea to recede from the root collar before severe disease results from vascular tissue decay. In vineyard N1, excavation significantly increased yield and cluster weight of symptomatic grapevines; symptomatic-excavated grapevines had the same high mean cluster weight as healthy grapevines, and there were no significant effects of excavation on yield or pruning weight of healthy grapevines. In vineyard K1, where excavated root collars frequently refilled with soil, excavation had no significant effects on yield or pruning weight of symptomatic grapevines, and significantly reduced pruning weight and shoot weight of healthy grapevines. Reexamination in March 2004 revealed that mycelial fans had receded from root collars of symptomatic-excavated grapevines, but remained on root collars of symptomatic-nonexcavated grapevines. Root collar excavation appears to be a promising cultural approach for control of Armillaria root disease, as long as excavated root collars are kept clear of soil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Rätsep, Reelika, Kadri Karp, Mariana Maante-Kuljus, Alar Aluvee, Hedi Kaldmäe, and Rajeev Bhat. "Recovery of Polyphenols from Vineyard Pruning Wastes—Shoots and Cane of Hybrid Grapevine (Vitis sp.) Cultivars." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071059.

Full text

Abstract:

Grapevine shoots and canes represent a significant amount of biomass, considered as a waste in viticulture. In cooler climates, grapevines are pruned in the autumn (October) and spring (March) due to harsh winter conditions (e.g., snow, low temperatures), and large amounts of biomass are produced at these different pruning times. This work was undertaken in order to investigate the potential of vineyard pruning waste for recovery of polyphenolic compounds for biomass valorization. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of grapevine shoot and cane polyphenols, including flavonoids and stilbenoids were performed using UHPLC MS/MS method. The results revealed the flavonols (quercetin) to be the most abundant compounds in shoots among all the three cultivars screened (Zilga, Hasansky Sladky, Rondo). Stilbenoids (ε-viniferin) dominated in the canes, while increased level of flavonols with lower contents of stilbenoids was detected in the endo-dormant canes, and higher amounts of flavanols and stilbenoids were recorded in eco-dormant canes. In conclusion, the content of polyphenols in grapevine shoots and canes differed among the cultivars and dormancy phases. The results generated from the present study contribute to the sustainable and environmentally friendly viticulture practice via valorization of vineyard pruning wastes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Apostolidis, Kyriakos D., Theofanis Kalampokas, Theodore P. Pachidis, and Vassilis G. Kaburlasos. "Grapevine Plant Image Dataset for Pruning." Data 7, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data7080110.

Full text

Abstract:

Grapevine pruning is conducted during winter, and it is a very important and expensive task for wine producers managing their vineyard. During grapevine pruning every year, the past year’s canes should be removed and should provide the possibility for new canes to grow and produce grapes. It is a difficult procedure, and it is not yet fully automated. However, some attempts have been made by the research community. Based on the literature, grapevine pruning automation is approximated with the help of computer vision and image processing methods. Despite the attempts that have been made to automate grapevine pruning, the task remains hard for the abovementioned domains. The reason for this is that several challenges such as cane overlapping or complex backgrounds appear. Additionally, there is no public image dataset for this problem which makes it difficult for the research community to approach it. Motivated by the above facts, an image dataset is proposed for grapevine canes’ segmentation for a pruning task. An experimental analysis is also conducted in the proposed dataset, achieving a 67% IoU and 78% F1 score in grapevine cane semantic segmentation with the U-net model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Pollard-Flamand, Jinxz, Julie Boulé, Miranda Hart, and José Ramón Úrbez-Torres. "Biocontrol Activity of Trichoderma Species Isolated from Grapevines in British Columbia against Botryosphaeria Dieback Fungal Pathogens." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 4 (April 16, 2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8040409.

Full text

Abstract:

Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) is a grapevine trunk disease (GTD) causing significant yield losses and limiting the lifespan of vineyards worldwide. Fungi responsible for BD infect grapevines primarily through pruning wounds, and thus pruning wound protection, using either synthetic chemicals or biological control agents (BCAs), is the main available management strategy. However, no products to control GTDs are currently registered in Canada. With a focus on more sustainable grapevine production, there is an increasing demand for alternatives to chemical products to manage GTDs. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify Trichoderma species from grapevines in British Columbia (BC) and evaluate their potential biocontrol activity against BD fungi Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum. Phylogenetic analyses identified seven species, including T. asperelloides, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. tomentosum, and two novel species, T. canadense and T. viticola. In vitro dual culture antagonistic assays showed several isolates to inhibit fungal pathogen mycelial growth by up to 75%. In planta detached cane assays under controlled greenhouse conditions identified T. asperelloides, T. atroviride and T. canadense isolates from BC as providing 70% to 100% pruning wound protection against BD fungi for up to 21 days after treatment. In addition, these isolates were shown to provide similar or better control when compared against commercial chemical and biocontrol products. This study demonstrates the potential that locally sourced Trichoderma species can have for pruning wound protection against BD fungi, and further supports the evaluation of these isolates under natural field conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Silwal, Abhisesh, Francisco Yandun, Anjana Nellithimaru, Terry Bates, and George Kantor. "Bumblebee: A Path Towards Fully Autonomous Robotic Vine Pruning." Field Robotics 2, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 1661–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55417/fr.2022051.

Full text

Abstract:

Dormant season grapevine pruning requires skilled seasonal workers, but they are becoming less available. As workers hasten to prune more vines in less time due to the short-term seasonal hiring culture and low wages, vines are often pruned inconsistently, leading to imbalanced grapevines. In addition, grapevines cannot be pruned selectively using currently existing mechanical methods, thus manual follow-up operations are often required, further increasing production cost. In this paper, we present the design and field evaluation of a rugged and fully autonomous robot for end-to-end pruning of dormant season grapevines. The proposed design incorporates novel camera systems, a kinematically redundant manipulator, a ground robot, and novel algorithms in the perception system. The presented research prototype robot system was able to spur-prune a row of vines from both sides completely in 213 s/vine with a total pruning accuracy of 87%. Initial field tests of the autonomous system in a commercial vineyard have shown significant variability reduction in dormant season pruning when compared to mechanical prepruning trials. The design approach, system components, lessons learned, future enhancements, as well as a brief economic analysis are described in the manuscript.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Borges, Wellington Fernando Silva, Renata Koyama, Giovanna B. Silva, Muhammad Shahab, Reginaldo Teodoro de Souza, and Sergio Ruffo Roberto. "Phenological characterization and thermal demand of ‘BRS Vitoria’ seedless grape grown in subtropical área." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33158/asb.2017v3i1p25.

Full text

Abstract:

The ‘BRS Vitoria’ is a black hybrid seedless grape with a raspberry-like taste. These characteristics meet the main demands of the grape industry in Brazil, and also this cultivar show good tolerance to downy mildew. However, there is no information available on the phenological characteristics and thermal demand of this grapevine in subtropical area. The objective of this work was to characterize the phenological behavior and determine the thermal demands in degree-days of this grapevine in the Northern region of the Paraná State. The trials were conducted during two consecutive seasons (regular crop of 2013 and off-season crop of 2014). The study verified the phenological behavior and the thermal demands of 20 representative grapevines trained in a overhead trellis system, spaced at 2.5 x 5.0 m. For the characterization of the phenological stadia, two canes of each grapevine were marked. These canes were evaluated according to the duration in number of days of the following stadia, starting from winter pruning: a) cotton swell, b) sprouting, c) inflorescence emergence, d) flowering, e) veraison f) ripening. The thermal demand was calculated by the total degree-day (DD) from pruning to ripening, as well as for each of the phenological subperiods, considering 10 °C and 12 °C as base temperatures. Results showed that the duration of the pruning to ripening was 130 days, and termal demand was 1,679.96 DD for the regular crop and 134 days and 1,831.84 DD for off-season crop, being the temperature-base of 10oC the most adequate to calculate this demand.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Cobos, Rebeca, Rosa María Mateos, José Manuel Álvarez-Pérez, Miguel Angel Olego, Silvia Sevillano, Sandra González-García, Enrique Garzón-Jimeno, and Juan José R. Coque. "Effectiveness of Natural Antifungal Compounds in Controlling Infection by Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens through Pruning Wounds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 18 (July 10, 2015): 6474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01818-15.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTGrapevine trunk fungal pathogens, such asDiplodia seriataandPhaeomoniella chlamydospora, can infect plants through pruning wounds. They cause grapevine trunk diseases and are involved in grapevine decline. Accordingly, the protection of pruning wounds is crucial for the management of grapevine trunk diseases. The efficacy of different natural antifungals in inhibiting the growth of several fungi causing grapevine trunk diseases was evaluatedin vitro. The fungi showing greaterin vitroefficacy were tested on autoclaved grape wood assays againstD. seriataandP. chlamydospora. Based on results from these assays, chitosan oligosaccharide, vanillin, and garlic extract were selected for further evaluation on pruning wounds inoculated withD. seriataandP. chlamydosporain field trials. A significant decrease in plant mortality was observed after 2 years of growth in the plants treated with the different natural antifungals compared to the mortality rate observed in infected plants that were not treated with antifungals. Also, the infection rate for the inoculated pathogens was significantly reduced in plants treated with the selected natural antifungals. Therefore, natural antifungals represent a promising alternative for disease control and could provide significant economic benefits for the grape-growing industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Wakula, Jurij, Thomas Beckmann, Michael Hett, and Kurt Landau. "Stress-Strain-Analysis of Grapevine Pruning with Powered and Non-Powered Hand Tools." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 22 (July 2000): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402238.

Full text

Abstract:

Non-power and power cutting hand tools are mainly used every day in vineyards for grapevines pruning during 5 months (November - March). The grapevines pruning with the help of non-power tools is very stressful for wine growers. Repetitive movements combined with external forces in finger-hand-wrist-system, extreme positions in arm-shoulder-system, climate condition are some of the stress factors. Grapevines pruning with 5 manual prunes produced by 3 different manufacture and 2 power hand tools (electrically and pneumatically) were analysed. The results reveal that grapevines pruning with pneumatic and electric prunes is up to 30% more effective (according to productivity) than cutting with non-powered hand tools. At the same time is grapevines cutting with power tools more stressful as with non-powered one.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Masabni, Joseph, S. Kaan Kurtural, Dwight Wolfe, and Chris Smigell. "Effect of Cropload on Eastern European Grapevine Cultivars." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1011B—1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1011b.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of cropload (kg yield/kg pruning weight) on yield components and fruit composition of 17 eastern European grapevine cultivars was evaluated from 2000 to 2004 in a vineyard, at the research station in western Kentucky, characterized by a long and warm season. There was a cubic relationship between number of clusters retained per vine and the cropload (R2 = 0.6374, P < 0.0001). Similar relationship was evident between yield per vine and cropload (R2 = 0.5908, P < 0.0001). Of the observed variation in cluster weight, 28% was attributed to variation among predictions, based on the value of cropload in a quadratic relationship (P < 0.0001). As cropload increased, pruning weight per meter of row decreased (R2 = 0.4513, P < 0.0001). However, there was very little effect of cropload on the percentage of total soluble solids and juice pH measured at harvest. Optimum cropload values fell in between 13–18 (kg yield/kg pruning weight) depending upon cultivar evaluated, based on optimum ranges for pruning weight per meter of row for optimum vine balance in the lower Midwest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Elena, Georgina, and Jordi Luque. "Seasonal Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Cane Colonization in Catalonia, Spain Following Artificial Infection with Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora." Plant Disease 100, no. 8 (August 2016): 1651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-15-1186-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are two fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the period during which grapevine pruning wounds remain susceptible to fungal infection and to describe the colonization of canes artificially inoculated with these pathogens. In the first experiment, pruning wounds made in either fall or winter were separately inoculated with each pathogen at different times after pruning. Wound susceptibility to both pathogens decreased as the period between pruning and inoculation increased, from high percentages recorded in the first inoculation round (D. seriata, 97.5% and P. chlamydospora, 75%) down to approximately 10% 12 weeks after pruning. Pruning wounds remained more susceptible to D. seriata after a late pruning in winter whereas no overall seasonal changes in wound susceptibility were detected for P. chlamydospora. In the second experiment, canes were pruned by leaving two different lengths between the top node and the pruning wound before inoculations. Pathogens were recovered at different incubation periods and from different sites along the canes to estimate fungal cane colonization. A longer pruned internode made cane colonization by P. chlamydospora difficult, as indicated by fungal recoveries lower than 10% at the lowest recovery site, whereas D. seriata was less inhibited.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Duca, Daniele, Giuseppe Toscano, Andrea Pizzi, Giorgio Rossini, Sara Fabrizi, Giulia Lucesoli, Andrea Servili, Valeria Mancini, Gianfranco Romanazzi, and Chiara Mengarelli. "Evaluation of the characteristics of vineyard pruning residues for energy applications: effect of different copper-based treatments." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.497.

Full text

Abstract:

The role of biomass for increasing renewable energy sources mix is considered fundamental, despite some negative environmental impact of first-generation biofuels. The use of biomass obtained in a more sustainable way, as represented by agricultural wastes, should be favoured. The Mediterranean area and Italy in particular offer a large amount of vineyard pruning residues that can be converted into bioenergy. Since vineyards are exposed to treatments based on copper (Cu) and zinc, these metals last in wood residues during pruning and accumulate in the soil. In this study an evaluation of the concentrations of copper and other heavy metals in grapevine pruning wastes, when treated with common plant protection products, was carried out. The study was also extended to the soil, being potentially mixed to the biomass in the case of mechanical collection of pruning residues. The grapevine residues free of impurities that were collected during this study have typical values of copper in pruning wood, varying from 8.5 mg kg–1 when treated with low Cu product, to 19.2 mg kg–1 when treated with high Cu product. It was observed that contaminations during pruning with soil could increase the amount of copper in the residues. More in detail, every percentage point of soil that winds up on pruning residues involves an increase of 1 mg of Cu every kg of biomass. For this reason, we recommend the use of appropriate systems for the harvest of grapevine residues, particularly mechanical systems that avoid soil lifting. Moreover, we suggest the use of pruning residues preferably in large-scale power plants with appropriate emission filters instead of small-scale domestic boilers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Gatti, Matteo, Tommaso Frioni, Alessandra Garavani, Arianna Biagioni, and Stefano Poni. "Impact of delayed winter pruning on phenology and ripening kinetics of Pinot Noir grapevines." BIO Web of Conferences 13 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191304002.

Full text

Abstract:

Climate change impacts viticulture with even stronger effects on sparkling wines. Innovative cultural practices represent effective short-term solutions. Among these, postponement of winter pruning later than budburst delayed both vegetative and reproductive cycles as well as technological maturity of several varieties from different wine regions. This research aims to assess the impact of delayed winter pruning on grapevine performance as a function of training system. The trial was carried out in a Pinot Noir vineyard sited at 385 m asl in Central Italy. Delayed winter pruning was performed when unpruned canes had shoots showing three unfolded leaves (BBCH 13) and compared to standard winter pruning within two separate experiments focused on: i) cane pruning, and ii) spur pruning. Grapevine phenology, vegetative growth, fruit ripening kinetics and productivity of selected vines were assessed over three years. Delayed winter pruning postponed budburst by 20 and 31 days in Guyot and spur pruned cordons, respectively; then, differences diminished over time showing a maximum delay of 17 days at bloom and 7–10 days at harvest. Despite a decrease in yield (ranging from −35 to −47% in cane and spur pruning, respectively), delayed winter pruning increased titratable acidity (40–89%) and reduced sugars (721%) as compared to control vines. Although effects of delayed pruning were stronger in spur pruned vines, delayed winter pruning was effective also on cane-pruned vines, therefore adapting to varieties marked by low basal-node fruitfulness

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Pellegrino, Anne, Deidre Blackmore, Peter Clingeleffer, and Rob Walker. "Comparison of methods for determining budburst date in grapevine." OENO One 56, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.1.4751.

Full text

Abstract:

Methods for determining budburst date in grapevine are poorly documented. Budburst date defined from cumulative shoots burst (or arising) and cumulative buds burst (expressed as % of total) were compared using different cultivars, pruning systems and irrigation treatments and assessed at the plant, bearer and individual bud level. The study was conducted at three sites within an Australian vineyard over two years on mechanical pruned Chardonnay and Cabernet-Sauvignon; mechanical, spur and minimally pruned Shiraz; and control, regulated and prolonged deficit irrigated Cabernet-Sauvignon. Budburst defined as ‘50 % of total shoots burst’ was more reliable than ‘50 % of buds burst’ for determining budburst date when final % budburst was low, as observed under lighter (mechanical or minimal) pruning for Shiraz. Differences in final % budburst between pruning systems and deficit irrigation treatments were related mainly to the distribution (%) of bearers according to size (based on node or bud numbers) and their specific budburst percentage at each node position. The timing of budburst based on ‘50 % of total shoots burst’ was dependent on a unique set of parameters for each cultivar, regardless of pruning treatments and irrigation levels. The new knowledge gained in this study about the impact of pruning system and irrigation treatment on % budburst and timing may be useful for adapting phenological models to Australian vineyards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Todaro, Thomas M., and Imed E. Dami. "Trunk Renewal Methods for Recovery of ‘Cabernet franc’ Grapevines after Winter Injury in Ohio." HortTechnology 28, no. 3 (June 2018): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03997-18.

Full text

Abstract:

‘Cabernet franc’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera) sustained severe winter injuries of all aboveground parts following two consecutive freezing events in 2014 and 2015 in Ohio. To ensure grapevine recovery, adjustment of pruning and training practices must be accomplished. However, optimum training of new shoots for trunk replacement was not known and research-based information on this topic was lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate different training and pruning methods for trunk renewal and recovery of ‘Cabernet franc’ and their impacts on growth, yield, cropload, and fruit composition following severe winter injuries. In 2016, grapevines were manipulated using a combination of training [Fan, vertical shoot positioning (VSP), or both], pruning (cane- or spur-pruned), and trunks (two, four, or more trunks per vine). The Fan system took less time to train than VSP during the growing season; however, the latter took less time to train and prune during the following dormant season. Training and pruning methods with increased buds per vine resulted in increased shoots, leaf area, pruning weight, clusters, and yield per vine but decreased juice total soluble solids (TSS). The exceptions were vines with combined training systems of Fan and VSP, in which leaf areas and pruning weights were reduced despite increased bud count per vine after pruning. In conclusion, each system has advantages and disadvantages; however, the Fan training system with cane pruning and multiple trunks produced the most optimum trunk size, yield, cropload, and fruit composition. Therefore, following trunk freeze injury, we recommend retaining all shoots using the Fan training during the growing season. During the subsequent dormant season, growers should select medium-sized canes for trunk replacement and train four trunks and four canes for the VSP system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kraus, Christian, Carolin Rauch, Elisa Maria Kalvelage, Falk Hubertus Behrens, Dagmar d’Aguiar, Cornelia Dubois, and Michael Fischer. "Minimal versus Intensive: How the Pruning Intensity Affects Occurrence of Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease, Wood Integrity, and the Mycobiome in Grapevine Trunks." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8030247.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous works on grapevine-trunk diseases indicate that minimal or non-pruning of the grapevine under certain circumstances can significantly reduce the risk of symptom expression. Nevertheless, knowledge of the mechanisms behind these observations are limited. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate in more detail the effect of pruning intensity on the grapevine trunk by means of trunk integrity and the fungal community in the wood tissue. Two German vineyards partially trained in vertical-shoot position and semi-minimally pruned hedges were chosen for this survey due to the accessibility of multi-annual esca-monitoring data. The results revealed that only in one of the two vineyards was the incidence of external esca symptoms significantly reduced over a period of five years (2017–2021) by minimal pruning, which was up to 73.7% compared to intensive pruning. In both vineyards, the trunks of intensively pruned vines not only had more pruning wounds on the trunk (by 86.0% and 72.9%, respectively) than minimally pruned vines, but also exhibited a larger (by 19.3% and 14.7%, respectively) circumference of the trunk head. In addition, the percentage of white rot and necrosis in the trunks of esca-positive and esca-negative vines was analyzed and compared between the two pruning intensities; hereby, significant differences were only found for esca-negative ‘Dornfelder’ vines, in which the proportion of necrosis was higher for intensively pruned vines (23.0%) than for minimally pruned vines (11.5%). The fungal communities of the differently pruned vine trunks were mainly dominated by four genera, which are also associated with GTDs: Diplodia, Eutypa, Fomitiporia and Phaeomoniella. All in all, the fungal diversity and community composition did not differ between minimally and intensively pruned, esca-positive vines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Hall, Stewart J., Ian B. Dry, Christopher L. Blanchard, and Melanie A. Whitelaw-Weckert. "Phylogenetic Relationships of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Isolates Associated with Bacterial Inflorescence Rot in Grapevine." Plant Disease 100, no. 3 (March 2016): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-15-0806-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae causes extensive yield losses in wine-grape production in some Australian cool-climate vineyards. Putative P. syringae pv. syringae isolates from infected grapevines within a range of vineyards were genotyped using RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using primers for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapA), citrate synthase (gltA), DNA gyrase B (gyrB), and σ factor 70 (rpoD). The isolates were also evaluated for pathogenicity by inoculation of detached grapevine leaves. The isolates were grouped by MLST data into two well-supported clades, each containing a mixture of pathogenic and nonpathogenic grapevine isolates, indicating that P. syringae pv. syringae in Australian vineyards is genetically diverse. Each clade also contained P. syringae pv. syringae from nongrape hosts pathogenic to grapevine, demonstrating a lack of host specificity and possible potential for cross-infection of grape and other horticultural crops. Furthermore, the isolation of pathogenic P. syringae pv. syringae isolates from grapevine sucker shoots suggests that sucker shoots may allow overwintering of the pathogen. The vineyard quarantine status of P. syringae pv. syringae may need to be reconsidered, due to its easy dispersal through pruning equipment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Rusin, Carine, Fabio Rossi Cavalcanti, Patrícia Carla Giloni de Lima, Cacilda Márcia Duarte Rios Faria, Marcus André Kurtz Almança, and Renato Vasconcelos Botelho. "Control of the fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent of dieback, in cv. syrah grapevines." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 43 (August 14, 2020): e44785. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.44785.

Full text

Abstract:

Grapevine trunk diseases are among the most important limiting factors of worldwide viticulture. In this context, we aimed to verify the effect of chemical fungicides, biological agents and plant extracts on the control of Lasiodiplodia theobromae in pruning wounds and their physiological effects in cv. Syrah grapevines. Plant extracts (clove, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary and lemongrass), commercial fungicides (difeconazole, tebuconazole, mancozeb, sulfur, pyraclostrobin, fosetyl-Al, and azoxystrobin), chitosan, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis were used for the in vitro trials. The protection of pruning wounds in the potted vines was studied using fosetyl-Al, tebuconazole, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, garlic extract and clove extract. The experiments were carried out through two vegetative cycles: 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The length of wood discoloration, pathogen re-isolation percentage, fresh mass of the pruning material, peroxidase activity, fluorescence, chlorophyll index, phenological stages, shoot length and leaf area were evaluated. The treatments with clove, garlic extract, tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, mancozeb, fosetyl-Al and B. subtilis reduced mycelial growth by more than 90%. In the grapevines, the use of T. harzianum decreased the re-isolation of L. theobromae, but no differences were verified for the other plant evaluations. We concluded that the use of T. harzianum would be a potential option for wound protection without altering the physiological aspects of cv. Syrah grapevines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Allebrandt, Ricardo, José Luiz Marcon Filho, Douglas André Würz, Betina Pereira de Bem, Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar, and Leo Rufato. "Pruning methods on the yield performance and oenological potential of 'Nebbiolo' grapevine." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 11 (November 2017): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017001100007.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different pruning methods on the yield performance and on the oenological potential of Vitis vinifera 'Nebbiolo', cultivated in high-altitude regions of Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The work was carried out in a commercial vineyard located in São Joaquim, SC, during the 2011/2012 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of four pruning systems: Guyot, Guyot Arch, and Cazenave (cane pruning systems), and cordon spur pruning. Production, vine balance, and grape composition were evaluated. In the cane pruning systems, a mean production of 2.0 kg per plant and Ravaz index below 2 were observed, with no change in the composition of the berries. In spur pruned vines, there was production only in 2015, with four bunches every ten plants. Yield and production of the 'Nebbiolo' grapes can be increased without losses of oenological potential, in the high-altitude regions of Santa Catarina state. The tested cane pruning methods are indicated for the growing of 'Nebbiolo' because all methods confer similar yield and vigor to this grapevine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wakula, Jurij, Thomas Beckmann, Michael Hett, and Kurt Landau. "Ergonomic analysis of grapevine pruning and wine harvesting to define work and hand tools design requirements." Occupational Ergonomics 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2000-2303.

Full text

Abstract:

Knowledge of the stress-strain analysis while grapevines pruning and wine harvesting in vineyards will make a significant contribution towards reducing the risk of cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) in the upper limbs of vineyard workers. The stress-strain analysis in field and laboratory studies show that pruning grapevines and wine harvesting involves a combination of dynamic and sensorimotoric work, and also a high incidence of ergonomically undesirable postures of the trunk, the upper limbs and the head irrespective of cutting tools used. The information obtained can be applied in the ergonomic redesign of pruning tasks and pruning tools to reduce incidence of trauma.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Siebers, Matthew, Everard Edwards, Jose Jimenez-Berni, Mark Thomas, Michael Salim, and Rob Walker. "Fast Phenomics in Vineyards: Development of GRover, the Grapevine Rover, and LiDAR for Assessing Grapevine Traits in the Field." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 2924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092924.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper introduces GRover (the grapevine rover), an adaptable mobile platform for the deployment and testing of proximal imaging sensors in vineyards for the non-destructive assessment of trunk and cordon volume and pruning weight. A SICK LMS-400 light detection and ranging (LiDAR) radar mounted on GRover was capable of producing precise (±3 mm) 3D point clouds of vine rows. Vineyard scans of the grapevine variety Shiraz grown under different management systems at two separate locations have demonstrated that GRover is able to successfully reproduce a variety of vine structures. Correlations of pruning weight and vine wood (trunk and cordon) volume with LiDAR scans have resulted in high coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.91 for pruning weight; 0.76 for wood volume). This is the first time that a LiDAR of this type has been extensively tested in vineyards. Its high scanning rate, eye safe laser and ability to distinguish tissue types make it an appealing option for further development to offer breeders, and potentially growers, quantified measurements of traits that otherwise would be difficult to determine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Rooney-Latham, S., A. Eskalen, and W. D. Gubler. "Occurrence of Togninia minima Perithecia in Esca-Affected Vineyards in California." Plant Disease 89, no. 8 (August 2005): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0867.

Full text

Abstract:

Togninia minima is an important pathogen causing esca and grapevine declines worldwide. Although perithecia of T. minima have been produced in the laboratory, their presence in diseased vineyards has not been shown. In our study, perithecia of T. minima were found on grapevines in the field in five California counties. Perithecia were clustered on dead vascular tissue in deep cracks along trunks and cordons or on the surfaces of decayed pruning wounds. Field-collected perithecia were characteristic of T. minima perithecia previously produced in vitro and molecular sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA additionally confirmed their identity. Ascospores from perithecia germinated on agar medium and formed colonies typical of T. minima. This is the first report of T. minima perithecia in diseased vineyards and suggests ascospores as an additional source of inoculum for new grapevine infections.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Tecchio, Marco Antonio, Mara Fernandes Moura, Luiz Antonio Junqueira Teixeira, Erasmo José Paioli Pires, and Sarita Leonel. "Influence of rootstocks and pruning times on yield and on nutrient content and extraction in 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 49, no. 5 (May 2014): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2014000500003.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of rootstocks and pruning times on yield and on nutrient content and extraction by pruned branches and harvested bunches of 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine in subtropical climate. The rootstocks 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313', 'IAC 571-6', and '106-8 Mgt' were evaluated. Treatments consisted of a combination between five rootstocks and three pruning times. At pruning, fresh and dry matter mass of branches were evaluated to estimate biomass accumulation. At harvest, yield was estimated by weighing of bunches per plant. Branches and bunches were sampled at pruning and at harvest, respectively, for nutrient content analysis. Nutrient content and dry matter mass of branches and bunches were used to estimate total nutrient extraction. 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine grafted onto the 'IAC 572' rootstock had the highest yield and dry matter mass of bunches, which were significantly different from the ones observed in 'Niagara Rosada'/'IAC 313'. 'Niagara Rosada' grafted onto the 'IAC 572' rootstock extracted the largest quantity of K, P, Mg, S, Cu, and Fe, differing from 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 766' in K and P extraction, and from '106-8 Mgt' in Mg and S extraction. Winter pruning results in higher yield, dry matter accumulation by branches, and total nutrient content and extraction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Carro-Huerga, Guzmán, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Samuel Álvarez-García, Santiago Gutiérrez, and Pedro A. Casquero. "The Influence of Temperature on the Growth, Sporulation, Colonization, and Survival of Trichoderma spp. in Grapevine Pruning Wounds." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091771.

Full text

Abstract:

Trichoderma is a genus of fungi used for the biological control of plant diseases and a large number of its bio-formulates are available in the market. However, its efficacy under field conditions remains unclear, especially for the protection of grapevine plants against Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs). These diseases are caused by a complex of fungal pathogens whose main point of entrance into the affected plants is through pruning wounds. In this research, different Trichoderma native strains have been evaluated according to their ability to grow at different temperatures and their capacity to colonize pruning wounds in adverse climatic conditions. Strains from section Trichoderma have adapted to cooler conditions. On the other hand, strains from clade Harzianum/Virens grow at higher temperatures. However, differences can also be found between strains inside the same clade/section. Native strains were able to colonize more than 70% of vine pruning wounds in winter conditions. The Trichoderma strain T154 showed a significantly higher re-isolation degree from vine plants and its concentration was optimized for spraying onto vine plants. In conclusion, Trichoderma native strains are better adapted to survive in a changing environment, and they could give better protection to grapevine plants in co-evolution with each specific vineyard.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Bruez, Emilie, Céline Cholet, Massimo Giudici, Marco Simonit, Tommasso Martignon, Mathilde Boisseau, Sandrine Weingartner, Xavier Poitou, Patrice Rey, and Laurence Geny-Denis. "Pruning Quality Effects on Desiccation Cone Installation and Wood Necrotization in Three Grapevine Cultivars in France." Horticulturae 8, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080681.

Full text

Abstract:

Pruning experimental studies have been performed in different vineyards, in France, USA and Australia. This article investigates and models the effects of pruning quality on the installation of desiccation cones and wood necrotization. Two different modalities of pruning, short and high pruning, were performed at the same period each year on three cultivars in Bordeaux (Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc) and Charente (Ugni Blanc) wine regions. In the short typ of pruning, the diaphragm was damaged but, in the high one, a 2–3 cm woody length was left immediately above the diaphragm. None of the three cultivars showed any correlation between necrosis length and spur diameter (R2 < 0.1925). Analysis of the Ugni Blanc, 8 months after pruning, showed significantly more necrosis length (>60%) than either Cabernet Sauvignon (31–41%) or Sauvignon Blanc (25–55%). Desiccation cone necrotization rates also varied with the vintage, particularly for Ugni Blanc. 4 or 8 months after pruning, the newly-installed desiccation cones could then be analysed. High pruning stopped the desiccation cones at the diaphragm, which ensured that the sap flow path remained unaffected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Díaz, Gonzalo A., and Bernardo A. Latorre. "Infection Caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora Associated with Esca-like Symptoms in Grapevine in Chile." Plant Disease 98, no. 3 (March 2014): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-12-1180-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Trunk diseases such as esca have been recognized as an economically important problem of grapevine worldwide. A study was conducted to characterize the distribution of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in Chile. A field survey of young and mature grapevines from 67 vineyards located along a 1,315-km north-south axis demonstrated that P. chlamydospora was present in 94.9% of the grapevine samples showing the black-wood streaking symptom (BWS) but not the characteristic foliar symptoms of esca. Phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) combined with β-tubulin (BT) genes grouped Chilean isolates together with reference isolates from South Africa and the United States, whereas Spanish isolates were clustered separately. Chilean isolates differed by only 2 to 3 bp for BT and ITS, respectively. Conidia germinated at 5 to 35°C, with an optimal temperature of 25 to 30°C. Isolates were pathogenic, and Koch's postulates were fulfilled in separate sets of inoculations of axenic plantlets, cuttings, 2-year-old plants, spurs, and shoots of V. vinifera. This study showed that P. chlamydospora was associated consistently with BWS and no other apparent symptom in young and mature grapevines, including nursery plants, in Chile. Inoculum was absent from the soil, grapevine pruning debris, sap samples, and herbaceous weeds, which is in contrast to past studies. At this time, Vitis spp. are the only known hosts of P. chlamydospora in Chile.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Mandelli, F., M. Antonio Berlato, J. Tonietto, and H. Bergamaschi. "Predicting the date of budbreak of grapevine grown in the « Serra Gaucha » region." OENO One 37, no. 4 (December 31, 2003): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2003.37.4.1677.

Full text

Abstract:

Predicting the date of budbreak allows a more organized and rational pruning, defining lire time for winter phythosanitary treatments and, if necessary, the application of products to improve homogeneous sprouting and to increase the percentage of budbreak. The objective of the work was to validate the predicting date of grapevine budbreak model developed by Pouget, in France, for the conditions of Bento Gonçalves, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To achieve this purpose, daily meteorological data of air minimum and maximum températures (°C), from 1984 to 1999, were taken from the agroclimatological station located near the experiment. The phenological data of 20 grapevine cultivars were obtained from the Embrapa Grape and Wine Germoplasm Active Bank. The phenological évaluations for each cultivar were performed on six grapevines conducted in a high vertical trellis and pnined in a bounded double Guyot. For each year, winter pruning and cultural practices were done in the same date for ail cultivars. This methodology is based on the effects of température on the sprouting velocity, on the relationships between the sum of températures and the number of days up to sprouting, and between the precocity coefficient of sprouting and the sum of température. To obtain these relationships, the same cultivars used by Pouget were taken into account, being the June lst the date considered for the beginning of the sum of temperature. Results show that the methodology of Pouget may be applied either for the "Serra Gaucha" conditions, with the possibility to predict the date of sprouting with two or three weeks earlier, depending on the cultivar and on the year, which permit the grower a better winter pruning planning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Tomasi, Diego, Federica Gaiotti, Despoina Petoumenou, Lorenzo Lovat, Nicola Belfiore, Davide Boscaro, and Giovanni Mian. "Winter Pruning: Effect on Root Density, Root Distribution and Root/Canopy Ratio in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Gris." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2020): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101509.

Full text

Abstract:

As in any other plant, the grapevine roots play a vital role in terms of anchorage, uptake of water and nutrients, as well as storage and production of chemicals. Their behaviour and development depend on various factors, namely rootstock genetics, soil physical and chemical features, and field agronomic practices. Canopy management, involving techniques such as defoliation and pruning, could greatly influence root growth. To date, most of the studies on grapevine winter pruning have focused on the effects on yield and quality of the grapes achievable through different pruning systems and techniques, while knowledge regarding root distribution, development, and growth in relation to winter pruning is still not completely understood. In this context, the purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of winter pruning on the root system of field-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Gris grafted onto rootstock SO4. We compared two pruning treatments (pruned-P and no pruned-NP) and analysed the effect on root distribution and density, the root index, and the root sugar reserve. Root data were analysed in relation to canopy growth and yield, to elucidate the effect of winter pruning on the root/yield ratio. Our data indicated that: (1) winter pruning stimulated the root growth and distribution; (2) canopy development was not negatively affected by this technique; (3) no pruned treatment produced less growth of the roots but a larger canopy. Information regarding both root growth and root canopy ratio is important as it gives us an understanding of the relationship between the aerial and subterranean parts of the plant, how they compete, and finally, offers us the possibility to ponder on the cultural practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Fogaça, Marco Aurélio de Freitas, Paulo Evandro de Costa, Marcio Lima Nilton Mautone, Antonio Romagna, Marcus Júlio Toebe, and Renato Lazzari. "Efeito da poda verde sobre a produção e qualidade das estacas da porta enxerto Paulsen 1103." Revista Agraria Academica 5, no. 5 (September 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v5n5/2022/1-8/agrariacad.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of green pruning on the production and quality of cuttings of the grapevine rootstock Paulsen 1103, using two treatments: without green pruning and with green pruning. Variables evaluated: production, and quality of cuttings, differentiated according to diameter, for table grafting (diameter: 0.8cm to 1.2cm) and for field planting, production of rooted rootstock (diameter: 0.5cm to 0.7cm). In the 2018 cycle green pruning increased production of cuttings for table grafting (55.17%), without affecting production.ha-1. In 2019, there was an increase in production.ha-1 by 49.4% and in the production of cuttings for table grafting.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kurtural, S. Kaan, Lydia F. Wessner, and Geoffrey Dervishian. "Vegetative Compensation Response of a Procumbent Grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Syrah) Cultivar under Mechanical Canopy Management." HortScience 48, no. 5 (May 2013): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.5.576.

Full text

Abstract:

A trial in the San Joaquin Valley of California investigated how the interaction of pruning systems and mechanical shoot thinning affected canopy performance, yield components, fruit phenolic composition at harvest, and production efficiency of a procumbent cultivar in a warm climate grape-growing region. Two pruning systems and three shoot thinning treatments were arranged factorially in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The pruning methods were applied by either hand-pruning to a target of 25 nodes/m or mechanically hedging and retaining a 100-mm spur height. The shoot density treatments were applied mechanically at a modified Eichhorn-Lorenz scale, stage 17 to retain 40 or 45 shoots/m of a row, or left unthinned. The contribution of count shoots to total shoots increased when mechanical box pruning replaced spur pruning. The contribution of percent count shoots to total shoots was greatest with 40 shoots/m and unthinned treatments. The percent photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmission and percent canopy gaps increased with mechanical box pruning and also with the decrease in shoot density per meter of row. Berry and cluster size decreased with mechanical box pruning application. However, because mechanically box-pruned vines carried more clusters, yield per meter of row increased. There was a quadratic response to shoot thinning where berry skin phenolics, anthocyanins, and tannins decreased with the 45 shoots/m treatment when compared with 40 shoots/m and unthinned treatments. Pruning weight per meter of row and leaf area-to-fruit ratio decreased, whereas Ravaz Index (kg yield/kg pruning weight) increased with mechanical box pruning. Shoot thinning treatments did not affect pruning weight per meter of row or leaf area-to-fruit ratio. Increasing amount of PAR and percent canopy gaps by shoot thinning resulted in vegetative compensation from a sparsely populated grapevine canopy, thereby negating its purported effects. The 40 and 45 shoots/m treatments repopulated the canopy rapidly with non-count shoots thereby increasing the pruning weight per meter of row at the end of the season. In the absence of a physiological response, shoot thinning in a procumbent cultivar is not recommended. Mechanically box pruning to a 100-mm spur height and slowing down vegetative growth by irrigating to 50% of daily evapotranspiration (ETo) variance between fruit set and veraison have resulted in a Ravaz Index window (5 to 10 kg·kg−1) and is recommended for procumbent red wine grape cultivars for the region with similar or better berry skin phenolic accumulation than spur-pruned vines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Eskalen, A., A. J. Feliciano, and W. D. Gubler. "Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Symptom Development in Response to Infection by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora." Plant Disease 91, no. 9 (September 2007): 1100–1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-9-1100.

Full text

Abstract:

Fresh to 10-month-old pruning wounds on grapevine cvs. Thompson Seedless and Cabernet Sauvignon were inoculated with Phaeoacremonium aleophilum or Phaeomoniella chlamydospora at approximately 1 × 106 spores/ml. Successful infection was determined by isolation of the pathogen from necrotic margins of cankers or from vascular discoloration assessed 4 months after each inoculation date. Disease incidence decreased as the length of time between pruning and inoculation increased; however, wounds remained susceptible for up to 4 months. Vascular discoloration was significantly less extensive in the noninoculated control than in inoculated spurs. Reduction of shoot length in both cultivars varied depending on pruning wound age at the time of inoculation. In a separate study, inoculation of fresh pruning wounds of Cabernet Sauvignon resulted in successful infection regardless of the time of pruning from February to December.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

DOBROWSKI, S. Z., S. L. USTIN, and J. A. WOLPERT. "Grapevine dormant pruning weight prediction using remotely sensed data." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 9, no. 3 (October 2003): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2003.tb00267.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

SOSNOWSKI, M. R., M. L. CREASER, T. J. WICKS, R. LARDNER, and E. S. SCOTT. "Protection of grapevine pruning wounds from infection byEutypa lata." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 14, no. 2 (July 2008): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2008.00015.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Poni, Stefano, Sergio Tombesi, Alberto Palliotti, Virginia Ughini, and Matteo Gatti. "Mechanical winter pruning of grapevine: Physiological bases and applications." Scientia Horticulturae 204 (June 2016): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.046.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Skinner, P. W., M. A. Matthews, and R. M. Carlson. "Phosphorus Requirements of Wine Grapes: Extractable Phosphate of Leaves Indicates Phosphorus Status." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 3 (May 1987): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.3.449.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Although premium wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are planted in soils of low P availability, there is little knowledge of P requirements and of the appropriate methods of P analysis in grapevines. Therefore, acetic acid extractable P was investigated as a method for determining grapevine P status. Analysis of absorption spectra established that absorbance peaks at 710 or 882 nm of the phosphomolybdate complex formed in acetic acid extracts of grapevine tissues can be used for analysis of P status. Acetic acid-extractable P was independent of sample size and extraction time and was linearly related (r2 = 0.96) to total P in four premium wine grape varieties. Lamina indicated whole plant P status better than petioles, since extractable P accumulated more in lamina than in petioles. Total and extractable P of basal lamina decreased significantly after anthesis, which diminished the differences between P-sufficient and P-deficient vines. Therefore, the best time to assess vine P status using leaves is at anthesis. When P fertilizer was applied, lamina-extractable P was positively correlated with berry weight, yield, and pruning weight in Chenin blanc vines growing under P-deficient conditions. The results indicate that acetic acid extractable P in lamina sampled at anthesis is a sensitive measure of grapevine P status.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Nitsos, Christos, Leonidas Matsakas, Kostas Triantafyllidis, Ulrika Rova, and Paul Christakopoulos. "Evaluation of Mediterranean Agricultural Residues as a Potential Feedstock for the Production of Biogas via Anaerobic Fermentation." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/171635.

Full text

Abstract:

Hydrothermal, dilute acid, and steam explosion pretreatment methods, were evaluated for their efficiency to improve the methane production yield of three Mediterranean agricultural lignocellulosic residues such as olive tree pruning, grapevine pruning, and almond shells. Hydrothermal and dilute acid pretreatments provided low to moderate increase in the digestibility of the biomass samples, whereas steam explosion enabled the highest methane yields to be achieved for almond shells at 232.2 ± 13.0 mL CH4/gVS and olive pruning at 315.4 ± 0.0 mL CH4/gVS. Introduction of an enzymatic prehydrolysis step moderately improved methane yields for hydrothermal and dilute acid pretreated samples but not for the steam exploded ones.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Molaei, Faezeh, and Shirin Ghatrehsamani. "Kinematic-Based Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a Grapevine Pruning Robotic Manipulator." AgriEngineering 4, no. 3 (July 4, 2022): 606–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering4030040.

Full text

Abstract:

Annual cane pruning of grape vineyards is a time-consuming and labor-intensive job, but no mechanized or automatic way has been developed to do it yet. Robotic pruning can be a perfect alternative to human labor. This article proposes a systematic seven-stage procedure to design a kinematically optimized manipulator, named ‘Prubot’, to manage vineyards’ cane pruning. The manipulator structure was chosen, resulting in a 7R (Revolute) manipulator with a spherical shoulder and wrist. To obtain the design constraints, the manipulator task space was modeled. The robot’s second and third link lengths were determined by optimizing the global translational version of the measure of manipulability and the measure of isotropy of the manipulator arm section. Finally, simulations confirmed the appropriateness of the manipulator workspace. Furthermore, sampling-based path planning simulations were carried out to evaluate the manipulator’s kinematic performance. Results illustrated the impressive kinematic performance of the robot in terms of path planning success rate (≅100%). The simulations also suggest that among the eight single-query sampling-based path planning algorithms used in the simulations, Lazy RRT and KPIECE are the best (≤5 s & ~100%) and worst ≥5 s &≤25% path planning algorithms for such a robot in terms of computation time and success rate, respectively. The procedure proposed in this paper offers a foundation for the kinematic and task-based design of a cane pruning manipulator. It could be promisingly used for designing similar agricultural manipulators.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Moreno-Sanz, P., G. Lucchetta, A. Zanzotto, M. D. Loureiro, B. Suarez, and E. Angelini. "Fungi associated to grapevine trunk diseases in young plants in Asturias (Northern Spain)." Horticultural Science 40, No. 3 (August 28, 2013): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/9/2013-hortsci.

Full text

Abstract:

Dark discolorations of the vascular vessels of 3-year-old potted plants of Asturian grapevine cultivar (Northern Spain), were observed during pruning. These symptoms can be associated to fungal trunk diseases that, in the last decades, are affecting young vineyards all over the world. Cross sections from root, trunk and canes of 19 young grapevine plants were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic fungi associated with these diseases. Non-pathogenic fungi were isolated from both asymptomatic and symptomatic samples, showing that dark discolorations, in some cases, were a consequence of abiotic causes. Regarding pathogenic fungi, Cylindrocarpon spp. colonies were the most frequent, isolated mainly from roots and from asymptomatic tissue. Botryosphaeria spp. colonies were mostly isolated from trunk and from sections with dark discolorations generated by pruning. Phaeoacremonium spp. was isolated from all the organs (roots, trunk and canes). Only one colony of Libertella spp. was isolated. These results suggest the need of a standard protocol, combining treatments and management activities, to be performed in nurseries to limit the spread of these diseases.    

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Harvey, I. C., and J. S. Hunt. "Penetration of Trichoderma harzianum into grapevine wood from treated pruning wounds." New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (August 1, 2006): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4592.

Full text

Abstract:

Vinevaxtrade; (containing a mixture of strains of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum) is normally applied as soon as possible after grapevine pruning However using a range of six timings after pruning from immediate to 4 days later it was shown that the best penetration of the fungi into the wood was with treatment at approximately 5 h after pruning A novel method of measuring penetration and vigour of the growth of Trichoderma spp into grape wood is described A second trial using a range of concentrations of Vinevaxtrade; (at and below label rates) was applied as a general cover spray over dormant pruned vines The percentage incidence and vigour of penetration of the T harzianum into canes was concentration dependent and lower than the targeted handapplied treatment earlier in the season Therefore targeted timely applications of the product appear to be best for good wood penetration of T harzianum

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Del Giudice, Angelo, Andrea Acampora, Enrico Santangelo, Luigi Pari, Simone Bergonzoli, Ettore Guerriero, Francesco Petracchini, Marco Torre, Valerio Paolini, and Francesco Gallucci. "Wood Chip Drying through the Using of a Mobile Rotary Dryer." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091590.

Full text

Abstract:

Drying is a critical point for the exploitation of biomass for energy production. High moisture content negatively affects the efficiency of power generation in combustion and gasification systems. Different types of dryers are available however; it is known that rotary dryers have low cost of maintenance and consume 15% and 30% less in terms of specific energy. The study analyzed the drying process of woody residues using a new prototype of mobile rotary dryer cocurrent flow. Woodchip of poplar (Populus spp.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) pruning were dried in a rotary drier. The drying cycle lasted 8 h for poplar, 6 h for black locust, and 6 h for pruning of grapevine. The initial biomass had a moisture content of around 50% for the poplar and around 30% for grapevine and black locust. The study showed that some characteristics of the biomass (e.g., initial moisture content, particle size distribution, bulk density) influence the technical parameters (i.e., airflow temperature, rate, and speed) of the drying process and, hence, the energy demand. At the end of the drying process, 17% of water was removed for poplar wood chips and 31% for grapevine and black locust wood chips. To achieve this, result the three-biomass required 1.61 (poplar), 0.86 (grapevine), and 1.12 MJ kgdry solids−1 (black locust), with an efficiency of thermal drying (η) respectively of 37%, 12%, and 27%. In the future, the results obtained suggest an increase in the efficiency of the thermal insulation of the mobile dryer, and the application of the mobile dryer in a small farm, for the recovery of exhaust gases from thermal power plants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Úrbez-Torres, J. R., M. Battany, L. J. Bettiga, C. Gispert, G. McGourty, J. Roncoroni, R. J. Smith, P. Verdegaal, and W. D. Gubler. "Botryosphaeriaceae Species Spore-Trapping Studies in California Vineyards." Plant Disease 94, no. 6 (June 2010): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0717.

Full text

Abstract:

The seasonal abundance of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. spores was studied in California vineyards by using glass microscope slides covered with petroleum jelly placed on grapevine cordons and Burkard volumetric spore traps at seven and two different locations, respectively. Correlation analysis was used to determine which meteorological variables (precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed) influenced Botryosphaeriaceae spp. spore release. Among all variables, regression analysis resulted in a strong relationship between spore release and precipitation. Additionally, a positive relationship between irrigation and spore release was also observed in the Riverside County vineyard. During the study period, spore discharge of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. occurred from the first fall rain through the last spring rains, coinciding with September to April. However, based on the results obtained from the spore traps, most spores (over 60%) were trapped following rain events during the winter months of December, January, and February, which coincides with the grapevine pruning season. Botryosphaeriaceae spp. spore release was much lower in fall and early spring (22%) and very few or no spores were trapped in late spring and summer (3%). This work suggests that a delay of pruning time in California may be warranted to reduce grapevine infection because the current timing coincides with the greatest period of spore discharge.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Pitt, Wayne M., Mark R. Sosnowski, Rujuan Huang, Yu Qiu, Christopher C. Steel, and Sandra Savocchia. "Evaluation of Fungicides for the Management of Botryosphaeria Canker of Grapevines." Plant Disease 96, no. 9 (September 2012): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-11-0998-re.

Full text

Abstract:

The family Botryosphaeriaceae comprises a number of species that are associated with the dieback disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera), referred to as Botryosphaeria canker. To date, there are few effective agents available for the management of this disease. In this study, fungicides were evaluated for controlling the disease using a combination of in vitro tests and field trials. Twenty fungicides registered for use on other diseases in Australian viticulture were tested in vitro for their effect on mycelial growth of four species within the Botryosphaeriaceae. The concentrations of fungicide at which 50% of mycelial growth is inhibited (EC50 values) were significantly affected both by fungicide and isolate (P < 0.001). Differences in sensitivities of the four species to the fungicides were negligible (0.41 to 0.59 mg/liter). The most effective fungicides were fludioxonil, carbendazim, fluazinam, tebuconazole, flusilazole, penconazole, procymidone, iprodione, myclobutanil, and pyraclostrobin, for which EC50 values were <1.0 mg/liter. These fungicides were evaluated under field conditions, in addition to the pruning wound protectants Bacseal Super, Garrison, and ATCS tree wound dressing, as well as the biological control agent Vinevax. In field trials, carbendazim (Bavistin), fluazinam (Shirlan), tebuconazole (Folicur), Garrison, and ATCS tree wound dressing applied to freshly cut pruning wounds were the most effective and reduced infection by Diplodia seriata and D. mutila by 41 to 65%. These results suggest that the occurrence of Botryosphaeria canker on grapevines may be reduced via treatment of pruning wounds with selected fungicides as soon as possible after pruning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Marinello, F., A. Pezzuolo, F. Meggio, J. A. Martínez-Casasnovas, T. Yezekyan, and L. Sartori. "Application of the Kinect sensor for three dimensional characterization of vine canopy." Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017001042.

Full text

Abstract:

Monitoring grapevine canopy size and evolution during time is of great interest for the management of the vineyard. An interesting and cost effective solution for 3D characterization is provided by the Kinect sensor. To assess its practical applicability, field experiments were carried out on two different grapevines varieties (Glera and Merlot) for a three months period. The results from 3D digital imaging were compared with those achieved by direct hand-made measurements. Estimated volume was then effectively correlated to the number of leaves and to the leaf area index. The experiments demonstrated how a low cost 3D sensor can be applied for fast and repeatable reconstruction of vine vegetation, opening up for new potential improvements in variable rate application or pruning

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Pire, R. "CORRECTION OF ZINC DEFICIENCY IN GRAPEVINE BY TREATING PRUNING WOUNDS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 199 (August 1987): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.199.36.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Samra, B. "SUITABLE CANE THICKNESS RETAINED ON SUPERIOR GRAPEVINE AT WINTER PRUNING." Journal of Plant Production 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 2781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2008.164920.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Bester, W., P. W. Crous, and P. H. Fourie. "Evaluation of fungicides as potential grapevine pruning wound protectants againstBotryosphaeriaspecies." Australasian Plant Pathology 36, no. 1 (2007): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap06086.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Burke, Lisa A., and Jessica Morris Wise. "The effective care, handling and pruning of the office grapevine." Business Horizons 46, no. 3 (May 2003): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-6813(03)00031-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Roquelaure, Yves, Corinne Dano, Gaétan Dusolier, Serge Fanello, and Dominique Penneau-Fontbonne. "Biomechanical strains on the hand-wrist system during grapevine pruning." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 75, no. 8 (November 1, 2002): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0366-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Sosnowski, Mark R., Adrian P. Loschiavo, Trevor J. Wicks, and Eileen S. Scott. "Evaluating Treatments and Spray Application for the Protection of Grapevine Pruning Wounds from Infection by Eutypa lata." Plant Disease 97, no. 12 (December 2013): 1599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-13-0201-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Eutypa dieback threatens the sustainability of vineyards worldwide and limited treatments are available for control of the disease in grapevine. Following the loss of the effective benzimidazole fungicides, benomyl and carbendazim, there is a need to identify alternatives for the protection of pruning wounds against infection by ascospores of Eutypa lata. In this study, 24 fungicide and natural treatments were evaluated in the laboratory and field. Tebuconazole and carbendazim were the most effective fungicides for reducing colonization of pruning wounds inoculated with E. lata. Pyrimethanil and fluazinam also provided some control but were less effective than tebuconazole at the rates tested. Other treatments, such as cyprodinil + fludioxionil, pyraclostrobin, a garlic extract, and lactoferrin, reduced colonization of wounds by E. lata but require further evaluation at higher concentrations. Carbendazim applied to pruning wounds using tractor-driven sprayers reduced the incidence of pruning wound infection by E. lata to levels similar to that achieved by application with a paint brush.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Grapevine pruning'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles