Journal articles on the topic 'Grapevine adaption'
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1
Xu, Meilong, Qian Tong, Yi Wang, Zemin Wang, Guangzhao Xu, Gathunga Kirabi Elias, Shaohua Li, and Zhenchang Liang. "Transcriptomic Analysis of the Grapevine LEA Gene Family in Response to Osmotic and Cold Stress Reveals a Key Role for VamDHN3." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 4 (January 22, 2020): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa004.
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Abstract Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins comprise a large family that plays important roles in the regulation of abiotic stress, however, no in-depth analysis of LEA genes has been performed in grapevine to date. In this study, we analyzed a total of 52 putative LEA genes in grapevine at the genomic and transcriptomic level, compiled expression profiles of four selected (V. amurensis) VamLEA genes under cold and osmotic stresses, and studied the potential function of the V. amurensis DEHYDRIN3 (VamDHN3) gene in grapevine callus. The 52 LEA proteins were classified into seven phylogenetic groups. RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that a total of 16 and 23 VamLEA genes were upregulated under cold and osmotic stresses, respectively. In addition, overexpression of VamDHN3 enhanced the stability of the cell membrane in grapevine callus, suggesting that VamDHN3 is involved in osmotic regulation. These results provide fundamental knowledge for the further analysis of the biological roles of grapevine LEA genes in adaption to abiotic stress.
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Daldoul, Samia, Anis Ben Amar, Sabine Guillaumie, and Ahmed Mliki. "Integration of omics and system biology approaches to study grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) response to salt stress: a perspective for functional genomics - A review." OENO One 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2014.48.3.1573.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The ability of plants to modify their behavior appropriately in response to salt stress is a major factor in their adaptation to this specific constraint. To date, environmental constraints, including salinity, become more and more unfavorable especially for glycophytes such as grapevines. Salt tolerance is a complex physiological and multigenic trait. Studying the functional networks of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of grapevine plants subjected to salinity may help to identify candidate genes associated with salt tolerance mechanisms. Thus, the integration of omics tools (i.e., genomics, proteomics and metabolomics) with physiological approaches allows better understanding of the grapevine plant response and developing efficient markerassisted selection strategies in order to generate salt stress resistant grapevine varieties. In this review, research progress in grapevine responses to salt stress is discussed, highlighting the importance of the system biology approach for identifying molecular regulatory networks leading to a better adaptation ability of grapevine to salt stress.</p>
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MacMillan, Phoebe, Generosa Teixeira, Carlos M. Lopes, and Ana Monteiro. "The role of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical traits in determining capacity for coping with abiotic stresses: a review." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 36, no. 1 (2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/ctv2021360175.
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Worldwide, there are thousands of Vitis vinifera grape cultivars used for wine production, creating a large morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular diversity that needs to be further characterised and explored, with a focus on their capacity to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. This knowledge can then be used to select better adapted genotypes in order to help face the challenges of the expected climate changes in the near future. It will also assist grape growers in choosing the most suitable cultivar(s) for each terroir; with adaptation to drought and heat stresses being a fundamental characteristic. The leaf blade of grapevines is the most exposed organ to abiotic stresses, therefore its study regarding the tolerance to water and heat stress is becoming particularly important, mainly in Mediterranean viticulture. This review focuses on grapevine leaf morphoanatomy - leaf blade form, leaf epidermis characteristics (cuticle, indumentum, pavement cells and stomata) and anatomy of mesophyll - and their adaptation to abiotic stresses. V. vinifera xylem architecture and its adaptation capacity when the grapevine is subjected to water stress is also highlighted since grapevines have been observed to exhibit a large variability in responses to water availability. The hydraulic properties of the petiole, shoot and trunk are also reviewed. Summarising, this paper reviews recent advances related to the adaptation of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical features and hydraulic architecture to abiotic stresses, mainly water and heat stress, induced primarily by an ever-changing global climate.
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Nogales, Amaia, Hugo Ribeiro, Julio Nogales-Bueno, Lee D. Hansen, Elsa F. Gonçalves, João Lucas Coito, Ana Elisa Rato, Augusto Peixe, Wanda Viegas, and Hélia Cardoso. "Response of Mycorrhizal ’Touriga Nacional‘ Variety Grapevines to High Temperatures Measured by Calorespirometry and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." Plants 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111499.
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Heat stress negatively affects several physiological and biochemical processes in grapevine plants. In this work, two new methods, calorespirometry, which has been used to determine temperature adaptation in plants, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which has been used to determine several grapevine-related traits and to discriminate among varieties, were tested to evaluate grapevine response to high temperatures. ‘Touriga Nacional’ variety grapevines, inoculated or not with Rhizoglomus irregulare or Funneliformis mosseae, were used in this study. Calorespirometric parameters and NIR spectra, as well as other parameters commonly used to assess heat injury in plants, were measured before and after high temperature exposure. Growth rate and substrate carbon conversion efficiency, calculated from calorespirometric measurements, and stomatal conductance, were the most sensitive parameters for discriminating among high temperature responses of control and inoculated grapevines. The results revealed that, although this vine variety can adapt its physiology to temperatures up to 40 °C, inoculation with R. irregulare could additionally help to sustain its growth, especially after heat shocks. Therefore, the combination of calorespirometry together with gas exchange measurements is a promising strategy for screening grapevine heat tolerance under controlled conditions and has high potential to be implemented in initial phases of plant breeding programs.
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De Micco, Veronica, Enrica Zalloni, Giovanna Battipaglia, Arturo Erbaggio, Pasquale Scognamiglio, Rosanna Caputo, and Chiara Cirillo. "Rootstock effect on tree-ring traits in grapevine under a climate change scenario." IAWA Journal 39, no. 2 (June 13, 2018): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170199.
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ABSTRACTProjected changes in drought occurrence in the Mediterranean region are raising concerns about the adaptive capability of rainfed crops, such as grapevine, to increasing aridity. Cultivation management, especially the techniques influencing the hydraulic pathway, can play a role in plant adaptation to drought for the consequent changes in wood anatomical functional traits. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of grafting on wood anatomy in tree-ring series ofVitis vini-feraL. ‘Piedirosso’ grapevine cultivated in a volcanic area in Southern Italy. Tree-ring anatomy was analysed in vines grown on their own roots or grafted onto 420A rootstock. Results showed that grafted vines had a higher occurrence of wood traits linked with safety of water transport if compared with non-grafted vines. Grafting induced the formation of tree rings with higher incidence of latewood also characterised by narrower and more frequent vessels if compared with non-grafted vines. This study suggested a different regulation of water flow in the grafted and non-grafted vines. Such findings support the analysis of wood anatomy as a tool to drive decisions linked with plant cultivation management. In this specific case, our results encourage to further explore the change from a traditional cultivation with own-rooted grapevines towards grafted models inducing better xylem adaptation to increasing drought.
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa, Gastón, Roberto Mateluna-Cuadra, Irina Díaz-Gálvez, Nilo Mejía, and Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez. "Methyl Jasmonate Applications in Viticulture: A Tool to Increase the Content of Flavonoids and Stilbenes in Grapes and Wines." Horticulturae 7, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7060133.
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Recently, the interest in methyl jasmonate (MeJ) has increased in viticulture due to its effects on the synthesis of phenolic secondary metabolites in grapes, especially of anthocyanins, flavonols, and stilbenes derivatives, naturally occurring or synthesized, in berries in response to MeJ application to grapevines. These metabolites help to define sensory characteristics of wines by contributing to their color, flavor and mouthfeel properties, and to derive potential beneficial health effects due to their consumption. This review offers an overview of the importance of these phenolic compounds in grape and wine quality, in association with the MeJ supplementation to grapevines, and also considers their natural biosynthesis in grapes. On the other hand, this review describes the adaptation mechanisms induced after the grapevine elicitation. In addition, this report addresses the effects of MeJ over other aspects of Vitis immunity and its association with phenolic compounds and summarizes the recently published reports about the effects of exogenous MeJ applications to grapevines on grape and wine quality.
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Damiano, Nicola, Carmen Arena, Antonello Bonfante, Rosanna Caputo, Arturo Erbaggio, Chiara Cirillo, and Veronica De Micco. "How Leaf Vein and Stomata Traits Are Related with Photosynthetic Efficiency in Falanghina Grapevine in Different Pedoclimatic Conditions." Plants 11, no. 11 (June 4, 2022): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111507.
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The increase in severe drought events due to climate change in the areas traditionally suitable for viticulture is enhancing the need to understand how grapevines regulate their photosynthetic metabolism in order to forecast specific cultivar adaptive responses to the changing environment. This study aims at evaluating the association between leaf anatomical traits and eco-physiological adjustments of the ‘Falanghina’ grapevine under different microclimatic conditions at four sites in southern Italy. Sites were characterized by different pedoclimatic conditions but, as much as possible, were similar for plant material and cultivation management. Microscopy analyses on leaves were performed to quantify stomata and vein traits, while eco-physiological analyses were conducted on vines to assess plant physiological adaptation capability. At the two sites with relatively low moisture, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, photosystem electron transfer rate, and quantum yield of PSII, linear electron transport was lower compared to the other two sites. Stomata size was higher at the site characterized by the highest precipitation. However, stomatal density and most vein traits tended to be relatively stable among sites. The number of free vein endings per unit leaf area was lower in the two vineyards with low precipitation. We suggest that site-specific stomata and vein traits modulation in Falanghina grapevine are an acclimation strategy that may influence photosynthetic performance. Overall in-depth knowledge of the structure/function relations in Falanghina vines might be useful to evaluate the plasticity of this cultivar towards site-specific management of vineyards in the direction of precision viticulture.
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Fraga, Helder. "Viticulture and Winemaking under Climate Change." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120783.
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The importance of viticulture and the winemaking socio-economic sector is acknowledged worldwide. The most renowned winemaking regions show very specific environmental characteristics, where climate usually plays a central role. Considering the strong influence of weather and climatic factors on grapevine yields and berry quality attributes, climate change may indeed significantly impact this crop. Recent-past trends already point to a pronounced increase in the growing season mean temperatures, as well as changes in the precipitation regimes, which has been influencing wine typicity across some of the most renowned winemaking regions worldwide. Moreover, several climate scenarios give evidence of enhanced stress conditions for grapevine growth until the end of the century. Although grapevines have a high resilience, the clear evidence for significant climate change in the upcoming decades urges adaptation and mitigation measures to be taken by the sector stakeholders. To provide hints on the abovementioned issues, we have edited a special issue entitled: “Viticulture and Winemaking under Climate Change”. Contributions from different fields were considered, including crop and climate modeling, and potential adaptation measures against these threats. The current special issue allows the expansion of the scientific knowledge of these particular fields of research, also providing a path for future research.
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Verdugo-Vásquez, Nicolás, Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa, Emilio Villalobos-Soublett, and Andrés Zurita-Silva. "Effects of Rootstocks on Blade Nutritional Content of Two Minority Grapevine Varieties Cultivated under Hyper-Arid Conditions in Northern Chile." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020327.
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In the 90s, as in other countries, transformation of Chilean viticulture brought about the introduction and spread of European grapevine varieties which has resulted in a massive loss of minor local and autochthonous grapevine varieties traditionally grown in several wine growing regions. Fortunately, in recent years, autochthonous and minority varieties have been revalued due to their high tolerance to pests and diseases and because of their adaptation to thermal and water stress triggered by global warming. In this study, we assessed the nutritional status of two autochthonous grapevines grafted onto four different rootstocks under the hyper-arid climatic conditions of Northern Chile over three consecutive seasons. The results showed that R32 rootstock induced high N, P, Ca, Mg and Mn levels in blades compared to Harmony rootstock. R32 rootstock and to a lesser extent, 1103 Paulsen and 140 Ruggeri rootstocks kept balanced levels of nutrients in blades collected from Moscatel Amarilla and Moscatel Negra grapevine varieties. Additionally, Harmony presented slight nutritional imbalance compared to the rest of studied rootstocks due to its low absorption of Mg, Mn, Ca and P, and its high K absorption, which was exacerbated under warm weather and salinity soil conditions. These results may provide a basis for specific cultivar/rootstock/site combinations, a nutritional guide for the viticulturists of Northern Chile, and options to diversify their production favoring the use of minority and autochthonous varieties that adapt well to hyper-arid conditions of Northern Chile.
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Merot, Anne, Aurélie Metay, Nathalie Smits, and Marie Thiollet-Scholtus. "Adaptation of the regional agronomic diagnosis for grapevine yield analysis." OENO One 56, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.1.4568.
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Yield issues are crucial for winegrowers. In France, yield is often lower than winegrowers’ objectives, and there is a need to understand the causes and magnitude of yield variability in vineyard systems. The yield formation process for grapevine (Vitis vinifera) takes place over two consecutive years. Grapevine is also characterised by a limited control of phenology, a winter dormancy period and the existence of storage organs. We adapted the regional agronomic diagnosis approach as defined by Doré et al. (1997) to quantify grapevine yield variability in two complementary case studies. The regional agronomic diagnosis proved useful in acquiring knowledge on grapevine functioning, reflecting on the data collection strategy, and leveraging interventions to better control yield by integrating multiple factors, particularly in the context of transitioning viticulture systems. Furthermore, the successful application of a regional agronomic diagnosis to grapevine crops can be considered as a major contribution to increasing the understanding of yield formation. It helps winegrowers manage yield variability when addressing planned or unplanned changing conditions, such as an agroecological transition or climate change.
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Fraga, Helder, Iñaki García de Cortázar Atauri, Aureliano C. Malheiro, José Moutinho-Pereira, and João A. Santos. "Viticulture in Portugal: A review of recent trends and climate change projections." OENO One 51, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2017.51.2.1621.
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Aim: The winemaking sector in Portugal is of major socio-economic relevance, significantly contributing to the national exports and sustaining many wine-related activities, including oenotourism. Portuguese viticultural regions present a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions with remarkable regional specificities, thus contributing to the individuality of their wines. Owing to the strong influence of climate and weather factors on grapevines, climate change may drive significant impacts on Portuguese viticulture.Methods and results: Climatic projections for the next decades in Portugal highlight an overall warming and drying trend of the grapevine growing season, potentially resulting in modifications in phenology, growth, development, yields and eventually wine characteristics and typicity. Furthermore, the current viticultural suitability of each region is projected to undergo significant changes, suggesting a reshaping of the optimal conditions for viticulture throughout the country. In order to sustain high quality levels and affordable yield regularity, cost-effective, appropriate and timely adaptation measures must be implemented by the sector.Conclusion: The most recent scientific studies covering the potential impacts of climate change on Portuguese viticulture are herein presented.Significance and impact of the study: Possible adaptation measures against these threats are also discussed, foreseeing their integration into decision support systems by stakeholders and decision-makers.
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Guseynova, Batuch, Firuza Ashurbekova, and Tatyana Daudova. "Агробиологическая и технологическая характеристика технических сортов винограда из Дагестана." Magarach. Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie, no. 3(109) part: 21 (September 18, 2019): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35547/im.2019.21.3.006.
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Определены агробиологические и технологические показатели винограда сортов Асыл кара, Платовский, Рубин Голодриги, Саперави и Алый терский с целью получения данных об адаптивных проявлениях интродуцентов к условиям культивирования в Дагестане, и определения сортов с лучшими технологическими свойствами. Исследования проводили с применением современных и классических методов агробиологического учета и определения технологических свойств винограда. Результаты фенологических наблюдений показали различия в наступлении периода полной зрелости ягод у исследованного винограда (от 1 до 43 дней), что говорит о влиянии экологических условий места выращивания и позволяет причислить сорта к следующим группам по срокам созревания: Платовский в Дагестане проявил свойства винограда сверхраннего срока созревания, Асыл кара - ранне-среднего, Алый терский - среднего, а Саперави и Рубин Голодриги - среднепозднего. Урожайность винограда - главный показатель оценки степени адаптации сорта к условиям возделывания, у интродуцированных сортов Асыл кара и Рубин Голодриги высокая (70-100 ц/га), у Платовского, Саперави и аборигенного сорта Алого терского очень высокая (свыше 100 ц/га). Лучшими по строению грозди оказались сорта Саперави (27,6) и Платовский (24,6), высокое значение показателя её сложения определено у сортов Рубин Голодриги (16,2), Алый терский (13,9) и Саперави (13,2). Последние лидировали и по величине структурного показателя (отличались большим количеством мякоти с соком - 88-91% от массы грозди и низким содержание скелета и твердого остатка), что является ценным технологическим свойством, которое у интродуцентов Рубина Голодриги и Саперави проявилось также хорошо, как и у аборигенного сорта Алого терского. У всех изученных сортов содержание сахаров и титруемых кислот соответствовало требованиям, предъявляемым к техническим сортам. Сведения о положительном проявлении адаптивных способностей исследованных сортов в условиях южной равнинно-предгорной зоны Дагестана важны на современном этапе формирования промышленного сортимента для успешного развития виноградовинодельческой отрасли сельского хозяйства Республики Дагестан.The agrobiological and technological characteristics of grapevine cultivars ‘Asyl kara’, ‘Platovskiy’, ‘Rubin Golodrigi’, ‘Saperavi’ and ‘Alyi terskii’ were assessed in order to collect data on adaptive behaviour of introduced species in the conditions of Dagestan, and determine cultivars with the best technological properties. Modern and standard methods were applied for agrobiologic registration and determination of technological properties of grapevines. The phenological observation data revealed differences in the full berry ripeness period of the studied cultivars (from 1 to 43 days) which confirms the ecological conditions impact of the cultivation place, and allows to rank cultivars by the following groups according to berry ripening dates: ‘Platovskiy’ in Dagestan demonstrated the potential of an extra early ripening period; ‘Asyl kara’ -early and medium, ‘Alyi terskii’ - medium, and ‘Saperavi’ and ‘Rubin Golodrigi’ - medium and late ripening period. Grapevine fertility is the principal indicator in assessment of the extent of grapevine adaptation to certain cultivation conditions. Thus, introduced cultivars ‘Asyl kara’ and ‘Rubin Golodrigi’ demonstrated high fertility (70-100 c/ha), ‘Platovskiy’, ‘Saperavi’ and aboriginal variety ‘Alyi terskii’ - very high fertility (over 100 c/ha). By cluster morphology, ‘Saperavi’ (27.6) and ‘Platovskiy’ (24.6) cultivars were the best. The high value of morphology indicator was demonstrated by ‘Rubin Golodrigi’ (16.2), ‘Alyi terskii’ (13.9) and ‘Saperavi’ (13.2). The latter were in the lead also by the structural indicator value (they stood out for a large amount of pulp with juice - 88-91% of the cluster weight, and low crest weight and solid residue), which is a valuable technological characteristic demonstrated by ‘Rubin Golodrigi’, ‘Saperavi’, and aboriginal grapevine ‘Alyi terskii’. Sugar and titratable acids content of all the studied cultivars were consistent with the requirements for wine cultivars. Data on positive manifestation of adaptive abilities of the studied cultivars in the conditions of the southern plain-piedmont zone of Dagestan are important for the formation of industrial assortment to ensure successful development of the viticinicultural industry of the agriculture of the Republic of Dagestan.
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Biasi, Rita, Elena Brunori, Carlotta Ferrara, and Luca Salvati. "Assessing Impacts of Climate Change on Phenology and Quality Traits of Vitis vinifera L.: The Contribution of Local Knowledge." Plants 8, no. 5 (May 9, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8050121.
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Developing adaptation strategies in Vitis vinifera, a crop sensitive to climate change, is crucial for resilience of traditional viticultural systems, especially in climate-vulnerable areas like the Mediterranean basin. A progressive warming is demonstrated to alter the geographical distribution of grapevine, reducing land capability for typical grapes and vine productions in most Southern European districts traditionally specialized in tree crops. Grapevine growth and reproduction under climate change require a continuous monitoring to adapt agronomic practices and strategies to global change. The present study illustrates an empirical approach grounded on a set of bio-physical indicators assessing the genotype-related response to climate variation. This approach was tested in Umbria, central Italy, to verify the response of some major international and local grapevine varieties to climate variation during a relatively long time interval (1995–2015). Long-term data for ripening time and berry quality collected in the study area were correlated to representative bioclimatic indices including Winkler, Huglin, and Cool night indicators. Results of this study highlighted the increase of air temperature (reflecting the inherent growth in thermal availability for maturation) and the alteration of precipitation patterns toward more intense precipitation. Climate variability exerted distinctive impacts on grapevine phenology depending on the related genotype. Empirical findings underline the usefulness of a permanent field monitoring of the relationship between selected climate variables and grape ripening with the aim to develop adaptive viticultural practices at farm’s scale.
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Fraga, Helder, Daniel Molitor, Luisa Leolini, and João A. Santos. "What Is the Impact of Heatwaves on European Viticulture? A Modelling Assessment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093030.
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Extreme heat events or heatwaves can be particularly harmful to grapevines, posing a major challenge to winegrowers in Europe. The present study is focused on the application of the crop model STICS to assess the potential impacts of heatwaves over some of the most renowned winemaking regions in Europe. For this purpose, STICS was applied to grapevines, using high-resolution weather, soil and terrain datasets from 1986 to 2015. To assess the impact of heatwaves, the weather dataset was artificially modified, generating periods with anomalously high temperatures (+5 °C), at specific onset dates and with specific episode durations (from five to nine days). The model was then run with this modified weather dataset, and the results were compared to the original unmodified runs. The results show that heatwaves can have a very strong impact on grapevine yields. However, these impacts strongly depend on the onset dates and duration of the heatwaves. The highest negative impacts may result in a decrease in the yield by up to −35% in some regions. The results show that regions with a peak vulnerability on 1 August will be more negatively impacted than other regions. Furthermore, the geographical representation of yield reduction hints at a latitudinal gradient in the heatwave impact, indicating stronger reductions in the cooler regions of Central Europe than in the warmer regions of Southern Europe. Despite some uncertainties inherent to the current modelling assessment, the present study highlights the negative impacts of heatwaves on viticultural yields in Europe, which is critical information for stakeholders within the winemaking sector for planning suitable adaptation measures.
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Fraga, Helder. "Climate Change: A New Challenge for the Winemaking Sector." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101465.
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Viticulture and winemaking have a strong socio-economic importance worldwide. Weather and climate represent key forcing factors for grapevine development, yields, and quality. Hence, climate change is expected to pose a strong impact on this crop, threatening the sustainability of the winemaking sector. Recent-past trends show noticeable warming in the grapevine growing season, as well as changes in the precipitation patterns in many renowned winemaking regions worldwide. Furthermore, climate projections point to enhanced stress conditions for grapevine growth under future scenarios. The strong evidence for a significant warming and drying in the upcoming decades urges adaptation measures to be taken by the winemaking sector. The aim of this editorial is to provide an updated overview of the adaptation measures that can be used by sector stakeholders to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. A recent review article, which highlights several adaptation strategies to ensure the future sustainability of this important sector, is hereby analyzed.
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HARDIE, W. JAMES (JIM). "Grapevine biology and adaptation to viticulture." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 6, no. 2 (July 2000): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2000.tb00165.x.
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Pavlyuchenko, Natalia, Natalia Zimina, Svetlana Melnikova, and Olga Kolesnikova. "The effect of salicylic acid on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of grafted grapevine seedlings." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127301014.
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While the production of grafted grapevine seedlings we studied the effect of treatment of copulation sections on rootstock vine cuttings with salicylic acid solution (SC) (10-2, 10-4, 10-6, 10-8) on tissue regeneration, root formation, growth and development of shoots, leaf surface formation during the period of grafting stratification and on adaptation of seedlings in the field. In the experiment, we used grafted grapevine variety Cabernet Sauvignon, the rootstock - Berlandieri of Riparia Kober 5BB. The experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized scheme with triple repetitions (each repetition has 100 plants) in laboratory and field conditions. The results showed a reduction in the period of grafts’ stratification in some variants, due to the activation of the process of callus tissue formation. At the same time, the use of salicylic acid stimulated the budding of the scion, the growth of shoots and the development of root system. Increased concentration of SC (10-2) inhibits the growth of shoots. The positive effect of SC on adaptive parameters was established.
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Templ, Barbara, Matthias Templ, Roberto Barbieri, Michael Meier, and Vivan Zufferey. "Coincidence of temperature extremes and phenological events of grapevines." OENO One 55, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.1.3187.
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A growing number of studies have highlighted the consequences of climate change on agriculture, including the impacts of climate extremes such as drought, heat waves and frost. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of temperature extremes on various phenological events of grapevine varieties in Southwest Switzerland (Leytron, Canton of Valais). We aimed to capture the occurrence of extreme events in specific years in various grapevine varieties and at different phenological phases to rank the varieties based on their sensitivity to temperature extremes and thus quantify their robustness. Phenological observations (1978–2018) of six Vitis vinifera varieties (Arvine, Chardonnay, Chasselas, Gamay, Pinot noir and Syrah) were subjected to event coincidence analysis. Extreme events were defined as values in the uppermost or lowermost percentiles of the timing of the phenophases and daily temperatures within a 30-day window before the phenophase event occurred. Significantly more extreme temperature and phenological events occurred in Leytron between 2003 and 2017 than in the earlier years, with the years 2007, 2011, 2014 and 2017 being remarkable in terms of the number of extreme coincidence events. Moreover, bud development and flowering experienced significantly more extreme coincidence events than other phenophases; however, the occurrence rate of extreme coincidence events was independent of the phenophase. Based on the total number of extreme events, the varieties did not differ in their responses to temperature extremes. Therefore, event coincidence analysis is an appropriate tool to quantify the occurrence of extreme events. The occurrence of extreme temperature events clearly affected the advancement of the timings of phenological events in various grapevines. However, there were no varietal differences in terms of response to extreme temperatures; thus, additional research is warranted to outline the best adaptation measures.
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Nenko, Nataliya, Irina Ilina, Natalia Zaporozhets, Galina Kiseleva, and Tatiana Skhalyakho. "Studying of the resistance to winter stresses of grapevine varieties of different ecological and geographical origin." BIO Web of Conferences 25 (2020): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202502015.
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In terms of climate change researches about adaptation mechanism of perennial crop plant to summer and winter stresses are actual. Physiological-biochemical assessment of grapevine varieties allows to clarify the mechanisms of protective and adaptive reaction on stresses and identify perspective genotypes for cultivation in stressful terms. Ecological and geographical origin are important in this case. Winterhardiness of following grapevine varieties: ‘Kristal’, ‘Aligote’, ‘Dostoyniy’ ‘Krasnostop AZOS’, ‘Zarif’ and ‘Vostorg’, are studied in conditions of Anapa-Taman region of the Russian Federation. At the beginning of winter reduced water content of vine tissue are noted for ‘Kristal’, ‘Krasnostop AZOS’ and ‘Dostoyniy’ (41,4-45,3 %). Also, for this varieties are found elevated accumulation of sucrose (2 times more) which means high resistance to low temperature. Intensification of antioxidative protective system’s functioning in response on stress are discovered for varieties ‘Kristal’, ‘Krasnostop AZOS’, ‘Dostoyniy’ and ‘Vostorg’. High containing of anthocyanins and chalcones in varieties ‘Kristal’, ‘Dostoyniy’, ‘Krasnostop AZOS’ and ascorbic acid in varieties ‘Krasnostop AZOS’, ‘Dostoyniy’ are revealed. According to generalized assessment of physiological-biochemical research results in conditions of climate change in Anapa-Taman region of Russia more winterhardiness were varieties ‘Krasnostop AZOS’, ‘Dostoyniy’, ‘Kristal’ than varieties ‘Aligote’, ‘Vostorg’, ‘Zarif’.
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Prikhodko, S. I., I. N. Pisareva, K. P. Kornev, G. N. Bondarenko, N. G. Valeeva, and Ya E. Radionovskaya. "Isolation protocol trials for grapevine bacteriosis (Pierce's disease) agent Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. during research monitoring of the Republic of Crimea." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2021-1-39-47.
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Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. causes grapevine bacteriosis and is among most hazardous malicious bacterial phytopathogens affecting a wide variety of important crops and ornamental plants. The agent colonises plant xylem and transmits with insects feeding on xylem sap. The insect vectors of X. fastidiosa belong to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha, families Cicadellidae, Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae and Cicadidae. A phytosanitary control survey conducted by the All-Russian Research Institute for Plant Quarantine in 2014 identified a high risk of X. fastidiosa introduction and adaptation in the Russian Federation. The Crimean Peninsula is a potential introduction area of the Pierce’s disease agent due to suitable climatic conditions, the ample availability of major host plants, as well as insect vectors. During a research monitoring in 2018-2020, the Institute assessed the phytosanitary status of the Crimean territory. The survey sampled vegetative parts of grapevines, stone fruits (peach, cherry, plum, merry, almond), selected essential-oil and ornamental shrubs and trees. Diagnostic procedures were performed in accordance with the international standards. A three-year phytosanitary survey of the Crimean plantations revealed no presence of X. fastidiosa. Two protocols of sample preparation and DNA extraction from various substrates have been tested. A real-time PCR-based protocol was proved highly specific for zero false positive and nonspecific rates.
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Malheiro, Aureliano C., Mafalda Pires, Nuno Conceição, Ana M. Claro, Lia-Tânia Dinis, and José Moutinho-Pereira. "Linking Sap Flow and Trunk Diameter Measurements to Assess Water Dynamics of Touriga-Nacional Grapevines Trained in Cordon and Guyot Systems." Agriculture 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080315.
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The present research aimed to evaluate the water dynamics of grapevines trained in Cordon and Guyot systems by coupling sap flow and trunk diameter measurements under Mediterranean climate conditions. The study was conducted in a vineyard with Touriga-Nacional located at the Douro Valley, Portugal, during 2017. The results showed daily trunk diameter fluctuations (TDFs), with the contraction, recovery and increment phases and higher sap flow (SF) rates at earlier stages. Under harsh pedoclimatic conditions, SF was reduced and TDF flattened. Rehydration and stomatal mechanisms were mostly associated with these responses. Guyot vines showed higher changes in TDF for the same SF values, whereas the TDFs of Cordon vines remained practically unchanged over maturation. Guyot vines generally showed increased values of cumulative increment and maximum daily trunk shrinkage. Although Guyot vines had a similar leaf area index (LAI), they showed higher SF/LAI ratios than Cordon vines. These results highlight the effect of the shorter length of the hydraulic pathways of the Guyot training system, in contrast to the higher trunk and the permanent horizontal branch (cordon) of the Cordon training system, indicating good adaptation to local pedoclimatic conditions. The study pointed to the complementary use of both techniques in the evaluation of grapevine water dynamics.
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Ollat, N., S. J. Cookson, A. Destrac-Irvine, V. Lauvergeat, F. Ouaked-Lecourieux, E. Marguerit, F. Barrieu, et al. "Grapevine adaptation to abiotic stress: an overview." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1248 (August 2019): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2019.1248.68.
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Batovska, Daniela, Iva Todorova, and Simeon Popov. "Seasonal variations in the leaf surface composition of field grown grapevine plants." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 74, no. 11 (2009): 1229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0911229b.
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The leaf surface is the first barrier of grapevine plants towards various environmental stressors causing damage in vineyards. For this reason, identification of leaf surface metabolites in grapevine and their putative role in plant-environment interactions is important for viticulture. In this study, the leaf surface components of 16 grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera) growing in an experimental vineyard were analyzed in two consecutive seasons - the summer and the autumn of 2007. Forty-eight individual metabolites typical of the cuticular plant wax were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). They belonged to the following groups of compounds: hydrocarbons, sterols, terpenes, free and esterified fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. The metabolic profiles of the summer and the autumn samples were statistically different (P < 0.05), which was mainly attributed to the specific insects present in the two seasons and to the adaptation of the grapevine to lower temperatures.
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Bocca, Federico Marco, Luca Picciau, Stefania Laudonia, and Alberto Alma. "Palaearctic Egg Parasitoids Interaction to Three Grapevine Exotic Pests in Northwestern Italy: A New Association Involving Metcalfa pruinosa." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090610.
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The most important exotic leafhopper pests currently affecting the Italian vineyards are the leafhoppers Scaphoideus titanus, Orientus ishidae and the planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa. Their highest population density is detected in the uncultivated areas with wild grapevines. Should these habitats be considered only a problem or a potential resource for Palearctic entomophagy of these three exotic pests? The aim of this work was to study the biotopes and biocoenosis present in the Piedmontese vineyard agroecosystem, evaluating the parasitization rate and other crucial aspects for a possible application in biological control. Several specimens of egg-parasitoid wasps were obtained from filed-collected two-year-old grapevine canes. The most prevalent one belonged to the Oligosita collina group (Trichogrammatidae) emerged only from M. pruinosa eggs with a parasitization rate of over 40%. The new association is the first report of such a high level of parasitization on the flatid planthopper. The parasitization rate mainly relied on the host egg density and the abundance of plants suitable for the oviposition. A second parasitoid generation on the overwintering eggs is discussed, as well as other hypothesis. Furthermore, the parasitization rate was higher than the one showed by the dryinid Neodryinus typhlocybae, the control agent introduced in Italy under the biological control strategy, highlighting a possible implication in this biocoenosis. We assume that the egg parasitoid adaptation may contribute to M. pruinosa control.
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Berger, Margot M. J., Vincent Lailheugue, Gergana Zhelyazova, Linda Stammitti, Virginie Lauvergeat, François Barrieu, and Philippe Gallusci. "One prep to catch them all: “2 in 1”, an efficient method for the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from Grapevine tissues." OENO One 56, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.2.5000.
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Recent advances in our understanding of plant physiology and adaptation to the environment are tightly related to the development of ‘omics’ technologies such as metabolomics, transcriptomics, genomics and epigenomics that allow a more comprehensive view of the plant functioning. In this context, the ability to extract DNA and RNA from small amounts of plant material can be a limiting factor, worse in the case of non-model plants for which efficient nucleic extraction procedures are lacking. In the case of grapevine, extraction of high-quality DNA is typically limited by the high polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents of the different tissues. Here, we propose an adaptation of the method of Reid et al. (2006) that allows the simultaneous and efficient extraction of DNA and RNA from grapevine vegetative and berry tissues from in vitro grown grapevine plants and cells and from other plants. The protocol allows the extraction of high-quality RNA and DNA for standard molecular biology methods as well as for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). It also works with a limited amount of plant material, such as young developing buds, and provides the means to analyse “omics” data from a single plant sample.
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Droulia, Fotoula, and Ioannis Charalampopoulos. "Future Climate Change Impacts on European Viticulture: A Review on Recent Scientific Advances." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040495.
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Climate change is a continuous spatiotemporal reality, possibly endangering the viability of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in the future. Europe emerges as an especially responsive area where the grapevine is largely recognised as one of the most important crops, playing a key environmental and socio-economic role. The mounting evidence on significant impacts of climate change on viticulture urges the scientific community in investigating the potential evolution of these impacts in the upcoming decades. In this review work, a first attempt for the compilation of selected scientific research on this subject, during a relatively recent time frame (2010–2020), is implemented. For this purpose, a thorough investigation through multiple search queries was conducted and further screened by focusing exclusively on the predicted productivity parameters (phenology timing, product quality and yield) and cultivation area alteration. Main findings on the potential impacts of future climate change are described as changes in grapevine phenological timing, alterations in grape and wine composition, heterogeneous effects on grapevine yield, the expansion into areas that were previously unsuitable for grapevine cultivation and significant geographical displacements in traditional growing areas. These compiled findings may facilitate and delineate the implementation of effective adaptation and mitigation strategies, ultimately potentiating the future sustainability of European viticulture.
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Travadon, Renaud, and Kendra Baumgartner. "Molecular Polymorphism and Phenotypic Diversity in the Eutypa Dieback Pathogen Eutypa lata." Phytopathology® 105, no. 2 (February 2015): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-14-0117-r.
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Pathogen adaptation to different hosts can lead to specialization and, when coupled with reproductive isolation, genome-wide differentiation and ecological speciation. We tested the hypothesis of host specialization among California populations of Eutypa lata (causal fungus of Eutypa dieback of grapevine and apricot), which is reported from >90 species. Genetic analyses of nine microsatellite loci in 182 isolates from three hosts (grapevine, apricot, and willow) at three locations were complemented by cross-inoculations on cultivated hosts grapevine and apricot to reveal patterns of host specialization. The cultivated hosts are likely more important sources of inoculum than the wild host willow, based on our findings of higher pathogen prevalence and allelic richness in grapevine and apricot. High levels of gene flow among all three hosts and locations, and no grouping by clustering analyses, suggest neither host nor geographic differentiation. Cross-inoculations revealed diversified phenotypes harboring various performance levels in grapevine and apricot, with no apparent correlation with their host of origin. Such phenotypic diversity may enable this pathogen to persist and reproduce as a generalist. Regular genetic reshuffling through sexual recombination, frequent immigration among hosts, and the lack of habitat choice in this passively dispersed fungus may prevent fixation of alleles controlling host specialization.
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Resco, Pablo, Ana Iglesias, Isabel Bardají, and Vicente Sotés. "Exploring adaptation choices for grapevine regions in Spain." Regional Environmental Change 16, no. 4 (May 24, 2015): 979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0811-4.
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Gonçalves, E., A. Graça, and and A. Martins. "Grapevine clonal selection in Portugal: A different approach." BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191201003.
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The methodology for selection of an ancient grapevine variety conducted by PORVID (Portuguese Association for Grapevine Diversity) and the Portuguese Network for Grapevine Selection, focuses on quantitative genetic tools resulting in an integrated strategy that comprises two types of selected material – clonal and polyclonal – both carrying high genetic and economic gains for relevant agronomic and oenological traits. This work focused on the clonal selection methodology, particularly on the model for communication with users of selected materials (grape growers and winemakers). The approach is innovative, since detailed information of the whole experimental process leading to certified clones is provided, including predicted genetic gains for several traits and information about the clone's environmental stability (G × E interaction). This last analysis, combined with the utilisation of several certified clones (approximately 7), contributes to a better adaptation to environmental changes.
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Fraga, Helder, Iñaki García de Cortázar Atauri, Aureliano C. Malheiro, José Moutinho-Pereira, and João A. Santos. "Viticulture in Portugal: A review of recent trends and climate change projections." OENO One 51, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2016.0.0.1621.
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<p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim:</strong> The winemaking sector in Portugal is of major socio-economic relevance, significantly contributing to the national exports and sustaining many wine-related activities, including oenotourism. Portuguese viticultural regions present a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions with remarkable regional specificities, thus contributing to the individuality of their wines. Owing to the strong influence of climate and weather factors on grapevines, climate change may drive significant impacts on Portuguese viticulture.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results:</strong> Climatic projections for the next decades in Portugal highlight an overall warming and drying trend of the grapevine growing season, potentially resulting in modifications in phenology, growth, development, yields and eventually wine characteristics and typicity. Furthermore, the current viticultural suitability of each region is projected to undergo significant changes, suggesting a reshaping of the optimal conditions for viticulture throughout the country. In order to sustain high quality levels and affordable yield regularity, cost-effective, appropriate and timely adaptation measures must be implemented by the sector.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The most recent scientific studies covering the potential impacts of climate change on Portuguese viticulture are herein presented.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study:</strong> Possible adaptation measures against these threats are also discussed, foreseeing their integration into decision support systems by stakeholders and decision-makers.</p>
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Tzortzakis, Nikolaos, Antonios Chrysargyris, and Aziz Aziz. "Adaptive Response of a Native Mediterranean Grapevine Cultivar Upon Short-Term Exposure to Drought and Heat Stress in the Context of Climate Change." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020249.
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The impact of climate change on viticulture is of major importance. Several international and indigenous grapevine cultivars have been examined for their adaptive performance to drought and heat stresses. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not well known. In the present study we examined the short-term effects of light and moderate drought stress (DS) as well as heat stress (HS) on physiological and biochemical attributes in two grapevine cultivars: Chardonnay (international) and Xynisteri, an indigenous adapted to the specific Cypriot microclimate. Xynisteri plants exhibited decreasing leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate as well as increasing total phenols and antioxidant capacity under DS conditions. These reactions were concomitant to a rapid accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in leaves, associated to an increase of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity. However, Chardonnay plants did not exhibit the same responses as Xynisteri against DS (i.e., stomatal closure, total phenolics and antioxidants) over the first four days. Additionally, Chardonnay showed leaf damage with increased lipid peroxidation levels and activation of catalase and peroxidase. Interestingly, HS increased leaf stomatal conductance and decreased total phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in Chardonnay after 20 d of stress. In both cultivars, HS had milder effects compared to DS, and again Xynisteri showed better performance than Chardonnay in terms of damage index and antioxidative activities. Overall, Xynisteri adaptation to DS and HS was higher than that of Chardonnay, and both cultivars reacted more to the short-term DS than to HS. Although the Xynisteri performances under stress conditions provide an important resource for adaptation to stressful conditions, the impacts on earliness, yield and grape quality remain to be explored.
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Palchetti, C., Bernardo Gozzini, Francesco Miglietta, and Simone Orlandini. "The effect of training system and cultivar on the rate of leaf appearance of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)." OENO One 29, no. 2 (June 30, 1995): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1995.29.2.1130.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The rate of leaf appearance was compared in two grapevine (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.) varieties (Sangiovese and Cabernet-Sauvignon) and in three different short pruning training systems (traditional cordon, single curtain and vertical cordon pruned). Results showed that there was no significant effect of training systems on leaf appearance. There was instead a significant effect of cultivar that suggested a different adaptive response of cultivars to climates they were selected for. A recently published simulation model of leaf appearance in grapevine was used to interpretate these differences.</p>
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Tessitori, Matilde, Rosa La Rosa, and Cristina Marzachì. "Flavescence Dorée and Bois Noir Diseases of Grapevine Are Evolving Pathosystems." Plant Health Progress 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-10-17-0057-mr.
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Grapevine yellows (GYs) are mainly spread in European viticultural areas. Phytosanitary measures worldwide are based on data obtained on classical pathosystems, but the latest findings suggest that the epidemiological pattern of these diseases is evolving and adapting to different ecological conditions. Risk assessment of introduction in GY-free areas has to be reconsidered in view of the broadening of the range of pathways of entry and means of diffusion in the field. The purpose of this review is to make available an update on findings of recent years to provide useful tools to prevent further spread of these serious diseases of grapevine.
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Catalano, Caterina, Loredana Abbate, Antonio Motisi, Dalila Crucitti, Vincenzo Cangelosi, Antonino Pisciotta, Rosario Di Lorenzo, Francesco Carimi, and Angela Carra. "Autotetraploid Emergence via Somatic Embryogenesis in Vitis vinifera Induces Marked Morphological Changes in Shoots, Mature Leaves, and Stomata." Cells 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061336.
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Polyploidy plays an important role in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Alterations of the ploidy in grapevine plants regenerated via somatic embryogenesis (SE) may provide a source of genetic variability useful for the improvement of agronomic characteristics of crops. In the grapevine, the SE induction process may cause ploidy changes without alterations in DNA profile. In the present research, tetraploid plants were observed for 9.3% of ‘Frappato’ grapevine somatic embryos regenerated in medium supplemented with the growth regulators β-naphthoxyacetic acid (10 µM) and N6-benzylaminopurine (4.4 µM). Autotetraploid plants regenerated via SE without detectable changes in the DNA profiles were transferred in field conditions to analyze the effect of polyploidization. Different ploidy levels induced several anatomical and morphological changes of the shoots and mature leaves. Alterations have been also observed in stomata. The length and width of stomata of tetraploid leaves were 39.9 and 18.6% higher than diploids, respectively. The chloroplast number per guard cell pair was higher (5.2%) in tetraploid leaves. On the contrary, the stomatal index was markedly decreased (12%) in tetraploid leaves. The observed morphological alterations might be useful traits for breeding of grapevine varieties in a changing environment.
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Antolín, María Carmen, Eduardo Salinas, Ana Fernández, Yolanda Gogorcena, Inmaculada Pascual, Juan José Irigoyen, and Nieves Goicoechea. "Prospecting the Resilience of Several Spanish Ancient Varieties of Red Grape under Climate Change Scenarios." Plants 11, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 2929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212929.
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Background: Climate change results in warmer air temperatures and an uncertain amount and distribution of annual precipitations, which will directly impact rainfed crops, such as the grapevine. Traditionally, ancient autochthones grapevine varieties have been substituted by modern ones with higher productivity. However, this homogenization of genotypes reduces the genetic diversity of vineyards which could make their ability to adapt to challenges imposed by future climate conditions difficult. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the response of four ancient grapevine varieties to high temperatures under different water availabilities, focusing on plant water relations, grape technological and phenolic maturity, and the antioxidant capacity of the must. Methods: The study was conducted on fruit-bearing cuttings grown in pots in temperature-gradient greenhouses. A two-factorial design was established where two temperature regimes, ambient and elevated (ambient + 4 °C), were combined with two water regimes, full irrigation and post-veraison deficit irrigation, during fruit ripening. Results: There were significant differences among the ancient varieties regarding plant water relations and fruit quality. Conclusion: This research underlines the importance of evaluating the behavior of ancient grapevine varieties that could offer good options for the adaptation of viticulture to future climate conditions.
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Aleynova, Olga A., Konstantin V. Kiselev, Zlata V. Ogneva, and Alexandra S. Dubrovina. "The Grapevine Calmodulin-Like Protein Gene CML21 Is Regulated by Alternative Splicing and Involved in Abiotic Stress Response." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 7939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217939.
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Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) represent a large family of plant calcium sensor proteins involved in the regulation of plant responses to environmental cues and developmental processes. In the present work, we identified four alternatively spliced mRNA forms of the grapevine CML21 gene that encoded proteins with distinct N-terminal regions. We studied the transcript abundance of CML21v1, CML21v2, CML21v3, and CML21v4 in wild-growing grapevine Vitis amurensis Rupr. in response to desiccation, heat, cold, high salinity, and high mannitol stress using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The levels of all four splice variants of VaCML21 were highly induced in response to cold stress. In addition, VaCML21v1 and VaCML21v2 forms were highly modulated by all other abiotic stress treatments. Constitutive expression of VaCML21v2 and VaCML21v4 improved biomass accumulation of V. amurensis callus cell cultures under prolonged low temperature stress. Heterologous expression of the grapevine CML21v2 and VaCML21v4 splice variants in Arabidopsis improved survival rates of the transgenic plants after freezing. The VaCML21v2 overexpression enhanced activation of the cold stress-responsive marker genes AtDREB1A and AtDREB2A, while VaCML21v4 overexpression—AtCOR47, AtRD29A, AtRD29B, and AtKIN1 genes after freezing stress in the transgenic Arabidopsis. The results indicate that the grapevine CML21 gene acts as a positive regulator in the plant response to cold stress. The detected variety of CML21 transcripts and their distinct transcriptional responses suggested that this expansion of mRNA variants could contribute to the diversity of grapevine adaptive reactions.
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Weidner, Stanisław, Monika Karolak, Magdalena Karamać, and Ryszard Amarowicz. "Phenolic compounds and properties of antioxidants in grapevine roots (Vitis vinifera L.) under drought stress followed by recovery." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 78, no. 2 (2011): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2009.013.
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Grapevine seedlings<em> Vitis vinifera</em> were grown in a greenhouse under optimum conditions (soil moisture ca 70%) and under drought stress (soil moisture ca 35%). In addition, some of the plants subjected to drought underwent subsequent regeneration under optimum conditions. Drought stress caused accumulation of total phenolic compounds in grapevine roots, which may indicate that these compounds play an important role in the adaptation of roots to growth under stress conditions. Phenolic acids found in the roots occurred in the ester-bound form only. p-coumaric acid was present in the highest concentrations (6.2 to 10.5 µg/g fresh matter). The content of ferulic acid was lower, ranging from 2.4 to 4.6 µg/g fresh matter. The lowest concentration in grapevine roots was achieved by caffeic acid (2.4 to 2.9 µg/g fresh matter). The levels of p-coumaric and ferulic acids in roots rose significantly under the drought stress, while the concentration of caffeic acid increased during the post-drought recovery period. This may suggest that some of the phenolic acids protect plants under stress conditions. All the extracts from grapevine roots had antioxidative properties, but the antiradical activity of the extracts obtained from roots subjected to drought stress was inferior to the control. The same extracts were also characterised by depressed reducing power. The results imply that tolerance of grapevine to soil drought may be associated with the value of antioxidative potential in root tissues of these plants.
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Dortzbach, Denilson, Arcangelo Loss, Marcos Gervasio Pereira, Ludmila Machado, and Lúcia Helena Anjos. "Adaptation of the land agricultural suitability evaluation system to high-altitude vineyards." Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas 36, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/rcia.193602.118.
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Adequate information on agricultural land suitability for viticulture are important for the expansion of the activity in wine producing regions, as the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. This information contributes to improve the efficiency of evaluations, with the inclusion of different management levels for the crop and redefinition of limiting levels of agricultural land conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to adapt the Land Agricultural Suitability Evaluation System (LASES) to grapevine crops grown in high-altitude regions in Santa Catarina. The LASES was modified based on the crop demands and managements, proposing the incorporation, removal, adjust and update of parameters used in the LASES. The limiting factors considered were topography, fertility, water excess or oxygen deficiency, susceptibility to erosion, impediments to meccanization, and soil effective depth. These traits were based on data of bibliographic surveys and five limiting levels were attributed to them: null, mild, moderate, strong, and very strong. Agricultural suitability classes like good, regular, restrictive and inapt resulted from the interaction between agricultural conditions and management levels of viticulture producers, and later, a suitability guide table was developed. The adaptation of the LASES to grapevine crops grown in high-altitude conditions in Santa Catarina incorporate and adjust local aspects that are important for the grapevine production system. Thus, it is an important tool for decision making when implementing new vineyards and contributes to a possible increase of this activity in the region.
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Maciejczak, Mariusz. "INNOVATIONS INVITICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN POLAND UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1179.
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The paper aims to identify factors under climate change conditions that could impact innovativeness in grapevine growing in Poland. It is shown that today the viticulture cultivation in Poland is of little economic significance. However, based on primary data applied to econometric model, it is argued that driven by climate changes as well as due to other factors, grapevine growing might become a significant branch of agriculture. The estimates of the model, although randomized, suggest that there is a significant probability that in Polish viticultural farms adaptation measures applied as a respond to these factors will result with implementation of innovations and through overall development.
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Verdenal, Thibaut, Ágnes Dienes-Nagy, Jorge E. Spangenberg, Vivian Zufferey, Jean-Laurent Spring, Olivier Viret, Johanna Marin-Carbonne, and Cornelis Van Leeuwen. "Understanding and managing nitrogen nutrition in grapevine: a review." OENO One 55, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.1.3866.
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This review addresses the role of nitrogen (N) in vine balance and grape composition. It offers an integrative approach to managing grapevine N nutrition. Keeping in mind that N excess is just as detrimental to wine quality as N depletion, the control of grapevine N status, and ultimately must N composition, is critical for high-quality grape production. N fertilisation has been intensively used in the past century, despite plants absorbing only 30 to 40 % of applied N. By adapting plant material, soil management and vine balance to environmental conditions, it would be possible for grape growers to improve plant N use efficiency and minimise N input in the vineyard. Vineyard N management is a complex exercise involving a search for a balance between controlling vigour, optimising grape composition, regulating production costs and limiting pollution. The first part of this review describes grapevine N metabolism from root N uptake to vine development and grape ripening, including the formation of grape aroma compounds. The advantages and limits of methods available for measuring plant N status are addressed. The second part focuses on the parameters that influence grapevine N metabolism, distinguishing the impacts of environmental factors from those of vineyard management practices. Areas for further research are also identified.
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Duchêne, E., F. Huard, V. Dumas, C. Schneider, and D. Merdinoglu. "The challenge of adapting grapevine varieties to climate change." Climate Research 41, no. 3 (May 4, 2010): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr00850.
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Valeriy, Semionovich, Yurievna Galina, Pavlovna Tatiana, Ivanovna Nataliya, and Alexandrovna Mariya. "Агробиологические, физиолого-биохимические и технологические особенности винограда сорта Рислинг рейнский в условиях изменяющегося климата юга России." Magarach. Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie, no. 3(109) part: 21 (September 18, 2019): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35547/im.2019.21.3.004.
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Аномальное проявление абиотических стрессоров умеренно континентального климата юга России сопровождается низкой конкурентоспособностью продукции виноградарства на потребительском рынке. В этих условиях актуальным является создание устойчивых ампелоценозов путем вовлечения сортов адаптивных к аномальным природным явлениям. Цель исследований - установление агробиологических и физиолого-биохимических особенностей винограда сорта Рислинг рейнский для создания адаптивной сорториентированной технологии его устойчивого возделывания в стрессовых экологических условиях. В Черноморской зоне виноградарства (г. Анапа), распускание почек отмечалось 22 апреля при температуре воздуха 12,6°С. Наиболее активный рост побегов отмечали в первой половине июня, 2,61 см/сут. Наибольшая скорость роста побегов наблюдалась при температуре 23°С. Максимальная скорость роста была в зоне 4-9 междоузлий. Наибольшая длина побегов, 155 см, зафиксирована на участке с шириной междурядий 3 м. Самые крупные листья, до 140 см, были в зоне наиболее активного роста побегов, на 4-6 узлах. Ростовые процессы листьев и плодоношение винограда находилось в тесной зависимости от плотности и схемы размещения кустов в насаждениях. В активной зоне побегов формировались наиболее крупные грозди. Наибольшая урожайность винограда была в среднеплотных насаждениях при размещении кустов по схеме 3,0 х 1,0 и 3,0 х 1,5 м - 12 т/га. Дифференцированный отклик сорта на природные и антропогенные факторы согласуется с результатами физиолого-биохимических показателей фотосинтеза, коэффициента эффективности первичных процессов фотосинтеза, соотношения хлорофиллы/каратиноиды и содержания крахмала в листьях винограда. При повышенной инсоляции и остром дефиците атмосферных осадков, отмечалась общая тенденция снижения содержания хлорофиллов в листьях винограда. Максимальные значения этого показателя наблюдались в первой половине июня. В динамике во всех вариантах опыта наблюдалось увеличение крахмала в листьях винограда до середины июля. В дальнейшем количество крахмала постепенно снижалось. Применение сорт-ориентированной технологии со средней плотностью размещения кустов 2222 шт./га по схеме 3,0 х 1,5 м, обрезка побегов на 10 глазков, нагрузка побегами 23 шт./куст и гроздями 53 шт./куст обеспечивали наибольший уровень реализации фотосинтетического и продукционного потенциалов винограда. Урожайность в таких насаждениях была наибольшей и составляла в среднем 12 т/га.The abnormal manifestation of abiotic stressors of the moderately continental climate of the South of Russia is accompanied by low competitiveness of the viticultural products on the consumer market. In this context, establishment of sustainable ampelocenoses through the involvement of cultivars adaptive to abnormal natural phenomena is of interest at this time. The aim of the study was to establish agro-biological, physiological and biochemical peculiarities of ‘Riesling of the Rhine’ grapevine in order to create an adaptive variety oriented technology for its sustainable cultivation under stressful environmental conditions. The bud break in the Black sea viticultural zone (Anapa) was observed on April 22 with air temperature at 12.6 °C. The most active shoot growth was noted in the first half of June, 2.61 cm/day. The most intensive shoot growth was observed at a temperature of 23 °C. The maximum growth rate was in the zone of 4 - 9 internodes. The greatest shoot length, 155 cm, was observed at the plot with the row width of 3 m. The largest leaves, up to 140 cm, were observed in the area of most active shoot growth between the 4 - 6 nodes. The leaf growth processes and grapevine fertility depended closely on vine spacing and bush placement scheme. The largest bunches developed in the active shoot zone. The highest yield was obtained in the medium-density vineyards with the bush planting scheme of 3.0х1.0 and 3.0х1.5 m, where the harvest made 12 t/ha. The differentiated response of a cultivar to natural and anthropogenic factors was consistent with the results of the physiological and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis, the efficiency coefficient of the photosynthesis primary processes, the ratio between chlorophylls and carotenoids and starch content in the leaves of grapes. High insolation combined with acute deficit of atmospheric precipitation resulted in the general reduction of the chlorophyll content in the leaves of grapevines. These indicator maximum values were observed in the first half of June. During all the trial variants there was an increase in the starch content in the leaves of grapevines that lasted until mid-July. Subsequently, the starch content gradually decreased. Application of variety-oriented technology with an average vine spacing 2222 pcs./ha, planting pattern 3.0х1.5 m, shoot pruning at 10 eyes, shoot load of 23 pcs./bush and clusters 53 pcs./bush ensured the highest release of grapevine photosynthetic and production potential. Such vineyards produced the highest yields, which on average made 12 t/ha.
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Doroshenko, Natalia, Valentina Puzirnova, and Leonid Troshin. "Optimization of grapevine clonal micropropagation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/2/022109.
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Abstract Clonal micro-propagation ensures the production of genetically homogeneous, healthy virus-free planting material. This kind of propagation is influenced by genetic, physiological, hormonal, physical factors, and plant genotype. To increase the success of the process, it is necessary to optimize the methods of clonal micropropagation. The technology of clonal micropropagation of grapevine using a culture of apical meristems with a size of 0.1-0.2 mm was developed, the scheme of plant regeneration was improved, a new biotechnological techniques were developed for all stages of propagation. A method of processing of meristems with an ultrahigh frequency (microwave) electromagnetic field (EMF) in combination with a narrow-band laser was developed. Method for improving recovery from viral and bacterial infections using the growth regulator Emistim, Salicylic acid, the antibiotics Gentamicin and Cefotaxime was found. A method of water therapy was developed. The optimal parameters of intensity and duration of illumination were established. Ways of adaptation of healthy plants to non-sterile environmental conditions were optimised. Methods of testing of viral infection was improved. Techniques of planting healthy seedlings in film, greenhouses and open ground were developed. The creation of unique basic vine nursery in Ust-Donetsk region was the result of conducted studies.
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van Houten, Silvina, Claudio Muñoz, Laura Bree, Daniel Bergamín, Cristobal Sola, and Diego Lijavetzky. "Natural Genetic Variation for Grapevine Phenology as a Tool for Climate Change Adaptation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 5573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165573.
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Grapevine phenology is being modified by climate change, particularly by the increase of temperatures that affect grape attributes for wine production. Besides the existing oenological and viticultural approaches, the thorough exploration of the current intra-cultivar genetic variability to select late-ripening genotypes emerges as an interesting alternative. In the present work, we have analyzed the natural genetic variation for phenology and agronomic traits among 21 ‘Malbec’ clones and we demonstrated that fruiting cuttings are a useful tool for the analysis of such variation in ‘Malbec’. Several clones could be distinguished by agronomic traits like berry number or cluster weight, and mainly by phenology characteristics like the length of the phase between flowering and veraison, which reached more than 16 days between early and late clones. These results support the approach of exploring grapevine clone collections in searching for genotypes with delayed phenology, and thus with the potential to maintain some expected quality characteristics under warm conditions.
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Beis, Alexandros, and Angelos Patakas. "Differences in stomatal responses and root to shoot signalling between two grapevine varieties subjected to drought." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 2 (2010): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09034.
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A comparative study on stomatal control between two grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L. cvs Sabatiano and Mavrodafni) differing in their ability for drought adaptation was conducted using 3-year-old own-rooted plants. The plants were subjected to prolonged drought stress by withholding irrigation water. The relationship between predawn water potential and maximum stomatal conductance indicated significant differences in stomatal sensitivity to drought between the two varieties. Stomatal closure occurred at higher values of predawn water potential in Sabatiano compared with Mavrodafni. No significant differences were found in plant hydraulic conductance and osmotic potential at full turgor (π100) between the two varieties. Leaf and root ABA concentrations increased more rapidly in Mavrodafni compared with Sabatiano at the beginning of the drought period. Furthermore, Mavrodafni also exhibited significantly higher xylem pH values as well as higher stomatal sensitivity to ABA and pH increase compared with Sabatiano. Results suggest that these two grapevine varieties might have evolved different strategies in order to adapt under drought conditions. In particular, the greater ability for drought adaptation in Sabatiano might be attributed to the more efficient regulation of stomatal closure. In contrast, chemical signalling in Mavrodafni seems to be the main mechanism for drought adaptation.
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Brunori, Elena, Alessandra Bernardini, Federico Valerio Moresi, Fabio Attorre, and Rita Biasi. "Ecophysiological Response of Vitis vinifera L. in an Urban Agrosystem: Preliminary Assessment of Genetic Variability." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223026.
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Urban agriculture is an emerging challenge. Identifying suitable agrosystems that allow for the multiple functions of urban agriculture represents a key issue for the reinforcement of the agricultural matrix in cities, with the aims of counteracting and adapting to climate change and providing economic and social benefits. This study aims to produce a preliminary assessment of the adaptability of Italian native and non-native Vitis vinifera L. cultivars to the stressors of an urban environment. The investigation was carried out on the grapevine collection of the Botanical Garden of Rome (“Vigneto Italia”). A total of 15 grapevine varieties were selected for the evaluation of leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll fluorescence under abiotic conditions during the growing season of 2021. Spectral signatures were collected from mature leaves, and several vegetation indices (LWI, MCARI, and WBI) were calculated. Our preliminary results highlighted differences in the behavior of the grapevine cultivars. The native ones showed a medium-high level for leaf chlorophyll content (greater than 350 mol m−2), good photosynthetic efficiency (QY > 0.75), and optimal stomatal behavior under drought stress (200 > gs > 50 mmol H2O m−2 s−1). The data allowed for the classification of the tested genotypes based on their site-specific resistance and resilience to urban environmental conditions. The grapevine proved to be a biological system that is highly sensitive to climate variables, yet highly adaptable to limiting growing factors.
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Santos, João A., Ricardo Costa, and Helder Fraga. "Climate change impacts on thermal growing conditions of Portuguese grapevine varieties." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001030.
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Heat accumulation conditions of a collection of 44 grapevine cultivars currently grown in Portugal are assessed at very high spatial resolution (~1 km) and for 1981–2015. A Growing Degree Hours – GDH (February–October) index is used for this purpose. Three clusters of grapevine cultivars are identified, assembling varieties with close heat accumulation requirements (early, intermediate and late ripening). These clusters provide more physiologically consistent information when compared to previous studies, as non-linear plant-temperature relationships are herein taken into account. For the future climates in Portugal, ensemble mean projections under two anthropogenic-driven scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, 2041–2070), from four EURO-CORDEX simulations, reveal a widespread increase of GDH, but with spatial heterogeneities. The spatial variability throughout Portugal is projected to decrease in GDH, with strongest increases in the coolest regions of the northeast. The typical heat accumulation conditions of each cluster are projected to gradually shift north-eastwards and to higher-elevation areas. An unprecedented level of detail for a large collection of grapevine varieties in Portugal is provided, which may promote a better planning of climate change adaptation measures in Portuguese viticulture.
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Palliotti, Alberto, Oriana Silvestroni, Despoina Petoumenou, Silvia Vignaroli, and Julian Garcia Berrios. "Evaluation of low-energy demand adaptive mechanisms in Sangiovese grapevine during drought." OENO One 42, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2008.42.1.832.
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the photoinhibition capability, CO2 fixation activity and some adaptive mechanisms external to the photosystem II reaction centres in Sangiovese grapevine subjected to drought conditions.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: The diurnal time courses of gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were monitored on free (natural position) and artificially retained (horizontal) leaves in Sangiovese potted vines maintained at 90 % and 40 % of maximum water availability from fruit-set to veraison. Changes in leaf and shoots characteristics were also monitored. Under drought, the inhibition of photosystem II in Sangiovese leaves may be severe and persistent according to leaf position (basal leaves with chlorosis and necrosis) and ability to avoid direct light (medial leaves with a more vertical position followed by lower temperatures and higher CO2 fixation capability and water use efficiency during the hottest hours of the day).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: In the Sangiovese leaves developed under drought, the protective effect of increasing leaf angle with a more vertical position and the energy costs saved by reducing photosynthetic pigments formation, changing leaf optical properties, diminishing xylem and shoot growth and leaf area development and limiting down-regulation of photoassimilation help maintain high physiological efficiency in all the distal leaves. Significance and impact of study: The results indicate that cultivar Sangiovese exhibit high adaptation to dry conditions.</p>
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Mosedale, Jonathan R., Kirsten E. Abernethy, Richard E. Smart, Robert J. Wilson, and Ilya M. D. Maclean. "Climate change impacts and adaptive strategies: lessons from the grapevine." Global Change Biology 22, no. 11 (July 30, 2016): 3814–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13406.
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Fraga, H., J. A. Santos, A. C. Malheiro, A. A. Oliveira, J. Moutinho-Pereira, and G. V. Jones. "Climatic suitability of Portuguese grapevine varieties and climate change adaptation." International Journal of Climatology 36, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4325.
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