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1
Sopon, Anek, Ekthida Thongdet, Porntep Punnarak, and Sucharat Suksai. "The Potential of Sea Grapes (Caulerpa Lentilifera) Extracted Polysaccharide as Prebiotics on Inhibiting Pathogenic Bacteria Vibrio Parahaemolyticus." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 11, no. 12 (2020): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2020.11.12.1309.
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Sea grapes or green cavier (Caulerpa lentilifera), a common tropical green seaweed, consisted of polysaccharides to be used as a prebiotic precursor for prevention of pathogens in aquatic animals. The efficiency of polysaccharides extracted from sea grapes for prebiotic properties was conducted by comparing the growth of probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis at different concentrations in co-cultured with pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a gram-negative motile bacterium that inhabits marine and estuarine environments throughout the world, causes of violent diseases outbreak in aquatic animals. The experimental research was 4 treatments with 4 replications including control group (LB broth), extracted sea grape enrichment in LB broth at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.7 mg.C/l. The result showed that the highest growth of probiotic bacteria appeared significantly at extracted sea grape in LB broth with 0.5 mg.C/l (1.64×107 ± 6.04×106 cfu/ml). The said concentration was used as benchmark to clarify the pathogenic resistance. The comparison between monoculture of probiotic bacteria and co-culture of probiotic bacteria plus pathogenic bacteria indicated that there was non significantly different in growth of the bacterias. Hence extracted polysaccharides from sea graps (C. lentilifera) had potential to be utilized not only as a growth enrichment of probiotic bacteria but also inhibiting pathogenic bacteria.
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Susin, Eliane, Wendel Paulo Silvestre, and Carine Cocco. "Effect of the application of abscisic acid and ethephon on the quality of Merlot grapes grown in Serra Gaúcha, South Brazil." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 16 (December 11, 2022): e370111638513. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.38513.
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Currently, viticulture is using plant growth regulators as an alternative to increasing grape and must quality for vinification. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of abscisic acid and ethephon on the quality of Merlot grapes. The plant growth regulators were applied isolated and combined, on the stages of veraison and 15 days before harvest (DBH). The parameters of mass and berry diameter, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, must pH, phenolic compounds, and total anthocyanin contents. The results showed that the application of ethephon at the dose of 200 mg∙L-1 on veraison caused an earlier bunch threshing, an increased berry peel sensibility, and rupture ripening grapes, in both productive cycles. The use of abscisic acid at the dose of 600 mg∙L-1 helped increase the soluble solids content of the grapes, however, a strong influence of the climatic conditions was observed on the effect of the plant growth regulations on Merlot grapes.
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TERRA, MICHELLE F., NATHASHA de A. LIRA, FABIANA R. F. PASSAMANI, WILDER DOUGLAS SANTIAGO, MARIA das GRAÇAS CARDOSO, and LUÍS ROBERTO BATISTA. "Effect of Fungicides on Growth and Ochratoxin A Production by Aspergillus carbonarius from Brazilian Wine Grapes." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 1508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-037.
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ABSTRACT Prevention in the field of mycotoxin-producing fungi is the most effective strategy for controlling the presence of mycotoxins in foods. Chemical fungicides are widely used to protect crops, so their implications on mycotoxin production need to be considered. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect in vitro and on grapes of five fungicides commonly used on grape cultures in Brazil on Aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production. At the doses recommended by manufacturers, most fungicides significantly reduced A. carbonarius growth and OTA production in vitro, whereas this effect was influenced by the type of fungicide, dose, and temperature. Temperature was the main factor that influenced the effectiveness of fungicides. In general, at 15°C, fungicides showed the greatest reduction on fungal growth and OTA production. Fungicide effect on grapes was different to that on a semisynthetic grape medium. All fungicide doses were not effective at controlling A. carbonarius in grapes. Thus, the direct effect of fungicides on grapes must be studied to obtain a better approximation of field conditions. The results indicate that the use of fungicides at the doses recommended by manufacturers is better than the application at low doses. This study showed that at the lowest doses, where fungal growth is not inhibited, fungicides positively stimulate OTA production.
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Gorbunov, I., Aleksey Luk'yanov, and Stanislav Mihaylovskiy. "Ecological conditions of growth and variability of the main morpho-biological indicators of wild forms of Kuban grapes." Agrarian Bulletin of the 213, no. 10 (November 26, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-213-10-21-30.
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Abstract. The purpose of this scientific work was to find and study the diversity of wild grapes as future promising sources of breeding and valuable traits on the example of the territory of the natural reserve “Krasnyy les”. Scientific novelty. Analysis of modern scientific literature on the study of the biodiversity of the Vitaceae Juss family. He showed that there is practically no scientific information on the Kuban wild forms and autochthons of grapes. This article is the beginning of a new large research work on the study of wild grapes of Kuban, studied in the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, in particular, in the state nature reserve “Krasnyy les”. Methods. The following methods were used: route-reconnaissance (during expeditions), traditional geobotanical and ampelographic, analytical. Results. 5 isolated populations of wild grapes were found on the territory of the natural reserve “Krasnyy les”. These forms were first studied and described according to the ecological and geographical conditions of growth and morphological features of the vegetative and generative spheres of grape plants. Significant variability of some indicators was revealed, for example: the openness of the crown of a young shoot and its degree of spider pubescence, the degree of bristly and spider pubescence of the underside of the formed leaf, the shape and corrugation of the leaf blade, etc. At the same time, the clusters of the studied wild forms of grapes are small, loose; the berries are also small, mostly black in color with a sweet tart taste. The presence of damage by pests and diseases is not visually detected. These isolated grape populations may hypothetically belong to Vitis vinifera ssp. Silvestris Gmel. or its varieties var. Tipica Negr. (wild forest grapes). Samples were taken for further genetic analysis in order to confirm or refute the above hypothesis. This study was conducted within the framework of the RFBR grant project (Contract No. 19-416-230025). Practical significance. The studied wild-growing forms of grapes can be used as promising sources of economically valuable breeding traits in the creation of new varieties, hybrid or clonal forms of grapes that are resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors.
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Wang, Ying, Tingting Xue, Xing Han, Lingxiao Guan, Liang Zhang, Hua Wang, and Hua Li. "Kaolin Particle Film Affects Grapevine Berry Quality in cv. Meili in Humid Climate Conditions." HortScience 55, no. 12 (December 2020): 1987–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15364-20.
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Kaolin particle film (KPF) is an aqueous formulation of chemically inert mineral particles that can be sprayed on the surface of crops to form a protective film, resulting in increased fruit yield and quality. In this work, the effects of kaolin-based, foliar reflectant particle film on grape composition and volatile compounds in ‘Meili’ (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes were investigated under different growth stages over two growing seasons. The 100-berry weight and titratable acid content were decreased, and the sugar and soluble solid contents were increased in grapes of plants treated with kaolin over 2 years. Compared with grapes from plants not sprayed with kaolin, the levels of total phenol, flavonoid, flavanol, tannin, and anthocyanins of grapes from plants treated with kaolin for 2 years were mostly increased. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis also revealed an increased content of monomeric anthocyanin and changed anthocyanin composition. However, there was little effect on the volatile compounds in the grapes. These results demonstrate that KPF can facilitate the accumulation of sugar and phenolics, thereby improving grape quality even in a humid climate.
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Tikhomirova, N. A., M. R. Beibulatov, N. A. Urdenko, and R. A. Buival. "ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TABLE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES’ CULTIVATION." Russian Vine 14 (December 25, 2020): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32904/2712-8245-2020-14-85-89.
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The economic efficiency of the cultivation of grapes as a branch of agriculture depends on the adaptation of grape varieties to the soil and climatic conditions of the place of growth. When developing new agricultural practices and technological solutions for the cultivation of grapes, it is necessary to assess the econom-ic efficiency of the proposed innovative ap-proaches. The cultivation of such grape varie-ties is becoming important and relevant, which, with high productivity and the use of differen-tiated care technology, require minimal costs when servicing the bushes and harvesting. In-creasing labor productivity in the viticulture industry is the most important condition for the intensive development of production. One of these conditions today is the formation of a bush according to the technology element, the shape of a bush AZOS-1, which allows to re-duce the cost of care and harvesting of grapes. The conducted research on the technology of cultivation of table grape varieties in connec-tion with the use of a new form of bush made it possible to economically substantiate the economic efficiency of growing grapes.
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Templalexis, Charalampos, Paola Giorni, Diamanto Lentzou, Sabrina Mesisca, Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis, Paola Battilani, and Georgios Xanthopoulos. "Environmental Conditions Affecting Ochratoxin A During Solar Drying of Grapes: The Case of Tunnel and Open Air-Drying." Toxins 13, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060400.
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Drying optimization, to mitigate fungal growth and Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination is a key topic for raisin and currant production. Specific indicators of environmental conditions and drying properties were analyzed using two seedless grape varieties (Crimson—red and Thompson—white), artificially inoculated with Aspergillus carbonarius under open air and tunnel drying. The air temperature (T), relative humidity, grape surface temperature (Ts) and water activity throughout the drying experiment, the grapes’ moisture content and the fungal colonization and OTA contamination during the drying process and their interactions were recorded and critically analyzed. Drying properties such as the water diffusivity (Deff) and peel resistance to water transfer were estimated. The grapes Ts was 5–7 °C higher in tunnel vs. open air–drying; the infected grapes had higher maximum Ts vs. the control (around 4–6°C). OTA contamination was higher in tunnel vs. open air–dried grapes, but fungal colonies showed the opposite trend. The Deff was higher in tunnel than in the open air–drying by 54%; the infected grapes had more than 70% higher Deff than the control, differences explained by factors affecting the water transport. This study highlighted CFU and OTA indicators that affect the water availability between red and white grapes during open air and tunnel drying, estimated by the Deff and peel resistance. This raises new issues for future research.
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Sudjarwo, Gogol, Suyadi Suyadi, Aminudin Afandhi, and Hagus Tarno. "Strategy for Managing the Potential for the Development of Environmentally Friendly Superior Grapes Products in the Probolinggo City." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 12 (January 3, 2023): 692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i12.844.
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Community economic empowerment is a crucial part of the purpose of decentralization initiatives, which is to create an autonomous territory. Local governments and their communities manage their current resources and set up patterns of partnerships with the private sector in order to generate new jobs and increase the growth of economic activity in the area. The goal of this study was to build a policy model for the management of superior commodities of grapes in Probolinggo City as well as to assess the potential of the superior commodity of grapes and the viability of realizing that potential. In Probolinggo City, grapes have the potential to be a fundamental commodity. To get the feasibility value, the extended analysis method is applied. Utilizing the multiple goal programming paradigm, it is possible to assess the advantages of effectively controlling grape production. Due to the jobs and money it generates, grape farming meets these two criteria, making it both economically and socially viable. This makes it possible for grape farming to function at its best capacity and deliver the finest outcomes. According to the results of the SWOT analysis, aggressive planning was required to achieve the best management of the growth of the grape farming business. In grape growing, producers or the community can enhance productivity outcomes by engaging in the right cultivation management activities. They must, however, limit the holding area used to that of the ideal area.
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Miao, Yubin, Leilei Huang, and Shu Zhang. "A Two-Step Phenotypic Parameter Measurement Strategy for Overlapped Grapes under Different Light Conditions." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 4532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134532.
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Phenotypic characteristics of fruit particles, such as projection area, can reflect the growth status and physiological changes of grapes. However, complex backgrounds and overlaps always constrain accurate grape border recognition and detection of fruit particles. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-step phenotypic parameter measurement to calculate areas of overlapped grape particles. These two steps contain particle edge detection and contour fitting. For particle edge detection, an improved HED network is introduced. It makes full use of outputs of each convolutional layer, introduces Dice coefficients to original weighted cross-entropy loss function, and applies image pyramids to achieve multi-scale image edge detection. For contour fitting, an iterative least squares ellipse fitting and region growth algorithm is proposed to calculate the area of grapes. Experiments showed that in the edge detection step, compared with current prevalent methods including Canny, HED, and DeepEdge, the improved HED was able to extract the edges of detected fruit particles more clearly, accurately, and efficiently. It could also detect overlapping grape contours more completely. In the shape-fitting step, our method achieved an average error of 1.5% in grape area estimation. Therefore, this study provides convenient means and measures for extraction of grape phenotype characteristics and the grape growth law.
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Zaitseva, Olga, Elena Ostroukhova, Irina Peskova, and Maria Vyugina. "SO2 binding complex of grapes and factors of its formation." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128505023.
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The studies of the factors of formation SO2-binding complex of white and red grape cultivars from different soil and climatic regions of the Crimea were carried out. The formation of the SO2-binding complex of grapes is associated with a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors. It was found that the most significant factors (α&0.05) in the formation of SO2-binding complex are the cultivar, soil-climatic region of growth, harvest year, and concentration of sugar. Revealed that in the case of white grape cultivars – the cultivar (α = 0.0002) and the soil-climatic region of growth (α = 0.0003) had a significant effect on the accumulation of aldehydes. In red grape cultivars the accumulation of SO2-binding components (ketoacids and aldehydes) was determined by the grape cultivar (α&0.045); α-ketoglutaric acid – soil-climatic region of growth (α = 0.014). The relationship between the mass concentrations of aldehydes and sugars in red grape cultivars has been established.
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Artem, Victoria, and Arina Oana Antoce. "Enhancement Of Cabernet Sauvignon Wine Volatile Profile By Organic Cultivation Confirmed With An Electronic Nose." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0036.
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Abstract Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the grape varieties highly suitable for organic cultivation. In the present study, the variety was cultivated in Murfatlar region were both organic and conventional technologies are applied and compared. Also, for each growth system variants with and without 30% cluster thinning were organized. Wines obtained from each variant were compared by the use of an electronic nose. The groups of wines prepared by the same technology were discriminated by the electronic nose in accordance to their volatile profile and on the basis of the discriminating chromatographic peaks determined. The wines produced from grapes conventionally grown were discriminated in two groups by different compounds correlated to the application or not of the cluster thinning operation, while the wines from organic grapes were only slightly separated in groups with or without cluster thinning. However, the wines from organic grapes have shown the highest complexity, as far as the number of discriminant peaks is concerned. Thus, this preliminary study suggests that organic cultivation of grapes may be beneficial for Cabernet Sauvignon wines. The operation of cluster thinning has some effects on the wines made with conventionally grown grapes, but even in this case only 7.6% of the variability in the volatile profile is explained by the cluster thinning. Considering that the grape yield of Cabernet Sauvignon is generally low as compared to other varieties, a further reduction of the grape load may be economically unjustified.
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Kanchanomai, Chaorai, Kazuhiro Nakano, Sila Kittiwachana, Chanida Krongchai, Shintaroh Ohashi, Phonkrit Maniwara, Parichat Theanjumpol, and Daruni Naphrom. "Seedlessness detection in ‘White Malaga’ table grapes using near-infrared spectroscopy." International Food Research Journal 29, no. 4 (August 19, 2022): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.29.4.08.
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‘White Malaga’ table grapes are seeded and widely grown in Thailand. They are converted by induction into seedless grapes to increase their value. It is difficult to identify seedlessness in table grapes without destroying the grape berry. The present work thus described a quick and non-destructive method for detecting and predicting seedlessness in ‘White Malaga’ table grapes by using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy together with chemometric analysis. The NIR spectra of 280 grape samples were recorded after harvest. Firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), tartaric acid, number of seeds, and relevant physical properties were analysed. The width and weight of plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments were significantly lower than those in the untreated grapes, while the length, firmness, TA, and tartaric acid were not significantly different. Partial least square (PLS) regression was used to investigate the prediction. Classification models, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), were used to identify seedlessness. It was found that, QDA, as a representative of linear classification, resulted in the best classification of seeded and seedless performance, where the percentages of predictive ability (%PA), the percentages of model stability (%MS), and the percentages of correctly classified (%CC) were 97.27, 98.57, and 96.23%, respectively, for the training set with no pre-processing. Therefore, the NIR spectroscopy technique can be a non-destructive technique for seedlessness detection in ‘White Malaga’ table grapes.
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BHAT, Zahoor Ahmad, Rizwan RASHID, and Javid Ahmad BHAT. "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Leaf Number, Leaf Area and Leaf Dry Matter in Grape." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 1 (March 7, 2011): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb315595.
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Influence of phenylureas (CPPU) and brassinosteriod (BR) along with GA (gibberellic acid) were studied on seedless grape vegetative characteristics like leaf number, leaf area and leaf dry matter. Growth regulators were sprayed on the vines either once (7 days after fruit set or 15 days after fruit set) or twice (7+15 days after fruit set). CPPU 2 ppm+BR 0.4 ppm+GA 25 ppm produced maximum number of leaves (18.78) while as untreated vines produced least leaf number (16.22) per shoot. Maximum leaf area (129.70 cm2) and dry matter content (26.51%) was obtained with higher CPPU (3 ppm) and BR (0.4 ppm) combination along with GA 25 ppm. Plant growth regulators whether naturally derived or synthetic are used to improve the productivity and quality of grapes. The relatively high value of grapes justifies more expensive inputs. A relatively small improvement in yield or fruit quality can justify the field application of a very costly product. Application of new generation growth regulators like brassinosteroids and phenylureas like CPPU have been reported to increase the leaf number as well as leaf area and dry matter thereby indirectly influencing the fruit yield and quality in grapes.
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Almeida, Rodrigo P. P., and Alexander H. Purcell. "Biological Traits of Xylella fastidiosa Strains from Grapes and Almonds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 12 (December 2003): 7447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.12.7447-7452.2003.
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ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that causes various diseases, among them Pierce's disease of grapevine (PD) and almond leaf scorch (ALS). PD and ALS have long been considered to be caused by the same strain of this pathogen, but recent genetic studies have revealed differences among X. fastidiosa isolated from these host plants. We tested the hypothesis that ALS is caused by PD and ALS strains in the field and found that both groups of X. fastidiosa caused ALS and overwintered within almonds after mechanical inoculation. Under greenhouse conditions, all isolates caused ALS and all isolates from grapes caused PD. However, isolates belonging to almond genetic groupings did not cause PD in inoculated grapes but systemically infected grapes with lower frequency and populations than those belonging to grape strains. Isolates able to cause both PD and ALS developed 10-fold-higher concentrations of X. fastidiosa in grapes than in almonds. In the laboratory, isolates from grapes overwintered with higher efficiency in grapes than in almonds and isolates from almonds overwintered better in almonds than in grapes. We assigned strains from almonds into groups I and II on the basis of their genetic characteristics, growth on PD3 solid medium, and bacterial populations within inoculated grapevines. Our results show that genetically distinct strains from grapes and almonds differ in population behavior and pathogenicity in grapes and in the ability to grow on two different media.
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ANGAMUTHU, Dr R. "A STUDY ON TREND AND GROWTH OF GRAPE IN TAMIL NADU." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 6579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.3191.
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In this paper analysis Area, Production and Productivity of Grape in Tamil Nadu during the year from 2008-09 to 2017-18.Grape cultivation is believed to have originated in Armenia near the Caspian Sea in Russia, from where it spread westward to Europe and eastward to Iran and Afghanistan. The estimated total world production for grapes in 2018 was 79,125,982 metric tons up by 6.5 per cent from 74,276,583 tons in 2017. China was the largest producer of grapes, accounting for 16.9 per cent of global production. Italy came second at 10.8 per cent, followed by the United States at 8.7 per cent. In Tamil Nadu level, the productivity in the beginning year was 29.80 million tons and 27.27 million tons in the end year, however during middle of the period the productivity was zigzag movement respectively. The rate of decline in compounded term (CAGR = -2.81, t = -3.75, P = < 0.05) is marginally significant at 5 per cent level. The rate of decline production & productivity in compounded term (CAGR = -6.18, t = -2.00, P = < 0.01) and (CAGR = -3.74, t = -1.11, P = 0.01) are marginally significant at 1 per cent level. It is found that production and productivity are ups and down movement throughout the period.
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Perl, M., U. Lavi, and P. Spiegel Roy. "Estimation of Seed Traces in Grape Berries by Inhibition of Luciferase Activity." HortScience 24, no. 5 (October 1989): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.5.853.
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Abstract In examining the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesizing system in seeds, an inhibitory effect of seeds on luciferase activity was detected (4). This study describes possible use of the luciferin-luciferase system for a better definition of the amount of seed traces in grape berries. With growing consumer preference for seedless table grapes and raisins, breeding of stenospermocarpic grape cultivars is of great interest. Stenospermocarpic grapes yield considerably larger seedless berries than parthenocarpic ones, but also often possess seedcoats that develop into hard, stony tissue (2). An objective definition of the amount of seed rudiments would be of considerable value in breeding for seedlessness and in assessing environmental or plant growth regulator effects.
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Gorbunov, I. V., and A. A. Lukyanov. "New studies of wild-growing grapes of Kuban: ecology, morphology, variability." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125401021.
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The purpose of this scientific work was to find and study the variety of wild grapes as future promising sources of selection and valuable traits on the example of the territory of the natural reserve «Red Forest”. Analysis of modern scientific literature on the study of Vitaceae Juss. family biodiversity showed that there is practically no scientific information on agrestic Kuban forms and autochthones of grapes. This article represents the beginning of a new large research work on the study of wild Kuban grapes under study in the territory of Krasnodar Krai, in particular, in the state natural reserve “Red Forest”. The following methods were used in the work: route reconnaissance (during expeditions), traditional geobotanical and ampelographic, analytical. 5 isolated populations of agrestic grapes have been found on the territory of the “Red Forest” nature reserve. For the first time, these forms were studied and described by the ecological and geographical growth conditions and morphological traits of vegetative and generative spheres of grape plants. Significant variability of some indicators has been revealed. The presence of damage by pests and diseases was not visually detected. Hypothetically, these isolated grape populations may belong to Vitis vinifera ssp. Silvestris Gmel. or its variation var. Tipica Negr. (wild forest grapes). Samples were taken for further genetic analysis. This research was carried out within the framework of the RFFR grant project (contract No.19–416–230025).
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Colombo, Ronan, Deived Carvalho, Maria Cruz, Ciro Sumida, Saeed Ahmed, Paulo Bassoli, Reginaldo Souza, and Sergio Roberto. "Cold Storage and Biocontrol Agents to Extend the Storage Period of ‘BRS Isis’ Seedless Table Grapes." Horticulturae 4, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4030018.
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‘BRS Isis’ is a novel hybrid seedless table grape with large reddish bunches. This cultivar is cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas and has potential to be exported overseas; however, under these growth conditions, grapes can be severely damaged by gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), the main postharvest disease of table grapes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate different pre- and postharvest strategies to extend the storage period of ‘BRS Isis’ seedless table grapes. The treatments consisted of grapes packed into carton boxes under cold storage (1 °C and high relative humidity), pre- and/or postharvest treatment with potassium bicarbonate or a biological control agent (Bacillus subtilis), all with Botrytis inoculation. Additionally, two controls, with and without Botrytis inoculation, were also evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments and three replications, and each plot consisted of four bunches. After a 50-day cold storage period, the carton boxes were kept for five days at room temperature (22 °C). Gray mold incidence and water loss, as well as soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and color attributes were evaluated during both periods. Cold storage effectively reduced gray mold in ‘BRS Isis’ seedless grape for a period of 50 days, even when grapes were inoculated; however, no difference among treatments was observed. Higher water loss was observed in both non-treated control treatments.
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Gorbunov, Ivan, Stanislav Mikhailovskiy, and Olga Byhalova. "Wild grapes of Kuban, their ecological and biological features of growth." BIO Web of Conferences 25 (2020): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202502007.
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The biodiversity of the Vitaceae Juss family is studied with more interest than before, but still not fully according to the current scientific literature. For example, indigenous varieties and wild forms of grapes are known in the Crimea, Dagestan, along the banks of the Don and in other regions, but there is practically no data about wild and autochthonic grapes in the Kuban. This work presents new data about wild grapes studied in the Krasnodar region in the forests of the “Red forest” reserve. The ecological and geographical conditions of their growth are studied in detail. The description of plant community where the studied plant forms grow is conducted. Isolated populations of wild grapes, presumably belonging to the species of Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris Gmel. or its varieties - var. Tipica Negr. (typical wild forest grapes) were ampelographically studied. Samples were taken for further genetic analysis to identify the origin of these forms and identify promising donors of resistance to various environmental stressors for use in the breeding process.
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Levchenko, Svetlana, Sofia Cherviak, Vladimir Boyko, Dmitriy Belash, and Alexander Romanov. "The influence of foliar treatment on the quality of table grape during storage." E3S Web of Conferences 316 (2021): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131603015.
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One of the main factors increasing the productivity of vineyards and the quality of fresh grapes during storage is the use of vegetative treatments with bioregulators of various physiological effects. This work is devoted to the study and comparative assessment of various foliar treatments with the growth regulator "Albit", "Glycerol" and a complex of fertilizers LLC "Biochefarm Rus" on agro biological and commercial quality characteristics of the table grape variety ‘Moldova’ during the longterm storage. Foliar treatments were carried out in the main phases of the growing season: 'before flowering', 'after flowering', 'the beginning of growth', 'the beginning of ripening'. Sampling for analyzes was carried out for 30, 90 and 150 days of storage. It was found that foliar treatment leading to a significant increase in cropping capacity of grapes by 26.8% ("Biochefarm"), 36.5% ("Albit") and 20.0% ("Glycerol"). The increase in the average weight of the bunch in the experimental variants grew by 29.6-31.3%. The use of experimental schemes of foliar treatments made it possible to increase the keeping quality of table grapes: the weight loss of bunch decreased by 0.3-3.5%. The tasting assessment of the experimental batches of grapes at the end of storage exceeded the control by 5.6-6.9%.
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Maor, Uriel, Omer Barda, Sudharsan Sadhasivam, Yang Bi, Varda Zakin, Dov B. Prusky, and Edward Sionov. "Host Factors Modulating Ochratoxin A Biosynthesis during Fruit Colonization by Aspergillus carbonarius." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010010.
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Aspergillus carbonarius is a strong and consistent ochratoxin A (OTA) producer and considered to be the main source of this toxic metabolite in grapes and grape products such as wine, grape juice and dried vine fruit. OTA is produced under certain growth conditions and its accumulation is affected by several environmental factors, such as growth phase, substrate, temperature, water activity and pH. In this study, we examined the impact of fruit host factors on regulation and accumulation of OTA in colonized grape berries, and assessed in vitro the impact of those factors on the transcriptional levels of the key genes and global regulators contributing to fungal colonization and mycotoxin synthesis. We found that limited sugar content, low pH levels and high malic acid concentrations activated OTA biosynthesis by A. carbonarius, both in synthetic media and during fruit colonization, through modulation of global regulator of secondary metabolism, laeA and OTA gene cluster expression. These findings indicate that fruit host factors may have a significant impact on the capability of A. carbonarius to produce and accumulate OTA in grapes.
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Li, Wenjie, Jingfeng Huang, Lingbo Yang, Yan Chen, Yahua Fang, Hongwei Jin, Han Sun, and Ran Huang. "A Practical Remote Sensing Monitoring Framework for Late Frost Damage in Wine Grapes Using Multi-Source Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163231.
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Late frost damage is one of the main meteorological disasters that affect the growth of wine grapes in spring, causing a decline in wine grapes quality and a reduction in yield in Northwest China. At present, remote sensing technology has been widely used in the field of crop meteorological disasters monitoring and loss assessments, but little research has been carried out on late frost damage in wine grapes. To monitor the impact of late frost in wine grapes accurately and quickly, in this research, we selected the Ningxia planting area as the study area. A practical framework of late frost damage on wine grapes by integrating visible, near-infrared, and thermal infrared satellite data is proposed. This framework includes: (1) Wine grape planting area extraction using Gaofen-1 (GF-1), Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2 based on optimal feature selection and Random Forest (RF) algorithm; (2) retrieval of the land surface temperature (LST) using Landsat-8 thermal infrared data; (3) data fusion using Landsat-8 LST and MODIS LST for a high spatiotemporal resolution of LST with the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM); (4) the estimation of daily minimum air temperature (Tmin) using downscaled LST and meteorological station data; (5) monitoring and evaluation of the degree of late frost damage in wine grapes in April 2020 by combining satellite-derived data and late frost indicators. The results show that the total area of wine grapes extracted in Ningxia was about 39,837 ha. The overall accuracy was 90.47%, the producer’s accuracy was 91.09%, and the user’s accuracy was 90.22%. The root mean square (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) of the Tmin estimation model were 1.67 ℃ and 0.91, respectively. About 41.12% of the vineyards suffered severe late frost damage, and the total affected area was about 16,381 ha during April 20–25, 2020. This suggests the satellite data can accurately monitor late frost damage in wine grapes by mapping the wine grape area and estimating Tmin. The results can help farmers to take remedial measures to reduce late frost damage in wine grapes, and provide an objective evaluation of late frost damage insurance claims for wine grapes. With the increasing weather extremes, this study has an important reference value for standardized global wine grape management and food security planning.
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COZZI, G., M. HAIDUKOWSKI, G. PERRONE, A. VISCONTI, and A. LOGRIECO. "Influence of Lobesia botrana Field Control on Black Aspergilli Rot and Ochratoxin A Contamination in Grapes." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.4.894.
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The grape berry moth Lobesia botrana is a key pest in vineyards in southern Europe. Damage caused by L. botrana larvae may encourage growth of black aspergilli, leading to ochratoxin A (OTA) accumulation in grapes. Field trials were conducted during three grape growing seasons (2005 through 2007) in Apulia, Italy, to evaluate an insecticide control strategy for L. botrana in the vineyard as an indirect method of reducing OTA contamination by reducing black aspergilli on the grapes. In the 2005 field trials, the insecticide treatment controlled attacks by L. botrana larvae and reduced OTA concentrations by up to 66% in the must samples of Negroamaro and Primitivo grape varieties. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) also were observed in the incidence of black aspergilli. Environmental conditions in 2006 and 2007 resulted in a natural low level of infestation by L. botrana, low levels of OTA in both treated and untreated samples, and no significant differences between treated and nontreated samples. The results of our field study confirm previous reports that L. botrana is an important risk factor for OTA accumulation and are consistent with the hypothesis that controlling L. botrana in vineyards reduces OTA concentrations in grapes.
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Gadoury, David M., Robert C. Seem, Roger C. Pearson, Wayne F. Wilcox, and Richard M. Dunst. "Effects of Powdery Mildew on Vine Growth, Yield, and Quality of Concord Grapes." Plant Disease 85, no. 2 (February 2001): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.2.137.
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Vitis labruscana ‘Concord’ is a widely planted grape cultivar grown in the United States for processing into juice and other products. Concord fruit are sporadically but sometimes severely damaged by the grape powdery mildew pathogen, Uncinula necator. The effects of powdery mildew on vine growth, yield, and quality of Concord grapes at three levels of cropping intensity commonly found in commercial grape production were determined in vineyard studies. Top-wire cordon-trained Concord vines were balance pruned, pruned to retain 80 nodes, or minimally pruned. Replicated plots of the foregoing were then either protected from powdery mildew by regular fungicide applications, or were inoculated and left unsprayed. Over a 4-year period, the effects of foliar infection on vine growth, yield, and juice quality of unsprayed vines were compared with vines that received a conventional protection program of four fungicide applications. Failure to control powdery mildew resulted in a chronic reduction in wood maturity measured as the number of nodes on canes that developed periderm. The reduction in nodes did not reduce yield, possibly due to compensation in shoots produced from the remaining nodes. Powdery mildew did not affect bud survival or vigor, measured as the number of shoots produced per node on retained canes. The most significant effects of powdery mildew were on berry sugar levels and juice color and acidity, which on the unsprayed vines were sometimes reduced below minimally acceptable thresholds for processed grapes. Significant reductions due to powdery mildew in these parameters occurred in all three pruning treatments, but were most pronounced at higher cropping levels.
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Panova, Maria. "Formation of seedless berries in Codrianka grapes with the use of growth regulators." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 54 (December 31, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202126628.
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The article presents the results of studying the influence of growth regulators on the formation of seedless berries in the grape variety of interspecific origin Codrianka. The size of berries of different types has been studied depending on the presence or absence of seeds in them. The preparations contributing to the formation of large seedless berries in the Codrianka variety have been identified. Keywords: GRAPES, GROWTH REGULATORS, SEEDLESSNESS, UVOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, SMALL DIAMETER BERRIES, PARTHENOCARPY
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Thiéry, D., K. Monceau, and J. Moreau. "Different emergence phenology of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on six varieties of grapes." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 3 (June 7, 2013): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531300031x.
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AbstractThe phenology of insect emergence affects reproductive success and is especially critical in short-lived species. An increasing number of studies have documented the effects of thermal and other climatic variations and of unpredictable habitats on the timing of adult insect emergence within and between populations and years. Numerous interacting factors may affect the phenology of adult emergence. Host-plant quality and availability is a key factor that has been largely neglected in studies of the phenology of phytophagous insects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of host plant characteristics on the rate of larval growth and the pattern of emergence in a wild population of Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth), a significant pest in European vineyards. The phenology of emergence differed significantly among the six tested varieties of grapes. The percentage of bunches harboring pupae was similar among the different grape varieties, and the total number of pupae collected was similar to the number of emerging adults per bunch. Among the six varieties of grapes, 0–25 pupae were produced on each bunch. Each of the grape varieties had a single wave of emergence, in which males emerged before females, but their emergence phenology differed significantly in Chardonnay, Chasselas, and Pinot grapes. Both genders had extended durations of emergence in Merlot grapes. Together, the present results show that the characteristics of the grape host plant affect the emergence phenology of L. botrana.
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Cheng, Guo, Sihong Zhou, Jinbiao Liu, Qiyan Feng, Rongfu Wei, Huan Yu, Bo Wang, Ying Zhang, and Xianjin Bai. "Widely Targeted Metabolomics Provides New Insights into the Flavonoid Metabolism in ‘Kyoho’ Grapes under a Two-Crop-a-Year Cultivation System." Horticulturae 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020154.
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The establishment and application of a two-crop-a-year cultivation system depends on the particularity of climatic conditions in subtropical regions. The different temperature, light, and water conditions throughout the growing season of summer and winter grapes are the fundamental reasons for differences in primary and secondary metabolites. We performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS)-based metabolomics on ‘Kyoho’ grapes under a two-crop-a-year cultivation system. In total, 1062 metabolites were identified and classified into 10 different categories, while flavonoids were the largest group, with 285 metabolites. Moreover, 876 metabolites were different among the four developmental stages, and 551 were different between the summer and winter grapes during the same growth period. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) clearly distinguished developmental and growth-season differences based on the detected metabolites. Of note, flavonoids were the most important compounds responsible for the differences in berry composition during the growth and developmental seasons. The content of most flavonoids was higher in the winter grapes, but some were also found at higher levels in summer grapes, such as kaempferol-4′-O-glucoside, leucocyanidin, and cyanidin-3-O-glucosylglucoside. Additionally, myricetin-3-O-arabinoside was consistently higher in winter grapes than in summer grapes during all four developmental stages. The extreme high temperature and higher relative humidity were important reasons for the lower flavonoid content in the summer grapes than in the winter grapes. Moreover, the stronger light intensity in the early development of the winter grapes had a positive effect on the accumulation of flavonoids, especially flavonols and flavan-3-ols. This study provides new insights into the metabolism of flavonoids in grapes under a two-crop-a-year cultivation system and explores the climatic causes of the differences in the metabolites in the two crops of grapes.
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Mendoza-Espinosa, L. G., A. Cabello-Pasini, V. Macias-Carranza, W. Daessle-Heuser, M. V. Orozco-Borbón, and A. L. Quintanilla-Montoya. "The effect of reclaimed wastewater on the quality and growth of grapevines." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 9 (May 1, 2008): 1445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.242.
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The effect of the use of treated wastewater on the growth of cabernet sauvignon and merlot grapes from the Guadalupe Valley, Mexico was evaluated. Secondary advanced effluent was used to irrigate the grapevines at a rate of 66 L/vine/week. Wastewater quality results confirmed that all parameters complied with Mexican legislation for crop irrigation as well as reuse in activities in which the public would be in direct or indirect contact with the reclaimed water. Results showed that the number of leaves per shoot and the overall biomass increased in plants irrigated with wastewater and grape production per plant was 20% higher. The concentration of carbohydrates, organic acids and pH were similar in grapes from vines irrigated with wastewater to those irrigated with groundwater. Throughout the experiment, no fecal coliform bacteria were detected in the cultivated grapes. The wastewater caused an increase in the biomass of the grapevines and there was no presence of microbial indicators in the final product so a higher wine production could be achieved without an increase in health risk related problems. If 200 L/s of reclaimed wastewater would be returned to be used for grapevine irrigation in Valle de Guadalupe (the same amount that is currently being sent as drinking water to Ensenada), assuming an irrigation application of 6,000–7.500 m3/ha/year, approximately 837–1046 hectares (ha) of grapevines could be irrigated. Part of ongoing research includes an economical analysis of the best options for Ensenada and the Valle de Guadalupe in order to establish the optimum volume of water to be returned, the cost of its transportation, as well as the cost of irrigation.
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Kulakiotu, Eleni K., Constantine C. Thanassoulopoulos, and Evangelos M. Sfakiotakis. "Postharvest Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea on Kiwifruit by Volatiles of [Isabella] Grapes." Phytopathology® 94, no. 12 (December 2004): 1280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.12.1280.
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The potential of volatile substances emitted by ‘Isabella’ grapes (Vitis labrusca) to control gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) was studied. The closed Mariotte system was used as a bioassay method to analyze quantitatively the biological action of these volatiles on B. cinerea growth. In vivo experiments compared the effects of volatiles from ‘Isabella’ grapes versus volatiles from ‘Roditis’ grapes (V. vinifera) and a B. cinerea control on the growth and disease development of B. cinerea on kiwifruit. The effect of the volatiles on the growth of B. cinerea was tested at various temperatures and times of inoculation after the wounding of kiwifruit, as well as using various weights and developmental stages of the grapes. The ‘Isabella’ volatiles limited the incidence of infection by reducing both the inoculum density and the activity of the pathogen. The weight and developmental stage of the grapes were important in the degree of inhibitory action of the ‘Isabella’ volatiles. The inhibitory action was more pronounced at 21°C irrespective of the inoculation time after wounding. The study shows the potential for successful biological control of B. cinerea on kiwifruit by volatiles from ‘Isabella’ grapes.
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Xue, Hui, Yoshihiko Sekozawa, and Sumiko Sugaya. "Investigating the Aromatic Compound Changes in Table Grape Varieties during Growth and Development, Using HS-SPME-GC/MS." Horticulturae 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010085.
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This study aimed to identify the aromatic compounds present in the different aroma types of different table grape varieties and deeply understand the changes in the aromatic compounds during the growth and development process. The skin and flesh of three table grape varieties (‘Kyoho’, ‘Shine Muscat’, and ‘Ryuho’) in different growth and development stages were selected to determine their aromatic compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and principal component analysis. The results showed that the aromatic compounds of the ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Ryuho’ grapes were similar, mainly containing C6 compounds and esters, whereas ‘Shine Muscat’ was characterized by C6 compounds and terpenes. The levels of aromatic compounds in the skin were higher than those in the flesh. The content of esters in ‘Ryuho’ was significantly higher than that in ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Shine Muscat’. This showed that ‘Ryuho’ combines the advantages of the parents in its aroma composition. Selecting suitable parents for hybridization is one method for obtaining new varieties with a special aroma. This provides a theoretical basis for future molecular hybrid breeding and molecular-assisted breeding, as well as molecular biology research on aroma synthesis and metabolism in table grapes.
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ZARIPOVA, K. F., and A. K. RADZHABOV. "RESULTS OF THE TEST OF NEW GENERATION GEL FERTILIZERS ON THE TABLE GRAPE OF THE ITALY VARIETY IN THE MOUNTAIN VALLEY CRIMEA." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 1 (2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2022-1-5-11.
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The article assesses the effect of gel fertilizers on growth (average shoot length and bush growth in general), grape productivity, quality and transportability. Studies on the effect of new generation mineral gel fertilizers on the table grape of the Italy variety in the Mountain Valley Crimea proved their positive impact on growth, yield and quality of grape plants. There was a significant increase in phytometric indicators in the experimental variant compared to the reference: the average length of one-year shoots – by 17.7 cm (9.9%) and growth of the bush – 153.6 cm3 (7.8%). The yield increase when using new generation fertilizers was 2.2 t/ha (11.2%), mainly due to a significant increase in the average bunch weight. The use of gel fertilizers has improved the transportability of the bunches and grapes.
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Tardáguila, Javier, and Fernando Martínez de Toda. "Assessment of tempranillo grapes quality in the vineyard by Vitur score-sheet." OENO One 42, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2008.42.1.833.
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The main objective of this study is to determine whether the Vitur score-sheet could be applied as a reliable method for assessing winegrape quality in the vineyard.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Grape assessment of vineyards (Vitis vinifera L. 'Tempranillo') in the Rioja Appellation was performed by Vitur scoresheet, proposed by Tardáguila and Martínez de Toda (2005). Vegetative growth, yield components and the chemical composition of the grapes were also determined. Correlation analysis between vineyard variables and the chemical composition of the grapes were performed to identify characteristics associated with grape quality. The Vitur value was the studied parameter that displayed the best correlation with the chemical composition of the grapes. Vitur value was significantly correlated with extractable and total anthocyanins, total polyphenols index, sugar content, titratable acidity, tartaric acid and malic acid content.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: This article reports a new approach to winegrape assessment in the vineyard. The Vitur methodology was a fast and reliable method for assessing Tempranillo grape quality in the vineyard under Spanish conditions.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: The results suggest that wine industry could use a Vitur methodology, as tool to classify grapes in a simple and rational manner before the harvest and winemaking</p>
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Rice, Somchai, Devin Maurer, Anne Fennell, Murlidhar Dharmadhikari, and Jacek Koziel. "Evaluation of Volatile Metabolites Emitted In-Vivo from Cold-Hardy Grapes during Ripening Using SPME and GC-MS: A Proof-of-Concept." Molecules 24, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030536.
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In this research, we propose a novel concept for a non-destructive evaluation of volatiles emitted from ripening grapes using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). This concept is novel to both the traditional vinifera grapes and the cold-hardy cultivars. Our sample models are cold-hardy varieties in the upper Midwest for which many of the basic multiyear grape flavor and wine style data is needed. Non-destructive sampling included a use of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) chambers temporarily enclosing and concentrating volatiles emitted by a whole cluster of grapes on a vine and a modified 2 mL glass vial for a vacuum-assisted sampling of volatiles from a single grape berry. We used SPME for either sampling in the field or headspace of crushed grapes in the lab and followed with analyses on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We have shown that it is feasible to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in-vivo from single grape berries (39 compounds) and whole clusters (44 compounds). Over 110 VOCs were released to headspace from crushed berries. Spatial (vineyard location) and temporal variations in VOC profiles were observed for all four cultivars. However, these changes were not consistent by growing season, by location, within cultivars, or by ripening stage when analyzed by multivariate analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA). Research into aroma compounds present in cold-hardy cultivars is essential to the continued growth of the wine industry in cold climates and diversification of agriculture in the upper Midwestern area of the U.S.
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Kolesnov, A., M. Zenina, S. Tsimbalaev, G. Tereshenko, L. Torshina, N. Anikina, N. Gnilomedova, et al. "Mass-spectrometric study on 13C/12C carbon and 18O/16O oxygen stable isotopes distributions in grapes and wines from the Black Sea regions." BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191202036.
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The present study continues the 2015–2016 research project on biological characteristics of stable isotopes fractionation in grapes taking into account the agro-climatic growth conditions of this representative of the C3-pathway of photosynthesis group of plants in different geographical Black Sea regions. The first parts of the project were presented at the 39th and 40th Congresses of OIV in Bento Gonçalves (Brazil) and Sofia (Bulgaria). The scientific data on compositions of 13C/12C carbon and 18O/16O oxygen stable isotopes in carbohydrates, organic acids, and intracellular water were obtained for grapes of 2015–2016 growing seasons in the four areas of the Crimean peninsula as well as in several areas of the Don Basin and the Western Caspian region. This report presents the results of the 2017 season study of 13C/12C carbon and 18O/16O oxygen stable isotopes in carbohydrates and intracellular water of 12 red and white grape varieties (Aligote, Rkatsiteli, Sauvignon Zeleny, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Risling, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, Sira, Krasnostop) as well as in ethanol of wines made from corresponding grapes from the Crimean Peninsula and South-West Coast of the Greater Caucasus. To measure the ratio of carbon isotopes 13C/12C in grape (must) carbohydrates and wine ethanol the Flash-Combustion technique (FC-IRMS/SIRA) has been used, while the method of isotopic equilibration (EQ-IRMS/SIRA) has been used for the measurement of 18O/16O oxygen isotopes ratio in the intracellular water of grapes (must) and in the water fraction of wine. The GC-Combustion technique (GC-IRMS/SIRA) has been used for the first time to measure the carbon isotopes 13C/12C distribution in ethanol of studied wines. It has been found that the δ13CVPDB values for carbohydrates of red and white grape varieties as a result of biological fractionation of carbon isotopes in the agro-climatic conditions of plant growth (2017 season) for the studied geographical areas formed the following quantitative ranges: from − 26.72 to − 23.35‰ (the Crimean Peninsula) and from − 25.92 to − 23.87‰ (South-West Coast of the Greater Caucasus). The δ13CVPDB values for wine ethanol are in the following ranges: from − 28.15 to − 24.47‰ (the Crimean Peninsula) and from − 27.29 to − 25.78‰ (South-West Coast of the Greater Caucasus). The δ18OVSMOW values in intracellular water of grapes of the 2017 season range from − 1.24 to 2.17‰ (the Crimean Peninsula) and from 1.08 to 4.09‰ (South-West Coast of the Greater Caucasus). The results of this study show, in comparison with the results of studies of the 2015 and 2016 seasons, a decrease in the δ13CVPDB values for carbohydrates of grapes and ethanol of wine, which is explained by the changed climatic conditions of grapes growing in the vegetation period of 2017.
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Cyr, Don, Roger D. Hanagriff, and Lester M. K. Kwong. "What is Making Investment in the Texas Vineyard Industry Tick? A Real Options Analysis of Entry and Exit." Journal of Wine Economics 5, no. 2 (2010): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1931436100000936.
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AbstractThe Texas wine industry of the United States has experienced substantial growth in recent years and yet is constrained by a significant lack of supply of Texas grown grapes. Using a real options framework we examine the role that wine grape price uncertainty plays on the financial decision to invest in vineyard operations in the state of Texas. Given reasonable estimates of required rates of returns, investment and operating costs for typical Texas vineyards, it is found that grape price uncertainty results in a delay in investment and subsequently a lack of grape supply. This delay in investment, known as hysteresis, is often found in situations involving large fixed investments combined with uncertain returns. In general the results indicate that average prices for Texas grapes would have to increase by 30 to 40 percent in order for a significant expansion in Texas vineyards to take place. (JEL Classification: Q120, Q140, G310, D920)
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Stevens, C., V. A. Khan, J. Y. Lu, M. K. Kabwe, Z. Haung, M. A. Wilson, and J. E. Brown. "THE EFFECT OF SOIL SOLARIZATION ON GROWTH AND UNEVEN RIPENING OF `CARLOS' MUSCADINE GRAPES." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 486e—486. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.486e.
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In 1988 and 1989 a muscadine vineyard at Tuskegee, Alabama was treated by post soil solarization (PSS) (covering of moist soil around muscadine plants with clear polyethylene plastic mulch to achieve high soil temperature) for 30 and 75 days, respectively. The average soil temperature in 1989 of 50 and 35 C at 5cm depth for solarized and bare soil, respectively during PSS. The results showed no visible detrimental effect on `Carlos' muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) from the increased heating of the soil. And the grape plants grown in solarized soils showed increases in growth response e.g. increased yield, revitalization of new softwood vines, vine weight/plant, etc. Uneven ripening of muscadine grapes was reduced on plants grown in PSS over bare soil as indicated by the increases in the percent soluble solids content of grape berries.
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Qiu, Chang, Guangzhao Tian, Jiawei Zhao, Qin Liu, Shangjie Xie, and Kui Zheng. "Grape Maturity Detection and Visual Pre-Positioning Based on Improved YOLOv4." Electronics 11, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 2677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172677.
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To guide grape picking robots to recognize and classify the grapes with different maturity quickly and accurately in the complex environment of the orchard, and to obtain the spatial position information of the grape clusters, an algorithm of grape maturity detection and visual pre-positioning based on improved YOLOv4 is proposed in this study. The detection algorithm uses Mobilenetv3 as the backbone feature extraction network, uses deep separable convolution instead of ordinary convolution, and uses the h-swish function instead of the swish function to reduce the number of model parameters and improve the detection speed of the model. At the same time, the SENet attention mechanism is added to the model to improve the detection accuracy, and finally the SM-YOLOv4 algorithm based on improved YOLOv4 is constructed. The experimental results of maturity detection showed that the overall average accuracy of the trained SM-YOLOv4 target detection algorithm under the verification set reached 93.52%, and the average detection time was 10.82 ms. Obtaining the spatial position of grape clusters is a grape cluster pre-positioning method based on binocular stereo vision. In the pre-positioning experiment, the maximum error was 32 mm, the mean error was 27 mm, and the mean error ratio was 3.89%. Compared with YOLOv5, YOLOv4-Tiny, Faster_R-CNN, and other target detection algorithms, which have greater advantages in accuracy and speed, have good robustness and real-time performance in the actual orchard complex environment, and can simultaneously meet the requirements of grape fruit maturity recognition accuracy and detection speed, as well as the visual pre-positioning requirements of grape picking robots in the orchard complex environment. It can reliably indicate the growth stage of grapes, so as to complete the picking of grapes at the best time, and it can guide the robot to move to the picking position, which is a prerequisite for the precise picking of grapes in the complex environment of the orchard.
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Veljovic, Mile, Sasa Despotovic, Milan Stojanovic, Sonja Pecic, Predrag Vukosavljevic, Miona Belovic, and Ida Leskosek-Cukalovic. "The fermentation kinetics and physicochemical properties of special beer with addition of Prokupac grape variety." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 21, no. 3 (2015): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq140415041v.
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Over the last decade, the market of special beers with improved healthy function and/or with new refreshing taste has significantly increased. One of the possible solutions enables grape and mixing beer with bioactive component responsible for well known health promoting action of red wine. The influence of the addition of Prokupac grape on the physicochemical properties and the fermentation kinetics of the grape beer were studied and results were compared with control lager beer. The effect of grape addition on the activity of yeast was also studied. Original extract, alcohol content, degree of fermentation, fermentation rate and yeast growth were significantly higher in beers with grapes as a consequence of higher concentration of simple sugars in grapes compared with pure wort. Based on the CIELab chromatic parameters the color of grape beer samples was yellow with certain proportion of redness, while the control beer was purely yellow. The increase in the concentration of grape mash affects the reduction of lightness and yellowness of beers, while the redness of samples was directly proportional with grape quantity. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of grape beers was remarkably higher compared with control beer, which indicates that the grape beer is a better source of natural antioxidants than regular lager beer.
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Lu, Jiang, Olusola Lamikanra, and Stephen Leong. "Induction of Seedlessness in `Triumph' Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) by Applying Gibberellic Acid." HortScience 32, no. 1 (February 1997): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.1.89.
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Gibberellic acid (GA3), a plant growth regulator used routinely in the production of seedless bunch grapes, was sprayed on the seeded muscadine grape cultivar Triumph. GA3 at 100, 200, and 300 mg·L-1 was sprayed on the leaves and fruit clusters at late bloom; a second spray followed 1 week later. The sprayed vines produced more than 20% seedless berries and the size of the berries with seeds increased significantly. GA3 application in commercial muscadine grape production may have potential benefits.
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Choi, Dong-Yong, and Seon-Kyu Kim. "EFFECT OF TRAINING SYSTEM AND PLANTING DENSITY ON GROWTH, YIELD, AND FRUIT QUALITY OF YOUNG GRAPEVINES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 637b—637. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.637b.
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Two training systems(open lyre and Kniffin) with two planting densities(3.3 m × 1.5-1.1 m and 1.8 m × 1.5-1.1 m, R × V, respectively) were evaluated for their effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of fourteen grapes grafted to SO4. Cane pruning weights of vines grafted to SO4 rootstocks averaged 268.1 kg/10a. Chenin Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Clairette grapes had greater cane pruning weights. Pruning weights of vines trained to the Kniffin system with 1.8 m × 1.1 m spacing were greater. Fruit yields of young vines averaged 438.6 kg/10a, and SV 5276, Carignane, and Ugni Blanc grapes were more productive while Riesling, Grenache, Chenin Blanc, Muscat de Frontignan grapes were less productive. Yields of grapevines trained to the Kniffin system with 1.8 m × 1.1 m spacing were more productive. Fruit quality was less affected by training system and planting density, but significant varietal differences were recognized.
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Panova, Maria. "The influence of growth regulators on the quality of the harvest of grapes varieties Moskovskij ustojchivyj and Khasansky Bousa in the conditions of Moscow." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 48 (December 18, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20216625.
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The article presents the results of studying the influence of growth regulators on the quality of the grape harvest of varieties of interspecific variety Moskovsky ustojchivyj (Skuin 675) and Khasansky Bousa when growing them in Moscow. An assessment of the quality of the crop was carried out when using shock freezing as a processing of fruit and berry raw materials, which makes it possible to obtain a well-preserved, transportable and not losing its properties product. Keywords: GRAPES, GROWTH REGULATORS, CROP QUALITY, TOTAL SUGARS, SHOCK FREEZING, CRYOPRESERVATION
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DONICI, Alina, Claudiu Ioan BUNEA, Anamaria CĂLUGĂR, Eugenia HARSAN, and Florin Dumitru BORA. "Investigation of the Copper Content in Vineyard Soil, Grape, Must and Wine in the Main Vineyards of Romania: a Preliminary Study." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 76, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2018.0017.
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The long-term use of copper in viticulture has caused great copper accumulation in vineyard soils, resulting in negative effects on the environment through toxicity to aquatic and soil organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the copper content in vineyard soils, grapes and wines from Dealu Bujorului, Murfatlar, Tarnave, Iasi and Ştefăneşti vineyards. The ICP-MS method was used for copper determination in vineyard soil, grape must and wine. Copper concentration in red wine samples was significantly higher than in the white wine samples. Values for Transfer Factor and Mobility Ratio indicates that Vitis vinifera L. does not allow the accumulation of copper from vineyard soil in must grape and wine. The copper concentration in grapes, must and wine has been influenced by the copper concentration in soils, by copper fungicide used to protect the vine and by other factors such as the biological specificity of cultivars during growth.
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Gómez-Albarrán, Carolina, Clara Melguizo, Belén Patiño, Covadonga Vázquez, and Jéssica Gil-Serna. "Diversity of Mycobiota in Spanish Grape Berries and Selection of Hanseniaspora uvarum U1 to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination." Toxins 13, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090649.
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The occurrence of mycotoxins on grapes poses a high risk for food safety; thus, it is necessary to implement effective prevention methods. In this work, a metagenomic approach revealed the presence of important mycotoxigenic fungi in grape berries, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger aggregate species, or Aspergillus section Circumdati. However, A. carbonarius was not detected in any sample. One of the samples was not contaminated by any mycotoxigenic species, and, therefore, it was selected for the isolation of potential biocontrol agents. In this context, Hanseniaspora uvarum U1 was selected for biocontrol in vitro assays. The results showed that this yeast is able to reduce the growth rate of the main ochratoxigenic and aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. occurring on grapes. Moreover, H. uvarum U1 seems to be an effective detoxifying agent for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, probably mediated by the mechanisms of adsorption to the cell wall and other active mechanisms. Therefore, H. uvarum U1 should be considered in an integrated approach to preventing AFB1 and OTA in grapes due to its potential as a biocontrol and detoxifying agent.
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Gorbunov, I., and A. Lukyanova. "Preservation and study of genetic resources of grapes on the ampelographic collection of the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking." Agrarian Bulletin of the 195, no. 4 (May 13, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-195-4-47-55.
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Abstract. The purpose of the research, the results of which are reflected in this article, is to preserve, replenish and study the genetic resources of grapes at the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking (AZESViW). Novelty. Anapa ampelographic collection, consisting of 4941 genotypes, in 2019 was supplemented with ten varieties (grafted culture): Viktor 2 (Simpatiya), Vion’e, Zarya Nesvyataya, Karmener, Marselo, Romeo, Rusbol muskatnyy, Sirius AZOS, Furshetnyy, Yubiley Khersonskogo dachnika. First identified 5 sources of breeding valuable traits: 2 source of large berries – table grapes Ryukho i Strashenskiy, 1 source of phylloxera resistance – universal grade Ananasnyy, 1 – high sugar content – a technical grade of Bastardo and 1 – ultra-early ripening – table grape Olimpiada. Methods. These varieties, as well as all those growing in the collection, are subject to comprehensive research every year using traditional and modern methods of study, including agrobiological accounting, testing, identification, phenology, crop accounting, growth, and so on. Results. According to the results of scientific research last year, a number of features of the reaction of the studied grape varieties of different ecological and geographical groups and maturation periods to atypical conditions of the growing season in 2019 were revealed. In addition, among the studied varieties, one source was allocated for phylloxerostability: Pineapple grape variety; two sources were allocated for large-yield-table varieties Ryuho (Ryuho) and Strashenskiy; one source for high sugar accumulation – technical variety Bastardo and one source for early maturation-table variety Olympiada. Practical significance. These sources of economically valuable breeding characteristics are necessary for the creation of new varieties, clones and hybrids of grapes that increase the stability of agrocenosis and stability of fruiting, the introduction of which in production can increase the profitability of growing grapes by increasing the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the crop.
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Fang, Xiang, Qinchun Duan, Zhuo Wang, Fuyun Li, Jianxiong Du, Wencan Ke, Diru Liu, Ross C. Beier, Xusheng Guo, and Ying Zhang. "Products of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Strain F17 and Leuconostoc lactis Strain H52 Are Biopreservatives for Improving Postharvest Quality of ‘Red Globe’ Grapes." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050656.
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‘Red Globe’ table grapes are large, edible, seeded fruit with firm flesh that tastes good, but can have poor postharvest shelf-life. This study was conducted to explore the effects of products of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain F17 and Leuconostoc lactis strain H52 on ‘Red Globe’ table grapes for the enhancement of shelf-life and improvement of grape quality characteristics during postharvest storage. Strains F17 and H52 were isolated from traditional fermented yak milk obtained in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Samples from untreated and treated grapes were analyzed for physicochemical, biochemical, and microbiological properties (weight loss, decay rate, pH, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity, total phenols, sensory evaluation, and microbial growth) for 20 days. The results demonstrated that supernatants from both strains significantly reduced weight loss, decay rate, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and coliform bacteria counts; delayed maturity and senescence of table grapes; and reduced titratable acidity and total phenols. However, the supernatant of strain F17 was more effective and resulted in better sensory evaluations and had a significant inhibitory effect on yeast and molds by day 5. Meanwhile, the supernatant from strain H52 had a significant inhibitory effect on fungi over the whole storage period. In addition, the results of the Pearson correlation analysis suggested that weight loss, decay rate, total soluble solids content, and microorganisms were highly correlated with the sensory evaluation data and quality of postharvest grapes when treated with the products of strain F17. On the basis of these data and sensory organoleptic qualities, the supernatant containing products from strain F17 had the best potential as a biopreservative to improve the postharvest quality of ‘Red Globe’ table grapes.
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Spiers, James M., and John H. Braswell. "NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AFFECTS MUSCADINE GRAPES." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1178c—1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1178c.
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Leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Fe, and Mn in `Sterling' muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michaux) grown for 2 years in sand culture were not influenced by different N fertilizer sources. Leaf Zn and Cu were higher in plants receiving N as NH4NO3 rather than as (NH4)2SO4. Growth was greatest in plants fertilized with NH4NO3 compared to those with either (NH4)2SO4 or NaNO3 fertilization. Leaf Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu content decreased linearly and leaf N increased linearly as N fertilizer rates were raised from 1.8 to 16.1 mM. Plant growth was a positively correlated with leaf N but was negatively correlated with leaf Ca, Mg, and Mn content. Percent Mg in the leaves was reduced when N levels, regardless of N source, were raised from the low (1.8 mM) to middle (5.4 mM) rate. High leaf N levels were correlated with lower Ca and Mg in the leaves, indicating a possible relationship between N fertilization and the late-season Mg deficiency often observed in muscadine grapes.
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Novikova, Liubov Yu, and Lyudmila G. Naumova. "Dependence of Fresh Grapes and Wine Taste Scores on the Origin of Varieties and Weather Conditions of the Harvest Year in the Northern Zone of Industrial Viticulture in Russia." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101613.
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Climate change affects all characteristics of grapes, including the taste of fresh berries and wine. The purpose of this study was to reveal the dependence of fresh grapes taste scores (GS) and wine taste scores (WS) on the origin of the varieties and weather conditions of the harvest year in the northern zone of industrial viticulture in Russia. The material used in the study were taste scores of 232 grape varieties from the Don Ampelographic Collection (47°25′ N 40°03′ E) 1981–2019. The correlation analysis, ANOVA, and regression were used. It was shown that GS negatively correlated with productivity, and WS with the berry mass of variety. In recent decades, GS have increased in groups of varieties of various interspecies origin, and WS have not changed. Regression models revealed that the reason for GS improvement was in the growth of average temperature above 15 °C, while WS varied depending on the sum of precipitation for the period with temperatures above 20 °C, which did not have a reliable trend. Together with data on the growth of grape yield and sugar content, the results indicate that observed climate warming is favorable for grapevine cultivation in the northern zone of industrial viticulture in Russia.
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Ageeva, Natalya Mikhailovna, Vladimir Aramovich Markosov, Irina Anatol'yevna Ilyina, and Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich Dergunov. "PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF RED GRAPE VARIETIES GROWING IN THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021027427.
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Experimental data on the concentration of phenolic compounds in classical Vitis vinifera grapes and hybrid varieties growing in various soil and climatic zones of the Krasnodar Territory are presented. It has been shown that the technological stock of phenolic compounds varies widely – from 5420 to 7360 mg / dm3, depending on the grape variety and the place of its growth. Moreover, in hybrid varieties, the accumulation of the sum of polyphenols is higher than in classical ones. according to the technological stock of PS, the studied varieties can be arranged in the following row: Golubok> Krasnostop anapsky> Harmony> Alkor, Saperavi. On the example of the Cabernet-Sauvignon variety, the influence of the place of grape growth on the technological stock of polyphenols is shown: the largest amount of the phenolic compounds was in the grapes of AF Myskhako, where the highest amount of active temperatures was noted. The farms of Temryuk district obtained close results. The largest amount of resveratrol stilbene, phenolic acids, including chlorogenic, gallic acid, was found in the must of Cabernet-Sauvignon grape variety grown in AF Myskhako and AZOS ViV. The identity of the qualitative composition of the phenolic complex of all investigated grape varieties, including hybrids, has been established. In the studied grape varieties, monomers of flavonoids are represented by anthocyanins, quercetin, (+) - D-catechin, (-) - epicatechin. Among the monomeric non-flavonoids, hydroxy acids were determined, among the oligomeric polyphenols, the oligomeric procyanidins B1, B2, B3, which are condensed derivatives of catechin, were found.
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Ergun, Muharrem, and Ezgi Dogan. "Use of hydrogen peroxide, citric acid and sodium hypochlorite as sanitizer for minimally processed table grapes." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 33, no. 1 (2018): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20183301058.
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The objective of this study was to explore two local table grape cultivars, one is white and the other one red colored, as a minimally processed produce, and to identify the most effective sanitizers (hydrogen peroxide, citric acid or sodium hypochlorite) to control microbial growth. The table grape cultivars indigenous to Elazig province of Turkey ‘Agin Beyazi’ and ‘Agin Kirmizisi’ were tested in the present experiment. Grape clusters were washed by dipping in tap water as control, in citric acid (20 g/L), with sodium hypochlorite (50 mg/L), or with hydrogen peroxide (20 g/L), solutions for 1 minute. Grape berries were then placed into PET clamshells and kept at 4 °C for 10 days. The berries were subject to quality assessments during the storage, and to total aerobic microbial and fungal count at the end. Washing with hydrogen peroxide- or sodium hypochlorite-diluted water was very effective controlling both aerobic microbial and fungal growth. Citric acid treatment however represented no significant effect on microbial growth. It is concluded that both hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite are strong sanitizers for table grapes tested, with no detection of undesirable effects.
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Polukhina, E. V., and M. V. Vlasenko. "Assessment of agricultural techniques of grape cultivation in arid conditions of southern Russia based on analysis of variance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 954, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/954/1/012061.
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Abstract The aim of the research was to assess the effectiveness of agricultural techniques for growing table grapes in the arid conditions of southern Russia. The research is relevant, since the improvement of agricultural techniques for growing grapes improves its growth and development, marketability of products, and increases plant resistance to diseases. The experiments were carried out in a vineyard located on the light chestnut soils of the Astrakhan region. The number of grape bushes is 1250.0 pieces/hectare. Water-soluble fertilizers were tested separately and in combination on plantings of table grape varieties of early, middle and late ripening. The concentration of aqueous solutions of fertilizers was 0.3 % for Plantafol and 0.1 % for Boroplus. The high efficiency of foliar dressings is achieved when they are carried out in certain phases of the plant’s growing season. The background was a mineral fertilizer - Ca(H2PO4) 2 × H2O at the end of each growing season (60.0 kg a. s./he), as well as N16P16K16 (64.0 kg a. s./he) before bud break and before flowering. A strong dependence of the efficiency of growing grapes on the interaction of varietal samples and applied fertilizers has been established. At the same time, additional products were obtained according to the options for applying fertilizers for different varieties in the range of 2.5-6.1 t/hectare.