Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grapes

Academic literature on the topic 'Grapes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Grapes.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Grapes"

1

Lyashenko, H. V., and O. M. Soborova. "The dynamics of berries quality indicators of technical kinds of grapes during a ripening period." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 18 (October 29, 2017): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.18.2016.10.

Full text
Abstract:
The article describes the main indicators of a grapes crop quality - a sugar content in the juice of grapes and a titratable acidity, which give a special taste to the main production of technical kinds of grapes - dry wines. The methods and tools of the laboratory analysis of these indicators, as well as the methodology of a field experience are described . The results of laboratory and field experiments, conducted in 2015 in the areas of an ampelography and clonal selection department of NSC of "Institute for Winegrowing and Winemaking named after V. E. Tairov" are represented. The quality of grapes crop was determined for three grades - Odessa Muscat, Sukholimansky white and Odessa black (respectively medium, later than average and late ripening). Analysis of grape quality indicators was carried out in the dynamics during ripening (from the beginning of ripening to a technical maturity) in four replications for 40 plants on three tiers of the bush - the upper, middle and lower. It was executed the calculations of glucoacidimetric indicator (GAP) value for grades Odessa Muscat, Sukholimansky white and Odessa black. The following conclusions were obtained. The greatest rate of change of grapes quality indicators of different ripening technical kinds is observed for the grape with the lowest grade ripening period – Odessa Muscat. The resulting calculations indicate sufficient indicators value to obtain good quality wine materials for making high quality wines.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Vislocky, Lisa M., and Maria Luz Fernandez. "Grapes and Grape Products." Nutrition Today 48, no. 1 (2013): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nt.0b013e31823db374.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hasanaliyeva, Gultakin, Eleni Chatzidimitrou, Juan Wang, Marcin Baranski, Nikolaos Volakakis, Chris Seal, Eduardo A. S. Rosa, et al. "Effects of Production Region, Production Systems and Grape Type/Variety on Nutritional Quality Parameters of Table Grapes; Results from a UK Retail Survey." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121874.

Full text
Abstract:
Grapes contain high concentrations of secondary metabolites and antioxidants that have been linked to a reduction of several chronic diseases. Here, we report results of a UK retail survey, which investigated the effect of the production region (Mediterranean vs. South Africa), grape type (white vs. red vs. black) and variety, and production system (organic vs. conventional) on antioxidant activity and concentrations of phenolic compounds in table grapes. Black grapes had ~180% total antioxidant activity (TAA), ~60% higher total phenolic content (TPC) and ~40 times higher anthocyanin concentrations (TAC) than white grapes, while red grapes had intermediate levels of TAA, TPC and TAC. The effects of season and production system and differences between varieties of the same grape type were substantially smaller. Grapes imported from Mediterranean countries in summer had a 14% higher TPC and ~20% higher TAA than grapes imported from South Africa in winter, and organic grapes had a 16% higher TPC and 22% higher TAA, but ~30% lower TAC than conventional grapes. Significant differences in TPC, TAA and/or TAC between organic and conventional grapes could only be detected for specific grape types, varieties and/or sampling years.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Sciarappa*, William J., Qing-Li Wu, Ming-Fu Wang, and James Simon. "Determination of Proanthocynidins in Fresh Grapes." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 848D—849. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.848d.

Full text
Abstract:
Medical benefits derived from grape extracts and red wine have been recently documented. In these regards, fresh grapes were collected from six Italian table grape varieties grown at the Rutgers Fruit Research and Extension Center in Cream Ridge, N.J. These samples were analyzed for proanthocynidins (PACs) which are the nutraceutical compounds considered to be bioactive in grapes. Seeded red grapes, seedless red grapes, seeded purple grapes and seedless green table grapes were also purchased from a New Jersey supermarket and analyzed for PACs. An LC/ESI-MS analytical method under low CID level of 20% was used to quantitate the PACs. Separated proanthocynidins (PACs) were individually analyzed and determined by their molecular ion peaks under positive ion mode, and led to the identification of dozens of proanthocynidins (PAC). Using HPLC/ESI-MSD, the proanthocyanidin monomers, (+)-catechin (C), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-catechin gallate (CG), and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) in these fresh grape samples were quantified under MRM mode. These identified catechins are the same phytochemicals that exist in green tea which is renowned for these same healthful components. This research revealed that the total concentration of PAC monomers in the six fresh table grape samples from New Jersey grown grapes ranged from 0.009% to 0.04%, which is much higher than that found in the four fresh table grape samples purchased from supermarket that contained concentrations from trace level to 0.005%. While the New Jersey grown grapes could not be directly compared to the supermarket grapes, this study provides a base-line data of expected PAC levels from standard supermarket grapes, and shows that these Italian grape varieties grown in New Jersey were rich in PACs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jiang, Yan Ru, Ya Bo Fu, Dong Li Li, and Wen Cai Xu. "Effects of 1-MCP and Controllable-Release SO2 Packaging on Cold Preservation of Grapes (C.V. Muscat Hamburg)." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2335.

Full text
Abstract:
1-MCP is an ethylene inhibitor which can effective reduce the grape respiration. SO2 controllable-release packaging film is a self-made three-layer composite film which can release SO2 fungicide intelligently. In this work, we investigated the combined effects of 1-MCP and controllable-release SO2 packaging on grapes preservation under 5°C over 75 days. Grapes (C.V. Muscat Hamburg) were packed in three groups: controllable-release SO2 packaging with and without a 1-MCP sachet, and LDPE film packaging as control. Then, the headspace gas concentration in the packaging was evaluated. The physiological properties of grapes, including weight loss, decay incidence, grape stem browning, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids content were evaluated, respectively. The experimental results showed that grapes packed by controllable-release SO2 packaging and 1-MCP achieved the best preservation effect. It decreased grapes stem browning and decay incidence, compared with the other treatments. The reason may be that it provided the grapes a suitable gas atmosphere, decreased the grape respiration rate and hence prolonged Muscat Hamburg grapes storage life.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

UZUN, Ibrahim H., and Arzu BAYIR. "Distribution of Wild and Cultivated Grapes in Turkey." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2, no. 4 (December 5, 2010): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb245397.

Full text
Abstract:
Turkey is one of main gene centers in the world for grapes. It is believed that cultivated grapes have their origins in Turkey and the surrounding countries. Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris is the only wild grape species in this region. That is why Turkey has a very large amount of wild grapevine populations and grape cultivars which offer to grapevine breeders a valuable gene pool. Wild grapevines have significant characters for inducing the resistence to biotic and abiotic stress factors, such as resistance to lime, drought, pests and diseases. Turkey has over 1.600 local grape cultivars, among which the majority of them are conserved at the national grape collection vineyard in Tekirda?. They are mostly used as table grapes, dried grapes or for local consumptions. Wild grapes are distributed all over the country territory, mainly in the river basins and forests. Wild grape collection vineyards were established at some universities in Turkey. These grapevines will be screened for the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lu, Jiang, Xianping Qu, and Olusola Lamikanra. "Genetic Diversity in Muscadine and Bunch Grapes Based on RAPD Analysis." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 877A—877. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.877a.

Full text
Abstract:
Two morphologically very distinct grapevines belonging to the subgenera Euvitis and Muscadinia of the genus Vitis are cultivated in the United States. The former is commonly called “bunch” grape, while the latter is usually called “muscadine.” Genetic diversity among these grapes was investigated based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Sixteen grape cultivars, with their parentage including V. rotundifolia, V. vinifera, and several American Vitis species, were used for the RAPD analysis. More than 200 RAPDs were produced from 20 random primers. More than 90% of which were polymorphic between the muscadine and the bunch grapes, while polymorphism was considerably low within the muscadine and the bunch grapes. The relationships of grapes between these two subgenera were estimated based on bandsharing and cluster analysis. The result based on the DNA analysis agrees with the isozyme data obtained from a separate study, which demonstrated that the muscadine grape shares very low common alleles with the American bunch grapes and the European grapes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Salifu, Rafia, Yumei Jiang, Lingzhen Ba, Zhen Zhang, Lidan Feng, and Jixin Li. "Influence of Benzothiadiazole on the Amino Acids and Aroma Compositions of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)." Horticulturae 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090812.

Full text
Abstract:
The application of elicitors enhances grape quality, especially the volatile compounds. There are few studies on the influence of elicitors on the aroma compositions of grapes. Additionally, studies on the amino acids and aroma profiles of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes are scant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of benzothiadiazole (BTH) treatments on the amino acids and aroma profiles of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes during berry development. BTH was sprayed on berries at three different stages during grape development; the fruit set period, swelling, and veraison stages. Physicochemical parameters, amino acids, and aroma compounds of the grapes were evaluated. The results showed increased an weight and color quality of treated grapes, while the content of primary metabolites such as sugar and amino acids in treated grapes declined relative to control grapes. However, total concentrations of the various aroma classes were higher in treated grapes, except for carbonyls and terpenoids, which presented higher levels in control grapes than in BTH-treated grapes. The correlation analysis between amino acids and aroma compounds revealed positive correlations in both samples with few negative correlations in BTH samples. The odor activity values (OAVs) affirmed the floral, fruity, and fresh-green nature of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes. BTH application to ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ berries significantly influenced the compositional qualities of the grapes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wang, Simin, and Siyuan Jiang. "Study on the Influence of Physicochemical Indexes on Wine Quality." BCP Business & Management 15 (December 30, 2021): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v15i.290.

Full text
Abstract:
The quality of a wine is generally determined by hiring a group of qualified wine judges to taste the wine. The quality of wine grapes is directly related to the quality of wine. To explore how the physical and chemical indicators of wine and wine grapes can reflect the quality of wine and grape to a certain extent. This article is based on 2012 Chinese college students' mathematical contest in modeling A problem of data, to score as the dependent variable, wine physical and chemical indicators as independent variables, the method of using principal component analysis of physical and chemical indexes of wine grape dimension reduction, physical and chemical indexes selection of grapes, and use the decision tree regression method to establish score and wine function relation between the physical and chemical indicators. Then, after the comparison of the results of the four clustering algorithms, the hierarchical clustering method based on Agnes algorithm was used to conduct cluster analysis on the wines. Considering the rationality of classification, red and white wines were divided into four grades, and the average value of the estimated scores of each grade was used as the benchmark score for the wines of this grade.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Anissa Ollivia Cahya Pratiwi. "Klasifikasi Jenis Anggur Berdasarkan Bentuk Daun Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network Dan K-Nearest Neighbor." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Informatika dan Komunikasi 3, no. 2 (July 30, 2023): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/juitik.v3i2.535.

Full text
Abstract:
. Grapes belong to the Vitacaee family group whose vines grow and produce dense fruit on their branches, grapes have health benefits for the body's metabolism. Wine has different types of variants, in this study there were 11 types of grape variants used consisting of Auxerrois grapes, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Noir, Resling, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah and Tempranillo. There are several ways to distinguish the types of grapes, one of which is by looking at the shape of the leaves of the tree. Grape leaves can be observed with the naked eye if people know and understand grape leaves, but if people who don't know or are still beginners don't understand grape leaves, the accuracy is not perfect because there are shapes of grape leaves that have a resemblance. To overcome this problem, an application is needed that makes it easier for the public to classify types of grapes automatically through a series of processing processes for the taste of grape leaves by recognizing the characteristics of the leaves such as the shape of the leaves. This study aims to classify types of grapes based on the shape of the leaves using the convolutional neural network (CNN) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) methods to determine the types of grapes planted based on the shape of the leaves. The test results for the CNN and KNN methods were measured using a confusion matrix and obtained a result of 99% for CNN and 53% for KNN.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grapes"

1

Hall, Geoffrey Earle. "Berry shrivel physiological, compositional and anatomical consequences affecting berry development in Vitis vinifera L. /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/G_Hall_042310.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S. in horticulture)--Washington State University, May 2010.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 7, 2010). "Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture." Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ebadi, Ali. "Effects of pre-flowering conditions of temperature and light on flower and berry development in model grapevines." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe15.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 143-167. Temperature may affect fruit-set in grapevines through its effect on the development of the flowers up to flower opening and on pollination, be it on the germination of the pollen and the growth of the pollen tube, or on the post-fertilisation growth of the ovule.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Curtis, Meilin Chung. "Good Grapes - Good Wine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1759.

Full text
Abstract:
Good grapes are required to make good wine. Quality wines start in quality vineyards. Vineyard design, installation, and operation, including site location, trellis options, vine selection, and canopy management, along with when to harvest are discussed. While winemaking is the final phase in the pursuit of the winemaker's passion, it is but a simple formula. The beginning of a good wine is in a good vineyard. This study includes a financial projection for a 10-acre vineyard as well as for starting an onsite, complementary sized winery. Even though many small-to-medium vineyards-to-wineries have started over the last decade, the reason to enter into this type of business is not profit, but passion. Profits are relatively small for the time and labor investment, but the unique wine creations that result are amazing, for the winemaker and the one who enjoys the result.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Scheper, Reiny W. A. "Studies on the biology and genetic variation of phomopsis on grapevine /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs325.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fazeli, Claudia Fariba. "Molecular detection of grapevine leafroll associated closteroviruses (GLRaVs) and the genome organisation of GLRaV-1." 1998, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf2868.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Jordan, Stephen Andrew. "Epidemiology and etiology of Eutypa dieback of grapevine and partial characterization of Eutypella vitis, a new pathogen of grapevine." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Creekmore, Cathy E., and J. L. Stroehlein. "Phosphorus Response in Wine Grapes." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215732.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Carter, Rebecca H. "Tracing the trail of table grapes: The globalization of the Sonoran table grape industry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280130.

Full text
Abstract:
At first glance, the Sonoran table grape industry may seem to fit the profile of a typical non-traditional agro-export system; and thus it might be expected that most of the generally accepted distinguishing characteristics of such systems would also be found here. However, a closer look at each link of this particular global commodity chain, and a greater appreciation of the historical precedents of the production region, reveals that individuals, rather than transnational corporations, are able to exert fairly high levels of control over the system, and reap a fair share of the benefits. Global commodity chain analysis, coupled with a political economy perspective, reveals that important changes further up the chain, at the retailing link, may in the future determine more of how table grapes are grown and distributed, and how the benefits of this production system are distributed. The analysis of changing agro-food systems is important because of their central role in determining the course of a nation and the well being of its people; in essence, as the food system goes, so goes the country. In diverse locations around the globe, food is increasingly being produced, distributed and marketed under the dictates of transnational corporations, which changes the role that nations, communities and individuals play in the global food system. Thus in recent years social scientists have been adding to the corpus of studies that constitute the political economy of the global agro-food system; this study intends to contribute to our knowledge of this important and rapidly evolving field.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Collins, Marisa Jain. "Physiological responses of field grown shiraz grapevines to partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002801.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Du, Toit Petrus Gerhardus. "The effect of partial rootzone drying on the partitioning of dry matter, carbon, nitrogen and inorganic ions of grapevines." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37954.

Full text
Abstract:
Partial rootzone drying (PRD) is an irrigation management technique designed to reduce water use in grapevines without a decline in yield, thereby increasing water–use efficiency (measured as t/ML) (WUE). The principle of PRD is to keep part of the root system at a constant drying rate to produce soil-derived signals to above–ground plant organs to induce a physiological response. Major PRD effects include a reduced canopy size and greatly increased WUE with possible improvements in fruit quality. Although we have a good understanding of the hormonal physiology of PRD, little is known on the effect of PRD on partitioning of C, N and inorganic ions such as K. This thesis broadens our knowledge on the effects of PRD on grapevine field performance, growth and dry matter accumulation as well as its effects on physiology and biochemistry. In field experiments over 3 seasons, PRD reduced water use in grapevines without a significant decline in yield. PRD effects included reduced shoot growth and greatly increased WUE. Field–grown Cabernet Sauvignon, where the PRD grapevines were irrigated at half the control rate, and Shiraz where the PRD grapevines were irrigated at same rate as controls, confirmed that PRD is not simply an irrigation strategy that applies less water, rather it alters the way in which the plant responds to its environment, e.g. PRD alters the sensitivity of the stomatal response to atmospheric conditions and significantly influence enzymes that regulate nutrient accumulation and partitioning. PRD did not change the total amount of carbon and nitrogen on a whole plant basis. However, it caused a significant partitioning of carbon and nitrogen towards trunk, roots and fruit at the expense of shoot growth. This change in partitioning occurred as a result of altered activity of the enzymes controlling the assimilation of carbon and nitrogen. PRD significantly reduced nitrate reductase (NR) activity in grapevine leaves, which catalyses the first step in the assimilation of nitrate irrespective of the amount of water applied. The reduction in NR activity is correlated with the development of the PRD cycle and the associated reduction in stomatal conductance. PRD also significantly altered grapevine sucrolytic enzyme activity that regulate source:sink relationships. PRD showed transient increases in leaf sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity (formation of sucrose) compared to control, but significantly reduced leaf neutral invertase (sucrose cleavage) and leaf starch content in both field and potted experiments. This may indicate an increased photosynthetic capacity and a reduction in its sink strength for sucrose in favor of organs such as fruit and roots. This hypothesis was reinforced by the fact that berries showed significantly higher levels in glucose and fructose early in the season. Berry sugar content and Brix at harvest however was unaffected. Although PRD had no significant effect on berry characteristics at harvest such as Brix and pH, it occasionally reduced per berry K+ content and increased total amino acid concentration that may lead to positive outcomes for wine quality. PRD–treated grapevine roots on the 'wet'– and 'drying'–sides differed greatly in enzyme activity and osmolality. PRD significantly increased osmolality in both wet and drying roots by increasing total osmolyte concentration that may facilitate the movement of water from wet to dry roots. The increases in osmolality were also associated with increased free polyamine production (spermidine and spermine) in PRD roots that may be related to increased root growth and density.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Agriculture and Wine, 2005.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Grapes"

1

Creasy, G. L., and L. L. Creasy, eds. Grapes. Wallingford: CABI, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845934019.0000.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Creasy, G. L., ed. Grapes. Wallingford: CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786391360.0000.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

L, Creasy Leroy, ed. Grapes. Cambridge, MA: CABI, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Venden, Morris L. Grapes. Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press Pub. Association, 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Banta, Susan. [Grapes]. Racine, Wis: Western Pub. Co., 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

H, Lawrence D. Grapes. Octon, France: Verdigris, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Adler, Karen A. California grapes. North Fork, Calif: Adler Publishing, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sylvester, Martin. Sour grapes. New York: Villard Books, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ferguson, Gerald. 1,000,000 grapes. Halifax, N.S: Mount Saint Vincent University, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Cooper, Natasha. Sour grapes. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Grapes"

1

Jogaiah, Satisha. "Grapes." In Abiotic Stress Physiology of Horticultural Crops, 183–205. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2725-0_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Peña-Neira, Alvaro. "Grapes." In Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals, 1041–54. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119158042.ch51.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Heppner, John B., David B. Richman, Steven E. Naranjo, Dale Habeck, Christopher Asaro, Jean-Luc Boevé, Johann Baumgärtner, et al. "Grapes." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3398–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_5012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Chervin, Christian, Julia Aked, and Carlos H. Crisosto. "Grapes." In Crop Post-Harvest: Science and Technology, 187–211. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444354652.ch9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

de Lima, Maria Auxiliadora Coêlho, Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão, Patrícia Silva Ritschel, João Dimas Garcia Maia, George Wellington Bastos de Melo, Jovani Zalamena, Henrique Pessoa dos Santos, et al. "Grapes." In Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Crops, 201–350. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003305033-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kasimatis, A. N. "Grapes and Berries: Part I-Grapes." In Irrigation of Agricultural Lands, 719–33. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr11.c41.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Fernández-Marín, Maria Isabel, Raúl F. Guerrero, Belén Puertas, María Carmen García-Parrilla, and Emma Cantos-Villar. "Functional Grapes." In Natural Products, 2581–615. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_69.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Cristina Agulheiro-Santos, Ana, Marta Laranjo, and Sara Ricardo-Rodrigues. "Table Grapes: There Is More to Vitiviniculture than Wine…" In Grapes and Wine [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99986.

Full text
Abstract:
Table grapes are fruits intended for fresh human consumption due to their sensory attributes and nutritional value. The objective of this chapter is to review the existing knowledge about table grapes, including a description of different varieties, with particular emphasis on the new highly appreciated seedless varieties. Following an introductory note on the world distribution and production of table grapes, also considering the impact of climate change, selected varieties of table grapes will be characterized in terms of their physiology, postharvest features, and consumer preferences. A morphological description of each variety, with emphasis on grape skin, grape rachis and grape cluster will be included. A final note on the drying of table grapes into raisins, and the most appropriate varieties for drying, will be given. The major changes occurring throughout the growth, development, and ripening phases of table grapes production will be discussed, regarding both physical (skin color and skin and pulp texture) and chemical (phenolic compounds, sugar content and acidity) parameters, as well as growth regulators.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Vasantha, S., A. Subramaniyan, S. V. Bakiya Lakshmi, P. Vanathi, and C. Karpaga Sundari. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN DRY BLACK AND GREEN GRAPES VITIS VINIFERA (L.) BY GC-MS." In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 10, 60–66. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bcag10p1ch5.

Full text
Abstract:
The study indented to examine the therapeutic potentials of V. vinifera through GC/MS characterization. The ethanolic extracts of Black and Green dry grapes were undergone qualitative analysis. The consequences of qualitative phytochemical analysis of black and green grapes extracts confirmed the occurrence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, phytosterol, and triterpenoids, whereas flavonoids were absent in green grapes. The black dry grape possessed Antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, Antiandrogenic, hemolytic, Alpha reductase inhibitor, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, and anti-cancer compounds. The black grapes have a special steroid compound namely Pregn-5-en-20-one, 3,16- bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, (3beta,16alpha) possessed Uterine endothelium activity. Similarly, the green dry grape showed fifteen bioactive compounds that possessed Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, anti-cancer, Hepatoprotective and Diuretic, Anti leukemia activity, Anti cataract hypolipidemic properties, and anti-larvicidal activity. In addition, male sex hormone compounds, namely Testosterone and Androst-4-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-, (17.beta.)-. The study shows that both green and black grapes possessed different bioactive especially omega fatty acids found in green grapes. These findings are essential and light up the position of dry grapes as a future supplement that could prevent detrimental outcomes. in this take look at, it turned into counseled that the consumption of purposeful food is beneficial in the prevention of numerous illnesses.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Jackson, R. S. "GRAPES." In Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2957–67. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227055-x/00570-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Grapes"

1

Starčevic, Danijela, and Tatjana Jovanovic-Cvetkovic. "KOMPARATIVNE KARAKTERISTIKE INTERSPECIES HIBRIDA VINOVE LOZE I SORTE RIZLING RAJNSKI U USLOVIMA BANJALUČKE REGIJE." In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.161s.

Full text
Abstract:
The latest generations of interspecies grapevine hybrids are increasingly attracting the attention of producers, especially due to increased production safety and reduced use of pesticides. The economic effect is evident, and the obtained product follows modern world trends in the production of safe food. The aim of this paper is to examine the technological characteristics of three varieties of Morava, Johanniter and Riesling Rhine in the conditions of the Banja Luka region. Varieties Morava and Johanniter belong to the group of interspecies hybrids. The mentioned varieties were compared with the Riesling Rhine variety, which belongs to the varieties of the noble vine and represents the standard for the comparison of the given varieties. The focus of the research was on examining the yield of varieties, the characteristics of grapes and berries, as well as the quality of grapes. Elements of the mechanical composition of grapes and berries were made according to the method of Prostoserd (1946), and the characteristics of grape juice (% Brix, titratable acidity and pH value) according to official OIV methods. The variety Johanniter had the lowest weight of grapes (73.85 g), and the variety Morava had the highest weight (128.61 g). The varieties Johanniter and Riesling Rhine had a relatively high sugar content in grape juice (22.1%), while the variety Morava had a high sugar content (25.93%).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Burovinskaya, M. V., and E. G. Yurchenko. "Harmfulness of Alternaria leaf spot on various genotypes of grape varieties." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-5.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the research was to assess the harmfulness of alternariosis on various genotypes of grape varieties. The difference in the intensity of development and spread of alternariosis in intra- and interspecific hybrids of grapes was 78.7 and 75.4 % at the end of the growing season. No harmful effect of alternariosis on the yield and quality of grapes of intraspecific hybrid (‘Sauvignon Blanc’ variety) was detected. Strong development on an interspecific hybrid (‘Bianca’ variety) led to the yield decrease by 48.6 %, and sugar content reduction – by 7.7 %.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kiseleva, Tatyana, and D. V. Rabovalyuk. "TECHNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AIMED AT PRESERVING THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF GRAPE JUICE." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-50.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Jenne, Sophie, and Hans Zappe. "Simulation of the optical properties of seedless grapes including Henyey-Greenstein scattering." In 3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/3d.2022.jtu2a.8.

Full text
Abstract:
A realistic model of seedless grapes for use in optical simulations is presented. The optical properties are determined using the inverse adding doubling technique leading to a grape model incorporating Henyey-Greenstein bulk scattering.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lafontaine, M., and M. Freund. "Improving optical fruit sorting by non-destructive determination of quality parameters affecting wine quality." In OCM 2013 - Optical Characterization of Materials. KIT Scientific Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.58895/ksp/1000032143-11.

Full text
Abstract:
The scope of this project is finding suitable parameters correlated with grape and wine composition to be implemented as a quality criteria to sort harvested grapes. Grape quality is not only defined by sugar concentration but by a complex equilibrium of parameters depending on the type of wine to be produced. Moreover, measuring berry composition is not always linked to the amount that will finally be extracted into wine. Sorting the berry according to their density and berry size showed that measuring berry size could be another good tool to segregate groups. It was possible to relate berry color with sugar accumulation and anthocyanin accumulation until berry coloration process (veraison). However, after veraison, berry color was not a suitable parameter anymore to describe differences in maturity. It was also possible to correlate berry color with aroma precursors in Riesling white grapes, showing that VIS measurements in white grapes could indeed be a possible way to sort the berries according to quality. A multiparametric optical sensor, Multiplex® (Force A, France) showed that change in simple fluorescence ratio in green excitation was correlated to sugar concentration in white berries. Two ratios showed promising results: Firstly, the NBI G indicating amino acid in berries and juice then secondly the ANTH G correlating red color pigments (anthocyanin) concentration. This will have potential to determine quality parameters and in combination with user-friendly interfaces will improve grape sorting devices.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kuskaeva, V. E. "DRIP WATERING OF GRAPES." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. ООО «ДГТУ-Принт» Адрес полиграфического предприятия: 344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина,1., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2024.326-329.

Full text
Abstract:
Grapes are a thermophilic plant, and they are grown exclusively in the south of our country. In the southern regions, insufficient precipitation falls in order to provide optimal conditions for the development and growth of grapes, and this factor directly affects the fruitfulness. In order for the grapes to produce the maximum amount of fruit, it is necessary to pay special attention to high - quality watering of grapes. Sometimes the vineyard areas are too large to use basic irrigation methods, so drip irrigation has recently been introduced. This article discusses the features of drip irrigation, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Makarkina, M. V., E. T. Ilnitskaya, and S. V. Tokmakov. "Search for Rpv3 and Rpv12 genes in genotypes of table and seedless grape varieties using DNA-markers." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.158.

Full text
Abstract:
DNA-marker analysis of grape genotypes for the presence of downy mildew resistance genes Rpv3 and Rpv12 was performed. Table and seedless grapes varieties and forms carring these resistance genes were identified according to the DNA-marker evaluation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kochurova, E. V., V. F. Pavlova, and E. A. Lebedeva. "Dynamics of mefenoxam degradation in onions, grapes and grape juice." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

White, Michael L. "Iowa: Viticulture (Grapes) 101." In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-779.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Batukaev, A. A., E. A. Sobralieva, M. S. Batukaev, and M. Sh Idrisova. "Microclonal propagation of grapes." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-59.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Grapes"

1

Engel, Eduardo. Poisoned Grapes, Mad Cow, and Protectionism. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6959.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Mensink, Manon, and Eelke Westra. Effect of 12% CO2 during storage on quality of Allison seedless table grapes from Spain: GreenCHAINge WP1 - Table Grapes. Wageningen: Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/503218.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lukasse, Leo, Manon Mensink, and Edo Wissink. A floor cover to improve temperature distribution and quality preservation in maritime refrigerated container transport of grapes : GreenCHAINge WP1 - Table Grapes. Wageningen: Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/420926.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lichter, Amnon, Susan Ebeler, and Efraim Lewinsohn. How berry enlargement practices affect the flavor of grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604275.bard.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Carpenter, Brandon H., Randall J. Vos, Gail R. Nonnecke, and Sebastian Donnor. Time of Harvest and Wine Quality of Esprit Wine Grapes. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-746.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel, and Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Reisch, Bruce, Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, and Aliza Vardi. Tissue Culture and Gene Transfer for Genetic Improvement of Grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7599656.bard.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Lichter, Amnon, David Obenland, Nirit Bernstein, Jennifer Hashim, and Joseph Smilanick. The role of potassium in quality of grapes after harvest. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597914.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Objectives: The objectives of the proposal were to study how potassium (K) enters the berry and in what tissues it accumulates, to determine what is the sensitive phenological stage that is responsive to K, to study the influence of K on sugar translocation, to determine if K has effects on expression of genes in source and sink organs and to study applied aspects of the responses to K at the vineyard level. During the research it was realized that K acts externally so a major part of the original objectives had to be deserted and new ones, i.e. the role of K in enhancing water loss from the berry, had to be developed. In addition, the US partners developed practical objectives of understanding the interaction of K application and water deficit as well as application of growth regulators. Background: In our preliminary data we showed that application of K at mid-ripening enhanced sugar accumulation of table grapes. This finding is of major implications to both early and late harvested grapes and it was essential to understand the mode of action of this treatment. Our major hypothesis was that K enters the berry and by that increases sugar translocation into the berry. In addition it was important to cover practical issues of the application which may influence its efficacy and its reproducibility. Conclusions: The major conclusion from the research was that our initial hypothesis was wrong. Mineral analysis of pulp tissue indicated that upon application of K there was a significant increase in most of the major minerals. Subsequently, we developed a new hypothesis that K acts by increasing the water loss from the berry. In vitro studies of K-treated berries corroborated this hypothesis showing greater weight-loss of treated berries. This was not necessarily expressed in the vineyard as in some experiments berry weight remained unchanged, suggesting that the vine compensated for the enhanced water loss. Importantly, we also discovered that the efficacy of different K salts was strongly correlated to the pH of the salt solution: basic K salts had better efficacy than neutral or acidic salts and modifying the pH of the same salt changed its efficacy. It was therefore suggested that K changes the properties of the cuticle making it more susceptible to water loss. Of the practical aspects it was found that application of K to the clusters was sufficient to trigger its affect and that dual application of K had a stronger effect than single application. With regard to timing, it was realized that application of K after veraison was affective and the berries responded also when ripe. While the effect of K application was significant at harvest, it was mostly insignificant one week after application, suggesting that prolonged exposure to K was required. Implications: The scientific implications of the study are that the external mineral composition of the berry may have a significant role in sugar accumulation and that water loss may have an important role in sugar accumulation in grapes. It is not entirely clear how K modulates the cuticle but according to the literature its incorporation into the cuticle may increase its polarity and facilitate generation of "water bridges" between the flesh and the environment. The practical implications of this study are very significant because realizing the mode of action of K can facilitate a much more efficient application strategy. For example, it can be understood that sprays must be directed to the clusters rather than the whole vines and it can be predicted that the length of exposure is important. Also, by increasing the pH of simple K salts, the efficacy of the treatment can be enhanced, saving in the costs of the treatment. Finally, the ability of grape growers to apply K in a safe and knowledgeable way can have significant impact on the length of the season of early grape cultivars and improve the flavor of high grape yields which may otherwise have compromised sugar levels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lichter, Amnon, Joseph L. Smilanick, Dennis A. Margosan, and Susan Lurie. Ethanol for postharvest decay control of table grapes: application and mode of action. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587217.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original objectives: Dipping of table grapes in ethanol was determined to be an effective measure to control postharvest gray mold infection caused by Botrytis cinerea. Our objectives were to study the effects of ethanol on B.cinerea and table grapes and to conduct research that will facilitate the implementation of this treatment. Background: Botrytis cinerea is known as the major pathogen of table grapes in cold storage. To date, the only commercial technology to control it relied on sulfur dioxide (SO₂) implemented by either fumigation of storage facilities or from slow release generator pads which are positioned directly over the fruits. This treatment is very effective but it has several drawbacks such as aftertaste, bleaching and hypersensitivity to humans which took it out of the GRAS list of compounds and warranted further seek for alternatives. Prior to this research ethanol was shown to control several pathogens in different commodities including table grapes and B. cinerea. Hence it seemed to be a simple and promising technology which could offer a true alternative for storage of table grapes. Further research was however required to answer some practical and theoretical questions which remained unanswered. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: In this research project we have shown convincingly that 30% ethanol is sufficient to prevent germination of B. cinerea and kill the spores. In a comparative study it was shown that Alternaria alternata is also rather sensitive but Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger are less sensitive to ethanol. Consequently, ethanol protected the grapes from decay but did not have a significant effect on occurrence of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species which are present on the surface of the berry. B. cinerea responded to ethanol or heat treatments by inducing sporulation and transient expression of the heat shock protein HSP104. Similar responses were not detected in grape berries. It was also shown that application of ethanol to berries did not induce subsequent resistance and actually the berries were slightly more susceptible to infection. The heat dose required to kill the spores was determined and it was proven that a combination of heat and ethanol allowed reduction of both the ethanol and heat dose. Ethanol and heat did not reduce the amount or appearance of the wax layers which are an essential component of the external protection of the berry. The ethanol and acetaldehyde content increased after treatment and during storage but the content was much lower than the natural ethanol content in other fruits. The efficacy of ethanol applied before harvest was similar to that of the biological control agent, Metschnikowia fructicola, Finally, the performance of ethanol could be improved synergistically by packaging the bunches in modified atmosphere films which prevent the accumulation of free water. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: It was shown that the major mode of action of ethanol is mediated by its lethal effect on fungal inoculum. Because ethanol acts mainly on the cell membranes, it was possible to enhance its effect by lowering the concentration and elevating the temperature of the treatment. Another important development was the continuous protection of the treated bunches by modified atmosphere that can solve the problem of secondary or internal infection. From the practical standpoint, a variety of means were offered to enhance the effect of the treatment and to offer a viable alternative to SO2 which could be instantly adopted by the industry with a special benefit to growers of organic grapes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Grapes' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography