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Söğütlü, İnci, Nihat Mert, Handan Mert, Leyla Mis, Halil Cumhur Yılmaz, and Kıvanç İrak. "The Effects of Grape Seed Extract on Insulin, Adiponectin and Resistin Levels in Diabetic Rats." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (April 24, 2021): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i4.709-713.4023.
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In this study, the effects of grape seed extract on insulin, adiponectin and resistin levels in diabetic rats were aimed to investigate. Weight of about 300-350g 7-8 weeks 32 female Wistar Albino rats were used. Weight of about 300-350g 7-8 weeks 32 female Wistar Albino rats randomly divided into four groups of eight each: control group (C), group with diabetes (DM), grape seed extract group (GSE), diabetes mellitus and grape seed extract group (DM+GSE). The diabetic group 45 mg/kg single dose of streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally, and the grape seed extract groups (DM+GSE and GSE) grape seed extract was given orally every day with an intragastric tube for 20 days (0.6 ml/rat). Blood samples were taken from the hearts of rat’s end of the experiment. The sera obtained were used for insulin, adiponectin and resistin analysis measured via ELISA with commercial kits. The insulin and adiponectin levels of the rats in the diabetes + grape seed extract group were found to be higher than those in the diabetes group. There was no significant change in the resistin level differences between the groups. As a result; It is possible to say that grape seed extract has an increasing effect on insulin level and adiponectin levels of diabetic rats are decreased due to diabetes and it has no significant effect on resistin levels. Detected by the positive effects of grape seed extracts, it may be useful to use for the regulating of the diabetes in human.
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Verheyen, Davy, Maria Baka, and Jan F. M. Van Impe. "Sublethal Injury Caused to Listeria monocytogenes by Natural Plant Extracts: Case Study on Grape Seed Extract and Garlic Extract." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132731.
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Natural antimicrobials, such as grape seed extract (GSE) and garlic extract (GE), are often used as (a part of) novel food preservation technologies, especially due to their antilisterial effect. However, little is known on the extent of sublethal injury (SI) these extracts cause to Listeria monocytogenes, possibly leading to overestimated efficacies for such novel technologies. The influence of both extracts on the sublethal injury of L. monocytogenes strain LMG23775 was investigated, also using propidium iodide staining to investigate the nature of the injury. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were 500 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L and 7.5 μg allicin/mL for GSE and GE, respectively. These concentrations slowed down the growth of L. monocytogenes, while only causing a significant amount of SI for GSE. Pure extracts caused inactivation of the cells, with GSE being the most effective. Sublethal injury from pure GSE was mainly caused by membrane damage. In pure GE, a significant amount of SI, not caused by membrane damage, was also present, albeit less pronounced than in pure GSE. In conclusion, both extracts cause a significant amount of sublethal injury to L. monocytogenes, which is not taken into account in relevant studies investigating novel food preservation applications involving natural plant extracts.
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Nair, Narayanan, Supriya Mahajan, Ram Chawda, Chithan Kandaswami, Thomas C. Shanahan, and Stanley A. Schwartz. "Grape Seed Extract Activates Th1 Cells In Vitro." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 9, no. 2 (March 2002): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.9.2.470-476.2002.
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ABSTRACT Although flavonoids manifest a diverse range of biological activities, including antitumor and antiviral effects, the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities await elucidation. We hypothesize that the flavonoid constituents of a proprietary grape seed extract (GSE) that contains procyandins exert significant antiviral and antitumor effects, by inducing production of the Th1-derived cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors. Our results show that GSE significantly induced the transcription of IFN-γ mRNA as demonstrated by reverse transcription-PCR but had no effect on the Th2-derived cytokine interleukin-6. The enhancing effect of GSE on IFN-γ expression was further supported by a concomitant increase in the number of cells with intracytoplasmic IFN-γ as well as the synthesis and secretion of IFN-γ. Our results demonstrate that the potentially beneficial immunostimulatory effects of GSE may be mediated through the induction of IFN-γ.
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Su, Xiaowei, and Doris H. D'Souza. "Grape Seed Extract for Control of Human Enteric Viruses." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 12 (April 15, 2011): 3982–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00193-11.
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ABSTRACTGrape seed extract (GSE) is reported to have many pharmacological benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties. However, the effect of this inexpensive rich source of natural phenolic compounds on human enteric viruses has not been well documented. In the present study, the effect of commercial GSE, Gravinol-S, on the infectivity of human enteric virus surrogates (feline calicivirus, FCV-F9; murine norovirus, MNV-1; and bacteriophage MS2) and hepatitis A virus (HAV; strain HM175) was evaluated. GSE at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/ml was individually mixed with equal volumes of each virus at titers of ∼7 log10PFU/ml or ∼5 log10PFU/ml and incubated for 2 h at room temperature or 37°C. The infectivity of the recovered viruses after triplicate treatments was evaluated by standardized plaque assays. At high titers (∼7 log10PFU/ml), FCV-F9 was significantly reduced by 3.64, 4.10, and 4.61 log10PFU/ml; MNV-1 by 0.82, 1.35, and 1.73 log10PFU/ml; MS2 by 1.13, 1.43, and 1.60 log10PFU/ml; and HAV by 1.81, 2.66, and 3.20 log10PFU/ml after treatment at 37°C with 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/ml GSE, respectively (P< 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. GSE treatment of low titers (∼5 log10PFU/ml) at 37°C also showed viral reductions. Room-temperature treatments with GSE caused significant reduction of the four viruses, with higher reduction for low-titer FCV-F9, MNV-1, and HAV compared to high titers. Our results indicate that GSE shows promise for application in the food industry as an inexpensive novel natural alternative to reduce viral contamination and enhance food safety.
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Bijak, Michal, Agnieszka Sut, Anna Kosiorek, Joanna Saluk-Bijak, and Jacek Golanski. "Dual Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Activity of Polyphenolic Grape Seeds Extract." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010093.
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Because of the side-effects of commonly used anti-platelet and anticoagulant drugs, investigations into plant substances with similar activities are very common. Based on our own studies in recent years, we estimate that it is possible to use natural compounds to both inhibit coagulation pathway enzymes and to reduce blood platelets’ activation. As such, in our current study we wanted to verify the anti-platelet and anticoagulant properties of grape seed extract (GSE) using in vitro models. During our analysis, the following parameters were analyzed: Coagulation times, thromboelastometry assays (coagulation time, clot formation time and maximum clot firmness), aggregation of platelets and phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation was lower in GSE 7.5 µg/mL as well as in GSE 15.0 µg/mL. A similar dependence was observed in VASP assays for GSE 7.5 µg/mL and GSE 15 µg/mL. The effect on plasma coagulation tests was distinct only with GSE 15 µg/mL. All of the thromboelastometry variables were statistically significant with 15.0 µg/mL GSE concentration. Our results show, for the first time, the multi-potential effect of grape seed extract on coagulation systems, and clearly suggest that grape seed extract could be considered a promising nutraceutical in the prevention of cardiovascular thrombotic events caused by different mechanisms.
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Alomair, Manar Khalid, Amjad Abdullah Alobaid, Marwah Abdulaziz Ali Almajed, Lama Salman Alabduladheem, Essraa Abdulrahman Alkhalifah, Maged Elsayed Mohamed, and Nancy Safwat Younis. "Grape Seed Extract and Urolithiasis: Protection Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation." Pharmacognosy Magazine 19, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09731296221145069.
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Background Grape seed extract (GSE) has demonstrated various pharmacological actions. Urolithiasis is the occurrence of calculus in the renal system. The present study evaluated the anti-urolithic effect of GSE on ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC)-induced experimental urolithiasis in rats. Materials and Methods Rats were assigned into six groups; Normal control and Normal + GSE, in which rats received standard drinking water and GSE orally daily, respectively; Urolithiatic animals received EG with AC in drinking water for 28 days; Urolithiatic animals + GSE, in which rats were administered EG with AC in drinking water and GSE 100 and 200 mg/kg orally; and Urolithiatic + cystone, where rats received EG with AC in drinking water and 750 g/kg of cystone as a standard drug orally. Results Urolithiatic animals showed a significant decrease in excreted magnesium and citrate and antioxidant enzymes, whereas they exhibited amplified oxalate crystal numbers, urinary excreted calcium, phosphate, oxalate ions, uric acid, intensified renal function parameters, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory mediators. Management with GSE and cystone significantly augmented urolithiasis inhibitors (excreted magnesium and citrate) and amplified the antioxidant enzymes’ activities. GSE reduced oxalate crystal numbers and urolithiasis promoters, including excreted calcium, oxalate, phosphate, and uric acid excretion, lessened renal function parameters, and declined lipid peroxidation and the inflammatory mediators. Conclusion GSE could protect against EG-induced renal stones as evidenced by mitigated kidney dysfunction, histological alterations, and oxalate crystal formation. This action may be related to the antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts.
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DIMITRIU, TUDOR, ZSOFIA DARADICS, SOIMITA SUCIU, ADRIAN CIMPEAN, CORNEL CATOI, GABRIEL ARMENCEA, GRIGORE BACIUT, and MIHAELA BACIUT. "The effects of a grape seed extract on ligature induced – periodontitis in rats – an experimental study." Romanian Biotechnological Letters 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 2347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25083/rbl/26.1/2347.2354.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of administering a grape seed extract, rich in polyphenols in an experimental model of ligature induced periodontitis in rats. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats were divided into Control group, Ligature group and Grape seed extract (GSE) group. Periodontitis was induced by placing a wire ligature around the first mandibular molar for 4 weeks. The animals in the GSE group were administered grape seed extract by gavage. In days 1, 7 and 28 blood samples were taken and in day 28 the hemimandibles were harvested and sent for histological examination. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in serum and in gingival tissue. Results: Significantly higher values of MDA were found in serum and periodontium in the Ligature group in comparison to the GSE group. GSE administration resulted in an increase of GSH plasma concentration in the GSE group as compared to the Control and Ligature groups. In the GSE group inflammation and bone involvement were less marked than in the Ligature group. Conclusions: The grape seed extract proved protective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in a ligature-induced experimental model of periodontitis in rats and also improved the histological status of gingival tissue and bone.
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Muhaisen, Ahmed Hasan, and Ahmed Chaloob Saddam. "The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Lipid Profile in Diabetic Mice." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1214, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1214/1/012027.
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Abstract The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of Grape Seed extracts (GSE) from three grape cultivars (Ahmer, Halawani, and Kamali) grown in Iraq as well as pomace on lipid profile in diabetic mice. Fifty adult female mice were divided into five groups. Negative control (untreatment), positive control (treated) diabetic, and diabetic mice treated with GSE. After six weeks; serum and liver tissue homogenate parameters were evaluated. HPLC results showed that Ahmer (red grape seeds) has highest concentration of proanthocyanidins polymers catechine, procyanidin, and epicatechine (796, 170, and 244) μg/g, respectively For that it was chosen for mice dosage, while the lowest amounts were in pomace 489, 99, and 143 μg/g, respectively. Oral dose of grape seed natural extract (600 mg/kg/day) reduced the level of lipid profile: TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL, (106.83±2.13, 84.66±4.27,13.83±1.16 and 21.33±1.21) respectively, except HDL which respectively was increased to 76.33±1.03. GSE were normalized the elevated levels of kidneys and liver functions. Similarly, Liver histological analysis shows that GSE groups exhibited morphology near to that of the control group.
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Mandic, Anamarija, Sonja Djilas, Jasna Canadanovic-Brunet, Gordana Cetkovic, and Jelena Vulic. "Antioxidant activity of white grape seed extracts on DPPH radicals." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 40 (2009): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0940053m.
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Composition and antioxidant activity of grape seed extract (GSE) obtained from red grape varietes are very well documented, in contrast to the white varietes. This paper presents the results of polyphenols content of ethyl acetate extract of grape seeds, obtained from two white grape varieties, Italian Riesling and Zupljanka, and their antioxidant activity on the stable DPPH radical. The influence of the addition of GSE to raspberry juice on the DPPH radical was also examined. Content of total polyphenols in GSEs ranged between 81.6 and 82.8% (w/w), and the contetn of flavan-3-ols between 66.2 and 91.0% (w/w). HPLC results showed that the most abundant components in the extract were (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin for both grape varieties. All tested GSEs exhibited good antioxidant activity. IC50 values for the GSEs of Italian Riesling and Zupljanka were 0.79 and 0.95 mg sample/mg DPPH radical, respectivelly. Since the GSE of Italian Riesling possesed stronger antioxidant activity, it was used for further experiments. The IC50 value for raspberry juice was 4.18 mg raspberry juice/mg DPPH. The raspberry juice with addition of 0.60 ?g/mL of GSE showed antioxidant activity of 39.2%. The same juice with the threefold concentration of vitamin C (1.81 ?g/ml) exhibited similar antioxidant activity (33.9%). Antioxidant activity of the same amount of juice without added antioxidants was lower (15.7%). The results showed that the GSE of white varietes could be considered as a good functional food ingredient.
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Edirisinghe, Indika, Britt Burton-Freeman, and C. Tissa Kappagoda. "Mechanism of the endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by a grape seed extract." Clinical Science 114, no. 4 (January 15, 2008): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20070264.
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GSEs (grape seed extracts) which contain polyphenolic compounds cause an endothelium-dependent relaxation of blood vessels. The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms involved in this response. A well-characterized GSE was applied to rabbit aortic rings suspended in organ baths containing Krebs–Henseleit buffer maintained at 37 °C. In aortic rings pre-contacted with noradrenaline (norepinephrine), the extract produced a dose-dependent relaxation. The maximum relaxations elicited by the extract (71.9±1.0%) were similar to those elicited by acetylcholine (64.2±1.5%) (n=12 for each). As expected, the relaxations were abolished by removal of the endothelium and by prior incubation with L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), confirming the essential role of eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) in the response. The responses to the GSE were also abolished by incubation with wortmannin and LY294002, which are inhibitors of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase). These compounds had no effect on the responses to acetylcholine. Using immunoblotting, we also demonstrated that the GSE induced the phosphorylation of both Akt and eNOS in HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). Finally, the extract was modified by methylation of the hydroxy groups in the polyphenolic groups and was applied to the aortic rings. The modified extract failed to cause a relaxation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by the GSE was mediated by activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway through a redox-sensitive mechanism, resulting in phosphorylation of eNOS.
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Adel Alkhedaide, Adel, Gehan Youssef, Rabab El-Zoghby, Mohamed Mahmoud, and Shimaa Atwa. "Cadmium induced hepatic intoxication and amelioration by grape seed extract." International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 6, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v6i1.8555.
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Cadmium (Cd) is wide-spread toxic metal that pollutes most of the vegetables, which eaten by numerous populations all over the world. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the protective and prophylactic effects of the antioxidant materials in the grape seed extract (GSE) on the hepatic intoxication induced by cadmium chloride toxic material in male Wistar rats. Male adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Control group fed on balanced diet and given drinking water. Group two (control positive) given CdCl2 in the dose of 0.44 mg/kg body weight (BW) by stomach tube daily. Group three given grape seed extract GSE in the dose of (100 mg/kg BW) daily by stomach tube. Finally, the fourth group gave mixture of (GSE and CdCl2) by stomach tube in the recommended dose. Blood and liver tissues were collected for further biochemical and histopathological studies. CdCl2 significantly increased the serum levels of malondialdehyde, ALT and AST. Cadmium administration decreased levels of antioxidants (Catalase, GSH-R and GSH-Px). The liver of the control positive groups which given CdCl2 showed degenerative changes in the form of vacuolar and hydropic degeneration. Congestion was evident in the central vein and proliferation of the kupffer cells. These hepatic biochemical and degenerative changes were ameliorated by the co addition of GSE.
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Belviranlı, Muaz, Hakkı Gökbel, Nilsel Okudan, and Kemal Başaralı. "Effects of grape seed extract supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 2 (October 20, 2011): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511005496.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation on exercise performance and oxidative stress in acutely and chronically exercised rats. A total of sixty-four male rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into six groups: control, chronic exercise control, acute exercise control (AEC), GSE-supplemented control, GSE-supplemented chronic exercise and GSE-supplemented acute exercise groups. Chronic exercise consisted of treadmill running at 25 m/min, 45 min/d, 5 d a week for 6 weeks. Rats in the acute exercise groups were run on the treadmill at 30 m/min until exhaustion. GSE were given at 100 mg/kg of body weight with drinking water for 6 weeks. Plasma was separated from blood samples for the analysis of oxidative stress markers. There was no significant difference in time of exhaustion between the acute exercise groups. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher in the acute exercise groups and lower in the chronic exercise groups. GSE supplementation decreased MDA levels. Xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase activities were higher in the AEC group compared to all the other groups. NO levels were increased with both chronic exercise and GSE supplementation. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were lower in the acute exercised groups and higher in the chronic exercised groups. GSE supplementation caused an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. In conclusion, GSE supplementation prevents exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Kudkyal, Vyankatesh Raml, Iori Matsuura, Hiroaki Hiramatsu, Kyoko Hayashi, and Toshio Kawahara. "Phenol Derivatives Obtained from Grape Seed Extract Show Virucidal Activity against Murine Norovirus." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 7739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227739.
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Human noroviruses are the most common pathogens known to cause acute gastroenteritis, a condition that can lead to severe illness among immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients and the elderly. To date, no safe and effective vaccines or therapeutic agents have been approved for treating norovirus infections. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate the virucidal activity of grape seed extract (GSE), which contains >83% proanthocyanidins, against murine norovirus (MNV), a surrogate for human norovirus. GSE showed virucidal activity against MNV in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Atomic force microscopic analysis showed viral particle aggregates after treatment of MNV with GSE. MNV treated with 50 µg/mL of GSE for 10 min resulted in the absence of pathogenicity in an animal model of infection, indicating that GSE has irreversible virucidal activity against MNV particles. Thus, GSE may aid in the development of treatments for norovirus infections.
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Elgendi, Huda, and Mai Hamdy. "Antimicrobial Potential of Grape Seed Extract and MTA: A Comparative Experimental Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (May 22, 2022): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8318.
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AIM: This study aims to evaluate and compare the antibacterial potential of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and grape seed extract (GSE) against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staph aureus, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus spp., and Streptococcus sobrinus. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that GSE could have potent antimicrobial effect against oral pathogens when compared to MTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MTA and GSE were utilized to determine the antibacterial effectiveness against S. mutans, E. faecalis, S. aureus, C. albicans, Lactobacillus spp. and S. sobrinus using the agar well diffusion test. The tested materials were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions and put into the prepared wells of agar plates; diluted inocula (105 and 106 CFU/ml) of the tested microorganism strains were also used. For bacteria, all plates were incubated at 37°C in anaerobic conditions, and for C. albicans, at 30°C. The inhibitory zones were determined after 3 days. A digital caliper was used to measure the diameter of bacterial inhibition zones surrounding each well to the nearest size in mm. RESULTS: GSE-created inhibition zones against all tested microorganisms except C. albicans, zones were significantly larger than MTA-created zones (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both MTA and GSE showed antimicrobial effect against all tested microorganisms except C. albicans, which will pave the route to use GSE as a natural herbal substitute of MTA.
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Wardojo, Sonny Prasetyo, Ratna Meidyawati, and Munyati Usman. "INFLUENCE OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT SOLUTION ON MICROLEAKAGE BETWEEN COMPOSITE RESIN AND DENTIN." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9 (October 30, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s1.09_10.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of grape seed extract (GSE) solution as dentin biomodification on microleakagebetween composite resin and dentin.Methods: A total of 52 dentin specimens were divided into two groups. Group 1 involved the application of GSE solution for 30 seconds after etching.Group 2 served as the control group.Results: The GSE solution group significantly increases microleakage between the composite resin and dentin compared to the control group.Conclusions: The application of GSE solution after etching can increase microleakage between composite resin and dentin.
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Benjamin, Shiny, Roshni LNU, Sabeena Susan Thomas, and Mohan Thomas Nainan. "Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 4 (2012): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1162.
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ABSTRACT Objective Remineralization is an effective treatment that may stop or reverse early tooth decay. Grape seed extract (GSE) is the potential remineralizing agent under investigation. Materials and methods Sound human tooth sections were obtained from the cervical portion of the root and stored in demineralizing solution at 37°C for 96 hours to induce artificial root caries lesions. The sections were divided into four treatment groups including 6.5% grape seed extract, sodium monofluorophosphate (220 ppm) with 0.05% calcium glycerophosphate, 0.5% calcium glycerophosphate and control (no treatment). An in vitro pH cycling model was used to cycle the demineralized specimens through treatment solutions, acidic buffer and neutral buffer for 8 days at 6 cycles per day. Subsequently, they were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscope. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results GSE revealed less demineralization and more remineralization compared with other groups. Conclusion GSE promotes remineralization of artificial root caries lesions. Clinical significance The search for the perfect remineralizing agent continues to this day. GSE could be a welcome addition to the remineralization armamentarium. Abbreviations and acronyms GSE: Grape seed extract; ppm: Parts per million; CaGP: Calcium glycerophosphate; CLSM: Confocal laser scanning microscope; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; PA: Proanthocyanidin; CEJ: Cementoenamel junction; mM: Millimole; CaCl2.2H2O: Calcium chloride dihydrate; KH2PO4: Potassium dehydrate phosphate; K2HPO4: Dipotassium phosphate; dH2O: Deionized water; w/v: Weight by volume; ROD: Relative optical density; nm: Nanometer; SD: Standard deviation. How to cite this article Benjamin S, Roshni, Thomas SS, Nainan MT. Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):425-430.
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Çetin, Aysun, Leylagul Kaynar, Ismail Kocyigit, Sibel Kabukcu Hacioglu, Recep Saraymen, Ahmet Ozturk, Ismail Sari, and Osman Sagdic. "Role of Grape Seed Extract on Methotrexate Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 36, no. 05 (January 2008): 861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x08006302.
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The efficacy of methotrexate (MTX), a widely used cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, is often limited by its severe hepatotoxicity. Regarding the mechanisms of these adverse effects, several hypotheses have been put forward, among which oxidative stress is noticeable. The present study was undertaken to determine whether grape seed extract (GSE), a new natural free radical scavenger, could ameliorate the MTX-induced oxidative injury in the rat liver. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Each group consisted of 12 animals. MTX-GSE group: rats were given GSE (100mg/kg body weight) orally for 15 days, and a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was added on the 10th day. MTX group: these received placebo distilled water (orally) instead of GSE for 15 days and the same MTX protocol applied to this group on the 10th day. Control group: rats were given distilled water (orally) through 15 days and physiological saline (intraperitoneally) instead of MTX was administered on the 10th day in a similar manner. On the 16th day, liver tissue samples were obtained under deep anaesthesia. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, and the activities of süperoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), two important endogenous antioxidants, were evaluated in the tissue homogenates. MTX administration increased the MDA level and decreased the SOD and CAT activities in the liver homogenates ( p < 0.001), while these alterations were significantly reversed by GSE treatment ( p < 0.001). MTX led to significantly reduced whole blood count parameters ( p < 0.05). When GSE was supplemented, no significant changes in blood count parameters were noted. It appears that GSE protects the rat liver and inhibits methotrexate-induced oxidative stress. These data indicate that GSE may be of therapeutic benefit when used with MTX.
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Wang, Cuntang, Xuanzhe An, Yueyi Lu, Ziyu Li, Zengming Gao, and Shengxin Tian. "Biodegradable Active Packaging Material Containing Grape Seed Ethanol Extract and Corn Starch/κ-Carrageenan Composite Film." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 4857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224857.
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An active film composed of corn starch/κ-carrageenan and ethanolic grape seed extract (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt% of GSE on corn starch basis) were successfully prepared using the solvent casting technique. The effects of the different concentrations of ethanolic grape seed extract (GSE) on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial properties of CS/κC films were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of GSE inhibited the recrystallization of starch in the composite film. The glass transition temperature of composite film is 121.65 °C. With the addition of GSE, the surface roughness of the composite film increased, and the cross-section displayed a stratification phenomenon. Meanwhile, when GSE was added to the composite film, the tensile strength of the composite film decreased (3.50 ± 0.27 MPa), the elongation at break increased (36.87 ± 2.08%), and the WVP increased (1.58 ± 0.03 g mm/m2·d· kPa). With the increase of the concentration of GSE in the composite film, the a* value and b* value of the composite film increase, the L* value decreases, and the opacity increases. The lipid oxidation test proved that the composite films containing 1% GSE has a significant inhibitory effect on the oxidation of lard (p < 0.05). The above results indicate that the GSE can be used as a food-grade packaging material and has a good application prospect in the food industry.
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Fandy, Sharon Jessica. "GRAPE SEED EXTRACT’S NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.mnj.2023.009.01.9.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurological disease globally, only second to Alzheimer’s disease. One of the emerging treatments for PD is nutraceuticals. Grape seed extract (GSE) has a high concentration of polyphenolic compounds possessing antioxidant and neuroprotective capacity that may be valuable for neurodegenerative diseases. So far, there is no review summarizing the neuroprotective effect of GSE on PD, even though it is crucial to provide an insight into GSE as a potential natural treatment for PD. This systematic review aims to summarize the neuroprotective effect of grape seed extract (GSE) in Parkinson’s Disease in vivo and in vitro and their mechanism. The author performed a literature search using PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Sinta, and Garuda databases with keywords comprising “Neuroprotective”, “Grape Seed,” and “Parkinson’s disease.” Out of 1611 studies retrieved, 20 articles fit the inclusion criteria and became the basis for this review. The author analyzed and extracted the records regarding the neuroprotective effect and potential anti-PD properties from the studies. The analysis summarized that GSE could significantly improve the biological hallmarks of PD with numerous mechanisms, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, protection of dopaminergic neurons, anti-amyloid effect, anti-apoptotic, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Although the precise mechanism underlying PD is still elusive, treatment should target not only a single cause of PD but instead several pathways that could lead to the disease. In conclusion, GSE should be considered a potential nutraceutical in clinical trials to prevent and alleviate Parkinson’s disease by multiple mechanisms.
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Locilento, Danilo A., Luiza A. Mercante, Rafaela S. Andre, Luiz H. C. Mattoso, Genoveva L. F. Luna, Patricia Brassolatti, Fernanda de F. Anibal, and Daniel S. Correa. "Biocompatible and Biodegradable Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes Loaded with Grape Seed Extract for Wound Dressing Application." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (March 6, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2472964.
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The development of nanofibrous membranes with tunable wettability, degradation, and biocompatibility is highly keen for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and wound dressing. In this study, biocompatible and biodegradable nanofibrous membranes with antioxidant properties were successfully prepared by the electrospinning technique. The membranes were developed using polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the matrix, with the addition of grape seed extract (GSE), a rich source of natural antioxidants. The nanofibrous membranes were thoroughly characterized both from the materials and from the biocompatibility point of view. PLA and PLA/PEO nanofibers showed high encapsulation efficiency, close to 90%, while the encapsulated GSE retained its antioxidant capacity in the membranes. In vitro release studies showed that GSE diffuses from PLA/GSE and PLA/PEO/GSE membranes in a Fickian diffusion manner, whose experimental data were well fitted using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Furthermore, a higher controlled release of GSE was observed for the PLA/PEO/GSE membrane. Moreover, culturing experiments with human foreskin fibroblast (HFF1) cells demonstrated that all samples are biocompatible and showed that the GSE-loaded PLA/PEO nanofibrous membranes support better cell attachment and proliferation compared to the PLA/GSE nanofibrous membranes, owing to the superior hydrophilicity. In summary, the results suggested that the GSE-loaded membranes are a promising topical drug delivery system and have a great potential for wound dressing applications.
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Vural, Simge, and Zeynep Ökte. "Comparison of the Effectiveness of Fluoride versus Grape Seed Extract in Biomimetic Remineralization of Dentin." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 76, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.01.14.
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This study aims to compare the remineralization efficiency of grape seed extract versus fluoride in artificial carious dentin lesions in the biomimetic remineralization procedure. One hundred and twelve extracted impacted human teeth were demineralized for 10 days and divided into 4 groups. Demineralization group (DM), remineralization group (RM group), remineralization fluoride group (RM F), remineralization grape seed extract group (RM GSE). Demineralization (DM) group were stored in physiological saline after demineralization. RM F was kept in 1000 ppm fluorine solution and RM GSE was kept in 6.5% grape seed extract for 10 min. RM, RM F, RM GSE groups were stored in simulated body fluid (SBF) with biomimetic analogues and Portland cement discs for 6 weeks. The specimens were evaluated by microhardness test, elasticity modulus measurement, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Kruskal–Wallis H test with Bonferroni correction was used for between-group comparisons. Microhardness and elasticity modulus values differed significantly among the groups, with the highest values in the RM-GSE group, followed by the RM-F group, RM group, and DM group. SEM images showed granular structure formations in the RM-GSE and RM-F groups. It is concluded that although remineralization can occur by mineral precipitation in structures with high organic matrix density such as dentin, the collagen structure must be supported to increase the degree of remineralization.
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Yang, Chenlu, Xuelin Tian, Yulei Han, Xueqing Shi, Hua Wang, and Hua Li. "Extracts of Dunkelfelder Grape Seeds and Peel Increase the Metabolic Rate and Reduce Fat Deposition in Mice Maintained on a High-Fat Diet." Foods 12, no. 17 (August 29, 2023): 3251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12173251.
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Chronic high-fat diet intake may induce obesity and increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. The pomace of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is rich in polyphenols, which are candidates for anti-obesity therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Dunkelfelder grape seed extract (GSE) and grape peel extract (GPE) on lipid and energy metabolism disorders in mice maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD). Male nine-week C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups, namely, the normal chow diet (ND), HFD, HFD plus GSE (400 mg/kg BW) administered by oral gavage, or HFD plus GPE (400 mg/kg BW) administered by oral gavage. There were eight mice per group, and the experiment was 14 weeks in duration. The results showed that GSE and GPE treatments did not affect energy intake in mice on a high-fat diet, but body weight gain was 24.5% and 17.3% lower in the GSE- and GPE-treated mice than in the HFD group, respectively. They also decreased blood triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and fasting blood glucose levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, GSE and GPE reduced adipose tissue weight and excessive lipid droplet accumulation in the adipocytes. The metabolic chamber test showed that the GSE and GPE treatments enhanced oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and heat release while decreasing the respiratory exchange rate (RER). This suggests that GSE and GPE augmented fuel oxidation and energy generation and increased the proportion of lipids being utilized in energy metabolism. GSE and GPE also upregulated the genes controlling lipolysis and downregulated those controlling lipogenesis in adipose tissues. Moreover, they significantly increased the expression levels of the genes regulating thermogenesis in BAT, eWAT, and iWAT, and mitochondrial biogenesis in all three types of adipose tissue. In conclusion, the present study empirically demonstrated that GSE and GPE enhance body fat utilization by augmenting lipid and energy metabolism and could, therefore, ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Coelho, Maria Carolina, Viviann Ruocco Vetucci, Roger Rodrigo Fernandes, Paula Katherine Vargas Sanchez, Selma Siessere, and Karina Fittipaldi Bombonato-Prado. "Low concentrations of grape seed extract maintain osteoblast morphology, cell adhesion, and mineralization." Brazilian Dental Journal 34, no. 2 (March 2023): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202304987.
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Abstract The increase in life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of osteoporosis, characterized by an imbalance in bone remodeling. Several drugs are used for its treatment, but most promote undesirable side effects. The present investigation evaluated the effects of two low concentrations of grape seed extract (GSE) rich in proanthocyanidins on MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in an osteogenic medium and divided into control (C), 0.1 µg/mL GSE (GSE0.1), and 1.0 µg/mL GSE (GSE1.0) groups to evaluate cell morphology, adhesion, and proliferation, in situ alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection, mineralization and immunolocalization of osteopontin (OPN). The data obtained were analyzed by statistical tests for a significance of 5%. Cell morphology was maintained with both GSE concentrations, whereas cell adhesion significantly increased within three days in all groups. Cell proliferation increased significantly at seven days of culture, followed by a significant decrease in all experimental periods, with no statistical difference among them. In situ detection of ALP and mineralization increased with time, but within each period, no statistical differences among groups were observed. The expression of osteopontin was distributed regularly with more intensity after 24 hours in the GSE0.1 group. After three days, OPN expression was more intense in the control group, followed by GSE0.1 and GSE1.0 groups. Data obtained suggest that low concentrations of GSE do not affect the morphology and may stimulate the functional activity of osteoblastic cells.
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Nho, Hosung, and Kyung-Ae Kim. "Effects of Grape Seed Extract Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Endurance Performance in Basketball Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 14223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114223.
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While dietary polyphenols supplements can improve endothelial function and blood flow to exercise, the effects of chronic supplementation with grape seed extract (GSE) containing a high dose of polyphenols on endurance performance are not known. Accordingly, in 12 elite athletes, we compared the effects of both GSE and placebo (PL) on submaximal VO2, time to exhaustion performance, and endothelial function during progressive cycling exercise for 14 days. Endothelial function was evaluated from the brachial artery via flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Compared to PL, GSE decreased submaximal VO2 at 80% and 120% of VO2peak and increased the time to exhaustion (p < 0.05). GSE also resulted in FMD-induced increase in brachial artery diameter (14.4 ± 5.2% vs. 17.6 ± 4.5%, p = 0.035). We demonstrated that chronic supplementation with GSE improved endurance performance and these effects may partially be due to vasodilation in active skeletal muscle mediated by enhanced endothelial function. Thus, our results suggest that GSE appears to be an ergogenic nutraceutical that can improve exercise performance in elite athletes.
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Chen, Huiyuan, Jifu Zhen, Zhaoliang Wu, Xiaomin Li, Shimin Liu, Zhiru Tang, and Zhihong Sun. "Grape seed extract and chromium nicotinate reduce impacts of heat stress in Simmental × Qinchuan steers." Animal Production Science 59, no. 10 (2019): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17152.
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To assess the impacts of grape seed extract (GSE) fed with or without chromium nicotinate (CN) on beef steers under heat stress conditions, 40 Simmental × Qinchuan steers (400 ± 10 days old; 410 ± 8.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four diets (n = 10 per group): basal diet (CON group); basal diet + 33 mg/day CN (CN group); basal diet + 65 mg/kg DM GSE (GSE group); and basal diet + 33 mg/day CN + 65 mg/kg DM GSE (CN + GSE group). This study was conducted in summer and the steers were housed in outdoor shaded pens (10 steers/pen) and fed individually. The experiment lasted for 35 days, the first 7 days for diet and housing condition adaptation. The amount of feed intake was recorded daily; individual bodyweight was recorded on Days 8, 22, and 36. On Day 36 before feeding, six steers per group were slaughtered for collection of blood and tissue samples. Average daily liveweight gain and dry matter intake of steers were increased by the GSE, CN, and CN + GSE treatments (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase in plasma (P < 0.05) and plasma concentration of interleukin 10 on Days 22 and 36 (P < 0.05), whereas decreased plasma concentration of tumour necrosis factor-α on Day 22 (P < 0.05). Overall, supplementation of GSE alone or with CN had positive effects on the growth performance of steers under heat stress conditions.
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Pažarauskaitė, Akvilė, Estefanía Noriega Fernández, Izumi Sone, Morten Sivertsvik, and Nusrat Sharmin. "Combined Effect of Citric Acid and Polyphenol-Rich Grape Seed Extract towards Bioactive Smart Food Packaging Systems." Polymers 15, no. 14 (July 21, 2023): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143118.
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Alginate films (2% w·v−1) were prepared with varying concentrations (5–20% w/w) of citric acid and aqueous grape seed extract (GSE) filtrate (11.66 ± 1.32 g GAE/L) using the solvent-evaporation method. Crosslinking alginate via ester bonds (FTIR analysis) with citric acid up to 10% (w/w) led to a 33% increase in tensile strength, a 34% reduction in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and had no impact on elongation at break. Crosslinking alginate with citric acid in the presence of GSE increased the tensile strength by 17%, decreased WVTR by 21%, and significantly improved DPPH scavenging activity. Moreover, after incubation for 24 h at 37 °C, the film-forming solutions exhibited increased antimicrobial activity, resulting in 0.5- and 2.5-log reductions for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, compared to the values obtained without the addition of GSE. The stronger inhibitory effect observed against Gram-positive bacteria can be attributed to the unique composition and structure of their cell walls, which creates a barrier that restricts the penetration of polyphenols into the cells. The pH adjustment of the GSE film-forming solution from 2.0 to 10.0 shifted the UV/VIS absorption spectra, resulting in a colour change from yellow to red. The findings of this study have showcased the potential of combining GSE and citric acid to enhance the functionality and bioactivity of alginate films for applications in smart food packaging.
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Huber, Kristen L., José R. Fernández, Corey Webb, Karl Rouzard, Jason Healy, Masanori Tamura, Jeffry B. Stock, Maxwell Stock, and Eduardo Pérez. "AGSE: A Novel Grape Seed Extract Enriched for PP2A Activating Flavonoids That Combats Oxidative Stress and Promotes Skin Health." Molecules 26, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 6351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216351.
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Environmental stimuli attack the skin daily resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. One pathway that regulates oxidative stress in skin involves Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a phosphatase which has been previously linked to Alzheimer’s Disease and aging. Oxidative stress decreases PP2A methylation in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Thus, we hypothesize agents that increase PP2A methylation and activity will promote skin health and combat aging. To discover novel inhibitors of PP2A demethylation activity, we screened a library of 32 natural botanical extracts. We discovered Grape Seed Extract (GSE), which has previously been reported to have several benefits for skin, to be the most potent PP2A demethylating extract. Via several fractionation and extraction steps we developed a novel grape seed extract called Activated Grape Seed Extract (AGSE), which is enriched for PP2A activating flavonoids that increase potency in preventing PP2A demethylation when compared to commercial GSE. We then determined that 1% AGSE and 1% commercial GSE exhibit distinct gene expression profiles when topically applied to a 3D human skin model. To begin to characterize AGSE’s activity, we investigated its antioxidant potential and demonstrate it reduces ROS levels in NHDFs and cell-free assays equal to or better than Vitamin C and E. Moreover, AGSE shows anti-inflammatory properties, dose-dependently inhibiting UVA, UVB and chemical-induced inflammation. These results demonstrate AGSE is a novel, multi-functional extract that modulates methylation levels of PP2A and supports the hypothesis of PP2A as a master regulator for oxidative stress signaling and aging in skin.
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Cuevas, Vivian Molina, Yazmín Ravelo Calzado, Yohani Pérez Guerra, Ambar Oyarzábal Yera, Sonia Jiménez Despaigne, Rosa Mas Ferreiro, and Daisy Carbajal Quintana. "Effects of Grape Seed Extract, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E on Ethanol- and Aspirin-Induced Ulcers." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/740687.
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Effects of GSE and vitamins C and E on aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and associated increases of lipid peroxidation in rats were compared. Two experiments were conducted. Rats were randomized into eight groups: a negative control and seven groups that received aspirin or ethanol for ulcer induction: one positive control (vehicle) and six with VC, VE, or GSE (25 and 250 mg/kg). Ulcer indexes and gastric levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified. VC, VE, and GSE (25 and 250 mg/kg) decreased aspirin, and ethanol-induced ulcers and MDA values compared with positive control group. The magnitude of aspirin ulcer reduction was comparable for all treatments, and MDA decrease with GSE was higher than with VC and tended to be greater, albeit none significantly, than with VE. GSE was more effective than VC and VE for lowering the ethanol ulcers, while the decrease of MDA levels with GSE was greater than with VC, but comparable to that achieved with VE. GSE protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers more effectively than VC or VE, while its protection against aspirin ulcers was comparable for all treatments. GSE produced the greatest reductions of gastric MDA in both models.
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Abdulhussein Al-maqasisi, Luhaib, and Firas Rashad Al-Samarai. "Effect of the cold plasma and aqueous grape seeds extract on sensory qualities of minced beef." Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (June 18, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59658/jkas.v10i2.1181.
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Cold plasma technology has developed in recent decades as a method of processing meat that functions as a bacteriostatic and bactericide, and it is used to treat meat as a non-thermal technique to preserve the sensory qualities of meat. Yet, one of the disadvantages of this approach is lipid oxidation. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of aqueous grape seed extract at a (1%) concentration after spraying it onto meat (100 ml/kg) and then treating it with cold plasma (plasma jet) using argon gas at a frequency of 23 kHz, a voltage of 150 kV, a distance of 2 cm, and a time of 5 minutes, as well as to demonstrate the extent of its effect on the sensory evaluation (penal test) of meat at 4 ℃ for 12 days. We separated 100 samples of minced beef into three groups. Group (1)- Control (Con), group (2)-Cold plasma (Cp), group (3)-Grape seeds extract (GSE), and group (4)-Cold plasma mixed Grape seed extract (CP+GSE): Each group has 25 samples, and all parameters were measured. In conclusion, up until the end of the storage period at 4 °C, an analysis of sensory quality revealed that the beef samples treated with GSE and Cp+GSE, respectively, had the highest panel test score.
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Sochorova, Lenka, Mojmir Baron, Katerina Dadakova, Tomas Kasparovsky, and Jiri Sochor. "Health Beneficial Properties of Grapevine Seed Extract and Its Influence on Selected Biochemical Markers in the Blood, Liver and Kidneys of Rattus norvegicus." Molecules 26, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072099.
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Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs in all areas of the environment, including the food chain. In the body, it causes oxidative stress by producing free radicals that are harmful to the cells. Grape seed extract (GSE) contains a wide range of biologically active components that help to neutralize the adverse effects of free radicals. In this study, the effects of GSE prepared form semi-resistant grapevine cultivar Cerason, which is rich in phenolics, on biochemical markers of brown rats exposed to the effects of cadmium were monitored. GSE increased the plasma antioxidant activity and, in the kidneys and the liver, Cd content was significantly lowered by GSE co-administration. Accordingly, the increase in creatinine content and alanine aminotransferase activity and the decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities caused by cadmium were slowed down by GSE co-administration. The results of this work reveal that grape seed extract offers a protective effect against the intake of heavy metals into the organism.
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Aslanimehr, Masoumeh, Ashraf Alizadeh, and Faezeh Azmoudeh. "The Effects of the Grape Seed Extract on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans: An In Vitro Study." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2020.08.
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Background: Oral pathogens can affect a large population and the general health of individuals. Based on the evidence, the grape seed extract (GSE) contains herbal compounds that have the ability tosuppress oral pathogens associated with caries and fungal diseases. In this regard, the current studyaimed at evaluating the effect of GSE on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Methods: The grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed was used in this in-vitro experimental study. After thepreparation of methanolic GSE, its effect on S. mutans and C. albicans was assessed at 0.25-256 mg/mL concentrations. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidalconcentration (MBC) were determined by macro broth dilution methods. Finally, data were analyzedby SPSS, version 20. Results: The results showed that GSE inhibits the growth of S. mutans and C. albicans. In addition, theMIC and MBC of the extract against S. mutans and C. albicans were 2 and 8 mg/mL, as well as 32 and64 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: In general, GSE had a significant antimicrobial effect on S. mutans, while it only affected C. albicans at high concentrations.
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Clifton, Peter M. "Effect of Grape Seed Extract and Quercetin on Cardiovascular and Endothelial Parameters in High-Risk Subjects." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2004, no. 5 (2004): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110724304403088.
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Grape seed extract (GSE) has in vitro antioxidant activity but whether or not it works in vivo is not clear. In a fully randomised, crossover trial with 4-week treatment periods on 36 men and women with above-average vascular risk, we aimed to demonstrate that 2 g/day of GSE (1 g of polyphenols) alone, or with 1 g/day of added quercetin in yoghurt, favourably alters vascular function, endothelial function, and degree of oxidative damage in comparison to a control yoghurt. GSE alone improved flow-mediated dilatation determined ultrasonically by an absolute1.1% compared with control. There was no effect of the combination of GSE with quercetin. No other blood or urine measure was altered. Thus sufficient polyphenols from GSE appear to be absorbed to influence endothelial nitric oxide production, and GSE has the potential to favourably influence vascular function.
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Kitsiou, Melina, Lisa Purk, Jorge Gutierrez-Merino, Kimon Andreas Karatzas, Oleksiy V. Klymenko, and Eirini Velliou. "A Systematic Quantitative Determination of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Grape Seed Extract against Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens." Foods 12, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12050929.
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Concerns regarding the role of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in disease outbreaks are growing due to the excessive use of antibiotics. Moreover, consumers are demanding food products that are minimally processed and produced in a sustainable way, without the use of chemical preservatives or antibiotics. Grape seed extract (GSE) is isolated from wine industry waste and is an interesting source of natural antimicrobials, especially when aiming to increase sustainable processing. The aim of this study was to obtain a systematic understanding of the microbial inactivation efficacy/potential of GSE against Listeria monocytogenes (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium (Gram-negative) in an in vitro model system. More specifically, for L. monocytogenes, the effects of the initial inoculum concentration, bacterial growth phase and absence of the environmental stress response regulon (SigB) on the GSE microbial inactivation potential were investigated. In general, GSE was found to be highly effective at inactivating L. monocytogenes, with higher inactivation achieved for higher GSE concentrations and lower initial inoculum levels. Generally, stationary phase cells were more resistant/tolerant to GSE as compared to exponential phase cells (for the same inoculum level). Additionally, SigB appears to play an important role in the resistance of L. monocytogenes to GSE. The Gram-negative bacteria under study (E. coli and S. Typhimurium) were less susceptible to GSE as compared to L. monocytogenes. Our findings provide a quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the impact of GSE on the microbial dynamics of foodborne pathogens, assisting in the more systematic design of natural antimicrobial-based strategies for sustainable food safety.
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M, Rubel, Prashant Gm, Naveen Kumar Pg, Sushanth Vh, Mohamed Imranulla, Ipshita Potlia, and Swati Mallick. "EFFECT OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT ON REMINERALIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL CARIES: AN IN-VITRO STUDY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.13175.
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ABSTRACTObjective: Grape seeds are gaining more importance because the “Proanthocyanidins” present in them have excellent anticaries, remineralizing, andantibacterial properties. Although many preventive measures have been tried, dental caries remains one of the most prevalent diseases in humans.The ultimate goal of any intervention is the preservation of tooth structure, prevention of lesion progression and inducing remineralization. Thepresent in-vitro study was done to investigate the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on artificial enamel caries in human teeth.Methods: A total of 50 sound premolars extracted from patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were used in the study. The teeth were cleanedand were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 96 hrs at 37°C and 50% relative humidity to create artificial lesions. The samples were randomlydivided into two groups of 25 each. Half of the samples were immersed in the GSE solution (test) and the other half in saline (control), respectively, for8 days. The samples were measured by microhardness tester to obtain values in Vickers hardness scale. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel andwere analyzed using independent t-test for inter-group comparison and paired t-test for intra-group comparison using SPSS version 21.Results: The mean±SD microhardness values after remineralization for the test and control groups were 357.56±5.53 and 337.60±6.38. GSE groupsignificantly increased the microhardness of the lesions (p≤0.001).Conclusion: GSE is a potential remineralizing agent and can be used to prevent progression of dental caries.Keywords: Grape seed extract, Remineralization, Dental caries.
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Albogami, Sarah. "Upregulation of Antioxidant Gene Expressions and Enzyme Activity Against Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice after Grape Seed Extract Treatment." Open Biotechnology Journal 14, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010023.
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Background: The risk of occupational exposure to acrylamide is high and long-term acrylamide exposure can cause neurotoxicity. Thus, therapeutic agents that can protect against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity are needed. Objective: To investigate whether Grape Seed Extract (GSE) protects against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Methods: Mice were divided into saline, GSE, acrylamide, GSE followed by acrylamide, acrylamide followed by GSE, and simultaneous acrylamide and GSE treatment groups. Gene expression and antioxidant enzyme levels were then determined using RT-PCR and biochemical assays. Results: Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly upregulated in GSE-treated mice, compared to those in untreated controls. In contrast, Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.05), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly downregulated in acrylamide-treated mice compared to those in untreated controls. Results of the treatment with GSE before exposure to acrylamide or simultaneously with acrylamide indicated that GSE restored Gpx1, Prdx3, SOD1, and CAT expression to similar levels as those in the control group. GSE treatment after exposure to acrylamide did not exert any neuroprotective effects against acrylamide, as revealed by significant downregulation of Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) compared to that in untreated controls. Animals treated with grape seed before acrylamide treatment showed no significant change in LPO activities and a significant increase in GSH levels, compared to those in untreated controls. Conclusion: GSE exerted neuroprotective effects against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity. Acrylamide caused oxidative stress 20 days post-exposure. However, grape seed treatment before exposure to acrylamide restored all test parameters to levels similar to control values.
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Günter, Elena, Oxana Popeyko, and Sergey Popov. "Ca-Alginate Hydrogel with Immobilized Callus Cells as a New Delivery System of Grape Seed Extract." Gels 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2023): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9030256.
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The development of new delivery systems for polyphenols is necessary to maintain their antioxidant activity and targeted delivery. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain alginate hydrogels with immobilized callus cells, in order to study the interaction between the physicochemical properties of hydrogels, texture, swelling behaviour, and grape seed extract (GSE) release in vitro. The inclusion of duckweed (LMC) and campion (SVC) callus cells in hydrogels led to a decrease in their porosity, gel strength, adhesiveness, and thermal stability, and an increase in the encapsulation efficiency compared with alginate hydrogel. The incorporation of LMC cells (0.17 g/mL), which were smaller, resulted in the formation of a stronger gel. The Fourier transform infrared analyses indicated the entrapment of GSE in the alginate hydrogel. Alginate/callus hydrogels had reduced swelling and GSE release in the simulated intestinal (SIF) and colonic (SCF) fluids due to their less porous structure and the retention of GSE in cells. Alginate/callus hydrogels gradually released GSE in SIF and SCF. The faster GSE release in SIF and SCF was associated with reduced gel strength and increased swelling of the hydrogels. LMC-1.0Alginate hydrogels with lower swelling, higher initial gel strength, and thermal stability released GSE more slowly in SIF and SCF. The GSE release was dependent on the content of SVC cells in 1.0% alginate hydrogels. The data obtained show that the addition of callus cells to the hydrogel provides them with physicochemical and textural properties that are useful for the development of drug delivery systems in the colon.
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Jang, Young-Sun, and Jong-Moon Jeong. "Antioxidative Effect and Digestive Enzyme Inhibition of Grape Seed Extract (GSE)." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 39, no. 6 (June 30, 2010): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.6.783.
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Arie, Hideyuki, Tsukasa Nozu, Saori Miyagishi, Masayuki Ida, Takayuki Izumo, and Hiroshi Shibata. "Grape Seed Extract Eliminates Visceral Allodynia and Colonic Hyperpermeability Induced by Repeated Water Avoidance Stress in Rats." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2019): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112646.
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Grape seed extract (GSE) is rich in polyphenols composed mainly of proanthocyanidins, which are known to attenuate proinflammatory cytokine production. Repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) induces visceral allodynia and colonic hyperpermeability via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and proinflammatory cytokine pathways, which is a rat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model. Thus, we explored the effects of GSE on repeated WAS (1 h for 3 days)-induced visceral allodynia and colonic hyperpermeability in Sprague-Dawley rats. Paracellular permeability, as evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance and flux of carboxyfluorescein, was analyzed in Caco-2 cell monolayers treated with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β. WAS caused visceral allodynia and colonic hyperpermeability, and intragastric administration of GSE (100 mg/kg, once daily for 11 days) inhibited these changes. Furthermore, GSE also suppressed the elevated colonic levels of IL-6, TLR4, and claudin-2 caused by WAS. Paracellular permeability was increased in Caco-2 cell monolayers in the presence of IL-6 and IL-1β, which was inhibited by GSE. Additionally, GSE suppressed the claudin-2 expression elevated by cytokine stimulation. The effects of GSE on visceral changes appear to be evoked by suppressing colonic TLR4-cytokine signaling and maintaining tight junction integrity. GSE may be useful for treating IBS.
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Bellucci, Stefano, Giuseppe Fracchiolla, Alessandra Pannunzio, Antonello Caponio, Daniela Donghia, Filomena Corbo, Loredana Capobianco, et al. "Dopamine and Antioxidant Grape Seed Extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles: A preliminary in vitro characterization." Nano and Medical Materials 3, no. 1 (April 18, 2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59400/nmm.v3i1.40.
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Neuronal cell model line SHSY-5Y is extensively adopted when in vitro investigations are related to Parkinson disease (PD) application. Herein, chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) were formulated for the co-administration of dopamine (DA) and Grape Seed Extract (GSE) with the aim to gain insight into the interactions occurring between SHSY-5Y and NPs. Following the ionic gelation technique, the mean particle size of the NPs resulted in the range 310–330 nm and the zeta measurements were in the range +16.4 – +35.5 mV. The presence of CS chains on the surface suggested by positive zeta values was also confirmed by FT-IR analysis, whereas storage stability studies upon different temperatures evidenced that, although aggregation occurred, DA autoxidation was prevented because no black suspensions were detected over the time, irrespectively of the temperature assayed. From a biological viewpoint, release studies of CS NPs loaded with DA and GSE showed that in SHSY-5Y cell lines DA accumulation was time-dependent, irrespectively of the presence of GSE. Furthermore, ROS levels and carbonylated proteins both decreased in SHSY-5Y cell line once NPs administering both DA and GSE were incubated, suggesting a significative reduction of oxidative stress which plays a significative role for PD development.
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Guo, Ling, Zhi-Yi Yang, Ren-Cheng Tang, and Hua-Bin Yuan. "Preliminary Studies on the Application of Grape Seed Extract in the Dyeing and Functional Modification of Cotton Fabric." Biomolecules 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10020220.
Full textAbstract:
Cotton has the shortcomings of having no antibacterial, antioxidant and ultraviolet (UV) protection properties, which are of great importance for health protection purposes. In the present study, grape seed extract (GSE) mainly composed of proanthocyanins (tannins) was employed to simultaneously import pale colors and the three aforementioned functions to cotton fabric. The tests on the application conditions of GSE showed that pH and GSE concentration had great impact on the color depth of cotton fabric, and the color hue of dyed fabric could be controlled in the absence of pH regulators due to the weakly acidic nature of GSE solution. The fabric dyed with 10%owf (on the weight of fabric) GSE exhibited an excellent inhibition effect towards Escherichia coli, whereas the one dyed with 20%owf GSE had high antioxidant activity of 97%. The fabric dyed with 5%owf GSE offered excellent UV protection. This study reveals that GSE can be used as a functional finishing agent for health protection in cotton textiles in addition to coloration capability.
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Trapani, Adriana, Stefano Castellani, Lorenzo Guerra, Elvira De Giglio, Giuseppe Fracchiolla, Filomena Corbo, Nicola Cioffi, et al. "Combined Dopamine and Grape Seed Extract-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Nasal Mucosa Permeation, and Uptake by Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030881.
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We have already formulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in which the combination of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and the antioxidant grape-seed-derived proanthocyanidins (grape seed extract, GSE) was supposed to be favorable for Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment. In fact, GSE supply would reduce the PD-related oxidative stress in a synergic effect with DA. Herein, two different methods of DA/GSE loading were studied, namely, coadministration in the aqueous phase of DA and GSE, and the other approach consisting of a physical adsorption of GSE onto preformed DA containing SLNs. Mean diameter of DA coencapsulating GSE SLNs was 187 ± 4 nm vs. 287 ± 15 nm of GSE adsorbing DA-SLNs. TEM microphotographs evidenced low-contrast spheroidal particles, irrespective of the SLN type. Moreover, Franz diffusion cell experiments confirmed the permeation of DA from both SLNs through the porcine nasal mucosa. Furthermore, fluorescent SLNs also underwent cell-uptake studies by using flow cytometry in olfactory ensheathing cells and neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, evidencing higher uptake when GSE was coencapsulated rather than adsorbed onto the particles.
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Grandhaye, Jeremy, Veronique Douard, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Yifan Xu, Alex Cheok, Antonella Riva, Rodrigo Guabiraba, et al. "Microbiota Changes Due to Grape Seed Extract Diet Improved Intestinal Homeostasis and Decreased Fatness in Parental Broiler Hens." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081141.
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In poultry, the selection of broilers for growth performance has induced a deterioration in the health of the parental hens associated with poor reproductive efficiency. To improve these parameters, we administered to laying parental broiler hens a regular diet supplemented or not (Control) with a moderate (1%) or a high level (2%) of grape seed extract (GSE). The 1% GSE diet was administered from a young age (from 4 to 40 weeks of age) and the high level of 2% GSE was administered only during a 2-week period (from 38 to 40 weeks of age) in the laying period. The analysis of 40-week-old hens showed that 2% GSE displayed a reduction in the fat tissue and an improvement in fertility with heavier and more resistant eggs. Seven monomer phenolic metabolites of GSE were significantly measured in the plasma of the 2% GSE hens. GSE supplementation increased the relative abundance of the following bacteria populations: Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacilliaceae and Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, a supplementation period of only 2 weeks with 2% GSE is sufficient to improve the metabolic and laying parameters of breeder hens through a modification in the microbiota.
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Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Shahad K. Alkhudhair, Raedah I. Alharbi, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Reem M. Aljowaie, and Sameha Al-Shehri. "The Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from Aqueous Extract of Grape Seeds against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi." Molecules 26, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 6081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26196081.
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Grape seed extract (GSE) is a natural source of polyphenolic compounds and secondary metabolites, which have been tested for their possible antimicrobial activities. In the current study, we tested the antibacterial and antifungal activities of aqueous GSE and the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles loaded with GSE (GSE-AgNPs) against different pathogens. The biosynthesized GSE-AgNPs were assessed by UV spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activities were assessed against different bacterial and fungal species. DLS analysis showed that GSE-AgNPs had a Z-Average of 91.89 nm while UV spectroscopy showed that GSE-AgNPs had the highest absorbance at a wavelength of ~415 nm. FTIR analysis revealed that both of GSE and GSE-AgNPs consisted of different functional groups, such as hydroxyl, alkenes, alkyne, and aromatic rings. Both FE-SEM and TEM showed that GSE-AgNPs had larger sizes and rough surfaces than GSE and AgNO3. The results showed significant antimicrobial activities of GSE-AgNPs against all tested species, unlike GSE, which had weaker and limited effects. More studies are needed to investigate the other antimicrobial activities of GSE.
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Delimont, Nicole M., and Brandi N. Carlson. "Prevention of dental caries by grape seed extract supplementation: A systematic review." Nutrition and Health 26, no. 1 (November 24, 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106019887890.
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Background: Dental caries are the most prominent chronic disease of children and adults worldwide, and facilitating evidence-based, preventative care for their prevention is critical. Caries are traditionally and successfully prevented by regular fluoride use, but there are opportunities to halt and restore caries with alternative agents in addition to fluoride use. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a readily available plant-based supplement that, due to its concentrated levels of proanthocyanidins, has promising characteristics that may assist in dental caries prevention. Aim: The goal of this review was to investigate whether current research supports use of grape seed extract to prevent dental caries formation. Methods: A systematic review of articles related to grape seed extract, prevention of dental caries, inhibition of Streptococcus mutans, and remineralization was conducted. Articles were first chosen by inclusion of dental models that used grape seed extract as an intervention, and then by strength of study design. Results: Twenty articles were reviewed. Studies overall supported three unique grape seed extract properties facilitating dental caries prevention. In the first articles reviewed, grape seed extract inhibited proliferation of bacterial biofilms on tooth surfaces. In addition, studies reviewed indicated that grape seed extract promoted dental remineralization. Conclusions: Caries prevention by grape seed extract may be unique compared with fluoride, and is linked to grape seed extract’s bacteriostatic and collagen crosslinking properties. Future research should investigate potential delivery methods, and benefits of combined grape seed extract use with known caries preventative agents, in human participants.
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Yang, Guan, Yansong Xue, Hanying Zhang, Min Du, and Mei-Jun Zhu. "Favourable effects of grape seed extract on intestinal epithelial differentiation and barrier function in IL10-deficient mice." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 1 (May 20, 2015): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515001415.
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The impairment in the rate of cell proliferation and differentiation leads to a negative consequence on the renewal of the intestinal epithelium, which is the aetiological factor of a number of digestive diseases. Grape seed extract (GSE), a rich source of proanthocyanidins, is known for its beneficial health effects. The present study evaluated the beneficial effects of GSE on colonic cell differentiation and barrier function in IL10-deficient mice. Female mice aged 6 weeks were randomised into two groups and given drinking-water containing 0 or 0·1 % GSE (w/v) for 12 weeks. GSE supplementation decreased serum TNF-α level and intestinal permeability, and increased the colonic goblet cell density that was associated with increased mRNA expression of mucin (Muc)-2. Immunohistochemical analyses showed lower accumulation of β-catenin in the crypts of colon tissues of the GSE-supplemented mice, which was associated with a decreased mRNA expression of two downstream effectors of Wingless and Int (Wnt)/catenin signalling, myelocytomatosis oncogene protein (Myc) and cyclin D1 (Ccnd1). Consistently, GSE supplementation decreased the number of colonic proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, a well-known cell proliferation marker, and a weakened extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signalling. In summary, these data indicate that supplementation of 0·1 % GSE for 12 weeks improved gut barrier function and colonic cell differentiation in the IL10-deficient mice probably via inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Ma, Jian, Xue Fan, Wenjie Zhang, Guangxian Zhou, Fuquan Yin, Zhihui Zhao, and Shangquan Gan. "Grape Seed Extract as a Feed Additive Improves the Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation and Immunity of Weaned Beef Calves." Animals 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2023): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13111876.
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The purpose of this research was to evaluate effects of grape seed extract (Gse) supplementation on the growth performance; ruminal fermentation; nutrient digestibility; and serum biochemical, antioxidative, and immune parameters of weaned beef calves. A total of 30 Simmental crossbred male calves with similar age and body weight were randomly allocated to two groups: a control group with no Gse (CON) and a Gse supplementation group (GSE) (4 g/d Gse per animal). The results show that, compared with the CON group, the average daily gain significantly increased (p = 0.043) in the GSE group. The ruminal contents of microbial protein and butyrate in GSE group were higher (p < 0.05) than those in the CON group. Additionally, calves fed Gse displayed increased (p < 0.05) dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Moreover, the serum concentrations of triglyceride, catalase, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M were higher (p < 0.05) in the GSE group than those in the CON group. However, opposite tendencies of non-esterified fatty acid, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were found between the two groups. Overall, the supplementation of Gse can improve ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant ability, and immunity, as well as promoting the healthy growth of weaned cross-breed beef calves.
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Niemeyer, Samira Helena, Nikola Jovanovic, Sindy Sezer, Lucas Sébastien Wittwer, Tommy Baumann, and Thiago Saads Carvalho. "Dual protective effect of the association of plant extracts and fluoride against dentine erosion: In the presence and absence of salivary pellicle." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 18, 2023): e0285931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285931.
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Objectives To verify the protective effect of plant extracts associated with fluoride against dental erosion of dentine, in the presence and absence of a salivary pellicle. Methods Dentine specimens (n = 270) were randomly distributed into 9 experimental groups (n = 30/group): GT (green tea extract); BE (blueberry extract); GSE (grape seed extract); NaF (sodium fluoride); GT+NaF (green tea extract and NaF); BE+NaF (blueberry extract and NaF); GSE+NaF (grape seed extract and NaF); negative control (deionized water); and a positive control (commercialized mouthrinse containing stannous and fluoride). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15), according to the presence (P) or absence (NP) of salivary pellicle. The specimens were submitted to 10 cycles: 30 min incubation in human saliva (P) or only in humid chamber (NP), 2 min immersion in experimental solutions, 60 min of incubation in saliva (P) or not (NP), and 1 min erosive challenge. Dentine surface loss (dSL-10 and dSL-total), amount of degraded collagen (dColl) and total calcium release (CaR) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s and Mann-Whitney U tests (p>0.05). Results Overall, the negative control presented the highest values of dSL, dColl and CaR, and the plant extracts showed different degrees of dentine protection. For the subgroup NP, GSE showed the best protection of the extracts, and the presence of fluoride generally further improved the protection for all extracts. For the subgroup P, only BE provided protection, while the presence of fluoride had no impact on dSL and dColl, but lowered CaR. The protection of the positive control was more evident on CaR than on dColl. Conclusion We can conclude that the plant extracts showed a protective effect against dentine erosion, regardless of the presence of salivary pellicle, and that the fluoride seems to improve their protection.
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Dimitriu, Tudor, Pompei Bolfa, Soimita Suciu, Adrian Cimpean, Zsofia Daradics, Cornel Catoi, Gabriel Armencea, et al. "Grape Seed Extract Reduces the Degree of Atherosclerosis in Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Rats – An Experimental Study." Journal of Medicine and Life 13, no. 4 (October 2020): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2020-0177.
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The associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases have been intensely studied in recent years. Oxidative stress is involved in the initiation and both progression of periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Antioxidants can reduce the effects of oxidative stress on inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to measure the effects of a grape seed extract (GSE), rich in antioxidants, on atherosclerosis caused by ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10: control group, periodontitis group, and periodontitis group treated with GSE (GSE group). Periodontitis was induced by placing an orthodontic wire around the cervix of the first mandibular molar and keeping it in place for 4 weeks. On days 1, 7 and 28, blood samples were taken to assess oxidative stress and inflammation markers (malondialdehyde and glutathione - MDA, reduced glutathione - GSH, C reactive protein) and lipids. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and aortas were collected for histopathologic examination. MDA was significantly higher in Periodontitis group compared to the other groups only at day 7. GSH was significantly increased in the Control and GSE groups on days 1 and 7, compared to Periodontitis group and on day 28 higher in GSE vs. Periodontitis groups. C reactive protein was significantly increased in the Periodontitis group on days 1 and 7 compared to both groups. Cholesterol was significantly decreased in the aortas of GSE group at day 28 compared to the Periodontitis group. Oral administration of a grape seed extract reduces the oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Dinicola, Simona, Alessandra Cucina, Alessia Pasqualato, Sara Proietti, Fabrizio D'Anselmi, Gabriella Pasqua, Anna Rita Santamaria, et al. "Apoptosis-inducing factor and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways triggered by different grape seed extracts on human colon cancer cell line Caco-2." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 6 (June 14, 2010): 824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510001522.
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Consumption of grape seed extract (GSE) is widely marketed as a dietary supplement and is considered safe for human health. Nevertheless, the analytical composition of GSE from different grape cultivars, growing in special agronomic constraints, differs greatly in flavan-3-ols content. The major concern with GSE studies is a lack of availability of uniformly standardised preparations, which raises an important question whether different GSE samples have comparable activity and trigger the same mechanisms of action on a given biological system. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that GSE, obtained from different cultivars, could exert differentiated anticancer effects. The focus of the present study is to determine the selective biological efficacy of GSE obtained from three different sources on the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Irrespective of its source, high doses of GSE induced a significant inhibition on Caco-2 cell growth. Moreover, apoptosis was enhanced through both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms, leading to an early apoptosis-inducing factor release and, further, to a dramatic increase in caspase 7 and 3 activity. However, a significant difference in apoptotic rates induced by the three grape sources clearly emerged when treating cancer cells with low and intermediate GSE concentrations (25 and 50 μg/ml).
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Shenouda Maroun Girgis, Mahrousa Mohamed Hassanane, Salwa Mohamed Kassem, and Somaia Ahmed Nada. "Protective role of grape seed extract on genotoxicity, hepatic, and renal dysfunction induced by ochratoxin A in rats." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 5, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.5.2.0035.
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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a natural toxin and produced by various fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium and the second one in toxicity among mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that grape seed extract (GSE) has a protective effect on mycotoxin-induced toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect GSE on OTA-induced genotoxicity, liver and kidney injury in rats. Forty mature Wistar albino male rats with similar body weight were divided into four groups (10 rats each): 1- untreated control group, 2- OTA treated group (1.7 mg/Kg bw, i. p.), 3- OTA + 75 mg/kg bw GSE treated group, 4- OTA + 150 mg/kg bw GSE treated group. Rats were treated for 15 days and at the end of experiments, blood, liver and kidney tissue homogenates, as well spermatocyte cells were harvested to determine the effect of OTA on geno-, hepato-, and renal toxicity in rats and the protective role of GSE. The results showed that GSE could significantly alleviate genotoxicity, DNA damage and improve the liver and kidney injury induced by OTA toxicity in male albino rats due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.