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1

Ranepura, Hewage Lahiru P. "Developing and optimizing methods for grape seed polyphenol extraction." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2023. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2645.

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Dietary polyphenols have been positively correlated to the reduced risk of several chronic diseases, including Alzheimer' disease (AD). Grape (Vitis vinifera) seed contains 5-8 % polyphenols and annually, 2.5 million tonnes of grape seed is generated in the juice and wine industry. Grape seed extract (GSE) and its compounds gallic acid (GA), resveratrol (RSV) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been shown to attenuate AD aetiological features including oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in cell and animal models. The main objectives of this work were to optimize the methods for grape seed polyphenol extraction and assess their antioxidant properties. Polyphenols from grape seeds were extracted using ethanol, methanol, and acetone as solvents. Total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of GSEs were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu’s and AlCl3 colorimetric methods. Free radical scavenging activities were measured using standard antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) and levels of GA, EGCG, and RSV were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Findings from this study showed the highest TFC levels in acetone extraction that was consistent with previous studies. Ethanol showed improved extraction of phenolic compounds compared to acetone and better than methanol in overall polyphenol extraction. Ethanol extracted GSEs exhibited high free radical scavenging capacity measured using ABTS and DPPH demonstrating its potent antioxidant activity. Ethanol extracted GSEs displayed the highest ABTS scavenging ability as compared to acetone and methanol extractions. Ethanol extracted GSEs showed high free polyphenols content but low level of bound polyphenols. The TFC, TPC and radical scavenging properties of the free polyphenol fraction was significantly higher than those of the bound polyphenol fraction from GSE. Thus, potential therapeutic effects of GSE may be attributed to the free polyphenol fraction. GA and EGCG were detected in both unbound and bound phenolic extracts. However, RSV was only detected in bound polyphenol extract. Overall, the findings presented here have unravelled new insights into the polyphenol content of GSEs, solubility, efficiency of different extraction conditions and more importantly generated new knowledge that will be critical for developing industrial processes for developing GSE as a commercial food product for alleviating AD.
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2

Mabrouk, Maha. "Évaluation de l’effet correcteur d’un extrait polyphénolique de pépins de raisin dans un modèle murin de sclérose en plaques, l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC111.

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La sclérose en plaques (SEP) est une maladie auto-immune du système nerveux central générant de nombreux symptômes neurologiques, parmi lesquels la douleur chronique qui est très invalidante et fréquente. A ce jour, la SEP est une maladie incurable avec une étiologie complexe, multifactorielle et encore mal comprise. De nombreuses données suggèrent que les polyphénols végétaux pourraient avoir des bénéfices thérapeutiques en régulant le stress oxydant et la neuroprotection dans la SEP. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’évaluer l'effet d’un traitement curatif chronique à l'extrait de pépins de raisin (GSE pour Grape Seed Extract) dans un modèle murin reproduisant certaines des caractéristiques cliniques et neuropathologiques de la SEP, l'encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale (EAE). Dans un premier temps, la composition biochimique du GSE a été évaluée. Par la suite, le traitement des souris EAE par le GSE 10 jours après l’induction du modèle (J10) a montré une amélioration à la fois du score neurologique et des troubles sensitifs chez les souris. Des analyses biochimiques et moléculaires au niveau du cerveau et de la moelle épinière ont montré dès J20 une correction des anomalies du stress oxydant permettant une restauration des altérations de la myéline, de la prolifération astrogliale et microgliale et des niveaux d’expression des sirtuines. Enfin, une analyse protéomique a permis de confirmer ces résultats et d’envisager des mécanismes d’action bénéfiques supplémentaires du GSE, notamment la correction de la dégradation des lipides. L’ensemble des effets du GSE décrits au cours de cette thèse soutient fortement l'idée que le GSE pourrait être une approche thérapeutique efficace pour le traitement de la SEP
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system leading to many neurological symptoms, among which chronic pain is common and very disabling. To date, MS is an incurable disease with a complex, multifactorial and still poorly understood etiology. Numerous evidence suggest that plant polyphenols may have therapeutic benefits in regulating oxidative stress and providing neuroprotection in MS. In this context, this thesis work aimed to evaluate the effect of a chronic curative treatment with grape seed extract (GSE) in a mouse model reproducing some of clinical and neuropathological features of MS, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).First, the biochemical composition of GSE was evaluated. Subsequently, the treatment with GSE initiated from day 10 post-induction (D10) showed both an improvement in the neurological score and sensory disorders in mice. Biochemical and molecular analyzes in the brain and spinal cord showed from D20 a correction of oxidative stress abnormalities allowing restoration of myelin alterations, astroglial and microglial proliferation and levels of sirtuins expression. Finally, a proteomic analysis allowed to confirm these results and to identify new additional beneficial effect of GSE, such as the correction of lipid degradation. All the effects of GSE described during this thesis strongly supports the idea that GSE could be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of MS
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3

Levy, Jason M. "Evaluation of Peanut Skin Extract, Grape Seed Extract, and Grape Seed Extract Fractions to Reduce Populations of Select Foodborne Pathogens." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48896.

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Grape seed extract (GSE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) are waste products in the wine and peanut industries. Both extracts have high concentrations of polyphenols, known to possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. A subcategory of polyphenol is procyanidin, which can be divided into two types, type A and type B. Type A (PSE), contains two single bonds connecting the phenolic groups while type B (GSE), contains one single bond connecting the phenolic groups. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the two extracts was evaluated for their antimicrobial effect on Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium using the pour plate method. GSE was found to have a significantly lower MIC (p ≤ 0.05) than PSE for L. monocytogenes (GSE=60.60ppm, PSE=not found), S. aureus (GSE=38.63ppm, PSE=51.36ppm), and S. Typhimurium (GSE=45.73ppm, PSE=60.60ppm). There was no significant difference in inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 (GSE=47.44ppm, PSE=51.13ppm). Since GSE, contributed to greater pathogen inhibition, its extract was fractionated into monomer and oligomers components. Growth curves of all four pathogens inoculated in the monomer and oligomer fractions were compared using the BioScreen method. Oligomers inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and E. coli O157:H7 while monomers inhibited growth of S. Typhimurium. These results indicate that an extract with type B procyanidins that are high in oligomers may be more effective as antimicrobials. Type B procyanidins have also been shown to prevent bacterial adhesion, as is the case with urinary tract infections, and may aid in the prevention of biofilms.
Master of Science in Life Sciences
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4

Serrano, López Joan. "Satiating properties of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457133.

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Donats els problemes de salut associats al sobrepès, en aquesta tesi hem investigat el possible us d'un extracte de proantocianidines de pinyol de raïm (GSPE) com agent saciant, fent servir rates com a model d'experimentació. Hem observat que sota una pauta d'administració adequada, el GSPE disminueix la ingesta tant de manera aguda com de manera continuada, durant períodes de 8 dies consecutius. Aquestes propietats saciants, sumades a un efecte lipolític, resulten en un descens significatiu del pes corporal. A l'investigar les vies de senyalització implicades, hem observat que l'administració de GSPE modifica la producció i secreció de diverses hormones gastrointestinals que afecten l'apetit, entre les que destaquen el GLP-1, d'efectes saciants, i la ghrelina, inductora de l'apetit. En estudis amb antagonistes hem observat que de manera aguda l'administració de GSPE augmenta la concentració plasmàtica de GLP-1, i que l'efecte saciant del GSPE i d'un dels seus compostos, l'àcid gàlic, són directament mediats pel receptor de GLP-1. En estudis de 8 dies consecutius hem observat que els efectes saciants de l'àcid gàlic no es mantenen al llarg del temps, reforçant la importància d'altres compostos de l'extracte per a mantenir un efecte continuat. En aquests estudis subcrònics, l'administració de GSPE comporta un gran descens en la síntesi de ghrelina, un fet que hem observat estretament relacionat amb l'increment de senyalització de GLP-1 a l'hipotàlem, la inducció de la sacietat i l'efecte lipolític del GSPE. Esperem aquests estudis permetin iniciar estudis per a l'aplicació del GSPE en humans.
Dados los problemas de salud asociados al sobrepeso, en esta tesis hemos investigado el posible uso de un extracto de proantocianidinas de pepita de uva (GSPE) como agente saciante, utilizando ratas como modelo de experimentación. Hemos observado que bajo una pauta de administración adecuada, el GSPE disminuye la ingesta tanto de manera aguda como de forma continuada, durante períodos de 8 días consecutivos. Estas propiedades saciantes, sumadas a un efecto lipolítico, resultan en un descenso significativo del peso corporal. Al investigar las vías de señalización implicadas, hemos observado que la administración de GSPE modifica la producción y secreción de varias hormonas gastrointestinales que afectan el apetito, entre las que destacan el GLP-1, de efectos saciantes, y la ghrelina , inductora del apetito. En estudios con antagonistas hemos observado que de manera aguda la administración de GSPE aumenta la concentración plasmática de GLP-1, y que el efecto saciante del GSPE y de uno de sus compuestos, el ácido gálico, son directamente mediados por el receptor de GLP-1. En estudios de 8 días consecutivos hemos observado que los efectos saciantes del ácido gálico no se mantienen a lo largo del tiempo, reforzando la importancia de otros compuestos del extracto para mantener un efecto continuado. En estos estudios subcrónicos, la administración de GSPE conlleva un gran descenso en la síntesis de ghrelina, un hecho que hemos observado estrechamente relacionado con el incremento de señalización de GLP-1 en el hipotálamo, la inducción de la saciedad y el efecto lipolítico del GSPE. Esperamos estos estudios permitan iniciar estudios para la aplicación del GSPE en humanos.
Given the health problems associated with overweight, in this thesis we have investigated the possible use of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) as a satiating agent, using rats as an experimental model. We have observed that under an adequate administration pattern, GSPE decreases intake both acutely and continuously along periods of 8 consecutive days. These satiating properties, added to a lipolytic effect, result in a significant decrease in body weight. In investigating the signaling pathways involved, we have observed that the administration of GSPE modifies the production and secretion of several gastrointestinal hormones that affect appetite, including GLP-1, with satiating effects, and the appetite-inducing hormone ghrelin. In studies with antagonists we have observed that the administration of GSPE increases the plasma concentration of GLP-1 and that the satiating effect of GSPE and one of its compounds, gallic acid, is directly mediated by the GLP-1 receptor. In studies of 8 consecutive days we have observed that the satiating effects of gallic acid are not maintained over time, reinforcing the importance of other compounds in the extract to maintain a continued effect. In these subchronic studies, GSPE administration leads to a large decrease in ghrelin synthesis, a fact that we have observed closely related to the increase in GLP-1 signaling in the hypothalamus, the satiety induction and the lipolytic effect of GSPE . We hope these studies will allow translational studies for the application of GSPE in humans.
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5

Castell, Auví Anna. "The effects of grape seed procyanidin extract on insulin synthesis and secretion." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/79133.

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Las procianidinas son compuestos bioactivos presentes en frutas y vegetales. Aunque se conocen los efectos beneficiosos de estos compuestos en la homeostasis de la glucosa, su acción en la funcionalidad de la célula β no es clara. La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en describir los efectos de las procianidinas en la síntesis y secreción de insulina. Nuestros resultados muestran la capacidad de las procianidinas de modificar la funcionalidad de la célula β aumentando la relación insulina plasmática/mRNA, aunque la efectividad del tratamiento depende de la situación fisiológica. En situaciones no patológicas, las procianidinas afectan la insulinemia modificando la síntesis, secreción y/o degradación de la insulina. En situaciones de resistencia a la insulina, el tratamiento crónico con procianidinas disminuye la síntesis y secreción de insulina gracias a su acción limitando el acúmulo de lípidos. En cambio, en un modelo más dañado (obesidad genética), las procianidinas ejercen efectos similares pero no son capaces de mejorar la hipersinulinemia. En conclusión, las procianidinas, en las dosis ensayadas, pueden utilizarse únicamente como compuestos bioactivos limitando la disfuncionalidad de la célula β en sus estados iniciales.
Les procianidines són compostos bioactius presents en fruites i vegetals. Tot i que es coneixen els efectes beneficiosos d’aquests compostos en l’homeòstasi de la glucosa, la seva acció en la funcionalitat de la cèl•lulaβ no és clara. La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en descriureels efectes de les procianidines en la síntesi i secreció d’insulina. Els nostres resultats mostren la capacitat de les procianidines de modificar la funcionalitat de la cèl•lula β augmentant la relació insulina plasmàtica/mRNA, tot i que l’efectivitat del tractamentdepèn de la situaciófisiològica. En situacions no patològiques, les procianidines afecten la insulinèmia modificant la síntesi, secreciói/o degradació d’insulina. En situacions de resistència a la insulina, el tractamentcrònicamb procianidines disminueix la síntesi i secreció d’insulina gràcies a la seva acció limitant l’acumulació de lípids. En canvi, en un model més danyat (obesitat genètica), les procianidines exerceixen efectes similars però no son capaces de millorar la hiperinsulinèmia. En conclusió, les procianidines, en les dosis assajades, podenutilitzar-seúnicament coma compostos bioactiuslimitant la disfuncionalitat de la cèl•lula β en els seus estats inicials.
Procyanidins are bioactive compounds found in fruits and vegetables widely consumed. It has been reported that procyanidins show some beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, although their effects on β-cell functionality remain unresolved. This doctoral thesis is focus on describing the effects of procyanidins on insulin synthesis and secretion. Our results showed that procyanidins modify β-cell functionality through increasing the plasma insulin/mRNA ratio, although the effectiveness of the treatment depends on the physiological situation. Under non-pathological situation, procyanidins affected insulinaemia by modifying insulin synthesis, secretion and/or degradation activity. Under insulin-resistance situation, chronic procyanidins administration decreased insulin synthesis and secretion, thanks to its lipid-lowering effect. Otherwise in a more damaged model, Zucker fatty rat, procyanidins treatment is not able to reduce insulin plasma levels although they repress insulin expression. In conclusion, procyanidins could be used as bioactive compound to limit β-cell dysfunctions under high-palatable diets, but at the assayed doses, it is not enough to counteract a strong metabolic disruption.
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6

Cedó, Giné Lídia. "Effects of grape seed procyanidin extract on proliferation and apoptosis in pancreatic cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132854.

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Procyanidins have been reported to modulate glucose homeostasis and β-cell functionality. However, their effects on pancreatic cell mass remain unknown. Therefore, this doctoral thesis focused on the study of the effects of a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on proliferation and apoptosis processes in pancreatic cells. Our results indicate that although the extract did not affect these processes under healthy conditions, it modulated β-cell proliferation and apoptosis under altered conditions. In vitro, GSPE enhanced the pro-apoptotic effects of high glucose and were antiproliferative under high glucose, insulin, and palmitate levels in the INS-1E cell line. In vivo, the effects of the extract depended on the dose, the duration of the treatment, and/or the gender. However, the extract tended to counteract the deleterious effects of the cafeteria diet or the Zucker Fatty genotype. Concerning the adenocarcinoma cell line MIA PaCa-2, GSPE exerted antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, demonstrating anti-carcinogenic activity.
Les procianidines són compostos fenòlics abundants en plantes i vegetals. S’ha demostrat que aquests compostos bioactius tenen efectes beneficiosos per la salut, entre els quals destaquen les seves propietats antiinflamatòries i antioxidants. També s’ha vist que participen en l’homeòstasi dels lípids i la glucosa. En un estudi previ realitzat en el grup de recerca, es van avaluar els efectes d’un extracte de procianidines de pinyol de raïm (GSPE) en un model de resistència a la insulina induït per l’alimentació de rates femelles amb una dieta de cafeteria. Es va veure que el GSPE reduïa l’índex HOMA-IR i els nivells d’insulina plasmàtica, suggerint una millora de la resistència a la insulina en teixits perifèrics. A més a més, aquests resultats semblaven indicar que les procianidines podrien estar afectant el pàncrees, el principal òrgan responsable de l’homeòstasi dels nutrients, ja sigui millorant la funcionalitat o la massa de les cèl•lules β pancreàtiques. De fet, en una tesi doctoral duta a terme en paral•lel amb una altra, en la qual es va concloure que les procianidines actuen en el pàncrees modulant la síntesi, secreció i degradació de la insulina. Els individus amb diabetis del tipus 2 presenten hiperglucèmia i un metabolisme lipídic alterat, juntament amb resistència a la insulina, disfunció de les cèl•lules β i disminució de la massa β. Tot i que determinats factors genètics hi estan implicats, la diabetis del tipus 2 està estretament lligada a l’obesitat, i ambdós patologies estan assolint proporcions d’epidèmia a nivell mundial. En els primers estadis de la resistència a la insulina, la massa β s’incrementa per compensar la hiperglucèmia. Tot i així, quan les cèl•lules β ja no són capaces de compensar l’augment de la demanda d’insulina, la massa β es veu reduïda degut a un augment de l’apoptosi. A més a més, considerant el pàncrees, l’adenocarcinoma pancreàtic és un dels càncers més agressius, caracteritzat per una elevada resistència al tractament. L’acumulació d’alteracions genètiques resulta en un augment del creixement cel•lular i de la proliferació i en una inhibició de l’apoptosi. D’aquesta manera, l’obtenció d’informació sobre els compostos naturals amb efectes beneficiosos sobre la proliferació i l’apoptosi en les cèl•lules pancreàtiques, processos estretament lligats i alterats en les malalties mencionades anteriorment, és de gran interès. Els efectes de les procianidines sobre la proliferació i l’apoptosi han estat molt estudiats en diferents tipus cel•lulars. En línies cel•lulars de càncer les procianidines baixen els nivells de proliferació i incrementen l’apoptosi, actuant com a anticarcinogèniques. En altres tipus cel•lulars, les procianidines actuen com a eina terapèutica, protegint les cèl•lules del dany induït per factors ambientals o químics, disminuint l’apoptosi i estimulant el creixement cel•lular. Tot i així, existeix poca informació relativa als efectes de les procianidines en el pàncrees. Per tant, aquesta tesi doctoral es va centrar en l’estudi dels efectes de les procianidines sobre la proliferació i l’apoptosi de les cèl•lules pancreàtiques, avaluant la modulació d’aquests processos en situacions fisiològiques o patològiques. Per assolir els nostres objectius, vam utilitzar models in vivo de rates sanes, de rates amb obesitat induïda per la dieta i rates amb obesitat induïda genèticament; i models in vitro, usant la línia cel•lular d’insulinoma de rata INS-1E i d’adenocarcinoma de pàncrees MIA PaCa-2. La hiperglucèmia postprandial i la dislipèmia són factors comuns que tenen lloc prèviament al desenvolupament de la diabetis del tipus 2. L’exposició crònica a un ambient hiperglucèmic i a elevades concentracions d’àcids grassos causa la disfunció de les cèl•lules β pancreàtiques i la mort cel•lular, fenòmens anomenats glucotoxicitat i lipotoxicitat, respectivament. D’aquesta manera, quan vam exposar les cèl•lules INS-1E a elevades concentracions de glucosa i palmitat, ambdós nutrients van incrementar l’apoptosi. Quan, en aquestes condicions, les cèl•lules es van tractar amb GSPE, l’extracte va incrementar els efectes pro-apoptòtics de l’elevada glucosa, sense modificar la situació de lipotoxicitat. L’apoptosi induïda pel GSPE en situacions d’hiperglucèmia involucra la via intrínseca de l’apoptosi. In vivo, vam continuar l’estudi previ realitzat en rates femelles amb obesitat induïda per una dieta de cafeteria realitzat, i vam veure que GSPE modulava els marcadors d’apoptosi en el pàncrees d’aquestes rates, però els efectes eren dependents de la dosi i el període de tractament. Tot i així, el tractament semblava que tendia a contrarestar l’augment de l’apoptosi de les rates alimentades amb dieta de cafeteria. En canvi, quan els efectes de l’extracte es van analitzar en rates mascle, GSPE incrementava un marcador pro-apoptòtic, suggerint un increment de l’apoptosi en les rates tractades amb l’extracte. D’aquesta manera, es conclou que la modulació dels marcadors d’apoptosi per part del GSPE en rates alimentades amb dieta de cafeteria és dependent de la dosi, el període de tractament i/o el gènere. Pel que fa als efectes de GSPE sobre la proliferació, quan les cèl•lules β pancreàtiques es van exposar a elevats nivells de glucosa i insulina, els quals indueixen la proliferació, i nivells alts de palmitat, el qual inhibeix la proliferació, l’extracte va mostrar un clar efecte antiproliferatiu. Aquests efectes antiproliferatius són probablement a causa de les molècules d’alt pes molecular, les quals no es poden absorbir a l’intestí, de manera que cal tenir-ho en compte en el moment de comparar els efectes obtinguts in vitro amb els possibles efectes in vivo. De fet, en els experiments de rates alimentades amb una dieta de cafeteria, el GSPE no va modificar els marcadors de proliferació analitzats. Com a model d’obesitat induïda genèticament, es van utilitzar rates Zucker Fatty. Quan aquestes rates es van tractar crònicament amb GSPE, tot i que l’extracte contrarestava l’expressió de marcadors d’apoptosi i proliferació en comparació amb les rates obeses no tractades, els canvis moleculars induïts per les procianidines no van ser suficients per contrarestar l’efecte genètic de les rates Zucker Fatty a un nivell fisiològic, ja que tant l’apoptosi com els nivells plasmàtics de glucosa i insulina eren tan elevats com en les rates control. En aquest experiment, també es va analitzar el perfil proteic dels illots realitzant un estudi de proteòmica. Un dels processos biològics en els quals les proteïnes modificades per GSPE estaven involucrades era l’apoptosi i la mort cel•lular. Els nivells de la majoria de les proteïnes incloses en aquest grup contrarestaven els efectes del genotip Zucker Fatty, de la mateixa manera que es va observar en els marcadors d’expressió gènica. Per tant, tenint en compte les rates Zucker Fatty com a referència d’apoptosi, el GSPE tendia a millorar aquest procés, tot i que no va induir canvis als nivells finals d’apoptosi. Un cop analitzats els efectes de GSPE en les cèl•lules β en situacions patològiques, es van avaluar els seus efectes en situacions fisiològiques. El tractament de les cèl•lules INS-1E amb GSPE no va modificar ni l’apoptosi ni la proliferació d’aquestes cèl•lules. Aquests resultats in vitro coincideixen amb els observats in vivo, en els quals, el tractament crònic de rates amb GSPE no va modificar ni l’apoptosi ni la massa β. En aquest experiment, el perfil de microRNA també es va analitzar, ja que alguns microRNA s’ha vist que poden regular la funció pancreàtica, incloent la regulació de la síntesi i la secreció de la insulina i l’apoptosi. Tot i que vam trobar que els microRNAs dels illots pancreàtics eren diana de les procianidines, els modificats per l’extracte no estan involucrats en els processos de proliferació i apoptosi, fet que confirma el fet que el GSPE no altera aquests processos en condicions fisiològiques. Finalment, una altra situació patològica en la qual la proliferació i l’apoptosi estan alterats en cèl•lules pancreàtiques és en càncer, en el qual la proliferació està incrementada i l’apoptosi inhibida. D’aquesta menera, vam analitzar els efectes del GSPE en la línia cel•lular d’adenocarcinoma pancreàtic MIA PaCa-2 i vam veure que l’extracte inhibia la proliferació cel•lular i incrementava l’apoptosi, procés mediat per la modulació de proteïnes de la família de la Bcl-2 i per la despolarització de la membrana mitocondrial, implicant la via intrínseca de l’apoptosi. En aquest cas, els components de l’extracte amb més activitat antiproliferativa i pro-apoptòtica també van ser identificats. Tant l’epigal•locatequina gal•lat com l’àcid gàl•lic foren els components amb efectes antiproliferatius més elevats, però, considerant que la concentració d’àcid gàl•lic en l’extracte és més de 40 vegades més elevat que la d’epigal•logatequina gal•lat, es va considerar l’àcid fenòlic com un dels components de l’extracte responsables dels efectes observats. De la mateixa manera que el GSPE, l’àcid gàl•lic modulava l’expressió de proteïnes de la família de la Bcl-2 i promovia la despolarització de la membrana mitocondrial. En aquest estudi, es van utilitzar dues aproximacions per tal d’apropar-nos a una situació in vivo, ja que un cop ingerides, no tots els components de les procianidines són absorbides a l’intestí. Prèviament, són hidrolitzades en l’intestí prim i metabolitzades en l’intestí prim i el fetge. A més a més, les procianidines i els metabòlits que no són absorbits en l’intestí prim, poden ser absorbits en l’intestí gros posteriorment a l’acció de la microflora bacteriana. D’aquesta manera, per una banda, vam tractar les cèl•lules amb medis basolaterals que contenien els components de l’extracte absorbits i metabolitzats pels enteròcits humans Caco-2. Aquest sistema és novedós, tot i així, les cèl•lules Caco-2 s’han usat àmpliament per estudiar l’absorció i secreció intestinal de fàrmacs i compostos de la dieta. Tot i així, els compostos absorbits i metabolitzats per les cèl•lules Caco-2 no van modificar la taxa de proliferació de les cèl•lules MIA PaCa-2. De fet, l’anàlisi dels medis basolaterals va revelar que ni l’epigal•locatequina gal•lat ni l’àcid gàl•lic, les molècules més efectives en la inhibició de la proliferació, no eren absorbits per les cèl•lules Caco-2. Per altra banda, també vam tractar les cèl•lules MIA PaCa-2 amb sèrums de rata tractats amb GSPE. Aquesta aproximació, que segons el nostre coneixement no s’havia usat anteriorment, permet l’exposició de les cèl•lules als compostos fenòlics absorbits i metabolitzats en l’organisme i que aconsegueixen arribar al teixit diana in vivo. Tot i que lleument, el tractament amb els sèrum de les rates tractades amb GSPE van inhibir la proliferació de les cèl•lules d’adenocarcinoma de pàncrees. Per concloure, en aquesta tesi doctoral hem vist que el GSPE modula la proliferació i l’apoptosi de les cèl•lules pancreàtiques, tant in vitro com in vivo, però els seus efectes són dependents del model, la dosi i la durada del tractament. Hem utilitzat tècniques òmiques i diferents aproximacions in vitro per tal d’acostar-nos a situacions in vivo, a més d’identificar les molècules de l’extracte responsables dels efectes observats.
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7

Smithson, Andrew Todd. "The Effect of Supplemental Grape Seed Extract on Pig Growth Performance and Body Composition During Heat Stress." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71764.

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Prolonged exposure to high ambient temperature without cooling causes heat stress (HS) resulting in altered growth, body composition and metabolic dysfunction in pigs. Grape seed extract (GSE) has been shown to reduce inflammation, and improve glucose transport and metabolism. Thus, GSE may be an effective supplement to combat the consequences of heat stress; however this possibility has not been evaluated in a large animal model. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of GSE supplementation on pig performance and body composition during HS. Twenty-four female pigs (62.3± 8 kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 2X2 factorial experiment; thermal neutral (TN; 21-22°C) or heat stress conditions (HS; 33-34°C) for 7 days and fed either a control or a GSE supplemented diet (12mg/kg body weight). Body temperature (TB), respiration rate (RR) and feed intake (FI) were measured daily. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Respiration rate and TB increased in the HS control group compared to the TN control group (p<0.05), however GSE did not alter these parameters compared to control for the duration of the 7 day period. HS decreased FI (P < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose concentrations were approximately 1.5-fold greater in the control diet compared to their GSE supplemented counterpart (p=0.067) on day 6 of the HS period, but did not differ between groups at the end of day 7 of HS. Body composition analysis indicated bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and percent change of fat remain unchanged between treatment groups. Percent change in weight was significantly reduced in HS. Lean tissue accretion was 45% greater in TN compared to HS groups (p<0.05). Endotoxin concentrations were approximately 2-fold lower in the HS-GSE group compared to the control (P=0.083). Grape seed extract supplementation does not appear to alter pig growth performance or body composition, but does appear to delay the onset of reduced feed intake by 1 day, reduce intestinal permeability, and improve insulin sensitivity during additional stress.
Master of Science in Life Sciences
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8

Engelbrecht, Lize. "Grape seed extract affects adhesion competence and maturation of primary isolated rat myoblasts after contusion injury." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80380.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Contusion injuries cause significant muscle damage, activating a series of cellular events. Satellite cells (SC), the key role players in muscle regeneration, are activated to proliferate and develop into mature myoblasts, which could fuse to form new myotubes or to repair damaged fibres. Evidence suggests that anti-oxidants, such as those found in grape seed extract (GSE), enhance repair, but their effect on SCs is still unclear. This study aimed to harvest and culture primary rat myoblasts to investigate the effect of chronic in vivo GSE supplementation on SCs following a standardised crush injury. Using a modified pre-plate technique, myoblasts were harvested from rat muscle and then compared with the immortal C2C12 cell line for proliferation and differentiation competence. Several media options were compared: i) DMEM with or without L-glutamine, ii) Ham‘s F10 or iii) DMEM with L-glutamine and Ham‘s F10 combined. Primary myoblasts proliferated and differentiated at a much slower rate than C2C12 cells. The combined media was selected for further use. To investigate the effects of GSE on the recovery, rats were supplemented daily with GSE or placebo 14 days prior to a standardised mass-drop crush injury to the gastrocnemius. SCs were isolated and cultured from uninjured (NI, baseline) and from injured rats 4 hours (4h), 3 days (3d) or 14 days (14d) post-injury. Expression of myogenic proteins Pax7, M-cadherin, MyoD, CD56, desmin and CD34 was determined by flow cytometry. Myoblasts were sorted according to their CD56 and CD34 expression and three sub-sets were collected and re-cultured, namely CD56+/CD34-, CD56-/CD34+ and CD56+/CD34+. After 24 hours, sorted cells were stained for desmin expression. Pax7, M-cadherin and MyoD were present in 100% of isolated cells from all groups confirming their myogenic SC identity. For all groups, desmin was expressed only in ~80% of SCs. Lower adhesion competency in GSE supplemented groups resulted in lower yield obtained for culturing. Expression of CD56 increased significantly 3d post-injury in the placebo group. In contrast, with GSE, CD56 already increased 4h post-injury and decreased again 3d post-injury. Although CD34 expression did not differ dramatically, expression pattern resembled that of CD56. Immunocytochemistry revealed a range in morphology and desmin expression of sorted myoblasts. More myoblasts with high desmin expression were observed in the two CD56+ sub-sets (irrespective of CD34 expression), indicating that CD56 is still expressed in more mature myoblasts. Flow cytometry revealed a population of myoblasts expressing particularly high levels of desmin, primarily in the non-injured baseline GSE group. We hypothesise that this result is an indication of preparedness of myoblasts to respond earlier to injury, enabling quicker repair. This cell population with high desmin content is restored in skeletal muscle after repair (14d), only when supplemented with GSE. In conclusion, GSE attenuated adhesion competence of primary myoblasts in culture, but resulted in earlier maturation of SCs, possibly due to baseline preparedness of myoblasts in uninjured muscle for a quick response. Both reduced adhesion competence and early progression of myoblasts could enhance wound healing in skeletal muscle.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kneuswonde veroorsaak aansienlike skade aan skeletspier, wat ‘n reeks sellulêre prosesse in werking stel. Satellietselle, die hoofrolspelers tydens spierregenerasie, vermenigvuldig en ontwikkel tot volwasse mioblaste, wat saamsmelt om nuwe spiervesels te vorm. Antioksidante, soos die wat in druiwepit-ekstrak voorkom, bespoedig herstel, maar hul uitwerking op satellietselle is steeds onduidelik. Die doel van hierdie studie was om mioblaste uit rotspiere te isoleer en te kweek om die effek van langdurige in vivo aanvulling van druiwepit-ekstrak op satellietselle na ‘n kneusbesering te bepaal. 'n Aangepaste protokol is gebruik om primêre mioblaste te isoleer, wat daarna met C2C12 selle, ten opsigte van hul vermenigvuldigings- en differensiasievermoë vergelyk is. Verskeie groeimedia is gebruik: i) DMEM met of sonder L-glutamien, ii) Ham F10 en iii) ‘n kombinasie van DMEM, L-glutamien en Ham F10. Primêre mioblaste het stadiger vermenigvuldig en gedifferensieer as C2C12 selle. Die gekombineerde medium is vir verdere gebruik gekies. Om die uitwerking van druiwepit-ekstrak op spierherstel te ondersoek, is rotte vir 14 dae onderwerp aan daaglikse aanvullings van druiwepit-ekstrak of placebo voor ‘n gestandardiseerde kneusbesering aan die gastrocnemius. Satellietselle is geïsoleer vanuit onbeseerde spier (basiskontrole) en vanuit beseerde spier 4 ure (4h), 3 dae (3d) en 14 dae (14d) na die besering. Die uitdrukking van spierverwante proteïene Pax7, M-cadherin, MyoD, CD56, desmin en CD34 is vasgestel met 'n vloeisitometer. Mioblaste is daarna gesorteer op grond van hul CD56- en CD34-uitdrukking. Drie sub-groepe is versamel en verder gekweek, nl. CD56+/CD34-, CD56-/CD34+ en CD56+/CD34+. Na 24 uur is gesorteerde selle gekleur om desmin-uitdrukking te bepaal. Pax7, M-cadherin en MyoD is deur 100% satellietselle in alle groepe uitgedruk, wat hul spierverwante identiteit bevestig, alhoewel slegs 80% selle in alle groepe desmin uitgedruk. Druiwepit-ekstrak het die vermoë van selle om aan plate te heg onderdruk, wat gelei het tot ‘n laer opbrengs van mioblaste. Drie dae na die besering in die placebo groep het die CD56-uitdrukking beduidend toegeneem. In teenstelling hiermee het CD56-uitdrukking in die druiwepit-ekstrak groep 4 ure na die besering beduidend toegeneem en weer afgeneem na 3 dae. Hoewel daar nie sulke dramatiese verskille was tussen groepe ten opsigte van CD34-uitdrukking nie, was daar ‘n soortgelyke tendens as vir CD56-uitdrukking. Immunositochemie het ‘n verskeidenheid van morfologieë en variërende desminvlakke in gesorteerde mioblaste blootgestel. In die twee CD56+ groepe is meer mioblaste wat hoë desmin vlakke uitdruk gevind, wat aandui dat CD56 uitgedruk word deur meer volwasse mioblaste, ongeag van CD34-uitdrukking. Tydens vloeisitometrie is ‘n populasie selle wat hoë desminvlakke uitdruk, hoofsaaklik in die onbeseerde en 14d druiwepit-ekstrak groepe gevind. Dit is ‘n aanduiding dat sommige mioblaste voorbereid is om na 'n besering vinniger te reageer. Na die herstelproses word hierdie groep selle hernu in die teenwoordigheid van druiwepit-ekstrak-aanvulling. Die resultate het gevolglik daartoe gelei dat druiwepit-ekstrak die hegtingsvemoë van mioblaste verlaag, maar dat die aanvulling in vivo tot vroeër ontwikkeling van mioblaste lei, waarskynlik deur satellietselle voor te berei vir 'n vinnige respons na ‘n besering. Beide die onderdrukking van aanhegting aan kultuurplate en die vroeë ontwikkeling van mioblaste, kan die herstel van die skeletspier verbeter.
NRF and the Harry Crossley bursary for funding
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9

Cherubin, Patrick. "The Anti-toxin Properties of Grape Seed Phenolic Compounds." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6254.

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ricinus communis, Shigella dysentariae, and Vibrio cholerae produce AB toxins which share the same basic structural characteristics: a catalytic A subunit attached to a cell-binding B subunit. All AB toxins have cytosolic targets despite an initial extracellular location. AB toxins use different methods to reach the cytosol and have different effects on the target cell. Broad-spectrum inhibitors against these toxins are therefore hard to develop because they use different surface receptors, entry mechanisms, enzyme activities, and cytosolic targets. We have found that grape seed extract provides resistance to five different AB toxins: diphtheria toxin (DT), P. aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA), ricin, Shiga toxin, and cholera toxin (CT). To identify individual compounds in grape seed extract that are capable of inhibiting the activities of these AB toxins, we screened twenty common phenolic compounds of grape seed extract for anti-toxin properties. Three compounds inhibited DT, four inhibited ETA, one inhibited ricin, and twelve inhibited CT. Additional studies were performed to determine the mechanism of inhibition against CT. Two compounds inhibited CT binding to the cell surface and even stripped bound CT off the plasma membrane of a target cell. Two other compounds inhibited the enzymatic activity of CT. We have thus identified individual toxin inhibitors from grape seed extract and some of their mechanisms of inhibition against CT. This work will help to formulate a defined mixture of phenolic compounds that could potentially be used as a therapeutic against a broad range of AB toxins.
M.S.
Masters
Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Medicine
Biotechnology
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10

Lall, Satinder. "Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of red clover extract and red grape seed extract on human adult malignant brain tumours in vitro." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2017. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21543/.

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Gliomas are rare intrinsic brain tumours which account for 2% of all cancers. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant malignant glioma form and remains incurable. The biological features which preclude successful therapy include heterogeneity, diffuse invasive patterns and angiogenesis. Despite, advances in current conventional treatments the median survival time is only 14 months. Hence there is a need to investigate novel therapeutic approaches which can be included alongside conventional treatment. One such approach is the use of micronutrients in the management of glioblastoma multiforme. This study evaluated the affects of two micronutrient extracts, red clover extract (RCE) and red grape seed extract (RGSE), on human adult malignant brain tumours in vitro. Four primary (or short-term) cell cultures derived from human brain tumour biopsies, an established cell line and normal human brain cells from an epileptic pateint were used to measure the cell viability, anti-invasive, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic potentials, following 48-hour treatment with the IC50s of either micronutrient extract. Both RCE and RGSE exhibited similar affects on the glioma cell cultures. They both appeared to reduce cell viability, invasive potential and angiogenesis potential though did not appear to have any significant affect on the apoptotic portential of the glioma cultures. For example, incubation with 0.007-1ug/ml RCE caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of in viability of glioma cells but did not affect viability of normal astrocytes. Similar results were obtained for RGSE. These doses also resulted in a significant decrease in invasion and angiogenesis (p<0.05). Effects varied between cell lines but in general decreased by 50-60%. This suggests that both RCE and RGSE do affect the development of glioma cell cultures in vitro and warrant further study into the pathways in which this may occur.
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11

Allers, NJ, L. Hay, PJ Schutte, ML Steinmann, Plooy S. du, and LH Bohmer. "Long-term effects of a low dosage of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats." South African Journal of Science, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000779.

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Most studies on the antihypertensive effects of bioflavonoids have reported short-term effects (within 7 weeks) at high concentrations (40–100 mg kg–1 day–1). The present study by contrast has investigated long-term effects of low concentrations of bioflavonoids on arterial blood pressure and left ventricular performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into a treated (n = 16) and a control (n = 16) group. The treated group received daily a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) at a concentration of 4mg kg–1day–1over six months. Arterial blood pressure (ABP) was measured once monthly on six randomly selected rats from both groups using an indirect tail-cuff method. After three months, the remaining rats underwent catheterizations to measure left ventricular performance and aortic pressure. The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the effects of GSPE was investigated by blocking NO synthase with N-nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Animals in the treated group had significantly lower arterial end-diastolic pressures (AEDP) after three months of treatment compared with control animals, and this trend continued until six months. In the treated group, left ventricular systolic pressures (LVSP) were reduced by 16.6% (P = 0.005), their dP/dtmax (left ventricular pressures) were reduced by 19.7% (P = 0.050), and cardiac work was reduced by 22.0% (P = 0.045) at the end of three months. Treatment with L-NAMEsuggested a contribution of NO to the effects of GSPE on blood pressure. A low concentration of GSPE administered over six months lowered AEDP significantly, and the L-NAME response suggested that NO is involved. The decreased AEDP had a lowering effect on left ventricular dynamics of hypertensive rats.
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12

Delport, Chris J. "Grape-seed extract (oligomeric proanthocyanidin) or N-acetylcysteine antioxidant supplementation several days before and after an acute bout of plyometric exercise." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79846.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis aims to determine whether supplementation with a grape-seed derived antioxidant, oligomeric proanthocyanidin (PCO) or the glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may prove beneficial as treatment for exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) in athletes. In this double-blind cohort study, 21 healthy, uninjured male rugby-players in mid-season training phase, aged between 18 and 25 years were randomly divided into three treatment groups. Participants received 210 mg PCO, NAC or placebo treatment for 9 consecutive days. The study comprised a 6-day wash-out period (protocol days: -12 to -7), followed by a 6-day supplement loading period (protocol days: -6 to -1) a plyometric exercise intervention (protocol day 0) and continued supplementation for 2 days (protocol days: 1 to 2). The exercise intervention comprised 15 sets of 10 near maximal, vertical plyometric squat jumps. Blood samples and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) scores were collected on protocol days: -6, 0, 1 and 2. Assessments included serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) concentrations over time as well as a differential circulating leukocyte count (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils). Data analysis of CK activity revealed no significant differences between groups. However, PCO treatment prevented a significant peak in the CK response at 24 h (as seen in the placebo and NAC groups) when compared to baseline, pre and post readings (p<0.05). NAC supplementation significantly improved serum ORAC after the exercise intervention. By 48 h, serum ORAC had improved significantly from readings taken immediately post exercise (p<0.05) only in the NAC group. For all groups, absolute neutrophil counts peaked at 6 h post exercise from baseline or pre readings (p<0.05). In both NAC and placebo treated groups, neutrophil counts had decreased significantly in circulation by 24 h post exercise from the 6 h time-point (p<0.05). However, neutrophil counts only reached significantly lower levels by 48 h post exercise (p<0.05) in the group supplemented with PCO. The monocyte count also peaked significantly at 6 h post exercise when compared with other time-points before and after the exercise intervention (p<0.05) in all treatment groups. Neither antioxidant treatment significantly altered the responses of other leukocyte sub-populations, MDA or sVCAM-1 concentrations where main effects of plyometric exercise was evident. Although not statistically significant, a trend toward diminished sVCAM-1 expression with either antioxidant supplementation was apparent. These findings suggest that PCO supplementation (210mg/d) which includes a 7 day loading period may diminish plyometric EIMD by limiting (but not completely inhibiting) the neutrophil response. Secondary muscle damage may be prevented by partially blunting neutrophil infiltration, rather than only quenching free radicals released during the neutrophil oxidative burst. Furthermore, the finding that NAC supplementation improves serum ORAC only after exercise may provide added benefit when administered in combination with PCO.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierde tesis is daarop gerig om vas te stel of aanvulling met ‘n druifsaadekstrak (DSE) gederiveerde antioksidant: pro-antosianiedoliese oligomeer (PSO), of die glutathione voorloopermolekule, N-asetielsistien (NAS) voordelig beskou kan word as behandeling vir atlete onderhewig aan spierskade veroorsaak deur oefening. Gedurende hierdie dubbelblinde kohort studie is 21 gesonde, manlike rugbyspelers sonder beserings tussen die ouderdom van 18 en 25 jaar in middel-seison fase ewekansig in drie behandelingsgroepe verdeel. Deelneemers het elk 210 mg PSO, NAS of placebo-aanvulling geneem vir nege agtereenvolgende dae. Die studie het bestaan uit ‘n 6-dag uitwasperiode (protokoldae: -12 tot -7), as ook ‘n 6-dag aanvullings periode (protokoldae: -6 tot -1), gevolg deur ‘n pliometriese oefeningsintervensie (protokol dag 0) en verdere aanvulling tot en met 2 dae na die oefening (protokol dae: 1 tot 2). Die oefeningsintervensie het 15 stelle van 10 naastenby maksimale, vertikale pliometriese hurkspronge behels. Bloedmonsters en vertraagde aanvang spierseerheid (VAS) tellings is op protokoldae: -6, 0, 1 en 2 geneem. Analiese het serum kreatien kinase (KK) aktiwiteit, suurstof radikaal absorpsie kapasiteit (SRAK), Malondialdahied (MDA) en oplospare vaskulêresel adhesie molekule-1 (oVAM-1) konsentrasie bepalings asook ‘n differentiële sirkulerende leukosiet seltelling ingesluit. KK aktiewiteit het geen merkwaardige verskil tussen groepe getoon nie. PSO aanvulling het wel gelei tot die voorkoming van ‘n merkwaardige piek in die KK response soos in die placebo en NAC behandelde groepe bevind is by die 24 h tydspunt in vergelyking met basislyn-, voor- en na-oefeningslesings (p<0.05). NAS het ‘n merkwaardige verbetering in serum SRAK getoon, maar eers teen 48 h na oefening. Slegs die NAS behandelde groep het op hierdie tydspunt ‘n betekenisvolle verbetering in SRAK getoon in vergelyking met lesings direk na oefening (p<0.05). Vir alle groepe is ‘n betekenisvolle toename in absolute neutrophiltellings waargeneem 6 h na oefening in vergelyking met basislyn- en vooroefeningslesings (p<0.05). Beide NAS en placebo-behandelde groepe het ‘n betekenisvolle afname in neutrophiltellings teen 24 h na oefening getoon in vergelyking met die 6 h tydspunt (p<0.05) maar met die PSO-behandelde groep word hierde afname eers teen 48 h waargeneem (p<0.05). Monosiettellings het in alle groepe 6 h na oefening ‘n betekinsvolle piek getoon (p<0.05). Waar slegs die hoofeffek van die pliometriese oefening betekenisvol was, het nie een van die twee antioksidant aanvullings ‘n merkwaardige verandering aan die respons van ander leukosiet sub-populasies, MDA of oVAM-1 konsentrasies getoon nie. Al kon statistiese beduidenheid nie bewys word nie, wil dit blyk dat ‘n verminderde oVAM-1 uitdrukking onstaan het in die geval van beide antioksidant-behandelde groepe. Tesame stel hierdie bevindinge voor dat PSO toediening (210mg/d) insluitende ‘n 7-dag aanvullingsperiode die vermoë verleen om die neutrophielrespons gedeeltelik te onderdruk (sonder om dit heeltemal te inhibeer) en sodoende spierskade verminder. Dus word verdere spierskade moontlik verlaag deur die voorkoming van neutrophil weefsel infiltrasie eerder as verwydering van reaktiewe spesies wat vrygestel word tydens oefening. Die bevinding dat NAS aanvulling serum SRAK eers na oefening merkwaardig verbeter, kan as voordelig beskou word, veral wanneer toegedien in samewerking met PSO om verdere spierskade te voorkom en herstelling vinniger te bewerkstellig.
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Goodrich, Katheryn Marie. "Colonic metabolism of dietary grape seed extract: Analytical method development, effect on tight-junction proteins, tissue accumulation, and pan-colonic pharmacokinetics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72973.

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Procyanidins (PCs) have been extensively investigated for their potential health protective activities, but the prospective bioactivities are limited by their poor bioavailability. The majority of the ingested dose remains unabsorbed and reaches the colon where extensive microbial metabolism occurs. The objectives of these studies are to better understand the roles and activities of PCs in the lower gastrointestinal tract. First, a new high-throughput Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry method was developed to efficiently analyze PCs and an extensive profile of their microbial metabolites. This method is sufficiently sensitive and effective in simultaneously extracting and measuring native PCs and their microbial metabolites in biological samples. Furthermore, administration of grape seed extract increased the expression of gut junction protein occludin and reduced levels of fecal calprotectin, which suggests an improvement of gut barrier integrity and a potential modulation of endotoxemia. Additionally, chronic supplementation of the diet with flavanols did not increase colonic tissue accumulation of PCs or their microbial metabolites over a 12 week feeding study. This was the first long-term study of its kind, and the results indicate that we still do not fully understand the outcome of ingested flavanols in the colon during chronic exposure rather than acute doses. Lastly, new understanding of the microbial metabolism of PCs in the colon has been reached by studying the colon as 4 segments, rather than as a complete unit as previous studies have done. Data show that a gradient is established along the length of the colon for both PCs and their metabolites, with PCs reaching highest concentrations within 3 h after ingestion, while metabolites reach maximum concentrations anywhere form 3-18 h after ingestion. Moreover, data indicate the progressive, step-wise degradation of PCs into small metabolites throughout the length of the colon. Overall, there is greater understanding of the colonic metabolism of dietary PCs derived from GSE and cocoa, the accumulation of these compounds, and their effect on gut permeability. Future work will build off of these novel studies, and will continue to advance the understanding of the health benefits of dietary PCs.
Ph. D.
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14

Miller, Eric J. ""Effects of Grape Seed Extract, Lutein, and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Lens Epithelial Cell Behavior In Vitro and Ex Vivo"." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397743093.

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Wang, Yan-Jiang, and yanjiang_wang@tmmu edu cn. "Clearance of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease: To understand the pathogenesis and develop potential therapies in animal models." Flinders University. School of Medicine, 2010. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20100419.124325.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. No strong disease-modifying treatments are currently available. Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) appears to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. We focused our interest on revealing the pathogenesis of the disease and developing novel therapeutic modalities. The thesis consists of three projects: 1. Prevention of AD by intramuscular delivery of an anti-Abeta single chain antibody (scFv) gene: Immunotherapy is effective in removing brain Abetaƒzbut was associated with detrimental effects. In the present study, the gene of an anti-Abeta scFv was delivered in the hind leg muscles of APPSwe/PS1dE9 mice with adeno-associated virus at three months of age. Six months later, we found that brain Abeta accumulation, AD-type pathologies and cognitive impairment were significantly attenuated in scFv-treated mice relative to enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-treated mice. Intramuscular delivery of scFv gene was well tolerated by the animals. These findings suggest that peripheral application of scFv is effective and safe in preventing the development of AD, and would be a promising non-inflammatory immunological modality for prevention and treatment of AD. 2. Prevention of AD with grape seed derived polyphenols: Polyphenols extracted from grape seeds are able to inhibit Abetaƒnaggregation, reduce Abeta production and protect against Abeta neurotoxicity in vitro. We investigated the therapeutic effects of a polyphenol-rich grape seed extract (GSE) in vivo. APPSwe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were fed with normal AIN-93G diet (control diet), AIN-93G diet with 0.07% curcumin, or diet with 2% GSE beginning at 3 months of age for 9 months. Total phenolic content of GSE was 592.5 mg/g dry weight, including gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin and proanthocyanidins. Long-term feeding of GSE diet was well tolerated. The Abetaƒnlevels in the brain and serum of the mice fed with GSE were reduced by 33% and 44% respectively compared with the mice fed with the control diet. Amyloid plaques and microgliosis in the brain of mice fed with GSE were also reduced by 49% and 70% respectively. In conclusion, polyphenol-rich GSE is promising to be a safe and effective drug to prevent the development of AD. 3. Roles of p75NTR in the development of AD: P75NTR has been suggested to mediate Abeta induced neurotoxicity. However, its role in the development of AD is undetermined. APPSwe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were crossed with p75NTR knockout mice to generate APPSwe/PS1dE9 mice with p75NTR gene deleted. P75NTR mainly expressed in the basal forebrain neurons and degenerative neurites in neocortex and hippocampus. Genetic deletion of p75NTR gene in APPSwe/PS1dE9 mice reduced soluble Abeta levels, but increased the insoluble Abeta accumulation and Abeta plaque formation in the brain. P75NTR deletion decreased Abeta production of cortical neurons in vitro. Recombinant extracellular domain of p75NTR attenuated the oligomerization and fibrillation of synthetic Abeta42 peptide in vitro, and reduced local Abeta plaques after hippocampus injection in vivo. Our data suggest that p75NTR plays an important role in AD development and may be a valid therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Ohyama, Kana. "Studies on the food compounds showing anti-obesity effect and their mechanism to suppress obesity." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217117.

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Araújo, Larissa Sgarbosa Napoleão de 1984. "Efeito de diferentes temperaturas de volatilização de sistemas adesivos e biomodificação da dentina sobre a estabilidade da camada híbrida = Effect of adhesive volatilization temperature and dentin biomodification on the stability of the hibryd layer." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289109.

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Orientador: Giselle Maria Marchi Baron
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Abstract: The complete Abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertation
Doutorado
Dentística
Doutora em Clínica Odontológica
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18

Locilento, Danilo Andre. "Preparo, obtenção e caracterização de esponjas quitosana/colágeno para liberação controlada de estrato de semente de uva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-04012013-164556/.

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Visando à obtenção de biomateriais que atuem como suporte que direcione e auxilie o processo de regeneração tecidual, materiais poliméricos naturais como a quitosana e o colágeno têm sido estudados. A utilização da quitosana e do colágeno se baseia em propriedades como: biocompatibilidade, ação antimicrobiana, capacidade de ativar macrófagos, estimular a proliferação celular e baixa antigenicidade. Também se tem buscado a utilização de fitoterápicos como, por exemplo, o extrato de semente de uva que no processo de cicatrização tecidual, atua estimulando o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (angiogênese) e proliferação de fibroblastos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o preparo e caracterização de esponjas de quitosana/colágeno e quitosana/colágeno/glicerol (1:1) e (1:2) contendo extrato de semente de uva. A caracterização foi feita por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho (FTIR), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), absorção de tampão fosfato salino (PBS) e liberação in vitro do extrato de semente de uva. Estudos de DSC mostraram que ocorre um aumento na temperatura de desnaturação do colágeno com o aumento da concentração do extrato, indicando um efeito de reticulação que é mais pronunciado nas esponjas (1:2) e na presença de glicerol. Os espectros FTIR mostraram que ocorre um deslocamento das bandas de amida I e II devido à interferência do anel aromático presente no extrato. O aumento da proporção de colágeno, de extrato e a adição do glicerol contribuíram para o aumento no número e diâmetro dos poros das esponjas, observados por MEV. A presença do extrato aumenta a capacidade de absorção de PBS das esponjas, o aumento da concentração de extrato aumenta a velocidade de absorção, mas diminui sua capacidade de absorção. Ensaios de liberação in vitro mostraram que as quantidades de extrato liberado em meio PBS aumentaram até as primeiras 24 h. A maior porcentagem de liberação ocorreu para a esponja Q1C2E2 (44%). A presença do glicerol influiu na liberação do extrato, diminuindo-a. Os valores de n mostraram que a liberação do extrato ocorreu por difusão, no qual os valores estão próximos 0,5 caracterizando um mecanismo de transporte Fickiano, exceto para as esponjas Q1C1E05 e Q1C2GE05, sendo por transporte anômalo (0,5Aiming to obtain biomaterials that act as a support to direct and assist the process of tissue regeneration, natural polymeric materials such as collagen and chitosan have been used. The use of chitosan and collagen is based on properties such as biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, low antigenicity, ability to activate macrophages and stimulate cell proliferation. The use of herbal medicines, for example, grape seed extract in the process of tissue healing, acts by stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor (angiogenesis) and fibroblast proliferation. This work aimed to the preparation and characterization of chitosan/collagen and chitosan/collagen/glycerol sponges (1:1) and (1:2) containing grape seed extract. The characterization was made by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and in vitro release of grape seed extract. DSC studies have shown that there is an increase in denaturation temperature of collagen with increasing extract concentration, indicating a crosslinking effect that is more pronounced in the sponges (1:2) in the presence of glycerol. The FTIR spectra show that there is a displacement of bands I and amide II due to interference of the aromatic ring present in the extract. Increasing the proportion of collagen, extract and addition of glycerol contributed to the increase in the number and diameter of the pores of the sponges, observed by SEM. The presence of the extract increases the absorption capacity of PBS in the sponges, the concentration of the extract increases the absorption rate, but decreases its absorbent capacity. In vitro release tests showed that the released amounts of extract increased up to 24 h. The highest percentage of release was observed for the sponge Q1C2E2 (44%). The presence of glycerol influenced the release of the extract, decreasing it. The values of n showed that the release occurred by diffusion of the extract, in which the values are close to 0.5 featuring a Fickian transport mechanism, except for the sponges Q1C1E05 and Q1C2GE05, that occurred by anomalous transport (0.5
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19

Africa, Luan Dane. "HIV-1 associated neuroinflammation : effects of two complimentary medicines illustrated in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95869.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Neuroinflammation is central to the aetiology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) that are prevalent in late stage AIDS. ARV treatments are rolled out relatively late in the context of neuroinflammatory changes, so that their usefulness in directly preventing HAND is probably limited. It is common practice for HIV+ individuals in developing countries to make use of traditional/complimentary medicines. One such medicine is Sutherlandia frutescens - commonly consumed as a water infusion. We have also identified a new candidate complimentary medicine for use in this context - grape seed-derived proanthocyanidolic oligomers (PCO) have significant anti-inflammatory action in the peripheral compartment in the context of e.g. skeletal muscle injury, but have not been investigated in the context of either neuroinflammation or HIV/AIDS. Here the efficacy of these two substances as an anti-inflammatory modality in this context was investigated in an in vitro co-culture model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Methods: Single cultures of human astrocytes, HUVECs and primary human monocytes, as well as co-cultures (BBB), were stimulated with HIV-1 subtype B & C Tat protein and/or HL2/3 cell secretory proteins after pre-treatment with S. frutescens or PCO extracts. Effects of this pre-treatment on pro-inflammatory mediator expression and monocyte migration across the BBB were assessed. Results: In accordance with others, B Tat was more pro-inflammatory than C Tat, validating our model. S. frutescens decreased IL-1β secretion significantly (P<0.0001), but exacerbated both monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P<0001) – a major role player in HIV-associated neuroinflammation – and CD14+ monocyte infiltration across the BBB (P<0.01). PCO pre-treatment resulted in a significantly dampened IL-1β (P<0.0001) response to stimulation with HIV-associated proteins. In contrast to S. frutescens, PCO modulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P<0001) response and decreased capacity for CD14+ monocytes to migrate across the simulated BBB (P<0.0001). Additionally, PCO pre-treatment decreased both GFAP (P<0.001) and HSP-27 (P<0.001) expression in the astrocytes of the BBB. Conclusions: Current data illustrates that the combined use of HL2/3 cells and the simulated BBB presents an accurate, disease relevant in vitro model with which to study neuroinflammation in the context of HIV/AIDS. In addition, our results caution against the use of S. frutescens as anti-inflammatory modality at any stage post-HIV infection. Novel data presented here illustrate that PCO is able to blunt the MCP-1 and IL-1β response to HIV-1 proteins in single cultures of human astrocytes and HUVECs, as well as in an in vitro simulation of the BBB. In addition, PCO was able to limit monocyte transmigration across the simulated BBB in response to HIV-1 proteins generated by HL2/3 cells. This suggests that grape seed-derived PCO could be considered as complimentary anti-neuroinflammatory drug in the context of HIV/AIDS.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Neuroinflammasie staan sentraal in die ontwikkeling van MIV-verwante toestande wat gekenmerk word deur neurokognitiewe afteruitgang, veral in die later stadia van die siekte. Aangesien anti-virale middels relatief laat toegedien word in die konteks van neuroinflammasie, is hul rol in die voorkoming van neuroinflammatoriese veranderinge heel moontlik weglaatbaar. MIV+ individue, veral in ontwikkelende lande, gebruik algemeen natuurlike medisinale preparate. Sutherlandia frutescens is een so „n middel wat as „n tee ingeneem word. Verder het ons ook „n nuwe kandidaat komplimentêre medisyne identifiseer – druiwepitekstrak wat polifenole bevat (PCO) het aansienlike anti-inflammatoriese eienskappe in die periferie, bv. in die konteks van skeletspierskade, maar die middel is nog nie voorheen in die konteks van neuroinflammasie of MIV/VIGS ondersoek nie. Hier word die anti-inflammatoriese effektiwiteit van beide middels in hierdie konteks ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van „n in vitro simulasie van die bloedbreinskans (BBS). Metodes: Kulture van menslike astrosiete, menslike naelstring endoteelselle (HUVECs) en primêre menslike monosiete, sowel as gesamentlike kulture (BBS) is met MIV-1 subtipe B en C Tat proteïen en/of HL2/3 selprodukte gestimuleer na voorafbehandeling met S. frutescens of PCO ekstrakte. Effekte op pro-inflammatoriese mediator uitdrukking sowel as monosiet migrasie oor die BBS is ondersoek. Resultate: In ooreenstemming met die literatuur was B Tat meer inflammatories as C Tat, wat die akkuraatheid en gepastheid van ons model bevestig. . S. frutescens het afskeiding van IL-1β betekenisvol verminder (P<0.0001), maar het afskeiding van beide monosiet chemoaantrekkingsproteïen-1 – „n groot rolspeler in MIV-verwante neuroinflammasie – en CD14+ monosiet migrasie oor die BBS vererger (P<0.0001 en P<0.01 onderskeidelik). PCO behandeling het „n betekenisvolle demping van die IL-1β reaksie (P<0.0001) op stimulasie met MIV-geassosieerde proteïene tot gevolg gehad. Anders as S. frutescens het PCO die MCP-1 reaksie, asook CD14+ monosiet migrasie betekenisvol inhibeer. Verder het PCO ook beide GFAP en HSP-27 uitdrukking in astrosiete van die BBS verminder (beide P<0.001). Gevolgtrekkings: Huidige data wys dat die gekombineerde gebruik van HL2/3 selle en die gesimuleerde BBS „n akkurate en fisiologies relevante in vitro model daarstel, waarmee neuroinflammasie in die konteks van MIV/VIGS bestudeer kan word. Ons resultate waarsku verder teen die gebruik van S. frutescens as anti-inflammatoriese middel in selfs die vroeë stadium na MIV infeksie. Oorspronklike data wat hier aangebied word illustreer dat PCO die pro-inflammatoriese reaksie op MIV-proteïene in kulture van astrosiete en HUVECs, asook die in vitro simulasie van die BBS, effektief demp. Verder het PCO die vermoë getoon om monosiet migrasie oor die BBS, in reaksie op MIV-1 proteïene wat hul oorsprong uit HL2/3 selle het, te beperk. Hierdie bevindings beteken dat PCO dus eerder as S. frutescens oorweeg moet word as komplimentêre anti-inflammatoriese medisyne in die konteks van MIV/VIGS.
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20

Kar, Partha. "Effects of grape seed extract in type-2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk : a double blind randomised placebo controlled trial looking at the effects upon metabolic markers, vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.478912.

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21

Jerónimo, Eliana Alexandra Sousa. "Dietary manipulation to inprove the nutritional value of lipids from lamb meat." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15306.

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A carne de borrego é caracterizada por altos teores em ácidos gordos (AG) saturados e baixos níveis de ácidos gordos polinsaturados (AGPI), propriedades que são consideradas prejudicais para a saúde humana. Para atender às recomendações nutricionais é necessário melhorar a sua composição em AG. A principal motivação desta tese foi explorar algumas estratégias nutricionais que permitam melhorar o valor nutricional da fracção lipídica da carne de borrego. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a suplementação das dietas com óleos vegetais ricos em AGPI é uma abordagem eficaz para reduzir a saturação da carne de borrego e aumentar o seu conteúdo em AGPI. Além disso, a suplementação com mistura de óleos de girassol e de linho permitiu aumentar simultaneamente o conteúdo em isómeros conjugados do ácido linoleico e em AGPI n-3 de cadeia longa. A inclusão de bentonite sódica e de Cistus ladanifer em dietas suplementadas com óleo também mostrou ser uma boa abordagem para melhorar a composição em AG da carne de borrego; ABSTRACT: Dietary manipulation to improve the nutritional value of lipids from lamb meat Lamb meat is characterized by high contents of saturated fatty acids and low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), properties that are regarded as being negative to human health. To meet the nutritional recommendations is necessary improving the fatty acid (FA) composition of lamb meat. The main motivation of this thesis was explored some nutritional strategies that allows improve the nutritional value of lipid fraction from lamb meat. Data presented here show that supplementation of diets with vegetable oils rich in PUFA is an effective approach to decrease the saturation of lamb meat and increase its content in PUFA. Moreover, supplementation with blend of sunflower and linseed oils allowed increase simultaneously meat content in conjugated isomers of linoleic acid and n-3 long chain PUFA. Inclusion of sodium bentonite and Cistus ladanifer in oil supplemented diets also showed to be a good approach to improve the FA composition of lamb meat.
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22

Chikoto, Havanakwavo. "Extraction of grape seed to produce a proanthocyanidin rich extract." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40216.

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The aim of this study was to develop a cost-effective process to produce a grape seed extract of high quality using only non-toxic extractants. When this study was started no grape seed extract was produced in South Africa. Large quantities were imported to supply the local demand in the human and animal herbal medicine industry. Grape seed extract is mainly used to boost the immune system of humans and animals based on its antioxidant activity. Initial work with different extractants established the polarity of the compounds with antioxidant activity. Antioxidant related activity was determined with five analysis techniques. Parameters such as the type, preparation and pre-treatment of grape seed, ratio of extractant to grape seed, composition of extractant, extraction time, extraction temperature, the interaction between temperature and time, drying temperature and subsequent treatment of extracts to remove compounds without antioxidant activity were evaluated. In all cases the cost implications of different methods used were kept in mind. Not only the quality but also the quantity extracted is important in establishing a viable extraction plant. According to the patent literature most techniques used to date produce yields of 0.5 to 2.5 %. The laboratory product went through five stages of development. The percentage extracted for our five laboratory products decreased from 12.0, 10.1, 6.0, 5.9 to 5.5 % whereas antioxidant activity for our product increased from 30, 55, 67 78 to 172 % compared to the best available commercial product. An important reason for the success of the procedure developed, is that we analyzed the different products developed with sophisticated procedures that gave information about the chemical composition of the extract. From this information procedures could be developed to increase the yield and activity. The procedure has been licensed to a private company that is in the process of establishing a factory for the large-scale production of grape seed extract. The detail regarding the procedure is confidential to protect the intellectual property and industrial exploitation of the process.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2004.
gm2014
Paraclinical Sciences
unrestricted
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23

Heinz-Taheny, Kathleen M. "Grape seed extract as an adjunct for modulating colon carcinogenesis /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3301146.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 0952. Adviser: Matthew A. Wallig. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-136) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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24

Shih, Ya-Chung, and 史雅中. "The Effect of Grape Seed Extract Supplementation on Marathon Induced Oxidative Stress." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10104193656404492286.

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碩士
國立體育學院
運動科學研究所
93
Strenuous exercise will increase muscle oxygen consumption and might intensify muscle tissue oxidative damage induced by the increased production of superoxide. It is well known that phenolic compounds extraction from grape seed extract (GSE) possess anti-oxidative effect. The present study was to investigate whether grape seed extract supplementation would attenuate muscle cell damage induced after marathon exercise. Sixteen recreational marathon runners were divided into two groups. Each subject was instructed to ingest either a capsule (100 mg phenolic compounds per capsule three times a day) or placebo for 14 days before the marathon race. The results show that malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased after the exercise in both groups as predicted. However, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was not significantly increased. Moreover, all the parameters had no significant differences between two groups. We conclude that GSE supplementation before the marathon race may not have immediately benefit response.
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DINICOLA, SIMONA. "Biological complex functions triggered by grape seed extract in human colon cancer cells." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917582.

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Wu, Mei-Chuan, and 吳美娟. "Effects of grape seed extract on pharmacodynamics of pioglitazone in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29113103612119102096.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
藥學研究所碩士在職專班
97
The incidence of diabetic population is increasing year by year in the worldwide mainly due to a change in the lifestyle and the type of diet. Recent survey data indicate that the certain proportion of diabetes mellitus had consumed dietary supplements (included a multivitamin/mineral and a herbal supplement). Approximately, half of these consumers also took prescription medicines at the same time, raising the potential of drug-dietary supplement interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of grape seed procyanidine in streptozotocin induced type 1diabetic rats and nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. We used a single or simultaneous treatment of pioglitazone (20 mg/kg/day) and grape seed procyanidine (500 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks in diabetic rats. Blood serum was analyzed for blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The results of this study showed that GSPE produced a significant reduction in plasma glucose in type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats. On the other hand, a simultaneous treatment of pioglitazone with GSPE were lowered the blood glucose concentrations compared with the treatment of pioglitazone alone. This result showed that simultaneous administration caused an additive effect. And the insulin level was increased following GSPE treatment in type 2 diabetic rats. However, pioglitazone with or without GSPE had no influence on the insulin levels of diabetic rats. In the lipid profile, GSPE was effective in lowering serum triglyceride levels in diabetic rats, and caused a significant reduction in type 1 diabetic rats. Pioglitazone was effective in lowering serum triglyceride levels in type 2 diabetic rats, and caused a significant reduction in type 2 diabetic rats. While coadministration of pioglitazone with GSPE had an significant additive triglyceride-lower effect in type 1 diabetic rats. Pioglitazone and GSPE either alone or coadministration did not affect total cholesterol in diabetic rats. The present results indicate that pioglitazone and GSPE possesses hypoglycaemic and hypolipicaemic potential. Therefore, the simultaneous administration had synergistic activity. Thus, from our study suggest that the simultaneous of GSPE as a dietary supplement with pioglitazone should be careful. Possibly, adjust the dose of prescription drugs.
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Huang, Shine-Ling, and 黃湘玲. "Effect of grape seed polyphenol extract on melanin biosynthesis in cultured B16-F1 melanoma cells." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14333329462178439359.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
營養科學研究所
92
Melanogenesis is an oxidative process. Grape contains much higher level of phenolics and showed good antioxidant activity. Grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE) by 60℃ drying processing showed good antioxidant activity. Firstly, the effect of melanogenesis in cultured B16-F1 melanoma cells was discussed. Secondly, the effects of commercial grape product and vitamin C on melanogenesis in cultured B16-F1 melanoma cells was measured. Thirdly, the effect of mixture of vitamin C and GSPE on melanogenesis in cultured B16-F1 melanoma cells was determined. Result revealed that GSPE showed inhibition on the melanin formation and secretion from B16-F1 melanoma cells at 72hrs. Therefore, this study also showed inhibition on the melanin formation and secretion from B16-F1 melanoma cells induced by UVA irradiation. Commercial grape product and vitamin C also inhibited the melanin formation and secretion from B16-F1 melanoma cells. Mixture of vitamin C and GSPE also showed inhibition on the melanin formation and secretion from B16-F1 melanoma cells. All results showed that GSPE inhibited the melanin formation and secretion from B16-F1 melanoma cells.
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Rojas, Monroy Martha Cecilia. "Effect of grape seed extract on oxidative stability of meat systems and a model system /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3301218.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 0752. Adviser: Elvira de Mejia. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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29

Parra, Javiera Fernanda Rubilar. "Development of chitosan packaging films with carvacrol and grape seed extract as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/5851.

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In order to produce packaging films with a broad spectrum of action on microorganisms, the effect of two antimicrobial (AM) to be included in the films, carvacrol and GSE were studied separately on different microorganisms. Carvacrol was more effective against the grampositive bacteria than against the gram-negative bacterium. GSE was not effective against yeast. Subsequently, a search for optimal combinations of carvacrol, GSE and the addition of chitosan (as a third component with film forming properties) was carried out. Response surface analysis showed several synergetic effects and three optimal AM combinations (OAMC) were obtained for each microorganism. The experimental validation confirmed that the optimal solutions found can successfully predict the response for each microorganism. The optimization of mixtures of the three components, but this time, using the same concentration for all microorganisms, was also studied to obtain an OAMC with wide spectrum of activity. The results of the response surface analysis showed several synergistic effects for all microorganisms. Three OAMC, OAMC-1, OAMC-2, OAMC-3, were found to be the optimal mixtures for all microorganisms. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the different agents was then compared with a standard antioxidant (AOX) BHT, at different concentrations; as also at the OAMC. The RSA increased in the following order: chitosanHoje em dia, as embalagens fazem parte da vida do próprio alimento. Existem embalagens passivas ou activas. A embalagem passiva (EP) pretende somente isolar (embalagem tradicional), pelo que é essencial cuidar do material e da sua composição para conhecer as suas limitações e riscos potenciais. Nesta categoria incluem-se a maior parte das embalagens tradicionais. Existem inovações nas EP’s que aumentam a função de barreira, como a selecção de materiais impermeáveis ou de permeabilidade selectiva para que as embalagens se ajustem a produtos que "respiram". Na maioria dos casos, as inovações recentes estão ligadas ao custo e à optimização do desempenho da função de barreira da embalagem. Pelo contrário, a embalagem activa (EA) é algo completamente diferente. Na realidade, na aparência são como as embalagens clássicas com uma diferença notável: o conhecimento do comportamento dos materiais nomeadamente a sua capacidade de incluir compostos na sua estrutura molecular que migrem através desta, permite impregna-los com substâncias antimicrobianas que possam actuar como conservantes, ser potenciadoras de algumas características interessantes do produto ou melhoradoras do produto desde o ponto de vista de qualidade ou de segurança do mesmo. Com excepção de um número muito limitado de alimentos, todos os outros se deterioram a uma determinada velocidade após embalamento e durante a armazenagem. O princípio da EA com propriedades antimicrobianas (AM) e antioxidantes (AOX) baseia-se no facto de que, na maioria dos alimentos sólidos ou semi-sólidos, o crescimento microbiano ou reacção de oxidação ocorrer à superfície do alimento, e através do seu contato com o filme de embalagem, se conseguir um prolongamento do período de latência com consequente redução da velocidade de crescimento microbiano ou a sequestração dos radicais livres no caso das reacções de oxidação aumentando o prazo de validade. As EA com propriedades antimicrobianas são actualmente uma das áreas mais desenvolvidas e com futuro na conservação de alimentos perecíveis depois dos absorvedores de oxigénio. O objectivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver, caracterizar e estudar o efeito de EA com diferentes combinações de extracto de graínha de uva (EGU), carvacrol e quitosano, com propiedades antimicrobianas e antioxidantes. Este trabalho contribuirá para o desenvolvimento de embalagens amigas do ambiente, com uma melhoria na preservação dos alimentos e aumento do seu tempo de prateleira.
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30

Tournour, Hernan Horacio. "Skin and seed grape extract as an antioxidant for Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat, during frozen storage." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78702.

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31

Kuo, Hui-Chuan, and 郭慧娟. "Evaluation of the Inhibition Effects of Grape Seed Extract in Cytokine - Induced Endothelial Cells Inflammatory Response." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29276795130530143846.

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碩士
中原大學
醫學工程研究所
96
Inflammatory reactions usually involve complex interactions that are between circulating system, resident leukocytes and the vascular endothelium. In many studies, they demonstrated the grape seed extract (GSE) have antioxidant effect which can prevent cell injure. Therefore, we expect to study the protective effect of GSE in cytokine induced cell injure. In this study, we used the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) primary culture as a cell model and inducer tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to evaluate the anti-inflammatory functions of GSE. We also used the TNF-α (20ng/ml) to induce the inflammatory reactions in HUVECs. The cells viability, monocyte adhesion (Cell adhesion), adhesion molecular ICAM-1 (Enzyme-linked immunoassay, ELISA), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) proteins expressed (western blot analysis) were detected by several assay methods in this study. The results showed that HUVECs proliferation was increased when GSE was added to the cultures. Three different concentrations of GSE (50μg/ml, 100μg/ml, and 200μg/ml) could increase cell proliferations. The GSE (50μg/ml, 100μg/ml) also showed the protective ability to reduce monocytes adhesion, and ICAM-1 secreted in inflammatory response induced by TNF-α. We found that COX-2 protein level expressed in HUVECs was induced and reduced by cultured with GSE. Our results suggested that the extract of grape seed has the possibility to be an anti-inflammatory product.
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32

Tournour, Hernan Horacio. "Skin and seed grape extract as an antioxidant for Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat, during frozen storage." Tese, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78702.

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33

Chen, Kuan-ming, and 陳冠銘. "Inhibition of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-mediated allergic responses by grape seed extract in mast cells." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50591957456038176735.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
生物科技學系碩士班
100
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) have been used to increase the flexibility of the poly vinyl chloride (PVC) plastic products, including food packaging, children’s toys and medical devices. It can be absorbed into human body via air and water through burning and burying the plastic products. In this study, we investigated the up-regulated effect of DEHP on type I hypersensitivity and the inhibitory effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on DEHP-induced mast cell degranulation and related signaling cascade. Our experiment evaluated the up-regulation of degranulation, intracellular Ca2+ level, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and TH2-associated cytokine expression in DEHP-treated RBL-2H3 cells. DEHP also induced interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and transcription factor c-Maf on EL-4 T lymphoma cells. Our result revealed that grape seed extracts (75~100 μg/ml) decreased the DEHP-mediated release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase in RBL-2H3. We also found GSE inhibited the intracellular Ca2+ level, MAPK phosphorylation on DEHP-treated RBL-2H3, which result in the down-regulation of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression. In conclusion, DEHP can promote type I hypersensitivity, and we speculated that GSEs might inhibit allergic responses caused by DEHP.
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34

Wang, Shih-Wei, and 王詩維. "The effects of the grape seed extract Naven-5 on diabetes related parameters in patient with hyperuricemia." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75229813021034160459.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
藥學研究所碩士在職專班
100
Background Since the 1990s, the craze for finding the healthiest foods has been in full swing. Grape extract has excellent antioxidant and it has become the symbol of a healthy diet, properties no serious side effects have been reported to date. Hyperglycemia is a common metabolic disease all over the world. This study investigates the effects of grape extract Naven-5 in patients with high plasma glucose and signs of inflammation. We evaluated the effect of this study subjects through monitoring serum parameters. Materials and methods This study used grape extract as the material source and modified it into a new extract - “Naven-5”. Since gaining permission from the IRB (Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital), the clinical trial for the target extract has been finished. All patients who had chronic disease, such as hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia, were enrolled in the study. Oral dosage was setup and provided for those patients daily. The enrolled patients could keep their routine medication during the period of observation, and the laboratory data were obtained from the beginning to the end of this study. Results 100 hospitalized patients are enrolled, in this study 23 subjects drop out between this trial, 46 subjects are hyperglycemia. The HbA1c final result has no statistically significant meaning, but it has a positive trend. The FPG final result P < 0.0008 has statistically significant meaning, showed us Naven-5 indeed can prevent FPG increased. Conclusions The results show the Naven-5 is safety health food, and also can improve FPG and related parameters value. This result may not be very good, but it is clinically important as a reference basis. Keywords Grape seed extract, Anti-oxidation, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Inflammation, Glucose Ante Cibum (AC), Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, A1c), Naven-5.
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35

Rui-JunLiu and 劉芮君. "The impact of grape seed extract on the growth of bacteria and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9n59c7.

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36

Chen, Wen-Chyuan, and 陳文詮. "Effects of A Short-term Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Biomarker Change." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84906891999011147891.

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博士
國立臺灣體育大學(桃園)
體育研究所
96
This study investigated the effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) supplement on oxidative stress, inflammatory situation, muscle damage, heart rate and relative biological marker responses at post-exercise point and during recovery phase after endurance exercise. In this randomized, crossover study, ten healthy not sports-related department students were randomly divided into two groups, each one took either a placebo or GSPE 500mg, then performed a single bout of exercise at an estimated speed corresponding to the 75﹪VO2max to run exhausting. Blood samples of each people were collected before exercise, and 0, 30, 60, 120 minutes, day1, day2, day3, day5 and day7 after exercise, respectively. The experiment was repeated two weeks later, but treatments were exchanged for two groups. The concentrations of GSH, GSSG, MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, NH3, glucose and lactate were examined. Besides these, activity of creatine kinase and LDH, the amount of WBC, exercising time and heart rate were also examined. No differences in the levels of GSH, GSSG, MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, glucose, lactate, activity of creatine kinase and LDH between the two groups were observed at post-exercise. However, the concentration of NH3 and heart rate were significantly lower in the GSPE group, compared to that in the PL group at post-exercise. During the recovery phase, only heart rate was lower in GSPE group compare to that in the PL group at 120 minutes recovery period. The results indicated that GSPE supplementation before exercise may not enhance exercise performance, reduce oxidative stress, alleviate muscle damage, anti-fatigue and anti-inflammation.
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37

Chen, Shih-Jen, and 陳詩仁. "The clinical effects of the grape seed extract Naven-5 on hyperuricemia treatment and related serum biochemical values." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32411950709393897580.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
藥學研究所碩士在職專班
99
Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disease all over the world. It may induce episodes of gouty arthritis, renal stone and joint deformity. Though effective medical treatment was proved, the side effect of medication is still concerned. The grape seed extract is well-known natural material on anti- oxidation effect without any serious adverse effects. We try to evaluate the effect of the grape extract (Naven-5) on hyperuricemia patients and monitor serum biochemical parameters. After IRB permission, the clinical trial for the target extract is ongoing. All patients who had serum uric acid concentration over 8 mg/dl were enrolled into this study if they agreed the informed consent. Oral dosage was setup and provided for those patients daily. The enrolled patients could keep their routine medication during the period of observation, and the serum biochemical data were obtained from the beginning to the end of study. The period of Naven-5 intake should be lasted for more than 4 weeks. Gout frequency was record during the observation period. The results of this human trial showed that Naven-5 can effectively reduce the serum uric acid, and using Naven-5 in the treatment of hyperuricemia is not only possible but also indeed feasible in current clinical practice. Moreover, the clinical trial of Naven-5 showed the improvement of relevant biochemical data with significant statistical meaning or a clear trend. In particular, to reduce serum triglycerides is quite desired effect. Keywords: grape seed extract, Naven-5, hyperuricemia, gout, uric acid, antioxidant, triglycerides, xanthine, hypoxanthine
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38

Hung, Mei-Huei, and 洪美惠. "Investigation of the potential anti-allergic properties of grape seed extract via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 in RBL-2H3 mast cells." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28523797950365616694.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
生物科技學系碩士班
99
Allergy is a global disease, and due to socio-economic development, there is a higher incidence of the allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Allergy reaction occurs as a result of the antigen in the environment binds to immunoglobulin E followed by its binding with FcεRI upon the cells. This results in the activation and degranulation of mast cells and basophils and the release of inflammatory mediators including histamine, chemotactic factor, platelet activating factor, leukotriene, and prostaglandin. The aim of this study was to examine whether grape seed extracts (GSE) could inhibit the expression of FcεRI on mast surface, or influence the allergic pathway, which may develop anti-allergic drugs. Current studies have found that bioflavonoids possess anti-oxidant effect, and can be extracted from many plants. GSE contain a large amount of bioflavonoids, and among those, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) is the main one. GSE have high antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging properties that can be beneficial to the human health. In recent studies, it was suggested that the consumption of fruits and vegetables can help reducing the risks of various cancers including breast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. To investigate whether GSE can inhibit the allergic reaction, flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze GSE treated RBL-2H3 mast cells. The results demonstrated that FcεRI on the cell surface increased and intracellular mRNA levels expression was significantly enhanced. For further investigation, RT-PCR, real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to test the allergic pathway affected by GSE and increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cells treated with GSE was observed. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the transcription factor of heme oxygenase-1, into the cell nuclease to regulate HO-1 expression. In conclusion, the thesis proves that GSE inhibit allergic reactions through up-regulating HO-1 expression and by the cytoproduction of CO and bilirubin.
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39

Schlicht, Alberto. "Enhancement of the non-specific immune response, pigmentation and growth of farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fed a combination of dietary flavonoids (grape seed extract, KPA®) and astaxanthin." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15076.

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Salmon farming is a flourishing aquaculture industry throughout the world and relies on intensive husbandry practices and well balanced diets to succeed. As in agriculture, genetics, health, husbandry, and nutrition are the main pillars of a successful and sustainable industry. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll pigment with antioxidant properties, is incorporated into farmed salmon diets to provide the desirable red colour in flesh. Dietary antioxidant supplements (i.e. vitamins, flavonoids) have been shown to fight free radicals normally formed during aerobic metabolism and generated in excess during some physiological and pathological processes (i.e. exercise, disease). This research was conducted to investigate the role of dietary supplementation, with grape seed extract and astaxanthin, on pigmentation, growth and the immune response, of pre-smolt and post-smolt chinook salmon spp maintained in freshwater (FW) and saltwater (SW). Four experimental diets were formulated that contained uniform amounts of astaxanthin (60 ppm) and one of two concentrations (low and high) of grape seed extract (Kikkoman Proanthocyanidins, KPA®). The control diet (no astaxanthin, no KPA®), astaxanthin diet (astaxanthin, no KPA®), low KPA® diet (astaxanthin, 100 ppm KPA®), and high KPA® diet (astaxanthin, 1000 ppm KPA®) were fed for 32 days to pre-smolt chinook salmon in FW tanks, and 155 days to post-smolt chinook salmon in SW growout seacages. Pre-smolts fed fortified diets with the antioxidants KPA® and astaxanthin, showed a significantly (p=0.043) larger weight gain than fish groups fed the control diet after 32 days. There were no significant weight differences among the groups ingesting the antioxidant-fortified diets. The specific growth rates (SGR) and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were not significantly different between groups fed the four experimental diets in FW. Conversely, muscle astaxanthin concentrations were significantly higher (p=0.019) in groups fed the astaxanthin-containing diets compared to baseline values and fish fed the control diet. There were no significant differences either in the concentration of astaxanthin in fish muscle or on the apparent astaxanthin retention coefficients (AARC) in salmon fed either the astaxanthin, low or high KPA® diets. After a feeding period of 155 days in SW, post-smolts fed the high KPA® diet had a significantly higher deposition of astaxanthin in muscle (p=0.036), higher visual colour score in fillets as measured by the Roche Salmofan® (p=0.029), and greater wet weight gain (p<0.001) than those fed the other three diets. Following a disease challenge with Vibrio anguillarum, pre-smolts fed the high KPA® diet had a significantly lower (p=0.038) cumulative mortality among diet treatments, as well as a significantly greater (p=0.025) number of circulating leucocytes (p=0.025), neutrophils (p=0.018), and monocytes (p=0.034). Furthermore, the lysozyme activity both in plasma and head kidney, and the neutrophil respiratory burst activity were significantly greater in fish fed the high KPA® diet, (p=0.029, p=0.037, and p=0.027, respectively). It is concluded that the addition of antioxidants (proanthocyanidins and astaxanthin) to a chinook salmon diet significantly enhanced the humoral and cellular non-specific immune response factors and was related to a lower cumulative mortality after the disease challenge. Furthermore, the deposition efficiency of the carotenoid astaxanthin, and growth-related variables in farmed chinook salmon were also significantly affected by the combination of dietary antioxidants.
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