Academic literature on the topic 'Granuloma'
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Journal articles on the topic "Granuloma"
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Mattila, Joshua T., Victoria A. Gould, Beth A. Junecko, et al. "Bacteria load and hypoxia contribute to glucose uptake by macrophages and T cells in cynomolgus macaque granulomas." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 50.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.50.22.
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Abstract Granulomas form during tuberculosis (TB) and restrain bacterial dissemination but are also sites of mycobacterial replication and persistence. The immunometabolic state of cells in granulomas has immunologic and diagnostic relevance and PET-CT with the glucose analog FDG demonstrates that granuloma glucose uptake is dynamic and heterogenous within a host. Basic details on glucose uptake, including the cells responsible for FDG PET signal, have not been resolved and filling these gaps will improve interpretation of PET data in TB. Our objective was to identify relationships between glucose (FDG) uptake and granuloma composition and to identify factors that drive this process in M. tuberculosis-infected cynomolgus macaques. We used glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) to identity cells that may be using glucose as an energy source in granulomas, and compared these data with the cell’s microenvironment, and the granuloma’s bacteria load and FDG PET data to determine how these factors influence GLUT1 expression. We found that GLUT1 was strongly expressed by myeloid cell subsets in specific granuloma microenvironments and this pattern was conserved in granulomas from different organs. We also identified macrophage subsets and T cells that may be important contributors to a granuloma’s potential glucose (FDG) uptake when their GLUT1 expression and population sizes were considered. We also correlated granuloma bacteria loads and hypoxia with GLUT1 expression, suggesting that bacterial antigens and hypoxic conditions drive a granuloma’s glucose uptake. Taken together, our data suggest that granuloma glycolysis and FDG uptake are driven, in part, by cell subset-specific responses to a granuloma’s microbial and microenvironmental milieu. This work was supported by NIH grants AI134183 and AI118195.
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Cardoso, Marcos S., Tânia M. Silva, Mariana Resende, Rui Appelberg та Margarida Borges. "Lack of the Transcription Factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) in Macrophages Accelerates the Necrosis of Mycobacterium avium-Induced Granulomas". Infection and Immunity 83, № 9 (2015): 3534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00144-15.
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The establishment of mycobacterial infection is characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are well-organized aggregates of immune cells, namely, infected macrophages. The granuloma's main function is to constrain and prevent dissemination of the mycobacteria while focusing the immune response to a limited area. In some cases these lesions can grow progressively into large granulomas which can undergo central necrosis, thereby leading to their caseation. Macrophages are the most abundant cells present in the granuloma and are known to adapt under hypoxic conditions in order to avoid cell death. Our laboratory has developed a granuloma necrosis model that mimics the human pathology ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, using C57BL/6 mice infected intravenously with a low dose of a highly virulent strain ofMycobacterium avium. In this work, a mouse strain deleted of the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) under the Cre-lox system regulated by the lysozyme M gene promoter was used to determine the relevance of HIF-1α in the caseation of granulomas. The genetic ablation of HIF-1α in the myeloid lineage causes the earlier emergence of granuloma necrosis and clearly induces an impairment of the resistance againstM. aviuminfection coincident with the emergence of necrosis. The data provide evidence that granulomas become hypoxic before undergoing necrosis through the analysis of vascularization and quantification of HIF-1α in a necrotizing mouse model. Our results show that interfering with macrophage adaptation to hypoxia, such as through HIF-1α inactivation, accelerates granuloma necrosis.
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Hogan, Laura H., Wes Markofski, Anja Bock, Brittany Barger, James D. Morrissey, and Matyas Sandor. "Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Induced Granuloma Formation Depends on Gamma Interferon and CD40 Ligand but Does Not Require CD28." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 4 (2001): 2596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.4.2596-2603.2001.
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ABSTRACT Progressive granuloma formation is a hallmark of chronic mycobacterial infection. Granulomas are localized, protective inflammatory reactions initiated by CD4+ T cells, which contribute to control of bacterial growth and blockade of bacterial dissemination. In order to understand the costimulatory requirements that allow CD4+ T cells to directly or indirectly induce granulomas, we studied granuloma formation after 6 weeks inMycobacterium bovis BCG-infected CD28- and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-deficient mice and compared it to granuloma formation in infected wild-type inbred mice and infected cytokine-deficient mice. We characterized granulomas morphologically in liver sections, analyzed granuloma infiltrating cells by flow cytometry, and measured cytokine production by cultured granuloma cells. CD28-deficient mice have no defect at the local inflammatory site, inasmuch as they form protective granulomas and control bacterial growth. However, there are fewer activated T cells in the spleen compared to infected wild-type animals, and quantitative differences in the cellular composition of the granuloma are observed by flow cytometry. In CD40L-deficient mice, the granuloma phenotype is very similar to the phenotype in gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-deficient mice. Both IFN-γ-deficient and CD40L-deficient mice form granulomas which prevent bacterial dissemination, but control of bacterial growth is significantly impaired. The relative proportion of CD4+ T cells in granulomas from both CD28−/− and CD40L−/−mice is significantly decreased compared with wild-type animals. Both models demonstrate that the phenotype and activation stage of systemic T cells do not always correlate with the phenotype and activation stage of the localized granulomatous response.
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Rumbley, Catherine A., S. Ali Zekavat, Hiroko Sugaya, Peter J. Perrin, Mohamad Ali Ramadan, and S. Michael Phillips. "The Schistosome Granuloma: Characterization of Lymphocyte Migration, Activation, and Cytokine Production." Journal of Immunology 161, no. 8 (1998): 4129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.8.4129.
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Abstract Granuloma formation and its regulation are dependent on lymphocytes. Therefore, we compared the characteristics of lymphocytes derived from the spleens and granulomas of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice during the course of their disease. We examined lymphocyte cell cycle kinetics, migration, expression of activation Ags (CD69 and IL-2R), cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ), and apoptosis. Lymphocytes in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and high levels of lymphocyte intracellular IL-2 were found in the spleen but not in the granuloma. Cell trafficking experiments showed Ag-specific recruitment of schistosomal egg Ag (SEA)-reactive lymphoblasts into granulomas in vivo, as well as recruitment to, residence within, and egress from granulomas in vitro. Granuloma-derived lymphocytes were more highly activated than splenic lymphocytes based on higher levels of CD69 and IL-2R expression. While the granuloma microenvironment was rich in Th2 cytokines, during peak granuloma formation, the lymphocytes per se from the spleen and granuloma did not exhibit a dominant Th1 or Th2 cytokine profile, producing low but similar levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ. The discrepancy between high IL-2R expression and low levels of IL-2 protein production by granuloma lymphocytes was associated with increased apoptosis in the granuloma compared with the spleen. These findings support the hypothesis that granulomas may play a role in the regulation of systemic pathology in schistosomiasis by adversely affecting the survival of SEA-reactive, immunopathogenic T lymphocytes.
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Fitzgerald, Liam E., Naiara Abendaño, Ramon A. Juste, and Marta Alonso-Hearn. "Three-DimensionalIn VitroModels of Granuloma to Study Bacteria-Host Interactions, Drug-Susceptibility, and Resuscitation of Dormant Mycobacteria." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/623856.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mycobacterium leprae,Mycobacterium bovis,andMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosiscan survive within host macrophages in a dormant state, encased within an organized aggregate of immune host cells called granuloma. Granulomas consist of uninfected macrophages, foamy macrophages, epithelioid cells, and T lymphocytes accumulated around infected macrophages. Within granulomas, activated macrophages can fuse to form multinucleated giant cells, also called giant Langhans cells. A rim of T lymphocytes surrounds the core, and a tight coat of fibroblast closes the structure. Severalin vivomodels have been used to study granuloma’s structure and function, but recently developedin vitromodels of granuloma show potential for closer observation of the early stages of host’s responses to live mycobacteria. This paper reviews culture conditions that resulted in three-dimensional granulomas, formed by the adhesion of cell populations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with mycobacteria. The similarities of these models to granulomas encountered in clinical specimens include cellular composition, granulomas’ cytokine production, and cell surface antigens. A reliablein vitrodormancy model may serve as a useful platform to test whether drug candidates can kill dormant mycobacteria. Novel drugs that target dormancy-specific pathways may shorten the current long, difficult treatments necessary to cure mycobacterial diseases.
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Herbath, Melinda, Jeffrey S. Harding, Sarah Marcus, et al. "Regulators of mycobacterial granuloma formation – CCL2 and VEGF-A." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (2018): 42.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.42.7.
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Abstract Granulomas are macrophage dominated lesions and are a central feature of mycobacterial infections. These cell aggregates are dynamically changing structures as the life span of the granuloma recruited effector cells is relatively short and the cells have to be replaced. CCL2 and VEGF-A are required for granuloma maintenance as blocking the action of these chemokines results in reduction of granuloma size and number after BCG or Mtb infections. We seek to elucidate the relevance of these two cytokines in the timeline of mycobacterial infections and their relative contribution to granuloma formation. CD11c+ cell immigration is impaired, costimulatory molecule expression is lower and granulomas are smaller while the bacterial burden is higher in the liver when CCR2KO mice are infected i.p. with M. bovis BCG. Similarly, in animals that are selectively deficient in macrophage VEGF-A production the granulomas are smaller. Granuloma cells produce VEGF-A. Caseating granulomas, like the ones induced in C3HeB/FeJ (Kramnik) mice are hypoxic and hypoxia is a strong inducer of VEGF-A production. Sarcoid lesions induced by BCG or Mtb in B6 mice are not hypoxic but we show that ATP released from dead cells induces VEGF-A in a subpopulation of macrophages in the granulomas. Additionally, VEGF production proved to be dependent on granuloma size: bigger granulomas produce larger quantities of VEGF-A while smaller lesions produce less or none. This finding suggests that unlike other chemokines such as CCL2, which is described to be involved in both granuloma initiation and maintenance, VEGF-A may support an increased lesion size in the late acute phase of infection. Regulating cellular recruitment may provide new therapies for granulomatous diseases.
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Dhakal, Mona, Om Prakash Dhakal, Mingma Sherpa, Amlan Gupta, and Dhurba Bhandari. "Large gastric ulcer: Result of foreign body-induced giant cell reaction." Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 04, no. 03 (2013): 078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-5042.129974.
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AbstractA granuloma is an organized and compact mass of mature mononuclear phagocytes. Granulomas are reported to form in various organs and sites of the body. Granulomas in stomach are rarely encountered. Foreign body granulomas are formed as a result of reaction of the tissues to a foreign body which is immunologically inert. Food granuloma is type of foreign body granuloma which is formed in response to food particles like vegetable matters or cereals. These granulomas can be distinguished from other types of granulomas with ease because of their characteristic morphologic features. We report the case of a 29-year-old male who developed a large gastric ulcer as a result of foreign body–induced giant cell reaction, which was probably of vegetative origin. He was treated with the regimen for Helicobacter pylori, rabeprazole and sucralfate. This treatment resulted in partial healing of the ulcer with persistence of food granuloma; hence, the patient was referred for surgery.
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Metwali, A., D. Elliott, R. Mathew, A. Blum, and J. V. Weinstock. "IL-2 contributes to the IL-5 response in granulomas from mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni." Journal of Immunology 150, no. 2 (1993): 536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.2.536.
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Abstract Th cells within the granulomas of murine schistosomiasis mansoni produce IL-5, which is essential for granuloma eosinophil growth and development. The mechanisms regulating granuloma IL-5 production are unknown. The granulomas also make IL-2 in small quantities. rIL-2 therapy stimulates eosinophilia and IL-5 synthesis. Therefore, we studied the effect of IL-2 on IL-5 production within the liver granulomas of murine Schistosoma mansoni. Dispersed granuloma cells and intact granulomas cultured in vitro released IL-5. Adding anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-2R to the cultures, to block IL-2 activity, significantly inhibited IL-5 production. However, supplementing the cultures with small quantities of rIL-2 markedly stimulated IL-5 release in a dose-dependent fashion. Blocking anti-IL-4 mAb had no effect. Also, granuloma T cells were isolated by FACS. These highly purified T cells produced IL-5 both in the presence and absence of plate-bound anti-CD3. Once again, the IL-5 production was dependent on IL-2. The requirement of IL-2 for normal IL-5 production was not dependent on an IL-2-induced expansion of the IL-5-producing, T lymphocyte population. Thus, IL-2 mediates T cell interactions within the granuloma that regulate granuloma IL-5 secretion.
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Patel, Kinari X. "Granulomatous Manifestations Associated with Animals and a Novel Potential Zoonotic Infection from Elephant Washing." Medical & Clinical Research 9, no. 10 (2024): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/mcr.09.10.03.
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Zoonotic infections are group of contagions that are transmitted from animals to humans. These are acquired from domestic and wild animals by different routes. Presentation can vary between systemic and cutaneous manifestation. A granuloma is a skin manifestation, that is named due to its appearance under a microscope. A wide range of skin pathologies exist, where granulomas are a prominent feature of their presentation. We report a case of a patient who presented with a solitary lesion on her hand, reminiscent of granulomata, following a trip to India where she was involved in washing elephants. Interestingly, the lesion exhibited similar features to that of fish tank granuloma, but there was no history of cleaning fish tanks or aquariums.
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Talita Shofa Adestia. "In vitro Tuberculosis Granuloma Model in M. tuberculosis H37Rv." Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana 25, no. 1 (2023): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbp.v25i1.2023.66-73.
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M. tuberculosis is a bacterium that has many evasion mechanisms against the immune system, one of them is the formation of granulomas which is beneficial for the bacteria’s survival. The granuloma structure is useful for limiting the spread of M. tuberculosis and localizing infection, also considered as part of M. tuberculosis life cycle that successful fighting the body's immune system. This study aims to look at the formation of an in vitro tuberculous granuloma model. This study used the True Experiment type which began with blood sampling, PBMC isolation, macrophage isolation, MOI 10 making and granulomas making. Granulomas were observed on day 0, 1, 4, 7, 9, 10 and 14. Cells started to aggress on day 1 and giant cells were seen on day 4. The granuloma formed on day 9 and was maintained on day 10, however, the granuloma ruptured on day 14 which caused the cells to re-aggregate.
 Keywords: Granuloma, M. tuberculosis, PBMC
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Granuloma"
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Rimoli, Caroline Fernandes [UNESP]. "Tratamento de granulomas laríngeos decorrentes de intubação endotraqueal: revisão sistemática e metanálise proporcional." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/147991.
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Previous issue date: 2016-11-17<br>Introdução: os granulomas laríngeos são lesões benignas, não neoplásicas, uni ou bilaterais, de etiologia variável, que ocorrem no terço posterior das pregas vocais ou na região aritenoídea. Os sintomas são diversos, sendo o mais comum a rouquidão. Os granulomas decorrentes de intubação são altamente recidivantes e não existe consenso quanto ao melhor tratamento. Objetivo: comparar a efetividade dos tratamentos dos granulomas laríngeos decorrentes de intubação endotraqueal. Métodos: foram realizadas revisão sistemática e metanálise proporcional de estudos sobre o tratamento de granulomas laríngeos decorrentes de intubação endotraqueal, seja ele primário ou recidivante. Os critérios de elegibilidade foram: ensaios clínicos randomizados e estudos prospectivos controlados, e na ausência destes, aceitos também estudos retrospectivos e prospectivos não controlados com no mínimo cinco participantes. Os desfechos estudados foram resolução, recidiva e tempo para resolução do granuloma. Os estudos foram identificados na base de dados Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs e Cochrane. Para a análise dos dados e metanálise, utilizou-se o programa StatsDirect 3.0.121. Resultados: dentre os 578 artigos encontrados, 61 foram lidos na íntegra e seis selecionados para a revisão, totalizando 85 pacientes, com idade variando de 21 a 86 anos. Os tratamentos encontrados foram: antirrefluxo, fonoterapia, anti-inflamatórios, corticoterapia, antibioticoterapia, sulfato de zinco e cirurgia. Para o tratamento primário, foram estudados 85 pacientes, de seis estudos, divididos em dois grupos: cirúrgico ± associações (41 pacientes), com chance de resolução de 75% (IC 95%: 0,3% a 100%, I2= 90%), e risco absoluto de recidiva de 25% (IC 95%: 0,2% a 71%), e clínico (44 pacientes), com chance de resolução de 86% (IC 95%: 67% a 97%), e risco absoluto de recidiva de 14% (IC 95%: 3% a 33%). Na interpretação da metanálise, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos, já que houve sobreposição dos intervalos de confiança. Três estudos, englobando 19 pacientes, estudaram o tratamento secundário (quando houve insucesso ou recidiva após o tratamento primário), sendo que três indivíduos apresentaram nova recidiva. O tempo de tratamento necessário para a resolução das lesões variou muito, desde imediato, como após as cirurgias, como até 23 meses, no caso do corticosteroide inalatório (budesonida). O sulfato de zinco levou um tempo de quatro a 12 semanas. O tratamento antirrefluxo não teve um tempo bem especificado em todos os estudos. Conclusão: não identificamos diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as modalidades de tratamento para os granulomas de intubação. Certamente, esse resultado foi influenciado pela falta de estudos mais abrangentes e criteriosos, principalmente ensaios clínicos, e também pelo número reduzido de pacientes em cada estudo. O tratamento que apresentou menor tempo médio para resolução do granuloma foi o cirúrgico, e o maior, corticosteroide (budesonida) inalatório.<br>Introduction: laryngeal granulomas are benign, non-neoplastic lesions that can occur unilaterally or bilaterally for various causes. They are usually located in the posterior third of the vocal folds or in the arytenoid region. Patients may present a number of symptoms, the main one being hoarseness. Post-intubation granulomas are highly recurrent and there is no consensus on the best treatment. Objective: to compare the effectiveness of treatments of laryngeal granulomas secondary to endotracheal intubation. Methods: systematic review and proportion meta-analysis of studies that address the treatment of laryngeal granulomas caused by endotracheal intubation. The eligibility criteria were: randomized controlled trials and controlled prospective studies, and in the absence of these, retrospective and prospective uncontrolled studies were also accepted, with at least five participants. The outcomes that were measured were resolution, recurrence and time to resolve the granuloma. Databases searched were Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs and Cochrane. Statistical analysis was performed with the StatsDirect version 3.0.121 software. Results: among the 578 articles found, 61 were eligible for full reading and 11 articles were included, involving 85 patients, with ages varying from 21 to 86 years). The treatments were: anti-reflux, speech therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, antibiotics, zinc sulfate and surgery. For the primary treatment, 85 patients were investigated in six studies, divided into two groups: surgical ± associations (41 patients), with chance of resolution of 75% (95% CI: 0,3% to 100%, I2= 90%), and absolute risk of recurrence of 25% (95% CI: 0,2% to 71%) and clinical (44 patients), with chance of resolution of 86% (95% CI: 67% to 97%), and absolute risk of recurrence of 14% (95% CI: 3 to 33%). In the interpretation of the meta-analysis, there was no statistical significance between the groups, since there was an overlap of confidence intervals. Three studies involving 19 patients analyzed secondary treatment (when there was failure or recidive after primary treatment). Three patients had a new recurrence. The treatment time required for the resolution of the lesions varied greatly, from immediate, as after surgery, as up to 23 months, in the case of inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide). The zinc sulfate took a time of four to 12 weeks. The antireflux treatment did not have a well-specified time in all studies. Conclusion: we have not identified a statistical significance between the treatment modalities for intubation granulomas. Certainly, this result was influenced by the lack of more comprehensive and solid studies, particularly clinical trials, and also by the small number of patients in each study. The treatment that had the lowest mean time to resolve the granuloma was surgery, and the highest was inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide).
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Sado, Ricardo Yuji. "Filogenia do processo inflamatório em animais ectotérmicos: estudo comparativo entre peixes teleósteos primitivos e modernos inoculados com BCG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-08072005-095310/.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar aspectos histológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e ultraestruturais da resposta inflamatória induzida experimentalmente, através da inoculação de BCG por via intramuscular em peixes filogeneticamente primitivos do gênero Arius sp e modernos do gênero Centropomus sp, com o intuito de estabelecer parâmetros comparativos da resposta inflamatória do ponto de vista filogenético entre peixes modernos e primitivos. Os resultados mostram haver diferenças na resposta inflamatória entre peixes modernos e primitivos; sendo que o primeiro tem capacidade de organização da lesão em granulomas típicos e células epitelióides secretoras de proteína S100 e citoqueratina, e que ao longo do experimento desenvolveu junções desmossômicas entre si; enquanto peixes primitivos não possuem capacidade de organização da lesão, não formando granulomas, apenas células gigantes secretoras de proteína S100. Não houve participação expressiva de células gigantes e pigmentares na resposta inflamatória no gênero Centropomus sp, sugerindo ser uma característica relacionada à espécie, contrariando alguns resultados verificados em peixes modernos no que diz respeito à participação de células pigmentares.<br>The aim of this study was the evaluation of the histological, imunohistochemical and ultra structural aspect of the inflammatory response experimentally induced by BCG intramuscular injection in phylogenetically primitive fishes of the genera Arius sp and modern of the genera Centropomus sp, with the purpose of establishing comparative parameters of the inflammatory response between modern and primitive fishes about phylogenetic aspect. The results show differences in the inflammatory response between modern and primitive fishes. Modern fishes have the ability of organization of the lesion, with development of tipical granulomas and epithelioid cells that produce S100 protein, cytokeratin and throughout the experiment they developed desmosomic junctions; instead of primitive fishes that don?t show the ability of organization of the lesion without forming an granuloma, just giant cells that produce S100 protein. It didn?t have an expressive participation of giant cells and pigmentcontaining cells in the inflammatory reaction in genera Centropomus sp, suggesting that It is a specie-specific characteristic, in opposition to some results found in modern fishes about pigment cells participation in the inflammatory reaction of modern fishes.
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Fondati, Alessandra. "Pathogenetic studies on feline eosinophilic granuloma complex." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3658.
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En el gat, encara que amb freqüència es parla dels desordres associats a eosinòfils, inclòs el EGC, són poc coneguts i en general s'associen a causes immuno-mediades o parasitàries, anàlegs als seus equivalents humans. Tot i així, el contingut i les funcions dels eosinòfils dels gats, encara que es consideren similars als eosinòfils humans, no es coneixen. Per tot això, els objectius d'aquesta tesi varen ser estudiar el EGC felí i obtenir informació específica de la biologia dels eosinòfils del gat.<br/>En aquesta tesi, es varen estudiar els signes histopatològics de les diferents lesions clíniques del EGC amb seccions de H & E i tinció tricròmica. A H & E, totes les lesiones del EGC examinades es varen caracteritzar per un infiltrat dèrmic eosinofílic, de intensitat variable, i per la presència de petits a grans focus de material eosinofìlic que amb la tinció tricròmica, semblaren estar constituïts per fibres de col·lagen normals rodejades per restes de material amb el mateix aspecte tintorial dels grànuls dels eosinòfils. Aquests resultats indiquen que les lesiones del EGC amb diferent aspecte clínic histopatològicament són indistingibles i que els focus dèrmics de material eosinofílic, petits i grans, tenen una histogènesi similar. A més, les figures amb flama, utilitzades per definir petits focus de material eosinofílic amb analogia amb les figures amb flama de la síndrome de Wells, es poden utilitzar també per parlar de dipòsits de material eosinofílic de gran tamany. <br/>A més, es va investigar la ultraestructura de les figures en flama, petites i grans, de les lesions del EGC. Estan formades per fibrilles de col·lagen morfològicament inalterades, fibres de col·lagen parcialment separades per edema i restes cel·lulars i eosinòfils desgranulats via ECL i PMD. La ultraestructura de les figures en flama al EGC va ser similar al que es descriu a les figures en flama de la síndrome de Wells humana. Això suggereix que en el gat els eosinòfils juguen un paper primari en la formació de les figures en flama, anàlogues a les descrites als humans. A més, aquest estudi demostra que al EGC felí, en els teixits, els eosinòfils alliberen el contingut dels seus grànuls per ECL i PMD, igual que els eosinòfils tisulars humans en inflamacions mediades per eosinòfils. El mecanisme de desgranulació predominant va ser ECL. <br/>Es va realitzar un estudi ultraestructural de eosinòfils circulants de gats amb diferents recomptes de eosinòfils i diferents malalties asociades a eosinofília. Als eosinòfils perifèrics es va observar morfologia de PMD, indicativa d'activació i desgranulació. No es va observar correlació directa entre en numero de eosinòfils que presentaven canvis de PMD i el nivell de eosinofília sanguínia. Aquesta última observació suggereix que el recompte del número total de eosinofils circulants no representa el millor criteri per avaluar la participació dels eosinòfils en una malaltia eosinofílica.<br/>Finalment, es va realitzar un estudi sobre les proteïnes dels grànuls dels eosinòfils del gat. Es varen estudiar les proteïnes dels grànuls extretes de eosinòfils obtinguts per inducció experimental de eosinofilia peritoneal. Les proteïnes es varen analitzar per cromatografia de gel-filtració i es varen estudiar les seves activitats biològiques. Les proteïnes dels grànuls dels eosinòfils del gat tenen activitats peroxidasa, RNasa i bactericida. La EAR felina presenta una homologia de la seqüència N-terminal amb les proteïnes de la superfamília de la RNasa A, incloses les RNases de eosinòfils i la seqüència N-terminal de la MBP felina va ser homòloga a la de la MBP-1 humana i murina. Aquest resultats indiquen que les proteïnes dels grànuls del eosinòfil felí tenen un paper biològic similar als descrits als humans i a altres espècies animals i evidencien que el gat pot ser una espècie adequada per l'estudi de les malalties eosinofíliques humanes.<br>Despite being commonly reported, feline eosinophil-associated disorders, including EGC, are poorly understood and generally associated to immune-mediated or parasitic causes, analogous to their human counterparts. Nevertheless, cat eosinophil functions and contents, although considered similar to those of human eosinophils, are currently unknown. Hence, the objectives of this thesis were to study feline EGC and to obtain specific information on the cat eosinophil biology. <br/>In this thesis, the histopathological features of clinically different EGC lesions were studied on H & E and trichrome stained sections. With H & E stain, all the EGC lesions examined were characterised by a dermal eosinophilic infiltration of variable intensity and the presence of small- to large-sized foci of eosinophilic debris that, with trichrome stain, appeared to consist of normally stained collagen fibres surrounded by a debris showing the same tinctorial properties as eosinophil granules. These results showed that EGC lesions with different clinical appearance are histopathologically indistinguishable and that small- and large-sized dermal foci of eosinophilic debris have similar histogenesis. Hence, the term flame figures, normally used to define small foci of eosinophilic debris by analogy with flame figures in Wells' syndrome, may be employed also to designate large-sized focal depositions of this debris. <br/>Furthermore, the ultrastructure of small- and large-sized flame figures in EGC lesions was investigated. They comprised morphologically unaltered collagen fibrils, collagen fibres partly disrupted by oedema and cellular debris, and degranulating eosinophils via ECL and PMD. The ultrastructure of flame figures in EGC was similar to that reported in flame figures of human Wells' syndrome. This suggested that eosinophils play a primary role in flame figures formation in cats, analogous to what reported in humans. In addition, this study demonstrated that tissue eosinophils in feline EGC release their granule contents by ECL and PMD, analogous to human tissue eosinophils at sites of eosinophil-mediated inflammation. ECL was the predominant mode of degranulation. <br/>An ultrastructural study of feline circulating eosinophils from cats with various blood eosinophil counts and different eosinophil-associated diseases was also performed. PMD morphology, indicative of eosinophil activation and degranulation, was recognised in peripheral eosinophils. No direct correlation was found between the number of eosinophils showing PMD changes and the level of blood eosinophilia. This latter finding suggested that total blood eosinophil count might not represent the best criterion to evaluate the contribution of eosinophils to the ongoing eosinophil-associated disease. <br/>Finally, a study on cat eosinophil granule proteins was conducted. Granule proteins, extracted from cat eosinophils obtained by experimentally induced peritoneal eosinophilia, were analysed by gel-filtration chromatography and their biological activities were studied. Cat eosinophil granule proteins possessed peroxidase, RNase and bactericidal activities. Feline EAR showed N-terminal sequence homology with proteins of the RNase A superfamily, including eosinophil RNases, and the N-terminal sequence of feline MBP was homologue to that of human and murine MBP-1. These findings indicated that feline eosinophil granule proteins have biological roles similar to those reported in humans and other animal species and highlighted that the cat might represent a suitable species for studying human eosinophil-mediated diseases.
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Molina, Raphael Fagnani Sanchez. "Efeito de terapias na modulação do granuloma paracoccidioidomicótico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-12012011-094302/.
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A paracoccidioidomicose é uma micose sistêmica caracterizada por ser uma doença granulomatosa. As formas benignas da doença são caracterizadas por uma infecção localizada, contendo granulomas compactos com poucos fungos; já nas formas mais graves, ocorre um processo granulomatoso frouxo com focos de necrose e intensa disseminação fúngica. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento de lesões granulomatosas em baço, fígado, pulmão e epiplon de camundongos, após infecção pela via intraperitoneal com o isolado de alta virulência, Pb18, em diferentes períodos de infecção após tratamento com fármacos, os quais possuem mecanismo de ação relacionado com a alteração no balanço entre a síntese e degradação dos produtos do colágeno, interferindo diretamente na formação do granuloma A citocina IFN-<font face=\"Symbol\">g, o antibiótico Tetraciclina e as drogas antiinflamatórias Lumiracoxib e Celecoxib. Avaliamos a presença de alguns componentes do granuloma (colágeno, células do infiltrado inflamatório, de citocinas primordiais para sintese/degradação da MEC do granuloma, presença de P. brasiliensis).<br>Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis that is endemic in Latin America, whose causative agent is the thermal dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb). PCM is a granulomatous disease, and the formation of granulomas can be understood as a mechanism of the body to block and limit the invasiveness of the fungus or its antigenic components, once unable to lyse them. Bening forms of the disease are characterized by a localized infection, where granulomasa are compact and contain few fungi. More severe forms present loose granulomatous processes with foci of necrosis and severe fungal. Studies in which granulomatous response was developed in resistant (A/J) and susceptible (B10.A) mice to the high virulence isolate Pb18 showed the presence of different patterns of injuries related to the type of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and the different cells types in the area, suggesting a important role of these elements in the formation and constitution of the granuloma and thus the outcome of infection. In our project, we aimed to evaluate the development of granulomatous lesions in the spleen, liver, lung and omentum of mice susceptible to PCM after intraperitoneal infection with Pb18, at different periods of infection (acute and chronic) with or without treatment with drugs. These drugs have mechanisms of action closely related to the change in the balance between synthesis and degradation of collagen Thus, they interfere directly in the granuloma formation and in maintaining the viability of fungi and also with the development of fibrosis. Which is a common and devastating sequelae of numerous infections including the PCM, with the characteristic proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of ECM. The treatments were chosen based on prior knowledge on their effects on the course of experimental murine PCM. IFN-<font face=\"Symbol\">g was chosen due to its antifibrotic effect, being an activator of macrophages in infection by P. brasiliensis and increasing the fungicidal effect of neutrophils. The antibiotic tetracycline was used because of its inhibitory effect on the synthesis of extracellular matrix, limiting antimicrobial activity and the ability of collagenase to degrade ECM. Finally, the antiinflammatory drugs Celecoxib and Lumiracoxib (inhibitors of the COX-2 enzyme) 11 were used because they cause an increase in the expression of collagen type III and type IV. We analyzed the components of the granuloma (collagen, inflammatory cells, cytokines essential for synthesis / degradation of the ECM of the granuloma, the presence of P. brasiliensis). Among the cytokines analyzed, we studied the importance of TNF-<font face=\"Symbol\">α in the formation of granulomas and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) synthesis and function. We analyzed TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b because it negatively modulate the secretion of nitric oxide by macrophages and promote the accumulation of ECM and is believed to be the central mediator of the process of fibrosis in several pathologies. IFN-<font face=\"Symbol\">g was studied because of its correlation to the preferential Th1 immune response in diseases and infectious processes of fungal and bacterial infections, and also because it modulates fibroblast function.
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Oliveira, Anita Santos de. "O complexo Mycobacterium avium: caracterização e patogenicidade." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5176.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas<br>As infeções provocadas por micobactérias são das doenças mais antigas que afetam
a humanidade, estando descritas há mais de 4000 anos. As micobactérias ditas atípicas
(NTM - "non-tuberculous mycobacteria"), nomeadamente as pertencentes ao complexo
Mycobacterium avium (MAC), são ubíquas no meio ambiente, sendo impossível evitar a
exposição ambiental. Estas bactérias são ingeridas através da água e alimentos, mas
também inaladas através de aerossóis. Assim, uma grande parte da população já teve
contato com MAC, mas nunca desenvolveu doença. O interesse pelas doenças provocadas
por NTM cresceu exponencialmente com o recrudescimento global da epidemia da SIDA,
pois muitas são patogénicos oportunistas. A infeção pulmonar é a forma de apresentação
mais comum do MAC, mas também pode ocorrer infeção disseminada. De modo a evitar
o desenvolvimento de doença oportunista recomenda-se o uso de profilaxia. A difícil
eliminação do MAC pelos hospedeiros susceptíveis leva à sua permanência no interior
das células fagocíticas e acaba por conduzir à formação de granuloma pulmonar. O
diagnóstico diferencial baseia-se em métodos fenotípicos e genéticos. Relativamente ao
tratamento, devido à sua camada exterior lipofílica, os medicamentos hidrofílicos
apresentam fraca penetração. A terapia habitual utiliza uma combinação de antibióticos,
para prevenir o surgimento de resistências. Infections caused by mycobacteria are of the oldest diseases affecting humanity,
being described and researched about for over 4000 years. The atypical mycobacteria
(NTM - "non-tuberculous mycobacteria"), in particular those belonging to the
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), are ubiquitous in the environment, thus making
it impossbile to avoid environmental exposure. These bacteria are ingested through water
and foods but also through inhaled aerosols. Therefore, a large part of the population has
had contact with MAC, but never developed any associated diseases. Interest in diseases
caused by NTM has grown exponentially with the global resurgence of the AIDS
epidemic, because many are opportunistic pathogens. Pulmonary infection is the most
common form of presentation of the MAC, but can also be seen as a disseminated
infection. To prevent the development of opportunistic infection it is recommended to use
prophylaxis. The difficult elimination of susceptible hosts by MAC results in them
staying permanently within the phagocytic cells and ultimately leads to the formation of
pulmonary granuloms. Differential diagnosis is based on phenotypic and genetic
methods. For the treatment, due to its lipophilic outer layer, hydrophilic drugs have poor
penetration. The usual therapy uses a combination of antibiotics, to prevent emergence of
resistance.
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Iskounen, Thinhinane. "La voie JAK/STAT : cible potentielle pour une médecine personnalisée dans la sarcoïdose." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 13, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA131020.
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La sarcoïdose est une granulomatose d'étiologie inconnue, caractérisée par la formation de granulomes immuns dans divers organes, principalement les poumons. La présentation clinique et l'évolution de la sarcoïdose sont variables. L'analyse génomique du sang périphérique des patients a montré que la voie de signalisation JAK/STAT est significativement représentée dans la sarcoïdose et est associée à la gravité de la maladie. Cependant, l'expression spatiale et temporelle des membres de la voie JAK/STAT dans le granulome est encore mal connue. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que l'activation de la voie JAK/STAT dans les granulomes de la sarcoïdose induit leur formation et/ou leur persistance. Premièrement, nous avons réalisé une cartographie de l'expression des membres de la voie JAK/STAT dans le granulome, sur des biopsies de patients atteints de sarcoïdose. Parmi les kinases JAKs activées, seule pJAK2 est détectée, principalement dans les LTCD3+. Seule la localisation nucléaire de pJAK2 a été observée, suggérant l'activation d'une voie JAK2 non canonique. D'autre part, seules pSTAT1,pSTAT3 et pSTAT5 sont détectées dans les granulomes, principalement dans les cellules de la lignée myéloïde CD68+. Deuxièmement, nous avons étudié l'activation de la voie JAK/STAT in vitro dans des cultures de lymphocytes circulants de patients atteints de sarcoïdose et de témoins. La voie non canonique de pJAK2 semble être exclusive aux lymphocytes des granulomes, tandis que, les lymphocytes circulants présentent une activation de la voie canonique JAK2/STAT1, et cela semble être associé à la sévérité de la maladie. Troisièmement,à l'aide d'une analyse multivariée, nous avons comparé l'activation des membres détectés dans le granulome de différents organes, puis associé à la sévérité de la maladie en utilisant deux approches distinctes : (i) en associant les niveaux d'expression des protéines aux caractéristiques cliniques des patients et (ii) en examinant leur relation avec les stades d'évolution des granulomes. L'expression des 4 protéines est plus élevée dans les biopsies pulmonaires (AUC=0.83) et cutanées (AUC=0.89) et est en moyenne associée à la persistance de la maladie (COS=5, p< 0.001). Deux signatures prédominantes sont identifiées dans les lymphocytes/myéloïdes : pJAK2 / pSTAT1-pSTAT5 dans le poumon (AUC=0.84) et pJAK2 /pSTAT3-pSTAT5 dans la peau (AUC=0.80). Enfin, nous montrons une corrélation positive significative entre l'expression de pSTAT1(p<0,05), pSTAT3 (p<0,05), pSTAT5 (p<0,01) et la présence du stade considéré comme précoce dit "floride".En résumé, nos résultats montrent un profil d'expression de la voie JAK/STAT différent entre les lymphocytes circulants et ceux des granulomes. La voie canonique JAK2/STAT1 activée dans les lymphocytes circulants est associé à la sévérité de la maladie. En revanche, dans le granulome, la voie non canonique pJAK2 exprimée dans les lymphocytes et potentiellement la voie canonique impliquant l'activation de STAT1, STAT3 et STAT5 dans les cellules myéloïdes sont associées à la sévérité des organes les plus affectés, à savoir : le poumon et la peau. Cependant, leur expression est uniquement corrélée avec le développement des granulomes et sans lien apparent avec la persistance et le stade fibreux<br>Sarcoidosis is a granulomatosis of unknown etiology, characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in various organs, principally the lungs. The clinical presentation and evolution of sarcoidosis are variable. Genomic analysis of patients' peripheral blood has shown that theJAK/STAT signaling pathway is significantly represented in sarcoidosis and is associated with disease severity. However, the spatial and temporal expression of JAK/STAT pathway members in the granuloma is still poorly understood. We hypothesize that activation of theJAK/STAT pathway in sarcoidosis granulomas induces their formation and/or persistence. Firstly, we mapped the expression of members of the JAK/STAT pathway in the granuloma,on biopsies from patients with sarcoidosis. Among the activated JAKs kinases, only pJAK2 is detected, mainly in LTCD3+. Only nuclear localization of pJAK2 was observed, suggesting activation of a non-canonical JAK2 pathway. On the other hand, only pSTAT1, pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 were detected in granulomas, mainly in cells of the CD68+ myeloid lineage. Secondly,we studied activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in vitro in circulating lymphocyte cultures from sarcoidosis patients and controls. The non-canonical pJAK2 pathway appears to beexclusive to granuloma lymphocytes, whereas, circulating lymphocytes show activation of the canonical JAK2/STAT1 pathway, and this appears to be associated with disease severity. Thirdly, using multivariate analysis, we compared protein activation detected in granuloma from different organs, then associated with disease severity using two distinct approaches: (i)associating protein expression levels with patients' clinical characteristics and (ii) examining their relationship with granuloma progression stages. Expression of the 4 proteins is higher inlung (AUC=0.83) and skin (AUC=0.89) biopsies, and is on average associated with disease persistence (COS=5, p< 0.001). Two predominant signatures are identified in lymphocytes/myeloid cells: pJAK2 / pSTAT1-pSTAT5 in lung (AUC=0.84) and pJAK2 /pSTAT3-pSTAT5 in skin (AUC=0.80). Finally, we show a significant positive correlation between the expression of pSTAT1 (p<0.05), pSTAT3 (p<0.05), pSTAT5 (p<0.01) and the presence of the early "florid" stage.In summary, our results show a different JAK/STAT pathway expression profile between circulating and granuloma lymphocytes. The canonical JAK2/STAT1 pathway activated in circulating lymphocytes is associated with disease severity. In granuloma, on the other hand,the non-canonical pJAK2 pathway expressed in lymphocytes and potentially the canonical pathway involving activation of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 in myeloid cells are associated with the severity of the organs most affected : lung and skin. However, their expression is only correlated with granuloma development, with no apparent link to persistence and fibrotic stage
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Grenå, Madeleine, and Beata Gill. "Gastrostomi : Granulombehandling vid gastrostomi hos barn och ungdomar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-165806.
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Syfte. Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka förekomsten och behandling av granulom vid gastrostomier hos barn och ungdomar under 18 år i Sverige. Syftet var även att undersöka sjuksköterskors kunskaper om granulombehandling hos barn och ungdomar under 18 år med gastrostomi i Sverige. Metod. Den forskningsdesign som valdes var av kvantitativ metod genom enkätundersökning. Enkäterna skickades ut till sjuksköterskor som arbetar i Sverige och finns med i något av följande nätverk: Nätverket för habiliteringssjuksköterskor, Nätverket för habiliteringssjuksköterskor inom nutrition och/eller Nätverket för nutritionssjuksköterskor. Resultat. Det upplevdes att granulombesvären var varierande och berodde på barnets övriga hälsa. 52% uppskattade att barnen utvecklade granulom inom två månader efter inläggning av gastrostomin. 34% av deltagarna uppskattade att ca 25% av barn och ungdomar med gastrostomier utvecklar granulom. 46% använde en kombination av lapis och kortisonsalva som behandlingsmetod vid granulom. Slutsats. De behandlingar som idag används för granulom är lapis och kortisonsalva, dessa används av många i kombination med varandra och verkar ha ett gott resultat. Sjuksköterskors kunskap inom området är brett och många har en gemensam åsikt om att granulombildning ofta har ett samband med patientens övriga hälsa.<br>Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence and treatment of granulomas in children and adolescents under the age of 18 with gastrostomy in Sweden. The aim was also to investigate nurses knowledge of granulomatreatment in children and adolescents under the age of 18 with gastrostomy in Sweden. Methods. The design was of quantitative method by questionnaire. A questionnaire was sent to nurses who work in Sweden and are included in one of the following networks: Network for rehabilitation nurses, Network for rehabilitation nurses in nutrition and / or Network for nutrition nurses. Results. The severity of granuloma varied, depending on the child's general health. 52% estimated that the children developed granulomas within two months after insertion of the gastrostomy. 34% of respondents estimated that about 25% of children and adolescents with gastrostomier develop granulomas.46% used a combination of lapis and cortisone ointment as a treatment for granuloma. Conclusion.The treatments currently used for granulomas is lapis and cortisone ointment, these are used by many in combination with each other and seem to have a good result. Nurses' knowledge in the field is extensive and many have a common view that granuloma formation is often linked to the patients general health.
8
Clay, Hilary. "Early host-pathogen interactions during mycobacterial infection of zebrafish embryos /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5033.
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Signoretti, Fernanda Graziela Correa 1979. "Avaliação microbiológica de lesões periapicais crônicas associadas ao insucesso do retratamento endodôntico." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288785.
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Orientadores: Rogério de Castilho Jacinto, Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:36:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: O conhecimento do perfil microbiano envolvido na periodontite apical persistente pode auxiliar no estabelecimento de protocolos mais eficazes na conduta endodôntica. Através de um relato de caso clínico e da avaliação de 20 casos de periodontite apical persistente após retratamento endodôntico, foram objetivos deste trabalho: identificar bactérias viáveis em lesões periapicais persistentes e correlacionar os achados microbiológicos com o diagnóstico histopatológico da lesão. Métodos: No relato de caso o dente foi submetido ao retratamento endodôntico através da técnica de crown-down com o uso de substância química auxiliar (clorexidina 2% gel), patência e alargamento foraminal e obturação dos canais em sessão única. Após persistência da fístula foi indicada apicectomia, que foi realizada sob magnificação e retro-obturação com MTA. O fragmento apical da raiz distal foi observado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e foi realizada cultura microbiana da lesão curetada (capítulo 1). Foram selecionados 20 pacientes com necessidade de cirurgia parendodôntica, submetidos à coleta durante a curetagem do tecido periapical. As amostras foram processadas microbiologicamente por técnicas de cultura microbiana e enviadas para diagnóstico histológico (capítulo 2). Resultados: No capítulo 1 as seguintes espécies foram encontradas: Actinomyces naeslundii e Actinomyces meyeri, Propionibacterium propionicum, Clostridium botullinum, Parvimonas micra e Bacteroides ureolyticus; a análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura revelou biofilme bacteriano circundante ao forame apical e superfície radicular externa. O trespasse de guta-percha no zip apical causado durante o primeiro tratamento também foi observado. A proservação radiográfica após seis meses mostrou reparo periapical aparente, o qual foi confirmado após 24 meses. No capítulo 2 foram encontrados mais cistos (13/20) do que granulomas (7/20). A cultura microbiológica e testes bioquímicos específicos puderam identificar 83 bactérias cultiváveis divididas em 33 espécies bacterianas distintas. As lesões demonstraram uma infecção de caráter misto, composta em sua maior parte por microrganismos anaeróbios estritos (80,4% em cistos e 65% em granulomas) e Gram-positivos (70,6% em cistos e 84,4% em granulomas). Embora se tenha isolado até sete espécies bacterianas em uma única lesão (granuloma), na maioria dos casos, quatro (25%) ou cinco (35%) espécies foram encontradas simultaneamente. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através do teste exato de Fisher e chi-quadrado de Pearson (P<.05). Conclusões: Bactérias Gram-positivas anaeróbias estritas e o biofilme extrarradicular parecem participar da etiologia do insucesso do tratamento endodôntico. O retratamento endodôntico seguido de microcirurgia periapical constitui uma alternativa de sucesso na resolução de infecções extrarradiculares persistentes (capítulo 1). Embora os cistos tenham sido mais frequentes que granulomas nos casos de insucesso do retratamento endodôntico, bactérias foram isoladas em ambos os tipos de lesão, com uma predominância de espécies gram-positivas, sugerindo que as mesmas são capazes de sobreviver fora do canal radicular e podem estar relacionadas com a persistência do processo patológico, mesmo após um retratamento endodôntico acurado (capítulo 2)<br>Abstract: The knowledge of the microbial profile of persistent apical periodontitis allows the development of more efficient endodontic therapy. Through the evaluation of a case report and 20 cases of persistent apical periodontitis after endodontic retreatment, the objectives of this study were: to identify viable bacteria in persistent periapical lesions and correlate microbiological findings with histopathological diagnosis. Methods: In the case report, the tooth had undergone endodontic retreatment by the crown-down technique with the use of auxiliary chemical substance (2% chlorhexidine gel), foraminal patency and enlargement and filling of root canals in a single session. After persistence of sinus tract apicoectomy was indicated, which was performed under magnification and retro-filled with MTA. Apical fragment of the distal root was observed by scanning electron microscopy and excised tissue processed for microbial identification (Chapter 1). Twenty patients requiring endodontic surgery were selected. The samples were processed by microbiological techniques from microbial culture and sent for histological diagnosis (Chapter 2). Results: In chapter 1 the following species were found: Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces meyeri, Propionibacterium propionicum, botullinum Clostridium, Parvimonas micra and Bacteroides ureolyticus; SEM analysis of the root end showed bacterial biofilm surrounding the apical foramen and external root surface. Gutta-percha in the apical zip caused during the first treatment was also observed. Six months follow-up showed apparent periapical repair, which was confirmed after 24 months. In chapter 2 more cysts (13/20) than granulomas (7/20) were found. Culture tests were able to identify 83 specific cultivable bacteria divided into 33 different bacterial species. The microbial characterization showed a mixed infection, composed mostly by strict anaerobes (80.4% in cysts and granulomas in 65%) and gram-positive (70.6% in cysts and granulomas in 84.4%). Although up to seven bacterial species in a single lesion (granuloma) has been isolated, in most cases, four (25%) or five (35%) species have been found. Data were statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Pearson chi-square test (P<.05). Conclusions: Gram-positive bacteria and extra-radicular biofilms seem to participate in the etiology of endodontic retreatment failure. The endodontic retreatment followed by micro-periapical surgery proved to be a successful alternative in the resolution of extra-root persistent infections (Chapter 1). Although cysts were more frequent than granulomas in cases of failure of the endodontic retreatment, bacteria were isolated from both types of lesions, with a predominance of gram-positive species, suggesting that these species can survive outside the root canal and might be related with the persistence of the pathological process even after accurate endodontic retreatment (Chapter 2)<br>Doutorado<br>Endodontia<br>Doutora em Clínica Odontológica
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Henderson, Scott Russell. "Dissecting mechanisms of granuloma formation in ANCA-associated vasculitis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10042084/.
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Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) are associated with a severe form of small vessel systemic vasculitis, in which they target two specific auto-antigens, proteinase-3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) found within neutrophils and monocytes. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are the main clinical syndromes, both characterized by kidney and lung disease, but granulomatous inflammation is almost exclusively found in GPA, and unlike other manifestations, remains difficult to treat. In GPA patients, PR3 is the predominant ANCA auto-antigen and neutrophil membrane PR3 expression is increased. There has been limited understanding of why granulomata are restricted to this patient subgroup. I have investigated the role of PR3 in driving giant cell and granuloma formation by generating a novel in vitro model. Using extensive tissue culture and microscopy techniques I have been able to demonstrate that PR3 induces both giant cell and granuloma formation in GPA patients’ cells. Giant cells are the precursors to granulomata and I have demonstrated that in GPA patients, monocytes firstly fuse with the persistence of PR3 and then later recruit lymphocytes to form an organized granuloma-like structure. I have developed a unique method of quantifying granuloma formation and I have been able to show that GPA patients show a statistically significant greater rate of PBMC aggregation both spontaneously and in the presence of PR3 compared to MPA patients and healthy controls. I have explored the potential mechanisms of granuloma formation in this patient subgroup. Specifically, IL-6 may be important in driving granuloma formation in GPA patients and supports the notion of PR3-mediated process. PR3 cleaves protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and I have shown that the presence of a PAR2 agonist further augments cell fusion. These findings support the role of PR3-mediated monocyte activation and fusion with additional T cell aggregation. In summary, I have developed a novel system to test giant cell and granuloma formation in GPA patients, a potential platform to evaluate new therapeutic treatments.
Books on the topic "Granuloma"
1
Strukov, A. I. Granulematoznoe vospalenie i granulematoznye bolezni. Meditsina, 1989.
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Lindberg, Ronny. On granulomatous enteritis and eosinophilic granulomatosis in the horse. Sveriges Lantbruksuniveristet, 1985.
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International, Conference on Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (10th 1984 Baltimore Md ). Tenth International Conference on Sarcoidosis and Other granulomatous disorders. New York Academy of Sciences, 1986.
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National Fish Health Research Laboratory, ed. Systemic noninfectious granulomatoses of fishes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Research Center-Leetown National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 1989.
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Herman, Roger L. Systemic noninfectious granulomatoses of fishes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Research Center-Leetown National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 1989.
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Geraint, James D., and Zumla Alimuddin, eds. The granulomatous disorders. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
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Javed Ali, Mohammad. The DCR Ostium Granulomas. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6126-3.
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A, Ferlito, ed. Granulomas and neoplasms of the larynx. Churchill Livingston, 1987.
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Matzdorff, Axel. Erkennung aktivierter Thrombozyten mit Hilfe des [alpha]-Granula-Membran-Proteins [Alpha-Granula-Membran-Proteins] CD62p (GMP-140). [s.n.], 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Granuloma"
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Jeong, Jong Yeong. "Pyogenic Granuloma: Granuloma Pyogenicum." In Dermatology Diaries. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1578-7_97.
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Hofman, Paul. "Granuloma." In Infectious Disease and Parasites. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30009-2_1036.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Granuloma." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13862.
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Fritsch, Peter, Wolf-Bernhard Schill, and Burghard Trenkwalder. "Granuloma Venereum (Granuloma Inguinale, Donovaniose)." In Venerologie und Andrologie. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70019-4_11.
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Tetikkurt, Seza, and Cuneyt Tetikkurt. "Sarcoidosis Pathology." In Sarcoidosis. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359128.4.
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The pathology of sarcoidosis offers critical insights into the structural and cellular changes that define this enigmatic disease. This chapter explores the characteristic features observed in affected tissues, emphasizing the formation of granulomas—organized clusters of immune cells—as a hallmark pathological finding. These granulomas can affect virtually any organ, with the lungs and lymph nodes being commonly involved sites. Beyond their mere presence, the chapter delves into the diversity of granuloma types, variations in their composition, and the associated tissue responses that contribute to disease progression and clinical outcomes.
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De Schepper, A. M. A., and H. R. M. Degryse. "Eosinophilic Granuloma." In Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors and Their Mimics. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0997-7_11.
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Henderson, William R., and Emil Y. Chi. "Eosinophilic Granuloma." In Local Invasion and Spread of Cancer. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1093-5_14.
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Gloster, Hugh Morris, Lauren E. Gebauer, and Rachel L. Mistur. "Granuloma Annulare." In Absolute Dermatology Review. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03218-4_117.
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Gloster, Hugh Morris, Lauren E. Gebauer, and Rachel L. Mistur. "Pyogenic Granuloma." In Absolute Dermatology Review. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03218-4_75.
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Rongioletti, Franco. "Granuloma Annulare." In Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30006-1_427.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Granuloma"
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Schaub, R. G., and F. P. Bell. "LIPID ACCUMULATION AND METABOLISM IN CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED GRANULOMAS COMPARED TO BLOOD MONOCYTES AND THE AORTA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643410.
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Arteries undergoing atherogenic change show an increase in cholesteryl esterifying activity by acylCoA:cholesterol acetyl-transferase (ACAT) and a progressive accumulation of cholesterol esters within monocyte derived foam cells. The study of these factors, however, is limited by the necessity of obtaining artery tissues for analysis. In this study, an in vivo model (Am J Path 118:134 and 120:391, 1985) which permits the analysis of foam cell development without requiring collection of aortas was examined in more detail. New Zealand rabbits (6 each) were either maintained on a 1% cholesterol/peanut oil diet (HD) or a regular chow diet (RD) for 2 weeks after which each had 15 ml of a 1% carra-geenan gel (Marine Colloids) injected subcutaneously into the mid-abdominal area. The rabbits were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 4 weeks. At sacrifice, blood was collected for both serum and monocyte isolation. Granulomas and aortic arches were also excised. Tissues were assayed for lipid accumulation and metabolism. Electron and light microscopy was also performed on immersion fixed (1% glutaraldehyde) granuloma tissue. Granulomas of HD rabbits were pale yellow and averaged 36 grams, while RD granulomas were a pale red and averaged 11 grams (p less than 0.05). RD granulomas did not stain with oil red 0. HD granulomas had homogenous oil red 0 staining which indicated lipid accumulation. Both RD and HD granulomas had large numbers of macrophages. RD macrophages accumulated follicular carrageenan, but not lipid. In HD granulomas, foam cell development was observed. Granuloma lipid content and metabolism paralleled the aorta and blood monocytes. The HD tissue had increased ACAT activity and lipid composition changes indicative of atherosclerosis. RD granulomas had no elevation of lipid content or ACAT activity. The results suggest that the carrageenan-induced granulomas provides a useful model for studying the biochemical and morphologic changes characteristic of aortic monocyte-derived foam cells and the early arterial atherosclerotic process.
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Sikka, G. "Not All Non-Caseating Granuloma Is Sarcoidosis; Reading Between the Granuloma." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a3260.
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Oliveira, Vinicius Hoffmann de, ANA MARIA RIVABEM, GABRIELA CRISTINA LEME DE CARVALHO, SABRINA PINA FINGER, and LUCIA DE FATIMA AMORIM. "REAÇÃO GRANULOMATOSA INDUZIDA PELO SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI, UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/5027.
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Introdução: Esquistossomose é uma doença infectoparasitária, a qual induz à formação granulomatosa como resposta imunológica. Tais lesões podem produzir efeitos sistêmicos no organismo infectado. Objetivos: Esclarecer como se originam os granulomas induzidos pelo Schistosoma mansoni. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvida uma revisão integrativa, utilizando artigos científicos e livros, cuja pesquisa se deu pelas palavras-chave: granuloma; Schistosoma mansoni; Th2. Após triagem, selecionou-se 2 artigos dentre 892 iniciais encontrados nas bases de dados, além de 4 livros e 1 monografia redigidos em língua portuguesa e publicados entre 2008 e 2021. Resultados: A esquistossomose é causada pelo Schistosoma mansoni, que tem como hospedeiro intermediário o caramujo do gênero Biomphalaria, e, em humanos, seu hospedeiro definitivo (HD). O ciclo se inicia quando os ovos do parasito, presentes em fezes expostas à água, eclodem em miracídios, forma natante livre. Há, assim, a penetração da larva no molusco, para diferenciação em cercárias maduras. Essas são eliminadas na água e vão ao encontro da pele humana. Logo que penetram-na, perdem a cauda, tornando-se esquistossômulos, que migram até o sistema porta, onde se desenvolvem em vermes adultos. Então, a fêmea é fecundada no canal ginecóforo do macho e, posteriormente, deposita seus ovos em vasos de menor calibre. Aqueles que não são eliminados nas fezes do HD, podem induzir a reação granulomatosa, em decorrência dos antígenos de miracídios nos ovos. De início a resposta imune ao helminto segue o padrão Th1, então sofre repolarização para Th2, provocando mudança das citocinas predominantes na resposta. Assim, há fusão de células epitelióides formadoras do granuloma, o qual impede a quimiotaxia de nutrientes para o ovo, causando sua degeneração. De tal forma, as lesões tornam-se tecido cicatricial, que pode influenciar na fisiologia hepática. Conclusão: O granuloma é uma importante ferramenta de defesa para que o sistema imune consiga isolar e impedir a disseminação de patógenos pelo organismo. Assim, como uma resposta contra o Schistosoma mansoni, um patógeno extracelular, o padrão de granuloma utilizado é o Th2, com a presença de IL-13, IL-4, IL-10 e TGF-β, o qual desencadeia a formação de uma barreira ao redor dos ovos, a fim de evitar o desenvolvimento do helminto.
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Ribeiro de Oliveira, Marlene, Eduardo Jorge de Souza, Amujacy Tavares Vilhena, et al. "GRANULOMA PIOGÊNICO: RELATO DE CASO." In I Simpósio de Odontologia da Região do Lago de Tucuruí - SIMPORT 2023. Even3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/simport.702681.
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Casanova, Gherzon, Miguel Urpí, Marc Lleixa, et al. "Granuloma Piógeno sobre divertículo Yeyunal." In 46 Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Endoscopia Digestiva. Grupo Pacífico, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.48158/seed2024.ce-20.
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Pengesti, Ira, Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo, and Jusak Nugraha. "The Effect Collagen to Granuloma Structure annd Immune Response on Granuloma Tuberculosis Invitro Models." In 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007542803560360.
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Jain, Vikas. "Massive peripheral giant cell granuloma associated with pregnancy." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685368.
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Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a relatively Common reactive exophytic lesion of the oral cavity. The influence of hormones has been suggested as contributory factor in PGCG development and predominance of these lesions in young females as well as some previously reported pregnancy related cases support this belief. It has been observed that majority of lesions present in the 4th decade of life, when hormonal changes are more pronounced. Cailluette and Mattar in their study found that peripheral giant cell granuloma are under the influence of the ovarian hormones. However Chambers and Spector suggested peripheral giant cell granuloma to be enhanced by pregnancy rather than being pregnancy dependent. The responsiveness of gingiva to these hormones along with the immunosuppressive actions of the hormones contributes to the growth of the lesion. Clinically, PGCGs may present as polypoid or nodular lesions, predominantly bluish red with a smooth shiny or mamillated surface.This poster will review the literature available on the association of Massive Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma With Pregnancy with focus on possible causes of PGCG during pregnancy.
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Viswa Abhishek, N., B. G. Prabhu, and M. B. Priyadarshini. "Intubation Granuloma-Anaesthetic Management of Airway." In ISACON KARNATAKA 2017 33rd Annual Conference of Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA), Karnataka State Chapter. Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/isacon-karnataka/2017/ep106.
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RIVABEM, ANA MARIA, VINICIUS HOFFMANN DE OLIVEIRA, GABRIELA CRISTINA LEME DE CARVALHO, SABRINA PINA FINGER, and BEATRIZ ESSENFELDER BORGES. "REAÇÃO GRANULOMATOSA INDUZIDA PELA MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/5018.
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Introdução: A tuberculose é uma bacteriose enquadrada como problema de saúde pública pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, uma vez que, ao menos um terço da população mundial já teve contato com a bactéria. A rápida infecção requer estratégias de defesa, sendo característico da resposta imune lesões granulomatosas que contêm a proliferação do patógeno. Esses granulomas podem afetar o hospedeiro de forma sistêmica. Objetivos: Esclarecer como se originam os granulomas induzidos pela Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvida uma revisão integrativa, utilizando artigos científicos e livros, cuja pesquisa se deu pelas palavras-chave: granuloma; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Th1. Após triagem, selecionou-se 3 artigos dentre 497 iniciais encontrados nas bases de dados, além de 3 livros e 1 boletim epidemiológico, redigidos em língua portuguesa e publicados entre 2006 e 2021. Resultados: A Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causadora da tuberculose, é aeróbia estrita, por isso tem tropismo por tecidos altamente oxigenados. Isso explica sua prevalência no parênquima pulmonar. A infecção inicia-se pela inalação dos bacilos, que, na sequência, são fagocitados por macrófagos alveolares. A bactéria detém como mecanismo de evasão a inibição da fusão fagossoma-lisossoma, o que permite sua proliferação intracelular. De tal maneira, o organismo infectado responde quimiotaticamente à infecção recrutando novos macrófagos, que, por servirem ao ciclo reprodutivo bacteriano, proporcionam efeitos sistêmicos quando disseminados. Esse cenário é particular de indivíduos imunocomprometidos. No caso de imunocompetentes, há formação de lesões granulomatosas induzidas pela resposta imune de padrão Th1. A bactéria fagocitada é rodeada por células T e outros macrófagos, atraídos por quimiotaxia, de modo a reprimir sua multiplicação. Ao longo do tempo, o interior da lesão entra em degeneração caseosa, que diminui a atividade metabólica bacteriana, todavia, favorece sua latência. Conclusão: A resposta imune granulomatosa é necessária para a contenção de agentes invasores no organismo. Assim sendo, no caso da Mycobacterium tuberculosis, um microrganismo intracelular, tem-se o padrão Th1 de granuloma, o qual estimula a secreção de IFN-ɤ, TNF, IL-1, IL-12 e IL-23 com a finalidade de isolar células infectadas a partir do recrutamento de linfócitos T e macrófagos ativados pela via clássica. Dessa forma, evita-se a proliferação da bactéria em tecidos saudáveis.
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Cardoso, Bárbara Ellen, and Samir Ribeiro De Souza. "COMPLEXO GRANULOMA EOSINOFÍLICO FELINO: RELATO DE CASO." In I Congresso On-line Nacional de Clínica Veterinária de Pequenos Animais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1846.
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Introdução: O Complexo Granuloma Eosinofílico Felino (CGEF) é definido como um conjunto de lesões que afetam a pele e cavidade oral de felinos domésticos, podendo apresentar três diferentes manifestações, classificadas como Placa Eosinofílica (PE), Granuloma Eosinofílico Linear (GEL) e Úlcera Eosinofílica (UE). Os animais podem expor as três aparições de maneira simultânea, sendo sua ocorrência mais comum em animais jovens. Sua etiologia ainda não se encontra totalmente esclarecida, o que acarreta erros ao diagnóstico, e, consequentemente, demora na resolução do caso. Essa afecção dermatológica pode ser decorrente de diversas causas, como hipersensibilidade alimentar, predisposição genética, atopia e dermatites secundárias decorrentes de picada de pulgas e mosquitos, o que tornam os exames complementares imprescindíveis para uma adoção apropriada do tratamento, sendo os glicocorticóides os fármacos mais utilizados. Objetivos: Esse presente relato tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de um granuloma eosinofílico felino. Material e Métodos: um animal da raça persa, fêmea, com 5 anos de idade, que adentrou o consultório com uma lesão em região de pescoço, apresentando alopecia e muito prurido, ao qual teve seu diagnóstico concluído à base de exames laboratoriais, cultura, antibiograma e biópsia. Resultados: Mediante os resultados, optou-se por estipular um tratamento paliativo, com base na literatura, voltado para a escolha de um imunossupressor. Dessa forma, a conduta adotada foi o uso da prednisona, na dose 2 mg/kg, por via oral, e, em conjunto, o tratamento tópico com dipropionato de betametasona com sulfato de gentamicina, tendo como resultado uma resposta significativa, com a eliminação do prurido e o retorno crescente dos pelos da região. Conclusão: Até o momento não houve recidiva.
Reports on the topic "Granuloma"
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ดุสิตสิน, นิกร, ปรีดา ทัศนประดิษฐ์, ศรีริน สินธุภัค та ін. โครงการทำหมันชายโดยใช้ไฟฟ้าจี้เปรียบเทียบกับวิธีตัดและผูกด้วยไหมดำ : รายงานฉบับสมบูรณ์. สถาบันวิจัยวิทยาศาสตร์การแพทย์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1998. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1998.82.
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วัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพ และภาวะแทรกซ้อนของการทำหมันชายด้วยวิธีไฟฟ้าจี้กับการทำหมันชายด้วยวิธีผูกด้วยไหมดำ รูปแบบของการศึกษาผู้มารับบริการทำหมันชายที่ศูนย์วิจัยอนามัยวัดธาตุทองทั้งหมด 267 คน เป็นผู้ที่ทำหมันโดยใช้ไฟฟ้าจี้ 134 คน และใช้ไหมดำผูก 133 คน ด้วยวิธี opne-randomized clinical trial หลังผ่าตัด จะติดตามผล 7 วัน 3 เดือน 6 เดือน และ 12 เดือน ตามลำดับ ผลการศึกษาผู้รับบริการกลับมาตรวจแผลเมือครบ 7 วัน ในกลุ่มจี้ด้วยไฟฟ้าร้อยละ 77 และร้อยละ 76 ในกลุ่มใช้ไหมดำ พบว่าในกลุ่มที่ใช้ไฟฟ้าจี้มีอาการแทรกซ้อนน้อยกว่าการผู้กด้วยไหมดำ อาการแทรกซ้อน ได้แก่ มีเลือดแทรกใต้ผิวหนัง (ecchymosis) มีเลือดคั่ง (hematoma) และแผลบวมมีการอักเสบ เมื่อครบ 3 เดือน ร้อยละ 80 ของผู้กลับมาตรวจ ไม่พบเชื้ออสุจิ แต่เมื่อครบ 12 เดือน ทั้ง 2 กลุ่ม ตรวจไม่พบเชื้ออสุจิทั้งหมด การเกิด sperm granuloma มีได้ทั้งสองแบบ โดยที่ผู้บริการไม่รู้สึกเจ็บ หรือรำคาญแต่อย่างใด สรุปการทำหมันชายโดยใช้ไฟฟ้าจี้ พบว่ามีอาการแทรกซ้อนหลังผ่าตัด 7 วัน น้อยกว่าแบบใช้ผูกด้วยไหมดำ ไม่มีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ และเมื่อครบ 1 ปีแล้ว ไม่พบว่ามีความแตกต่างกันที่เป็นนัยสำคัญสำหรับ sperm granuloma จากวิธีทำทั้งสองแบบนั้น ไม่มีความสำคัญทางคลินิก
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Meidan, Rina, and Robert Milvae. Regulation of Bovine Corpus Luteum Function. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604935.bard.
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The main goal of this research plan was to elucidate regulatory mechanisms controlling the development, function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). The CL contains two different sterodigenic cell types and therefore it was necessary to obtain pure cell population. A system was developed in which granulosa and theca interna cells, isolated from a preovulatory follicle, acquired characteristics typical of large (LL) and small (SL) luteal cells, respectively, as judged by several biochemical and morphological criteria. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of granulosa cells removal on subsequent CL function, the results obtained support the concept that granulosa cells make a substaintial contribution to the output of progesterone by the cyclic CL but may have a limited role in determining the functional lifespan of the CL. This experimental model was also used to better understand the contribution of follicular granulosa cells to subsequent luteal SCC mRNA expression. The mitochondrial cytochrome side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the steroidogenic pathway. Experiments were conducted to characterize the gene expression of P450scc in bovine CL. Levels of P450scc mRNA were higher during mid-luteal phase than in either the early or late luteal phases. PGF 2a injection decreased luteal P450scc mRNA in a time-dependent manner; levels were significantly reduced by 2h after treatment. CLs obtained from heifers on day 8 of the estrous cycle which had granulosa cells removed had a 45% reduction in the levels of mRNA for SCC enzymes as well as a 78% reduction in the numbers of LL cells. To characterize SCC expression in each steroidogenic cell type we utilized pure cell populations. Upon luteinization, LL expressed 2-3 fold higher amounts of both SCC enzymes mRNAs than SL. Moreover, eight days after stimulant removal, LL retained their P4 production capacity, expressed P450scc mRNA and contained this protein. In our attempts to establish the in vitro luteinization model, we had to select the prevulatory and pre-gonadotropin surge follicles. The ratio of estradiol:P4 which is often used was unreliable since P4 levels are high in atretic follicles and also in preovulatory post-gonadotropin follicles. We have therefore examined whether oxytocin (OT) levels in follicular fluids could enhance our ability to correctly and easily define follicular status. Based on E2 and OT concentrations in follicular fluids we could more accurately identify follicles that are preovulatory and post gonadotropin surge. Next we studied OT biosynthesis in granulosa cells, cells which were incubated with forskolin contained stores of the precursor indicating that forskolin (which mimics gonadotropin action) is an effective stimulator of OT biosynthesis and release. While studying in vitro luteinization, we noticed that IGF-I induced effects were not identical to those induced by insulin despite the fact that megadoses of insulin were used. This was the first indication that the cells may secrete IGF binding protein(s) which regonize IGFs and not insulin. In a detailed study involving several techniques, we characterized the species of IGF binding proteins secreted by luteal cells. The effects of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid on the production of P4 and prostanoids by dispersed bovine luteal cells was examined. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in basal and LH-stimulated biosynthesis of P4 and PGI2 and an increase in production of PGF 2a and 5-HETE production. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism via the production of 5-HETE was unaffected. Results of these experiments suggest that the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on the biosynthesis of luteal P4 is due to either a direct action of arachidonic acid, or its conversion to 5-HETE via the lipoxgenase pathway of metabolism. The detailed and important information gained by the two labs elucidated the mode of action of factors crucially important to the function of the bovine CL. The data indicate that follicular granulosa cells make a major contribution to numbers of large luteal cells, OT and basal P4 production, as well as the content of cytochrome P450 scc. Granulosa-derived large luteal cells have distinct features: when luteinized, the cell no longer possesses LH receptors, its cAMP response is diminished yet P4 synthesis is sustained. This may imply that maintenance of P4 (even in the absence of a Luteotropic signal) during critical periods such as pregnancy recognition, is dependent on the proper luteinization and function of the large luteal cell.
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Kamma, Dr Prudhvi Srujan, and Dr Aishwarya Badugu. AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AS FEVER WITH PANCYTOPENIA: A CASE REPORT. World Wide Journals, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/5105754.
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Background: In the developing countries, tuberculosis is a signicant health issue. The vague presentation causes extrapulmonary tuberculosis to take longer to be diagnosed. Pancytopenia is one of the haematological symptoms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Pancytopenia may result from hypersplenism, maturation arrest, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, or inltration of the bone marrow by caseating or noncaseating granulomas causing reversible or irreversible brosis. We Case presentation: report a case of a 70 year-old man who presented with pyrexia of unknown origin with signicant loss of weight and loss of appetite. He had pallor with mild hepatosplenomegaly. He had high inammatory markers with pancytopenia in a peripheral blood smear. His chest radiograph was normal, and he had a negative Mantoux. The common risk factors such as diabetes, human immunodeciency virus (HIV) infection, chronic kidney disease, malnutrition, and immunosuppressant therapy which might contribute him to be vulnerable to TB, were not found. The denite diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis was made on the basis of caseating tuberculous granulomas in the bone marrow. Due to its Conclusions: ambiguous and nonspecic presentation, widespread TB continues to be difcult to diagnose. Particularly in places where tuberculosis is endemic, the possibility of disseminated tuberculosis should be taken into account in cases of pyrexia of unknown origin with peripheral cytopenia. In such cases, it is crucial to perform a bone marrow culture and histopathological examination simultaneously because ndings of routine diagnostics like chest radiography or Mantoux tests may be negative.
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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, Rina Meidan, Charles R. Staples, and Israel Flamenbaum. Hormonal and Nutritional Stretegies to Optimize Reproductive Function and Improve Fertility of Dairy Cattle during Heat Stress in Summer. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568773.bard.
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The BARD program includes two main parts. In the first, experiments were conducted to complete our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of reproductive functions under heat stress. Experiments focused on follicular development and function, since results obtained in our previous BARD project indicate that the preovulatory follicle is susceptible to heat stress. The theca cells, sensitive to thermal stress, produced less androgen during the summer, as well as during the autumn. Similarly, luteinized theca cells obtained from cows in summer produced much less progesterone than in winter. Granulosa cells and luteinized granulosa cells were less susceptible to heat stress. A delayed effect of heat stress on follicular development, on suppression of dominance and on steroid production by theca and granulosa cells was noted. This may be related to the low fertility of cows during the cool months of autumn. In the second part, experiments were conducted aiming to improve fertility in summer. The timed AI program was developed using two injections of GnRH coupled with PGF2a. It was found effective in improving reproductive performance in lactating cows. Limitations induced by heat stress on estrus detection were eliminated with the timed AI management program. Replacing the second injection of GnRH with hCG instead of GnRH agonist increased plasma progesterone levels post ovulation but did not improve fertility. Use of the timed AI program in summer, shortened days open and increased the net revenue per cow, however, it did not protect the embryo fiom temperature-induced embryonic mortality. Incorporation of a GnRH-agonist implant into the timed AJ program was examined. The implant increased plasma progesterone and LH concentrations and altered follicular dynamics. The use of a GnRH-implant enhanced pregnancy rate in cows with low body conditions. In a timed embryo transfer experiment, the use of fresh or frozen in vitro produced embryos was compared in the summer to improve fertility. The use of flesh embryos (but not frozen ones) improved pregnancy rate, however, substantial embryonic death occurred between 21 and 45 days. The timed AI program, which is now being used commercially, shortened days open, and increased pregnancy rate during summer. Other approaches which were found to improve fertility in small-scale studies, need to be tested again in large-scale field trials.
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Nikolov, Gueorgui, Georgi N. Georgiev, Elena Marinova, Milena Mourdjeva, and Rossitza Konakchieva. Up-regulation of MT1 and MT2 Receptors by In Vitro Melatonin and Modulation of Alpha-tubulin and Aromatase P450 Expression in Human Granulosa-lutein Cells. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.03.07.
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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, and James E. Kinder. Regulation of LH Secretion in the Periovulatory Period as a Strategy to Enhance Ovarian Function and Fertility in Dairy and Beef Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586458.bard.
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The general research objective was to increase herd pregnancy rates by enhancing corpus luteum (CL) function and optimizing follicle development, in order to increase conception rate and embryo survival. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of the duration of the preovulatory LH surge on CL function; to determine the function of LH during the postovulatory period on CL development; to optimize CL differentiation and follicle development by means of a biodegradable GnRH implant; to test whether optimization of CL development and follicle dynamics in timed- insemination protocols would improve fertility in high-yielding dairy cows. Low fertility in cattle results in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars in the USA and Israel. Two major causes of low fertility are formation of a functionally impaired CL, and subsequent enhanced ovarian follicle development. A functionally impaired CL may result from suboptimal LH secretion. The two major causes of low fertility in dairy cattle in US and Israel are negative energy status and summer heat stress; in both situations, low fertility is associated with reductions in LH secretion and impaired development of the ovulatory follicle and of the CL. In Florida, the use of 450-mg deslorelin (GnRH analogue) implants to induce ovulation, under the Ovsynch protocol resulted in a higher pregnancy rates than use of 750-mg implants, and pregnancy losses tended to decrease compared to controls, due probably to decrease in follicular development and estradiol secretion at the time of conceptus signaling to maintain the CL. An alternative strategy to enhance progesterone concentrations involved induction of an accessory CL by injection of hCG on day 5 after the cows were inseminated. Treatment with hCG resulted in 86% of the cows having two CLs, compared with 23% of the control cows. Conception rates were higher among the hCG-treated cows than among the controls. Another approach was to replace the second injection of GnRH analogue, in a timed-insemination protocol, with estradiol cypionate (ECP) injected 24 h after the injection of PGF₂ₐ Pregnancy rates were comparable with those obtained under the regular Ovsynch (timed- AI) program. Use of ECP induced estrus, and cows inseminated at detected estrus are indeed more fertile than those not in estrus at the time of insemination. Collectively, the BARD-supported programs at the University of Florida have improved timed insemination programs. In Ohio, the importance of the frequency of LH episodes during the early stages of the estrous cycle of cattle, when the corpus luteum is developing, was studied in an in vivo experiment in which cows were subjected to various episodic exposures to exogenous bovine LH. Results indicate that the frequent LH episodes immediately following the time of ovulation are important in development of the corpus luteum, from the points of view of both size and functionality. In another study, rates of cell proliferation and numbers of endothelial cells were examined in vitro in CLs collected from cows that received post-ovulation pulsatile LH treatment at various frequencies. The results indicate that the corpora lutea growth that results from luteal cell proliferation is enhanced by the episodes of LH release that occur immediately after the time of ovulation in cattle. The results also show that luteal endothelial cell numbers did not differ among cows treated with different LH doses. In Israel. a longer duration of the preovulatory LH surge stimulated the steroidogenic capacity of granulosa-derived luteal cells, and might, thereby, contribute to a higher progesterone output from the bovine corpus luteum. In an in vivo study, a subgroup of high-yielding dairy cows with extended estrus to ovulation interval was identified. Associated with this extended interval were: low plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations and a low preovulatory LH surge prior to ovulation, as well as low post- ovulation progesterone concentration. In experiments based on the above results, we found that injection of GnRH at the onset of estrus increased the LHpeak, prevented late ovulation, decreased the variability between cows and elicited high and uniform progesterone levels after ovulation. GnRH at estrus onset increased conception rates, especially in the summer, and among primiparous cows and those with low body condition. Another study compared ovarian functions in multiparous lactating cows with those in nulliparous non-lactating heifers. The results revealed differences in ovarian follicular dynamics, and in plasma concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins that may account for the differences in fertility between heifers and cows.