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Academic literature on the topic 'Granules'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Granules"

Jiang, Hongbo, and Yumin Chen. "Neighborhood Granule Classifiers." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 17, 2018): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122646.

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Classifiers are divided into linear and nonlinear classifiers. The linear classifiers are built on a basis of some hyper planes. The nonlinear classifiers are mainly neural networks. In this paper, we propose a novel neighborhood granule classifier based on a concept of granular structure and neighborhood granules of datasets. By introducing a neighborhood rough set model, the condition features and decision features of classification systems are respectively granulated to form some condition neighborhood granules and decision neighborhood granules. These neighborhood granules are sets; thus, their calculations are intersection and union operations of sets. A condition neighborhood granule and a decision neighborhood granule form a granular rule, and the collection of granular rules constitutes a granular rule library. Furthermore, we propose two kinds of distance and similarity metrics to measure granules, which are used for the searching and matching of granules. Thus, we design a granule classifier by the similarity metric. Finally, we use the granule classifier proposed in this paper for a classification test with UCI datasets. The theoretical analysis and experiments show that the proposed granule classifier achieves a better classification performance under an appropriate neighborhood granulation parameter.

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Žurauskienė, Ramunė, Marina Valentukevičienė, and Raminta Žurauskaitė. "Filter Medias from Granulated Foam-glass, Properties Investigated for Water Treatment Possibilities." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 4 (September 11, 2017): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1056.

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Inorganic material – granulated foam-glass produced from glass breakage in small porous granule shape. Foam-glass is gotten by connecting thoroughly grounded glass with foamers, later this composition is heated in the furnace in especially high temperature and is turned into various diameter greyish granules. Granulated foam-glass is a unique ecological material of which inner structure pores are arranged in such a way that air is trapped inside. Foam-glass production technology is one of the most advanced since the product is made from secondary raw materials, not leaving any third row waste. From granule surface images it can be seen that granule surface has pores and voids, some of these pores are closed, others are connected with granule’s inner pores, all pore walls are smooth, and the wall material is vitrified. Pores and voids are arranged chaotically in smaller granules, bigger granules inner space structure is tidy, bigger part is occupied by correctly arranged bigger pores and space between them is filled with smaller pores. Granules are composed of amorphous phase, in mineralogical composition can emit one material cristobalite. In the work were researched two fraction granules: 0/2 and 2/4 as well as determined 0/4 fraction granular-metric composition. Researched and determined main physical granule properties and properties related to water effect to the material, shown in micro-structural granule surface and inner structure images. According to explored properties it can be noted that granules can be adapted in water cleaning technologies.

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WANG, CHANGZHENG, YONGHUA RONG, and T. Y. HSU. "ESSENTIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING TUNNELING GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE OF GRANULAR FILMS." Modern Physics Letters B 20, no. 02n03 (January 30, 2006): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798490600944x.

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A series of ferromagnetic-insulator granular films were prepared at room temperature with a spc350 multi-target magnetron controlled sputtering system and all of the tunneling giant magnetoresistences were measured with the conventional four probes method. Experimental results revealed that TMR depends strongly on the magnetic granule, matrix and the size distribution of magnetic granules. Accordingly, a modified phenomenological theory is presented to investigate comprehensively the effect of the magnetic granule, matrix and the size distribution of magnetic granules on the TMR. In this theory, the size distribution of granules was described by the log-normal function and all granules can be divided into three categories which have different contributions on TMR by two critical sizes: D1(T) as the critical size distinguishing superparamagnetic granules from single domain ferromagnetic granules and D2(T) as the critical size distinguishing the single domain from the multi-domain. The calculated results, including TMR versus applied magnetic field, measured temperature, granule size or volume fraction, are in agreement with the experiments when the single domain ferromagnetic granules play a key role in TMR for granular films, which indicates that our modified model is reasonable.

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Barr, Jeremy J., Andrew E. Cook, and Phillip L. Bond. "Granule Formation Mechanisms within an Aerobic Wastewater System for Phosphorus Removal." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 22 (September 17, 2010): 7588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00864-10.

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ABSTRACT Granular sludge is a novel alternative for the treatment of wastewater and offers numerous operational and economic advantages over conventional floccular-sludge systems. The majority of research on granular sludge has focused on optimization of engineering aspects relating to reactor operation with little emphasis on the fundamental microbiology. In this study, we hypothesize two novel mechanisms for granule formation as observed in three laboratory scale sequencing batch reactors operating for biological phosphorus removal and treating two different types of wastewater. During the initial stages of granulation, two distinct granule types (white and yellow) were distinguished within the mixed microbial population. White granules appeared as compact, smooth, dense aggregates dominated by 97.5% “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis,” and yellow granules appeared as loose, rough, irregular aggregates with a mixed microbial population of 12.3% “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” and 57.9% “Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis,” among other bacteria. Microscopy showed white granules as homogeneous microbial aggregates and yellow granules as segregated, microcolony-like aggregates, with phylogenetic analysis suggesting that the granule types are likely not a result of strain-associated differences. The microbial community composition and arrangement suggest different formation mechanisms occur for each granule type. White granules are hypothesized to form by outgrowth from a single microcolony into a granule dominated by one bacterial type, while yellow granules are hypothesized to form via multiple microcolony aggregation into a microcolony-segregated granule with a mixed microbial population. Further understanding and application of these mechanisms and the associated microbial ecology may provide conceptual information benefiting start-up procedures for full-scale granular-sludge reactors.

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Barrere-Cain, Rio, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, and Denis M. Dwyre. "Super Resolution Optical Microscopy for Analysis of Granules in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5347.5347.

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Abstract An unusual case of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was diagnosed at our institution. The B-ALL had unusually large prominent granules, but the diagnosis was confirmed by flow cytometry. Using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), we obtained high resolution images of the granules in the lymphoblasts. With these high resolution images, we acquired detailed quantitative information on the morphology of these unusual cells. We compared the morphology of this unusual B-ALL case with granular acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, standard B-ALL cases, and non-leukemic marrow aspirate specimens. Granular B-ALL can sometimes be misdiagnosed as AML, which would result in patients not receiving the optimal treatment. Our goal is to study the structure of these unusual B-ALL cases. More information characterizing the granules may assist in understanding how these leukemic lymphoblasts function. Granules in B-ALL are believed to be abnormal organelle formations or fusions. Electron microscopy (EM) reveals that the granules resemble membrane bound vesicles and it has been suggested that they are atypical mitochondria, lysosomes, or damaged chromosomes. These suggestions have been based on EM images and the cytochemical profile of the cells (Pitman et al., 2007; Cap et al., 2000). To our knowledge, granular B-ALL lymphoblasts have never been imaged with SIM. We took images of the same cells using both brightfield light microscopy and SIM. Figures 2 and 3 show the same cells imaged with both microscopes. We made maximum intensity Z projections (the pixels in stack of images with maximum intensity projected onto one image), cutting off Z-slices where the cell was not focused in order to avoid measuring granules outside the cell. Next, we randomly selected granules to measure in each cell's Z projection. Using Image J software, we measured the surface area, diameter, depth, intensity relative to background, and shortest distance to nucleus and plasma membrane for each individual granule. We then averaged the measurements from each type of sample (granular B-ALL, AML, non-leukemic). The granules in B-ALL had an average diameter of .285 micrometers, average depth of .506 micrometers, average surface area of .147 micrometers squared, and were on average 2.74 times more intense than the background. The granules in AML had an average diameter of .479 micrometers, average depth of .440 micrometers, average surface area of .2255 micrometers squared, and were on average 1.953 times more intense than the background. The B-ALL granules were smaller and more intense. The stain used for the cytoplasm, eosin, is acidic. The brighter B-ALL granules suggest that they have higher concentrations of basic proteins than the AML granules. This technique may be useful in separating granules in AML leukemia, ALL leukemias, and possibly leukemias of ambiguous lineage. Other techniques we are investigating include automated count of granules and granule characterization with Raman Spectroscopy to determine chemical composition. Evaluating the cells with fluorescent probes that specifically attach to either lysosomes or mitochondria may give additional biochemical information about the granules/leukemias. Matching fluorescent signals from these probes to granules in ALL may assist in determining whether the granules are lysosomal or mitochondrial in origin. Figure 1: Granular B-ALL bone marrow aspirate sample imaged with SIM and converted to a maximum intensity Z projection, arrow indicates a granule Figure 1:. Granular B-ALL bone marrow aspirate sample imaged with SIM and converted to a maximum intensity Z projection, arrow indicates a granule Figure 2: AML bone marrow aspirate sample imaged with SIM and converted to a maximum intensity Z projection, arrow indicates a granule Figure 2:. AML bone marrow aspirate sample imaged with SIM and converted to a maximum intensity Z projection, arrow indicates a granule Figure 3: AML bone marrow aspirate sample imaged with a brightfield light microscope and magnified 100 times, arrows indicate granules Figure 3:. AML bone marrow aspirate sample imaged with a brightfield light microscope and magnified 100 times, arrows indicate granules Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Liu, Hongbing, Chunhua Liu, and Chang-an Wu. "Granular Computing Classification Algorithms Based on Distance Measures between Granules from the View of Set." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/656790.

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Granular computing classification algorithms are proposed based on distance measures between two granules from the view of set. Firstly, granules are represented as the forms of hyperdiamond, hypersphere, hypercube, and hyperbox. Secondly, the distance measure between two granules is defined from the view of set, and the union operator between two granules is formed to obtain the granule set including the granules with different granularity. Thirdly the threshold of granularity determines the union between two granules and is used to form the granular computing classification algorithms based on distance measures (DGrC). The benchmark datasets in UCI Machine Learning Repository are used to verify the performance of DGrC, and experimental results show that DGrC improved the testing accuracies.

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Xi, Limeng, Wenli Huang, Binbin Sun, Fansheng Meng, and Shiguo Gu. "Effects of illumination time on biological community of algal-bacterial granules and lipid content." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 6 (December 4, 2021): 210334–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2021.334.

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Synthetic wastewater was used to culture granular sludge for 21 weeks at three sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process (SBR) under different photoperiods. The growth of algae changed granular oxygen distribution, which affected the composition of microbial communities. Different photoperiods were able to alter the formation of granular sludge and the microbial community granules. In short photoperiod (12 h/d) sludge could generate symbiotic algae-bacteria granules in the SBR. By contrast, the long photoperiod (24 h/d) promotes the growth of algae and Ascomycota early, and then inhibits algae, especially chlorophyta (only 1.18%). In the end, algae-bacteria-fungi granules were formed in long photoperiod (LP). By GC-MS and model calculation, the lipid content of algae-bacteria granules was 33.71% more than that of pure aerobic granular sludge. However, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in algae-bacteria granules was as high as 43%, resulting in the quality of biodiesel prepared from algae-bacteria granule being slightly worse than that prepared from pure aerobic granular sludge. But both of them were better than biodiesel prepared from pure algae. The biodiesel content of algae-bacteria granule in short photoperiod (SP) and LP were 68.79 and 70.66 mg/g, respectively, which was better than that of pure aerobic particles (52.30 mg/g). Therefore, the formation of algae-bacteria granules is an effective way to remove nutrients and reduce harvesting costs.

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Chen, Pei, Xiao Zhang, Nan Xiao, and Xue Hui Wu. "The Influence of Amylose and Amylopectin Characteristics on Phase Transition of Cornstarches Observed under Shearless Condition." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1170.

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The influence of amylose and amylopectin characteristics on phase transition of cornstarches under shearless condition was observed by SEM and CLSM. The change of internal structure of starch granules during heating were directly observed online. Brightness of starch granule indicates the degree of gelatinization. The brightness of all the starches decreased with increasing temperature, this change being initiated at the centre of granule. Thus it is clear that the gelatinization process starts at the hilum of the granules. The central area of the granule around the hilum is believed to be the least organized region. The granules of waxy maize and normal maize starch subsequently break through at their cavity and channels, when the granules became swollen during gelatinization, whilst the granules of G50 and G80 remain granular and break down to smaller pieces.

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Youssefian, Tayebeh, and Elisabeth M. Cramer. "Megakaryocyte dense granule components are sorted in multivesicular bodies." Blood 95, no. 12 (June 15, 2000): 4004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.12.4004.

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Abstract Recent studies suggest that multivesicular bodies are an intermediate stage in the formation of -granules. In contrast, the kinetics and mode of appearance of dense granules during megakaryocytic maturation has remained poorly understood. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to monitor the appearance of dense granular markers (granulophysin and serotonin) on cryosections of human megakaryocytes (MKs) cultured from CD34+ precursors. The monitoring was done on days 8 and 13 of culture. The data suggest that dense granules appear in immature MKs early during their maturation, concomitantly with -granule formation. In MKs of intermediary maturation stage, granulophysin was mainly localized within dense granules and multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which were also labeled for serotonin. This study provides evidence that granulophysin is a dense granule marker in human MKs and that MVBs are an intermediary stage of dense granule maturation and probably constitute a sorting compartment between -granules and dense granules.

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Recent studies suggest that multivesicular bodies are an intermediate stage in the formation of -granules. In contrast, the kinetics and mode of appearance of dense granules during megakaryocytic maturation has remained poorly understood. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to monitor the appearance of dense granular markers (granulophysin and serotonin) on cryosections of human megakaryocytes (MKs) cultured from CD34+ precursors. The monitoring was done on days 8 and 13 of culture. The data suggest that dense granules appear in immature MKs early during their maturation, concomitantly with -granule formation. In MKs of intermediary maturation stage, granulophysin was mainly localized within dense granules and multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which were also labeled for serotonin. This study provides evidence that granulophysin is a dense granule marker in human MKs and that MVBs are an intermediary stage of dense granule maturation and probably constitute a sorting compartment between -granules and dense granules.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Granules"

Gabbott, Ian. "Designer granules : beating the trade-off between granule strength and dissolution time." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3605/.

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The work described in this part of the thesis is involved mainly with uprating a 55W air-turbine driven permanent magnet generator to 250W. It is shown that the electrical performance of the generator can be predicted from a simple equivalent circuit comprising an, induced emf source with a series inductance and resistance. When matching the generator and turbine characteristics iron losses are included as an additional torque requirement. Analysis has identified that the most important parameters which determine the rating-of the generator are the stator flux, linkage, stator inductance, and number of pole pairs. Investigations have therefore centred around the calculation of these quantities. Previous design methods for calculating the parameters have been dependent on experimental data for particular magnet geometries. They are not sufficiently general to permit design calculations for magnets having radically different shapes or properties. Therefore the finite element method is used to predict the magnetic field distribution, from which the stator winding flux linkages and inductance, and the saliency torque, are predicted, an important parameter when matching the turbine and generator at starting. The finite element method offers significant advantages over analytical methods because it can account accurately for leakage flux, it can handle complex configurations of magnetic circuit and the directional properties of the magnet, and it allows different parts of the magnet to operate at different flux density levels. The performance of the generator is predicted with reasonable accuracy. Alternative rotors for the 250W generator have been designed and tested. Results have shown that the existing generator can be adapted to the 250W design simply by using a rare-earth magnet rotor, and selecting a suitable stator winding turns factor for matching the generator and bulb. Two methods of matching the load characteristics of the turbine, generator and bulb, to produce an acceptable system have been developed. A simple electronic protection circuit has been designed to prevent the 250W generator from overspeeding in the event of bulb failure. Additionally it can limit over-voltages, caused by variations in the pressure of the air supply, which would otherwise decrease the life of the bulb.

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Kilpatrick, Lynn Agnes. "Biogenesis of chromaffin granules." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18345.

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Bovine adrenal medullary messenger RNA was isolated and translated in optimised reticulocyte lysate and wheatgerm cell-free translation systems. Reticulocyte lysate was found to be the superior translation system. An attempt was made to characterize the primary polypeptide precursors to the major chromaffin granule secretory protein, chromogranin A, and to the two major chromaffin granule membrane proteins, dopamine β-hydroxylase and cytochrome b561 using previously prepared and well-characterized antisera raised against these proteins. Two similar polypeptides of 70,000 and pI of about 5.2 were immunoprecipitated from the translation products by the antiserum against chromogranin A. When reticulocyte lysate was supplemented with dog pancreas microsomes, one polypeptide of slightly lower which was translocated into the lumen of the microsomal vesicles as determined by alkaline washing, was immunoprecipitated by this antiserum. Precursors to chromogranin A were subsequently identified from the polypeptide products when reticulocyte lysate was supplemented with adrenal medullary bound polysomes or rough microsomes. The effects of post-translational processing on chromogranin A were observed during the cellular synthesis of chromogranin A, during which chromogranin A becomes more heterogeneous with respect to pi and it is concluded that the smaller members of the chromogranin A family result from the action of intragranular proteolysis on chromogranin A during the maturation and storage of the granules. Two polypeptides of 72,000 and 46,000, were immunoprecipitated from translation products by the antiserum raised against the soluble form of dopamine β-hydroxylase. The 46,000 dalton polypeptide is most likely a breakdown product of the 72,000 dalton polypeptide. When reticulocyte lysate was supplemented with dog pancreas microsomes, a polypeptide of 67,000 daltons was immunoprecipitated by the antiserum to dopamine β-hydroxylase. This polypeptide was translocated into the lumen of the microsomal vesicles as determined by phase separation of the microsomes with Triton X—114. Thus, the soluble form of dopamine β-hydroxylase would appear to be synthesized as a precursor of 72,000 daltons which, on removal of its signal sequence, is reduced to a 67,000 dalton polypeptide. Antisera were prepared against various chemically and enzvmatically modified forms of cytochrome b561 in an attempt to immunoprecipitate the polypeptide precursor to this protein from translation products. However, all attempts to identify the precursor to this protein were unsuccessful. An extensively-labelled small acidic translation product was tentatively identified as calmodulin.

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Miller, Linda. "Characterization of ribonucleic acid granules." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92296.

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Boren, Mats. "Proteomics of barley starch granules /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plantbiology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005107.pdf.

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Van, Eeden Alida Elizabeth. "Extracellular polymer extraction and analysis from UASB granules and batch produced anaerobic granular sludge." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52841.

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Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The start-up period of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactors can significantly be reduced by enhancing the time-consuming granulation process through the batch cultivation of anaerobic granular sludge and thus seeding the reactor with this cultivated granular sludge, instead of raw anaerobic sludge. The precise mechanism for granule formation is not well known, but it is believed that extracellular polymers (ECP) play a critical role in the granulation process. Information on the precise role of ECP is also limited and no universal standardised method for ECP extraction is used at present. Therefore, comparison of results from different researchers has to be made with great caution. The objectives of this study were to evaluate an ECP extraction methód so as to optimise the extraction time, and then to correlate ECP composition of UASB granules with granule metabolic activity. The impact of changes in the environmental conditions, such as sludge sources (Paarl and Kraaifontein-sludge), carbon growth substrates (yeast extract lactate, glucose medium and fruit cocktail effluent) and batch cultivation techniques (roller-table and shake-waterbath), on batch cultivation studies was also evaluated in terms of granule activity, ECP composition and granule formation. A physical extraction method was used to quantify the ECP content of UASB granules from six different sources. The optimal extraction time was taken as the time needed before cell lysis took place, and before intracellular material started contributing to the ECP content of the granules. It was concluded that the ECP composition was affected by the wastewater composition fed to the original UASB reactors, It was also found that the activity test results could be used to indirectly predict the activity of the different trophic groups present in the UASB granules. A correlation was found between the activity test results and the total ECP content, and this showed that the granules with the higher ECP yields exhibited greater biogas (SB) and methanogenic (SM) activities. However, based on the activity data and total ECP content, it appeared that a protein:carbohydrate ratio < 1 affected the activity of the granules, The sludge source used as inoculum for batch cultivation of anaerobic granular sludge had a significant effect on granule formation. The use of a pre- granulated raw anaerobic sludge, such as the Paarl-sludge, resulted in a greater increase in granule numbers at the end of the cultivation period. The acetic acid activity profiles showed that the acetoclastic methanogens that are involved in initiation of granulation by nucleus formation, were inactive or absent in the different batch systems, with the exception of the roller-table glucose cultivated Kraaifontein-sludge (RKG) batch system. The addition of glucose as carbon growth substrate for batch cultivation not only enhanced the activity of the acidogenic population, but also led to the establishment to a greater variety of granule trophic groups within all the glucose cultivated batch systems. The addition of fruit cocktail effluent as carbon substrate enhanced ECP production in the Paarl-sludge cultivated batch systems. However, the addition of carbon substrates showed no discernible trend on granule formation itself. The roller-table cultivation technique resulted in the higher increase in granule numbers, and it was speculated that the more vigorous shake-waterbath technique probably shortened the contact time between biomass and substrate. Large variations in the ECP composition of the different batch systems were found, and these were ascribed to the composition heterogeneity of different sludges. For future studies, it is advisable to characterise sludge, both chemically and microbiologically before using as inoculum. The selection of an appropriate sludge inoculum should then lead to optimisation of the granulation process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvangsperiode van "Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed" (UASB) bioreaktors kan noemenswaardig verminder word deur die tydsame granulasie proses te versnel deur die vooraf lot-kweking van anaërobe granulêre slyk waarmee 'n reaktor dus geïnokuleer kan word in plaas van rou anaërobe slyk. Die presiese meganisme van granulevorming is nog nie welbekend nie, maar daar word beweer dat ekstrasellulêre polimere (ECP) wel 'n kritiese rol speel in die granulasie proses. Inligting; oor die presiese rol van ECP is ook nog beperk, en tans word daar nog , geen universele standaard metode vir ECP-ekstraksie gebruik nie. Gevolglik moet resultate vanaf verskeie navorsers met groot omsigtigheid vergelyk word. Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was om 'n ECP ekstraksiemetode te evalueer deur die ekstraksietyd te optimiseer, en dan te korreleer met die ECP samestelling en metaboliese aktiwiteit van die UASB granules. Die inwerking van veranderinge in omgewingskondisies, soos slykbronne (Paarl- en Kraaifontein-slyk), koolstofbronne (gisekstrak-Iaktaat-, glukose-medium en vrugtekelkie-uitvloeisel) en lot-kwekingstegnieke (rol-tafel en skud-waterbad) op lot-kweking studies in terme van granule aktiwiteit, ECP-samestelling en granulevorming is ook ondersoek. 'n Fisiese ekstraksie metode is gebruik om die ECP-inhoud van UASB granules vanaf ses verskillende bronne te bepaal. Die optimale ekstraksietyd is geneem as die tyd benodig voordat sellise sal plaasvind en die intrasellulêre materiaal 'n bydrae sal lewer tot die ECP-inhoud van granules. Dit is afgelei dat die ECP-samestelling beïnvloed word deur die samestelling van die afvalwater wat vir die oorspronklike UASB bioreaktors gevoer is. Voorts is gevind dat die aktiwiteitstoets resultate indirek gebruik kan word vir die voorspelling van aktiwiteit van die verskillende trofiese groepe wat in die UASB granules teenwoordig is. 'n Korrelasie is gevind tussen die aktiwiteitstoets resultate en die totale ECP-inhoud wat aangedui het dat granules met hoër ECP opbrengste, beter biogas (SB) en metanogeniese (SM) aktiwiteit getoon het. Volgens die aktiwiteitsdata en totale ECP-inhoud het dit egter geblyk dat 'n proteïen:koolhidraat verhouding < 1 die aktiwiteit van granules beïnvloed het. Die slykbron wat as inokulum gebruik is vir lot-kweking van' anaërobiese granulêre slyk het 'n noemenswaardige invloed gehad op granulevorming. Die gebruik van 'n rou anaërobe slyk wat reeds 'n mate van granulasie getoon het, soos die Paarl-slyk, het 'n hoër toename in granule getalle aan die einde van die kwekingsperiode teweeg gebring. Die asynsuur aktiwiteitsprofiele het aangedui dat die asetoklastiese metanogene, wat hoofsaaklik betrokke is by inisiëring van granulasie deur kernvorming, onaktief of afwesig was in al die verskillende lotsisteme, met die uitsondering van die roltafel glukose-gekultiveerde Kraaifonteinslyk (RKG) lot-sisteem. Die toevoeging van glukose as koolstofbron vir lot-kweking het nie alleenlik die aktiwiteit van die asidogene populasie verhoog nie, maar het ook bygedra tot die vestiging van 'n groter verskeidenheid van granule trofiese groepe. Die toevoeging van vrugtekelkie-uitvloeisel as koolstofbron het die produksie van ECP verhoog in die Paarl-slyk gekweekte lot-sisteme. Die toevoeging van koolstofsubstrate het egter geen merkbare verandering getoon in granulasie opsigself nie. Die rol-tafel kwekingstegniek het 'n hoër toename in granule getalle tot gevolg gehad, en dit is gespekuleer dat die meer kragtige skud-waterbad tegniek waarskynlik die kontaktyd tussen die substraat en biomassa verkort het. Groot variasies is gevind in die ECP-samestelling van die verskillende lotsisteme, en dit is toegeskryf aan die heterogene samestelling van die verskillende slyke. Vir toekomstige navorsing is dit raadsaam om slyk voor gebruik as inokulum beide chemies en mikrobiologies te karakteriseer. Die keuse van 'n geskikte slyk-inokulum sal bydra tot die optimisering van die granulasie proses.

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Cid, Samper Fernando 1991. "Computational approaches to characterize RNP granules." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668449.

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Ribonucleoprotein granules (RNP granules) are liquid-liquid phase separated complexes composed mainly by proteins and RNA. They are responsible of many processes involved in RNA regulation. Alterations in the dynamics of these proteinRNA complexes are associated with the appearance of several neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS or Fragile X Tremor Ataxia Syndrome FXTAS. Yet, many aspects of their organization as well as the specific roles of the RNA on the formation and function of these complexes are still unknown. In order to study RNP granules structure and formation, we integrated several state of the art high-throughput datasets. This includes protein and RNA composition obtained from RNP pull-downs, protein-RNA interaction data from eCLIP experiments and transcriptome-wide secondary structure information (produced by PARS). We used network analysis and clustering algorithms to understand the fundamental properties of granule RNAs. By integrating these properties, we produced a model to identify scaffolding RNA. Scaffolding RNAs are able to recruit many protein components into RNP granules. We found that the main protein components of stress granules (a kind of RNP granules) are connected through protein-RNA interactions. We also analyzed the contribution of RNA-RNA interactions and RNA post-transcriptional modifications on the granule internal organization. We applied these findings to understand the biochemical pathophysiology of FXTAS disease, employing as well some novel experimental data. In FXTAS, a mutation on the FMR1 gene produces a 5´microsatellite repetition that enhances its scaffolding ability. This mutated mRNA is able to sequester some important proteins into nuclear RNP granules, such as TRA2A (i.e. a splicing factor), impeding their normal function and therefore producing some symptoms associated with the progress of the disease. The better understanding of the principles governing granules formation and structure will enable to develop novel therapies (e.g. aptamers) to mitigate the development of several neurodegenerative diseases.
Los gránulos ribonucleoproteicos (gránulos RNP, por sus siglas en inglés) son complejos producidos mediante separación líquido-líquido y están constituidos principalmente por proteínas y ARN. Son responsables de numerosos procesos involucrados con la regulación del ARN. Alteraciones en la dinámica de estos complejos de proteínas y ARN están asociadas con la aparición de diversas enfermedades neurodegenerativas como el ELA o FXTAS. Sin embargo, todavía se desconocen muchos aspectos relativos a su organización interna así como las contribuciones específicas del RNA en la formación y funcionamiento de estos complejos. A fin de estudiar la estructura y formación de los gránulos RNP, hemos integrado varias bases de datos de alto rendimiento de reciente aparición. Esto incluye datos sobre la composición proteica y en ARN de los RNP, sobre la interacción de proteínas y ARN extraída de experimentos de eCLIP y sobre la estructura secundaria del transcriptoma (producida mediante PARS). Todos estos datos han sido procesados para comprender las propiedades fundamentales de los ARNs que integran los gránulos, mediante el empleo de métodos computacionales como el análisis de redes o algoritmos de agrupamiento. De esta manera, hemos producido un modelo que integra varias de estas propiedades e identifica candidatos denominados ARNs de andamiaje. Definimos ARNs de andamiaje como moléculas de ARN con una alta propensión a formar gránulos y reclutar un gran número de componentes proteicos a los gránulos RNP. También hemos encontrado que las interacciones proteína-ARN conectan los principales componentes proteicos de consenso de los gránulos de estrés (un tipo específico de gránulos RNP). También hemos estudiado la contribución de las interacciones ARN-ARN y las modificaciones post-transcriptionales del RNA en la organización interna del gránulo. Hemos aplicado estos resultados para la comprensión de la fisiopatología molecular de FXTAS, empleando también algunos datos experimentales originales. En FXTAS, una mutación en el gen FMR1 produce una repetición de microsatélite en 5´ que incrementa su capacidad como ARN de andamiaje. Este mARN mutado es capaz de secuestrar algunas proteínas importantes como TRA2A (un factor de ayuste alternativo) en gránulos RNP nucleares, impidiendo su normal funcionamiento y por consiguiente produciendo algunos síntomas asociados con el progreso de la enfermedad. Una mejor comprensión de los principios que gobiernan la formación y estructura de los gránulos puede permitir desarrollar nuevas terapias (ej: aptámeros) para mitigar el desarrollo de diversas enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

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Abou, Chakra Oussama. "Allergénicité des Granules Cytoplasmiques de Pollen." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00567120.

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Le pollen des Graminées est l'un des principaux vecteurs d'allergènes. Il contribue à l'apparition des allergies respiratoires comme l'asthme et la rhinite allergique. En contact avec l'eau de pluie ou des polluants atmosphériques, le pollen peut libérer des microparticules (<5 !m) dites granules cytoplasmiques de pollen. À cause de leur taille, ces granules peuvent pénétrer plus profondément dans l'appareil respiratoire que le pollen entier et induire ainsi des réactions allergiques. L'objectif de ce travail est de caractériser l'allergénicité de ces granules selon 3 volets : épidémiologique, expérimental et analytique. Les résultats de l'étude épidémiologique mettent évidence un effet éventuel des granules dans la survenue des allergies respiratoires, et plus particulièrement de l'asthme. Dans la partie expérimentale, les résultats obtenus permettent de montrer que les granules induisent des réactions allergiques, humorales et cellulaires ainsi que des réponses inflammatoires, comparables au pollen entier, chez le rat Brown Norway, le modèle animal d'allergie ici utilisé. Enfin, la partie analytique permet de conclure que l'allergénicité des granules dépend à la fois de leur contenu en allergènes hydrosolubles et non-hydrosolubles.

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Mokas, Sophie. "Mécanismes d'assemblage des granules de stress." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28583/28583.pdf.

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Les granules de stress (GS) sont des sites de régulation de la traduction qui permettent aux cellules cancéreuses de survivre au stress. Elles apparaissent sous différentes conditions de stress et disparaissent une fois remises de celles-ci. Elles se forment selon deux voies, l’une dépendante de la phosphorylation du facteur eIF2α et l’autre indépendante. Les mécanismes d’assemblage des GS par cette dernière voie restent méconnus. Afin de définir ces mécanismes, l’objectif principal de ma maîtrise était de caractériser les étapes critiques de la formation de GS. En utilisant des approches pharmacologiques et d’interférence à l’ARN, nous démontrons que l’inactivation de plusieurs facteurs d’initiation de la traduction provoque la formation de GS indépendamment de la phosphorylation d’eIF2α. Par contre, l’inactivation du facteur eIF4E, ainsi que ceux permettant l’association du 60S à l’ARNm, n’induit pas de GS. De nouvelles stratégies anti-cancer inhibant la traduction et bloquant la formation de GS serait alors possible.

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Marmuse, Laurence. "Maltooligosaccharides as models for starch granules." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410123.

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Cheong, Yuen Sin. "Mechanical characteristics of model binderless granules." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434489.

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Books on the topic "Granules"

Myllärinen, Päivi. Starches: From granules to novel applications. Espoo [Finland]: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2002.

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United States. Army Aviation Systems Command. and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Numerical experiments with flow of elongated granules. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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P, Yuryev Vladimir, Tomasik Piotr, and Ruck Heiz, eds. Starch: From polysaccharides to granules, simple and mixture gels. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2004.

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M, Meyers Kenneth, and Barnes Charles D, eds. The Platelet amine storage granule. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.

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1941-, Ganten D., Pfaff Donald W. 1939-, Pickering Brian T, and Cooke I. M, eds. Stimulus-secretion coupling in neuroendocrine systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Tomoharu, Nakashima, and Nii Manabu, eds. Classification and modeling with linguistic information granules: Advanced approaches advanced approaches to linguistic data mining. New York: Springer, 2005.

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National Workshop on Urea Super Granules and Sustainable Agriculture in Bangladesh (1998 Dhaka, Bangladesh). Proceedings of the National Workshop on Urea Super Granules (USG) and Sustainable Agriculture in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Agrobased Industries and Technology Development Project, 1998.

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Dvorak, Ann M. The case for extending storage and secretion functions of human mast cell granules to include synthesis. Stuttgart: Urban & Fischer, 2002.

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S, Morgan Ellen, ed. The case for extending storage and secretion functions of human mast cell granules to include synthesis. Stuttgart: Urban & Fischer, 2002.

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Antony, S. Joseph, W. Hoyle, and Yulong Ding, eds. Granular Materials. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847550996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Granules"

Pedrycz, Witold. "Information Granules and Granular Computing." In An Introduction to Computing with Fuzzy Sets, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52800-3_1.

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van der Wal, Jacqueline E. "Fordyce Granules." In Encyclopedia of Pathology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_707-1.

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Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Secretory Granules." In Functional Ultrastructure, 86–87. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_45.

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Kastelan, Marija. "Cytolytic Granules." In Compendium of Inflammatory Diseases, 433–38. Basel: Springer Basel, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8550-7_104.

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Kastelan, Marija. "Cytolytic Granules." In Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases, 1–7. Basel: Springer Basel, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0620-6_104-1.

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van der Wal, Jacqueline E. "Fordyce Granules." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 172–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28085-1_707.

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Nagy, Dávid, Tamás Mihálydeák, and Tamás Kádek. "Similarity Based Granules." In Rough Sets, 35–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52705-1_3.

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Hońko, Piotr. "Relation-Based Granules." In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 83–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52751-2_8.

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McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, et al. "Platelet Storage Granules." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 1035. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_809.

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Lovell, Donald R. "Thermoplastic Moulding Granules." In Carbon and High Performance Fibres Directory and Databook, 371–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0695-5_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Granules"

Ghosh, Sayanti, and Saswati Chakraborty. "Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-rich wastewater by aerobic granules of oil degrading bacterial strains in salinity influence." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.23.

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Granulation of sewage and brewery sludge isolated oil degrader Brevibacterium and Staphylococcus were investigated in hydrocarbon-rich wastewater with 280 mg/L of hydrocarbon at 10-25 g/L NaCl salinity influence. Brevibacterium and Staphylococcus cultures were inoculated in aerobic granular reactors (AGRs) R1 and R2 which were operated with 24 h cycle time and 2 L/min air flow rate. Yellowish matured granules appeared within 15 days. R1 granules achieved stability till 15 g/L NaCl concentration but faced disintegration between 15-20 mg/L NaCl exposure which reduced granule size and hydrocarbon removal from 2.15-1.7 mm and 78-73%. R2 granules were more salt tolerant providing 2.5±0.5 mm granule size with 4±1 g/L volatile suspended solids (VSS) and 201±1 mg/g VSS extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content achieving 81±0.7% hydrocarbon removal in 30 days. High granule stability and biomass concentration ensured less biomass washout from reactors. Granule settling velocity (GSV) in R1 and R2 reached 20±1 and 32±0.8 m/h which corresponded with granule size profiles. Kinetics analysis showed that at steady state, R1 and R2 were capable of 72 and 91% phenol removals in 30 and 24 h, respectively. Hence, the study provided salt tolerant oil degrading granules for refinery wastewater treatment.

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Mieldazys, Ramunas, Egle Jotautiene, Aloyzas Gaudutis, and Algirdas Jasinskas. "Comparison of physical mechanical properties of granulated fertilizer produced from composted cattle and dried cow, Pig and poultry manure." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf051.

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The advantages of granular organic fertilizers are more convenient handling, storage, transportation, compared to traditional management of manure with litter. Manure granulation can increase the bulk density, improve storability, reduce transportation costs, and make these materials easier to handle using traditional existing handling and storage equipment. There were prepared four experimental samples of various manure mill and granules in laboratory conditions. For granule production a 7.5 kW granulator, with a horizontal 6 mm matrix was used. During the research, the physical-mechanical characteristics were estimated: biometric properties (dimensions, mass), raw material and granule volume and density, humidity, and granule strength of various composition cattle, cow, pig, and poultry manure material. Cattle manure compost contained the most material (65%) of the mass fraction, up to 0.25 mm. In dried cow, pig, and poultry manure, the amount of fraction material was mostly from 1 to 2 mm. The obtained results show that the highest bulk density of the prepared mill was from cow manure and the lowest bulk density was from poultry manure. The highest moisture content was also for cow manure, and the lowest determined moisture content was for poultry manure samples. The highest density was determined for cattle manure compost granules. The highest compressive strength, in the horizontal plane, was determined for hen manure granules, the force required to crush them reached 657 N. The aim of this work is to compare the main physical and mechanical properties of the studied manure material and produced experimental granules.

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Cramer, Elisabeth M., F. John, William Vainchenker, and Janine Breton-Gorius. "PRODUCTION AND LOCALISATION OF ALPHA-GRANULE PROTEINS IN MATURING MEGAKARYOCYTES: AN OVERVIEW ON ULTRA-STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF MEGAKARYOCYTE MATURATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642952.

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In order to study the production of α- granule proteins in maturing megakaryocytes, we used immunocytochemical techniques performed on cultured and enriched bone marrow megakaryocytes. Cultures were prepared from bone marrow CFU-MK with the methylcellulose and plasma clot techniques. Preparation of bone marrow megakaryocytes was carried out from human or pig rib marrow separated on percoll gradient and counterflow centrifugation. Megakaryocyte preparations were 90$ pure and represented 85$ of those in the whole marrow. Activation was prevented with prostacyclin and prefixation with low concentration glutaraldehyde. A panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, against different platelet membrane glycoproteins and against cytoplasmic antigens (such as von Willebrand Factor (vWF), fibrinogen (Fg) and thrombospondin (TSP)) was used and observed by immunofluorescence or by immunogold in electron microscopy.The first megakaryocytic precursors, promegakaryoblasts (PMKB) identifiable by these antibodies were found at day 5 of culture. They had the size of lymphocytes, were labelled for GP lib, Ilia, and Ilb-IIIa complex but not for GPIb which appeared later. Platelet peroxidase was also present, otherwise these cells were devoid of α- granules and only a few of them exhibited a diffuse pattern for vWF immunolabelling. One day later membrane GPIb and diffuse cytoplasmic labelling for vWF were detected in the majority of PMKB. At day 9 of culture, this pattern of labelling for vWF became more intense and granular. The same pattern was observed for TSP and platelet factor 4. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that in immature megakaryocytes isolated from human bone marrow, labelling for vWF and TSP was observed in vesicles located in the Golgi region; in addition numerous small granules less than 0.1pm in diameter, round or elongated in shape, were labelled for these antigens. In mature human megakaryocytes, the labelling for these cytoplasmic antigens was restricted to the platelet α- granules in a distribution pattern similar to that of platelet α- granules. However, the labelling for Fg was consistently less intense in the granules of immature and mature megakaryocytes than in platelets.Because in platelets α- granule immunolabelling for vWF is associated with tubular structures which are specially prominent in porcine species, we studied vWF and tubular structures in pig megakaryocytes. Standard and immunoelectron microscopy revealed the simultaneous appearance of both in the small vesicles located in the Golgi area in the small immature α- granules and later in the mature α- granules. In mature megakaryocytes, labelling for vWF was intense and restricted to the α- granules. It was distributed eccentrically as in porcine blood platelets. Gold particles were often eccentrically located at one pole of the α- granule either labelling only its periphery or outlining one side of an elongated granule. Standard electron microscopy showed that tubular structures were very numerous in the mature α-granules, regularly spaced, arranged in parallel and usually located at one side of the granule. On the other hand platelets from pigs with homozygous von Willebrand disease were found to be completely devoid of both tubular structures and immunolabelling for vWF suggesting that the tubules represent the vWF itself.In acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, several phenotypes of PMKB were found in different patients, which corresponded to the stages of maturation of cultured megakaryocytes from CFU-MK.In conclusion, immunolabelling methods combined with megakaryocyte enrichment techniques are useful tools to study the origin of megakaryocyte (and platelet) granular proteins.

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Chan, Kiki, Gladys Olubowale, Levente Diosady, and Yu-Ling Cheng. "Attrition of fully hydrogenated soybean oil-coated micronutrient granules during mixing." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/iwnz7321.

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Fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FHSBO) is a versatile coating material for food and pharmaceutical products. Its neutral taste, oxidative and thermal stability, and hydrophobicity, makes it an ideal physical barrier against moisture and oxygen. As a coating on granular foods, FHSBO also prevents undesirable interactions between the coated granules and other components in the product matrix. However, during mixing processes, impact from the mixer impellers and abrasion from the other ingredients can lead to chipping or wear on FHSBO coatings, which lowers the quality of the finished products. Unfortunately, existing efforts to maintain the integrity of FHSBO-coated granules are limited to trial-and-error adjustments to processing parameters and product formulations because attrition mechanisms are not well understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify the influence of processing parameters on the attrition of FHSBO-coated granules. Specifically, we examined granule attrition in FHSBO-coated micronutrient premix during the manufacturing process for fortified bouillon cubes. Each micronutrient premix granule comprises an agglomerated micronutrient (i.e., vitamins and minerals) core, a titanium dioxide layer, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) layer, and an FHSBO coating. The external coating of FHSBO on premix granules stabilizes the vitamins and minerals in fortified foods during storage. In this study, premix granules were subjected to the mixing and coating conditions typical of the bouillon cube manufacturing process, and the degree of core exposure in the granules was measured. Our results show that the abrasion from crystalline ingredients in the bouillon cube matrix and the impact from the mixer impellers during the mixing and coating steps can compromise the FHSBO coating on premix. This study provides insights for improving product quality in edible applications involving fully hydrogenated soybean oil and similar fat coatings.

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Skowron, Andrzej. "Informational Granules in Interactive Granular Computing †." In IS4SI Summit 2023. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmsf2023008039.

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Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M., and Ryan Houlihan. "Massively Parallel Granular Media Modeling of Robot-Terrain Interactions." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71194.

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This paper presents select results that demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the interactions of robotic systems with granular terrain through Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) using massively parallel computing systems. We report numerical simulation results of full 3D DEM simulations with the granular material modeled as a deformable bed of spherical granules. The mobility systems of the robots retain their CAD geometry and are represented as triangular meshes. The inter-granular interactions and the interactions between the CAD mesh triangles with the granules are modeled explicitly using a deformation-damping force field. The parameters of the force field are derived from physically measurable properties. We model friction, cohesion, and shearing and other interactions among the granules, and between the CAD mesh and the granules. The simulations involve granular beds with number of granules in the order of several hundred thousand to several millions. Temporally, we report simulations in the order of several seconds. These simulations were run on parallel clusters with number of processors ranging from 100 to 256. We present the findings from a number of simulations ranging including wheeled and legged mobility systems, and robotic tools in micro-gravity environments.

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Fang, X., and J. Tang. "Granular Damping Analysis Using a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Approach." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14448.

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Granular damping, which possesses promising features for vibration suppression in harsh environment, has been studied using empirical analysis and more recently using the discrete element method (DEM). The mechanism of granular damping is highly nonlinear, and, when numerical analyses are performed, usually a relatively long simulation time of structural vibration is needed to reflect the damping behavior especially at low frequency range. The present research explores the granular damping analysis by means of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) approach. Unlike the DEM that tracks the motion of granules using the direct numerical integration of Newton's equations, the DSMC is a statistical approach derived from the Boltzmann equation to describe the velocity evolution of the granular system. Since the exact time and locations of contacts among granules are not calculated in the DSMC, a significant reduction in computational time/cost can be achieved. While the DSMC has been exercised in a variety of granular systems, its implementation to granular damping analysis poses unique challenges. In this research, we develop a new method that enables the coupled analysis of the stochastic granular motion and the structural vibration. The complicated energy transfer and dissipation due to the collisions between the granules and the host structure and among the granules is directly and accurately incorporated into the analysis, which is essential to damping evaluation. Also, the effects of granular packing ratio and the excluded volume of granules, which may not be included in conventional DSMC method, are explicitly taken into account in the proposed approach. A series of numerical analyses are performed to highlight the accuracy and efficiency of the new approach. Using this new algorithm, we can carry out parametric analysis on granular damping to obtain guidelines for system optimization.

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morqenstern, E., and H. Patscheke. "THE SECRETORY PATHWAY IN PLATELETS STUDIED BY CRYO-FIXATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643491.

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It is widely held, that the constituents packed in the a -granules are released by stimulated platelets via the surface connected system (SCS). By means of the fast-freezing and freeze substitution technique (which allow the investigation of membrane fusion) we found a secretory pathway in platelets (compound exocytosis) without an involvement of the SCS during the release of a-granules. To study the process of a-granule secretion human platelets concentrated in citrated blood plasm were stimulated with thrombin or collagen. 20 - 120 seconds after stimulation the platelets were rapidly frozen with a metal-mirror attachment to the KF 80 cryofixation unit (REICHERT-JUNG). Using plastic spacers droplets of the PRP were slammed against a copper block at 80 K at a rate of 0.2 m/sec. After cryofixation the specimens were transferred (in liquid nitrogen) into a Cs-auto cryosubstitution unit (REICHERT-JUNG). Cryosubstitution was programmed for 48h at 193 K in acetone with 4% osmium tetroxide. The temperature went automatically up to room temperature at a rate of 10 K/h. The specimens were embedded in araldite. The analysis of serial ultrathin sections of platelets in different phases of exocytosis revealed the following. a -granules in apposition showed different stages of swelling and dispersal of their electron dense matrix. Membrane appositions were also found between a -granules. The contraction of a sphere of microfilaments and microtubules during stimulation seemed to support this process. On the other hand this internal contraction prevented most of the a-granules from contacting with the plasmalemma. We observed fusion between swollen -granules in apposition and the plasmalemma and swollen and unswollen a -granules. Thus, large compound granules were formed frequently before fusion of the secretory organelles with the plasmalemma took place. These observations suggested that a -granules in stimulated platelets performed a compound exocytosis after swelling. The process seemed to start with the apposition of a -granule membranes to the plasmalemma. It cannot yet be answered whether the swelling of the granules is due to an osmotically driven influx of water or due to an influx after microfusion.Supported by DFG, Grant Mo 124/2-4

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Fang, X., and J. Tang. "Analysis of Segregation Phenomenon in Granular Motion." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14443.

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Over the past decade, many studies have been carried out to investigate one of the unique phenomena in granular materials: vibration-induced segregation in granular mixture, i.e., under vertical vibration, larger granules rise to the top even without density difference with other granules. However, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not yet completely understood. In this study, the discrete element method (DEM) is used for the numerical analysis of the granular segregation in a vertically vibrating container. We systematically investigate the rising time of an intruder inside the granular mixture as a function of the granular size, density, depth, and the vibrating frequency and amplitude. Our studies show that the segregation phenomenon is caused by a variety of mechanisms within different vibration regimes. Under weak vibration, segregation is driven by the geometrical effect and inertia. Under moderate vibration, segregation can be enhanced dramatically with the occurrence of convection. Under strong vibration where the granular material becomes fluidized, the buoyancy or sinkage of granules prevails and segregation may be suppressed.

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Pedrycz, Witold, Wladyslaw Homenda, Agnieszka Jastrzebska, and Fusheng Yu. "Information Granules and Granular Models: Selected Design Investigations." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzz48607.2020.9177696.

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Reports on the topic "Granules"

Pe-Piper, G., D. J W Piper, J. Nagle, and P. Opra. Petrography of bedrock and ice-rafted granules: Flemish Cap, offshore Newfoundland and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331224.

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This Open File report provides petrographic information from a scanning electron microscope study of granules and small pebbles in four selected trawl samples from Flemish Cap. The mineral composition of the granules was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and textures are shown in backscattered electron images (BSE). It complements Open File 8359 on the heavy mineral assemblage on Flemish Cap. Granules on the central shoals appear to be derived from outcropping Avalonian basement; those to the east and west are predominantly ice-rafted in origin. These data improve our understanding of the source of the voluminous sands on Flemish Cap and the characteristics of the Avalonian basement rocks on southern Flemish Cap.

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Matyas, Josef, Glen E. Fryxell, and Matthew J. Robinson. Characterization of Dry-Air Aged Granules of Silver-Functionalized Silica Aerogel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1054852.

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Gonçalves, Rosembergue, Renato Junior, Pedro Neto, Roza Doubnik, Mark Adamowski, David Montanari, Ana Machado, et al. Technical Note CRYOFRABR#002/2021: Activated-copper-coated alumina granules synthesis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1827113.

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Hansen, E., E. Eric Frickey, and L. Leung Heung. DEVELOPMENT OF A FABRICATION PROCESS FOR SOL-GEL/METAL HYDRIDE COMPOSITE GRANULES. US: SRS, February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894730.

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Gianotti, Alan. Intestinal granules found in the parasitic nematodes Ancylostoma caninum, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5746.

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Wang, Jing, Xiaomin Wang, Xinyi Yang, Yayi Jiang, Wenwen Zhao, and Rensong Yue. Mudan Granules Adjuvant Treatment for Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0015.

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Liu, Yongcheng. Efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao granules for the treatment of essential hypertension: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0015.

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Li, Ting, Mingchen Yu, Fenglei Sun, Lin Shi, Feng Dong, and Xiang Ji. Efficacy of comparisons of different Chinese herbal granules(CHGs) for the treatment for essential hypertension: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0095.

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Zeng, Shaoqian, Yefang Liu, Cen Jiang, Baixue Li, Li Wen, and Quansheng Feng. Clinical efficacy and safety of Ganshuang granules as an adjuvant treatment for chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.9.0027.

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Netid, Mihai. APPARATUS, SYSTEM, METHOD AND ASSOCIATED TECHNOLOGIES OF IN-LINE VORTEX MIXING OF MINI - GRANULES WITH HOMOGENIZED HEAVY OIL OR RESIN OR BITUMEN, MAINLY IN THE PREPARATION OF THE ASPHALT MIX. Intellectual Archive, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2070.

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