Relevant bibliographies by topics / Granulation

Academic literature on the topic 'Granulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Granulation"

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Kusuma, Maria Asel Pranoto, Feni Mutiara Lasniroha Sagala, Tutuk Djoko Kusworo, and Satrio Dwi Laksono. "Performance Evaluation of Rotary Dryer and Granulator in NPK Steam Granulation Plant Production Department of IIB PT Petrokimia Gresik." Jurnal Global Ilmiah 1, no. 5 (February 3, 2024): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/jgi.v1i5.44.

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PT. Petrokimia Gresik, a subsidiary of Indonesian fertilizer company PT. Indonesian Fertilizer, has three main plants: Production I, II, and III. Production IIB consists of production units Phonska IV, NPK Granulation II, III, and IV and ZK. Granulated NPK II Fertilizer is a processing unit that meets quality standards. The process involves feeding raw materials, preparing slurries, granulating, drying, screening, cooling, and screening. Supporting materials include powder coating, oil coating, and pigment. The granulation stage is crucial, where raw materials are agglomerated. The NPK Granulation Department of IIB uses various equipment, including a rotary dryer with a thermal efficiency of 79.997%. The total mass balance for the granulator, dryer, cooler, screen, and coater in NPK Granulation II for 15-15-15 fertilizer formula is 1058,096 tons/day.
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TAKEBAYASHI, Kei H. "Granulation and Granulator." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 66, no. 6 (1993): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.66.361.

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3

Ławińska, Katarzyna, Remigiusz Modrzewski, and Andrzej Obraniak. "Comparison of Granulation Methods for Tannery Shavings." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 5(143) (October 31, 2020): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2396.

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The work presents a comparison of methods of granulating waste – tannery shavings – from the leather industry. This waste is often used for the production of leather composites, but it creates a number of problems in transport and storage. It seems that granulation of this waste together with mineral additives needed in their further processing is a solution. However, the traditional method of granulation involving the gradual moistening of a loose deposit on a moving surface of the granulator does not give the desired results for the granulation of material with such unusual physical properties. Therefore, new methods have been proposed to eliminate the disadvantages and limitations of traditional granulation. The methods proposed differ in the way the binder liquid and mineral material are applied. They consist in soaking the shavings with binding liquid beforehand, removing excess liquid, and then granulating the wet pulp with the addition of selected fine-grained mineral material. Analysis of the results was based on a comparison of the granulometric compositions and compressive strength of the agglomerates obtained.
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Leszczuk, Tomasz. "Evaluation of the Fertilizer Granules Strength Obtained from Plate Granulation with Different Angle of Granulation Blade." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2014-0025.

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Abstract The goal of the paper was to assess the strength of the fertilizer granules obtained by non-pressure granulation method. The granulation process was carried out in plate granulator, according to the three-level experiment plan. A mixture of raw materials prepared in a Polish factory of agrochemicals for agriculture and horticulture was used as a study material and water was used as a wetting liquid. Granulator design parameters and process parameters were treated as entrance sizes of the experiment. Three different angles of granulation blade were used in experiments. This paper presents: the results of study of equivalent diameter size and the impact of changes in the angle of granulating blade on the strength of obtained granulate. Pfost apparatus and a set of sieves used in granulometric sieve were utilized in this study. A relation was suggested P∞ = f(α, ϰ, n, ww, t). The results were presented in the form of graphs and tables. Conclusions were presented.
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Nadhem, Al-Khyatt Muhamad, Vsevolod Sklabinskyi, Ruslan Ostroha, Maksym Skydanenko, Mykola Yukhymenko, Jozef Bocko, Denys Ostroha, Dmitry Zabitsky, Oleksii Moskalchuk, and Andrii Serhiienko. "Study of temperature changes in mineral fertiliser granules after contact with air in a granulation tower." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 3(72) (August 31, 2023): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286693.

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The object of research is the process of granulation of nitrogen mineral fertilizers by the method of sprinkling. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of certainty regarding the dynamics of the temperature change of the granule when it is cooled by air in the granulation tower. The paper considers the process of urea granulation using a rotating vibrating granulator. The scheme of the rotating vibrating granulator as part of the experimental stand for granulating liquid urea is presented, the method of conducting experimental studies and the design parameters of the granulator are described. It is indicated that in the process of experimental research, the temperatures of the melt, granules and cooling air were recorded. It is emphasized that the contact of the cooling air with the flow of hot granules leads to a constant increase in air temperature due to the heat transferred from the granules, which makes it necessary to determine the final temperature of the air leaving the granulation tower. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed and calculation equations were obtained to determine the temperature of the air in contact with the surface of the pellet and the temperature profile inside the pellet. Numerical calculations of the calculation equations made it possible to obtain temperature profiles of the granule along its radius. It is emphasized that the theoretically obtained temperature profile cannot be an accurate indicator of the real temperature of the pellet when it falls in the granulation tower. Analysis of the calculated results shows that the temperature of the granules in the lower part of the granulation tower is 60–62 °C. This temperature corresponds to the practically confirmed final temperature of the granule, which was measured on the experimental stand.
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Rodrigues, Laís Maia, Ricardo Francisco Pires, and Davi Leonardo de Souza. "Study of Granulated Gypsum Hardness Coming from the Granulation Process in Rotating Disk." Materials Science Forum 899 (July 2017): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.160.

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The granulation process is a unit operation with broad application in the fertilizer industry. The granular fertilizer has a better physical appearance, facility of agricultural application and elimination of fugitive dust in the production and bagging units. Phosphogypsum is a residue from the production of phosphate fertilizers. It known that for every 1 t of phosphate fertilizer produced, about 4 t of phosphogypsum are obtained, causing problems in storage and risks to the environment. Such problems may be minimized by granulating the waste phosphogypsum and using it in agriculture. This work aims at the construction of a laboratory-scale rotating disk granulator with a pre-established combination of reagents to promote granulation of the waste from phosphate fertilizer production. For construction of the equipment a theoretical study was performed in order to establish the principal variables influencing the granulation technique and the dimensions required for building the granulator. The equipment attained the expected results and the disc speed (22 to 250 rpm) and disc inclination (0 to 90 degrees) can be manipulated. In this paper three binders used were: Manioc starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), each at three different concentrations. The tests were conducted using a rotating disk granulator and hardness tests on a universal mechanical testing machine. The figures of merit used in this study were percentage particle size, hardness and sphericity of the granules obtained. With the analysis of the data, it can be concluded that the granulation process was adequate, considering the settings employed.
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Upton, Margaret L., and Roy O. Weller. "The morphology of cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathways in human arachnoid granulations." Journal of Neurosurgery 63, no. 6 (December 1985): 867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.6.0867.

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✓ Arachnoid granulations and villi from 23 brains from subjects aged 9 to 84 years were examined post mortem by serial sections with the light microscope and as whole or fractured preparations in the scanning electron microscope. The object of the study was to investigate the pathways within the arachnoid granulations by which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains from the subarachnoid space to the sinus endothelium. At the base of each granulation, a thin neck of arachnoid projects through an aperture in the dural lining of the sinus and expands to form a core of collagenous trabeculae and interwoven channels. An apical cap of arachnoid cells, about 150 µm thick, surmounts the collagenous core, and channels extend through the cap to reach subendothelial regions of the granulation. Channels within the granulation are lined by compacted collagen and may contain macrophages. Following recent subarachnoid hemorrhage, erythrocytes are found in the channels, suggesting that the channels are in continuity with the subarachnoid space and are CSF drainage pathways. The cap region of the granulation is only attached to the endothelium over an area 300 µm in diameter; the rest of the granulation core is separated from the endothelium by a subdural space and a fibrous dural cupola. Scanning electron microscopy reveals an intact endothelial surface to the granulations with small perforating venous channels present on the apex of some granulations. The differences between human arachnoid granulations and arachnoid villi in animals are discussed, together with preliminary observations regarding the transition of villi into granulations in man.
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Handayani, Dian Purnami, Wahyudi Budi Sediawan, Daniel Timotius, and Mitha Puspitasari. "Distribusi Ukuran Granul dari Tepung Singkong dengan Tepung Tapioka sebagai Pengikat pada Rotary Drum Granulator." Eksergi 20, no. 2 (July 3, 2023): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/e.v20i2.9170.

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Granulation is a process of monoparticle attachment with a particular mechanism to form a bigger and compact particle which is called granule. Granulation application has been used on many industries like pharmacy and agriculture industries. Research about granulation has been done continuously to get predictive models for various cases. The model which is only applicable to the specific material used in this research is expected to be useful to optimize the perfomances of the granulator in the industries. This research aims to develop the kinetics model of granule size distribution of cassava flour and its connection to granulation time by varying the mass of tapioca starch as the binder in rotary drum granulator. 2 grams of Cassava flour and tapioca starch were mixed in the rotary drum granulator and then water was sprayed during the granulation process. The duration of granulation were 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes. The variations of mass of the binder used in this research were 1, 1,5, and 2 gram. The granules were dried in the oven at 80°C until 30 minutes, and afterwards the granules were screened through various screen layers with different mesh size. The results of this research show that binder mass variations do not influence the layering rate of granule, and the increase of binder mass will decrease the birth rate.
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Dhari Jawad, Alaa, Ibrahim Richeh, and Ahmed Saleh. "DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMUM OPERATING CONDITIONS IN THE GRANULATION OF GAMMA ALUMINA CATALYST SUPPORT." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 11, no. 4 (December 30, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2010.4.1.

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Granulation Technique for Gamma Alumina Catalyst Support was employed in inclined disk granulator (IDG), rotary drum granulator (RD) and extrusion – spheronization equipments .Product with wide size range can be produced with only few parameters like rpm of equipment, ratio of binder and angle of inclination. The investigation was conducted for determination the optimum operating conditions in the three above different granulation equipments.Results reveal that the optimum operating conditions to get maximum granulation occurred at ( speed: 31rpm , Inclination:420 , binder ratio:225,300% ) for the IDG,( speed: 68rpm , Inclination: 12.50 , binder ratio: 300% ) for the RD and ( speed:1200rpm , time of rotation: 1-2min )for the Caleva spheronizer used in the extrusion spheronization method. These results are compatible with similar works on granulation of different materials [1, 2, and 3].
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Ren, Yi, Zehao Zhang, Biwei Jiang, Igor Soszyński, and Tharindu Jayasinghe. "Granulation in Red Supergiants: The Scaling Relations." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 18, S376 (December 2022): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921323003319.

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AbstractThe evolution of granulation is an important mechanism of the light variations of red supergiants (RSGs). Based on pure and complete samples of RSGs in the Magellanic Clouds, the mechanisms and characteristics of the granulation of RSGs are investigated based on time-series data. As predicted by the basic physical process of granulation and previous works, there are tight relations between granulation and stellar parameters of RSGs (i.e., the scaling relations). The scaling relations of RSGs provide a new method to infer stellar parameters by using the characteristic timescale and amplitude of granulations. Some faint sources deviate from the scaling relations, which may be due to the difference in the properties of the granulation of the RSGs before and after the blue loop or contamination by Mira variables. However, both of these possibilities suggest that the scaling relations of granulation is different among different types of stars.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Granulation"

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Lee, Kai Teck. "Continuous granulation of pharmaceutical powder using a twin screw granulator." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4002/.

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Twin screw extruder (TSE) has been studied extensively as a granulator because it allows continuous processing. Initial work was carried out by comparing the TSE with conventional granulator shows that the mechanism of TSE granulation is different from conventional granulation with the absence of the consolidation stage. PEPT was also utilised and it reveals that the flow stream of the material is not only due to the conveying capacity but also the granulator fill, in particularly for the 90o mixing zone which is believed to be a dispersion type of mechanism driven by the granulator fill gradient. Residence time distribution was measured and simulated by fitting the experimental data using a continuous stirred tank reactors model. The model describes the experimental curves reasonably well when a plug flow fraction was considered. Generally the mean residence time (MRT) of the system is proportional to the mixing zone angle and is inversely proportional to the screw speeds and flowrate. A study using the variance reduction ratio demonstrates that the TSE granulator used in the present study is able to remove the feed instability given that the ratio of the frequency of the input stream fluctuation to the MRT is high.
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Vialatte, Lilian. "Mécanismes de granulation : application à la granulation par agitation mécanique." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1097.

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Notre travail s'est fixé deux objectifs principaux, d'une part, de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de granulation, et d'autre part, de dégager la signature technologique du mélangeur rapide. L'outil de granulation choisi est un mélangeur à taux de cisaillement élevé Lödige d'échelle laboratoire. Plusieurs systèmes poudre-liant ont été étudiés : deux granulométries d'une même poudre, une alumine SH100 et une alumine SH30, et divers liquides : eau, solutions aqueuses de polyéthyléneglycol, et une solution aqueuse d'un alcool polyvinylique. Nous avons mis en évidence un profil de granulation à 3 "régimes" en phase de pulvérisation quels que soient la nature du couple poudre-liant et les actionneurs du procédé utilisés. L'établissement et la généralisation de tels régimes sont des résultats remarquables. L'effet de la nature du couple poudre-liant et des actionneurs sur le profil de granulation a en effet permis de rendre compte des phénomènes fondamentaux qui gouvernent la granulation. L'existence de régimes de granulation traduit que chaque régime est associé à des mécanismes de granulation différents. Après nucléation des particules primaires (régime 0) apparaît un premier régime dans lequel il n'y a plus création de nouvelles espèces granulées. L'historique de la poudre pendant le premier régime est le résultat d'un équilibre entre des mécanismes qui créent des fines (mécanismes de désagglomération) et un mécanisme qui "consomme" des fines (mécanismes de collage des plus fines particules et des plus petits agglomérats). Les phénomènes qui gouvernent la transition entre le premier et le second régime sont les mécanismes de densification des granulés et de migration du liant à la surface des granulés. Le mécanisme prépondérant dans le deuxième régime est le mécanisme d'enrobage aléatoire des fines sur les autres espèces. Enfin, lorsque les fines ont été entièrement consommées, un troisième régime apparaît dans lequel le mécanisme de croissance mis en jeu est le mécanisme de coalescence préférentielle des petits granulés sur les gros granulés.
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Braumann, Andreas. "Multidimensional modelling of granulation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609355.

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Yusof, Yus Aniza. "Rolling-mill granulation of powders." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424466.

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Scott, Alison Catherine. "Heterogeneity in high-shear granulation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621989.

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Chollet, Thierry. "Optimisation des rendements en granulation." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P077.

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Gaillard, Claude. "Gélatines, pouvoir liant et granulation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE18011.

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Склабінський, Всеволод Іванович, Всеволод Иванович Склабинский, Vsevolod Ivanovych Sklabinskyi, Максим Сергійович Скиданенко, Максим Сергеевич Скиданенко, Maksym Serhiiovych Skydanenko, Артем Євгенович Артюхов, Артем Евгеньевич Артюхов, and Artem Yevhenovych Artiukhov. "Підвищення ефективності отримання монодисперсних гранул." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/43421.

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На сьогоднішній день в хімічній промисловості для виробництва гранульованого продукту з розплавів активно використовуються обертові віброгранулятори. Але вони мають деякі недоліки: забивання отворів витікання при диспергуванні рідини з домішками, що спричиняє перетин траєкторії руху крапель та їх об’єднання, порушуючи гранулометричний склад продукту, вони не можуть працювати в широкому діапазоні навантажень по розплаву. У даній роботі розглянуто один із варіантів усунення зазначених недоліків, шляхом підвищення швидкості витікання рідини з отворів пристрою.
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Tan, Hong Sing. "Kinetics of fluidised bed melt granulation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419292.

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Ai, Qing. "Twin screw granulation : granule property optimisation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20916/.

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This thesis aims to design granule properties with narrower size distributions and controlled bulk strength through the optimisation of formulation parameters and processing parameters in twin screw granulation with a consideration of binder in solid and liquid forms, respectively. In this thesis, lactose (soluble) and microcrystalline cellulose (insoluble) were chosen as the objective powders. Hydroxypropyl cellulose was used as the main binding excipient. From a perspective of formulation development, a novel approach to predict the optimal L/S ratio for twin screw granulation was developed through the study of single drop behaviour, which reduces the waste from trial and error in formulation development process, in order to producing the granule with narrower size distribution. In addition, the solid binder particle size in formulation was studied. Through evaluating the binding capability of different sized HPC and sieved lactose, it was found that the solid binder with smaller particle size could achieve better binding capabilities which is important on granule size distribution and strength. Moreover, a new solid binder-micronized lactose was evaluated and examined for twin screw granulation. Due to its instant dissolution rate, it was proved to be excellent in binding capability and also leads to a produce of more uniformed granule for both materials. On the other hand, investigations from processing parameter to design the granule properties was also carried out. At first, granulation temperature, especially the liquid temperature was studied. It was found to be effective to enhance the binding capability of HPC in both forms. In addition, more uniformed granule for both material could be obtained when a high temperature applied, especially when HPC solution was used. In addition, process parameters including screw speed and configurations was studied with a constant materials mass in the barrel (Barrel loading, g). This study clarified the effect of process parameter especially screw speed on granule properties which is quite contradictory in the literature. It was found that similar to the use of kneading elements, the screw speed is quite important in narrowing granule size distribution and enhance granule strength especially when kneading elements were used.
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Books on the topic "Granulation"

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D, Salmon A., Hounslow M. J, and Seville J. P. K, eds. Granulation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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Makarenkov, Dmitriy, and Vyacheslav Nazarov. Technique and technology of granulation of multicomponent polydisperse materials using combined processes of their preparation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1873862.

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The monograph examines the theoretical foundations and practice of granulating multicomponent polydisperse waste in various hardware design. Methods of structuring multicomponent polydisperse materials have been developed, the role of technological additives and mechanical activation processes has been revealed, which allows reducing energy consumption in granulation processes. Physical models of compaction of multicomponent polydisperse materials in granulating equipment with deformation foci of various shapes are proposed. The system analysis of chemical and technological processes of granulation of multicomponent polydisperse materials on roller presses, on rotary granulators and pelletizing granulators of the poppet type and high-speed apparatuses is carried out. Engineering methods for calculating the power parameters of multicomponent charges in various types of granulating equipment with the production of target products of various shapes are given. It is designed for students, postgraduates and researchers of chemical-technological and polytechnic universities, as well as engineering and technical workers of various industries.
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Rutten, Robert J., and Giuseppe Severino, eds. Solar and Stellar Granulation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0911-3.

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L, Kadam Kiran, ed. Granulation technology for bioproducts. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Osservatorio astronomico di Capodimonte. International Workshop. Solar and stellar granulation. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Tay, Joo-Hwa. Molecular mechanism of granulation. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000.

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Rutten, Robert J. Solar and Stellar Granulation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989.

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Parikh, Dilip M., ed. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology. 4th ed. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021. | Series: Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429320057.

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1945-, Parikh Dilip M., ed. Handbook of pharmaceutical granulation technology. New York: Dekker, 1997.

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1945-, Parikh Dilip M., ed. Handbook of pharmaceutical granulation technology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Granulation"

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Blauer, Ettagale. "Granulation." In Contemporary American Jewelry Design, 135–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4854-3_8.

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Lauterborn, Werner, Thomas Kurz, and Martin Wiesenfeldt. "Granulation." In Kohärente Optik, 75–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78264-0_6.

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Murase, Kazuo, and Isao Sekiguchi. "Granulation." In Powder Technology Handbook, 417–27. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2020.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22268-52.

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Hout, Sam A. "Granulation." In Manufacturing of Quality Oral Drug Products, 5–8. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003224716-2.

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Muller, R. "Abnormal Granulation." In Solar and Stellar Granulation, 365. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0911-3_43.

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Baum, H. "Granulation, toxische." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_1318-1.

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Baum, H. "Granulation, toxische." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1018. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_1318.

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Polkowski, Lech, and Piotr Artiemjew. "Layered Granulation." In Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 221–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12880-1_6.

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Litster, Jim, and Bryan Ennis. "Tumbling Granulation." In Particle Technology Series, 179–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0546-2_8.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Granulation Tissue." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 896. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13859.

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Conference papers on the topic "Granulation"

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Mendyka, Pawel. "MODELING OF GRANULATION PROCESS IN PLATE GRANULATOR USING DEM." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/11/s04.117.

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Manunya Phanphanich and Sudhagar Mani. "Biomass Granulation - A Review." In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28838.

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"A binder additional process in urea granule fertilizer by using adaptive fuzzy logic control." In Sustainable Processes and Clean Energy Transition. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902516-44.

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Abstract. This paper presents the effect of binder feed rate addition towards ammonia gas released during urea granulation process. The binder feed rate as manipulated variable with few other constant parameters such as pressure and temperature of fluidized bed granulator. These parameters, binder flow rate and NH3 emission were used to indicate the function ability of the designated fuzzy logic. The performance index of this study is then defined with percentage error from experimental value and actual value. An adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is proposed to control the system conditions closed to the reference values. As binder flow rate increases the higher is the emission of NH3. The average of error percentage for whole project was 6.91%. The highest and lowest error in percentages are 81.5 and 0 respectively. The result shows that the proposed method can be efficiently implemented in the real-time determination and control of optimal conditions for granulation processes with efficient energy and to minimize the amount of ammonia gas (NH3) release to the environment.
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Rahmanian, Nejat, and Nur Fardina Bt Abdul Ghani. "An Investigation on Process of Seeded Granulation in a Continuous Granulator using DEM." In 5th Asian Particle Technology Symposium. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-2518-1_380.

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Pedrycz, W., A. V. Vasilakos, and A. Gacek. "Information granulation for concept formation." In the 2000 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/335603.335922.

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Peytchev, Evtim, and Ismail Kuchukdurgut. "Collaborative Wireless Information Granulation Architecture." In 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (AMS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ams.2008.126.

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Yao, J. T. "Information granulation and granular relationships." In 2005 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/grc.2005.1547296.

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Zhang, Mingxin, Keqiang Dong, and Fusheng Yu. "Fuzzy granulation of interval numbers." In 2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2011.6019540.

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Junyun Wu. "Knowledge granulation in incomplete information systems." In 2011 International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization (ICSEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icssem.2011.6081206.

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Hashemi, R. R., S. De Agostino, B. Westgeest, and J. R. Talburt. "Data granulation and formal concept analysis." In IEEE Annual Meeting of the Fuzzy Information, 2004. Processing NAFIPS '04. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips.2004.1336253.

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Reports on the topic "Granulation"

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Herman, C. C. Summary of Granulation Matrix Testing for the Plutonium Immobilization Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/787830.

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Xu, ke, Guofeng Cai, Yanan Cui, Ziyin Gao, and Manchao Sun. The Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ pressure ulcers. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.4.0033.

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Review question / Objective: The subjects were patients who met the diagnostic criteria for stage II - IV pressure ulcers.Interventional factors include various acupuncture treatments, including ordinary acupuncture, peripheral acupuncture, electroacupuncture or fire acupuncture. The course of treatment is more than 10 days.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine for more than 1 days.The main results included the time of complete healing, the time of granulation growth, and percentage of ulcer healed (PUHTP) in the trial period.The main results included the complete healing time, granulation growth time and percentage of ulcer healing (PUHTP), and the total effective rate and average healing time were calculated.The type of study was a randomized controlled trial.
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Gould, T. H., and G. Armantrout. Granulator Selection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15004780.

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Joerger, Adam, Matthew Blair, Micah Palmer, Michael Johnson, Michael Taylor, Joseph R. Vanstrom, and Jacek A. Koziel. Reducing Sound Levels of Granulator at ORBIS Corporation. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/tsm416-180814-28.

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Laxmi Prasanna, Porandla, B. Anil kumar, and Macha Sahithi. A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE TEAR FILM CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH PTERYGIUM. World Wide Journals, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/3408221.

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Introduction: Pterygium is a degenerative condition of the subconjunctival tissues which proliferate as vascularized granulation tissue to invade the cornea, destroying the supercial layers of the stroma and bowmans membrane, the whole being covered by conjunctival epithelium.The tear lm consists of three layers, the most supercial layer of tear lm is lipid layer produced by meibomian glands. The middle layer is the aqueous layer produced by the main lacrimal gland as well as accessory lacrimal glands of Krause and Wolfring. Aqueous layer constitutes over 90% of the tear lm. The layer closest to the cornea is the mucin layer produced by conjunctival goblet cells. Tear function abnormalities have been proposed as an etiologic factor for pterygium due to observation that a pterygium is exacerbated by dryness and dellen formation. Whether tear dysfunction is a precursor to pterygium growth or pterygium causes tear dysfunction is still not clear. The present study was taken up to study the tear lm changes in patients presenting with pterygium. Materials and methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences from Jan 2021- July 2022. 75 patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The eye with pterygium was considered as case and the normal eye of the same patient was considered as controls. The data was recorded for 150 eyes. All patients underwent visual acuity assessment, a detailed slit-lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy to rule out adnexal, anterior segment and posterior segment diseases. Patients were evaluated for tear lm changes using Schirmer's test(with anesthesia),Tear lm breakup time and Tear lm meniscus height. The mean age of the study population was 34.7±4.98 years, with 56% of ma Results: les and 44% of females. Pterygium was present in right eye in 73.33% (n=55) cases and 26.66% (n=20) had it in the left eye. All were on the nasal conjunctiva. Schirmer's test was signicantly lower in eyes with pterygium with P value of <0.001. Tear Film Break Up time and Tear Film meniscus height was signicantly lesser in the eyes with pterygium with P=<0.001. From the present study, we ca Conclusion: n suggest that unstable tear lm is found to a greater extent in eyes with pterygium than in eyes without pterygium. Pterygium is one of the most common ocular surface disorders which results in instability of tear lm indices and thus lead to dysfunctional tear lm and development of dry eye.
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Thomson, Scott. A prospective, randomised controlled trial to determine the safety and efficacy of steroid impregnated tape compared to standard therapy with silver nitrate in the treatment of over-granulating peritoneal dialysis catheter exit sites. National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.1115184.1.

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