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Zeilstra, Christiaan. "Granular dynamics in vibrated beds." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2007. http://doc.utwente.nl/57836.
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Higgins, Anthony. "The dynamics of granular materials." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259539.
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Isert, Nathan. "Dynamics of levitated granular materials." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-27683.
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Laufer, Michael Robert. "Granular Dynamics in Pebble Bed Reactor Cores." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3593891.
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This study focused on developing a better understanding of granular dynamics in pebble bed reactor cores through experimental work and computer simulations. The work completed includes analysis of pebble motion data from three scaled experiments based on the annular core of the Pebble Bed Fluoride Salt-Cooled High- Temperature Reactor (PB-FHR). The experiments are accompanied by the development of a new discrete element simulation code, GRECO, which is designed to offer a simple user interface and simplified two-dimensional system that can be used for iterative purposes in the preliminary phases of core design. The results of this study are focused on the PB-FHR, but can easily be extended for gas-cooled reactor designs.
Experimental results are presented for three Pebble Recirculation Experiments (PREX). PREX 2 and 3.0 are conventional gravity-dominated granular systems based on the annular PB-FHR core design for a 900 MWth commercial prototype plant and a 16 MWth test reactor, respectively. Detailed results are presented for the pebble velocity field, mixing at the radial zone interfaces, and pebble residence times. A new Monte Carlo algorithm was developed to study the residence time distributions of pebbles in different radial zones. These dry experiments demonstrated the basic viability of radial pebble zoning in cores with diverging geometry before pebbles reach the active core.
Results are also presented from PREX 3.1, a scaled facility that uses simulant materials to evaluate the impact of coupled fluid drag forces on the granular dynamics in the PB-FHR core. PREX 3.1 was used to collect first of a kind pebble motion data in a multidimensional porous media flow field. Pebble motion data were collected for a range of axial and cross fluid flow configurations where the drag forces range from half the buoyancy force up to ten times greater than the buoyancy force. Detailed analysis is presented for the pebble velocity field, mixing behavior, and residence time distributions for each fluid flow configuration.
The axial flow configurations in PREX 3.1 showed small changes in pebble motion compared to a reference case with no fluid flow and showed similar overall behavior to PREX 3.0. This suggests that dry experiments can be used for core designs with uniform one-dimensional coolant flow early in the design process at greatly reduced cost. Significant differences in pebble residence times were observed in the cross fluid flow configurations, but these were not accompanied by an overall horizontal diffusion bias. Radial zones showed only a small shift in position due to mixing in the diverging region and remained stable in the active core. The results from this study support the overall viability of the annular PB-FHR core by demonstrating consistent granular flow behavior in the presence of complex reflector geometries and multidimensional fluid flow fields.
GRECO simulations were performed for each of the experiments in this study in order to develop a preliminary validation basis and to understand for which applications the code can provide useful analysis. Overall, the GRECO simulation results showed excellent agreement with the gravity-dominated PREX experiments. Local velocity errors were found to be generally within 10-15% of the experimental data. Average radial zone interface positions were predicted within two pebble diameters. GRECO simulations over predicted the amount of mixing around the average radial zone interface position and therefore can be treated as a conservative upper bound when used in neutronics analysis. Residence time distributions from the GRECO velocity data based on the Monte Carlo algorithm closely matched those derived from the experiment velocity statistics. GRECO simulation results for PREX 3.1 with coupled drag forces showed larger errors compared to the experimental data, particularly in the cases with cross fluid flow. The large discrepancies suggest that GRECO results in systems with coupled fluid drag forces cannot be used with high confidence at this point and future development work on coupled pebble and fluid dynamics with multidimensional fluid flow fields is required.
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Sanders, Duncan Alexander. "Intruder particle dynamics in vibrated granular beds." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432036.
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Zheng, Li-Yang. "Granular monolayers : wave dynamics and topological properties." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1035/document.
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Les cristaux granulaires sont des structures périodiques de particules disposées en réseau cristallin. Les interactions entre ces billes peuvent être modélisées par leurs contacts, qui ont des dimensions et des masses effectives beaucoup plus petites que celles des billes. Ceci induit une propagation d'ondes élastiques dans les structures granulaires avec des vitesses significativement plus lentes que dans le matériau des grains individuels. En outre, en raison de forces de cisaillement non centrales, les rotations de particules peuvent être initiées, conduisant à des modes de phononiques supplémentaires dans ces cristaux. Dans ce manuscrit, on étudie la propagation d’ondes dans les cristaux granulaires monocouche bidimensionnels avec un mouvement des particules hors-plan ou dans le plan. Les propriétés phononiques sont étudiées, y compris les points de Dirac, les modes de fréquence nulle, les modes à vitesse de groupe nulle et leur transformation en modes de propagation lente. En outre, en présence de bords, on peut prévoir également des ondes de bord élastiques à fréquence nulle et extrêmement lentes dans des cristaux granulaires en « nid d'abeille » (graphène granulaire). En outre, les propriétés topologiques des ondes de bord rotationelles-transverses dans un graphène granulaire sont théoriquement démontrées. En induisant une transition topologique, qui transforme l'ordre topologique du graphène granulaire de trivial en non trivial, on peut observer le transport de bord topologique dans le graphène granulaire. Les théories développées pourraient mener potentiellement à des applications sur le contrôle des ondes élastiques par des structures granulairesGranular crystals are spatially periodic structures of elastic particles arranged in crystal lattices. The interactions between particles take place via their elastic interconnections, which are of much smaller dimensions and weights than the beads. This induces propagation of elastic waves in granular structures at significantly slower velocities than in the individual grains. In addition, due to the existence of non-central shear forces, rotations of particles can be initiated, leading to extra phononic modes in the crystals. In the manuscript, wave dynamics in two-dimensional monolayer granular crystals with either out-of-plane or in-plane particle motion is studied. The phononic properties are investigated, including Dirac points, zero-frequency modes, zero-group-velocity modes and their transformation into slow propagating phononic modes. Furthermore, in the presence of edges/boundaries, zero-frequency and extremely slow elastic edge waves can be also predicted in mechanical granular honeycomb crystals (granular graphene). In addition, topological properties of rotational edge waves in a granular graphene are theoretically demonstrated. By inducing topological transition, which turns the topological order of granular graphene from trivial to nontrivial, topological edge transport in the granular graphene can be observed. The developed theories could promote the potential applications of designed granular structures with novel elastic wave propagation properties
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Hoomans, Bob Petrus Bernardus. "Granular dynamics of gas-solid two-phase flows." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2000. http://doc.utwente.nl/9461.
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SIGAUD, LUCAS MAURICIO. "STUDIES ON THE DYNAMICS OF DENSE GRANULAR SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15153@1.
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FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROMateriais granulares, por sua enorme gama de aplicaçõesindustriais (da indústria alimentícia à astrofísica), vêm sendo cada vez mais estudados durante as últimas duas décadas. No entanto, muito da descrição física inerente ao comportamento deste tipo de material ainda elude os cientistas, tornando este um campo particularmente rico de investigação. Dentre as questões insolutas, estão algumas de crescente interesse, como os mecanismos de fluxo e transporte de grãos, que descrevem fenômenos como a difusão correlacionada e a formação de bandas de cisalhamento, por exemplo. Através de modelos fenomenológicos e matemáticos, este trabalho visa melhorar a compreensão destes fenômenos e dos mecanismos por trás deles, em especial a participação fundamental dos arcos de forças formados pelos grãos. Através de um modelo fenomenológico razoavelmente simples e de simulações computacionais, o papel dos arcos fica evidente ao se observar, nas simulações, o comportamento característico da formação de bandas de cisalhamento, reproduzindo resultados experimentais e previsões de modelos teóricos encontrados na literatura. Concomitantemente, foi desenvolvido um modelo matemático teórico para se descrever a difusão correlacionada de grãos, fenômeno que acreditamos estar baseado no mesmo princípio de transporte através dos arcos, reproduzindo o comportamento qualitativo de simulações computacionais.
Granular materials, due to their huge amount of industrial applications (from food industry to astrophysics), have been the object of an increasing number of studies throughout the last couple of decades. Much of the physical description concerning the behaviour of this kind of material, however, still eludes scientists, turning this field of research into a particularly rich one. Among the unsolved questions in this area there are some of growing interest, such as the mechanisms of grains transport and flux, which describe phenomena like correlated diffusion and the formation of shear bands, for example. By means of phenomenological and mathematical models, this work tries to improve the understanding of these phenomena and the mechanisms behind them, particularly the fundamental role of arches of forces created by the grains. Using a relatively simple phenomenological model and computer simulations, the role of arches becomes evident when it is observed, in the simulations, the characteristic behaviour of shear bands formation, reproducing experimental results and the predictions of theoretical models found in the literature. Simultaneously, a theoretical mathematical model was developed to describe granular correlated diffusion, a phenomenon we believe is based on the same principle of transportation by means of arches, reproducing the qualitative behaviour of computer simulations.
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Wang, Da. "Accelerated granular matter simulation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110164.
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Modeling and simulation of granular matter has important applications in both natural science and industry. One widely used method is the discrete element method (DEM). It can be used for simulating granular matter in the gaseous, liquid as well as solid regime whereas alternative methods are in general applicable to only one. Discrete element analysis of large systems is, however, limited by long computational time. A number of solutions to radically improve the computational efficiency of DEM simulations are developed and analysed. These include treating the material as a nonsmooth dynamical system and methods for reducing the computational effort for solving the complementarity problem that arise from implicit treatment of the contact laws. This allow for large time-step integration and ultimately more and faster simulation studies or analysis of more complex systems. Acceleration methods that can reduce the computational complexity and degrees of freedom have been invented. These solutions are investigated in numerical experiments, validated using experimental data and applied for design exploration of iron ore pelletising systems.This work has been generously supported by Algoryx Simulation, LKAB (dnr 223-
2442-09), Umeå University and VINNOVA (2014-01901).
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Holladay, Seth R. "Optimized Simulation of Granular Materials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3856.
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Visual effects for film and animation often require simulated granular materials, such as sand, wheat, or dirt, to meet a director's needs. Simulating granular materials can be time consuming, in both computation and labor, as these particulate materials have complex behavior and an enormous amount of small-scale detail. Furthermore, a single cubic meter of granular material, where each grain is a cubic millimeter, would contain a billion granules, and simulating all such interacting granules would take an impractical amount of time for productions. This calls for a simplified model for granular materials that retains high surface detail and granular behavior yet requires significantly less computational time. Our proposed method simulates a minimal number of individual granules while retaining particulate detail on the surface by supporting surface particles with simplified interior granular models. We introduce a multi-state model where, depending on the material state of the interior granules, we replace interior granules with a simplified simulation model for the state they are in and automate the transitions between those states. The majority of simulation time can thus be focused on visible portions of the material, reducing the time spent on non-visible portions, while maintaining the appearance and behavior of the mass as a whole.
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Renaut, Nathalie. "Granular dynamics simulations of wind-driven, broken ice fields." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23445.
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A numerical model is being developed for ice forecasting which is based on a granular dynamics approach. This model is intended to analyse the movements of broken ice fields at the mesoscale; i.e. for length scales of the order of 100 km and time scales of the order of a few days. It will therefore be useful for navigation, for the operation of offshore drilling platforms and for commercial fishing. At the mesoscale, the forces governing the motion of ice floes are wind drag, water drag, Coriolis force and the contact forces arising from internal collisions. Expressions are developed to evaluate in the most accurate manner the drag exerted by the water and by the wind on individual ice floes by considering non-linear effects. The second aspect of the present work is to modify the inter-particle contacts such that their tangential contribution involves elastic deformation of the ice floes. The effects of an incrementally slipping friction force model are studied for a system where the conditions vary from a quasi-static to a rapid flow regime. Under these circumstances the model is found to adequately reproduce the behaviour of small scale laboratory experiments using aluminum cylinders. Computations performed with tangentially rigid particles yield a system which is very unstable in its behaviour. The analysis of the macroscopic variables, made in order to determine how a broken ice field is affected by the shearing effects of the particles, shows that for a rapidly flowing field the elastic contribution to the contact shear force is minor, if not negligible, when one considers long time averages or instantaneous values. It appears from these investigations that attention must be paid to the problem of ice floes flowing under quasi-static or transitional conditions.
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Sun, Yi. "On efficiency of multibody approach in granular dynamics simulations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq20898.pdf.
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Rambach, Paul. "Granular chains, an alternative to study confined polymer dynamics." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS015.
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La dynamique des chaines est encore de nos jours une question ouverte en physique des polymères, tout particulièrement lorsque les interactions répulsives sont prises en compte. Néanmoins, répondre à cette question améliorerait nos connaissances sur la machinerie cellulaire. On peut penser, par exemple, au transport de l'ARN du noyau au cytoplasme ou encore à l'injection du matériel génétique de bactériophages dans les bactéries. Malheureusement, étudier ces polymères en situation confinée est aussi expérimentalement difficile que biologiquement pertinent. En dépit des récentes avancées en nanorhéologie et en simulation de dynamique moléculaire, concevoir des expériences reprenant les mêmes paramètres que rencontrés in vivo est proche de l'impossible. Les théories en place ne peuvent donc être contestées par l'expérience. Même le problème, simple en apparence, de la translocation est encore aujourd'hui âprement discuté. Nous proposons, pour sortir de l'impasse actuelle, d'utiliser un équivalent d'un polymère à l'échelle macroscopique : la chaine granulaire. Nous nous sommes tout d'abord intéressé à la structure interne d'un empilement de chaines granulaires, au repos, et nous proposons pour la comprendre d'adopter une analogie avec les polymères. Après quoi,nous introduisons, par le biais d'une excitation mécanique, de l'énergie dans notre système expérimental et nous montrons que c'est statistiquement analogue à l'équilibre thermique à l'échelle microscopique. Enfin, nous étudions la dynamique de chaines granulaires dans des géométries confinées et nous comparons nos résultats à ceux obtenus par simulation de dynamique moléculaire et ceux théoriquement attendusChains dynamics, specially when repulsive interactions come at play, remains an unsolved problem of polymer physics, although understanding this dynamics could improve our knowledge about crucial phenomena at the cellular level. For instance, the transport of RNA across the nuclear pore or the injection of viral DNA plasmid by bacteriophages into a bacteria. Alas, studying repulsive polymers in confined geometries is as experimentally difficult as it is biologically relevant. In spite of recent advances in « nanorheology », from the Brownian motion of local probes, or in computer simulation, designing experiments matching the biological parameters is near impossible. All this leads to unchallenged theoretical tools. Even the straightforward problem of polymer translocation remains lively debated. As a way out of this impasse, we propose to use granular chain as a macroscopic equivalent of a polymer. First we were interested in the internal structure of a stack of granular chains at rest and we rationalized it with polymer analogy. Then we added energy in our experimental system via mechanical excitations which appears to be analogous to the equilibration with a thermal bath. Finally we studied the dynamics of chains in specific confined geometries and compared it to both molecular dynamics simulation and theoretical tools
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Gravish, Nicholas Grey. "Collective dynamics of matter with granularity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47631.
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Granular materials are abundant in the natural and industrial environment. Typical granular materials are collections of inert, passive particles in which the constituent grains of the material are macroscopic; thus they fill space, are athermal, and interact through only local contact forces. This definition can be broadened to include non-inert particles as well-active particles-in which the grains of an active granular material possess an internal energy source which drives motion. Active granular materials are found in many areas of the biological world, from cattle stampedes and pedestrian traffic flow, to the subterranean world of ant colonies and their collective motion within the nest. We study the rheology and dynamics of inert granular material, and an active granular system of collections of fire-ants, which together we call matter with granularity. In both of these systems we observe bifurcations in the force and flow dynamics which results from confinement effects of the effectively rigid granular materials. In inert granular systems, the onset of flow among particles that are closely packed together causes them to dilate as particles must separate away from each other to accommodate flow. Dilation is a property unique to matter with granularity and other complex fluids in which particles interact locally and occupy space. We explore how dilation influences the inert granular system in situations of local and global forcing: drag of an immersed intruder and avalanche flow respectively. We next study collections of fire ants which also interact with each other locally through contact forces and exclude volume. We study the construction of, and locomotion within subterranean tunnels by groups of fire ants. We find that the traffic dynamics of ants within confined tunnels are significantly affected by tunnel diameter. Reducing tunnel diameter increases the formation of traffic jams due to the inability of ants to pass each other easily. However, we show that jamming within tunnels may have beneficial effects on subterranean locomotion. Individual ants jam there bodies against the walls of vertical tunnels to resist falling. From physics studies of fire ant mobility in confined spaces, we show that subterranean tunnel size has a significant effect on the stability and mobility of ants within these environments.
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Coetzee, C. J. (Cornelis Jacobus). "Forced granular flow." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51764.
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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main goal of the thesis is to validate the ability of discrete element methods (DEM) to predict forced granular flow. Granular flow occurs in a broad spectrum of industrial applications. The thesis focuses on earthmoving processes typical of the mining and agricultural industries. Existing soil mechanics soil-tool models are also investigated and general flow behaviour in and around blades and buckets are established. Soil mechanics theories are used to predict the draft forces on a flat blade moving through granular material. Com and wheat grains are used as material. The rupture (slip) lines in front of the blade are predicted by soil mechanics and compared to experimental results. A two-dimensional test bench is used to visualise the flow of the granular material. Forces and moments that act on the tools are measured. DEM can be used to model industrial granular flow with large displacements. Two types of earthmoving equipment are simulated. The first is a flat blade and the second is a bucket. The forces on these tools are determined using DEM and compared to experimental results. The ability of DEM to predict material compressibility, the flow of material in and around the tools, the rupture lines and the bucket fill rate are investigated. A particle relative displacement method is used to determine the rupture lines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoel van die tesis is om die vermoë van diskrete-element-metodes (DEM) om geforseerde partikelvloei te voorspel, te ondersoek. Partikelvloei word aangetref in 'n breë spektrum van industriële toepassings. Die tesis fokus op grondverskuiwing soos aangetref in myn- en landbouprosesse. Bestaande grondmeganika-modelle word ook ondersoek, asook die algemene gedrag van partikelvloei in en rondom lemme en bakke. Die grondmeganika-modelle word hoofsaaklik gebruik om die kragte op lemme te voorspel. Glip (skuif)-vlakke word ondersoek en vergelyk met eksperimentele resultate. 'n Twee-dimensionele toetsbank word gebruik om die vloei waar te neem. Die kragte en momente op die toerusting word ook gemeet. Mielie- en koringpitte word as materiaal gebruik. DEM kan gebruik word om industriële partikelvloei met groot verplasings te modelleer. Twee tipes toerusting word gesimuleer. Die eerste is 'n plat lem en die tweede 'n bak. Die kragte en momente op dié toerusting word bepaal m.b.V. DEM en dan vergelyk met die eksperimentele resultate. Die vermoë van DEM om materiaalsamedrukking, vloeipatrone, glipvlakke en bakvul-tempo's te voorspel word ondersoek. 'n Partikelrelatiewe- verplasings-metode word gebruik om die glipvlakke te voorspel.
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Lun, Cliff Ki Keung. "Kinetic theories of granular flow." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73989.
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Estep, Joseph Jeremiah. "Substrate effects from force chain dynamics in dense granular flows." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39583.
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Granular materials are composed of solid, discrete particles and exhibit mechanical behavior that differs from those of fluids and solids. The rheology of granular flows is principal to a suite of natural hazards. Laboratory experiments and numerical models have adequately reproduced several features observed in terrestrial gravity driven geophysical flows; however, quantitative comparison to field observations exposes a failure to explain the high mobility and duration of many of these flows. The ability of a granular material to resist deformation is a function of the force chain network inherent to the material. This investigation addresses the evolutionary character of force chains in unconfined, two-dimensional, gravity driven granular flows. Our particular emphasis concerns the effects of stress localization on the substrate by dynamic force chain evolution and the implications for bed erosion in dense granular flows. Experimental systems employing photoelastic techniques provide an avenue for quantitative force analysis via image processing and provide dataset that can be used validate discrete element modeling approaches. We show that force chains cause extreme bed force localization throughout dynamic granular systems in spatial and temporal space; and that these localized forces can propagate extensively into the substrate, even ahead of the flow front.
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Coetzee, Corne J. "The modelling of granular flow using the particle-in-cell method." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1334.
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Thesis (PhD (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.Granular flow occurs in a broad spectrum of industrial applications that range from separation and mixing in the pharmaceutical industry, to grinding and crushing, blasting, stockpile construction, flow in and from hoppers, silos, bins, and conveyer belts, agriculture, mining and earthmoving. Two totally different approaches of modelling granular flow are the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and continuum methods such as Finite Element Methods (FEM). Continuum methods can be divided into nonpolar or classic continuum methods and polar continuum methods. Large displacements are usually present during granular flow which, without remeshing, cannot be solved with standard finite element methods due to severe mesh distortion. The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method, which is a so-called meshless method, eliminates this problem since all the state variables are traced by material points moving through a fixed mesh. The main goal of this research was to model the flow of noncohesive granular material in front of flat bulldozer blades and into excavator buckets using a continuum method. A PIC code was developed to model these processes under plane strain conditions. A contact model was used to model Coulomb friction between the material and the bucket/blade. Analytical solutions, published numerical and experimental results were used to validate the contact model and to demonstrate the code’s ability to model large displacements and deformations. The ability of both DEM and PIC to predict the forces acting on the blade and bucket and the material flow patterns were demonstrated. Shear bands that develop during the flow of material were investigated. As part of the PIC analyses, a comparison between classic continuum and polar continuum (Cosserat) results were made. This includes mesh size and orientation dependency, flow patterns and the forces acting on the blade and the bucket. It is concluded that the interaction of buckets and blades with granular materials can successfully be modelled with PIC. In the cases conducted here, the nonpolar continuum was more accurate than the polar continuum, but the polar continuum results were less dependent on the mesh size. The next step would be to apply this technology to solve industrial problems.
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Newlon, Scott. "INTRUDER DYNAMICS RESPONSE OF GRANULAR MEDIA WITH NON-LINEAR INTERACTION POTENTIALS." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2252.
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An investigation into the intruder dynamics of dry dimensionless, frictionless discs in bidispersed, disordered systems is carried out using computer simulations. The velocity of an intruder particle driven under constant force is used as a tool to determine scaling of velocity as a function of packing pressure. Using these velocity for a range of pressures, $4 \times 10^{-7}\leq P \leq 4 \times 10^{-2}$. A universal scaling relation is proposed and plotted. The force required to cause the packing to yield to the driven intruder is determined and plotted as function of pressure. Power law exponents were extracted for the yielding force vs. the pressure. The extracted values were used to study the micro-rheology of the intruder particle. Grain scale characteristics are used to infer global elastic modulus properties.
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Hughes, Graeme David. "The dynamical properties of percolating structures." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302931.
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Kaddouri, Abdelhamid. "Infinitesimal and finite deformation analysis of saturated granular materials in statics and dynamics." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/496.
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Varas, Siriany Germàn. "Air rise through an immersed granular bed : - bulk and surfaces dynamics." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690436.
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When air is injected at the bottom of an immersed granular layer, it crosses the system by percolating or fracturing. It thus forms several paths that reach the free surface of the layer at different locations. In this thesis, we study this process experimentally (for a three and two dimensional setup), numerically and theoretically. First, we focus on the dynamics of the air invading the medium at short and long time scale, when injecting a continuous air flow. At long time, the typical size of the region explored by the air can be accounted for by a diffusion-like process [1]. We also investigate the effect of gravity by tilting the experimental cell. We contrast the results with numerical simulations for the injection of a fixed volume of air, and characterize the morphology of the invasion zone. We show that the typical height and width of the region explored by the air does not depend on the injected volume only, but also on a dimensionless parameter χ which accounts for the relative effects of the gravity and capillarity [2]. Finally, when increasing the water height above the granular layer, successive grain advection and deposition form a crater consisting of two dunes growing and moving apart one from the other. We observe that the typical size of the crater increases logarithmically with time, independently of the gas emission process [3].References -[1] G.Varas, V. Vidal and J.-C. Géminard, Phys. Rev. E. 83, 011302 (2011).[2] G.Varas, V. Vidal and J.-C. Géminard, Phys. Rev. E. 83, 061302 (2011).[3] G.Varas, V. Vidal and J.-C. Géminard, Phys. Rev. E. 79, 021301 (2009).
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Meruane, Naranjo Carolina. "Continuum Equations for Studying the Dynamics of Dense Heterogeneous Granular Flows." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102493.
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La mayoría de los flujos granulares densos en la naturaleza, tales como avalanchas de detritos, flujos piroclásticos, deslizamientos de tierra y avalanchas subacuáticas, están constituidos por una amplia gama de diferentes componentes sólidas inmersas en un fluido ambiente. Con el objeto de obtener una buena representación de la dinámica de estos flujos, se debe considerar los mecanismos de interacción entre los diferentes componentes de la mezcla. En este trabajo de tesis, se desarrolló un marco teórico basado en la teoría de mezcla para representar la dinámica de un flujo denso de material granular heterogéneo compuesto por varias especies sólidas con diferentes propiedades, sumergidas en un fluido Newtoniano. El sistema de ecuaciones obtenido fue resuelto numéricamente y validado mediante la comparación de los resultados numéricos con mediciones experimentales de flujos gravitacionales de material granular, generados por el colapso de una columna bidimensional de granos usando aire o agua como fluido ambiente. Esta teoría fue luego utilizada para investigar los efectos del fluido ambiente sobre la dinámica de flujos gravitacionales de material granular homogéneo, y los efectos de la segregación de partículas en la dinámica de flujos granulares compuestos por mezclas binarias de pequeñas y grandes partículas esféricas de igual densidad másica. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las ecuaciones propuestas capturan las características esenciales que describen la dinámica de flujos granulares densos heterogéneos. En particular, se demuestra que el fluido ambiente modifica la dinámica del flujo granular a través de cambios en la presión hidrodinámica del fluido e interacciones de arrastre entre el fluido y los sólidos. Por un lado, la presión hidrodinámica del fluido puede soportar el peso reducido de los sólidos, induciendo así una transición desde un flujo granular denso compactado a un flujo granular denso en suspensión. Por otro lado, las fuerzas de arrastre contrarrestan el movimiento de los sólidos, especialmente cerca de la pared. Además, se demuestra que la segregación del material granular aumenta la velocidad del frente debido a la expansión volumétrica del flujo. Este aumento en la velocidad del flujo es amortiguado por el fluido ambiente, comportamiento que es más pronunciado en agua que en aire. Por lo tanto, la velocidad del frente resulta del equilibrio entre la expansión volumétrica causada por la segregación y la fuerza de arrastre impuesta por el fluido ambiente. Los resultados de esta tesis permiten concluir que un modelo realista para flujos granulares heterogéneos debe considerar al menos tres componentes: granos grandes y pequeños, y el fluido ambiente. De esta forma, el marco teórico propuesto en esta tesis podría ser útil para estudiar la dinámica a gran escala de este tipo de flujos en la naturaleza, como lo son los flujos geofísicos. Los resultados principales de esta tesis fueron publicados en dos artículos científicos, el primero en el Journal of Fluid Mechanics (2010, 648: 381 - 404), y el segundo sometido a revisión en la misma revista.
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Pettersson, Thomas. "Analysis and implementation of the Smooth Discrete Element Method in AgX." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Beräkningsmatematik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121563.
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We encounter granular materials on a daily basis. We walk up a gravel path or we eat our breakfast cereals. When handling granular materials on an industrial scale it is important to do so efficiently, to avoid unnecessary energy losses, wear and tear. To help designing efficient tools for handling these materials engineers uses numerical simulations. This project investigates the difference between the two main approaches to simulation of granular materials, the Smooth- and Non-smooth Discrete Element Methods by implementing the Smooth method into AgX dynamics were the Non-smooth method already is implemented, and then setup and execute a range of experiments to investigate their differences. The investigation shows both advantages and weaknesses for both methods. The result of simulations with smooth discrete element method are more consistent than with the nonsmooth discrete element method with respect to choice of time step and other parameters that can be chosen for the simulation. Smooth discrete element method have problems when it comes to extreme situations. The relative simulation time for system as large as treated by this project (more than1000) can not be shown to depend on the size of the system.
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Takagi, Daisuke. "Spreading of viscous fluids and granular materials on slopes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/228707.
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Materials can flow down a slope in a wide range of geophysical and industrial contexts, including lava flows on volcanoes and thin films on coated surfaces. The aim of my research is to provide quantitative insight into these forms of motion and their dependence on effects of the topography, the volume and the rheology of the flowing structure. Numerous different problems are investigated through mathematical models, which are developed analytically and confirmed by laboratory experiments. The initial advance of long lava flows is studied by considering the flow of viscous fluid released on sloping channels. A scaling analysis, in agreement with analog experiments and field data, offers a practical tool for predicting the advance of lava flows and conducting hazard analysis. A simple and powerful theory predicts the structure of flows resulting from any time-dependent release of fluid down a slope. Results obtained by the method of characteristics reveal how the speed of the advancing front depends importantly on the rate of fluid supplied at an earlier time. Viscous flows on surfaces with different shapes are described by similarity solutions to address problems motivated by engineering as well as geophysical applications. Pouring viscous fluid out of a container can be a frustratingly slow process depending on the shape and the degree of tipping of the container. The discharge rate of the fluid is analysed in simple cases, shedding light on how containers can be emptied most quickly in cosmetic and food industries. In a separate study motivated by coating industries, thin films are shown to evolve with uniform thickness as they drain near the top of a horizontal cylinder or sphere. The leading edge eventually splits into rivulets as predicted theoretically and confirmed by experiments. Debris flows can develop levees and trigger avalanches which are studied by considering dense granular flows down a rough inclined plane. Granular materials released down a slope can produce a flowing structure confined by levees or trigger avalanches at regular intervals, depending on the steady rate of supply. The experimental results are discussed using theoretical ideas of shallow granular flows. Finally, materials flowing in long and slender ducts are investigated theoretically to better understand the digestive and urinary systems in biology. The materials are pumped in an elastic tube by translating waves of muscular contraction and relaxation. The deformation of the tube is predicted by solving a free-boundary problem, a similar mathematical exercise to predicting the moving boundaries of materials spreading on slopes.
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Hofmann, Marc [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Blum. "Dynamics of Granular Material on Small Bodies / Marc Hofmann ; Betreuer: Jürgen Blum." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1175820334/34.
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Martin, Hugo André Roger. "Convex contact dynamics methods with friction : granular flow and generated elastic waves." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/MARTIN_Hugo_Andre_Roger_va1.pdf.
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Ces travaux concernent la modélisation des milieux granulaires denses et leurs interactions avec des phénomènes acoustiques à l’échelle du laboratoire.Les modèles modélisant le mouvement des grains qui ont été développés se classent dans la catégorie des méthodes aux éléments discrets de type non régulières, souvent référencée sous la dénomination de “dynamique des contacts”. Lorsque l’on considère des forces de frottement entre particules dans ces modèles, on obtient des problèmes d’optimisation sous contraintes qui ont la particularité d’être non-convexes. On propose ici deux approches convexes de la modélisation des forces de frottement en dynamique des contacts.Les liens entre écoulements granulaires et propagations d’ondes élastiques sont encore mal connus. En particulier, le signal acoustique émis par ces écoulements ainsi que la propagation des ondes au sein du milieu même sont des sujets de recherches actuels. On propose deux études autour de ces thématiques. Un modèle de propagation d’ondes est notamment construit, dont les variables sont les perturbations infinitésimales des positions des grains, autour de configurations supposées à l’équilibreThis work concerns the modeling of dense granular media and their interactions with acoustic phenomena at the laboratory scale.The models that are developed in order to describe the movement of grains can be range into the category of non-smooth discrete methods, often referred to as "contact dynamics". When we consider the friction forces between particles in these models, we obtain constrained optimization problems which are not convex in general. Two convex approaches to the modeling of friction forces in contact dynamics are proposed here.The links between granular flows and the elastic wave propagation are an important topic nowadays. In particular, the acoustic signal emitted by these flows as well as the wave propagation within the medium itself are current research topics. Two studies are proposed here that concerns the relations between granular assembly and generated elastic waves propagation. In particular, a wave propagation model is proposed, whith its variables defined as the infinitesimal perturbations of the grain positions around equilibrium configurations
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Montserrat, Michelini Santiago Rafael. "Internal dynamics of gravitational dense granular flows: Experimental study and numerical modeling." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112059.
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Doctor en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención FluidodinámicaEl estudio de flujos granulares resulta importante en distintas aplicaciones industriales, como también para lograr una mejor comprensión de fenómenos naturales. Los flujos granulares que ocurren en la naturaleza muchas veces presentan un gran poder destructivo. Por ello, la predicción de la ocurrencia y comportamiento de éstos a escalas geofísicas resulta de gran interés para el ordenamiento territorial y evaluación del riesgo en asentamientos humanos y numerosas faenas industriales. Ejemplos de flujos granulares a escalas geofísicas son: flujos detríticos (aluviones), flujos piroclásticos, avalanchas de nieve y avalanchas de roca. Esta tesis está estructurada en base a una serie de artículos de investigación originales autocontenidos en la que se aborda el estudio de la dinámica interna de flujos granulares densos. En el presente trabajo se presenta una serie de resultados experimentales sobre flujos granulares compuestos por mezclas aire-partículas, con diferentes grados de fluidización inicial, inducidos sobre un canal rectangular (experimentos tipo rompimiento de presa ). También se presentan resultados experimentales y numéricos respecto del proceso de defluidización de mezclas aire-partículas en columnas estáticas. Los resultados obtenidos aportan nuevos conocimientos respecto de la física de los flujos granulares densos. Diversos estudios coinciden en que el fluido intersticial, incluso cuando es aire, resulta de gran importancia en la dinámica de los flujos granulares. Las partículas utilizadas en el estudio experimental pertenecen al grupo A según la clasificación del Geldart. Ensayos experimentales han mostrado que mezclas de partículas obtenidas en depósitos de flujos piroclásticos ricos en cenizas presentan un comportamiento del tipo A cuando son sometidas a fluidización por gas. Por ello, los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo tienen especial relevancia para entender la mecánica de flujos piroclásticos densos ricos en cenizas. Además, comportamientos similares a los esperados en mezclas aire-partículas del tipo A han sido observados en mezclas detríticas (agua-partículas) durante procesos de defluidización producto de la autoconsolidación de las mezclas debido a su propio peso. Para llevar acabo esta tesis, en primer lugar se realizaron experimentos tipo rompimiento de presa de mezclas granulares fluidizadas en distintas proporciones. Los resultados obtenidos fueron comparados con flujos derivados de mezclas no fluidizadas y flujos de agua pura, todos ensayados en la misma instalación experimental. La evolución espaciotemporal de la presión de poros en el fondo de los flujos granulares generados y a lo largo del canal experimental fue estudiada mediante un segundo conjunto de experimentos. Técnicas de análisis de imágenes de video permitieron correlacionar la estructura observada del flujo con las señales de presión obtenidas. En particular, con imágenes de video obtenidas a lo largo del canal se estudió los patrones de depositación del flujo. Nuevos experimentos, consistentes en medir la evolución de la presión de poros en mezclas estáticas (columnas) previamente fluidizadas, permitieron estudiar los mecanismos que controlan la difusión de la presión de poros en éstas. Este estudio fue complementado con un modelo numérico capaz de representar de buena forma los resultados experimentales obtenidos. A pesar de que en flujos granulares la difusión de la presión de poros puede ser controlada por otros procesos más complejos que aquellos presentes en el caso estático, este simple experimento aporta nuevas ideas respecto al proceso de difusión de la presión de poros en mezclas inicialmente fluidizadas. Finalmente, se estudió experimentalmente el alcance de los flujos granulares, para todo el rango de fluidización (desde nula a completamente fluidizado) en canales con distintas pendientes. En resumen, nuestros resultados enfatizan la capacidad de la presión de poros en aumentar la movilidad de mezclas fluido-partículas. El incremento en las escalas de tiempo de difusión de la presión de poros debido a la consolidación de mezclas fluidizadas y expandidas causan un notable incremento en el alcance de los flujos, cuando se comparan con mezclas no fluidizadas y no expandidas.
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Hedman, Stefan. "Smooth and non-smooth approaches to simulation of granular matter." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-50584.
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Granular matter is defined as a collection of particle grains, such as sand.This type of matter have different characteristics (solid, liquid and gas) depending on the energy level per grain. There are several approaches to modeling and numerical simulations of granular matter. They are used by different groups for different purposes, and the choice between the approaches is based on knowledge and tradition rather than what might be best for the purpose. The key questions are when to use what method and what physical quality is lost depending on the choice.Two regimes of discrete element granular simulations emerge: smooth and non-smooth. To compare the efficiency and physical quality of the two approaches, four physics softwares are examined including Bullet Physics, LMGC90, AgX and LIGGGHTS. Test scenes are setup in each software and the results are compared to each other or to the results of other work.The thesis is performed at UMIT Research Lab at Umeå University.
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Kröner, Christian [Verfasser]. "Experimental and numerical description of rapid granular flows and some baseline constraints for simulating 3-dimensional granular flow dynamics / Christian Kröner." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105791522X/34.
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Coetzee, Corné J. "The modelling of granular flow using the particle-in-cell method /." Link to the online version, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1334.
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Nguyen, Hong Trung. "Coarse-grained Modeling Studies of Polymeric and Granular Systems." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7202.
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This Dissertation is devoted to computational study of the solidification, dynamics and mechanics of model semiflexible polymers with variable chain flexibility as well as a computational investigation of the clogging phenomena observed in granular materials.
Chain stiffness is an intrinsic factor that governs single-chain flexibility. It plays a critical role in the physics of polymeric materials. In this work, we employ a coarse-grained polymer model in which chain stiffness can be tuned by a single parameter (bending stiffness kb) that yields chain shape ranging from coil-like to rod-like in the flexible and very stiff limit respectively. In chapter 2, we focus on how chain stiffness affects how polymer melts solidify under thermal cooling. We observe a strong dependence of the solid-state morphology (formed after cooling) upon chain flexibility. In the flexible limit, we find that monomers possess crystalline order while chains retain random-walk like structure. In higher stiffness regime glass formation is obtained while nematic ordering typical of lamellar precursors coexists with close-packing in the rod-like limit. Surprisingly we observe various structures ranging from spiral, to multi-domain nematic phases in the intermediate values of kb.
In chapter 3 we go a step further to relate the solidification behaviors of chains discussed in chapter 2 to their melt dynamics. We probe the microstructure and the dynamics of flexible, intermediate-stiffness and rod-like chains. We find that melts of flexible and stiff chains that crystallize under cooling show simple and fast dynamics with Arrhenius temperature dependence. Interestingly, the intermediate-stiffness chains exhibit Vogel-Fulcher dynamical relaxation typical of fragile glass-formers even though their ground states is a nematic-close-packed crystal. There is no compelling argument based on static micro-structure change explaining this dynamical arrest to be found. However, we find that the dynamics of intermediate-stiffness chains is dominated by the stringlike cooperative motion that correlates along their chain backbones. This cooperative rearrangement which is absent in other systems appears to be the main cause of the dynamical arrest observed for intermediate-stiffness chains.
In chapter 4, we turn to another class of materials where the negligible contribution of thermal fluctuations gives rise to an interesting phenomenon, i.e. the clogging transition. Clogging is a probabilistic event that occurs through a transition from a homogeneous flowing state to a heterogeneous or phase separated jammed state. The granular system under study is an assemble of bidisperse disks externally driven through a two dimensional periodic substrate. We find that the probability for clogging strongly depend on particle packing, obstacle number and the driving direction. Surprisingly, under relevant conditions we observe a size-specific clogging transition in which the smaller species get trapped while the larger species keep flowing.
Chapter 5 returns to discuss the polymer solidification in the context of isostaticity. Results from the simulations of semiflexible polymers described in chapter 2 allow us to derive a generalized isostaticity criterion that can be applied to finite-stiffness chains. The new criterion is based on the characteristic ratio C which characterizes the slow freezing out of configurational freedom of chains as chain stiffness increases. The results of the average coordination number at solidification Z(Ts) suggest a link between jamming in athermal systems and solidification in their thermal counterparts.
Finally, in chapter 6 we study the effect of chain stiffness on the mechanical response of glassy polymers. We investigate shear deformation of three systems with a different degree of entanglement. We find that loosely entangled chains display strong shear banding and undergo fracture via chain pullout. In contrast, tightly entangled chains fail at high enough strain along a well-defined plane via chain scission shortly after chains are pulled taut. We explain these chain-stiffness-dependent behaviors qualitatively using the segmental packing efficiency argument and quantitatively using modern plasticity measures
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Cawthorn, Christopher John. "Several applications of a model for dense granular flows." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245044.
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This dissertation describes efforts to evaluate a recently proposed continuum model for the dense flow of dry granular materials (Jop, Forterre & Pouliquen, 2006, Nature, 441, 167-192). The model, based upon a generalisation of Coulomb sliding friction, is known to perform well when modelling certain simple free surface flows. We extend the application of this model to a wide range of flow configurations, beginning with six simple flows studied in detailed experiments (GDR MiDi, 2004, Eur. Phys. J. E, 14, 341-366). Two-dimensional shearing flows and problems of linear stability are also addressed. These examples are used to underpin a thorough discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the model. In order to calculate the behaviour of granular material in more complicated configurations, it is necessary to undertake a numerical solution. We discuss several computational techniques appropriate to the model, with careful attention paid to the evolution of any shear-free regions that may arise. In addition, we develop a numerical scheme, based upon a marker-and-cell method, that is capable of modelling two-dimensional granular flow with a moving free surface. A detailed discussion of our unsuccessful attempt to construct a scheme based upon Lagrangian finite elements is presented in an appendix. We apply the marker-and-cell code to the key problem of granular slumping (Balmforth & Kerswell, 2005, J. Fluid Mech., 538, 399-428), which has hitherto resisted explanation by modelling approaches based on various reduced (shallow water) models. With our numerical scheme, we are able to lift the assumptions required for other models, and make predictions in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data. An additional chapter describes the largely unrelated problem of contact between two objects separated by a viscous fluid. Although classical lubrication theory suggests that two locally smooth objects converging under gravity will make contact only after infinite time, we discuss several physical effects that may promote contact in finite time. Detailed calculations are presented to illustrate how the presence of a sharp asperity can modify the approach to contact.
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Sirmas, Nick. "Dynamics and Stability of Shock Waves in Granular Gases Undergoing Activated Inelastic Collisions." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36568.
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The present work investigates the dynamics and stability of shock waves in granular gases. The problem was modelled for a piston propagating into a system of disks that can undergo inelastic collisions if an impact threshold is exceeded. The model was addressed numerically at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The molecular dynamics methodology employed the Event-Driven Molecular Dynamics method, and the continuum model was formulated using the Navier-Stokes equations for granular gases with the transport terms of Jenkins and Richman and a modified cooling rate term.
The inviscid steady state shock structure was derived and analyzed. The results indicated that a relaxing shock structure is expected for sufficiently strong shock waves. Beyond this limit the structure was shown to be independent of the initial energy, a finding similar to the strong shock approximation in molecular gases.
One-dimensional simulations demonstrated that the molecular dynamics and continuum models yield similar evolutions and structures of the shock wave, validating the continuum description of this study. Two-dimensional results showed that sufficiently strong shock waves can exhibit multi-dimensional instability with high density non-uniformities and convective rolls within the structure, with the size of instabilities shown to scale with the relaxation length of the shock structure. Instabilities were observed with the continuum description only with the inclusion of statistical fluctuations to density mimicking the molecular model. The cases that were unstable were shown to be in a regime whereby statistical fluctuations can become important, following the description for this regime by Bird.
Based on these findings, it is proposed that unstable shock behaviour can be observed for highly dissipative shock waves that yield short relaxation length scales, where fluctuations become important. The current work may shed light on unstable shock behaviour observed in dissipative gases, having implications for both granular media and molecular gases.
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Torres, Menéndez Harol [Verfasser], Thorsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Pöschel, Thorsten [Gutachter] Pöschel, and Ernesto [Gutachter] Altshuler. "Granular Leidenfrost effect in microgravity and collective dynamics of active granular particles / Harol Torres Menéndez ; Gutachter: Thorsten Pöschel, Ernesto Altshuler ; Betreuer: Thorsten Pöschel." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228627541/34.
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Stärk, Elmar [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Horbach, and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Egelhaaf. "Dynamics of Granular Matter in Two Dimensions / Elmar Stärk. Gutachter: Jürgen Horbach ; Stefan Egelhaaf." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052654274/34.
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Selvatici, Elena. "Variational formulation for Granular Contact Dynamics simulation via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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The subject of this thesis is the development of a calculation software for the numerical analysis and the dynamic simulation of a granular flow.
One of the major problems encountered in the dynamic analysis of the mechanical behaviour of a granular medium is the enormous computational time taken to reach the solution of the problem.
Following studies that have verified the effectiveness of the implicit formulation proposed by the Granular Contact Dynamics approach, the idea of this thesis arises from the desire to apply the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for the optimization of the solution, a parallelizable algorithm already validated in similar contexts.
The main part of the work consisted in the realization of the program using the Python programming language. During the process particular importance was given to computational optimization, and each part of the program has been designed to handle large scale problems.
To generate the starting conditions we have implemented algorithms both for importing and for generating a model, and we have implemented methods for the introduction and management of the static and kinematic boundaries.
As for the solution algorithm we reviewed the mathematical model of the GCD: the solution of the problem leads to the application of the principle of minimum of the total potential energy associated with the system.
We introduced the augmented Lagrangian: its minimization, with respect to one of the primary variables and assuming the other unknowns as constants, constitutes the core of the ADMM.
The software has been included within mechpy, an open source platform for the development of unconventional finite element formulations, and is able to manage both two-dimensional and three-dimensional models.
The results are very promising: the output of the simulations has been compared with experimental results, and the noticeable correspondence validates the software functionality.
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Ahnert, Karsten. "Compactons in strongly nonlinear lattices." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4853/.
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In the present work, we study wave phenomena in strongly nonlinear lattices. Such lattices are characterized by the absence of classical linear waves. We demonstrate that compactons – strongly localized solitary waves with tails decaying faster than exponential – exist and that they play a major role in the dynamics of the system under consideration. We investigate compactons in different physical setups. One part deals with lattices of dispersively coupled limit cycle oscillators which find various applications in natural sciences such as Josephson junction arrays or coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations. Another part deals with Hamiltonian lattices. Here, a prominent example in which compactons can be found is the granular chain. In the third part, we study systems which are related to the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing, for example, coupled optical wave-guides or the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices.
Our investigations are based on a numerical method to solve the traveling wave equation. This results in a quasi-exact solution (up to numerical errors) which is the compacton. Another ansatz which is employed throughout this work is the quasi-continuous approximation where the lattice is described by a continuous medium. Here, compactons are found analytically, but they are defined on a truly compact support. Remarkably, both ways give similar qualitative and quantitative results.
Additionally, we study the dynamical properties of compactons by means of numerical simulation of the lattice equations. Especially, we concentrate on their emergence from physically realizable initial conditions as well as on their stability due to collisions. We show that the collisions are not exactly elastic but that a small part of the energy remains at the location of the collision. In finite lattices, this remaining part will then trigger a multiple scattering process resulting in a chaotic state.In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit werden Wellenphänomene in stark nichtlinearen Gittern untersucht. Diese Gitter zeichnen sich vor allem durch die Abwesenheit von klassischen linearen Wellen aus. Es wird gezeigt, dass Kompaktonen – stark lokalisierte solitäre Wellen, mit Ausläufern welche schneller als exponentiell abfallen – existieren, und dass sie eine entscheidende Rolle in der Dynamik dieser Gitter spielen. Kompaktonen treten in verschiedenen diskreten physikalischen Systemen auf. Ein Teil der Arbeit behandelt dabei Gitter von dispersiv gekoppelten Oszillatoren, welche beispielsweise Anwendung in gekoppelten Josephsonkontakten oder gekoppelten Ginzburg-Landau-Gleichungen finden. Ein weiterer Teil beschäftigt sich mit Hamiltongittern, wobei die granulare Kette das bekannteste Beispiel ist, in dem Kompaktonen beobachtet werden können. Im dritten Teil werden Systeme, welche im Zusammenhang mit der Diskreten Nichtlinearen Schrödingergleichung stehen, studiert. Diese Gleichung beschreibt beispielsweise Arrays von optischen Wellenleitern oder die Dynamik von Bose-Einstein-Kondensaten in optischen Gittern. Das Studium der Kompaktonen basiert hier hauptsächlich auf dem numerischen Lösen der dazugehörigen Wellengleichung. Dies mündet in einer quasi-exakten Lösung, dem Kompakton, welches bis auf numerische Fehler genau bestimmt werden kann. Ein anderer Ansatz, der in dieser Arbeit mehrfach verwendet wird, ist die Approximation des Gitters durch ein kontinuierliches Medium. Die daraus resultierenden Kompaktonen besitzen einen im mathematischen Sinne kompakten Definitionsbereich. Beide Methoden liefern qualitativ und quantitativ gut übereinstimmende Ergebnisse. Zusätzlich werden die dynamischen Eigenschaften von Kompaktonen mit Hilfe von direkten numerischen Simulationen der Gittergleichungen untersucht. Dabei wird ein Hauptaugenmerk auf die Entstehung von Kompaktonen unter physikalisch realisierbaren Anfangsbedingungen und ihre Kollisionen gelegt. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Wechselwirkung nicht exakt elastisch ist, sondern dass ein Teil ihrer Energie an der Position der Kollision verharrt. In endlichen Gittern führt dies zu einem multiplen Streuprozess, welcher in einem chaotischen Zustand endet.
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Wersäll, Carl. "Frequency Optimization of Vibratory Rollers and Plates for Compaction of Granular Soil." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187352.
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Vibratory rollers are commonly used for compaction of embankments and landfills. This task is time consuming and constitutes a significant part of most large construction and infrastructure projects. By improving the compaction efficiency, the construction industry would reduce costs and environmental impact. This research project studies the influence of the vibration frequency of the drum, which is normally a fixed roller property, and whether resonance can be utilized to improve the compaction efficiency. The influence of frequency on roller compaction has not before been studied but the concept of resonance compaction has previously been applied successfully in deep compaction of fills and natural deposits. In order to examine the influence of vibration frequency on the compaction of granular soil, small-scale compaction tests of sand were conducted under varying conditions with a vertically oscillating plate. Subsequently, full-scale tests were conducted using a vibratory soil compaction roller and a test bed of crushed gravel. The results showed that resonance can be utilized in soil compaction by vibratory rollers and plates and that the optimum compaction frequency from an energy perspective is at, or slightly above, the coupled compactor-soil resonant frequency. Since rollers operate far above resonance, the compaction frequency can be significantly reduced, resulting in a considerable reduction in fuel consumption, environmental impact and machine wear. The thesis also presents an iterative equivalent-linear method to calculate the frequency response of a vibrating foundation, such as a compacting plate or the drum of a roller. The method seems promising for predicting the resonant frequency of the roller-soil system and can be used to determine the optimum compaction frequency without site- and roller-specific measurements.QC 20160613
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Woudberg, Sonia. "Laminar flow through isotropic granular porous media." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1320.
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Swartzel, Jeffrey M. "Rolling of an Elliptic-Shaped Particle in Two Dimensions: A Mathematical Model." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1240522472.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Mathematics, 2009."May, 2009." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 7/28/2009) Advisor, Dmitry Golovaty; Faculty Readers, Gerald Young, Patrick Wilber; Department Chair, Joseph Wilder; Dean of the College, Chand Midha; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Jongchansitto, Pawarut. "Mechanical analysis of 2D composite granular materials : thermomechanical experiments and numerical simulations." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22592/document.
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L'objectif de la thèse est d'analyser le comportement mécanique de matériaux granulaires composites bidimensionels en terme de textures granulaires en utilisant deux approches : étude expérimentale par "thermoelastic stress analysis" et étude numérique par dynamique moléculaire. Les systèmes granulaires composites sont préparés à l'aide de cylindres en polyoxyméthylène (POM) et polyéthylène haute densité (PEHD), présentant un rapport de rigidité de 4 entre eux. Différents rapports de diamètres et de nombres de particules sont considérés. Les résultats expérimentaux et numériques sont en bon accord à l'échelle macroscopique. En particulier, le réseau fort (qui est ici caractérisé par des contraintes hydrostatiques supérieures à la valeur moyenne) contient moins de 50% des particules, et présente une distribution décroissance exponentielle quel que soit le type de particules considéré pour l'analyse (particules souples, particules rigides, toutes les particules). De plus, la distribution des contacts entre particules rigides (contacts POM-POM) est anisotrope et tend à s'organiser dans le sens de la direction du chargement extérieur appliqué, tandis que les autres types de contact agissent principalement pour maintenir le système en équilibreThe main objective of our dissertation is to analyze the mechanical behavior of two-dimensional composite granular materials through the granular textures. Thermoelatic stress analysis experiments and molecular dynamics simulations are used for this purpose. The composite granular systems are prepared from polyoxymethylene (POM) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) cylinders with a stiffness ratio of about 4 between them. Different configurations in terms of ratios of diameter size and ratio of particle numbers are systematically investigated. Experimental and numerical results are good correlated at the macroscopic scale. In particular the strong network, which is here characterized by hydrostatic stresses higher than the mean value, consists of less than 50% of all particles, and exhibits an exponential decay whatever the type of particles considered for the analysis (soft, stiff, or both types). In addition, the contact distributions between stiff particles (POM-POM contacts) is anisotropic with an effort to arrange parallel to the direction of the external applied load, whereas the other types of contacts just act to sustain the granular system in equilibrium
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Wang, Ruopeng 1972. "Study of gas flow dynamics in porous and granular media with laser-polarized ¹²⁹Xe NMR." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34652.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-182).
This thesis presents Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies of gas flow dynamics in porous and granular media by using laser-polarized ¹²⁹Xe . Two different physical processes, the gas transport in porous rock cores and the mass exchanges between different phases in fluidized granular systems, were investigated and new experimental methods were designed to measure several important parameters characterizing the two systems. Methods for measuring the parameters had been either unavailable or significantly limited previously. The research involved modeling the gas flow in porous and granular media by relating the dynamics of spin magnetization to the interesting parameters, as well as correspondingly designing new measurement methods and verifying them on the laboratory test beds. We proposed a simple method to measure two important parameters of reservoir rocks, permeability and effective porosity, by probing the flow front of laser-polarized xenon gas inside the rock cores. The method was thoroughly tested on different categories of rocks with permeability values spanning two orders of magnitude, and the results were in agreement with those from the established techniques.
(cont.) The uniqueness in the work is that the fast method developed is capable of measuring the two parameters simultaneously on the same setup. Bubble-emulsion exchange and emulsion-adsorption exchange in a fluidized bed are two processes crucial to the efficiency of many chemical reactors working in bubbling regime. We used differences in T2 and chemical shift to contrast the three phases in the xenon spectra, and designed methods to measure the inter-phase exchange rates. The measured results of the bubble-emulsion and emulsion-adsorption exchange rates agreed well with predictions based on available theory. Our approach is the first to non-invasively probe natural bubbles in a three-dimensional bed, and to measure the exchange rate between the emulsion phase and multiple bubbles.
by Ruopeng Wang.
Ph.D.
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Luomaranta, Henri. "Essays in Firm Dynamics, Ownership and Aggregate Effects." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10021/document.
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Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteurAdministrative registers maintained by statistical offices on vastly heterogeneous firms have much untapped potential to reveal details on sources of productivity of firms and economies alike. It has been proposed that firm-level shocks can go a long way in explaining aggregate fluctuations. Based on novel monthly frequency data, idiosyncratic shocks are able to explain a sizable share of the Finnish economic fluctuations, providing support to the granular hypothesis. The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 has challenged the field of economic forecasting, and nowcasting has become an active field. This thesis shows that the information content of firm-level sales and truck traffic can be used for nowcasting GDP figures, by using a specific mixture of machine learning algorithms. The agency problem lies at the heart of much of economic theory. Based on a unique dataset linking owners, CEOs and firms, and exploiting plausibly exogenous variations in the separation of ownership and control, agency costs seem to be an important determinant of firm productivity. Furthermore, the effect appear strongest in medium-sized firms. Enterprise group structures might have important implications on the voluminous literature on firm size, as large share of SME employment can be attributed to affiliates of large business groups. Within firm variation suggests that enterprise group affiliation has heterogeneous impacts depending on size, having strong positive impact on productivity of small firms, and negative impact on their growth. In terms of aggregate job creation, it is found that the independent small firms have contributed the most. The results in this thesis underline the benefits of paying attention to samples encompassing the total population of firms. Researchers should continue to explore the potential of rich administrative data sources at statistical offices and strive to strengthen the ties with data producers
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Maladen, Ryan Dominic. "Biological, simulation, and robotic studies to discover principles of swimming within granular media." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42852.
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The locomotion of organisms whether by running, flying, or swimming is the result of multiple degree-of-freedom nervous and musculoskeletal systems interacting with an environment that often flows and deforms in response to movement. A major challenge in biology is to understand the locomotion of organisms that crawl or burrow within terrestrial substrates like sand, soil, and muddy sediments that display both solid and fluid-like behavior. In such materials, validated theories such as the Navier-Stokes equations for fluids do not exist, and visualization techniques (such as particle image velocimetry in fluids) are nearly nonexistent.
In this dissertation we integrated biological experiment, numerical simulation, and a physical robot model to reveal principles of undulatory locomotion in granular media. First, we used high speed x-ray imaging techniques to reveal how a desert dwelling lizard, the sandfish, swims within dry granular media without limb use by propagating a single period sinusoidal traveling wave along its body, resulting in a wave efficiency, the ratio of its average forward speed to wave speed, of approximately 0.5. The wave efficiency was independent of the media preparation (loosely and tightly packed). We compared this observation against two complementary modeling approaches: a numerical model of the sandfish coupled to a discrete particle simulation of the granular medium, and an undulatory robot which was designed to swim within granular media. We used these mechanical models to vary the ratio of undulation amplitude (A) to wavelength (λ) and demonstrated that an optimal condition for sand-swimming exists which results from competition between A and λ. The animal simulation and robot model, predicted that for a single period sinusoidal wave, maximal speed occurs for A/ λ = 0.2, the same kinematics used by the sandfish. Inspired by the tapered head shape of the sandfish lizard, we showed that the lift forces and hence vertical position of the robot as it moves forward within granular media can be varied by designing an appropriate head shape and controlling its angle of attack, in a similar way to flaps or wings moving in fluids. These results support the biological hypotheses which propose that morphological adaptations of desert dwelling organisms aid in their subsurface locomotion. This work also demonstrates that the discovery of biological principles of high performance locomotion within sand can help create the next generation of biophysically inspired robots that could explore potentially hazardous complex flowing environments.
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Preclik, Tobias [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Rüde. "Models and Algorithms for Ultrascale Simulations of Non-smooth Granular Dynamics / Tobias Preclik. Gutachter: Ulrich Rüde." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1075478987/34.
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Önder, Koray [Verfasser], Ralf [Gutachter] Bulla, and Matthias [Gutachter] Sperl. "Dynamics close to Bifurcations: From Spins to Granular Media / Koray Önder ; Gutachter: Ralf Bulla, Matthias Sperl." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199537314/34.
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Sunthar, P. "Characterisation and Analysis of a Vibro-fluidised Granular Material." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/249.
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The present work is concerned with the mathematical modelling of a bed of granular material in a gravitational field vertically fluidised by a vibrating surface. The particles are in rapid motion, and lose energy by inelastic collisions. The steady state is maintained by a balance of the rate of dissipation of energy in inelastic particle collisions and the rate of transfer of energy due to particle collisions with the vibrating surface.
The limit where the energy dissipation due to inelastic collisions is small compared to the mean kinetic energy of the particles is considered. This non-equilibrium steady state is similar to a dilute gas at equilibrium with a uniform temperature and an exponentially decaying density, obtained from the ideal gas equation of state. From the analysis of this state, four non-dimensional numbers are derived which uniquely specify the state of the system.
A perturbative analysis about the uniform temperature state is carried out and analytical solutions to the macroscopic variables of the system are obtained using two types of approximations. The first is a hydrodynamic model using constitutive relations from the general kinetic theory of granular media, and the second is a kinetic theory formulation derived exclusively for the vibro-fluidised bed. The latter permits an anisotropy between the horizontal and vertical directions due to the anisotropic nature of the source of energy at the bottom wall. The kinetic theory is extended to incorporate the corrections due to the high density effects, which is similar to the Enskog correction to dense gases.
An event driven (ED), or hard sphere molecular dynamic (MD), simulation of the vibrated bed is carried out. The quantitative predictions of the theories are validated by the simulation. A systematic probing of the parameter space within the ED simulations revealed two new phenomena in a vibro-fluidised bed which are inhomogeneous in the horizontal direction. These are convection rolls similar to the Rayleigh-Benard instability in fluids, and a clustering instability leading to a phase separation. The instabilities are characterised using a phase diagram. The homogeneous states close to these new states are adequately described by the models developed here. An analysis of the stability of this state could have implications in understanding the instabilities in driven granular materials (such as in sheared media and fluidised beds) in general, and pattern formation in vibrated beds in particular.
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Sandlin, Matthew. "An experimental and numerical study of granular hopper flows." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50318.
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In a proposed design for a concentrated solar power tower, sand is irradiated by
solar energy and transfers its energy to another fluid stream by means of a finned tube
heat exchanger. To maximize heat transfer and minimize potential damage to the heat
exchanger, it is desired to have a very uniform flow through the heat exchanger.
However, performing full scale flow tests can be expensive, impractical, and depending
upon the specific quantities of interest, unsuitable for revealing the details of what it
happening inside of the flow stream.
Thus, the discrete element method has been used to simulate and study particulate
flows. In this project, the flow of small glass beads through a square pyramid shaped
hopper and a wedge shaped hopper were studied at the lab scale. These flows were also
simulated using computers running two versions of discrete element modeling software –
EDEM and LIGGGHTS. The simulated results were compared against the lab scale flows
and against each other. They show that, in general, the discrete element method can be
used to simulate lab scale particulate flows as long as certain material properties are well
known, especially the friction properties of the material. The potential for increasing the
accuracy of the simulations, such as using better material property data, non-uniform
particle size distributions, and non-spherical particle shapes, as well as simulating heat
transfer within a granular flow are also discussed.
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Zhang, Fengshou. "Pattern formation in fluid injection into dense granular media." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43716.
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Integrated theoretical and experimental analysis is carried out in this work to investigate the fundamental failure mechanisms and flow patterns involved in the process of fluid injection into dense granular media. The experimental work is conducted with aqueous glycerin solutions, utilizing a novel setup based on a Hele-Shaw cell filled with dense dry sand. The two dimensional nature of the setup allows direct visualization and imaging analysis of the real-time fluid and grain kinematics. The experimental results reveal that the fluid flow patterns show a transition from simple radial flow to a ramified morphology while the granular media behaviors change from that of rigid porous media to localized failure that lead to development of fluid channels. Based on the failure/flow patterns, four distinct failure/flow regimes can be identified, namely, (i) a simple radial flow regime, (ii) an infiltration-dominated regime, (iii) a grain displacement-dominated regime, and (iv) a viscous fingering-dominated regime. These distinct failure/flow regimes emerge as a result of competition among various energy dissipation mechanisms, namely, viscous dissipation through infiltration, dissipation due to grain displacements, and viscous dissipation through flow in thin channels and can be classified based on the characteristic times associated with fluid injection, hydromechanical coupling and viscoelastoplasticity.
The injection process is also analyzed numerically using the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with two fluid flow scheme, a fixed coarse grid scheme based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a pore network modeling scheme. The numerical results from the two complementary methods reproduce phenomena consistent with the experimental observations and justify the concept of associating the displacement regimes with the partition among energy dissipation mechanisms. The research in this work, though fundamental in nature, will have direct impacts on many engineering problems in civil, environmental and petroleum engineering such as ground improvement, environmental remediation and reservoir stimulation.