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Academic literature on the topic 'Grande sous-unité ribosomique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Grande sous-unité ribosomique"
CÁRDENAS, PACO, and HANS TORE RAPP. "A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species." Zootaxa 3253, no. 1 (April 2, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3253.1.1.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Grande sous-unité ribosomique"
Lebreton, Alice. "Dynamique des facteurs pré-ribosomiques au cours de la biogenèse de la grande sous-unité ribosomique chez S. cerevisiae." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00100381.
Full textNous avons montré que la protéine nucléaire Nsa2, extrêmement conservée chez les Eucaryotes, est requise pour la maturation correcte de l'intermédiaire d'ARN ribosomique 27SB. Nsa2 est un facteur instable et régulé en fonction de l'activité de la biogenèse des ribosomes ; à ce titre, il pourrait centraliser différents signaux de contrôle de la voie métabolique. Par ailleurs, la technique de SILAC nous a permis de définir des groupes de facteurs pré-ribosomiques précoces ou tardifs par rapport au point d'action de Nsa2.
Dans le cytoplasme, nous avons mis en évidence un réseau de protéines marquant la transition entre la fin de la biogenèse de la grande sous-unité et l'initiation de la traduction. La protéine cytoplasmique Rei1 et la karyophérine Kap121 sont requises pour le recyclage du dimère de facteurs navettes Arx1-Alb1, du cytoplasme vers le noyau. Ce recyclage conditionne la dissociation entre le facteur d'anti-association Tif6 et la grande sous-unité ribosomique, qui peut dès lors se lier à la petite sous-unité ribosomique et participer à la traduction.
Lebreton, Alice. "Dynamique des facteurs pré-ribosomiques au cours de la biogène de la grande sous-unité ribosomique chez S. Cerevisiae." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077120.
Full textThis work focuses on the dynamics of assembly, dissociation and recycling of proteins involved in the biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It sheds some light on two control points in this metabolic pathway, localised in the nucleus and the cytoplasm respectively. We have shown that the nuclear protein Nsa2, which is very conserved throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, is required for the correct maturation of the 27SB ribosomal RNA precursor. Nsa2 is an unstable factor, regulated in correlation with the activity of ribosome biogenesis; it thus constitutes a good candidate for the integration of various signals resulting in the regulation of this metabolic pathway. Besides, using the SILAC technique, we could define groups of early or late acting factors relative to the Nsa2 action time. In the cytoplasm, we identified a protein network, which marks the end of ribosome biogenesis and triggers the entry of new ribosomal subunits into translation. The cytoplasmic protein Rei1 and the karyopherin Kap121 are both required for the recycling from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of a dimer of shuttling factors, Arx1-Alb1. This recycling enables the dissociation of the anti-association factor Tif6 from the large ribosomal subunit, which can consequently bind the small ribosomal subunit and enter translation
Jaafar, Mariam. "Fonctions du snoARN snR190 et de l'ARN hélicase Dbp7 dans la compaction de l'ARN de la grande sous-unité ribosomique chez la levure." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30278.
Full textSynthesis of eukaryotic ribosomal subunits involves assembly and maturation of complex precursor particles (pre-ribosomal particles) containing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursors, ribosomal proteins (RPs or r-proteins) and a plethora of assembly and maturation factors (AMFs). The first part of my thesis focused on the BXDC1-RRS1 heterodimer. BXDC1 and RRS1 are the human homologues of the yeast assembly and maturation factors Rpf2 and Rrs1, respectively. In S. cerevisiae, Rpf2 and Rrs1 are involved in the recruitment of the 5S RNP into pre-60S particles. Moreover, recent studies performed in my host team in Toulouse identified the Rpf2-Rrs1 heterodimer as a novel nucleolar complex involved in the regulation of Pol I transcription in yeast cells. In human cells, BXDC1 and RRS1 are also implicated in the incorporation of the 5S RNP into pre-ribosomes and further plays a central role in the coordination between ribosome synthesis and the cell cycle progression. This project aimed to determine whether, similarly to its yeast counterpart, the BXDC1/RRS1 complex is also involved in the regulation of Pol I transcription in human cells. We used Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to determine whether BXDC1 interacts with rDNA. We also tested if the absence of BXDC1 affects RNA Pol I association with rDNA. Unfortunately, we failed to demonstrate any interaction between BXDC1 and rDNA and furthermore, Pol I interaction with rDNA was not affected upon RNAi-mediated depletion of BXDC1. These obtained data did not encourage us to further explore this part of my thesis. The second part of my thesis consisted in deciphering the function of the box C/D snoRNA snR190 and its interplay with the DEAD-box ATPase Dbp7 in yeast. snR190 has long been predicted to act as a methylation guide snoRNA targeting a nucleotide of the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of the 25S rRNA, although the target methylation has never been detected. This snoRNA interacts preferentially with a protein module composed of five factors called the "Npa1 complex", suggested to play a key role in the compaction of the 25S rRNA within the earliest pre-60S particles. We show that snR190 is required for optimal yeast proliferation and efficient maturation of early pre-60S particles. We propose that snR190 functions as a novel snoRNA chaperone, which cooperates with the Npa1 complex to promote the compaction of the pre-rRNA in the first pre-60S particles, through two evolutionarily conserved antisense elements. Our study further revealed a novel genetic link between snR190 and the Dbp7 RNA helicase, which displays genetic interactions with all members of the Npa1 complex. We further show that the absence of Dbp7 leads to an aberrant retention within pre-60S particles of snR190 and several modification guide snoRNAs targeting the PTC region of the 25S rRNA. In addition, knockout of snR190 in a strain lacking Dbp7 partially alleviates its growth defect and restores early pre-60S particle maturation to some extent. We propose that the Dbp7 RNA helicase regulates the dynamic base-pairing between snR190 and the pre-rRNA within the earliest pre-60S particles, thereby participating in the structuring of the PTC region of the large ribosomal subunit
Khreiss, Ali. "Dbp6, une ARN hélicase requise pour les étapes précoces de la synthèse de la grande sous-unité du ribosome eucaryotes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30061.
Full textThe translation activity of ribosomes is directly held by the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) composing its two subunits. The large ribosomal subunit (60S) is formed of the 25S, 5.8S and 5S rRNAs and the small ribosomal subunit (40S) of the 18S rRNA. One of the main goals of ribosome biogenesis is to turn the rRNAs into correctly folded and active molecules. The production of the ribosomal subunits is the result of successive processing and maturation steps of precursor particles, the pre-60S and the pre-40S particles, precursors of the large (60S) and small (40S) ribosomal subunits, respectively. Ribosomal proteins (RPs), assembly factors (AFs) and small ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs) are implicated in these successive steps. These factors play important roles in the spatial organization and in maintaining the structural integrity of the rRNAs. RNA helicases form the largest group of AFs and can modulate RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions. They form potential candidates for the tridimensional folding of the rRNAs. However, the mechanisms by which these enzymes participate in ribosomal particles production remain vague. In this study, we focus on the DEAD-box RNA helicase Dbp6's function in the early structuring of rRNAs of the large ribosomal subunit (60S). Dbp6 is essential for the production of the large ribosomal subunits. In its absence the production of the first pre-60S particle is impaired. Nevertheless, Dbp6 enzymatic activities' importance for the first pre-60S particle production has not been assessed nor have its RNA substrates been determined. In our study, we demonstrated that Dbp6 displays expected biochemical activities, such as ATP hydrolysis and RNA binding. Dbp6 did not show any RNA strands dissociation activity (helicase activity) in the conditions tested in the laboratory. We were able to identify and study a strand association activity (annealing activity) that is controlled by ATP. By studying Dbp6's mutants targeting the conserved helicase core motifs, we established that ATP hydrolysis is important but not essential for cell survival. However, the annealing activity seems to play a key role in the molecular function of the enzyme. We then identified Dbp6 in vivo substrates by in vivo cross-linking and analysis of cDNA experiment (CRAC). This showed that Dbp6 mostly interacts with snoRNAs that bind the 5' region of the 25S rRNA of which several are orphan snoRNA that do not guide the chemical modification of nucleotides. These findings support the notion that Dbp6 might participate in the spatial organization of this region of the large subunit rRNA by the intermediate of chaperoning snoRNAs
Joret, Clément. "Etude de la structure et de la fonction d'un complexe constitué de 5 protéines non ribosomiques Npa1p, Npa2p, Dbp6p, Nop8p et Rsa3p essentielles à la formation de la grande sous unité des ribosomes eucaryotes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30335/document.
Full textRibosomes are huge molecular complexes present in all cells of living things. They result from the assembly of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins, constituting ribonucleoproteins (RNP). They play a major role in decoding the genetic information contained in messenger RNA (mRNA) to translate them into proteins during translation. Production of eukaryotic ribosomes is initiated by transcription of a pre-ribosomal rRNA (pre-rRNA) precursor of mature 18S rRNA, 5.8S and 25S / 28S by RNA polymerase I, which is chemically modified and trimmed with endo- and exoribonucleases, in order to form mature rRNAs. The nascent pre-rRNA associates with ribosomal proteins, small ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNP) and proteins called "non-ribosomal", leading to the assembly of an initial pre-90S particle. This particle is then split into pre-ribosomal pre-40S and pre-60S particles that follow independent maturation pathways leading to mature ribosomal 40S and 60S subunits. Synthesis of eukaryotic ribosomes requires the intervention of more than 200 non-ribosomal proteins that associate with pre-ribosomal particles and are absent from mature cytoplasmic ribosomes. Data obtained in collaboration suggest that five non-ribosomal proteins involved in the early maturation steps of the large ribosomal subunit Npa1p, Npa2p, Nop8p, Dbp6p and Rsa3p form a complex in the absence of ribosomal RNA. It would be the biggest and only known protein module required for the formation of ribosomal subunits. Nop8p contains a RNA binding domain and could tether the complex with pre-rRNA, and Dbp6p is a putative RNA helicase. Components of the complex may constitute regulators and / or Dbp6p targets. The objectives of my thesis were to determine whether Npa1p, Npa2p, Nop8p, Dbp6p and Rsa3p can form a complex outside the context of pre-ribosomes, characterize protein / protein interactions within the complex, and also to study its structure and function. During my thesis, I demonstrated that Nop8p, Dbp6p and Rsa3p are associated with 35S, 32S and 27SA2 pre-rRNAs, and are therefore constitutive of the same pre-ribosomal particles than Npa1p and Npa2p. Npa1p, Npa2p, Nop8p and Rsa3p can form a stable complex that exists once dissociated pre-ribosomal particles. Electron microscopic observation reveal two types of complexes. Furthermore, Dbp6p helicase can interact with this complex, but in a more labile fashion, since it is dissociated in presence of a high concentration of magnesium. Depletion experiments show that the absence of Nop8p does not prevent interactions with Npa1p, Npa2p and Rsa3p, and that the absence of Npa2p does not prevent interactions with Npa1p, Nop8p and Rsa3p. However, the absence of Npa1p strongly destabilizes the complex. Loss of expression of Dbp6p also affects the efficiency of co-precipitation of 35S, 32S and 27SA2 pre-rRNAs, but to a lesser extent. In parallel, we began a study of protein / protein interactions between members of the complex. Preliminary data suggest a direct interaction between Npa1p or Npa2p and Dbp6p, and Npa1p and Rsa3p. We also began conducting an in vitro study of Dbp6p that suggest it has a helicase activity. Finally, by CRAC analysis we show that Npa1p binds adjacent to large ribosomal protein Rpl3 on 25S rRNA, and could collaborate with it in local rRNA folding