Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grand glissement de terrain'
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Guérard, Catherine. "Les glissements de terrain dans la vallée de la rivière Malbaie : le cas du grand glissement de Clermont, Charlevoix-Est, Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29343/29343.pdf.
Full textHuber, Marius. "Dynamique des grands glissements de terrain rocheux, modélisation numérique et études de cas en Himalaya." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2024_0083_HUBER.pdf.
Full textLandslides are a common phenomenon on the Earth’s surface. They come in many forms as a wide range of environmental conditions determine the characteristics of slope failure. They are a threat to human society and play an important role in the denudation of hillslopes and thus in the evolution of the Earth's surface. Factors that precondition and prepare slopes to failure are diverse and include the characteristics of the failure material as well as external factors such as climate and seismicity. A conceptually coherent understanding of these factors is required to better assess landslides, especially their large representatives which occur with low frequency and activity rates, but are however critical in terms of natural hazards and development of reliefs. This PhD-thesis is focused on bedrock landslides, which are slope failures that occur in rock masses. In the first part of the thesis, two subtypes of bedrock landslides located in the Annapurna Massif of central Nepal are investigated: Giant rock avalanches (> 0,1 km3 failure volume) and non-catastrophic Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DSGSDs). Absolute dating techniques, including cosmogenic nuclide exposure measurements (10Be and 36Cl isotopes) and 14C carbon burial dating were used to determine the age and volumes of 3 giant rock avalanches and reconstruct the paleo- activity of a DSGSD. Our results indicate that the giant rock avalanches occurred predominantly at the end of Holocene periods with warmer and wetter climatic conditions, i.e. during the Early Holocene Climatic Optimum (EHCO) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). This highlights the role of climatic forcing on slope failure. We also identified a higher activity of the DSGSD at the end of the EHCO, further emphasizing the role of climatic forcing on slope destabilization. Besides their implications for natural hazards, our results offer new perspectives on mountain-scale erosion fluxes and landscape denudation in the region. In the second part of the thesis, a discrete element model is used to investigate how rock strength anisotropy affects the failure of a 1 000 m high slope with constant slope angle. After setting up the transverse isotropic material with the mechanical characteristics of a gneiss, the whole range of possible isotropy plane orientations with respect to the slope face is systematically explored in two dimensions (0 – 180°). Our results indicate that if the isotropy plane is slightly less inclined than the topographic slope (i.e. cataclinal overdip configuration), slope stability requires a material strength one order of magnitude higher than in a configuration where the isotropy plane is perpendicular to the slope (i.e. anaclinal configuration). Moreover, as expected from field observations, slope failure modes are directly constrained by the isotropy plane orientation: sliding is observed for cataclinal overdip slopes, buckling for cataclinal underdip slopes, toppling for anaclinal slopes with steeply dipping isotropy planes, and crumbling for anaclinal slopes with less steeply dipping isotropy planes. By analysing the south-facing slopes of the Annapurna Massif (Nepal), we were able to evidence the role of material anisotropy in landscape shaping in the area. The relative orientation of the anisotropy with respect to the topography is an important precondition of slope failure, controlling both the stability and the failure mode. The systematic investigation performed in this thesis contributes to slope stability analysis in general as well as to a better understanding of landscape shaping by slope failure. Our work highlights a diversity of critical slopes and landslide processes that depend on both internal factors (in this case, anisotropy) and external factors (tectono-climatic context)
Belle, Pierre. "Contribution des processus hydrologiques et hydrogéologiques aux glissements de terrain de grande ampleur : application au contexte tropical de la Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0022/document.
Full textThe landslide activity is commonly controlled by the variation of hydraulic head inside the instable mass. Thus, the hydrogeological study of landslides is an essential step to predict landslide dynamic, and for the remediation choices. However, the aquifers developed in landslide are generally complexes. Actually, the comprehension of landslide hydrogeological functioning is a major problematic, especially for the deep-seated landslides.Under humid tropical climate, the Salazie landslides (Reunion Island) allow to implement an interesting study to characterized deep-seated landslide hydrogeology and functioning. In this study, we performed a multidisciplinary approach, combining geology, hydrochemistry and numerical modeling (global and deterministic);The geological study allows the construction of the deep seated landslide geological model (Grand Ilet sector). The Grand Ilet landslide, corresponding to 175 Mm3, is the most active part of deep seated instability whose the total volume is estimated at 370 Mm3. The volcano-detritic lithologies (i.e basic breccia) constitute the main geological formation of the unstable mass. This breccia is a present-day reactivation of an old destabilization (> 350 Ma). Furthermore, the extensive deformation generated by the landslide activity allows the formation of decompressed zones.Inside breccias, a continuous aquifer is identified. Here, the groundwater flows are controlled by the geometry of the landslide base. Natural land cover, soils properties, unsaturated zone thickness and warm temperature limit the groundwater recharge. Only the intense rainfall episode (80 mm/event) can generated the recharge of landslide aquifer. During these events, rapid transfers circulating inside the decompressed zones have a significant effect on hydraulic charge variations. A slow component is infiltrated inside the porous medium of breccias.The inverse modeling methods with bimodal Gaussian-Exponential transfer function is applied to study the Salazie landslides dynamic. The results show that landslide speed variations are directly controlled by groundwater level variations during the hydrologic cycle (recharge and recession stage). Consequently, the inverse model is a powerful tool for predicting deep-seated landslide movements and for studying how they function
Binet, Stéphane. "L'HYDROCHIMIE, MARQUEUR DE L'ÉVOLUTION A LONG TERME DES VERSANTS MONTAGNEUX FRACTURÉS VERS DE GRANDS MOUVEMENTS DE TERRAINApplication à plusieurs échelles sur la haute vallée de la Tinée (Mercantour, France) et sur le versant de Rosone (Gran Paradiso, Italie)." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090307.
Full textmouvements de terrain met en évidence le rôle de l'eau comme facteur aggravant et déclencheur des instabilités
de versants. Les interactions à long terme eau / roche sont interprétées à partir de la composition chimique de
l'eau des sources, qui renseigne sur l'état d'altération du versant (facteur aggravant) et sur le passage des ondes
de crue dans le massif (facteur déclencheur).
Ainsi, l'hydrochimie permet de reconstituer les écoulements dans les versants instables. Une approche à
plusieurs échelles des relations entre les écoulements et les structures gravitaires, souligne le rôle de drain de ces
structures. Les comparaisons entre les sites permettent de discuter l'évolution à long terme des effets de l'eau sur
la déformation des milieux fracturés. Les mouvements gravitaires lents (basculement, effondrement)
décompriment le versant, favorisent l'infiltration des eaux de surface et provoquent l'apparition d'aquifères
perchés dans les secteurs décomprimés. Avec la déstabilisation, l'effet saisonnier des variations de pressions
d'eau diminue, mais l'influence de la charge, liée au volume d'eau infiltrée, augmente fortement. Cette charge
s'applique en partie haute du versant et peut déclencher une rupture.
De plus les équilibres hydrogéochimiques observés dans les zones stables sont rompus lorsque le massif est
soumis à une déformation. La dynamique de dissolution des sulfates évolue avec les déformations du massif.
Ainsi, l'hydrochimie enregistre les déformations actuelles, mêmes faibles, des versants et constitue un outil
performant pour la surveillance des zones instables.
Nini, Robert. "Cartographie de la susceptibilité aux "Grands Glissements de Terrain" au Liban." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0964.
Full textMany impressive landslides have recently occured Lebanon. A prediction based on the susceptibility mapping will be of such importance in order to reduce their damages. This work constitutes a first attempt of mapping the susceptibility of landslides in Lebanon by a method which is a compromise between the two known approaches: the expert method and the analytical method. A first data on these landslides and their permanent causes is presented based on the existing documents, investigations, and soil investigation campaign. These landslides will be analysed by Talren software in order to calculate their factor of safety against sliding. Our study is based on the analysis of different causal factors of these landslides, such the geomorphology, geology, hydrogeology, tectonic, soil, pluviometry, and vegetation. For each one, their ground model and sliding model will be evokated with their possible mecanism of failure. This study permits to map the critical modalities of different causal factors. The superposition of these maps of different factors will be beneficial to localize the zones presenting high risk of instability. The probabilistic approach will be applied on these cases by Phimeca software. The Phimeca results such the reliability index and the probability of failure permits to compare the safety factor obtained by Talren with these two values
Chang, Kuo-Jen. "Observation et simulation des grands glissements de terrain déclenchés par le séisme de Chi-Chi, Taïwan, 1999." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20171.
Full textRecorbet, Florence. "Caractérisation multi-méthodes des grands glissements de versants : application à la falaise de Cap Canaille." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30058.
Full textThis study combining dating based on in situ-produced cosmonuclides, paleomagnetic study and morphological characterization was conducted on two sites in the PACA region in order to understand the development of gravitary events and the associated risks. The morphology of Cap Canaille cliff suggests past mass collapses that yield to investigate the tsunami hazard associated with the fall of rock in the Mediterranean. The dating using in situ-produced 10Be and 36Cl evidenced a major event (estimated volume of 6 million m3) between 1500 and 2000 years leaving a large visible scar bordered on both sides with scars corresponding to gradual cliff dismantling. We note the presence of a red coral layer in the sedimentary deposits of a cave facing the cliff and whose death was dated in the same age range. Both events could either have been triggered simultaneously by an earthquake, or linked by a causal relationship, via the generation of a tsunami
Fruneau, Bénédicte. "Interferometrie differentielle d'images sar. Application au glissement de terrain de la clapiere." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077273.
Full textTano, Bekoin Françis Guillaume. "Etude analytique, numérique et expérimentale du comportement mécanique des systèmes géosynthétiques : application au cas des barrières de sécurité des extensions d'ISDND." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU053/document.
Full textGeosynthetics (GSYs) are polymeric materials that are used in engineering and environmental constructions to replace or in addition to natural materials. In landfills, GSYs are used as a lining system to prevent leachate infiltration into groundwater.Nowadays, the scarcity of suitable sites to establish new landfills leads more and more landfill owners to build new landfill cells over older ones. In such type of construction commonly called piggy-back landfill, a new GSY lining system is often implemented between old and new cells. However, in this specific configuration, the risk of translational instability of the construction is increased since the lining system involved several interfaces with low shear strength. Such instability is related to the failure of the various interfaces within the GSY lining system and hence to the sliding of GSY layers on each other. Moreover, the potential occurrence of differential settlements and / or localized collapses (cavity) which are related to the compressible nature of the waste within the old cell could tear (excessive tensile forces / strains) the GSY lining system under the overload of the new waste. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms controlling translational slip phenomena and deformation of GSYs is essential to ensure a proper design of such a project.In this context, this PhD thesis focused on better understanding of the mechanical behaviour of GSY systems and their interactions. The study was conducted using firstly a global analysis (large scale, all over the piggy-back landfill) of the lining system in terms of translational slips between the various GSYs. Secondly, this study investigated the integrity of the GSY lining system subjected to a cavity (small scale analysis).To achieve this goal, a multi-approaches investigation involving analytical study, numerical modelling and experimental study was performed.First, the analytical part focused on a comparative analysis based on ten methods used to assess the factor of safety of translational slip and on eight methods used for the design of GSY reinforcement over cavities. These comparative studies have not only assessed the differences between these methods, but also identified those best suited to be applied in the context of piggy-back landfills.Then, a rigorous method (MeRaMoG) that addressed the key aspects of the mechanical behaviour of GSYs and interfaces (e.g., the nonlinear axial stiffness of GSYs), was developed for the numerical modelling of multi-layered geosynthetic systems. Through MeRaMoG which was experimentally validated, the mechanisms controlling the translational slip and deformation of the geosynthetic lining system on side slopes and cavity were investigated.Finally, a new large-scale testing device (DEPGeC) was developed to assess the efficiency of a GSY reinforcement to bridge a cavity. The DEPGeC is a prototype that was used to simulate the mechanical behaviour of multi-layered GSY systems over a rectangular cavity and under a confining load of up to 100 kPa. Using the DEPGeC, the influence of the applied vertical load, the stiffness of the GSY reinforcement and a perfect anchorage on the deformations of GSY, was investigated
Binet, Stéphane. "L'Hydrochimie, marqueur de l'évolution à long terme des versants montagneux fracturés vers de grands mouvements de terrain : application à plusieurs échelles sur la haute vallée de la Tinée (Mercantour, France) et sur le versant de Rosone (Gran Paradiso, Italie)." Besançon, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090307.
Full textIn fractured media, the factors that make evolve a stable fractured media towards a landslide highlight the water effect as an aggravating and a triggering factor of slope instabilities. Long term water effect on stability is studied from spring water chemistry, which gives data about the weathering state in the slope (aggravating factor of the instability) and about infiltration event in the massif (triggering factor). Thus, hydrochemistry enables to propose a conceptual model of flow in unstable slope. A multi scale approach, in two alpine valleys, of relations between the flows and the instability structures highlights the draining role of these structures. Slopes comparison enables to discuss the long term evolution of the effect between water seepages and slope destabilization. Slow movements (toppling, sagging and creep) decompress the upper part of the slope, increase the infiltrated water volumes and create perched aquifers in the decompressed areas. With the destabilization, the water / deformation coupling evolves, from high water pressure effect in low storative fractures to a water high charging effect in the high storative zone, in the upper part of the slope, and can initiate a rupture. Hydrogeochemical equilibrium, observed in stable slope, is modified by large landslide crisis. Thus, sulfate dissolution evolves with active deformation of the slope. This observation enables to demonstrate the possibility to use hydrochemistry to monitor unstable slopes that can record slow deformation in the slope. Key words: Landslide, hydromechanics, hydrochemistry, sulfate, perched aquifer
Ouehb, Lyes. "Analyse du glissement de Saint-Liguori (1989) : dans l'optique d'une rupture progressive." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24554/24554.pdf.
Full textCôté, Mélanie. "Dynamique d’un glissement de terrain et la reconstruction de sa chronologie près de la ville de Fort McPherson, Territoires du Nord-Ouest." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20086.
Full textCharlety, Arthur. "Suivi de glissement de terrains par localisation de tags RFID en environnement extérieur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU010.
Full textLandslides represent a major natural hazard for our society. In the time of continuous urbanization and more frequent climate extremes, monitoring landslides is a major lever for natural risk reduction. In this context, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is used nowadays as a promising low-cost landslide monitoring tool, through the localization of moving RFID tags. This doctoral work presents diverse processing approaches for long-term outdoor RFID data, notably devoted to improving the stability of phase measurements. Signal processing methods are developped, both deterministic and bayesian (Kalman filter), in order to exploit data redundancy and complementarity.2D and 3D localization is studied in terms of sensibility to system geometry, then demonstrated with a centimeter accuracy. Metric displacement are confirmed on the instrumented sector.The year-long RFID data provide insights on the kinematics of the Harmalière landslide (France), shedding light on a scarp retrogression and changes in surface behavior on different zones of the instrumented sector. Coupled to hydrological and ambient-noise seismic observations, displacement measurement allows for an interpretation of the seasonal behavior the Harmalière landslide.Finally, the ability to localize tags with airborne antennas is studied. Synthetic Aperture Radar localization is demonstrated using a real-time RFID an GPS measurement setup. Localization under snow and vegetation cover yields an accuracy below 10~cm, whereas free-space localization provides a centimeter accuracy. The Markov-Chain Monte Carlo statistical optimisation method is exploited in order to characterize the localization results, with several advantages compared to classical methods.The signal processing concepts and the radio-frequency challenges show similarities with GPS processing. The advances of this work open new perspectives of low-cost applications in monitoring and auscultating landslide hazards
Delorme, Jérémie. "Éléments de toponymie générale : du Grand-Bornand à Passamainty, terrain de longue durée et enquêtes contrastives en terrain varié dans les domaines roman, polynésien, basque et bantu." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040072.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to contribute to an improvement of the knowledge of toponyms. Its basic assumption is that the recent and present day toponymical approaches can be improved. Implementing it calls for a reflection on the methods and theories of toponymy with the aim of conceptualizing and generalising subject to conditions of scientific coherence and rigour. It relies on several essential principles. They are: i- to make toponymy obey the methods and theories of general linguistics; ii- to give a primacy to orality, to observable synchronies and to native speakers’ standpoints, and thus make toponymy adequate to its object of study of toponymical phenomena, as a social and field science; iii- to rely on a long experience with the informants and the fieldwork; iv- to rely on a progressive analysis. In the progressive analysis developed here, toponymical phenomena are addressed in an increasing order of complexity through three major issues that include establishing oral toponymic corpuses in a first step, exploring in depth the places that are referred to by the toponyms in a second step, and the study of toponymic formations in a final step. This final step goes against the toponymic literature which relies mainly on etymologization. This research is mainly based on a practical experience of a Francoprovençal ground and is checked through contrasting it with East Futunan, Basque, and Comorian toponymies taken as specific test-toponymies
Van, Der Burg Jan. "Contrôle de la dynamique longitudinale d'un véhicule autonome et articulé sur terrain 3D de surface variable." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066243.
Full textWeber, Dominique. "Contribution de la geomorphologie a la connaissance des mouvements de terrain dans les "terres noires" alpines : le glissement-coulee de super-sauze (alpes de haute-provence, france)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GE03.
Full textVidal, Jean-Claude. "Les notions de mélange et de délapsion : contribution à l’étude des corps rocheux à structure chaotique et des phénomènes gravitationnels : application, la structure et l’évolution de la chaîne rifaine et de l’ensemble ibéro-maghrébin." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112261.
Full textFiolleau, Sylvain. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation d'un glissement-coulée par une approche multi-méthodes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU025.
Full textGround movements affecting clay materials constitute a major risk to infrastructure and populations, with sudden episodes of reactivation that can lead to rapid movements (flow type). This thesis work is interested in understanding the different mechanisms of reactivation and deformation in a landslide of this type, by studying mass transfers in a material with a solid behavior at the top of the landslide and a fluid behavior at the toe. The study site is the Harmalière landslide (Trièves, French Alps), consisting of glaciolacustrine clays. Since the major event of March 1981 which took away 45 ha, this landslide has undergone numerous retrogression episodes with an average rate of 4 m/year at the headscarp and mass transfers of several million m3. The study was based on a multi-method approach, combining remote sensing (satellite images, LiDAR, GNSS, UAV), geophysical and mechanical techniques. In a first part, an analysis of the various recent events (from 2016) made it possible to describe and quantify the various mass transfers during reactivations. In a second part, a more detailed study of the reactivations at the head of the landslide was carried out. First, a study of the seismic background noise recorded continuously during the 4 months preceding the rupture of a clay blockat the headscarp was carried out. Five seismic parameters were monitored (cumulative number of events, seismic energy, resonance frequency, Rayleigh wave velocity variations and associated correlation coefficient). All these parameters showed a precursor signal prior to the rupture. Then, a preliminary study focuses on the evolution of the mechanical properties of a low mechanical strength layer close to the headscarp. In a third part, the degradation mechanisms of the material leading to flow type behavior were explored using a mechanical approach and UAV imaging. The mechanical approach allowed to study the evolution of the geotechnical properties of the clayey material in the landslide. UAV imaging was used to follow the evolution of the clay blocks at the head of the landslide and to quantify the degradation rate of the material
Nguyen, Anh Tuan. "Mesure du champ de déplacement associé aux glissements de terrain par des études combinées de corrélation optique et de mesures in situ sur un exemple remarquable : le glissement Tena (Espagne)." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2166/.
Full textThis thesis presents the results of a study on landslides focused on the causes and triggers of landsliding in the case of mega-landslides (>1km3), and on the methods of observation and analyses of displacement in the case of the Tena landslide in the north of the Spanish Pyrenees, this in the context of the European project DOSMS SUDOE. The first chapter includes a general introduction with a presentation of geological, geomorphologic and climatic characteristics of the study area. Chapter 2 is an introduction to the different types of landslides and their classification, followed by a presentation and a discussion of static and dynamic slope-stability analyses in case of earthquake shaking. These methods are then applied to the case of continental mega-landslides which are all but one pre-historic with ages ranging from 3. 5 Ma to 9 ky BP. This study shows that accurately oriented pre-existing discontinuities are necessary to landsliding in hard rocks. With such discontinuities being present, mega-landslides may have formed with no help of seismic shaking. Shallow-sloping mega-landslides in soft rocks require in any case high to very high magnitude earthquakes. Another major result is that the attenuation relationships for the Arias intensity established in moderate/high magnitude domains are not applicable to very high magnitude domains. Consequently, mega-landslides can hardly be used as paleomagnitude indicators. Chapter 3 is an introduction to the different in situ methods used in the case of the Tena landslide, including extensometer and inclinometer monitoring carried out in collaboration with the University of Oviedo, and DGPS measurements performed between 2009 and 2011. Chapter 4 deals with the remote sensing methods used at Tena, which are RADAR interferometry and optical correlation of aerial photographs. . Chapter 5 presents the results of in situ and remote sensing analyses. When combined, these data enable us to propose a model of multi-layer sliding. As a conclusion, chapter 6 emphasizes the use of low cost remote sensing methods as a complement of, or before to, in situ measurements. Finally, the use of remote sensing methods for studying other types of land motion such as doline-induced subsidence in karstic areas or shrinkand-swell phenomena is envisaged
Jeandet, Louise. "Modélisation numérique des liens entre séismes et glissements de terrain au cours du cycle sismique : processus déclencheurs, distributions de tailles et implications géologiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B063/document.
Full textInteractions between tectonic processes and erosion have been poorly investigated at short time-scales (<1000 years). However, earthquakes can largely contribute to the erosion of mountain belts by triggering widespread landsliding. Moreover, recent studies have shown that such large erosional events could induce stress changes in the fault environment efficient enough to influence regional seismicity. In this thesis, this problematic is tackled through a numerical approach. Firstly, the development of a simple mechanical model accounting for the complexity and variability of natural hillslopes allowed to demonstrate the role of mechanical parameters (cohesion and friction), and of hillslope shape in the probability density function of landslide sizes. This model has been validated using natural cases of co-seismic landsliding. Secondly, the role of unstable hillslope height on large landslide probability has been demonstrated based on natural data, and the exponential distribution of this unstable height has ben shown. Finally, the potential effect of a large erosional event on seismicity has been explored with a numerical model of seismic cycle, in which has been implemented temporal normal stress variations. The results emphasize the role of eroded sediment volume, but also of the export time of sediments away from the mountain belt. In landscape with high unstable hillslopes, large landslides are favored and in turn, could induce fast an important enough erosion to modify regional seismicity
Le, Breton Mathieu. "Suivi temporel d'un glissement de terrain à l'aide d'étiquettes RFID passives, couplé à l'observation de pluviométrie et de bruit sismique ambiant." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU013.
Full textLandslide early-warning systems are based primarily on monitoring the displacement of the landslide. This work develops a new technique for monitoring these displacements, using radio-frequency identification (RFID) passive tags and phase-based location technique. This technique is deployed for the first time outdoors and for several months. Outdoor conditions revealed strong environmental influences due to temperature variations, moisture, snow and vegetation. These can cause a ±20 cm measurement uncertainty over a year, which is too large for landslide monitoring applications. The correction of these effects allows reaching the accuracy of ±1 cm under normal conditions, ±8 cm with snow and ±4 cm with dense high grass. The remaining effects due to snow and grass are explained by the influence of this material on the direct propagation, on the multipath interferences and on the antennas. This measurement system has been deployed on the Pont-Bourquin landslide for five months. The results validate the technique for landslide monitoring applications. The technique also shows the operational benefits of robustness to bad weather, easy maintenance and low-cost material, compared to conventional techniques (extensometer, GPS, total station).This thesis then studies two complementary monitoring methods that had recently been shown to provide precursors to landslide rupture. First, ambient seismic noise interferometry is used to detect a drop of shear-wave velocity prior to a rupture. The seismic method was studied in the literature to identify what must be developed to use this technique in an operational early-warning system. It requires getting rid of daily and seasonal environmental influences, choosing the processing parameters appropriate to the monitored landslide, and improving the temporal resolution below one day while keeping a stable enough signal. The other method consists of inverting an impulse response between rainfall and displacement rate, with a high resolution. It can shed light on complex infiltration processes (e.g. infiltration with two different delays at Pont-Bourquin) and detect their abnormal evolution across time. These developments should improve landslide operational monitoring with a low budget
Gratien, Virginia. "Du « Grand Renferment » au Grand Débarquement : analyse discursive du glissement de la psychiatrie vers la santé mentale à travers l’étude des représentations du « fou », du « malade mental » et du « dépressif »." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2036.
Full textEmbedded in the field of Information and Communication Sciences, making use of Michel Foucault’s influential work on Discourse and “Power/Knowledge”, this PhD research calls into question the political, social and media treatment of mental disorders which has been renewed by the switch from Psychiatry to Mental Health. The advent of the “mental-health user – citizen”, which can only occur through a new discursive path, needs to take into account the legacy of social representations that affect people living with a mental health condition. This PhD research has elaborated an a posteriori pluri-methodology for the study of social representations of the “Mad”, the “Mentally-ill” and the “Depressed”. Its aim is to examine the hypothesis of a new intelligibility of “madness” through a constructive comparison between the results of a public health survey called “Mental Health in the General Population : images and realities” and the findings of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of three hundred press articles published in the French newspaper Le Monde in either 2005 or 2015. Even if the public health survey results conclude that the “Mad” is confined in the Otherness held back by the Psychiatric “Power/Knowledge” – de facto establishing a close relation with the “Mentally-ill”, the media analysis reveals that “madness” can be an accepted even claimed identity insofar as the medical control and the Psychiatric “Power/Knowledge” ascendency fade away. Thereby, Mental Health can be considered as a new area to which this PhD research gives the name of The Great Landing as to underline that it should be analysed as the antithesis of Michel Foucault’s historical and well-known “Great Confinement”
Lord, Pierre-Étienne. "Analyse des déplacements du glissement rocheux de Gascons, Gaspésie, Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28547/28547.pdf.
Full textRached, Wissam. "Etude et conception des pompes à chaleurs air/eau utilisant des mélanges à grand glissement de température et à faible GWP." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1205.
Full textThis research has led to a series of results related to the use of refrigerant blends in heat pump systems. First, after a review of existing methods showing some of their limitations, an in-situ measurement method of mixture circulation composition has been elaborated and can be used for all kind of mixtures. Second, the effect of the circulation composition variation on heat pump system performances and possible capacity control is thoroughly investigated. Third, new mixtures with low GWP and permitting a safe use have been analyzed. Fourth, a steady state heat pump model is elaborated and mixture properties routines (Thermoblend) have been incorporated to simulate heat pump operations with large temperature glide mixtures. Circulation composition and composition effect on the system capacity and performances are analyzed. A new Staged Evaporation and Enhanced Sub-Cooling (SEESC) heat pump system has been designed taking into account the high temperature glide and composition effect. A separation process permits to control the circulation composition. The new system is tested for two different mixtures, and results are compared to classical R-407C heat pump system
Lopez, Saez Jérôme. "Reconstruction de l'activité des glissements de terrain au moyen d'une approche dendrogéomorphologique (Moyenne vallée de l'Ubaye, Alpes de Haute Provence)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU048/document.
Full textLandslides constitute a common mass movement process and a widespread hazard in mountain where they cause damage and destruction to settlements, transportation corridors, or even lead to the loss of life. A major obstacle for the knowledge of past landslide activity is the lack of historical data with satisfying spatial resolution over medium to long timescales and on a continuous basis. In wooded shallow landslides, the use of tree rings may greatly help the documentation of past events and may allow reconstruction of precise chronologies of landslide reactivations over considerable periods of the past. 13 wooded shallow landslides located in the Ubaye valley were analysed using dendrogeomorphic approach. This method enhances the historical chronicles. It permits to quantify return periods of landslide reactivations and to improve our knowledge concerning the spatial behaviour of the process. Coupled with a statistical approach based on a Poisson probabilistic model, it permits to quantify and to map the probability of landslide reactivations. Finally, the coincidence between landslide reactivations and extreme precipitation was examined in order to improve existing threshold values for the triggering of major landslides in the French Alps
Cloutier, Catherine. "Évaluation du comportement cinétique et du risque associé aux glissements de terrain rocheux actifs à l'aide de mesures de surveillance : le cas du glissement de Gascons, Gaspésie, Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30635/30635.pdf.
Full textAn active rockslide threatens the integrity of the single railway connecting the town of Gaspé to the rest of Quebec. A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling this instability is needed to increase the safety of this section of the track. An instrumentation system was set up in 2009 to characterize the rockslide, describe its kinematic behaviour, propose failure scenarios and assess the risk. This thesis presents three papers covering these aspects. This document is also meant to share knowledge on the instrumentation of a very slow rockslide, and the contribution of these instruments to an early warning system of a potentially dangerous event. The Gascons slide is a 410 000 m³ asymmetrical wedge failure. It slides on the bedding of the sedimentary Formation of Anse-à-Pierre Loiselle, which is a transition unit mostly made up of nodulous calcilutite. The slide is divided into blocks by the study of lineaments and fractures and intermediate sliding surfaces are identified. In-situ monitoring, coupled with satellite monitoring, shows displacements varying from 6 to 111 mm/yr across different sectors. The slide is sensitive to environmental forces, such as groundwater level variations, but the interactions are complex. The water table is generally right below the sliding surface, but rainfall and snowmelt increase groundwater pressure, and the equivalent water level is then above the sliding surface in the uphill part of the slide. A quantitative risk analysis is carried out by adapting a methodology proposed by Fell et al. (2005). Failure scenarios are determined and the domino effect of a partial collapse event is evaluated by constructing an event tree, which enables the determination of relative probabilities. The concept of minimum temporal spatial probability without forecasting is defined to characterize the minimal risk associated with an active slide without predicting the rupture. Finally, this work contributes to improving the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms associated with the post-failure stage, for example the role of water in the progression of an active instability.
Marti, Nicolas. "Effets de la fréquence et de la température sur les mécanismes de microplasticité en fatigue à grand et très grand nombre de cycles." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0041/document.
Full textNowadays there is a growing demand for the development of fast and robust fatigue life prediction methods in the very high cycle fatigue domain. In this way, ultrasonic fatigue technique which appeared in 1950 is very interesting for manufacturers. Because the typical frequency of these tests is 20 kHz, this technique is efficient to perform tests up to a very high number of cycles in a reasonable time (109 cycles are reached in 14 h). However, the frequency domain of these fatigue tests facilities raises the issue of the effect of frequency and more generally the validity of the obtained results for estimating fatigue life of structures loaded at frequencies three or four order of magnitude below ultrasonic frequencies. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the loading frequency on the precursors of fatigue damage, namely the microplasticity at the grain scale. This thesis work deals with the case of polycrystalline pure copper loaded in fully reversed tensioncompression. To show the effect of frequency, the Wöhler or S-N curves were constructed at different frequencies. Then, the study focused on the mechanisms of microplasticity preceding crack initiation and several criteria were investigated: the morphologies of the slip bands and their locations in the microstructure, the thresholds of appearance of the slip bands, the evolution of the slip bands amount with the number of cycles, the distribution of the microplasticity in the grains, the dissipated energy during a fatigue cycle. Cross slip and vacancies production and diffusion are two mechanisms which play a part in the formation of slip bands and extrusions in surface. Their respective roles on the effects of frequency observed are discussed
Bouissou, Stéphane. "Approche de l'instabilité sismique par l'analyse du glissement saccadé avec un analogue de roche (PMMA)." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20079.
Full textChen, Rou-Fei. "Néotectonique et géomorphologie de la déformation frontale de l'Ouest de Taiwan." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066527.
Full textNaaim, Mohamed. "Modélisation numérique des effets hydrodynamiques provoqués par un glissement solide dans une retenue." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10034.
Full textBollot, Nicolas. "Les mouvements de terrain du vignoble champenois : approche géomorphologique et hydrologique." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML006/document.
Full textThe numerous mass movements affecting the Champagne vineyards slopes cause expensive damages. However, triggering factors are still unknown. Using a multidisciplinary methodology, this research aims to understand the origin and the behavior of these instabilities. At a regional scale, two major groups are distinguished and show the importance of the geological structure on the geomorphological dynamics. Northwards, valleyside cambering of pre-Saalian age predominates. It took place during ana and/or cataglacial phase. Southwards, in the Marne valley and its tributaries area, 264 landslides, most of them dating from Tardiglacial period, are inventoried. At the watershed scale, areas with a high quantity of landslides correspond to the sectors of high hydrological yields. In return, the presence of landslides alters the spatial distribution of springs: deepest landslides constitute a semi-permeable cover leading to semi-confined aquifers. At the local scale, geophysical and piezometric investigations make it possible to model the hydrogeological relationship between superficial formations and substratum. It appears that landslides structure is heterogeneous, that the circulation of water is limited and slow in the landslide, and that the exchanges with substratum occur along the shear plan. Under these conditions, the influence of climatic factors on the current reactivations is both indirect and weak
Cheveau, Loïc. "Approche phonologique, morphologique et syntaxique du breton du Grand Lorient (bas-vannetais)." Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189941/fr/.
Full textThis work is a structural description of the phonology, morphology and syntax of Lower Vannetais Breton dialect in Greater Lorient. Our study is based on a corpus of about forty hours of recorded conversations with 19 Breton native speakers who were born in the communes of Lorient, Caudan, Ploemeur, Quéven or Guidel. We got a part of these recordings from Radio-Bro-Gwened, and we have done the other part, during several field surveys. This dialect has never been studied in detail so far : the only information can be found in the linguistic atlases. First of all we have studied the phonology of the dialect through an inventory of its phonemes. Then we have looked into the phonological alternations, so to say the initial mutations. Lorient area Breton has a mutation system that is far more complex and extended than the other Celtic languages in general. In morphology we have noticed that the direct object pronouns were classified in four different series, according to the form of the verb that goes with them, which is a typological rarity. Verbal morphology has also many differences in comparison with the other Breton dialects. Finally we have tried to describe the main aspects of the syntax of this dialect, emphasizing the verb ‘to be’ and the complex structures (complementation, relativisation). As a conclusion, we have put the stress on the fact that linguistic recording campaigns are very urgent in Breton-speaking Brittany, in regard to the age of the majority of Breton native speakers, and to the extent of the work that has still to be done
Mainsant, Guenolé. "Variation de la vitesse des ondes de cisaillement lors de la transition solide-liquide au sein des argiles. Application aux glissements de terrain." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU005/document.
Full textLandslides affect many clay slopes in the world and regularly threaten people in urban areas mountainous. These landslides are characterized by a slow velocity but they may suddenly liquefy and accelerate unexpectedly. The solid-liquid transition on the clay has been studied of Trièves region (French Alps) using rheological experiments. They have shown the yield stress thixotropic behavior with a viscosity bifurcation which can explain the catastrophic fluidization observed in the field. This loss of material stiffness can be followed by a drop in the shear wave velocity (Vs). Inclined plane test and field experiments (Pont-Bourquin landslides in Switzerland) have both shown a precursor drop of Vs indicating that it could be a good proxy for monitoring unstable clay slope
Gay, Olivier. "Modélisation physique et numérique de l'action d'un glissement lent sur des fondations d'ouvrages d'art." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10067.
Full textPollet, Nicolas. "Mouvements gravitaires rapides de grandes masses rocheuses : Apports des observations de terrain à la compréhension des processus de propagation et dépôt : Application aux cas de La Madeleine (Savoie, France), Flims (Grisons, Suisse) et Kofels(Tyrol, Autriche)." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000820.
Full textPoiraud, Alexandre. "Les glissements de terrain dans le bassin tertiaire volcanisé du Puy-en-Velay (Massif central, France) : caractérisation, facteurs de contrôle et cartographie de l’aléa." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20014/document.
Full textAssier, Rzadkiewicz Sandrine. "Etudes numériques et expérimentales d'un glissement de sédiments le long d'une pente sous-marine et des vagues générées." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20024.
Full textSlimi, Ahmed. "Mouvements de terrain et ravinements dans le bassin supérieur de l’Oued Djemaa (versant sud du Djurdjura, Algérie)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0066.
Full textThe upper basin of the oued Djemaa which includes to the mountain of Djurdjura is affected by an important morphogenesis. The ground movements introduces a large variety in the study area and play a preponderant role in the evolution of mountainsides. The geomorphology detailed study an investigation into the local populations, geotechtonic and analyses it sedimentology of displaced trainings allows us to do ground typology movement and to chow theire development factors and their location. The big rainfalls of winter and sprinter are the origin of these ground movements and gully erosions, but exposition and lithology allow to understand different forms on northern and southern slope. Human activities play more and more an important role in morphogenesis acceleration. In this study, a geographical information system has been used to provide degradation maps of risks of which are tools for planning and management of soil using in the upper basin of the oued Djemaa. He allows to cross vulnerability witch vagary. The result of these crossroads which we codified results in a total map of risk levels
Lissak, Candide. "Les glissements de terrain des versants côtiers du Pays d'Auge (Calvados) : Morphologie, fonctionnement et gestion du risque." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781940.
Full textMichellier, Caroline. "Contribuer à la prévention des risques d'origine géologique :l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité des populations dans un contexte de rareté de données. Les cas de Goma et Bukavu (RDCongo)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/257755.
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Lopez-saez, Jerome. "Reconstruction de l'activité des glissements de terrain au moyen d'une approche dendrogéomorphologique (Moyenne vallée de l'Ubaye, Alpes de Haute Provence)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716338.
Full textBlanche, Antoine. "Effets dissipatifs en fatigue à grand et très grand nombre de cycles." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784772.
Full textKrid, Mohamed Larbi. "Commande en suivi de chemin et en roulis des robots mobiles rapides en présence de glissements et d'instabilités." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831602.
Full textPoiraud, Alexandre. "Les glissements de terrain dans le bassin tertiaire volcanisé du Puy-en-Velay (Massif central, France) : caractérisation, facteurs de contrôle et cartographie de l'aléa." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869937.
Full textRobbe-Saule, Manon. "Modélisation expérimentale de génération de tsunami par effondrement granulaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS497/document.
Full textVarious past geological events have shown that landslides near coastlines, involving volumes from a few thousand cubic meters to several cubic kilometers, can lead to tsunami waves with significant amplitude. The generated wave and the collapse both represent an important hazard for the population and infrastructure located on or near the coast. Realistic modeling requires considering the granular nature of landslides. Here, we developed a new set of small-scale laboratory experiments to investigate in detail the wave generated by the collapse of an aerial granular column into water. An entire set of parameters are tested: (1) the falling granular mass (height, volume, aspect ratio, grain size and density), (2) the water layer height and (3) the geometrical configuration (horizontal or inclined plane). From quasi-bidimensional experiments in a rectangular channel we record both the time evolution of the granular collapse and of the generated wave. We show that the wave generation process is driven by the collective dynamics of the granular collapse at the water free surface. We identify a clear linear dependence between the relative wave amplitude and a Froude number defined as the ratio of the granular front velocity and the solitary wave velocity. The wave amplitude reaches its maximum value at an intermediate water depth. The total energy transfer shows that only a few percent of the initial potential energy of the column is transferred to the wave, suggesting a considerable energy loss in the granular collapse itself. Finally, we highlight the low influence diameter and density of the falling grain in the generation of the wave. This suggests that the mass of the collapse is of low importance compared to its volume. Another interesting result is the linear dependence of the relative wave amplitude with the relative immersed volume of the final deposit. This allows us to estimate the wave amplitude generated by past or potential events in Nature. Despite the various scales and geometries of these natural events, and the uncertainty of the data, our empirical law, from our small-scale experiment, predicts waves similar to other numerical or experimental models
Tonnellier, Alice. "Ecoute sismique des glissements de terrain dans les roches argilo-marneuses : détection et identification des sources intervenant dans la progression des glissements." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873617.
Full textPollet, Nicolas. "Mouvements gravitaires rapides de grandes masses rocheuses: Apports des observations de terrain à la compréhension des processus de propagation et dépôt. Application aux cas de La Madeleine (Savoie, France), Flims (Grisons, Suisse) et Köfels (Tyrol, Autriche)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000820.
Full textBeckers, Arnaud. "Late quaternary sedimentation in the western gulf of Corinth : interplay between tectonic deformation, seismicity, and eustatic changes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS046/document.
Full textThe Corinth Rift, in Greece, is a young and active continental rift stretching between Continental Greece and the Peloponnese. The most active part of the rift, where the subsidence has been the highest during the Late Quaternary, has been covered by the sea and forms the Gulf of Corinth. This area is prone to natural hazards, including frequent large earthquakes, tsunamis and coastal landslides. The present thesis is dedicated to the study of these processes at the western tip of the Gulf, where the earthquake hazard, in particular, is considered as very high. We have investigated the Quaternary sediments below the Gulf of Corinth floor, through seismic reflection profiling and gravity coring. First, 22 large mass transport deposits were discovered. Their estimated volumes range from 106 to 109 m3. Large mass wasting events occurred in six stratigraphic intervals, four attributed to the Holocene and two attributed to the Upper Pleistocene. Among possible preconditioning factors and triggers, the likely influence of the sediment supply is highlighted. Then, an accurate map of offshore faults is presented. The map highlights for the first time significant strike-slip component in the offshore Corinth Rift, in addition to the dominant normal strain. Three phases are proposed for the Late Quaternary tectono-sedimentary evolution of the area. During these phases, the strain was suggested to migrate northward, driving the progressive deactivation of the large south-dipping faults that controlled the subsidence in an earlier phase of the rifting. Based on the sediment cores, sedimentary events triggered by large historical earthquakes in the last 3 centuries have been looked for. The best fit between the age of the identified event deposits and large historical earthquakes is observed in the deep basin. Finally, four longer cores retrieved in this area reveal specific spatial and temporal patterns of slope failures for the last 500-1000 yr. Such pattern is interpreted as resulting primarily from changes in the frequency of strong earthquakes. From these data, a period of seismic quiescence may have occurred between ~1740 and ~1890 AD in the west of the study area, while eastward, seismic quiescence would have occurred earlier, between ~1500 and ~1700 AD
Mainsant, Guenole. "Variation de la vitesse des ondes de cisaillement lors de la transition solide-liquide au sein des argiles. Application aux glissements de terrain." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934433.
Full textLucas, Antoine. "Dynamique des instabilités gravitaires par modélisation et télédétection : applications aux exemples martiens." Phd thesis, Institut de physique du globe de paris - IPGP, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00503212.
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