Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Granati'
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LIBERATO. "Stratigraphic, sedimentological and provenance study on the Permian-Triassic sequences of southern Gondwana: comparison between Victoria Land (Antarctica) and Tasmania and paleoenvironmental implications." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1118448.
Full textKörner, Timo H. "Integration magnetooptisch aktiver Granate auf Nicht-Granat-Substraten." kostenfrei, 2008. http://d-nb.info/996081119/34.
Full textVesely, Avaria Valentina. "Prospección de raleadores químicos en granado (Punica granatum L.)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151254.
Full textLa prolongada floración del granado tiene como consecuencia una marcada heterogeneidad en el estado de desarrollo de los frutos al momento de la cosecha, lo cual implica que un alto porcentaje de ellos no llega a madurez. Este hecho evidencia la necesidad de raleo de frutos en los huertos de granado, práctica que, en la actualidad, se realiza de forma manual. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar diferentes reguladores de crecimiento como posibles raleadores químicos de flores y/o frutos de granado. Con este fin se realizaron cinco ensayos en un huerto comercial de granados de la variedad Wonderful ubicado en la Región Metropolitana, que consistió en la evaluación de cinco productos químicos, en cinco concentraciones diferentes cada uno: ácido naftalenacético (ANA), en un rango de concentraciones entre 0 y 40 mg L-1; ethephon (ET), en un rango de concentraciones entre 0 y 400 mg L-1; benciladenina (BA), en concentraciones entre 0 y 400 mg L-1; ácido giberélico (AG), en concentraciones entre 0 y 100 mg L-1; y aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG), en un rango de concentraciones entre 0 y 200 mg L-1. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones del producto químico con un lapso de dos semanas entre ellas, comenzando la tercera semana de enero. Se evaluó la dinámica de caída de flores y frutos durante las seis semanas siguientes a la primera aplicación. En la cosecha se recolectó toda la fruta presente en el árbol, clasificando cada fruto según cobertura externa de color, cohorte de floración a partir de la cual se desarrolló y peso fresco. Los ensayos se analizaron mediante correlaciones y regresiones. El ET fue el único producto evaluado que presentó efecto raleador, disminuyendo la proporción de frutos de la segunda y tercera cohorte de floración. Adicionalmente, el ET incrementó el color de los frutos y redujo el peso fresco de los frutos de la primera cohorte de floración.
Foster, Pedro Luiz Luppi [UNESP]. "Geologia e petrologia do Maciço Palanqueta, Mina Bom Futuro, Rondônia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144675.
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Topázio granitos são rochas ácidas ultrafracionadas que ocorrem sob a forma de stocks, cúpolas ou diques em suítes graníticas pós-orogênicas ou anarogênicas, e são caracterizadas por seu enriquecimento extremo em flúor, associação com elementos litófilos e relação direta com muitos depósitos primários de metais raros (ex. Sn, W, Ta e Nb) encontrados pelo mundo. A mina Bom Futuro localiza-se no município de Ariquemes, região centro-norte de Rondônia, e é umas das maiores produtoras de estanho do país e congrega dois morros contíguos denominados Bom Futuro e Palanqueta, este último sendo o representante em superfície do Maciço Palanqueta. No Maciço Palanqueta são reconhecidas 5 fácies graníticas, sendo 4 delas topázio granitos: biotita-álcali-feldspato-granito equigranular, topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito equigranular, topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito porfirítico, topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito pórfiro e topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito miarolítico, além de diques de aplito, veios de pegmatito e veios e pipes de greisen mineralizados em cassiterita. Os veios pegmatíticos encontram-se cortando os diques de aplito e estes as demais fácies graníticas. As relações de contato entre as fácies graníticas é brusca, mas só é identificada relação de idade entre as fácies topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito porfirítico e topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito pórfiro. As características de campo, petrográficas e geoquímicas do Maciço Palanqueta permitem classifica-lo como um maciço granítico multifásico, intraplaca, tipo A e integrante peraluminoso da Suíte Granitos Últimos de Rondônia. Apesar de cronologicamente correlatos a seguinte ordem para a colocação das fácies graníticas é proposta: biotita-álcali-feldspato-granito equigranular topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito equigranular topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito porfirítico topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito miarolítico topázio-zinnwaldita-álcali-feldspato-granito pórfiro. O Maciço Palanqueta ainda não possui seus limites físicos definidos, bem como sua variação faciológica em seção, o que implica na possibilidade de potencial metalogenético em profundidade, em acordo com outros exemplos de topázio granitos encontrados na literatura.
Topaz granites are acidic ultrafracionated rocks that occur in the form of stocks, domes or dykes in granitic post-orogenic or anarogenic suites, and are characterized by their extreme enrichment in fluorine, association with lithophile elements and direct relationship with many primary deposits of rare metals (eg. Sn, W, Ta and Nb) found around the world. The Bom Futuro mine is located in the county of Ariquemes, north-central region of Rondonia State, and is one of the largest tin producer in the country and brings together two adjacent hills called Bom Futuro and Palanqueta, the last one being the representative surface of the Palanqueta massif. At the Palanqueta massif are recognized 5 granitic facies, 4 of them of topaz granites: equigranular biotite-alkali-feldspar granite, equigranular topaz-zinnwaldita-alkali-feldspar granite, porphyritic topaz-zinnwaldita-alkali-feldspar granite, porphyry topaz-zinnwaldita- alkali-feldspar granite and miarolitic topaz-zinnwaldita-alkali-feldspar granite, and aplite dikes, pegmatitic veins and veins and pipes of greisen mineralized in cassiterite. The pegmatite veins are cutting the aplite dykes and these all the other granitic facies. The contact relationships between the granitic facies is abrupt, but age relationship are only identified between the porphyritic topaz-zinnwaldita-alkali-feldspar granite and porphyry topaz-zinnwaldita-alkali-feldspar granite facies. The field, petrographic and geochemical data of Palanqueta massif allow classifies it as a within plate, A type, peraluminous. multifacies granitic massif, and member of the Younger Granites of Rondonia Suite. Although chronologically related the following order for placement of the granitic facies is proposed: biotite alkali-feldspar granite equigranular topaz-zinnwaldita-alkali-feldspar granite equigranular topaz-zinnwaldita-alkali-feldspar granite porphyry topaz-zinnwaldita -álcali-feldspar granite miarolítico topaz-zinnwaldita-alkali-feldspar granite porphyry. The Palanqueta massif does not have its physical boundaries defined, as well as their facies variation in vertical section, which implies the possibility of depth metallogenic potential, in accordance with other examples of topaz granites found in the literature.
England, Richard W. "The ascent and emplacement of granitic magma : the Northern Arran granite." Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6609/.
Full textCastillo, Vera Mónica Denis. "Efecto de diferentes niveles de restricción hídrica sobre el desarrollo y producción de granado (Punica granatum L.) cv. Wonderful." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151100.
Full textDebido a que el granado (Punica granatum L.) var. Wonderful se cultiva principalmente en zonas de suelos marginales y con problemas de escasez de agua, y que la producción de fruta está relacionada con el agua que se suministre, se hace necesario conocer los efectos del déficit hídrico sobre variables fisiológicas, de crecimiento y productivas de la especie. Con dicho fin se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos con distintas tasas de riego en granados, en un predio ubicado en la comuna de Til-til, Región Metropolitana. En un suelo delgado con textura superficial franco arenosa y presencia de sustrato aluvial con matriz arenosa en profundidad.
SILVA, Mickey Anderson Paixão da. "Influência das características morfológicas de britas graníticas e gnaíssicas na resistência à compressão do concreto." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18425.
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Em virtude dos agregados constituírem os recursos minerais mais acessíveis e também serem responsáveis por uma enorme parcela do material consumido na construção civil, faz-se necessário um estudo mais aprofundado a respeito da utilização e aplicação dessa matéria prima. O objetivo principal é qualificar a relação entre os resultados de resistências à compressão do concreto, obtidos por meio de testes feitos em corpos-de-prova moldados com diferentes tipos de brita, de modo a identificar aquela que proporciona uma maior resistência no mesmo, quando submetido aos esforços uniaxiais de compressão. Para isso foram escolhidas amostras de rochas, sendo três granitos e três gnaisses para análise da qualidade do concreto produzido a partir das respectivas britas. As britas foram analisadas macroscopicamente e todas as amostras foram submetidas às mesmas etapas de britagem, e posteriormente o material resultante dessa etapa passou pelo peneirador mecânico. Através desse processo, avaliou-se individualmente o índice de forma, o módulo de finura e o percentual dos minerais com clivagem dos devidos tipos de rochas afim de entender melhor o motivo dos posteriores resultados do comportamento do concreto com relação à trabalhabilidade e resistência a compressão uniaxial para cada um dos tipos de brita. A escolha do tipo de cimento torna-se muito relevante para esta análise. Faz-se necessário a escolha de um cimento que dê margem para que o tipo de brita seja a variável mais importante e decisiva no processo de resistência. Observa-se também que o índice de forma está relacionado ao percentual de minerais presentes na rocha que apresentam planos de clivagem. O valor do índice de forma está diretamente relacionado aos teores de minerais com um ou mais planos de clivagem contidos em cada amostra. Por fim, ficou constatado que o concreto que apresentou a maior resistência à compressão foi confeccionado por agregados com os menores módulos de finura; já os agregados com o maior módulo de finura resultaram num dos concretos menos resistentes.
Because the aggregate constitute the most accessible mineral resources and also account for a huge portion of the consumed in construction material, it is necessary to further study regarding the use and application of this raw material. The main goal is to qualify the relationship between the results of resistance to the concrete compressive obtained by means of tests made on specimens test pieces molded with different types of gravel, in order to identify one that provides greater strength in that when subjected to uniaxial compression efforts. For this rock samples were selected: three and three granite gneiss for analysis of the quality of concrete produced from the respective gravel. The gravel was analyzed macroscopically and all samples were subjected to the same steps of crushing, and then the resulting material has passed this stage by mechanical sieving. Through this process, we assessed individually the form of an index, the fineness modulus and percentage of minerals with cleavage of proper rock types in order to better understand the reason for the subsequent behavior of concrete results regarding the workability and compressive strength uniaxial for each type of grit. The choice of the type of cement becomes very relevant to this analysis. It is necessary to choose a cement margin so that the type of grit is most important and crucial variable in resistance process. It is also observed that the form of an index is related to the percentage of minerals present in the rock show cleavage planes. The value of the medium index is directly related to mineral contents in one or more cleavage planes contained in each sample. Finally, it was found that the concrete with the highest compressive strength was made by households with the lowest fineness modules; since aggregates with higher fineness modulus resulted in the least resistant concrete.
Henrique-Pinto, Renato. "Metaconglomerados e rochas associadas do Grupo São Roque a noroeste da cidade de São Paulo: proveniência e implicações para a idade da sedimentação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44143/tde-11112008-115527/.
Full textThe São Roque Group is composed of low-grade metamorphic rocks deposited in marine environment with coeval volcanic activity. The Morro Doce Formation is dominated by metaarkose and feldspatic meta-sandstone with expressive metaconglomeratic lenses, which form a sequence regarded as the basal unit of São Roque Group. The metaconglomerates with wide prevalence of granite pebbles have excellent potential to identify their sources and ages. Metavolcanic acidic and basic rocks interspersed in this sequence are an important tectonic and geochronologic marker. The petrographic study of the granite pebbles from the Morro Doce Formation metaconglomerates allowed the identification of four petrographic varieties: porphyritic biotite monzogranite, inequigranular biotite monzogranite, equigranular biotite monzogranite and inequigranular leucogranite. The comagmatic character of these pebbles is confirmed by petrographic and geochemical data. Acid metavolcanic rocks interlayered with meta-arkose and metaconglomerates in the Morro do Polvilho region correspond to trachydacite and porphyritic meta-rhyolite. The metaarkose shows geochemical affinities with metaconglomerate granitic pebbles, and differs from the acid metavolcanic rocks both in their geochemical signature and in its sedimentary fabrics defined by the predominance of detritic subangulous feldspars. Their geochemical characteristics are typical of within-plate magmatism, especially the low mg # (~ 20), high Zr (560-730 ppm), Y, Nb, and low Sr (70-120 ppm), and is similar to the acid metavolcanics from the on Espinhaço Supergroup. U-Pb dating by LA-MC-ICP-MS in zircon crystals from the predominant varieties of granitic pebbles revealed Paleoproterozoic ages (2199 ± 8.5 Ma Ma and 2247 ± 13) for the main granitic source of the metaconglomerates. Comparable ages are found in the nuclei of Espinhaço Supergrup basament (Mantiqueira Complex) and Açungui (Tigre, Setuva and Betari nuclei). The depositional age of the metaconglomerates (1.75-1.79 Ga), indicated by U-Pb dating of interlayered metavolcanic rocks, is consistent with the age of the granitic source, (~2.2 Ga), and with the lack of signals of contribution from younger source areas for the Morro Doce Fm metasediments.
Yang, Wenjin. "Géochimie et minéralogie des granites de la région de Hetai, province de Guangdong, Chine méridionale = Geochemistry and mineralogy of granites in the Hetai area, Guangdong, South China /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textThèse presentee en collaboration de l'Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi et Institute of geochemistry, Academia Sinica, China. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Arrais, Júlio César de Pinheiro. "Caracterização geológica e tecnológica de rochas ornamentais dos granitóides porfiróides dos maciços Sorocaba, São Francisco, São Roque, Ibiúna, Piedade e Caucáia, Sudeste do Estado de São Paulo /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103014.
Full textBanca: Antonio Carlos Artur
Banca: Tamar Milca Bortolozzo Galembeck
Banca: Antenor Braga Paraguassu
Banca: Cláudia Lopes de Moura
Resumo: Os estudos da qualificação como material ornamental e para revestimento foram realizados em rochas graníticas porfiróides dos maciços São Francisco, São Roque, lbiúna, Piedade e Caucaia, tendo sido analisados os principais litotipos que apresentam exeqüibilidade de lavra. Objetivaram ampliar a oferta das rochas ornamentais no mercado nacional, com padronização das características tecnológicas de novas variedades e sua adequada identificação e tipificação quanto aos aspectos mineralógicos, geológicos, geoquímicos, tecnológicos (físicos-mecânicos) e de susceptibilidade ao ataque químico, possibilitando a prevenção de problemas arquitetônicos. Estas rochas apresentam características estéticas com ampla gama de variedades e são muito bem aceitas pelo mercado consumidor. Atualmente, sem os estudos técnicos específicos, ocorrem problemas tecnológicos de resistência no dimensionamento das placas decorrendo em maiores custos para o empresariado do setor. Aliados aos fatores estéticos que favorecem a sua utilização para fins ornamentais e de revestimento, encontram-se a distribuição geológica e geográfica nas proximidades aos maiores pólos consumidores, à cidade de São Paulo e aos portos exportadores. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios tecnológicos das variedades mostram que os parâmetros analisados situam-se dentro dos limites padrões estabelecidos pelas normas para granitos utilizados como rocha ornamental e para revestimento, quer para ambientes interiores, quer para exteriores.
Abstract: Studies for qualificaton as dimension stones and covering materials were carried out in prophiritic granitic rocks from São Francisco, São Roque, Ibiúna, Piedade and Caucaia massifs had been analyzed the major lithotypes with plowing potential of rocks. Objectify to enlarge de offer of those rocks as dimension stones into the Brazilian market with the patterns of technological characteristics of new varieties and their adequate identifying and typifying on mineralogical, geological, geochemical, technological (physical and mechanical) and susceptibility to chemical attack aspects, making possible the prevention of architectural problems. Those rocks present esthetic characteristics with wide range of varieties and are very weill accepted by the consuming market. Actualy, without specific technicai studies, occur technological problems of strength in the sizing of tbe tiles or plates elapsing in more elevate costs for the sector companies. Allied to the esthetic factors that are favorable to the use of those rocks as dimension stones and covering materials are the geological and geographic distribution in the proximities to the greatest consuming poles, to the São Paulo city and to fim exporting harbours. Obtained results in the technological analyses of the varieties show that the parameters as sited into the limit standards established by the regulations for granites used as covering and dimension rocks, both for internal and external environment.
Doutor
Sandoval, Cammilli Giannina M. "Efectos de la carga frutal, cohorte de floración y posición en la copa sobre el tamaño del fruto y la productividad en granado (Punica granatum L.)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149692.
Full textCon el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la carga frutal en el tamaño promedio de los frutos y la productividad en un huerto de granados, se realizó un estudio en granados ‘Wonderful’ en dos localidades de Chile: Huechún (33° 07' 19,55'' S y 70° 48' 04,13'' O), Provincia Chacabuco, Región Metropolitana, y Cerrillos de Tamaya (30° 34' 5,78'' S; 71° 24' 36,74'' O), Provincia Limarí, Región de Coquimbo. En ambos casos se utilizaron 20 plantas, sobre las cuales se raleó manualmente un porcentaje de los frutos, con el objetivo de lograr un amplio espectro de carga frutal. En el primer año se calculó la el área de sección transversal ejes (ASTE); en el segundo año se ASTE y la fracción de radiación fotosintéticamente activa interceptada (PARf) para cada planta del ensayo; la carga frutal y la cosecha se determinó con respecto de los parámetros anteriormente mencionados. La productividad fue función de la carga frutal, en todas sus formas de expresión, con altos coeficientes de determinación para las regresiones lineales. El aumento de la carga frutal fue negativo sobre el tamaño de los frutos, independiente de sus formas de expresión.
In order to analyze the effect of crop load on the average fruit size and on the yield in pomegranate orchards, a study was conducted in 'Wonderful' pomegranates during two season, at two different locations in Chile: Huechún (33 ° 07 '19, 55'' S and 70 ° 48 '04.13'' W), Chacabuco Province, Region Metropolitana and Cerrillos de Tamaya (30 ° 34' 5.78'' S; 71 ° 24 '36.74'' W), Limarí Province, Coquimbo Region. In both cases, 20 plants were selected and submitted to a wide range of crop load, by hand thinning. Branch cross sectional area (BCSA) was calculated for both seasons. Additionally, the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted (PARf) for each plant were calculated during the second season; crop load, as a function of the above mentioned parameters was determined at harvest. Yield was found to be a direct function of the crop load for all expressions used in this work, having high determination coefficients for the linear between them. The increase of crop load was invertetly related to fruit size, for all expression of crop load.
Sánchez, Gamboa María Isidora. "Caracterización de frutos de granado de la variedad Wonderful y del clon UCH-AZA, provenientes de dos regiones de Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149693.
Full textLa granada es uno de los frutos comestibles más antiguos que existe y es ampliamente cultivado en países tropicales y subtropicales, además posee una gran diversidad genética. A pesar de su alta presencia en el mundo, no hay suficiente información respecto a las propiedades de este fruto. Sin embargo, algunas investigaciones recientes han destacado los compuestos bioactivos presentes en la granada y sus efectos benéficos para la salud. Por otra parte, la Universidad de Chile ha efectuado una selección de clones que está evaluando a fin de compararlos con la variedad Wonderful que se encuentra a escala comercial. En este contexto, el objetivo del proyecto fue evaluar el efecto de dos zonas de cultivo sobre las características físicas, químicas y sensoriales de los frutos de la variedad Wonderful y del clon UCH-AZA. Se evaluaron características físicas externas e internas del fruto, químicas y fenólicas del jugo y, además la calidad y aceptabilidad de los arilos. Algunos parámetros medidos corresponden a los siguientes: rendimiento de arilos (%) y jugo (%), sólidos solubles (ºBrix), acidez (% ac. cítrico), relación ss/acidez, fenoles totales (mg Equivalente Ácido Gálico L-1), antocianos totales (mg L-1) y capacidad antioxidante (FRAP). Existieron diferencias significativas entre las localidades en varios de los parámetros medidos, no obstante gran parte de estos se vieron afectados por la interacción presente entre los factores (localidad y variedad). Cuando existieron interacciones, se dejó fijo el factor variedad para evaluar más claramente el efecto localidad. En el análisis estadístico se aplicó ANDEVA y comparación de rangos múltiples de DUNCAN. De este análisis fue posible determinar que los frutos provenientes de la localidad de Vicuña tuvieron un alto rendimiento de arilos, rendimiento de jugo, sólidos solubles, contenido de antocianos, taninos, fenoles y consecuentemente una alta capacidad antioxidante. Esta última no tuvo una gran variación entre el clon UCH-AZA y la variedad Wonderful, si hubo una variación en el contenido de antocianos totales siendo 317,14 y 591,76 mg L-1 para el clon UCH-AZA y la variedad Wonderful, respectivamente. En cambio, en los fenoles totales los valores fueron similares entre el clon UCH-AZA y la variedad Wonderful, siendo superiores a 861,1 mg EAG L-1 . En las condiciones de este estudio la localidad influye positivamente sobre las características físicas, químicas, fenólicas y sensoriales de las granadas, siendo superiores en Vicuña la mayoría de los parámetros medidos.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is one of the most ancient edible fruits, being widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries, having a great genetic diversity. However, in despite of its prevalence around the world, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the properties of this fruit. Some research has recently highlighted the presence of bioactive compounds in pomegranates and their positive health effects. Researches done in University of Chile are evaluating a selection of clones, among them UCH-AZA, in order to compare with the commercial CV. Wonderful. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of CV. Wonderful and UCH-AZA clone cultivated in two locations of Chile (Curacaví and Vicuña). The study evaluated the inner and external physical characteristics of the fruit, the chemical and phenolic composition of the juice, as well as the quality and acceptability of the arils. The parameters measured were, aril and juice yields (%), soluble solids content (ºBrix), titratable acidity (% citric acid), soluble solids/acidity ratio, total phenolics (mg EAG L-1), total anthocyanins (mg L-1), and antioxidant capacity (FRAP). Significant differences were observed in several parameters, depending on the variety and the location. Interaction between variety and location was also observed. When such interactions appeared, the factor variety was fixed in the statistical analysis to clearly evaluate the effect of the location. ANDEVA and DUNCAN were used in the statistical analysis. These analyses allowed determining that the fruit from Vicuña had a relatively high aril and juice yield as well as high soluble solids content, anthocyanin, tannin, and phenolic content, and consequently a high antioxidant capacity. The last parameter did not show differences among the UCH-AZA clone and the CV. Wonderful, however there was a difference in total anthocyanins being 317.14 and 591.76 mg L-1 for the UCH-AZA clone and the CV. Wonderful, respectively. The total phenolics content were similar for both varieties, being higher than 861.1 mg EAG L-1 . Based upon the conditions of this study it was determined that the location had the strongest influence on the physical, chemical, phenolic, and sensory characteristics of pomegranates, being higher a great number of the parameters measured in the fruit produced in Vicuña.
KATO, Takenori, Kazuhiro SUZUKI, Taisei MORISHITA, and Chinatsu YONEZAWA. "CHIME ages of zircons in granitic gneiss and granite from Samilpo, southeastern Democratic People's Republic of Korea." Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2835.
Full textBenvenuto, Acevedo Angelo de Paoli. "Evaluación de diferentes sistemas de conducción de granados (Punica granatum L.) var. wonderful en diferentes zonas de Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116151.
Full textDurante la temporada 2010/2011 se realizó un ensayo con granados ´Wonderful´ en Huechún conducido como multieje a 5 x 3 m, región Metropolitana; Cerrillos de Tamaya como copa a 6 x 4 m y Vicuña como copa y eje a 3 x 1,5 m en la región de Coquimbo. El objetivo fue evaluar las relaciones entre el peso promedio de frutos, productividad, intercambio gaseoso, incidencia de golpe de sol, partidura, color y ramaleo en diferentes sistemas de conducción y localidades. Para ello, se seleccionaron diez plantas para cada combinación sistema de conducción-localidad, cada uno sometido a diferentes niveles de carga frutal, regularmente distribuidos entre muy baja y muy alta, ajustad luego del cuaje de la segunda cohorte de floración. La carga frutal se expresó como frutos por unidad de superficie de suelo, área de sección transversal de tronco (ASTT) y fracción de radiación interceptada (FI). La FI se midió con un Ceptómetro lineal un mes después del ajuste de carga frutal. El intercambio gaseoso se registró mediante un analizador de gases infrarrojo portátil durante la mañana (AM), el mediodía (MD) y el atardecer (PM) durante el período de activo crecimiento del fruto y pre-cosecha. La fruta cosechada, se clasificó de acuerdo a su calibre. Los daños comerciales como golpe de sol, partidura, color y ramaleo, se expresaron como porcentaje. Se encontró una relación lineal positiva entre la fracción de radiación interceptada y el rendimiento. El peso promedio disminuyó, y la productividad aumentó al aumentar la carga frutal. El intercambio gaseoso aumentó al incrementar la carga frutal. El golpe de sol disminuyó al aumentar la carga mientras la partidura aumentó. El color y el daño por ramaleo no fueron afectados por la carga frutal. El huerto de Huechún tuvo un alto rendimiento promedio pero con una mayor proporción de frutos pequeños, mientras que en Cerrillos de Tamaya la productividad fue baja. En Vicuña, tanto el sistema de copa como eje, presentaron una alta precocidad, buen tamaño de fruto, baja partidura de frutos, por lo que esta zona y sistema de conducción, si se controla el golpe de sol, se proyectan como adecuadas para la producción de granados. Palabras clave: intercambio gaseoso, fracción de radiación interceptada, carga frutal, peso promedio, eficiencia productiva.
García, Gómez Karen Isabel. "Estimulación de la acumulación de biomasa y extracción estacional de nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio, calcio y magnesio en plantas de granado (Punica granatum L.)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111114.
Full textCon el fin de conocer la acumulación y variación estacional de la biomasa de órganos y estructuras en plantas jóvenes y en producción de granado var. Wonderful, se utilizaron relaciones alómetricas que permitieron estimar los coeficientes de reparto (CR), el índice del área foliar (IAF) y la eficiencia del uso de la radiación (EUR) en ambos huertos. Para construir las relaciones alométricas se utilizó un método directo, en donde se extrajeron 4 árboles de tres años y 2 árboles de cinco años, en los periodos de brotación, cuaja, crecimiento intermedio del fruto, cosecha y receso. Los árboles fueron separados en raíz, estructura caulinar, hojas, frutos y caídas, obteniéndose el peso fresco y seco de cada compartimiento. Antes de la extracción de cada grupo de plantas, se midió su radiación interceptada (PARf) y su área de sección transversal del tronco (ASTT), variables independientes que se relacionaron con el peso seco de los órganos extraídos. Las alometrías (método indirecto) obtenidas, fueron aplicadas en otros 6 árboles de ambos huertos en base a la medición de dichas variables alométricas desde brotación a receso. Además, se marcaron 16 frutos recién cuajados por árbol para realizar el seguimiento de diámetro ecuatorial hasta cosecha. Los resultados indican que las alometrías obtenidas determinaron con un R2 =0,92 la biomasa de granados. El crecimiento anual de biomasa de árboles en producción fue de 14 kg en peso seco. Los frutos representaron el 55% de la biomasa total, alcanzando un CR máximo de 0,8, previo a la cosecha y su crecimiento siguió un patrón de doble sigmoidea. El IAF máximo fue de 2,2 con un PARf de 45% y la EUR se estimó en 1,22 g·MJ-1. Los árboles jóvenes acumularon 2,5 kg en peso seco y los coeficientes de reparto al desarrollo de raíces, caulinar y hojas fueron similares. Su IAF máximo fue 0,6 con un PARf de 22% y una EUR de 0,8 g·MJ-1
The accumulation and seasonal variation of the biomass of organs and structures, in young and fully-producing pomegranate plants var. Wonderful, were estimated using allometric relationships which allowed to estimate the partition coefficients (CR), the leaf area index (LAI) and the radiation use efficiency (RUE) in both orchards. In order to build the allometric relationships a direct method was used, which included four three year old and two five year old trees which were uprooted during the periods of bud break, fruit set, intermediate fruit growth, harvest and winter dormancy. The fresh and dry weight of the organs of the tree, which were pooled into five compartments (roots, caulinar structures, leaves, fruits and litter) was then measured. Before uprooting the plants, their radiation interception (PARf) and trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) were measured, which were related to the dry weight of the aboveground organs. The allometric (indirect method) hereby obtained were applied in 6 trees in both orchards using the same biometric measurements from sprouting to winter dormancy. In addition, the equatorial diameter of 16 fruits was tracked from fruit set to harvest. The results gave a determination coefficient of 0.92 for the estimation of the whole plant biomass of pomegranates from the allometric functions. The annual growth of the fruit-bearing trees was estimated at 14 kg dry weight. The fruits accounted for 55% of the total biomass, reaching a maximum CR of 0.8 before harvest and their growth curve followed a double sigmoid pattern. The maximum LAI was 2.2 with a PARf of 45% and the RUE was estimated at 1.22 g·MJ-1. Young trees accumulated 2.5 kg dry weight over the growing season and equally devoted the partition coefficients of root development, caulinar structures and leaves. The maximum LAI of these trees was of 0.6 with a PARf of 22% and a RUE 0.8 g·MJ-1.
Arrais, Júlio César de Pinheiro [UNESP]. "Caracterização geológica e tecnológica de rochas ornamentais dos granitóides porfiróides dos maciços Sorocaba, São Francisco, São Roque, Ibiúna, Piedade e Caucáia, Sudeste do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103014.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os estudos da qualificação como material ornamental e para revestimento foram realizados em rochas graníticas porfiróides dos maciços São Francisco, São Roque, lbiúna, Piedade e Caucaia, tendo sido analisados os principais litotipos que apresentam exeqüibilidade de lavra. Objetivaram ampliar a oferta das rochas ornamentais no mercado nacional, com padronização das características tecnológicas de novas variedades e sua adequada identificação e tipificação quanto aos aspectos mineralógicos, geológicos, geoquímicos, tecnológicos (físicos-mecânicos) e de susceptibilidade ao ataque químico, possibilitando a prevenção de problemas arquitetônicos. Estas rochas apresentam características estéticas com ampla gama de variedades e são muito bem aceitas pelo mercado consumidor. Atualmente, sem os estudos técnicos específicos, ocorrem problemas tecnológicos de resistência no dimensionamento das placas decorrendo em maiores custos para o empresariado do setor. Aliados aos fatores estéticos que favorecem a sua utilização para fins ornamentais e de revestimento, encontram-se a distribuição geológica e geográfica nas proximidades aos maiores pólos consumidores, à cidade de São Paulo e aos portos exportadores. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios tecnológicos das variedades mostram que os parâmetros analisados situam-se dentro dos limites padrões estabelecidos pelas normas para granitos utilizados como rocha ornamental e para revestimento, quer para ambientes interiores, quer para exteriores.
Studies for qualificaton as dimension stones and covering materials were carried out in prophiritic granitic rocks from São Francisco, São Roque, Ibiúna, Piedade and Caucaia massifs had been analyzed the major lithotypes with plowing potential of rocks. Objectify to enlarge de offer of those rocks as dimension stones into the Brazilian market with the patterns of technological characteristics of new varieties and their adequate identifying and typifying on mineralogical, geological, geochemical, technological (physical and mechanical) and susceptibility to chemical attack aspects, making possible the prevention of architectural problems. Those rocks present esthetic characteristics with wide range of varieties and are very weill accepted by the consuming market. Actualy, without specific technicai studies, occur technological problems of strength in the sizing of tbe tiles or plates elapsing in more elevate costs for the sector companies. Allied to the esthetic factors that are favorable to the use of those rocks as dimension stones and covering materials are the geological and geographic distribution in the proximities to the greatest consuming poles, to the São Paulo city and to fim exporting harbours. Obtained results in the technological analyses of the varieties show that the parameters as sited into the limit standards established by the regulations for granites used as covering and dimension rocks, both for internal and external environment.
Mello, Roberta Monteiro de. "Utilização do resíduo proveniente do acabamento e manufatura de mármores e granitos como matéria-prima em cerâmica vermelha." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-04062007-164950/.
Full textIn order to decrease environmental impact, caused by mud discarding and clay extraction in the ceramic industry, it was used residual mud from marble and granite companies for structural ceramic. Samples were collected in twelve different marble companies located at the metropolitan region of São Paulo. However, only four samples were selected, based on its different characteristics. Claystone was the raw material chosen to prepare the structural ceramic, considering its high use in this segment. Samples and claystone were both analysed by the following procedures: granulometric analysis, x-rays fluorescent chemical analysis and x-rays diffraction mineralogical analysis, besides, tests in the samples were conducted following NBR 10004 standards. Once raw materials were characterized, the plasticity test was conducted. Test specimen were molded with different levels of mud, then burned and submitted to technological tests, such as: mechanical resistance, water absorption, porosity, specific gravity and retraction, material dilation before burning process and scanning electron microscopy. The final results have shown the viability of using this kind of mud, and pointed some advantages on its usage, but taking in consideration some previous conditions to be adopted.
Prado, Maurício. "O Granito europa e o grupo Iricoumé na parte leste do distrito mineiro de Pitinga (Amazonas)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8522.
Full textThe Europa granite is intrusive in rocks of Iricoumé Group, which is constituted principally by vulcanoclastic rocks formed in a subaerial environment (ignimbrites rich in crystals, thin massive tuffs and siltic tufaceous arenites) and minor hipabissal riolites with similar compositions to sienogranites. The volcanic rocks are probably generated in a caldera environment. The granite Europa is a pertita peralkaline granite (hipersolvus) without genetic relation to the volcanic rocks from the Iricoumé Group, but may have been generated by ressurgence. Petrographic and geochemical data atest that fractionated crystallization was the principal mechanism during the crystallization an generating the facies 1 and 2 (high evoluted). Nb soil anomalies on the facies 2 are related to the astrophillite weathering.
Díaz, Soler Ignacio Andrés. "Evaluación de tres métodos para el control de golpe de sol en frutos de granado (Punica granatum L.)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151272.
Full textSe evaluaron tres métodos de control del golpe de sol en granado (Punica granatum L.): aplicación de caolín, sombreamiento con malla y envoltura de frutos con cambuchos de papel. El estudio fue realizado en la localidad de Huechún, Provincia de Chacabuco Región Metropolitana, Chile. Se utilizaron 56 árboles a los que se les aplicaron 7 tratamientos (dos de aplicación de caolín en distintas dosis y fechas; sombreamiento con malla hasta la cosecha y hasta dos semanas antes de cosecha; envoltura individual de frutos con cambuchos de papel hasta la cosecha y hasta dos semanas antes de cosecha; y un tratamiento testigo), cada uno con cuatro repeticiones de dos árboles por unidad experimental. Durante la temporada se midió la temperatura superficial de frutos con un termómetro infrarrojo y se registró la temperatura y la radiación solar a través de una estación meteorológica durante los cuatro meses del ensayo. Al momento de la cosecha se evaluó la totalidad de los frutos en cada tratamiento determinando el número de frutos con daño por golpe de sol y agrupándolos en tres categorías de daño: leve (suave pardeamiento de la superficie), medio (fuerte pardeamiento de la superficie) y severo (ennegrecimiento de la superficie), y evaluando la presencia de residuos de caolín en frutos. Se obtuvo una muestra de 16 frutos por tratamiento para la medición de color con un colorímetro y se realizó una medición de profundidad del daño en una muestra de 20 frutos por categoría de daño. Para la determinación de la viabilidad económica de cada tratamiento se efectuó un estudio costo-beneficio.
ARANA, MATTOS GLORIA VIOLETA, LAVADO LUIS EDUARDO DELFIN, HUAMAN KEVIN WALTER OROSCO, and RODRIGUEZ FRANCISCO VENTURO. "Proyecto: Granatum Rejuveness: Cosmética Natural." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652333.
Full textThe present research is the development of a business idea through the use of pomegranate (Punica granatum L), fruit grown in Peruvian soil with high antioxidant power, and vegetable oils, with nutritional and moisturizing properties, resulting in the proposal of "Granatum Rejuveness", a hydrating and rejuvenating facial cream. According to market research, this product meets the characteristics required by the existing consumer profile in Lima 6 (Jesus María, Lince, Pueblo Libre, Magdalena and San Miguel) and Lima 7 (Miraflores, San Isidro, San Borja, Surco and La Molina) which will be part of our target audience. Our proposal has as a starting point the trends of natural consumption, the needs and importance of people for skin care, which is increasing over the years and the opportunity identified in the country to encourage profitability of our products by submerging them in a process for shared benefit with our farmers, who today market their products in raw material. In this business idea, interviews, surveys and product positioning were carried out through social networks. However, given the country's situation, there was no opportunity to develop sales through the traditional channel. Likewise, the team carried out an arduous investigation into the cosmetics sector, in order to identify the challenges and subsequently devise how to confront them with the use of key business-related resources.
Trabajo de investigación
Caltabeloti, Fabrizio Prior. "Alojamento e deformação de plútons graníticos da extremidade nordeste da Suíte Intrusiva Cunhaporanga (Domínio Apiaí - Faixa Ribeira, PR)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44141/tde-16082011-170032/.
Full textGranite plutons located on the northeast of Cunhaporanga Intrusive Suite (Patrimônio Santo Antônio, Ouro Verde, São Domingos and Santa Rita) are emplaced into low grade metasedimentary rocks (Itaiacoca Group) of the Apiaí Domain (Ribeira Belt). Most of these plutons are isotropic with pinkish to grey colors and their compositions vary from monzogranite to sienogranite. They are usually porphyritic and locally inequigranular and equigranular. Regional mapping revealed that the foliation of the metasedimentary host rocks dips mainly to NE while the lineation (intersection, mineral) strikes in the NNW-SSE direction. The host rocks metamorphic fabric rotates progressively to become parallel to the NE-trending Itapirapuã transcurrent shear zone. Kinematic markers such as elongated quartz grains and mica-fish from quartz-milonites indicate the Itapirapuã shear records a sinistral movement. The fabric of the plutons was studied by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) technique. Forty sites (300 specimens) were sampled at the Patrimônio Santo Antônio granite, 7 sites (48 specimens) at São Domingos, 9 sites (67 specimens) at Ouro Verde and 14 sites (92 specimens) at Santa Rita granite. The mean of magnetic susceptibility (k) is higher in Patrimônio Santo Antônio granite (k = 23,29 x \'10 POT.-3\' SI) and lower in the granites of Santa Rita (k = 11,85 mSI), São Domingos (k = 7,43 mSI) and Ouro Verde (k = 7,46 mSI). In contrast the magnetic anisotropy (P) is lower in the Patrimônio Santo Antônio granite (P = 1,09 ± 0,04) and higher in the granites São Domingos (P = 1,21 ± 0,09), Ouro Verde (P = 1,19 ± 0,07) and Santa Rita (P = 1,23 ± 0,11). Thermomagnetic and Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (IRM) studies show that Ti-poor magnetite is the principal carrier of rock magnetic properties but that includes minor contributions of Ti-hematite. Iron oxides are frequently associated with titanite, biotite and amphibole. Microstructures are typically magmatic, except for Santa Rita granite which shows post-magmatic recrystallized microstructures. The magnetic foliation of granitic plutons dips smooth to moderately and for the Patrimônio Santo Antônio body it exhibits a typical dome pattern. The subhorizontal magnetic lineation strikes NNW-SSE parallel to regional folding axe of the metasedimentary rocks. This feature shows that the granites are syntectonic to a deformation event apparently connected to NE-trending transcurrent shears. The occurrence of a foliation dome in the Patrimônio Santo Antônio pluton and prolate magnetic ellipsoids in São Domingos pluton suggest that the NNW-trending structures includes, besides a strike-slip shear fabric, a component of extension that probably assisted the emplacement of the plutons. A U-Pb (SHRIMP) determination in the Patrimônio Santo Antônio zircons have produced a concordia age of 589 ± 6 Ma attributed to the crystallization of the granite. These results indicate that in the latest stages of the development of the Cunhaporanga Intrusive Suite the Apiaí Domain was submitted to a regional strain field recording transcurrent simple shear and extension.
Oukemeni, Driss. "Géochimie, géochronologie (U-Pb) du pluton d'Aouli et comparaisons géochimiques avec d'autres granitoïdes hercyniens du Maroc par analyse discriminante /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textSILVA, Gustavo Alexandre. "Diagnóstico do setor de agregados para a construção civil na região metropolitana de Natal - RN." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19017.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T17:10:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-Dissertacao-GustavoAlexandreSilva.pdf: 10928701 bytes, checksum: 44c2b4f22827eed6eae53c17ea822ea3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
O setor de agregados para a construção civil possui a parcela de insumos minerais mais consumidos e, consequentemente, os mais significativos em termos de quantidades produzidas no mundo. Apesar de serem abundantes e apresentarem baixo valor unitário, seu consumo é um importante indicador do perfil sócio-econômico de desenvolvimento de um país, estado ou região metropolitana. Este trabalho foi concebido no intuito de suprir a carência de informações e dados sobre o setor de agregados para construção civil na Região Metropolitana de Natal-RN (RMN), conforme sua geologia e os recursos minerais, modo de ocorrência, especificações dos materiais e dados econômicos. Formada por dez municípios, a RMN se apresenta como uma das regiões de maior dinamismo econômico-social do Estado. Em relação a sua urbanização, a diferença é visivel, uma vez que a população rural supera a população urbana em alguns municípios. Sua área abrange uma superfície de 2.807,54 km², isto corresponde a 5,3% do território estadual. Sua população, de acordo com o Censo Demográfico de 2010, atingiu 1.351.004 habitantes. Isso representa 42,6% da população do Rio Grande do Norte (3.168.133 habitantes), compreendendo uma taxa de crescimento no período 2000 – 2010 de 1,88% ao ano. O Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) da RMN teve um aumento consistente de 2003-2008. No entanto, sua constribuição para o PIB do Estado, cai em média 0,63% ao ano devido processo de interiorização do desenvolvimento que o Rio Grande do Norte vem passando nos últimos anos. Na abordagem da geologia optou-se pela discussão dos registros geológicos em termos de unidades pré-quaternárias (anteriores a 2 milhões de anos) e unidades quaternárias. As rochas britadas e os sedimentos como areias e cascalhos são os materiais naturais utilizados como agregados na construção civil. Enquanto os sedimentos são usados, geralmente, como encontrados na natureza, as rochas podem passar por processos de britagem e moagem para atingir as especificações granulométricas. Na data da consulta havia registrados no DNPM destinados a produção de areia e brita 57 processos e dentre os 10 municípios da RMN os que apresentaram maiores quantidades de processos minerários foram: São Gonçalo do Amarante (28%), Ceará - Mirim (19%) e Monte Alegre (19%). O método de lavra de areia comumente utilizado na RMN é o de dragagem em leito de rio ou cava submersa, já que cerca de 85% da produção são proveninetes de áreas localizadas nos leitos dos rios. Os 15% restantes vêm dos terraços denominados de depósitos eólicos, riachos de menor porte. No caso da explotação de Brita o método de lavra é a céu aberto. O consumo de brita da Grande Natal é suprido pela produção de unidades pertencentes a três grupos empresariais. A produção de brita para a Grande Natal, foi estimada em 1.570.140 m3 /ano ou 2.590.731 t/ano, enquanto que a ociosidade média das instalações de beneficiamento das unidades produtoras está próxima de 50%. Em 2011 a produção anual de areia para construção civil foi de 1.967.159 m³ ou 2.950.738 t. Os Preços médios de brita, pesquisados, variaram desde R$ 30,00/t (ROM) até R$ 58,00/t (nas casas de materiais de construção), já os de areia foi de R$ 7,00 /t (ROM) até R$ 20,00/t (no varejo). As reservas estimadas (medidas e indicadas) de agregados, considerando a produção consumida atualmente na RMN, são suficientes para atender a demanda projetada para os proximos 15 anos isto sem levar em conta as reservas inferidas que podem aumentar substancialmente este tempo.
The most widely used inputs in the construction aggregates sector in the world are the mineral. Despite their abundance and low unit value, their use is an important indicator of the socioeconomic profile of a country, state or metropolitan region. This paper aimed to provide information and data, which are scarce, on the construction aggregates segment in the Metropolitan Region of Natal – RN (RMN), considering its geology, mineral resources, mode of occurrence, material specifications and economic data. Formed by ten cities, the RMN is the State region with the greatest economic and social dynamics. Regarding its urbanization, the rural population exceeds the urban population in some cities. The RMN covers an area of 2.807,54 km², accounting for 5.3% of the state territory. According to Brazilian Census 2010, its population reached 1,351,004 inhabitants, which corresponds to 42.6% of the population of Rio Grande do Norte (3,168,133 inhabitants), and a growth rate in the 2000 – 2010 period of 1.88% per year. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the RMN has increased consistently from 2003-2008. However, its contribution to the state GDP falls 0.63% on average per year due to the recent process of internal development in Rio Grande do Norte. Concerning the geological approach, we decided to focus on the pre-quaternary (< 2 million years ago) and quaternary geologic periods. The crushed rocks and sediments such as sand and gravel are natural materials used as aggregates in construction. As the sediments are used generally in their natural condition, the rocks may undergo crushing and grinding process to achieve the required specifications. On the date of the consultation there were 57 processes recorded at the DNPM for the production of sand and gravel. São Gonçalo do Amarante (28%), Ceará - Mirim (19%) and Monte Alegre (19%) were the RMN cities with the highest number of mineral processing activities. The sand mining method commonly used in the RMN concerns river bed dredging or digging trial pits, since 85% of the production comes from fields located in riverbeds. The remaining 15% come from terraces known as aeolian deposits, small streams. Regarding the exploitation of gravel, the open pit mining method is used. The consumption of gravel in the Grande Natal region is supplied by production units belonging to three business groups. The production of gravel in the Grande Natal region was estimated in 1,570,140 m3 /year or 2,590,731 t/year, while the average idleness of the processing facilities of the production units close to 50%. In 2011 the annual building and construction sand was 1,967,159 m³ or 2,950,738 t. The average prices of gravel found ranged from R$ 30,00/t (ROM) to R$ 58,00/t (in construction material shops). The average prices of sand, in turn, ranged from R$ 7,00 /t (ROM) to R$ 20,00/t (in retail stores). Given the current production rates of aggregates in the RMN, the estimated reserves (measured and indicated) are sufficient to meet the demand forecast for the next 15 years, without taking into consideration the inferred reserves that can substantially increase this period.
Morais, Carlos Jorge Carvalho. "A habitação no turismo de natureza e de tradição." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12261.
Full textLim, Siang Joo. "Small Strike-Slip Faults in Granitic Rock: Implications for Three-Dimensional Models." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5624.
Full textCarpio, Coba Carlos Francisco. "Bases para el manejo integrado del chanchito blanco (Pseudococcus viburni) en granado (Punica granatum) : evaluación de métodos de seguimiento y control." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150878.
Full textHasta hace no muchos años la granada (Punica granatum) en Chile era considerado un cultivo marginal, sin embargo, en los últimos años ha tomado relevancia debido a que es uno de los alimentos que podrían considerarse como un alimento funcional debido a sus propiedades, ya que sus frutos se caracterizan por ser ricos en antioxidantes, minerales y vitaminas. Además, el cultivo representa una alternativa en condiciones marginales y con baja oferta hídrica. Como consecuencia de ello, la superficie cultivada en el país entre 2007 y 2011 se estima se quintuplicó. Uno de los objetivos principales de la producción es la exportación de fruta fresca, la que alcanzó entre 2008 - 2009 a 1.647 toneladas, siendo su principal destino Europa. Sin embargo, ha habido gran cantidad de rechazos en lugares de destino por partidas infestadas con el chanchito blanco de la vid (Pseudococcus viburni), una plaga cuarentenaria de difícil control. Por lo tanto, se estima que para llevar a cabo un manejo racional del cultivo, es necesaria la implementación de una estrategia de manejo integrado de la plaga (MIP). Antes de ello, es necesario tener un sistema de seguimiento y conocer la fenología y dinámica de esta plaga, para lo cual se evaluaron periódicamente diferentes métodos de muestreo: trampas de cartón corrugado, trampas doble adhesivas, y revisión de follaje y frutos. También se propuso para su control la utilización de productos alternativos (dos detergentes y un entomopatógeno) a los insecticidas convencionales para el manejo de la plaga durante el otoño. Finalmente durante la etapa de postcosecha se evaluaron inmersiones de la fruta en dos concentraciones de detergente (0 – 1% v/v), con dos temperaturas (15 ± 2 - 47 ± 2 °C), pH (5,5 – 8,5) y tiempos de exposición (6 – 15 min).
Flatley, Kerin. "Granite Butterfly." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/45.
Full textLima, José Janio de Castro. "Estudo da dilatação térmica de rochas usadas em revestimento de edificações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-08032016-115052/.
Full textThere is a great tendency of using larger plaques of rocks on the covering of the faces of buildings, separated by expansion joints of very small dimensions as possible, in order to provide agreeable architectural effects and at the same time to make difficult the infiltration in the building structure of deterioration agents. Therefore, there is a great need of dimensioning precisely these joints whose function is to absorb the plates length variation produced by thermal expansion. This research presents values of plates length variation produced by thermal expansion. This research presents values of thermal linear expansion coefficient (β) of granite and gneiss rocks extracted from São Paulo, Mato Grosso and Espírito Santo states, used commercially in plate shapes for covering of buildings. The thermal linear expansion coefficients (β) were determined by cast quartz dilatometer and correlated with the quartz content, granulation, apparent porosity, and the studied rock structures. It can be concluded that, in gneiss rocks, the β values are much bigger when determined in parallel with the structure. On the granite rocks, the β value increases with the quartz content and it decreases with the increases of apparent porosity and the size of mineral grains.
Cordeiro, Erlon Rabelo. "Moldagem por injeÃÃo a baixas pressÃes de pà residual proveniente da extraÃÃo do granito branco savana." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15745.
Full textThe present work describes the use of a grinding dust almost granite raw feedstock to the process of ceramic injection molding at low pressures. The main objective was to demonstrate the technical feasibility of using a low-cost raw material for parts for applications where these were not subjected to large mechanical stresses. Initially it selected a powder from the extraction of a granite commercial value called White Savannah. The material was characterized by chemical and petrographic analysis (for microprobe), and microscopy Scanning electron diffraction and X-ray. After several unsuccessful attempts to use the powder in the raw state, it was subjected to a simple procedure for comminution by grinding and subsequent selection by sieving. The obtained fines were mixed with binder to carnauba wax base, developed in previous research. Rheological studies helped determine the optimum amount of binder and powder in the mixture to be injected. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to establish a ramp for removal of the binder by thermal degradation after injection. The binder removal step was performed without introducing macrodefeitos. The parts were sintered in air in a muffle furnace at temperatures between 1200 0 C to 1280 0 C. Next, the pieces were evaluated in terms of density, porosity, shrinkage and hardness. The best results in terms of appearance, shape maintenance and combination of physical and mechanical properties were obtained with the parts sintered at 1250 0 C. The values obtained for these properties were deemed reasonable when compared to results obtained with previously manufactured parts using other granite waste.
O presente trabalho descreve a utilização de um pó residual de granito em estado quase bruto como matéria-prima para o processo de moldagem cerâmica por injeção a baixas pressões. O objetivo principal era demonstrar a viabilidade técnica de se utilizar uma matéria-prima de baixo custo para obter peças para aplicações em que essas não fossem submetidas a grandes esforços mecânicos. Inicialmente foi selecionado um pó proveniente da extração de um granito de valor comercial denominado Branco Savana. O material foi caracterizado por análises petrográfica e quı́mica (por microssonda), além de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e difração de raios-X. Após algumas tentativas infrutı́feras de se utilizar o pó no estado bruto, o mesmo foi submetido a um procedimento simples de cominuição por moagem e posterior seleção por peneiramento. Os finos obtidos foram misturados ao ligante à base de cera de carnaúba, desenvolvido em pesquisas anteriores. Estudos reológicos ajudaram a determinar a quantidade ótima de ligante e pó na mistura a ser injetada. A análise termogravimétrica foi utilizada para se estabelecer uma rampa para a retirada do ligante por degradação térmica, após a injeção. A etapa de retirada do ligante foi realizada sem introdução de macrodefeitos. As peças foram sinterizadas ao ar, em forno mufla, a temperaturas entre 1200 0 C e 1280 0 C. Em seguida as peças foram caracterizadas quanto à densidade, porosidade, contração, e microdureza. Os melhores resultados em termos de aparência, manutenção do formato e combinação de propriedades fı́sicas e mecânicas foram obtidos com as peças sinterizadas a 1250 0 C. Os valores obtidos para essas propriedades foram considerados razoáveis, quando comparados aos resultados atingidos com peças fabricadas anteriormente, utilizando outros resı́duos granı́ticos.
Alves, Adriana. "Petrogênese de plútons graníticos do leste paulista: geocronologia, geoquímica elemental e isotópica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44143/tde-08062009-103248/.
Full textThe central part of the Ribeira Fold Belt in São Paulo hosts a great number of granitic intrusions of varied forms and compositions. These plutons outcrop in a cuneiform domain defined by the intersection between two main structures (Taxaquara and Cubatão Faults) here referred as Mogi das Cruzes Block (MCB) in allusion to the homonymous nearby city. In addition to these plutons, we also studied compositionally zoned batholiths outcrop to the east of MCB and despite their significant volume the group was still lacking basic field, petrographic, geochronological and geochemical information. In order to characterize the magmatism associated to the final stages of the Brazilian Orogeny in this area, samples from ten plútons (Mauá, Mogi das Cruzes, Santa Branca, Santa Catarina, Itapeti, Sabaú na and Guacuri, from MCB, added by the batholiths Serra do Quebra Cangalha, Natividade da Serra and Lagoinha) were analyzed for major, minor and trace elements, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes. Furthermore, U-Pb ages were determined in zircon and monazite crystals using LA-MC-ICPMS e TIMS, respectively. The obtained ages confirm that the main event of granitic magma generation in this area occurred between 600 and 580 Ma, with predominance of younger ages. However, previous event of granitogenesis which formed Santa Catarina and Serra do Quebra Cangalha plutons (crystallization ages ~650 Ma) was identified and is described for the first time within the Embu Domain. An origin by crustal reworking is suggested for most of the plútons by the high SiO2 contents (68 a 76%) and by the peraluminous character of all samples (except the Santa Catarina plúton) and the assumption is also confirmed by Sm-Nd model ages (TDM= 1,7 a 2,2 Ga) and by the presence of inherited zircon crystals with ages in the 1.4 to 2.0 Ga range. Isotopic signatures indicate that the MCB granitic magmatism sampled at least two distinct crustal reservoirs. The biotite granites show signatures indicative of participation of high Th/U sources, with negative \'épsilon\'\'Nd IND..t\' values (- 11,2 a 14,6) and \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\'\'ANTPOT.t\' ratios between 0.709 and 0.712 (ancient lower crust), while the source involved in the generation of muscovite-biotite granites was characterized by low Th/U ratios, combined with more negative \'épsilon\'\'Nd IND.t\' (-15,2 to -18,2) and \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\'\'ANTPOT..t\' ratios similar to those of the biotite granites (reworked upper crust). The source areas for the granitic batholiths to the east of MCB are also distinct; their \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\'\'ANTPOT..t\' ratios higher than 0,716 and eNdt between -11,9 and -7,3 are suggestive of relatively juvenile upper crustal sources, potentially less reworked. The Pb isotope signatures indicate sources with low Th/U ratios, equally compatible with involvement of a younger upper crust compared to the old component suggested as source of MCB muscovite-biotite granites. Among the plutons dated at ca. 590 Ma, the Mauá, Itapeti and Mogi das Cruzes granites show marked petrographic and compositional similarities (trace elements ratios and isotope signatures), which associated with the presence of microgranular enclaves compositionally similar to their host granite, indicate correlated genetic and evolutionary processes for these plutons. Rb-Sr isotope and trace elements analyses conducted via LA-(MC)-ICP-MS in plagioclase megacrysts in textural disequilibrium indicate crystallization under open-system conditions. More calcic cores, chemically primitive and with higher \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\'\'ANTPOT..t\'. are overgrown by rims recording continuous decrease in trace element contents (e.g. Ba, Sr e ETR) and \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\'\'ANTPOT..t\' ratios, external rims reach equilibrium with matrix crystals. The combination of trace element and isotopic signatures do not indicate the participation of chemically more primitive magmas (e.g., basic to intermediate), suggesting that the enclaves are products of interaction between chemically and physically similar magmas, in selfmixing events.
Aquino, Reginaldo Ribeiro de. "Avaliação da radioatividade natural em mármores e granitos comerciais do estado do Espírito Santo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-25042016-145921/.
Full textIn this work, the concentrations of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in granite and marble samples were determined, considering the main extraction mining of Espirito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. For all study sites, three samples were sealed in 100 ml high density polyethylene bottles. Each sample rested for 4 weeks to reach the secular equilibrium of 238U and 232Th series before measured by high resolution gamma spectrometry, and the acquired spectra were analyzed with the software WinnerGamma. The self-absorption correction was considered for all samples, using an expression and method specially developed for this purpose. The concentration of 226Ra was determined by the weighted arithmetic mean of the concentrations of 214Pb and 214Bi, the concentration of 232Th by the weighted arithmetic mean of the concentrations of 228Ac, 212Pb and 212Bi and the concentration of 40K by its single 1460 keV transition. The radium equivalent and gamma index were calculated from the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K. The emanated radon was measured using an exhalation chamber and the passive detector technique, with a solid state nuclear tracks detectors (SSNTD) being exposed in NRPB/SSI-H dosimeters. During exposure, a commercial detector CR-39® and a national plastic called Durolon® were used, the last was characterized for this purpose using a technique called double exposure and sensitivity intrinsic factor. The characterized plastic was efficient for the application and the calibration factor corresponded to 1.60 ± 0.10 trackscm²(kBqm³day)¹ in relation to the CR-39 factor, equivalent to 2.8 ± 0.2 trackscm²(kBqm³day)¹. The detector showed a higher efficiency at a higher dose. The activities determined by passive detection varyed from 100 ± 10 Bqm-³ up to 2400 ± 300 Bqm-³, highlighting the biggest exhalation rates for granite Iberê Mombasa. Considering the marbles, activity values varyed from 80 ± 10 Bqm-³ up to 200 ± 25 Bqm-³ highlighting only the Cintilante and Branco Extra with higher values. The values obtained for surface exhalation rate were approximately equal, except for granites Iberê Mombasa and Iberê Prado with values above 1 Bqm-2h-1. The measures by gamma spectrometry showed that the 226Ra concentrations varyed from 1.9±0.2 Bq.kg-1 up to 483±55 Bq.kg-1, with the highest value for granite Iberê Mombasa. The 232Th concentrations ranged from 3.2±0.4 Bq.kg-1 to 224±6 Bq.kg-1, whose largest value was observed for the gray granite Corumbá. The 40K concentrations ranged from 8.8±1.8Bq.kg-1 up to 1642±67 Bq.kg-1, with the largest value observed for granite Iberê Vitara. The radio equivalent value showed that most samples can be defined as category I, below 370 Bq.kg-1, except for the granites Cinza Corumbá, Iberê Crema Bordeaux and Iberê Mombasa that can be classified as class II (up to 740 Bq.kg-1). The evaluated granites show internal and external exposure rates below 1.0 mSv·y¹ except the granites Cinza Corumbá, Iberê Crema Bordeaux and Iberê Mombasa that exceed the value range of 1.0 to 3.2 mSv·y¹ for this index. For the annual exposure dose, only the granites Gray Corumbá, Iberê Crema Bordeaux and Iberê Mombasa exceeded the 1.5 mSv·y¹. For the alpha exposure index only the Iberê Crema Bordeaux and Iberê Mombasa granites indicate limitations when applying as surface material. However, considering the gamma exposure index, the granites Cinza Corumbá, Cinza Andorinha, Amarelo Icarai, Cinza Ocre, Iberê Crema Bordeaux and Iberê Mombasa have controlled application. In conclusion, the evaluated granites and all marbles evaluated have viable applications in different activity sectors and for different purposes and the granites that exceeded the proposed limits should not be applied in the interior of residences
Bonilla, Pérez Amed. "Petrografia, geoquímica e geocronologia do Granito De Parguaza na Colômbia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/94689.
Full textThe Parguaza Granite is located in Vichada Department-Colombia, toward the margin of the Orinoco River and takes part of the big batolith described in Venezuela as The Parguaza Granite. This body outcrops in Colombia as isolated hills and little extended mountains with abrupt slopes that protrude through tertiary plains. It represents one of largest anorogenic granites that outcrops in the worldwide and it can be designed as the oldest Colombian unit (mesoproterozoic) that haven´t had deformation. This body presents typically rapakivi texture as Wiborgite and pyterlite types, with granitic to alkali feldspar granitic composition. There are some compositional and texture variations, as fine-grain zones, pegmatitic and aplitic dikes and quartz veins. Geochemically it is classified as type-A granite, metaluminous to peralkaline, formed in post-collisional to anorogenic conditions. U/Pb measurement with LA-ICP-MS in zircons show a new concordant age of 1392±5 Ma; this age is quite different to the age given by other authors in Venezuela territory of 1545 Ma and it can related to anorogenic granites from SW Amazonian Craton and with other rapakivi bodies reported in Guainía Department-Colombia.
Farias, Vanderlei de. "Geologia e petrologia do plúton Saubinha e os depósitos de estanho associados, Rondônia /." Rio Claro, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192608.
Full textResumo: O plúton Saubinha (1.316 ± 16 Ma.) compõe uma das intrusões graníticas do maciço São Lourenço que em conjunto com outros maciços (Caripunas, Abunã e São Simão) representam as áreas de exposição de rochas graníticas, com ou sem depósitos de estanho associados, pertencentes a Suíte Intrusiva São Lourenço-Caripunas (1.32 – 1.30 Ga.). O núcleo de ocorrência dos depósitos primários de estanho ocorre na forma de um stock granítico alongado NW – SE. Constitui-se por biotita-álcali feldspato granitos, cartografados em duas unidades mapeáveis, 1:10.000, e em contatos, aparentemente, transicionais entre si. A Unidade A (UA) que integra tipos heterogranulares a equigranulares de granulação média e, subordinamente porfiríticos de matriz fina; e a Unidade B (UB), restrita a borda leste do plúton, com tipos equigranulares a porfiríticos de matriz fina. Adiciona-se ainda uma lente delgada e não contínua de granito miarolítico a sudeste do plúton e diques de microgranito e aplito que seccionam preferencialmente as rochas da UB. Geoquimicamente são granitos ferrosos, pós-colisionais, tipo A (subtipo A2), de caráter metaluminoso que permeia entre os campos peralcalino e peraluminoso com alcalinidade álcali-cálcica a cálcio-alcalina. Apresentam características de magmas oriundos de anatexia de protólitos quartzo-feldspáticos, de mais alta temperatura (~827,0ºC), pouco hidratados e que se posicionaram em níveis crustais rasos. A variação dos elementos maiores e traços por SiO2 sugere um trend ev... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Saubinha pluton (1.316 ± 16 Ma.) composes one of granitic intrusions of São Lourenço massif, which together with other massifs (Caripunas, Abunã and São Simão) represent the areas of exposure granitic rocks, with or without associated tin deposits, belonging to the evolution of São Lourenço-Caripunas Intrusive Suite (1.32 – 1.30 Ga.). The core of occurrence of primary tin deposits occurs as an NW – SE elongated granitic stock. It consists of biotite-alkali feldspar granites, mapped in two mappable units, in scale 1:10.000, and in apparently transitional contacts. Unit A (UA) that integrates heterogranular to equigranular medium grain types and subordinately porphyritic of fine matrix; and Unit B (UB), restricted to the eastern edge of the pluton, with equigranular to porphyritic fine grain types. In addition, a thin non-continuous lens of miarolitic granite to the southeast of the pluton and dykes of microgranite and aplite that preferentially crosscut the rocks of UB. Geochemically, they are ferrous granites, post-collisional, A-type (subtype A2), of a metaluminous character that permeates between the peralkaline to peraluminous fields with alkali-calcic to calcic-alkali alkalinity. The granites have characteristics of magmas originated from anatexy of quartz-feldspar protoliths, of higher temperature (~827,0ºC), poorly hydrated and positioned in shallow crustal levels. Variation of major and traces elements by SiO2 suggests an evolutionary trend from porphyritic types (UB) ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Nascimento, Rielva Solimairy Campelo do. "Petrologia dos granit?ides brasilianos associados ? zona de cisalhamento Rem?gio-Pocinhos(PB)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 1998. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18762.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The Brasiliano Cycle in the Serid? Belt (NE Brazil) is regarded mostly as a crustal reworking event, characterized by transcurrent or transpressional shear zones which operated under high temperature and low pressure conditions. In the eastern domain of this belt- the so-called S?o Jos? de Campestre Massif (SJCM), a transtensional deformation regime is evidenced by extensional components or structures associated to the strikeslip shear zones. The emplacement of the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano granitoids is strongly controled by these discontinuities. Located in the southern border of the SJCM, the Rem?gio-Pocinhos shear zone (RPSZ) displays, in its northern half, top to the SW extensional movement which progressively grade, towards its southern half, to a dextral strike-slip kinematics, defining a negative semi-flower structure. This shear zone is overprinted upon allocthonous metasediments of the Serid? Group and an older gneiss-migmatite complex, both of which containing metamorphic parageneses from high amphibolite to granulite facies (the latter restricted to the strike-slip zone), defining the peak conditions of deformation. Several granitoid plutons are found along this structure, emplaced coeval with the shearing event. Individually, such bodies do not exceed 30 km2 in outcropping area and are essentially parallel to the trend of the shear zone. Petrographic, textural and geochemical data allow to recognize five different granitoid suites along the RPSZ: porphyritic granites (Serra da Boa Vista and Janda?ra), alkaline granites (Serra do Algod?o and Serra do Boqueir?o) and medium to coarse-grained granites (Olivedos) as major plutons, while microgranite and aluminous leucogranite sheets occur as minor intrusions. The porphyritic granites are surrounded by metasediments and present sigmoidal or en cornue shapes parallel to the trend of the RPSZ, corroborating the dextral kinematics. Basic to intermediate igneous enclaves are commonly associated to these bodies, frequently displaying mingling textures with the host granitoids. Compositionally these plutons are made up by titanite-biotite monzogranites bearing amphibole and magnetite; they are peraluminous and show affinities to the monzonitic, subalkaline series. Peraluminous, ilmenite-bearing biotite monzogranites and titanite-biotite monzogranites correspond, respectivally, to the Olivedos pluton and the microgranites. The Olivedos body is hosted by metasediments, while the microgranites intrude the gneiss-migmatite complex. Being highly evolved rocks, samples from these granites plot in the crustal melt fields in discrimination diagrams. Nevertheless, their subtle alignment also looks consistent with a monzonitic, subalkaline affinity. These chemical parameters make them closer to the I-type granites. Alkaline, clearly syntectonic granites are also recognized along the RPSZ. The Serra do Algod?o and Serra do Boqueir?o bodies display elongated shapes parallel to the mylonite belt which runs between the northern, extensional domain and the southern strike-slip zone. The Serra do Algod?o pluton shows a characteristic isoclinal fold shape structure. Compositionally they encompass aegirine-augite alkali-feldspar granites and quartz-bearing alkaline syenite bearing garnet (andradite) and magnetite plus ilmenite as opaque phases. These rocks vary from meta to peraluminous, being correlated to the A-type granites. Aluminous leucogranites bearing biotite + muscovite ? sillimanite ? garnet (S-type granites) are frequent but not volumetrically important along the RPSZ. These sheet-like bodies may be folded or boudinaged, representing partial melts extracted from the metasediments during the shear zone development. Whole-rock Rb-Sr isotope studies point to a minimum 55410 Ma age for the crystalization of the porphyritic granites. The alkaline granites and the Olivedos granite produced ca. 530 Ma isochrons which look too young; such values probably represent the closure of the Rb-Sr radiometric clock after crystallization and deformation of the plutons, at least 575 Ma ago (Souza et al. 1998). The porphyritic and the alkaline granites crystallized under high oxygen fugacity conditions, as shown by the presence of both magnetite and hematite in these rocks. The presence of ilmenite in the Olivedos pluton suggests less oxidizing conditions. Amphibole and amphibole-plagioclase thermobarometers point to minimum conditions, around 750?C and 6 Kbars, for the crystallization of the porphyritic granites. The zirconium geothermometer indicates higher temperatures, in the order of 800?C, for the porphyritic granites, and 780?C for the Olivedos pluton. Such values agree with the thermobarometric data optained for the country rocks (5,7 Kbar and 765?C; Souza et al. 1998). The geochemical and isotope data set point to a lower crustal source for the porphyritic and the alkaline granites. Granulite facies quartz diorite to tonalite gneisses, belonging or akin to the gneiss-migmatite complex, probably dominate in the source regions. In the case of the alkaline rocks, subordinate contributions of mantle material may be present either as a mixing magma or as a previously added component to the source region. Tonalite to granodiorite gneisses, with some metasedimentary contribution, may be envisaged for the Olivedos granite. The diversity of granitoid rocks along the RPSZ is explained by its lithospheric dimension, allowing magma extraction at different levels, from the middle to lower crust down to the mantle. The presence of basic to intermediate enclaves, associated to the porphyritic granites, confirm the participation of mantle components in the magma extraction system along the RPSZ. This mega-structure is part of the network of Brasiliano-age shear zones, activated by continental collision and terrane welding processes at the end of the Neoproterozoic
O Ciclo Brasiliano na Faixa Serid? (NE do Brasil) ? considerado principalmete como um evento de retrabalhamento crustal atrav?s de zonas de cisalhamento transcorrentes ou transpressionais operando sob condi??es de alta temperatura e baixa press?o. Na por??o oriental desta faixa, mais especificamente no Maci?o S?o Jos? de Campestre (MSJC), a deforma??o em regime transtracional ? caracterizada atrav?s de um componente ou estruturas extensionais associadas aos cisalhamentos transcorrentes. O alojamento dos corpos granit?ides brasilianos ? controlado fortemente por essas descontinuidades. Localizada na borda sul do MSJC, a Zona de Cisalhamento Rem?gio-Pocinhos (ZCRP) apresenta, na sua por??o norte, movimentos extensionais com topo para SW, que gradam progressivamente a movimento transcorrentes dextrais a sul, definindo uma geometria em meia-flor negativa. Esta estrutura est? implantada sobre metassedimentos al?ctones do Grupo Serid? e um substrato gn?issico-migmat?tico mais antigo, que mostram parag?neses metam?rficas indicativas de condi??es do f?cies anfibolito a granulito (este ?ltimo restrito ao setor transcorrente), durante a atua??o dos cisalhamentos. Acompanhando esta estrutura??o s?o encontrados diversos pl?tons granit?ides com alojamento sincr?nico ao cisalhamentos. Esses corpos n?o ultrapassam 30 km2 de ?rea aflorante e apresentam-se alongados segundo o trend NE da ZCRP. Os dados petrogr?ficos/texturais e geoqu?micos permitiram a divis?o das rochas granit?ides da ZCRP em cinco unidades distintas, representadas por: granitos porfir?ticos (Serra da Boa Vista e Janda?ra), granitos alcalinos (Serra do Algod?o e Serra do Boqueir?o) e granito de textura m?dia a grossa (Olivedos), compondo os corpos de maior expressividade na ?rea, e por sheets de microgranitos e leucogranitos aluminosos Os granitos porfir?ticos encontram-se alojados nos metassedimentos, apresentando formas sigmoidais e en cornue paralelas ao trend da ZCRP, indicando uma cinem?tica dextral. Associados a estes corpos s?o comuns a presen?a de encraves magm?ticos de composi??o b?sica a intermedi?ria, que freq?entemente desenvolvem textura do tipo mingling com os granit?ides hospedeiros. Composionalmente s?o constitu?dos por titanita-biotita monzogranitos com anfib?lio e magnetita, com car?ter peraluminoso e afinidade com as rochas da s?rie subalcalina monzon?tica. Biotita monzogranitos com ilmenita e titanita-biotita monzogranitos, peraluminosos, representam, respectivamente, o pl?ton de Olivedos e os microgranitos. O corpo de Olivedos est? alojado nos metassedimentos, e os microgranitos seccionam o substrato gn?issico-migmat?tico. Por tratar-se de rochas extremamente evolu?das, as amostras desses corpos plotam, nos diagramas discriminantes de s?ries, nos campos dos granitos de fus?o crustal, todavia com um alinhamento tamb?m sugerindo uma afinidade subalcalina monzon?tica. Suas caracter?sticas qu?micas os aproximam dos granitos tipo I. Granitos de afinidade alcalina, claramente sin-tect?nicos, s?o tamb?m reconhecidos na ZCRP. Os corpos de Serra do Algod?o e Serra do Boqueir?o apresentam forma alongadas, paralelas ao cisalhamento que limita o setor extensional, a norte, do setor transcorrente, a sul, sendo que o corpo de Serra do Algod?o apresenta uma estrutura em antiforme isoclinal. Composicionalmente englobam aegirina-augita ?lcali-feldspato granitos e quartzo ?lcali-sienito com granada (andradita), e magnetita + hematita como opacos. S?o rochas variando de meta a peraluminosas, correlacionadas aos granitos tipo A. De ocorr?ncia volum?trica restrita na ZCRP s?o ainda encontrados leucogranitos aluminosos com biotita + muscovita silimanita granada (tipo S), truncando os micaxistos e o complexo gn?issico-migmat?tico. Estes corpos podem estar dobrados e boudinados, e s?o considerados como produto da fus?o parcial dos metassedimentos, concomitante ? atua??o da ZCRP. Estudos isot?picos pelo m?todo Rb-Sr em rocha total indicam uma idade m?nima de 554 Ma para a cristaliza??o dos granitos porfir?ticos. Os granitos alcalinos e o granito de Olivedos fornecem idades isocr?nicas ca. 530 Ma; este valor, muito jovem, representa a idade de fechamento do sistema Rb-Sr ap?s a cristaliza??o e deforma??o dos corpos, ocorrido a pelo menos 575 Ma (Souza et al. 1998). Os granitos alcalinos e porfir?ticos cristalizaram-se sob condi??es de alta fugacidade de oxig?nio, que ? marcado pela presen?a de magnetita e hematita nestas rochas. A presen?a de ilmenita no pl?ton de Olivedos reflete condi??es menos oxidantes. Termobarometria de anfib?lio e anfib?lio-plagiocl?sio fornece condi??es m?nimas de 750?C e 6 Kbar para a cristaliza??o das rochas porfir?ticas. O geoterm?metro do zirc?nio indica temperaturas mais elevadas, na ordem de 800?C, para os corpos porfir?ticos, e 780?C para Olivedos. Estes dados s?o concordantes com dados termobarom?tricos das encaixantes (5,7 kbar e 765?C; Souza et al. 1998). O conjunto de dados gequ?micos e isot?picos aponta para uma fonte na crosta inferior para as rochas porfir?ticas e os granitos alcalinos. Provavelmente dominam na fonte os gnaisses de composi??o quartzo dior?tico a tonal?tico, em f?cies granulito, do complexo gn?issico-migmat?tico ou equivalentes. No caso das rochas alcalinas, pode ter havido a participa??o, em percentagen subordinada, de material mant?lico mesclado ao magma ou presente na fonte. Para o granito de Olivedos, ortognaisses de composi??o tonal?tica a granodior?tica, com alguma contribui??o metassedimentar, pode ser especulada. A diversidade de rochas gran?ticas na ZCRP ? atribu?da ? sua dimens?o litosf?rica, a qual permitiu a extra??o de magmas a partir de diferentes n?veis na crosta m?dia-inferior at? o manto. A presen?a de rochas de composi??o b?sica-intermediaria, associadas aos corpos porfir?ticos, confirmam a participa??o de componentes mant?licos no sistema de extra??o de magmas ao longo da ZCRP. Essa megaestrutura comp?e a rede de cisalhamentos brasilianos, ativada por processo de colis?o continental e colagem de terrenos ao final do Neoproteroz?ico
Paquin, Jens. "Spurenelementverteilungen in orogenen Granat-Peridotiten und Granat-Olivin-Websteriten als Indikator ihrer geochemischen und metamorphen Entwicklung." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961897481.
Full textGomes, Cristiane Heredia. "Caracterização das rochas vulcânicas e plutônicas félsicas e intermediárias do Alvo Estrela (Cu-Au), Serra de Carajás, Pará." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3338.
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O Alvo Estrela (Cu-Au) está localizado na extremidade leste da Falha Carajás, na região da Serra do Rabo. Ele compreende uma área de 1,6 por 2,4 km, composta por andesitos, gabros e riolitos arqueanos do grupo Grão Pará, formações ferríferas da Formação Carajás, arenitos arcoseanos da Formação Gorotire e granitóides paleoproterozóicos. O minério de Cu-Au é epigenético, ocorrendo em veios brechados, stockworks, e também disseminado nos andesitos. Os riolitos, objeto de estudo deste trabalho, formam faixas em contato com andesitos a NE e a SW na área do Alvo. Eles são formados por fenocristais de oligoclásio e quartzo, imersos em uma matriz de fragmentos finos de oligoclásio alterados para Fe-biotita com posterior siderofilitização e albita substituída por sericita e quartzo. Os granitóides, também objeto de estudo, são intrusivos no pacote andesítico e compreendem quartzo diorito e álcali-feldspato granito a quartzo-álcali-feldspato sienito, englobando três fácies: albita-ortoclásio granito, episienito e topázio-albita-ortoclásio granito. O quartzo diorito é portador de fenocristais de andesina e ortoclásio transformados em albita, sericita e siderofilita, e com quartzo intersticial. O albita-ortoclásio granito é constituído por albita, feldspato potássico pertítico alterado para sericita, protolitionita e lepidolita, além de quartzo e topázio. O episienito potássico é granular e poroso. Fluorita e clorita preenchem os espaços vazios, possivelmente do quartzo dissolvido. O topázio-albita-ortoclásio granito só difere do albita-ortoclásio granito pela maior quantidade de topázio, de feldspato potássico sericitizado, de matriz e de zinnwaldita e lepidolita. As rochas félsicas e intermediárias do Alvo foram afetadas por alteração potássica precedida por albitização e seguida por greisenização. A siderofilita foi o mineral dominante na alteração potássica, bem como, protolitionita, zinnwaldita, lepidolita e topázio o foram na greisenização. Os riolitos do Alvo Estrela comparados aos da Serra Norte são mais enriquecidos em Rb, Cs, Th, U, Ta e Cu e empobrecidos em Ba. O albita-ortoclásio granito e o topázio-albita-ortoclásio granito são cálcio-alcalinos a alcalinos, sendo o primeiro ainda peraluminoso. Os valores de Ga (67,2 ppm), Nb (67,36 ppm) e Ce (67,5 ppm), assim como as razões Ga/Al2O3 (4,49) e Fe/Mg (233,25) do albita-ortoclásio granito, sugerem que ele seja quimicamente semelhante aos granitos do tipo A, tal como os granitos paleoproterozóicos de Carajás e os fanerozóicos da Austrália. A coincidência nos padrões de ETR entre os riolitos do Alvo e os da Serra Norte, e a associação andesito-riolito observada em ambos, sugere uma possível correlação com os riolitos do Grupo Grão Pará. A semelhança nos padrões de ETR entre o albita-ortoclásio granito e topázio-albita-ortoclásio granito, sugerem que este último derive de evolução metassomática do primeiro. O episienito também mostra semelhanças nos padrões de ETR comparado com o albita-ortoclásio granito, coincidindo com as fácies mais hidrotermalizadas. O padrão de ETR do tipo gaivota, a razão Lu/Ybn entre 1,01 e 1,08 e a diminuição conteúdo total dos ETR no sentido do albita-ortoclásio granito (323,08 ppm) para o topázio-albitaortoclásio granito (74,18 ppm) são compatíveis com os granitos Pojuca, Serra Branca e Pedra Branca. A semelhança da razão Fe2O3/FeO do albita-ortoclásio granito (0,01 a 0,11) e do topázio-albita-ortoclásio granito (0,08 a 0,13), sugere que ambos se equilibraram sob condições de fugacidade de oxigênio semelhantes, enquanto que o episienito (0,55 a 0,78) se equilibrou em um ambiente mais oxidado. O estudo químico das micas revelou que a greisenização ocorreu em um ambiente já em resfriamento e a pressão maior do que a alteração potássica, dada a falta de titânio nas protolitionitas e lepidolitas, e o elevado conteúdo de AlVI nessas micas e nas zinnwalditas.
The Estrela Cu-Au deposit is situated in the Serra do Rabo, at the easternmost part of Carajás shear zone, at the Serra dos Carajás region. It is hosted by altered andesites and gabbros and rhyolites of the Grão Pará Group, Itacaiunas Supergroup, formed at 2.76 Ga (Sm-Nd isochronic age) cut by Paleoproterozoic porphyritic quartz diorite, orthoclase-albite granite, topaz-orthoclase-albite granite and quartz-alkali-feldspar syenite (episyenite). The Cu-Au ore is epigenetic, mostly in quartz veins, disseminated in the host rocks, or forming the matrix of brecciated quartz veins. The rhyolites are distributed for 2.4 km along a WNW trending ridge, presenting mylonitized contacts with andesites to the SW and to the NE. They are composed of oligoclase and quartz phenocrysts in a matrix of oligoclase partially replaced by Fe-biotite and siderophyllite, and albite replaced by sericite and quartz. The orthoclasealbite granite, topaz-orthoclase-albite granite and quartz-alkali-feldspar syenite (episyenite) are different facies of the same granitoid intrusion. The quartz diorite is composed of andesine and orthoclase phenocrysts replaced by albite, sericite and siderophyllite in a matrix of the same minerals plus interstitial quartz. The orthoclase-albite granite facies is formed by albite, perthitic orthoclase replaced by sericite, protolithionite and lepidolite, together with quartz and topaz. The topaz-albite-orthoclase granite facies presents larger contents of topaz, zinnwaldite, lepidolite and sericitization of the orthoclase, compared with the orthoclasealbite granite facies. The episyenite is a granular and porous rock composed of a potassic feldspar matrix containing vugs filled with fluorite and chlorite. The felsic and intermediate rocks were affected by potassic alteration preceded by albitization and followed by greisenization. Siderophyllite dominated in the potassic alteration, whereas protolithionite, zinnwaldite, lepidolite and topaz dominated in the greisenization. The Estrela rhyolites show higher Rb, Cs, Th, U, Ta and Cu and lower Ba contents than the Serra Norte rhyolites. The albite-orthoclase granite and the topaz orthoclase granite are calk-alkaline to alkaline and peraluminous rocks. The Ga (67.2 ppm), Nb (67.36 ppm) and Ce (67.5 ppm) values, and the Ga/Al2O3 (4.49) and Fe/Mg (233.25) ratios of the albite-orthoclase granite are analogous to A-type granites, mainly to the Proterozoic Carajás Granites and to the A-type Phanerozoic Australian Granites. The association of the Estrela and Serra Norte rhyolites with Neoarchean andesites, along with the coincidence of REE patterns suggests that the Estrela rhyolites belong to the Grão Pará Group. The albite-orthoclase granite, topaz-albite-orthoclase granite and episyenite REE patterns also suggest that the last two are derived from metasomatic evolution of the first. The seagull-type REE pattern, associated to the Lu/Ybn ratio (1.01 ? 1.08) and the decreasing of total REE content from the albite-orthoclase granite (323.08 ppm) to the topazalbite granite (74.18 ppm) are analogous to the Pojuca (Carajás), Serra Branca and Pedra Branca (Goiás) granites.The Fe2O3/FeO ratios of the albite-orthoclase granite (0.01 - 0.11), topaz albiteorthoclase granite (0.08 ? 0.13) and episyenite (0.55 ? 0.78) indicate that the last equilibrated at a more oxidizing environment than the others. The almost absence of Ti in the protolithionites and lepidolites and the high content of AlVI in the protolithionites, lepidolites and zinnwaldites indicate that the greisenization took place in a cooling hydrothermal system and at higher pressure than the preceding potassic alteration.
Lobo, Candido Jorge de Sousa. "Estudo sobre a utilizaÃÃo do rejeito do granito rosa iracema como matÃria-prima na fabricaÃÃo de funis de saÃda da fiaÃÃo a rotor na indÃstria tÃxtil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3313.
Full textThe present work was motivated by the need to minimize environmental impacts caused by granite quarrying. One of the ways to achieve this objective is to find value-added technical applications for granite residues. In a previous work it has been demonstrated that these silica-rich granite powders can be employed as raw-materials for the production of textile thread-guides. One very promising application for the textile industry in Brazil is the fabrication of open end navels. These are high-cost components made from expensive technical ceramics, which are imported from Europe. Therefore, it would be very interesting to be able to produce them at a lower cost, using residual granite powders. Preliminary analysis of the materials of commercially available textile navels has shown that they are composed mainly of alumina. Under normal conditions, alumina-made components exhibit much higher mechanical strength and hardness than silica-made components. Thus, it is necessary to introduce reinforcements to the starting granite powder used in this work (a residue obtained form the commercial stone âRosa Iracemaâ), in order to improve the performance of the parts made from it. Different amounts of submicrometric alumina particles were added to the starting powder, rendering composites. These composites were submitted to several mechanical and physical analysis aiming at finding the best combination of properties, compared to the properties of the commercially available textile navels. Test pieces containing 30% and 40%wt alumina gave the best results in terms of sinterability, and surface roughness. Their hardness was approximately 80% of the hardness of the alumina navels
Salinas, Lara José Matías. "Comparación de modelos de elementos discretos aplicados al comportamiento de roca intacta." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/139766.
Full textEl estudio del comportamiento de roca intacta es el punto de partida para poder realizar análisis a escala de macizo rocoso. Es por esto que se han realizado grandes esfuerzos para replicar y validar dicho comportamiento mediante el modelamiento numérico. Aquí es donde aparece el programa de elementos discretos PFC3D, el cual replica a la roca intacta mediante esferas rígidas unidas entre sí por modelos de contactos, cuyo comportamiento depende de micro-parámetros. El modelo de contactos utilizado últimamente para realizar los ensayos con este programa tiene por nombre Enhanced Bonded Particle Model, el cual presenta una serie de deficiencias. De esta manera se trabajó en la creación de un nuevo modelo llamado Flat Joint Model, con la finalidad de tratar de superar las falencias que presenta el Enhanced BPM. De esto nace el objetivo principal de este trabajo, el cual consiste en calibrar este nuevo modelo de contacto, de manera de representar el comportamiento de la roca intacta, que en este caso corresponde a la roca Westerly granite, y poder así comparar los resultados obtenidos por ambos modelos. Para lograr la calibración del Flat Joint Model, y tener un punto de comparación con datos de laboratorio, se extraen desde la literatura una serie de datos experimentales de diversos autores que realizaron una serie de ensayos de roca a muestras de granito que llevan por nombre Westerly granite. Además se cuenta con los resultados de simulaciones hechas con el modelo Enhanced Bonded Particle Model. Los resultados de las simulaciones hechas con el Flat Joint Model, luego de haber sido calibrado, nos dicen que este modelo replica con mayor exactitud los parámetros elásticos y de resistencia en el ensayo de compresión uniaxial y de tracción directa, como también representa de mejor manera la envolvente de falla experimental de la roca, sobre todo a confinamientos bajo los 60 [MPa]. Además se resuelve en parte una de las deficiencias del modelo Enhanced BPM, el cual no es capaz de replicar los valores de la razón de Poisson de la roca obteniendo resultados muy por debajo a los experimentales (diferencias del orden de 86%). Finalmente se concluye que el FJM es mejor modelo de contactos que el Enhanced BPM debido a que es capaz de replicar un comportamiento post-peak de la roca (comportamiento frágil), lo cual era la gran deficiencia del primer modelo. Si bien no se logra representar la fragilidad de la roca a grandes confinamientos, es un gran avance que se tengan comportamientos frágiles aún a 30 [MPa] de confinamiento, siendo que en el Enhanced BPM, a confinamientos de 5 [MPa] ya se presenta una respuesta dúctil de la curva esfuerzo-deformación.
Beaufils, Cécile. ""The granta/granta, un objet culturel hybride"." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC081.
Full textThis dissertation proposes to focus on the British literary magazine Granta between 1989 and 2013, and to delineate the articulation of its aesthetic logic and its editorial constraints. This paperback magazine publishes fiction, non-fiction and photographs, and its formai and stylistic hybridity is the starting point of our study. By locating the magazine and its evolutions within a cultural, theoretical and aesthetic context, we first delve into Granta's position in the English-speaking cultural field. The magazine indeed first inserts itself within a rebellious discourse while keeping a link with "hype". Such a precarious stance is achieved through the aesthetic category of philistinism. We then study how the magazine showcases a documentary aesthetics, especially through travel narratives and reportage in their textual and visual forms. Such an aesthetics leads us to consider how the magazine situates itself in the contemporary through montage. We finally focus ou the magazine's insertion in an ever-evolving reading experience, the better to defme its role in a globalized culture economy, as a self-proclaimed cultural guide
Komárková, Hana. "Analýza efektivnosti kulturních grantů v Praze." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165382.
Full textMoravec, Zdeněk. "Výroba těla granátu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445161.
Full textFÃlix, Paulo CÃsar Galdino. "Estudo da Viabilidade TÃcnica da Moldagem por InjeÃÃes a Baixas PressÃes de PÃ Residual de Granito." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2001. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7276.
Full textDurante o processo de extraÃÃo de rochas ornamentais no estado do Cearà (Nordeste do Brasil), uma grande quantidade de material à rejeitada. Deste grande montante, atà esta data, nÃo existe qualquer aproveitamento econÃmico, ele à simplesmente descartado podendo vir a acarretar possÃveis danos ambientais. Este trabalho descreve o uso do pà de granito como um possÃvel componente do processo de moldagem por injeÃÃo de pÃs, em substituiÃÃo a materiais cerÃmicos de custo mais elevado. Inicialmente o pà selecionado foi moÃdo e peneirado. O material resultante foi entÃo caracterizado por difraÃÃo de raios â x e microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura. CaracterÃsticas das partÃculas foram tambÃm determinadas. O material caracterizado foi misturado com um veÃculo orgÃnico de baixa viscosidade composto de cÃra de carnaÃba polietileno de baixa densidade a Ãcido esteÃrico. Estudos reolÃgicos foram realizados a fim de determinar o conteÃdo de pà Ãtimo, compatÃvel com o processo de moldagem por injeÃÃo a baixas pressÃes, apÃs isso a mistura pÃ-ligante foi injetada. Pequenos gria-fios da indÃstria tÃxtil foram produzidos usando 1020. AnÃlises tÃrmicas foram empregadas para determinar uma taxa de aquecimento para a retirada do ligante apropriado. ApÃs a retirada do ligante as peÃas foram sinterizadas a diferentes temperaturas para a determinaÃÃo daquela que apresentasse melhores propriedades. Testes de porosidade, densificaÃÃo e microdureza das peÃas sintetizadas mostraram que o pà de granito tem um grande potencial como substituto de materiais cerÃmicos mais caros.
During the process of extraction of stone in the state of Cearà (Northeast Brazil), a large amount of material is rejected. This large amount, to date, there is no economic use, it is simply discarded and be a possible cause environmental damage. This paper describes the use of granite dust as a possible component of the powder injection molding, replacing ceramic materials more expensive. Initially, the selected powder was ground and sieved. The resulting material was then characterized by XRD - x and scanning electron microscopy. Characteristics of the particles were also determined. Characterized The material was mixed with an organic vehicle of low viscosity consisting of carnauba wax low density polyethylene stearic acid. Rheological studies were performed to determine the content of fine powder, consistent with the process of injection molding at low pressure, after which the powder-binder has been injected. Small-GRIA of textile yarns were produced using 1020. Thermal analyzes were used to determine a rate of heating to remove the suitable binder. After removal of the binder parts were sintered at various temperatures to determine that to produce the best properties. Tests porosity, densification and hardness of the parts synthesized showed that the granite dust has great potential as a replacement for more expensive ceramic material.
Pérez, Salas Felipe Antonio. "Influencia del estado de desarrollo en las características físicas y químicas de frutos de granado (Punica granatum L.) UCH-COD provenientes de dos regiones de Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116101.
Full textEl fruto del granado posee compuestos bioactivos benéficos para la salud, los que dependen del cultivar, clima, madurez, prácticas culturales y condiciones de almacenamiento. Por este motivo, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivos caracterizar física y químicamente granadas del clon UCH-COD provenientes de dos comunas de Chile y evaluar la evolución de las características químicas en distintos estados de desarrollo del fruto almacenado en diferentes condiciones de refrigeración. Se utilizaron granadas provenientes de dos localidades (Vicuña y Curacaví), cosechadas en tres estados de desarrollo (E.D.): E.D. I: color de fondo verde, E.D. II: color rojo de cubrimiento y E.D. III: color rojo de cubrimiento y partidura incipiente de la piel. Se almacenaron en refrigeración a 5 ºC y 10 ºC, con una humedad relativa de 90-95% por un período de doce semanas. Se determinaron características físicas del fruto y físicas y químicas de los jugos. El diseño fue completamente aleatorizado con estructura factorial (2x3x2), con 3 repeticiones. Durante el estudio se observó efecto de la localidad, de los estados de desarrollo y almacenamiento. Los frutos de Vicuña mostraron un menor peso y grosor de la piel, un mayor rendimiento de arilos, mientras que el jugo de los arilos presentó un mayor contenido de sólidos solubles y menor acidez, comparado con los frutos de Curacaví. Respecto a la composición fenólica, los frutos de Vicuña presentaron mayor contenido de antocianos totales, intensidad colorante, taninos totales y capacidad antioxidante, que los frutos de Curacaví. Al progresar el desarrollo del fruto, en ambas localidades, se observó un incremento en el peso y diámetro ecuatorial del fruto y largo y ancho de los arilos. Los jugos presentaron un incremento de rendimiento, sólidos solubles (S.S.) y S.S./Acidez, a diferencia de la acidez que disminuyó a medida que progresaban los estados de desarrollo. Los polifenoles totales presentaron el menor valor en el E.D. II en ambas localidades, a diferencia de los antocianos totales, intensidad colorante y taninos totales que presentaron un incremento al progresar los estados de desarrollo. Respecto a la evolución de las características químicas durante el almacenamiento se observó una disminución de la acidez y un aumento del pH, SS/Acidez, antocianos totales, intensidad colorante y polifenoles totales. En los frutos almacenados a 10 ºC se observó una mayor acidez, sólidos solubles, polifenoles totales, taninos totales, antocianos totales y capacidad antioxidante, en las últimas dos semanas. Se concluye que los jugos de los frutos del E.D. III provenientes de Vicuña presenta el mayor contenido de compuestos fenolicos. Respecto a los frutos almacenados 5 ºC presentaron mejores condiciones físicas y químicas al finalizar las doce semanas.
Salazar, Carlos Alejandro. "Anisotropia de suscetibilidade magnética dos plútons Ribeirão Branco, Sguário e Capão Bonito e implicações tectônicas para a Faixa Ribeira (Domínio Apiaí, SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44141/tde-30062010-110127/.
Full textThe fabric of granitic magmas emplaced in the middle and upper crustal levels can be caused by the stress action during the ascension and convection of plutons and/or tectonic strain. Several mechanisms can contribute for the previous thing, nevertheless the interaction between the distortions and tectonic is the domineering one, principally in granites located in orogenic belts. In the Apiaí domain of the Ribeira belt (SP-PR) the elongated granitic batholiths have been historically classified like syn-tectonic and them was emplaced during the development of a neoproterozoic continental magmatic arch. Small Plutons with subcircular to oval forms generally discordant with regard to the disposition of the regional structures and that in turn possess feldspars of reddish typical colour, had been considered pos-tectonic, and therefore, emplaced after the collision that joined the different litho-tectonic units that constitute the Ribeira orogenic belt. This schematic classification of these granites relicts on geochemistry and geochronology data. In this study was identified and recorded in map the internal fabric of the syn-tectonic Ribeirão Branco granite and of the pos-tectonic Capão Bonito and Sguário granites using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) with the aim of inserting them appropriately in the models of tectonic classification whose basic premises are of structural nature. The porphyritic Ribeirão Branco and Itaóca granites have a high magnetic susceptibility (k = 10-2 SI), which is minor than (k = 5 x 10-3 SI) in the red granites (Capão Bonito, Sguário). In the first ones the poor Ti magnetite is the main source of susceptibility, commonly associated to titanite, biotite and amphibole. In the red granites, the susceptibility is provided by magnetite variability rusty (maghemite) and Ti - hematite (hemo-ilmenite), in addition to the significant contribution of biotite altered by hydrothermal processes. The grade of anisotropy rise (P) in the porphyritic granites (P = 1,14 SD. 0,08) and this is bigger than in the red ones (P = 1,07, SD. 0,05). In the Ribeirão Branco pluton, the high value of P is attributed to an incipient foliation detected in several sectors, which contrasts with the microstructure seemingly isotropic of the red granites. The study of the fabrics of silicates in the porphyritic granites Ribeirão Branco and Itaóca revealed that the orientations of the main axes of AMS and of shape preferred orientation (SPO) of feldspar and mafic silicates (biotite + amphibole) are congruent, nevertheless some obliquities occur. Those obliquities are attributed to the influence of the proper characteristics (form, size, anisotropy) of the marker minerals of the respective sub fabrics. In the same way, the above-mentioned study of silicates fabric demonstrated that P tends to grow up with the intensity of the SPO of silicates, which allowed to identify domains with major magmatic distortion into de granitic bodies and to correlate them with the regional structure. In general, the magnetic fabric of the Ribeirão Branco granite is organized coherently with the tectonic regional sinestral strike-slip shear zones; nevertheless, in the western sector the orientation of the magnetic fabric was likely modified by the accommodation of the Sguário granite. In the Itaóca granite, the organization of the magnetic fabric is different if compared with fabrics of the previous pluton. In Itaóca granite was recorded a fabric with a concentric organization in 623 ± 10Ma. (MSWD 0,31), according to the concordant U-Pb (SHRIMP) age in zircons obtained for the crystallization of the granite, that seems to be occurred before the strain related with the activation of the regional strike-slip shear zones. Geochronology data of the literature indicates that the Capão Bonito granite is approximately 15 Ma. younger than the batholiths of porphyritic granite. The Capão Bonito granite has an organized fabric typical of syn-tectonic intrusions that has an excellent alignment of the magnetic lineation. In the granite Sguário, the fabric has a spiral organization, in the same way as recorded in Capão Bonito, like response to a strain associated with to a small strike-slip shear zone with W-E direction. This event would be related to the reactivation of the Ribeira strike-slip shear zone, which affected the south sector of the Itaóca granite, with the participation of an extensional component. The W-E transtensive deformation that favoured the injection of the red granites in the Apiaí Domain likely was subsequent to a main tetonomagmatic event and this should have been the responsible by the emplacement and strain in the porphyritic granites. The intrusion of the big granitic bodies ~ 615 Ma. and could be it related to the convergence between crustal blocks and to the consequent stretching sub parallel of the Ribeira belt, in which the distortion was located remarkably in the strike-slip shear zones with NE-SW direction.
Gerhardt, Reinald. "Channel waveguide lasers in epitaxial garnet films." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964507404.
Full textMiller, James Thomas Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Crack coalescence in granite." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47771.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
This thesis experimentally investigates crack coalescence in prismatic Barre Granite specimens with two pre-cut, open flaws under uniaxial compression. Using a high-speed video system, crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence are observed. Flaw geometries are chosen to allow one to compare the results with those of studies in other materials as well as to better understand fracturing and coalescence processes. Specifically, the effect of ligament length (L), flaw inclination angle (p3), and bridging angle (a) on coalescence is investigated. The same crack types as in other materials are observed. Coalescence patterns observed fit into a previously developed framework (for molded gypsum and Carrara marble) with the exception of one new coalescence pattern. Crack processes and coalescence patterns suggest a more tensile behavior as grain size increases from gypsum to marble to granite. Similar to previous work in marble and granite, white patches are observed during compression tests. These white patches can be categorized as either diffuse or linear, with linear white patches further subdivided into two more types, namely boundary-following and through-going. The white patches are essentially process zones. The effect of water pressure on coalescence pattern is also investigated. Flaw water pressure is seen to affect coalescence in granite, although further work is needed.
by James Thomas Miller.
S.M.
Lyra, Diego da Silveira. "Anisotropia de Susceptibilidade Magnética (ASM) aplicada ao modelo de posicionamento do Granito Butiá: um granito sintectônico peraluminoso do sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/173883.
Full textThe post-collisional stage of the Brasiliano/Pan-African Orogenic Cycle in Southern Brazil is marked by metaluminous and peraluminous granites controlled by a transcurrent shear zone system. In the Rio Grande do Sul State, southernmost Brazil, the sinistral, NE-trending Dorsal de Canguçu Transcurrent Shear Zone (DCTSZ) is the best known structure that conditioned these peraluminous granites (ca. 634 – 610 Ma). However, the NNW-elongate Butiá Granite (BG – 629 Ma) is emplaced to the northwest of the DCTSZ, intrusive in the high-grade Várzea do Capivarita Complex (ca. 650 Ma). The BG has a S>L fabric, which foliation steeply dips towards NNW. Despite its poorly-developed linear fabric, BG emplacement is interpreted to have been controlled by a dextral transcurrent shear zone. Thus, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) study was performed in the BG aiming to constrain its emplacement mechanism and the relation of the granite with the regional shear zone system. A total of 492 specimens (180 drill cores) were obtained through 16 sites distributed along the BG main body. Magnetic mineralogy was investigated by hysteresis loops, thermomagnetic and IRM acquisition curves, and a complementary SEM analysis in representative samples. These experiments show a dominant contribution of paramagnetic phases and a small content of low-coercivity (e.g., magnetite and titanomagnetite) and highcoercivity (e.g., hematite) remanence-carrying minerals. In spite of the presence of minor ferromagnetic grains, the BG magnetic anisotropy fabric is interpreted as dominantly controlled by paramagnetic biotite crystals. The bulk magnetic susceptibility ranges between 0.1 and 8.0×10−5 SI. Shape parameter (T) ranges from 0.272 to 0.908, and anisotropy degree (P) ranges from 1.073 to 1.266, increasing from the inner portion of the pluton to its margins. The presence of dextral S-C magmatic fabric and high temperature (ca. 650 °C), solid-state deformation at the margins confirms that the pluton was deformed during its cooling process. Such features, together the magnetic fabric analysis, suggest that magma ascent and emplacement were controlled by a NNW-trending dextral transcurrent shear zone. Close to the host-rocks, magnetic foliation dips steeply towards W or E, and magnetic lineation plunges steeply to moderate, displaying strongly-oblate ellipsoids. This is interpreted as a result of shortening and the significantly pure-shear component of deformation operating close to the host-rocks. Shallow-plunging lineation parallel to the NWto NNW-striking foliation is found away from the pluton margins, which is related to the horizontal displacement, where the simple-shear component of deformation was more effective, resulting stretching. Foliation becomes less steep towards the BG northeastern portion and the presence of roof pendants in this area suggests the proximity to the roof zone. The combination of buoyancy forces and the partitioning of regional strain into simple and pure shear are in accordance with a transpressive regime. These results also suggest a time-space relationship between the NNW-dextral shear zone that controlled the emplacement of the Butiá Granite and the sinistral, NE-trending DCTSZ, responsible for the emplacement of peraluminous granites. Possibly, these zones formed a conjugate pair during the transcurrent deformation of the early post-collisional stage of the Brasiliano/PanAfrican Cycle in southernmost Brazil.
Eriksson, Fredrik, and Johan Hultgren. "Kostnadseffektivisering vid tillverkning av ytterhylsa : 40/57mm granat." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6233.
Full textDenna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete som utförts av Fredrik Eriksson och Johan Hultgren, studenter vid fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap på Karlstads universitet. Arbetet omfattar 22,5 högskolepoäng och är den avslutade delen på Maskiningenjörsprogrammet respektive Innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet.
Arbetsgivaren har varit Partnertech Karlskoga AB som fick ett uppdrag från BAE Systems Bofors angående möjligheten att kostnadseffektivisera mellankaliber 40mm och 57mm kulspränggranater genom att titta på alternativa material och tillverkningsmetoder. Produkterna som arbetet behandlar går under benämning ytterhylsa och är en delkomponent av den färdiga kulspränggranaten. Ytterhylsorna tillverkas idag från massiv rundstång av material SS2242 (Orvar Supreme) genom skärande bearbetning i CNC-svarv och anses idag vara för dyr för att uppfylla de krav som ställs på nästa generations ammunition. Det får inte förekomma några dimensionsändringar på ytterhylsorna och den färdiga konstruktionens funktionalitet och säkerhet skall vara oförändrad.
En väl genomförd research var ett måste för att kunna gå vidare med problemet. Möten bokades med berörda personer som har erfarenhet av produkterna och viktiga underlag samlades in och studerades. Detta lade grunden för det fortsatta arbetet som delades upp i tre delar, utgångsmaterial, material och tillverkningsmetoder.
Undersökning av alternativa utgångsmaterial:
Alla tänkbara utgångsmaterial till produkterna listades och jämfördes. Alternativa utgångsmaterial som skulle kunna kostnadseffektivisera produkterna är rör, plåt, ämnesrör, gjutgods och smitt ämne.
Undersökning av alternativa material:
Materialvalet har gjorts med hjälp av materialinformation tillgängligt från uppdragsgivaren och med hjälp av materialvalsprogram som finns på Karlstads Universitet. Materialet ska uppfylla kraven för produkterna, vara standardiserat och känt av uppdragsgivaren samt vara billigare vid inköp.
Undersökning av alternativa tillverkningsmetoder:
Med vilka tillverkningsmetoder skulle man kunna framställa ytterhylsorna billigare i kombination med alternativt utgångsmaterial och material.
Utifrån de alternativa utgångsmaterial, material och tillverkningsmetoder som tagits fram förfrågades berörda företag angående offerering av materialpris eller tillverkningspris för att kunna beräkna vilken kostnadsbesparing som åstadkommits. De tre mest kostnadsbesparande koncepten har presenterats för BAE Systems och tester har utförts för att bekräfta konceptens gångbarhet och potential.
This thesis report is the result of a thesis work that has been carried out by Fredrik Eriksson and Johan Hultgren, two students at the faculty of technology and science at the University of Karlstad. The thesis work count for 22, 5 points and is the final part of the bachelor degree of Mechanical science and the bachelor degree of Innovation and design.
The thesis work has been carried out at Partnertech Karlskoga who received a request from BAE Systems Bofors regarding the possibility of reducing the production cost of the medium caliber (40 mm and 57 mm) fragmentation grenades by finding alternative materials and manufacturing methods. The specific products that have been analyzed in this report goes by the name outer shells and it is a structural part of the fragmentation grenades assembly. The outer shells is CNC- milled from a round bar made of SS2242 (Orvar Supreme). This process and choice of material are too expensive for the new ammunition program known as "Next Generation Ammunition". During the search of new materials and alternative manufacturing methods it is prohibited to make any changes to the products geometry or to make changes that may jeopardize the safe handling of the grenades.
A thorough research was carried out in order to get a perspective of the complex problem. Meetings with people that have wide knowledge about the products were scheduled and important documents were collected and studied thoroughly. All this information made up the cornerstones of the project which was divided into the three following steps:
The search for alternative starting materials:
A list of all the available starting materials was made so they could be compared easily with each other. Alternative material forms that could reduce the production cost of the outer shell are pipes, sheet metal, thick walled pipes, cast metal or forged metal.
The search for alternative materials:
The choice of material to the outer shells was made with information received from BAE Systems and the application of a material selection program available at Karlstad University. The material of choice should fulfill all the mechanical demands, be standardized, have a lower retail price and should preferably already be known by BAE Systems.
The search for alternative manufacturing methods:
New manufacturing methods were combined with the alternative starting materials and materials in order to see which combination that generates the highest cost reduction.
With the alternative material forms, materials and manufacturing methods known, suitable companies where contacted and asked to leave quotes on manufacturing prices or retail prices so that the cost savings could be calculated. When three final concepts of materials and manufacturing methods where established the process of evaluating the new methods began. Tests were made to prove that the methods work and can be applied in full scale manufacturing. The three concepts and the test results were handed over to BAE Systems for further evaluation.
CAVALCANTI, Lúcio Flávio Moreira. "Granito Azul Sucuru: estudo da viabilidade de uso através da caracterização tecnológica." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17779.
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CAPEs
A preocupação ambiental tem se tornado comum nas empresas de mineração que buscam conciliar o desenvolvimento frente às questões de sustentabilidade. Diante disso, busca-se neste breve estudo apresentar possibilidades de um melhor aproveitamento dos rejeitos do Granito Sucuru, cuja jazida encontra-se desativada, a qual se situa na região do Cariri Paraibano, no município de Sumé, PB. A proposta de estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva da região analisada e preservação do ambiente, buscando ao longo desse estudo mitigar os efeitos dos impactos ambientais gerados e a necessidade de dar uma destinação econômica aos rejeitos gerados pelas atividades da cadeia produtiva da região, objetivando criar uma área de deposição comum para os estoques remanescentes do rejeito, dando a estes uma destinação econômica, gerando ocupação e renda a comunidade local, ao tempo em que atenua os impactos ambientais gerados pela exploração do granito Azul Sucuru na região de Sumé, PB. Assim, a pesquisa do campo ambiental e da mineralogia das rochas industriais abrangeu a observação direta da área analisada, a pesquisa bibliográfica voltada aos estudos ambientais e a sua possível interface com os estudos das aplicações de rochas industriais para a construção civil, os ensaios laboratoriais, que analisaram os índices físicos, a análise granulométrica da rocha, investigações de microscopia em seções delgadas e também em grãos, complementados por análises de difratometria de raios X. Portanto, com esse estudo é possível se analisar uma melhor viabilidade econômica e ambiental da área compreendida pelo Granito Sucuru, na qual os rejeitos possam ser aproveitados sob a forma de brita e argamassa para a indústria, além de poder ser usado na forma de rocha ornamental e de revestimento sendo aplicada em revestimentos internos e/ou externos, seja em áreas secas e/ou úmidas e também em pisos de grande intensidade de pisoteio. Ainda, os rejeitos do “Azul Sucuru” podem ter aproveitamento sob a forma de brita para construção civil, apesar de apresentar 27% de britas de forma alongada. Isto não seria empecilho para uso na confecção de concretos desde que cuidados devam ser tomados quanto à forma e dimensão do grão para evitar que as mesmas fiquem presas entre as barras de aço que compõem a armadura e dificultem o adensamento do concreto, podendo causar problemas como segregação da mistura e vazios nas fôrmas.
Environmental concern has become commonplace in the mining companies seeking to reconcile the forward development to sustainability issues . Therefore , we seek to present this brief study possibilities for a better use of the Granite Sucuru waste , whose field is turned off, which is located in Paraíba Cariri region , in the municipality of Sumé , PB . The study proposal was aimed at the development of the productive chain of the analyzed region and preserving the environment, seeking throughout this study mitigate the effects of the generated environmental impacts and the need to give an economic allocation of the waste generated by the activities of the production chain in the region , aimed at creating a common deposition area for the remaining stocks of the waste, giving them an economic destination, generating jobs and income to the local community, to the time that mitigates the environmental impacts generated by the exploitation of granite Blue Sucuru in Sumé region PB. So research the environmental field and mineralogy of industrial rocks covered the direct observation of the analyzed area, the literature focused on environmental studies and their possible interface with the studies of applications of industrial rocks for construction, laboratory testing, who analyzed the physical indices, the particle size analysis of rock, microscopy investigations into thin sections and also in grains, supplemented by diffraction analysis X-ray Therefore, with this study it is possible to analyze a better economic and environmental viability of understood area by Sucuru granite, in which the wastes can be recovered in the form of crushed stone and mortar industry and can also be used as ornamental rock and coating being applied in internal and / or external cladding, either in dry areas and / or wet and also in intensive trampling floors. Also, the rejects of the " Blue Sucuru " may have use in the form of crushed rock , building construction , despite having 27% of gravel elongated . This would be no bar to use in the making of concrete since care should be taken in form and grain size to prevent them from becoming trapped between the steel barsthat make up the armor and hinder the consolidation of concrete and can cause problems such as segregation of the mixture and the empty molds.
Arrivabene, Lúcio Flávio. "Adição de resíduo da indústria de granito em escória de aciaria BOF visando sua utilização na produção de cimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-03072013-151931/.
Full textSteel making requires production stages and generates waste, such as steel slag. In the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, granite mining is one of the main economic activities, wich generates granite sawing waste. This study aims at reusing these two types waste in order to minimize possible environmental problems; point out the technical feasibility of their use; and recycle them by using in cement. Some of the main components of steel slag, such as calcium oxide, oxides, and metallic iron undergo chemical transformations in the presence of humidity, wich cause slag volume expansion. This phenomenon, combined with slag reactivity, has made its use difficult. This study is a contribution to the study on reusing steel slag (ss) and granite sawing waste (gsw) deriving from granite mining. These types of waste are available in large amounts in the yards of steelmaking plants and granite mining areas, respectively. In order to reuse waste, physical, chemical and mineralogical characterizations were carried out. Different mix proportions were made with ss and gsw so as to allow the evaluation of the properties obtained from these mix designs, aiming at their use in cement production. The tests sought steel slag basicity between 4 and 5, for values close to those of blast-furnace slag ranging from 0.9 to 1.5, whose use in cement production has been standardized since 1991 ( NBR 5735, ABNT 1991). Mix designes with basicity between 0,9 and 4 were studied, and a mix with basicity 1.2 was chosen to be used in cement production. Throughout the investigation, 3 types of cement needed to be made until all the technical and operational problems arising were solved. Their properties were measured and compared to those of blast-furnace cement. The analyses of the achieved results for the cement made with that mix are presented and they show the potential use of these types of waste as admixture elements to cement, despite material heterogeneity.