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Academic literature on the topic 'Grammatical constraints'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Grammatical constraints"

1

Kim, Nayoun, Katy Carlson, Mike Dickey, and Masaya Yoshida. "Processing gapping: Parallelism and grammatical constraints." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 5 (2020): 781–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820903461.

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This study aims to test two hypotheses about the online processing of Gapping: whether the parser inserts an ellipsis site in an incremental fashion in certain coordinated structures (the Incremental Ellipsis Hypothesis), or whether ellipsis is a late and dispreferred option (the Ellipsis as a Last Resort Hypothesis). We employ two offline acceptability rating experiments and a sentence fragment completion experiment to investigate to what extent the distribution of Gapping is controlled by grammatical and extra-grammatical constraints. Furthermore, an eye-tracking while reading experiment demonstrated that the parser inserts an ellipsis site incrementally but only when grammatical and extra-grammatical constraints allow for the insertion of the ellipsis site. This study shows that incremental building of the Gapping structure follows from the parser’s general preference to keep the structure of the two conjuncts maximally parallel in a coordination structure as well as from grammatical restrictions on the distribution of Gapping such as the Coordination Constraint.
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Price, P. J., Y. ‐L Chow, M. O. Dunham, et al. "Grammatical constraints and recognition performance." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 80, S1 (1986): S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023686.

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Meisel, Jürgen M. "Code-Switching in Young Bilingual Children." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 16, no. 4 (1994): 413–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100013449.

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This study examines the role of grammatical prerequisites on code-switching in young bilingual children. It is proposed that code-switching is constrained not only by grammatical properties of the languages involved; it is also regulated by principles and mechanisms of language use. Constraints on code-switching are therefore defined as processing principles that, however, depend on grammatical knowledge. They ensure that switching does not result in a violation of grammatical coherence, defined in terms of both linear sequencing and structural configuration. Some of these claims are tested empirically, analyzing the speech of two bilingual children acquiring French and German simultaneously. It is argued that even in the earliest uses of mixing, constraints are not violated; in many cases they do not apply because the relevant grammatical relations do not yet hold. Code-switching is nevertheless used from early on in accordance with these constraints, as soon as a certain kind of grammatical knowledge is accessible. Most importantly, functional categories have to be implemented in the child's grammar.
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Abdurrahman, Israa B. "HOW HAS OPTIMALITY THEORY ACHIEVED THE GOALS OF LINGUISTIC THEORY." Al-Adab Journal, no. 111 (March 15, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i111.1530.

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Optimality Theory (OT) is a grammatical framework of recent origin presented by Prince and Smolensky in 1993. The central idea of Optimality Theory is that surface forms of language reflect resolutions of conflicts between competing constraints. A surface form is ‘optimal’ in the sense that it incurs the least serious violations of a set of violable constraints, ranked in a language-specific hierarchy. Constraints are universal and languages differ in the ranking of constraints, giving priorities to some constraints over others. Such rankings are based on ‘strict’ domination: if one constraint outranks another, the higher-ranked constraint has priority, regardless of violations of the lower-ranked one. However, such violation must be minimal, which predicts the economy property of grammatical processes. This paper tries to seek the clues to prove that optimality theory achieves the goals of linguistic theory successfully
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Forrest, Jon. "Community rules and speaker behavior: Individual adherence to group constraints on (ING)." Language Variation and Change 27, no. 3 (2015): 377–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394515000137.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the degree to which individual speakers follow the morphosyntactic hierarchy governing grammatical constraints on (ING) in the Southern U.S. city of Raleigh, North Carolina. (ING) was used as the variable of study for its well-studied internal constraints and comparability to previous studies on the internal constraints oft/ddeletion. A lexical category constraint hierarchy for the community was determined via multivariate mixed-effects statistical models, and each speaker's (ING) pattern was compared to this hierarchy. Results show maintenance in grammatical constraints even when taking phonological factors into account, unlike some work ont/ddeletion. Uniformity exists across speakers with respect to the ordering of internal constraints despite the overall decline in rates of –inover time, but constraint weights (expressed as log odds) vary significantly from speaker to speaker, with no correlates to social or internal factors. These results have consequences for representation of individuals in terms of an aggregate pattern, questioning the consistency of factor weight values at the speaker level despite consistent ordering of constraints.
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Kostic, Aleksandar, and Milena Bozic. "Constraints on probability distributions of grammatical forms." Psihologija 40, no. 1 (2007): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0701005k.

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In this study we investigate the constraints on probability distribution of grammatical forms within morphological paradigms of Serbian language, where paradigm is specified as a coherent set of elements with defined criteria for inclusion. Thus, for example, in Serbian all feminine nouns that end with the suffix "a" in their nominative singular form belong to the third declension, the declension being a paradigm. The notion of a paradigm could be extended to other criteria as well, hence, we can think of noun cases, irrespective of grammatical number and gender, or noun gender, irrespective of case and grammatical number, also as paradigms. We took the relative entropy as a measure of homogeneity of probability distribution within paradigms. The analysis was performed on 116 morphological paradigms of typical Serbian and for each paradigm the relative entropy has been calculated. The obtained results indicate that for most paradigms the relative entropy values fall within a range of 0.75 - 0.9. Nonhomogeneous distribution of relative entropy values allows for estimating the relative entropy of the morphological system as a whole. This value is 0.69 and can tentatively be taken as an index of stability of the morphological system.
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7

Meyer, Charles F. "GRAMMATICAL AND PRAGMATIC EFFECTS ON EMPATHY CONSTRAINTS." Studia Linguistica 40, no. 2 (1986): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9582.1986.tb00766.x.

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8

Omaki, Akira. "Grammatical constraints and reductionism in sentence processing." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3, no. 3 (2013): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.3.3.10oma.

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9

Fried, Mirjam. "Constructing grammatical meaning." Studies in Language 31, no. 4 (2007): 721–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.31.4.02fri.

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In a usage-based analysis of four syntactic reflexives in Czech, this paper examines the question of representing speakers’ knowledge of polyfunctional grammatical categories. I argue that the reflexives form a prototype-based network of partially overlapping grammatical patterns, organized by the pragmatic concept of unexpected referential status in agent–patient relations. This concept is manifested in four distinct communicative functions: marking referential identity between agent and patient roles; distancing discourse participants from their involvement in the reported event; recasting a transitive event as a spontaneous change of state; expressing an attitude toward the reported event. Each function is shown to conventionally co-occur with a set of properties involving various combinations of the following: preferences in aspect and transitivity; semantic and/or pragmatic constraints on agents and patients; verb semantics; shifts in modality and pragmatic force; morphosyntactic constraints. Overall, the analysis supports the view that grammatical categories cannot be properly defined outside of broader grammatical context, thus arguing for a constructional approach to linguistic structure and for re-interpreting the principle of isomorphism in terms of ‘constructions’ in the sense of Construction Grammar.
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Coetzee, Andries W. "A comprehensive model of phonological variation: grammatical and non-grammatical factors in variable nasal place assimilation." Phonology 33, no. 2 (2016): 211–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675716000117.

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The past two decades have seen the development of several constraint-based models of phonological grammar that can handle variable phenomena. Most of these models, however, are purely grammatical, and do not allow for the contribution of non-grammatical factors towards determining the frequency structure of variation. This paper reviews different approaches to phonological variation, focusing on how grammatical and non-grammatical factors co-determine patterns of variation. Based on this review, a model is developed that incorporates influences from both grammatical and non-grammatical factors. The proposed model is grammar-dominant, in the sense that grammar defines the space of possible variation while non-grammatical factors only contribute towards the frequency with which the grammar determined forms are observed. Following Coetzee & Kawahara (2013), the model is developed in a version of noisy Harmonic Grammar that allows non-grammatical factors to scale the weights of faithfulness constraints up or down.
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