Journal articles on the topic 'Grammatica Amharica'
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1
Ahland, Michael. "From topic to subject." Studies in Language 33, no. 3 (July 23, 2009): 685–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.33.3.06ahl.
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The predicative possessive construction in Amharic exhibits a mismatch in grammatical coding: the possessor receives object marking on the verb while the overt NP exhibits phenomena associated with nominative case in Amharic. This article investigates the mismatch in light of its historical development as attested in archaisms found in proverbs and old Biblical texts, examines both overt and covert syntactic properties of the possessor today, and also considers evidence from other related constructions. The possessive construction developed from the existential construction where the possessor corresponded to a locative/recipient and today shows evidence of developing subject status.
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Kramer, Ruth. "Gender in Amharic: a morphosyntactic approach to natural and grammatical gender." Language Sciences 43 (May 2014): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.10.004.
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Mulu, Alemebante, and Vishal Goyal. "Context-Based Text Completion System for Amharic Language." JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 66, no. 03 (2022): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37398/jsr.2022.660326.
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This paper discusses the practical aspects of easiness in communication using Short Message Service (SMS), E-mailing, correcting misspelt words and checking the grammatical mistakes. There are different data entry mechanisms to insert a text on the computer machine as well as a mobile device, such as a keyboard, soft keys, speech etc. The paper proposed to develop a contextbased auto text completion system for the Amharic language specifically to correct misspelling on Short Message Service (SMS), E-mailing and helps to correct the grammar mistakes as well. Data entry technique can be inserted with the support of text completion (predictive) or non-predictive. Therefore, we are using a statistical model, Predictive Partial Match (PPM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) approaches for implementing the Amharic contextbased text completion system. Since the system is developed by using the context-based and statistical model, we adopted the Amharic Part of Speech (POS) tagger system. For training and testing the system, we are using 395,464 unique words with frequency and 750,000 sentences that has been prepared by the Walta Information Centre (WIA) and Ethiopia News Agency (ENA). All those data have been used to build the Amharic dictionary, the corpus of the system and to calculate the frequency occurrences of each word as well. Finally, the results show a 14% improvement from traditional frequency-based Amharic word prediction system.
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Gensler, Orin D. "Grammaticalization of qәl ‘gourd’ in Amharic." Afrika und Übersee 93 (December 31, 2020): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.212.
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The Amharic word qəl ‘gourd’ represents a rare case where a plant term serves as the source of a grammaticalization chain. The development occurred in two stages, first metaphoric change, then grammaticalization proper: gourd > skull/head > Intensive (never Plain) Reflexive (‘he himself, etc.’). This process was entangled with the grammatical evolution of two other words, ras and gəll. Ras, which is the basic unmarked term for ‘head’, as such underwent the basic unmarked grammaticalization into a Plain Reflexive (and only secondarily into an Intensive Reflexive). The other word, gəll ‘separate, individual’, phonetically quite similar to qəl but with no etymological connection to ‘head’, grammaticalized directly to the meaning ‘one’s own, by oneself’, thence secondarily to an Intensive Reflexive (but never a Plain Reflexive). Thus two near-synonyms (qəl, ras ‘head’) underwent two parallel grammaticalizations, but yielding different results: qəl, unlike ras, was never a Plain Reflexive. Why? The distinctive semantic evolution of qəl, I suggest, was partly driven by its phonetic similarity to the historically unrelated gəll, which also was never a Plain Reflexive. The phonetic similarity helped to foster a semantic attraction between the two grammaticalizing morphemes.
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Rouaud, Alain. "De quand date le Manuale d'Afä-Wärq Gäbrä-Iyäsus?" Aethiopica 1 (September 13, 2013): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.1.1.653.
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At the end of his life when he was the Ethiopian ambassador in Italy, Afä-Wärq (1868–1947) published a short handbook of Amharic language for Italians. Several chronological cross-checkings make us sure that the book has been published in 1934 or 1936. But most probably we may trace back the grammatical and ideological contents to the beginning of this century. It shows that Afä-Wärq had kept fidelity to his first ideas in favour of a modern Ethiopia.
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Miftah, Mohammed. "Analysis of Morphological Shifts Gender and Number Shift Observed in the Translation of the Holy Qur’aan from Arabic into Amharic." International Journal of Social Sciences 6, no. 24 (February 20, 2022): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.6.24.3.
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Abstract In this article, morphological shifts, number and gender shits observed in the translation of the Holy Qur’aan from Arabic into Amharic have been discussed and analyzed. Shifts in agreement in number and gender between parts of a sentence have been discussed. From the discussion given in the article one can conclude that agreement in number and gender is sensitive to word order in Arabic. For example, when the subject follows the verb the suffixes that show agreement are absent, but they are obligatorily present if the subject precedes the verb. Therefore, sometimes agreement in number and gender may not be strict in Arabic. However, in Amharic there should always be strict agreement in gender and number. Therefore shifts in number and gender have been obligatorily made by the translators of the Holy Qur’aan from Arabic into Amharic to produce grammatical sentences in the target language structure. However, in some instances, as discussed in the article, the translators closely adhered to the source language structure which produced ungrammatical or unknown structures in the target language structure. This may make some structures in the target text incomprehensible. Key Words: Source text, target text, target language structure, morphological shifts, gender and number Shift
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Daniel, Aberra. "Grammaticalization of the Amharic word fit face from a body part to grammatical meanings." Journal of Languages and Culture 7, no. 9 (October 31, 2016): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jlc2016.0364.
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Wagner, Ewald. "Betrachtungen zu Harariner grammatischen Termini." Aethiopica 17 (December 19, 2014): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.17.1.863.
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In 1986, Abdurahmān Maḥamad Qorām published a Harari Grammar which made him the first Harari to describe his mother tongue in the language, itself. For this purpose he had to invent a grammatical terminology in Harari. 26 years later, Ali Naji, also a native speaker, used in his book on Harari grammar almost the same terms. That shows that Qorām’s terminology has won acceptance in the meantime.The present article investigates the means which Qorām applied to create the new terminology. Rarely he took over the terms of foreign languages unchanged. More often he translated Arabic, English and Amharic terms. In most cases, however, he formed new expressions, exploiting the inherent lingusitic possibilities of the Harari language.
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T.Y., Zeleke. "Valency Increasing in South Ethio-Semitic." Macrolinguistics 10, no. 16 (June 30, 2022): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2022.10.16.5.
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The present paper focuses on a descriptive method of valency-increasing devices in five South Ethio-Semitic languages (Amharic, Harari, Kɨstane, Məsqan, and Endəgaɲ). The five languages were selected for two reasons. The first reason is that conducting a valency study on all South Ethio-Semitic languages would have been impossible. With limited resources and time, it will prove difficult to cover all languages. The second reason is that, except for Amharic, these languages are known for being the least studied. Most of them even lack sufficient recording and description. So this research needs to choose the representative language in each branch. As a result, no explicit theoretical framework is followed; data analysis is guided solely by a descriptive perspective. The study’s data was gathered by consulting native speakers via elicitation. Valency has been considered as both a semantic and syntactic notion. As a semantic notion, it is used to refer to the participants in an event; as a syntactic notion, it is used to indicate the number of arguments in a construction. There are different types of transitivity classes of verbs in the South Ethio-Semitic Language, which is spoken in Ethiopia: intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive. Apart from these, there are verbs that can be used both intransitively and transitively. The facts that provide clear evidence for grammatical relations in South Ethio-Semitic languages are crucial to the study of the concept of valency-increasing devices. As is the case in many languages, South Ethio-Semitic languages possess morphosyntactic means through which the valency of verbs can be adjusted. The application of these morphosyntactic processes decreases or increases the valency of verbs. This article looks at valency-increasing devices in Causative and Applicative South Ethio-Semitic languages.
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Amberber, Mengistu. "The grammatical encoding of thinking in Amharic." Cognitive Linguistics 14, no. 2-3 (January 12, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogl.2003.008.
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Feleke, Tekabe Legesse, and Terje Lohndal. "The role of differential cross-linguistic influence and other constraints in predictive L2 gender processing." Glossa Psycholinguistics 3, no. 1 (July 17, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/g60111325.
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Previous studies on the use of morphosyntactic gender cues for linguistic prediction show that non-native speakers’ use of grammatical gender information is influenced by various factors. In the present study, we examined the influence of differential cross-linguistic influence (DCLI), knowledge of L2 lexical gender, gender congruency, and L2 fluency. To this end, we investigated L1 Oromo L2 Amharic speakers as well as L1 Amharic speakers, using the Visual World Paradigm (VWP) and supplementary offline experiments. We investigated two groups of L2 Amharic speakers, i.e., L1 Eastern Oromo L2 Amharic and L1 Western Oromo L2 Amharic speakers. The Eastern Oromo dialect patterns with Amharic in terms of gender agreement unlike the Western Oromo dialect which does not have grammatical gender. Analyses of the participants’ proportion of eye fixations show that early exposure to the gendered Eastern Oromo dialect facilitates predictive L2 gender processing. L2 fluency, the speakers’ knowledge of L2 lexical gender, and specific properties of the gender cues modulate predictive L2 gender processing. However, there is no significant influence of lexical gender congruency. The study has ecological significance as it presents empirical data from understudied languages.
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Guss-Kosicka, Marlene. "Amharisch lernen mit Montessoris Wortartensymbolen." Aethiopica 22 (March 5, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.22.0.1273.
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The study of Amharic presents German-speaking students with a rather difficult task. In addition to a new writing system and some unfamiliar sounds, they have to learn many grammatical structures that differ significantly from those found in the German language. This is especially true of the Amharic verbal system, which is characterized by a great variety of forms, some of which—the relative verbal form, the gerundive, or the qualifying copula constructions—do not exist in German. In addition, Amharic differs greatly from German in the arrangement of the elements within a sentence. These syntactic differences are a great challenge when learning Amharic. Thus, this article describes a method of learning some elements of Amharic syntax, making them more accessible to students. In order to make the grammatical structures visible, the word symbols developed by the Italian doctor and teacher Maria Montessori are used as aids. The individual types of words in a sentence are represented by symbols, for instance verbs by a red circle, nouns by a black triangle, or adjectives by a blue triangle, thus illustrating the word order and facilitating language learning.
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Faust, Noam. "Intrusion as Template Satisfaction and the QaTaT-QaTa Problem in Semitic." Linguistic Inquiry, November 9, 2023, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00524.
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Abstract The paper focuses on the realization strategies of the final C-slot of templates hosting /j/-final roots in Hebrew and Amharic. Two of these strategies, nonrealization and realization through templatic intrusion, are motivated by a constraint *Misalignment. The latter strategy occurs only in nouns, because it employs a suffix marking noncontextual grammatical gender.
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Leyew, Zelealem. "What is in a Name? Personal Names in Hadiyya." Oslo Studies in Language 8, no. 1 (February 10, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.4427.
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The aim of this paper is to describe the system behind personal names in Hadiyya. The bulk of the paper analyses the semantics of personal names. Hadiyya personal names express social, economic and political circumstances accompanying the birth of a child. Name givers express their wishes, desires and emotions through personal names. The close examination of names over generations indicates a gradual shift from typical Had-iyya names to modified Amharic-based names. Since the advent of Christianity in the region, Biblical names have also become common. The historical underpinnings for the shift to Amharic-based and Biblical names are language and cultural contact. All Hadiyya personal names display vowel endings that mark case and gender. Like other nouns in the language, per-sonal names can have simple, derived or compound form. Interestingly, most Hadiyya personal names can be translated freely with relative or agentive readings. Personal names can have a perfective reading describing past experience or an imperfective reading expressing wishes for the future. Though Hadiyya is a morphologically complex language and hence all the above grammatical notions are overtly marked, they are omitted in the morphology of personal names. The use of inflectional and derivational morphemes is minimal. Hadiyya personal names are therefore special word classes that tend to display a simplified morphosyntactic structure and free translation.
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Busau, Filip. "Proverbs in Language Teaching: Using the Example of Let’s Speak Tigrinya (2018)." Aethiopica 23 (April 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.23.0.1347.
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Proverbs have been used in language teaching for centuries. Nowadays, language learners associate mastery of this traditionally oral genre to a certain level of fluency and regard it as an access key to a deeper understanding of the native speakers’ culture. The recently released Tǝgrǝñña coursebook Let’s Speak Tigrinya (2018) contains almost fifty proverbs, and provides students with an insight into this old and rich tradition. However, owing to the lack of commentary or translation, the paper here seeks to compensate for this deficiency. In comparison with several Tǝgrǝñña proverb collections, it becomes apparent that the expressions listed in the textbook are common in Eritrea as well as in the Tǝgray region, in several alternative variations, some of which have been attested to in earlier European research works. A few examples even have an Amharic equivalent. The proverbs focused on here cover a wide range of both grammatical and everyday life topics and should be implemented in a more effective manner than the textbook provides. However, due to the lack of translations and occasional misprints, their accessibility is radically reduced and of little use for the individual language learner unassisted by a classroom situation.