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Wuttipornpong, Tikamporn, and n/a. "Thai students' opinions on adding communicative tasks to grammar- based English classes." University of Canberra. Languages & International Education, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061110.172231.
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This study explores opinions of university Thai EFL students, who have been subject to a
conventional teaching approach for years, on adding communicative tasks in grammarbased
classes drawing from relevant literature and previous studies. The results of the
study suggest that Thai students want to have communicative tasks in grammar learning,
but only with formal instruction prior to the tasks. The study also shows how
communicative tasks may be integrated into conventional language pedagogy from Thai
students in the study's perspectives and relevant literature.
As expected, the results indicated that Thai students were reluctant to complete tasks in
English because of shyness, particularly when conversing with peers, a lack of
competence in language skills, and fear over losing face. The interviews conducted with
students revealed instructional techniques that they themselves believed would be
beneficial in encouraging greater participation in tasks without inhibitions.
Finally, the study concludes that Thai EFL students are ready to be trained in
communicative tasks and that instruction in Thai EFL classes should shift from
substantially form-based to more communication-based instruction.
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Шленёва, Марина Геннадиевна. "Place of the grammar tasks in system of study Ukrainian as foreign language." Thesis, Харківський національний університет будівництва та архітектури, 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/33731.
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The feature of grammatical material is that its assimilation doesn't remain at the level of perception. It requires realization in the corresponding skills which are reached by trainings. The didactic essence of methods is that the teacher directs foreign students to development language skills by means of special tasks.
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Juzek, Thomas Stephan. "Acceptability judgement tasks and grammatical theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b276ec98-5f65-468b-b481-f3d9356d86a2.
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This thesis considers various questions about acceptability judgement tasks (AJTs). In Chapter 1, we compare the prevalent informal method of syntactic enquiry, researcher introspection, to formal judgement tasks. We randomly sample 200 sentences from Linguistic Inquiry and then compare the original author judgements to online AJT ratings. Sprouse et al., 2013, provided a similar comparison, but they limited their analysis to the comparison of sentence pairs and to extreme cases. We think a comparison at large, i.e. involving all items, is more sensible. We find only a moderate match between informal author judgements and formal online ratings and argue that the formal judgements are more reliable than the informal judgements. Further, the fact that many syntactic theories rely on questionable informal data calls the adequacy of those theories into question. In Chapter 2, we test whether ratings for constructions from spoken language and constructions from written language differ if presented as speech vs as text and if presented informally vs formally. We analyse the results with an LME model and find that neither mode of presentation nor formality are significant factors. Our results suggest that a speaker's grammatical intuition is fairly robust. In Chapter 3, we quantitatively compare regular AJT data to their Z-scores and ranked data. For our analysis, we test resampled data for significant differences in statistical power. We find that Z-scores and ranked data are more powerful than raw data across most common measurement methods. Chapter 4 examines issues surrounding a common similarity test, the TOST. It has long been unclear how to set its controlling parameter d. Based on data simulations, we outline a way to objectively set d. Further results suggest that our guidelines hold for any kind of data. The thesis concludes with an appendix on non-cooperative participants in AJTs.
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Chan, Shiu-yip Simon, and 陳肇業. "Consciousness-raising tasks for second language grammar instruction: effects on average ability secondarystudents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47967626.
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Within the framework of task-based language teaching, various types of tasks have been proposed, yet in English as foreign language classroom contexts where learners’ exposure to target language input is often limited, the adoption of form-focused tasks seems to receive much credit. Although the potential academic gains brought forth by such tasks have been studied in some previous quantitative research, the call for investigations into those tasks from a learner perspective remains warranted.
In this study I investigated the use of grammatical consciousness-raising (C-R) tasks as an inductive approach to grammar pedagogy in an EFL classroom from a learner perspective. While performing such tasks the informants, who were a class of secondary level English as foreign language learners, made discoveries about the targeted grammar items based on contextualized examples provided. In the study I first examined the extent to which adopting C-R tasks impacted on the informants’ learning of English grammar through pretests and posttests. Second, I elicited their perceptions of C-R tasks through a questionnaire and two semi-structured interviews. Third, with the think-aloud protocols method I studied the informants’ engagement with the grammar items presented through either C-R tasks or deductive explanation. The findings revealed that the majority of the informants were able to develop grammatical understanding through performing C-R tasks. They tended to respond positively to and show deep engagement with the grammar items presented though such tasks as well. To enhance the perceived effectiveness of such tasks and thus to maximize the effect of grammar teaching, I concluded by suggesting the need for teachers to make the learners fully aware of the nature of and rationale behind C-R tasks and to investigate whether and how such tasks can be integrated with other methodological options in realizing effective grammar instruction in their own contexts.published_or_final_version
Education
Doctoral
Doctor of Education
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麥雅儀 and Ah-yee Lena Mak. "Cantonese-speaking children's use of the aspect markers 'jo' and 'gan'in three experimental tasks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211768.
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Tang, Ka-Man, and 鄧嘉敏. "Integration of tasks into the 'presentation-practice-production' modelof grammar teaching in a primary context." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50177072.
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This action research explores ways of adapting Task-based language teaching for teaching grammar to Primary six Hong Kong students while maintaining the structural Presentation-Practice-Production approach. It integrates two kinds of focused tasks into the intervention. They are Consciousness-raising tasks and Practice-based tasks. It investigates learners‘perceptions of those two tasks on English grammar learning by collecting questionnaires and conducting interviews. After the first cycle of the intervention, the researcher analyzed the data, students‘performance and works in order to make adjustments for the second cycle. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were employed to collect data from high, average and low-achieving students.
It was found that students were positive towards Consciousness-raising tasks, Practice-based tasks and the intervention. They were generally satisfied with the chances provided for individual and group learning, teacher‘s PowerPoint presentation, teacher support and task sequencing. Implications for future research encompass investigation on the intervention‘s emphasis on a sequence of focused tasks to learn the form, meaning and use of target structures for leading learners to attain accuracy, fluency and complexity in second language acquisition. Most importantly, it suggests that teachers have to be flexible and design suitable tasks according to the target structures, students‘ability and learning style as well as available resources.published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education
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Rogers, Elizabeth Rachel. "The effect of a change in percepual verbs on intellectual realism errors in appearance-reality tasks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28275.
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Pillow & Flavell (1985) argue that the phrase 'look like' increases the tendency of young children to commit intellectual realism errors. The present study followed their procedures with the Block Arrays (which includes the Hidden Block task) and, in addition, included the identity task from a previous appearance-reality study by Flavell, Flavell & Green (1983). Forty-two three- and four-year-old preschoolers were presented with a variety of block arrays (Block Arrays task) and realistic-looking fake objects (Identity task) to observe. The subjects were tested on all of the stimulus items in one task before being tested on the second one. Half the subjects received the Block Arrays task first, half received the Identity task first. After the presentation of each array or object, the subject was asked a test question about its appearance while looking at it through a viewing tube. In the Look Like Condition, the test question included the words 'look like' and in the See Condition, the verb 'see' was used instead of 'look like'. If the subjects made any errors in the first condition (Look Like), they then received the second condition (See). No difference was found in the childrens' performance in the Hidden Block task but there was a difference in their performance in the Identity task. However, this difference cannot be attributed solely to the two wordings but rather to some interaction of task type and condition. Further analysis of the Look Like Condition revealed an Age-by-Task interaction in which the threes and fours performed differently in each task. A significant main effect for each of Task and Gender was also found in the Look Like Condition.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Torrie, Heather Colleen. "A Web-based Tool for Oral Practice and Assessment of Grammatical Structures." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1972.pdf.
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Gray, James Wesley. "Task-Based English Grammar Instruction: A Focus on Meaning." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253376.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第22540号
人博第943号
新制||人||224(附属図書館)
2019||人博||943(吉田南総合図書館)
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)准教授 高橋 幸, 教授 谷口 一美, 教授 STEWART Timothy William, 准教授 笹尾 洋介, 教授 田地野 彰
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Kapatsinski, Vsevolod M. "The architecture of grammar in artificial grammar learning formal biases in the acquisition of morphophonology and the nature of the learning task /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3358981.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Linguistics, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 10, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: A, page: . Advisers: David B. Pisoni; Kenneth J. de Jong.
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Mai, Hwai-min Aminah. "Grammar pedagogy and the task-based curriculum Hong Kong teachers' beliefs and practices /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3196347X.
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Stoness, Scott C. "Genetic adaptation of soft selectional restrictions, evolutionary computation and the grammar induction task." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0028/MQ51477.pdf.
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Mai, Hwai-min Aminah, and 買慧敏. "Grammar pedagogy and the task-based curriculum: Hong Kong teachers' beliefs and practices." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196347X.
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Gilanlioglu, Ilkay. "The effects of task features on lexis and grammar in L2 oral performance." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007383/.
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This thesis is based upon an experimental study designed to establish the effects of task features on lexis and grammar in L2 (English as a second or foreign language) learners' oral performance by investigating the complex interactions between a wide range of interrelating variables. Specifically, task conditions (the presence or absence of planning time with descriptive vs. narrative tasks) are analysed with respect to lexical measures (word range, lexis-to-grammar ratio, lexical density, lexical choice, syllabic range, lexical strategy use and evidence for lexical stretching) and to grammatical measures (complexity and accuracy), as well as to measures of fluency. The thesis aims to look into the relationship between lexis and grammar within the context of spoken discourse where task features like planning time and task type interact. It is particularly focussed on lexis (which has so far been underplayed in L2 acquisition research). The concept of lexical stretching is proposed, as a parallel to the already familiar notion of grammaticallinterlanguage stretching, and evidence for lexical stretching is provided by drawing parallels between the quantitative, statistical analysis of oral performances and qualitative analysis of protocols held with learners on the completion of tasks. The research study addresses such questions as the effect of the provision of planning time on lexical vs. grammatical stretching: is there a trade-off between them, and is this further influenced by task type (operationalised here as descriptive vs. narrativebased tasks)? It also examines the ways in which contextual and interpersonal factors influence interlanguage use, particularly the use of lexis and grammar. Based on the analyses (both quantitative and qualitative), it is concluded that not only are there interdependencies between lexis and grammar, and most strikingly within lexis, but also there are contextual and interpersonal constraints on L2 learners' output, suggesting an interaction of task features and contextual factors.
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Pinegar, Shannon K. "Are there Deleterious Effects of Accuracy Motivation and Reward on Intuitive Performance?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1416486838.
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Amin, Abdulrahman A. "Task-based and grammar-based English language teaching : an experimental study in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3583.
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In recent decades there have been many expressions of dissatisfaction with the traditional method of teaching foreign languages. This method tends to concentrate on grammar and vocabulary and produce students who are strong in this type of knowledge but weak in using the language communicatively. Consequently, attempts have been made to devise teaching methods that give students stronger communication skills and address students' questionnaire feedback. This study examines attempts to prove the efficacy of the communicative approach and, in particular, experiments to prove its superiority to the grammatical approach. Particular attention is paid to Task-Based Learning (TBL) as one of the most promising examples of the communicative teaching approach. The study finds that, although previous comparative studies supply mounting evidence of the value of the newer methods, none provides clear proof of the superiority of one method over the other, because the experiment was poorly designed, the sample was too small or the recorded data deficient. A students' feedback questionnaire carried out as a preliminary study also established clear dissatisfaction with the grammar courses run by the University of Umm al-Qura in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a thoroughgoing experiment based on the question: do learners who are taught an English course using the TBL method reach a better level of proficiency and oral improvement at the end of the course than their counterparts who are taught with the grammar-based or traditional method? The experiment was conducted over a twelve-week term with second-year science students following a compulsory English for Science course at the University of Umm al-Qura. A total of 283 students took part, divided into eight classes, of which four were taught with the grammar-based learning (GBL) method and four were taught with the TBL method. The students were allocated to classes so that the GBL and TBL groups had a similar standard of English at the start of the experiment. All the teaching was done by the researcher. Four measures were used to answer the research question. Oral tests before and after the experiment measured fluency, the course final examination measured accuracy, recorded classroom observations provided material for analysing the content and conduct of lessons and classroom behaviour, and a course evaluation questionnaire sought to assess students' attitudes. The results clearly show that the TBL method improves the fluency and accuracy of university students more than the GBL method, and that the TBL learners were more active in the lessons, used the target language more and took more responsibility than the GBL learners. The TBL students also enjoyed the course more than their GBL counterparts and were more motivated to continue their English studies.
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Chiu, Hazel Lai Wan. "Grammar teaching concepts and practice in the task-based secondary English curriculum of Hong Kong." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007359/.
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Grammar has often been a topic which receives attention in the English Language curricula of Hong Kong schools, irrespective of what teaching approaches are being endorsed. Particularly in the task-based English Language curriculum implemented in secondary schools from 2002, grammar is presented as one of the highlights. This thesis aims to investigate how grammar teaching is perceived and practised within the task-based secondary curriculum of Hong Kong. The study covers three major areas of investigation: (a) language teaching policy and curriculum in Hong Kong; (b) language and grammar teaching materials; and (c) individual teachers' grammar teaching concepts and practice. The purpose is to explore the transmission of curriculum ideas and examine whether theory, policy and practice align in the process of curriculum implementation. The first two areas were examined through literature review and materials analysis, to establish a context for interpreting the empirical data collected from lesson observations and interviews to investigate the third area of how grammar teaching was perceived and practised by individual teachers in their classrooms. Relationships among these three areas were examined in order to present a comprehensive picture of the concepts and practice concerning grammar teaching in Hong Kong secondary schools. From the planned curriculum in the curriculum documents to the enacted curriculum in language classrooms, a chain of intricate relationships is involved regarding the connection of curriculum ideas to second language teaching theory and research, the transference of curriculum ideas to textbooks and grammar teaching materials, and the implementation of curriculum ideas in the language classrooms by individual teachers. IV Results showed that curriculum ideas did not often transfer fully to teaching materials or apply to teaching practice as intended. There was evidence of interactions at different levels as participants in the curriculum implementation process engaged with and interpreted the curriculum ideas from their own perspectives of operationalising ideas in the intended curriculum. Through exploring these relationships, suggestions for grammar teaching within the secondary task-based curriculum have been proposed to inform future pedagogy, research and policy.
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Reese, Caitlin S. "The Implicit Artificial Grammar Task: Preliminary Evaluation of its Potential for Detection of Noncredible Effort/Malingering." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1406763394.
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Recker, Jan Christof. "Understanding process modelling grammar continuance : a study of the consequences of representational capabilities." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16656/.
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The graphical modelling of processes is of growing popularity and high relevance to organisations that seek to document, analyse and improve their business operations. This research investigates the phenomenon of continued user acceptance of the grammars that are used to build process models. It develops and tests a theory that can be used to explain and predict why users would opt to continue working with certain grammars in their process modelling efforts. This study builds on established theories, including the Technology Acceptance Model, Expectation-Confirmation Theory, Task-Technology Fit Theory and Representation Theory. These theories suggest that end users typically strive for tools that are useful and easy to use, which confirm their expectations through firsthand utility, and which match task requirements and individual abilities. Representation theory suggests that modelling grammars should be complete and clear in their capabilities to represent real-world domains. The research model has been designed by combining conceptual studies of acceptance and continuance theories with a representational analysis of the BPMN grammar, which is a recently ratified industry standard for process modelling and thereby of high practical relevance to process modelling practice. It further incorporates findings from nineteen semi-structured interviews with process modellers in Australia. The research model has been tested and validated by means of a web-based survey with 590 process modellers world-wide. This thesis contributes to the body of knowledge in a number of ways: First, it presents an empirically validated model of the factors determining a user's intention to continue using a process modelling grammar. Second, it measures the impact that grammar characteristics as well as user and task characteristics have on user evaluations of a process modelling grammar. Third, it presents empirical evidence on the consequences that perceived representational deficiencies entail on user perceptions of a process modelling grammar.
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Gokool, Roshni. "Principles of task-based course design for a Zulu second language course on socialization for businesss people." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50068.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The concept of exploring principles for designing a Zulu language learning course for business people stemmed from the need that there is not enough course material available for learners wanting to learn a second language. The preliminary component of the thesis is based on the theoretical framework for language learning theory advanced by Naam Chomsky, which is theory-driven and derives from an in-depth analysis of the properties of languages in an effort to determine the highly abstract principles of grammar. This study reviews the different definitions of second language learning and teaching employed by various linguists, for example, Cook, Odlin and Sharwood-Smith. It presents the different kinds of grammar explored in the analysis of a second language. Following the discussion of principles of grammar, a broad definition of the term 'universal grammar' (UG), is explored and how this UG model relates to views on teaching of Zulu, is identified. The thesis demonstrates the relation between second language learning and language teaching and the influence that UG has on language teaching. It will be argued that the theory of Chomsky and the knowledge of second language acquisition is suitable as a framework for language teaching because it incorporates the essence of second language learning that may be useful to a second language educator. Finally, this study will present the principles of task-based course design which will be followed by a discussion of the types of syllabuses required for the construction of communicative Zulu tasks. It is hoped that the conclusions arising from this study will assist in the development of research material and teaching aids for second language Zulu task-based courses, thus providing the field of second language teaching with efficient and successful language teachers and researchers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konsep van die ondersoek van beginsels vir die ontwerp van 'n Zulu taalvaardigheidskursus vir sakemense het ontstaan uit die behoefte aan gepaste onderrigmateriaal vir Zulu-tweedetaal onderrig aan die sakemense. Die aanvangskomponent van hierdie tesis is gegrond op die teoretiese raamwerk vir taalaanleer soos voorgestaan deur Chomsky. Die Chomskiaanse teorie van taalkennis is ontwikkel uit 'n in-diepte analise van die eienskappe van taalkennis ten einde die hoogsabstrakte beginsels van taal te bepaal. Die studie bied eers 'n oorsig van verskillende definisies van tweedetaalleer en -onderrig soos aangewend deur verskillende taalkundiges soos Cook, Odlin en Sharwood-Smith. Daar word 'n bespreking gegee van die verskillende sieninge van die aard van grammatika in tweedetaalonderrig. Na die bespreking van die beginsels van grammatika-onderrig in tweedetaalleer en -onderrig word die implikasies van die Chomsky se Universele Grammatika benadering beskou vir die tweedetaalonderrig van Zulu. Die tesis ondersoek ook die verband tussen tweedetaalleer en -onderrig en die invloed wat Universele Grammatika op taalonderrig het. Daar sal aangevoer word dat die UG teorie van Chomsky en die verband daarvan tot tweedetaalonderrig gepas is as 'n raamwerk vir tweedetaalonderrig omdat die essensiële beginsels van tweedetaalleer wat bruikbaar kan wees vir die taalonderrigpraktisyn. Die studie sal, laastens, die beginsels van taakgebaseerde kursusontwerp ondersoek, wat gevolg sal word deur 'n bespreking van die tipes sillabusse benodig vir die konstruksie van kommunikatiewe take in Zulu. Die gevolgtrekkings wat voortspruit uit hierdie studie kan bydra tot die navorsing van tweedetaalonderrig vir Zulu en die ontwerp van taalonderrigmateriale vir taakgebaseerde kursusse vir Zulu. Hierdeur kan 'n bydrae gemaak word tot die lewering van bekwame navorsers en taalonderrigpraktisyns vir Zulu tweedetaalonderrig.
IQOQA ZULU: Umqondo wokuhlela izifundo zesiZulu zomabhizinisi wavezwa isidingo esikhombisayo ukuthi akukho obekulotshiwe maqondana nabafundi bolimi Iwesibili. Ingxenye yokuqala yophando igxile esakhiweni senqubo Iwazi yokufunda nokufundisa ulimi Iwesibili eyaqhutshwa nguNoam Chomsky, eqhutshwa yinqubolwazi futhi isukela ocwanigweni olunzulu zezilimi emizameni yokuthola imigomo enzulu yohlelo lolimi. Lolu cwaningo luhlola izincazelo ezehlukene zokufunda nokufundisa ulimi Iwesibili ezisetshenziswa abahlaziyilulimi esingabala kubona, uVivian Cook, Terence Odlin kanye noSharwood Smith. Lwethula izinhlobo ezehlukene zohlelo lolimi ezihlolwa ekucwaningweni kolimi Iwesibili. Kulandela izingxoxo ngemigomo yohlelo lolimi, incazelo ebanzi yetemu 'Universal Grammar' (UG) iyahlolisiswa nokuthi lemodeli ye-UG isetshenziswa kanjani esiZulwini. Loluphando lukhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokufundwa nokufundiswa kolimi Iwesibili nomthelela omuhle kumbe omubi we-UG ekufundiseni ulimi. Kuzobhekisiswa ukuthi inqubolwazi kaChomsky nolwazi lokufunda ulimi Iwesibili kulungile yini ukuba yisakhiwo senqubo yokufundisa njengoba luhlanganisa ingqikithi yokufundisa ulimi Iwesibili okungenzeka ukuthi ayijwayelekile kumfundisi wolimi Iwesibili. Okukugcina, lolu cwaningo luzokwethula imigomo yezifundo ezihlelelwe phezu komsebenzi othile kuyolandelwa ukuxoxisana ngezinhlobo zamasilabhasi ezidingekayo ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yesiZulu yokuxhumana. Kuyathembakala ukuthi iziphetho eziyovuka kulolucwaningo ziyosiza ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziwusizo ophandweni kanye nezinsiza kufundisa zolimi Iwesibili zezifundo ezihlelelwe phezu komsebenzi othile wesiZulu, kanjalo bese ziletha kulendima yokufundisa ulimi Iwesibili othisha nabacwaningi abawenza ngempumelelo umsebenzi wabo.
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Murphy, Victoria A. "Universal grammar and second language acquisition : the effect of modality of presentation on a grammaticality judgment task." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69623.
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Typical experiments investigating the accessibility and/or role of principles of Universal Grammar (UG) in adult second language acquisition (SLA) use a written grammaticality judgment (GJ) task to infer knowledge of principles of UG. The present investigation examined whether subjects would judge sentences differently in the aural modality than the visual. It was hypothesized that subjects in the aural condition would be less accurate and slower at judging sentences violating the subjacency principle than subjects in the visual condition. Four language groups were tested: ESL (English second-language) FSL (French second-language), L1.E (English first language) and L1.F (French first language). Subjects were assigned to either an aural or a visual condition; the same sentences were presented via computer. The target sentences presented to the subjects were declarative sentences involving embedded questions, as well as ungrammatical wh-questions which violated subjacency. The presentation times for all sentences were matched across conditions. Accuracy and reaction time to grammaticality judgment were measured. The hypothesis that subjects would be slower and less accurate in the aural condition than the visual one was supported. Furthermore, subjects were less accurate and slower to judge violations of subjacency than other sentences, in both modalities. The detrimental effects of the auditory task on judgments was most pronounced for the L2 learners. These results are discussed in the context of the informativeness and validity of outcomes derived from GJ tasks, and the ways in which they are presented.
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Ingonga, L. I. "A task based language awareness approach to teaching English grammar in Kenyan secondary schools : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508927.
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Ashwell, Tim. "An investigation into the effectiveness of four types of explicit and task-integrated second language grammar instruction." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515728.
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Otsuki, Kyoko. "Cross-linguistic study of elliptical utterances in task-oriented dialogues with classroom implications." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5821.
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Ellipsis is a phenomenon whereby constituents which are normally obligatory in the grammar are omitted in actual discourse. It is found in all types of discourse, from everyday conversation to poetry. The omitted constituents can range from one word to an entire clause, and recovery of the ellipted item depends sometimes on the linguistic and sometimes on the non-linguistic context. From a practical point of view, the contribution of ellipsis in the context is twofold. First, it is one of several important means of achieving cohesion in a text. Secondly, ellipsis contributes to communicative appropriateness determined by the type of linguistic activity (e.g., narrative, casual conversation), the mode of communication (e.g., written / spoken) and the relationship between participants. The aim of this research is to provide a description of the functions of elliptical utterances – textual and interpersonal – in English and Japanese, based on a cross-linguistic analysis of dialogues in the English and Japanese map task corpora. In order to analyse ellipsis in relation to its two key functions, elliptical clauses in the map task dialogues were examined. I discuss how ellipsis is used to realise cohesion in the map task dialogues. The findings challenge the well-known claim that topics are established by full noun phrases, which are subsequently realised by pronouns (English) and null pronouns (Japanese). Rather, the results suggest that full noun phrases are used for topic continuity in both languages. Constituents which are ellipted in an utterance are identified and related to the moves types which the utterance realises within the exchange structure. The ellipted elements will be categorised according to the constituent types (Subject, Finite, Predicator, Complement and Adjunct), using the systemic functional approach. This analysis reveals that whereas in the English dialogues the most common types of ellipsis are that of Subject and Finite elements, in the Japanese dialogues the most common type is that of Subject. Types of ellipsis are also correlated with speech acts in the dialogues. The relation between types of ellipsis and particular speech acts associated with them is strikingly similar in the English and Japanese dialogues, despite the notable difference in grammar and pragmatics between the two languages. This analysis also shows how these types of ellipsis are associated with interpersonal effects in particular speech acts: ellipsis of Subject and Finite can contribute to a sharp contrast in the question and answer sequence, while Subject ellipsis in Japanese can contribute to modifying the command-like force in giving instructions. These effects can be summed up as epistemic and deontic modality respectively. Ultimately, it is argued that some types of ellipsis can serve as modality expressions. Additionally, in comparison to the way of realising the speech act of giving instructions in the English dialogues, it emerges that the Japanese speakers exploit ellipsis, which seems to be associated with lowering the degree of the speaker’s commitment to the proposition. As implications for pedagogical settings, I present pedagogical descriptions of ellipsis for Japanese learners of English and English learners of Japanese. Since the description is for specific learners, the approach which takes the difference in grammar and pragmatics between the two languages is made possible. Although descriptions state some detailed facts of ellipsis in English and Japanese, primarily highlighted is the importance of raising awareness of elliptical forms for particular functions in particular contexts. As ellipsis is a product of forms, functions and contexts, it is a most remarkable feature of spoken language. Spoken language is claimed by some researchers to show similar linguistic features among languages because of the restrictions inherent in the medium on communication. In the form of pedagogical description, I show the similarities and differences in ellipsis which derive from the grammar and pragmatics of each language, which are observed in the preceding linguistic research. Through the presentation of the findings which are modified for learners, learners will know how languages show convergence and divergence cross-linguistically.
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Watanabe, Tomoko. "Corpus-based study of the use of English general extenders spoken by Japanese users of English across speaking proficiency levels and task types." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19549.
Full textAbstract:
There is a pronounced shift in English language teaching policy in Japan with the recognition not only of the importance of spoken English and interactional competence in a globalised world, but also the need to emphasise it within English language pedagogy. Given this imperative to improve the oral communication skills of Japanese users of English (JUEs), it is vital for teachers of English to understand the cultural complexities surrounding the language, one of which is the use of vague language, which has been shown to serve both interpersonal and interactional functions in communications. One element of English vague language is the general extender (for example, or something). The use of general extenders by users of English as a second language (L2) has been studied extensively. However, there is a lack of research into the use of general extenders by JUEs, and their functional differences across speaking proficiency levels and contexts. This study sought to address the knowledge gap, critically exploring the use of general extenders spoken by JUEs across speaking proficiency levels and task types. The study drew on quantitative and qualitative corpus-based tools and methodologies using the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Japanese Learner English Corpus (Izumi, Uchimoto, & Isahara, 2004), which contains transcriptions of a speaking test. An in-depth analysis of individual frequently-occurring general extenders was carried out across speaking proficiency levels and test tasks (description, narrative, interview and role-play) in order to reveal the frequency, and the textual and functional complexity of general extenders used by JUEs. In order to ensure the relevance of the application of the findings to the context of language education, the study also sought language teachers’ beliefs on the use of general extenders by JUEs. Three general extenders (or something (like that), and stuff, and and so on) were explored due to their high frequency within the corpus. The study showed that the use of these forms differed widely across the JUEs’ speaking proficiency levels and task types undertaken: or something (like that) is typically used in description tasks at the higher level and in interview and description tasks at the intermediate level; and stuff is typical of the interview at the higher level; and so on of the interview at the lower-intermediate level. The study also revealed that a greater proportion of the higher level JUEs use general extenders than do those at lower levels, while those with lower speaking proficiency level who do use general extenders, do so at an high density. A qualitative exploration of concordance lines and extracts revealed a number of interpersonal and discourse-oriented functions across speaking proficiency levels: or something (like that) functions to show uncertainty about information or linguistic choice and helps the JUEs to hold their turn; and stuff serves to make the JUEs’ expression emphatic; and so on appears to show the JUEs’ lack of confidence in their language use, and signals the desire to give up their turn. The findings suggest that the use of general extenders by JUEs is multifunctional, and that this multi-functionality is linked to various elements, such as the level of language proficiency, the nature of the task, the real time processing of their speech and the power asymmetry where the time and floor are mainly managed by the examiners. The study contributes to extending understanding of how JUEs use general extenders to convey interpersonal and discourse-oriented functions in the context of language education, in speaking tests and possibly also in classrooms, and provides new insights into the dynamics of L2 users’ use of general extenders. It brings into questions the generally-held view that the use of general extenders by L2 users as a group is homogenous. The findings from this study could assist teachers to understand JUEs’ intentions in their speech and to aid their speech production. More importantly, it may raise language educators’ awareness of how the use of general extenders by JUEs varies across speaking proficiency levels and task types. These findings should have pedagogical implications in the context of language education, and assist teachers in improving interactional competence, in line with emerging English language teaching policy in Japan.
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Ryan, A. "Adult learner strategies in foreign language grammar learning : A task-based study of approaches to the learning of grammatical structure in a micro-language, with a discussion of their implications for language teaching and materials." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375802.
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"The architecture of grammar in artificial grammar learning: Formal biases in the acquisition of morphophonology and the nature of the learning task." INDIANA UNIVERSITY, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3358981.
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Figueiredo, Maria Helena de Sousa Pacheco. "Reflexão sobre a problemática do ensino da gramática a crianças, jovens e adultos, no ensino de Inglês e de Francês." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/35843.
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Trabalho de projecto do Mestrado em Ensino de Inglês e de Espanhol/Alemão/Francês no Ensino Básico e no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, apresentado à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra
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Valková, Jarmila. "Komunikační přístup k vyučování druhého jazyka v současných učebnicích češtiny pro cizince." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328183.
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The Communicative Approach to Second Language Teaching in Current Textbooks of Czech for Foreigners Jarmila Valková Abstract The general part of the thesis reviews the background, current understanding and key principles of the Communicative Approach to second language teaching with regard to their foundation in the Direct Oral Method. The objective, usual teaching techniques and textbook components of Communicative Language Teaching are compared to the ones used in the Grammar-Translation Method to show the essential difference between the direct and indirect language approaches to language acquisition and their implications for the character of textbook components. The research part of the thesis examines selected textbooks of Czech as a second language which are supposed to epitomise the following tendencies in the area of contemporary writing of textbooks of Czech for foreigners: a) consistent use of the strategies and textbook components based on the Grammar- Translation Method, b) eclectic application of Grammar-Translation strategies and components together with certain features of the Communicative Approach, c) coherent implementation of the Communicative Approach with related techniques and textbook components. Existence of the above mentioned tendencies in current textbooks of Czech as a second...