Journal articles on the topic 'Grammar Tamil language'
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1
K, Jelin Suji, and Mahila Jeni D. "Tamil Vidu Thoothu is a Literary Grammar Expert." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-15 (December 9, 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s153.
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Tamil is the oldest language among all world languages. It is an ancient language, and its origin cannot be defined. It is a language that excels in literary grammars. When looking at the history of Tamil literature, many literary genres have emerged according to time, context, and political backgrounds. Literature tells the stories of people's lives. It relates to grammar in Tamil, and literature itself becomes grammar. Tolkappiyam is a book that exemplifies the grammatical system of the Tamil language with distinction. Letter, word, subject matter, prosody, and rhetoric—these five are dealt with in the book Tolkappiyam. There are many books that arose after that ancient, proud, and complete book of Tolkappiyam. This article examines how grammar in literature has gained prominence through the book Tamil Vidu Thoothu.
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Mooventhan, PS. "In the Archaic Grammar Tradition and Variable Content in Muthal-Karu-Uri in Tholkappiya Aga Ilakkanam and Maran Agapporul." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v8i2.6733.
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Porul Ilakkanam is a proof of the pride and uniqueness of Tamil language. It can be considered as the best of any language race in the world languages. The Porul Ilakkanam is the basis for the meaning and imagination of Sangam songs. Grammatical Grammar In Tamil tradition for thousands of years, there are many places where the narratives have preserved the character of the case. Tholkappiyam, which is considered to be the first complete grammar book of Tamil, was followed by various grammar books over time. They were adapted to the religious and social norms of the authors of those books and the customs of their time. Thus Maran Agapporul is unique in the later grammars of the sixteenth century. Developmental trends in subject grammar can be seen in the grammar description of this book. This article aims to show the origin and development of the ideas of this book in a comparative perspective, the skills contained in the archeology and the changes made by this book.
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V, Ambika, and Sam Gideon S. "Lexical Theoretical Development in Applied Tamil Grammar Texts." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-18 (December 8, 2022): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s182.
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After 19th century Tamil literature has gone through many dimensions. Advent of print media, focus on language education and the establishment of new educational institutions are the reason for the development of many language based grammatical texts. The newly added grammatical elements are recorded in the grammar texts. Applied Tamil grammar texts explains the syllable, series and words based on grammar books. However, the new modern language theory records the changes that have appeared in the language system and highlights the language and grammar in the theory of linguistics. Tamil grammar books explains and defines grammar based on a Tamil text Nannul. Types of words are explained in the linguistic point of view by adapting the etymology mentioned in the Nannul. It also explains the new adjectives and adverbs and records the newly developed grammatical elements which are used in modern language. Word classification is divided into three levels. They are, classification based on alphabetic, classification based on case of words and classification based on grammatical usage. Contemporary Tamil tradition examines some of the techniques adopted by Tamil grammarians to define the word. Present Tamil grammarians distinguishes nouns and verbs on the basis of verb or on the basis of object. People also began approaching Tamil Grammar based on English grammar because of the abundance usage of English language. Tamil grammar text ‘Nalla Nool Eluthavaenduma’ explains grammar in a very simple way and it is considered to be the best grammar manual. Tamil grammar text explores the structure of Tamil language. Lexical grammar is explained in terms of linguistics. The four types of words such as noun, verb, interjection and adjective examine the changes that occurred in the language. Thus, the article gives a clear idea about lexical theoretical development in applied Tamil grammar texts.
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Tschacher, Torsten. "(De-)Limiting the Universal: Engaging with Arabic in Muslim Tamil Poetry." Philological Encounters 4, no. 1-2 (December 13, 2019): 80–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-12340060.
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AbstractThis article explores how the encounter of Arabic with Tamil discourses on language limited as well as enabled a particular instantiation of Islamic discourse. It argues that, rather than allowing a hyperglossic extension of Arabic grammatical and poetical discourses to Tamil, Muslim Tamil poets clearly demarcated the respective domains of Tamil and Arabic grammar, thereby making each relevant only to the language it originally defined. The prime space of interaction between the two languages was afforded by Arabic vocabulary, as Tamil grammar implicitly permitted the utilization of Arabic words in Tamil poetry. The equalization of the two languages in the realms of grammar and poetics was, however, threatened both by Arabic’s simultaneous status as a divine language and by the porousness of the boundary between the two languages occasioned by ignorance of the system of equivalences created through learned discourse.
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G, Savitha. "Family Relations in the Moral Values Expressed by Dravidian Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (August 25, 2022): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s533.
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Dr. Robert Caldwell learned Tamil when he came to Tamil Nadu to do religious work. In the Dravidian language family, Tamil is known as the classical language. He studied linguistically that Tamilam was the Tramilam and the Tramilam was Dravidian and found that Tamil was the oldest and the first of the Dravidian languages. Knowing that Kannada, Telugu, and Malayalam are like Tamil with grammar and literary dialogues, he wrote a book of a comparative grammar book. In 1856, Caldwell was the first to introduce the term "comparison grammar book of Dravidian languages" or "south Indian family languages" to the world of linguistics. This article explores the trend of moral literature and the literary records of family relations as a literary form in Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, and Malayalam, all the four Dravidian languages.
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T, Prabakaran, and Sundaram L. "Guidance to Transcription in Tamil Language with Reference to Tamil Grammar Texts." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (June 27, 2022): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s85.
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The mix of foreign words in Tamil is inevitable due to the mix of foreign languages, translation, globalization, scientific and technological development, new discoveries, and passion for English. Other scripts that are not in Tamil are used in some of the words, so they are mixed. When writing Northern language words, including Sanskrit in Classical Tamil, we used the phonetic letters s, j, sh, h, x, and sri, which are called Grantha letters. Later, when writing English and other words in Tamil, it became necessary to write with such letters for sounds that are not in Tamil. Apart from this, Tamil grammar texts have from time to time stated some instructions for transcribing in Tamil script in accordance with the Tamil phonetic system. This article seeks to summarise the grammar of Tamil grammar texts from Tolkappiyam to Tamilkaappu Iyam, published in 2005, and how their grammar is referred to as Northern Translation/Other Translation and their current use.
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Arumugam, Bavani, Alagesan Ambikapathy, and Surenthiran Verappan. "GRAMMAR CONTENT KNOWLEDGE OF TAMIL LANGUAGE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 8, no. 52 (December 31, 2023): 643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.852049.
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The study aims to identify the level of knowledge of grammar content among Tamil language teachers at the secondary school level in aspects of phonology, morphology, syntax and morphophonemic. This study uses a quantitative research survey in the form of a descriptive design carried out in Selangor. A total of 160 Tamil language teachers in secondary schools in the state of Selangor were selected as a random sample. Questionnaires were used as instruments in this study. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0. The findings of the study showed that secondary school Tamil teachers had a moderately high perception of the Tamil grammatical content of Form Four (M = 3.23, SP =.697). The study also found that the level of knowledge of Tamil grammar content was moderately low (M = 2.98, SP =.334) by following phonology (M = 3.26, SP =.560), morphology (M = 3.14, SP =.589), syntax (M = 2.85, SP =.716), and morphophonemic (M = 2.67, SP =.585). The implication obtained through this study is that the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) is proposing to emphasize the importance of aspects of Tamil grammar, namely phonology, morphology, syntax, and morphophonemic. As a result of this, teachers who teach Tamil will be able to realize the importance of mastering the content of Tamil grammar.
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Cho, Seonghun, and Hyeongchun Park. "Exploring the Possibility of Deciphering Tolkāppiyam through Korean Grammar." Barun Academy of History 18 (February 29, 2024): 333–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55793/jkhc.2024.18.333.
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Tolkāpiyam, the oldest known book written in Old Tamil, is believed to have been authored around 100 B.C. Although Tolkāpiyam deals with the grammar of Tamil, a language still spoken by Tamils today, this ancient text, along with other Old Tamil books, has remained largely undeciphered. The reason for this lies in the fact that the grammar of Old Tamil has not been fully comprehended. Previous attempts to decipher Tolkāpiyam have mostly involved making educated guesses about the meaning of a paragraph based on the meanings of individual words.
In this paper, I reveal the grammatical system of Old Tamil, drawing from the grammar theory presented in Part 2 of Tolkāpiyam. Old Tamil, much like pre-medieval Korean, employs predicates as nouns. It features elements such as chosa (조사), verb endings, honorifics, and causative verb suffixes. Remarkably, Tolkāpiyam is structured following the Korean word order. The grammar of Old Tamil closely resembles that of modern Korean. As a demonstration that Koreans can decipher Tolkāpiyam without prior knowledge of ancient Tamil, relying on word meanings alone, I also provide a correct interpretation for several paragraphs in Part I (Phonology). These interpretations challenge previous misconceptions and affirm the validity of my paper's argument, highlighting the limitations of prior research.
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Anitha, D. "Tholkaappiyam and Contemporary Language Change in Tamil." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v4i4.2399.
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The grammar of a language is subject to change as language change occurs. For instance, the grammar explained by Nannul differs from that of Tholkaappiyam, although both are Tamil grammar treatises. The aim of this article is to explore the verses of Tholkaappiyam that have become obsolete grammar rules. The study is limited to the Eluthatikaram chapter of tholkaappiyam.
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B, Jaiganesh. "The Advent of the Europeans and the History of the Development of Tamil Grammar Texts." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (September 15, 2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21412.
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Grammatical and linguistic history, like Tamil literary history, has its own antiquity and continuity. Grammatical writings have kept on showing up as the literary writing has increased and changed. Grammatical texts based on the knowledge of literature, the knowledge of the language, or the critical objectives of the language, the literature that appears in that language, later become more closely identified with social history. Numerous grammatical works have appeared in Tamil but many of them do not exist. However, many of the available texts are qualified enough to speak of the grammatical richness of Tamil. With the grammatical richness of a language, it is possible to estimate how ancient the literary richness of that language and the origin of the speakers of that language are. Thus, the numerous grammars available in Tamil serve as evidence for measuring the antiquity of the Tamil language. The origin of grammatical texts is not a linear one, but one that is continually developing to suit the occasions, the blend of dialects, and the progressions in the writing. This change sets the stage for the development of language. Thus, Tamil grammar texts have undergone a series of changes. This article sets out to evaluate the background to the development of nineteenth-century grammar textbooks following the arrival of Europeans, who occupy a significant place in this change.
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S, Karpagam. "Musical Notes in the Ancient Grammar Text Tholkappiyam." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-18 (December 8, 2022): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s188.
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Tholkappiyam is the first text in Tamil that proves Tamil is a classical language. This text is written by absorbing the ancient writing style and the words used by the ancient Tamils. This text is still living and it is the book of antiquity and perfection. This text is the pioneer for both grammar and music. Today’s use of grammar in music can be traced back to the root of Tholkappiyam. This article discusses about the phonetic theory, phonetic system, syllables, function of syllables, vowels, Tamil alphabets, calculations, short and long sounds, systems of Kalipaa and Paripaadal, internal hymns, verbal salutations, objective salutations and so on. This article clearly explains the contents, methods and news about musical instruments and musicians.
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Shanmugapriya, R. "Colonialism and Modern Tamil Grammar Writing Tradition." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2024): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v8i3.7031.
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Tamil Grammar boasts a rich and Enduring tradition. The Evolution of Grammatical texts has occurred consistently, adapting to societal shifts and the demands of the times. From the ancient Tholkappiyam to contemporary grammar books, the evolution reflects diverse perspectives on the Tamil language, shaped by the necessity of creating comprehensive guides. A significant transformative phase unfolded during the colonial era, influencing the development of grammar. This article delves into the formation and establishment of modern Tamil grammar writing in the later period of Tamil Grammar works crafted by colonial authorities and Christian missionaries.
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Sakuntharaj, Ratnasingam. "Detecting and Correcting Contextual Mistakes in Sentences Using Part of Speech Tags." Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 15, no. 2 (March 4, 2023): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrcos/2023/v15i2317.
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A grammar checker is a tool to check each sentence in a text to see whether it conforms to the grammar. In case it finds a structure that conflicts with the conformity to the grammar, it would give suggestions for alternatives. The grammar checkers for European languages and some Indic languages are well developed. However, perhaps, owing to Tamil being a morphologically rich and agglutinative language this has been a challenging task. An approach to detecting and correcting grammatical mistakes due to subject and finite-verb disagreement with regard to person, number and/or gender and due to disagreement in tense aspects in Tamil sentences is proposed in this paper. A method has been proposed that uses hierarchical part-of-speech tags of words to detect the grammatical mistakes in subject and finite-verb agreement and mistakes in tense aspects in Tamil sentences. Two sets of Tamil grammar rules are used to generate suggestions for the grammatical mistakes. Test results show that the proposed grammatical mistake detection and correction system performs well.
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K, Karthick, and Thiruveni V. "Religiosity in Pulamai ilakkanam." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (September 21, 2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21419.
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Until the Sangam literary period (till 200 AD), Tamil language was secular and Tamil literature was created with an emphasis on virtue in both internal and external life. After that, religious literature started appearing in Tamil language. Tamil grammar texts are based on literature that appeared in different periods. Thus the “Pulamai ilakkanam” (grammar for scholarliness) composed by Vannacharabam Dantapani swami reveals the literary context that prevailed in the 19th century when he lived. Pulamai ilakkanam shows the author's religiosity and the religious beliefs and devotion in the field of education and literature at that time. Grammar is the rules for creating literature. If so, constructing Tamil scholarliness in relation to a particular religion would be tantamount to narrow down the breadth of the Tamil language. Based on the content of Pulamai ilakkanam and the literary context of the time, this article discusses the dominance of the religions over Tamil literature and the use oflanguage by religions for their development.
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M, Sankar. "Puthamithranar’s Morphological Theory." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22115.
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Language undergoes some changes over time. These changes contribute to the development of the language. Tamil Grammar texts including Agathiyam, Tolkappiyam, Yapparungalam, Yapparungalakarikai, Purapporul Venpamalai which appeared in Tamil have been grammarized according to the Tamil tradition. However, Veerasozhiyam, which appeared in the 11th century AD, is a slightly different grammar text from this tradition. In particular, the Sanskrit language is written following the grammatical tradition. The author of this text, Ponparri Kavalar Puthamithranar, has written with the thought that Sanskrit Language mother for all tamil words. This Text has five Chapters: Eḻuttu, col, poruḷ, yāppu, alaṅkāram. The comprehensive authority of this Text is the authority to say. It consists of Col Athikaram 55 Norpas: vēṟṟumaip paṭalam (9), upakārap paṭalam (6), tokaip paṭalam (8), tattitap paṭalam (8), tātup paṭalam (11), kiriyā patap paṭalam (13). This system of authority is also based on the grammar of the Sansktrit. This article is based on the Morphological theory of Puthamithranar, ‘Tamil language grammatical tradition and Sanskrit language grammatical tradition are combined’ the hypothesis is put forward and written.
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Selvan, Pushpa Rani Subramani. "English Loanwords in Tamil: Fix Illicit Consonant Clusters." Ilomata International Journal of Social Science 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v3i2.438.
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Loanword adaptation has long proved field as an intriguing object of study. Loanword borrowing often takes place within languages to fill the glossary of the new terminology. The direction of borrowing is primarily linked to the sociolinguistic status of a language in a community. In the scenario of Malaysia, Malay as a national language and English as a global language plays an essential role in the process of loanword adaptation, technologically, culturally and politically. English and Tamil languages have two disparate grammatical elements. Some grammatical rules accepted in English is illicit in Tamil. In particular, consonant clusters in the English language are prohibited in Tamil. Therefore, words borrowed from English into Tamil are subject to choose one of these two contradictory rules, whether adapt the consonant cluster in its authenticity or repairing to satisfy the grammar of the recipient language. The study results show that some borrowed English loan words obey Tamil grammar, while others violate the rules. This raises questions about the adaptation process's possible representational versus phonetic underpinnings. This paper examines the phonetic adaptation of English loanwords in Tamil adaptation, focusing primarily on the process of vowel epenthesis. It finds that the place features of the epenthetic vowel overcome illegal consonant clusters. The paper concludes that the language-specific phonological phenomena are central to this process. Data for this research were obtained from Tamil short stories (2000-2016). Many studies have been conducted to examine loanword adaptation in Malaysian Tamil. However, this study explores the repairing process of phonetic variations in the adapted words.
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P, Megala, and Jayasree G. "Thokaapiyam and Nambiaga Porul in a Comparative Theoretical Approach." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-18 (December 8, 2022): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1819.
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Ancient Tamil language is rich in grammar. Grammar is obtained from literature as oil is obtained from sesame seeds. There are about fifty grammar books in Tamil. These are the five types of grammars such as letter, word, object, word, and group. The five types of grammars are related to each other, such as the word formed by letters, the pattern used to express the meaning of the word, and the pattern used for the method of speaking. Among these, the things that come to represent the meaning of writing, and the things that come to represent the meaning of words, are the one that excels. This study is to investigate how a content can be found similar, expanded, and separate. Grammar is the protocol developed by the scholars according to the Tamil tradition to regulate the visual language of this case. The text “Nambiyaga Porul” is believed to have been composed by Nambiar in the 12th century BC. It was composed by adapting the grammar of the Tolkapiyam. The text expands the ideas that need to be expanded and summarizes what needs to be said. This book has five parts. Total there are 252 chapters such as 116 in Agam, 54 in Kalavu, 29 in Varaivu, 10 in Karpiyal, and 43 in Olibiyal. The text also explains Thirukkovaiyar's definition about grammar. 'Grammar is the norm for literature and many attempts were done to find the changes taking place in grammar. The first book in these processes was Tanjaivanan’s “Kovai’. Tradition prevails in the society as rules, virtues, restrictions and structures. Thus, Nambi named the book as “Agaporul Vilakkam”. Later, it was given as “Nambiyaga Porul” with his name. The aim of this article is to know the similar, extensive, doubt-dispelling elements that can be found in Tolkappiyam's epistemology and in the epistemology of Nambiyaga Porul.
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R, Nagendran. "A study of cattle-lifting and it's modalities in Puranaanuru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (July 4, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s87.
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Grammar or Grammatical syntax forms the crux of the language. Grammar is an essential one not only in Tamil but also for all the world languages. Tamil language is one of the oldest surviving languages in the world. Any language can be refined language provided that language will be spoken by a large group of people and also it should heaviest own literariness. Among the languages spoken in India Tamil, Telugu, Konda, Tulu and Coorg forms the Dravidian linguistic family group. They are identified as the refined languages from the Dravidian group. Both the language and the literatures contributes languages. There are lot of literary works and linguistic works and linguistic works are published during the various time periods. There are various literary works are published after the Publication of Tholkappiam. These literary marvels Portrays the lifestyle, culture, tradition and socioeconomic setup of the people. Those literary works distinguishes the lifestyle and social practices of that people as ‘Agam’ and ‘Puram. Though this we can easily identify that the people follow both ‘Agam’ and ‘Puram’ form of lifestyle. Events containing private affairs are confrains as ‘Agam and War, Valour, Pride and charity forms the ‘Puram’. Tamil Grammar is divided into Agapporul and Purapporul. Literary works based on Purapporal focused on the events based on outer lifestyle of the people. Purapporul can be identified as Seven and Twelve. Vetchithinai is defined as the capturing of cows and cattle breeds. The formation or the beginning of the Vetchithinai is because of the competition between the other two thinais like ‘Palai’ and ‘Mullai’. We can assumed that Vetchithinai is formed based on this competition. This research article clearly shows the difference between the Vetchithinai which is portrayed in Tholkappiam and the Vetchithinai which is portrayed in Purapporal Venbamalai and its developments in that thinai.
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MCCARVEL, MIRANDA, and AARON KAPLAN. "Positional faithfulness in Harmonic Grammar." Journal of Linguistics 55, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 123–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226718000075.
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In Tamil, coronals are licensed in onsets and initial syllables, exemplifying what Jesney (2011b) calls Licensing in Multiple Contexts (LMC). Jesney shows that while only positional faithfulness produces LMC in Optimality Theory, positional licensing provides a competing analysis of LMC in Harmonic Grammar (HG). This suggests that positional faithfulness may not be necessary in HG. We argue, though, that positional faithfulness remains essential. First, other facts in Tamil are incompatible with the positional licensing approach to LMC, rendering the positional faithfulness alternative the only viable analysis. Second, only with positional faithfulness can certain typological generalizations concerning assimilation between consonants be captured.
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D’Avella, Victor B. "Recreating Daṇḍin’s Styles in Tamil." Cracow Indological Studies 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.22.2020.02.02.
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In Sanskrit poetics, the defining characteristics of poetry, its very life breath, are the guṇas, ‘qualities’. They make up the phonetic and syntactic fabric of poetic language without which there would be nothing to further to ornament. Many of these intimate features are by necessity specific to the Sanskrit language and defined in terms of its peculiar grammar including phonology and morphology. In the present article, I will describe what happens to four of these guṇas when they are transferred to the Tamil language in the Taṇṭiyalaṅkāram, a close adaptation of Daṇḍin’s Kāvyādarśa. I wish to demonstrate that the Tamil Taṇṭi did not thoughtlessly accept the Sanskrit model but sought, in some cases, to redefine the qualities so that they are meaningful in the context of Tamil grammar and its poetological tradition. A partial translation of the Tamil text is included.
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Muhammadu Sainulabdeen, M. S. Zunoomy, U. Israth, and A. M. M. Aaqil. "Contrastive Study on Differences in Sentence Aspects between Arabic, Tamil, and English Languages." Al-Lisan 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/al.v7i2.2643.
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This research focuses on studying differences in sentence elements between Arabic, English, and Tamil by exposing similarities and dissimilarities. It uses a descriptive contrastive methodology. This research is based on a theory of linguistics. According to this, the researchers used books, articles, theses, and website articles to obtain the necessary information for Secondary data. It finds that Arabic, English, and Tamil belong to different linguistic families. The Arabic language belongs to the Semitic languages, no matter what, Tamil language belongs to Dravidian, and English belongs to the Indo-European family. In this case, they specialize in specific sentence elements according to their linguistic components. Based on this, there are more differences than similarities. For example, there are differences in gender, numeral, tense, pronouns, adjectives, genitives, and articles. These things affect learning a language as a foreign or second language. This study helps the learners to get the differences between the languages. Learners of Arabic, a foreign language, should pay attention to their own language grammar in order to be fluent in both languages to study the Arabic linguistic system in contrast to the Tamil language for learning a language in the best way and to learn Tamil language in the best way, regardless of their mother tongue to learn Arabic fluently.
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Valentina Francis, Ruby. "Pandit K. Veerakatthi’s Vision on Diversity - A Study." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-9 (July 28, 2022): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s915.
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The Tamil grammar books published from Tolkappiyam onwards have explained the importance of diversity. Following this, many studies have been published on the system of differentiation in Tamil, its number, parameters, and objects. The changes that have taken place in the Tamil language from time to time have had their influence on grammatical rules and grammatical usage. This can also be seen in differential grammar. In this context, the views and studies presented by Pandit K.Veerakathi, a Tamil researcher from Jaffna, are noteworthy. Especially in the book "Grammatic Explanation' written by him, one can observe a new approach and trend towards diversity. He has explained the difference with appropriate evidence from the way of the Tholkaapiyar and spoken dialect. In addition to emphasising that diversity is the word phrase, or grammar that is about the structure of language, the structure of diversity accepts the uniqueness of diversity. He also mentions that the differentiated parameter consists of three elements: the term that completes the differentiation. He has explained the differences starting from the first difference to the seventh difference, respectively, as the series of nominatives, the series of intransitive active sequence, the series of causal succession sequence, the series of acceptance, the series of comparative elimination, the series of possessive cases, and the series of evidence. While revealing the new trends with suitable examples, he also established that some of the distinctive characters and objects mentioned by Tolkappyar still persist in the dialect. He has given examples, especially from the colloquial language spoken in Sri Lanka. Through these, we can know that there are archaic cases in Sri Lankan Tamil. His ideas on variation introduced a new trend in the world of grammar: It has paved the way for further discussions and research: It has affirmed the Sri Lankan Tamil scholar's role in grammar.
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M, Kavitha. "Nachinarkiniyar History and Textual Ability." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (July 21, 2022): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s834.
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Tamil language and literature have flourished with speeches composed by speechwriters. Are greatly aiding researchers who think innovatively. Texts serve as a bridge between linguistic research and e-literary criticism. The texts convey how the Tamil language has changed over time, as well as the living conditions, political changes and customs of the Tamil people. This article explores the history and textual ability of Nachinarkiniyar. Nachinarkiniyar was a knowledgeable and knowledgeable man of various arts, writing semantics for songs, and also possessing the art of religious ideas, music, drama, etc., which are included in the book. He is well versed in grammar, literature, dictionary, epic and puranam in Tamil. He is well versed in astrology, medicine, architecture, and crops. Nachinarkiniyar, who has written for Tamil grammar books, is well versed in the Vedic and phylogenetic theory of Sanskrit and is a university-oriented scholar of Tamil, Sanskrit scholarship, religious knowledge, land book knowledge, life and biology. This article explores the history and textual ability of Nachinarkiniyar.
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R, Premkumar. "Individual Theory of Tholkappiyam." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22224.
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There are many ancient language families in the world. Among them, the Dravidian language family is considered essential. The grammatical system and its trends have changed at various stages in the grammar composed in Tamil among the other languages. Grammar is about explaining those rules. The concept of individual theory develops by interpreting the structure of a language with structural order, using a specific grammatical theoretical concept for a given language over a period of time. Individualism does not operate in the context of any language, but it can construct the grammar of a language written over a period of time. The concepts of grammar are written under the categories such as, summation, type, extension, genealogy, etc., by using social, political, and academic problems to present individual theory. The interpretation of the structural order of language as a separate text without a linguistic background is consistent with the concept of individualism.
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G, Lakshmidevi. "Faith in God and Language Policy in Tamil Pattiyal Grammar." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-2 (April 30, 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s27.
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Tamil devotional literature is composed as pathigangal and prabandangal. Most of the prabanda literature depends on Sittrilakiya Varieties. Pattiyal Grammar discusses about combining baithi and language god is portrayed as hero in such literatures. Devotional literature emphasize to get rid of worldly illusions and the ways to attain god. Paattiyal Grammar says certain conventions should be followed while writing hymns on God. This paper researches on the Paatiyal Grammar which has recorded that bakthi religious principles is formed on the basics of faith in God.
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Munuyandi, Thulasirani A/P, Salina Husain, Mohd Azidan Abdul Jabar, and Zuraini Jusoh. "Effectiveness Of Quizizz in Interactive Teaching and Learning Malay Grammar." Asian Journal of University Education 17, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i3.14516.
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Abstract: For teaching and learning Malay language grammar, there are many types of online assessment tools and applications have been developed in Malaysia. One such application is Quizizz, a game-based online quiz that facilitates teaching and learning. The purpose of this research is to measure the effectiveness of Quizizz application to teach and learn Malay grammar. We have used descriptive questionnaire research design, and chosen 130 students from Tamil schools by following the simple random sampling strategy. We have explored the effectiveness of Quizizz application as a formative quizzing tool for teaching and learning Malay grammar in year-four Tamil school students from 15 Tamil schools in Manjung district. The results showed that it was imperative to use Quizizz as a formative assessment tool to learn and teach Malay grammar to Tamil students. Students also responded positively to the use of Quizizz in the classroom through survey questionnaire results. At the end, we conclude that it is important for teachers to consider using fun and entertainment technology quizzing tools to teach Malay grammar.
Keywords: Malay grammar, Quizizz, Self-assessment, Teaching and learning
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D, Vijayarani. "Scientific Records in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 21, 2022): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1320.
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The Tamil language is more than 2,000 years old, age-old, and has dialects. The Tamil language has the nature of being a mother tongue and has the ability to mix with other languages. Classical literature, which encompasses all the characteristics, serves as a mirror of time that describes the life of man. Ancient Tamils did not explore science to the extent of exploring love and heroism, the gifts of fame and justice, which were two eyes in life. If the news is examined scientifically, one can learn the deep scientific knowledge of ancient Tamils. Tolkappiyam, one of the grammar books, looks at the distinctions between life and the five land distinctions, the measurement names mentioned by them, the characteristics of the planets, etc., with a scientific eye. It is also aimed at examining various scientific aspects of the solar system in the classical literature, such as the movements of the solar system, the calculations of the time, the observations on the disk, the rotation of the air, the rotation of the air, the space travel of the ancient Tamils, the use of aircraft, the knowledge of astronomy, etc.
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M, Kavitha. "The Charity of Jainism to Tamils based on Naladiyar." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 2 (May 22, 2022): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2226.
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Jainism spread in Tamil Nadu in the 3rd century AD. Jains aim to show love and grace to all. The people of Tamil Nadu embraced Jain religious ideas. Jains contributed to Tamil by composing many books, ranging from Sangam literature to grammar books. In this, the Jains have emphasised many virtues, such as wealth, impermanence, the impermanence of the body, not desiring other women, friendship with virtuous people, and tolerance of mistakes made by friends. The purpose of the Jain religion in Tamil Nadu was to spread their religion among the people. Although on one hand, they tried to spread the Jain religion, on the other hand, they composed various books in Tamil for the Tamils and in the Tamil language for the people to cherish in their minds. In the books composed by them, generally how an individual should live in society, the virtue of not causing suffering to even a small life, and the principles of justice such as morality and dharma are emphasized.
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M, Praburam. "Parable and Metaphor in Thiruvasagam." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 21, 2022): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1338.
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The Tamil language has a long literary history, grammatical richness, and cultural richness. The Tamil language is considered to be the oldest language in the world with grammar books like Tolkappiyam, Nannool, Agam, Puram and Moral literature books like Patinenmelkanakku, Patinenkilkanakku, and devotional literature books like Panniru Thirumaraikal and Nalayiram Thiruppadalkal. The twelve Saiva Thirumaraikal are prominent in the devotional literature of the Tamil language. Out of these Panniru Thirumaraikal, the eighth Thirumarai is composed of Thiruvasagam and Thirukkovaiyar, sung by Vadhavooradikal, and praised by the classical Tamil world. This article examines some of the parables and metaphors that are dealt with by Manickavasagar in Thiruvasagam.
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Steever, Sanford B. "A Reference Grammar of Spoken Tamil (review)." Language 78, no. 2 (2002): 314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2002.0136.
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P, Ganeshwari. "Religious Theory in the Thinai Grammar." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-2 (April 30, 2021): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s223.
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The Tamil word is basic ally from the grammar of the Tamil word. The grammar system that divides world life into 'Thinai' is a very important system in Tamil. Language changes are taking place in a scientifically functioning society. The cultivation and productivity of the foundation of society have an impact on the superstructure of the society, the art, literature and culture. The religious god thought is in the life classification of the Tamil grammar which is the basis for the creation of words. The tholkappiyam period of the resurrection of the collective life is a symbol of the non-religious protodravidian ism and directly links the doctrine of God to the people. The authors of the well developed landslide society, who wrote to tholkappiyam, have also incorporated the theory of God, based on the various religious and social contexts. The Veera Choliam with buddhist background and Neminatha with Jainism link the god sandals in the higher dina. The nannul also inscribes the sanskrit influence of the deity and the naraka of the sanskrit influence, and the sanskrit influential theory of the proto Dravidian grammar of the grammar, the devar and the narakar a number of religious theories.
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Sugunan, Dhusyanthy. "Multifarious nature in Bharathy’s Lyrical Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (January 24, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s21.
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This article, entitled as 'Multifarious nature in Bharathy’s Lyrical Literature', serves as a research paper for the seminar organized with the aim of exploring the diversity of Tamil grammar and literature and exposing the multifarious nature of Tamil. There are a lot of rich literatures in Tamil that express diversity in the field of Grammar and Literature. However, in the field of Tamil grammatical literature, Bharathiyar's poetic literature excel in simplicity, sweetness, novelty and revolution which are conceptual and multifarious. In that respect, this article is designed to examine the contribution of Bharathi's poetry for the richness of Tamil literature in certain contexts. In particular, Bharathi's Tamil poetry is characterized by simple language, attractive poetry, feminist songs, theological devotional songs, and poems that are in tune with the fine arts. The essence of this research study consists of the Multifaceted Specialties of Poetic Excellence from a linguistic point of view such as Pride of Tamil language, Mother Language Obsession and Poetic Specialization, the Diverse Ideas from a feminist point of view such as The Pride of Women, Women’s Rights, Female Liberation and the concept of ‘Puthumai Pen’, Religious and philosophical views from the Theological perspectives such as Theological Thoughts, Devotional Norms (Bhakthi Neri), Glory of power (Shakthi Mahimai) and Specialty Poetic Versus from an aesthetic point of view reflecting Theological Dance Bond, Poetic style suitable for dance and ‘Shakthi Koothu’.
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Uma, B. "The Structural Compression of Kāvyprakāsa and Taṇṭiyalaṅkāra." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i4.2318.
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Tolkāppiyam, the first extant work of Tamil grammar covers the descriptions on the ‘Rhetoric Grammar’ (aṇiyilakkaṇam; figures of language) under the chapter simile. Later on, In ‘Vīracōḻiyam’ which is one of the five grammatical thoughts of Tamil, (Eḻuttu, Col, Poruḷ, Yāppu, Aṇi) the rhetoric aspects of the language was described as following Sanskrit work ‘kāviyātarca’. Subsequently, more works such as Taṇṭiyalaṅkāra, Māṟāṉalaṅkāram, Toṉṉūl Viḷakkam, Muttuvīriyam were written based on the Sanskrit rhetorical conventions. Though the rhetoric works in Tamil were written on the basis of Sanskrit rhetoric aspects, it would have been authored in the Tamil context. Considering the requirement of a comparative research to understand this, the present study proposes to analyses the Sanskrit work ‘Kāvyprakāsa’ written in 11thAD and Tamil work ‘Taṇṭiyalaṅkāra’ written in 12thAD. Noteworthy, both the books were authored in the same time period. This work is comparing the structure of the rhetoric grammatical work of kāvyaprakāsa in Sanskrit and Taṇṭiyalaṅkāra in Tamil. Kāvyaprakāsa divided into ten chapter (ullāsa) and comprises three parts, the kārikās (the stanzas), the vrutti (the explanatory prose gloss), and the examples. This book has 143 rules for poetics. Taṇṭiyalaṅkāram is the earliest complete rhetoric grammar of Tamil written by Dandi. He explains ‘Taṇṭiyalaṅkāram’ under ‘Potuvaṇiyiyal’ (common rhetoric), ‘Poruḷaṇiyiyal’ (rhetoric meaning) and ‘Collaṇiyiyal’ (rhetoric terms). I would like to look at the internal structure and external structure of both texts. Internal structure will deals with auspicious verse, purpose of poetry, divisions of poetry, poetry defects, poetry gunās and rhetoric terms. The chapter divisions will be considering as external structures.
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Janakiraman, N., and P. Dhanalakshmi. "A Semantic Theories of Tholkappiyam and Aspects in Technical Terms." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i2.3421.
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Tamil language Developed in somany ways of Technical field in this Present Scenario. Technical Terms History is long term to world. Tholkappiyam is a first grammar of Tamil Literary history. Is a first Traditional Grammar. This Grammar Mentioned lot of Departments of Language Development. Terminology field started in 19th and 20th Century. Its reached out of Computer and Internet Technology. Linguist formation of many of Theories and concept. Some Scholars he creating many terms and published public journals. Some terms is reached some words is outlet. Some terms is Standardize and stabilize. If Every Term is used to people friendly and acceptable. All terms injecting to one basic orgin. The fundamental of Tholkappiyam Grammar. In this research article deals with how to make a new term of Scientific field and law and other fields. The grammarian used to new concept and theories of Based on Tholkappiyam when a complete of Terminology field.
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M, Mohanalakshmi. "The Edited books in Multidimensional approaches of C.W. Thamotharam Pillai." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (February 28, 2022): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s220.
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C.W. Thamotharam Pillai has got an important place among the Tamil Scholars of Jaffna. He became the forerunner in the field of editing and printing earlier literatures. He has been the first to edit and publish Tholkappiyam, the earliest Tamil grammar of Tamil language and kalitthokai, a representative of sangam literatures. Thus, he has been considered as the model for the followers. Not only he has been considered significantly as an editor, but as a scholar of multidimensional contributer also. His contributions as an editor, a creative writer, the first editor of a daily, a person with social and religious attitudes are discussed in the paper with illustrations. His contributions to Tamil grammar and literature have been reviewed from the point of view of the above six dimensions.
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Ilakia, S. "Tamil Samoogathin Pulamaiyakka Marabil Pen Eyangiyalum Iruppum." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i4.4828.
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Tamil language has two thousand years of classic literary and grammatical resources. The Puluvarmarapu was formed without the long-standing Arupada oral tradition of the Tamil community. Man-made literature is derived from his community. However it stands very much alive in the oral tradition. In the tradition of writing itself it evolves into power. This can be known in Puluvarmarapil. Literature, grammar and texts have appeared in the tradition of linguistic scholarship in the Tamil world of Vadavenkadam Tenkumari Aidai. Yet what is the linguistic scholarship space in which women are creative? This article explores the differences between women’s linguistic and scholarly works and their contribution to the field of linguistic scholarship, such as grammar and texts.
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Zunoomy M.S. and Munas M.H.A. "Common Mistakes in Creating Sentences Consisting of a Subject and Predicate and in Translating them to Tamil: A Case Study of Undergraduates of the Department of Arabic Language of South Eastern University of Sri Lanka." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 12 (December 24, 2021): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.12.17.
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Nominal sentence is a specific aspect of a language. It consists of a subject and predicate. The predicate reflects the subject. Second language learners of Arabic at the level university face difficulties in creating sentences consisting of a subject and predicate and in translating them into Tamil. At the same time, they have learned Arabic grammar in Sri Lankan Arabic Colleges with the 5 – 7 years and also Tamil is their native language. Thus, this research aims to identify the grammar errors when writing nominal sentences and to translate them to Tamil and to rely on the reasons for them. To this, the research uses descriptive analytical methodology through a quantitative approach. It uses a questionnaire for primary data among the undergraduates of the Department of Arabic Language, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. At the same time, secondary data were gathered from researches, books, articles, website articles. The research finds that the undergraduate has the enough theoretical knowledge about the nominal sentence and they have no confuse to develop a nominal sentence. At the same time, in the practical part, they are neutral level in writing a nominal sentence, in finding the error from them a, and in translating them into Tamil. Hence, the practical part is difficult for the undergraduates than the theoretical part.
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Dhanalakshmi, V., and S. Rajendran. "Natural Language Processing Tools for Tamil Grammar Learning and Teaching." International Journal of Computer Applications 8, no. 14 (October 10, 2010): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/1314-1790.
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M, Rukmani. "Feminist portrayal in the poems of Salma and Malati Maitri." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (August 9, 2022): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s845.
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Tamil poets have created, named, categorized, summarized and preserved dialects based on dialects in order to preserve the language they speak. Before exploring the importance of numbers in language it is necessary to know the design of grammatical literature. It is possible that the Sanskrit poets called the text grammar of the words when they recorded the language, they created in the journals so that it would be known to the world, and the textual literature of the world empirical biographies based on his linguistic ability. By learning the language of counting and writing as the body and soul direct the human being, it is possible to know through the Tamil numerals that the numbers representing the measurements are also designed while the letters are being created. The purpose of the article is to give an overview of the measurements that have taken place in human life, with descriptions of messages, numbers, and nouns. The importance of numbers has been highlighted in explaining the alphabetical order of the letters and the alphabetical alphabets created for the Tamil language under the heading of letters and numbers, as well as the design of the vowels formed with the primary letters. The use of numbers in the classification of letters by alphabetical order is illustrated by the use of numbers to distinguish vowel letters into vowel, melody, and interjection types, and to point and quote characters. The words created for measurements such as size and mass are the primary letters of the words and the reasons for giving a special place to measurements in Tamil are explained. In order to give Tamil a lofty place in the world languages in the end, there are poems in which the Tamils use their numbers to indicate the year of publication, the year of an action, the time of action, and the number of soldiers involved in the war. The conclusion of the study is outlined.
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R, Subbulakshmi. "Numbers in Tholkappiyam Eluthathikaram." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (February 28, 2022): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s252.
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Tamil poets have created, named, categorized, summarized and preserved dialects based on dialects in order to preserve the language they speak. Before exploring the importance of numbers in language it is necessary to know the design of grammatical literature. It is possible that the Sanskrit poets called the text grammar of the words when they recorded the language, they created in the journals so that it would be known to the world, and the textual literature of the world empirical biographies based on his linguistic ability. By learning the language of counting and writing as the body and soul direct the human being, it is possible to know through the Tamil numerals that the numbers representing the measurements are also designed while the letters are being created. The purpose of the article is to give an overview of the measurements that have taken place in human life, with descriptions of messages, numbers, and nouns. The importance of numbers has been highlighted in explaining the alphabetical order of the letters and the alphabetical alphabets created for the Tamil language under the heading of letters and numbers, as well as the design of the vowels formed with the primary letters. The use of numbers in the classification of letters by alphabetical order is illustrated by the use of numbers to distinguish vowel letters into vowel, melody, and interjection types, and to point and quote characters. The words created for measurements such as size and mass are the primary letters of the words and the reasons for giving a special place to measurements in Tamil are explained. In order to give Tamil a lofty place in the world languages in the end, there are poems in which the Tamils use their numbers to indicate the year of publication, the year of an action, the time of action, and the number of soldiers involved in the war. The conclusion of the study is outlined.
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Alagu, V. RA, and G. Priyalakshmi. "Similarities between South Korea and Tamil Nadu: The Unknown Link." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11i2.6524.
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Tamil is one of the ancient languages which has an oldest extant literature. It is one of the longest surviving Dravidian languages dated from 300 BC. Korean is the native language for about 80 million people all over the world. Modern Korean was developed by King Sejong the Great in the 15th century. While analyzing the Tamil and Korean scripts, there was a certain amount of similarity in both text and grammar of these two languages. Despite the geographical separation of these two peninsulas, they share a considerable extent of literature and cultural resemblance. Hence, this proposed work provides a proof for the similarity with the help of a theoretical research study. This work portrays a list of words taken from Korean and Tamil Literature as samples and classifies them as complete or partial based on their similarity. It also lists verbs which after conjugation have a lexical similarity.
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Aladdin Assaiqeli, Mahendran Maniam, Samikkanu Jabamoney Samuel, Suwarsih Madya. "THE INFLUENCE OF L1 (TAMIL LANGUAGE) IN THE WRITING OF L2 (ENGLISH)." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2344.
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This study focuses on the interference of L1 grammatical rules in the writing of L2 with specific reference to the interference of Tamil (L1) in English (L2). Though many research have been done in mother tongue interference, very few research have been conducted in terms of Tamil versus English. This study seeks to find out the components of the L1 (Tamil language) grammar that the students of Tamil schools use interchangeably in their daily writing of L2, namely English. This study will follow a mixture of qualitative and quantitative survey research design, the purpose of which is to find out the influence of mother tongue linguistic items in the writing of English (L2), among the standard 4 students of a selected school. The findings of the study clearly indicated that mother tongue and the national language interfered (negative transfer) in the writing of L2 among Tamil school students. Apart from the interference of L1, the research also found that there is a heavy influence of the national language (Malay) in the writing of students' L2.
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M, Selvakumar. "Comparison of Syllabification." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (August 9, 2022): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s841.
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On the topic of syllabification, the types of writing and the changes that writing goes through are compared based on the stories told by Tolkappiyam Nannool. In the Tamil grammar which was followed in the Initial method, the grammar was heavily concerned with punarchi. Just as syllabify is related to verbal grammar, it can be seen in Tolkappiyam and Nannool grammar books that devote a large part of syllabify in written grammar. In this way, it is necessary to find out about the stories that are included in the two books, Tolkappiyam and Nannool. The syllabify is one of the characteristics of Tamil language. As words continue, they join each other naturally without change and subject to deformation. This pattern is one of the main reasons why words need to be added and separated. The combination of the final letter of the adverb and the initial letter of the adverb is called Eluttu punarchi. The stories about Punarchi are told in six iyaals such as Tolkappiyam Punarial and in three iyaals such as Nannool Uyirirru Punarial. The aim of this study is to compare the rules for writing in the works mentioned in these two grammar books.
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S, Sureshkumar. "Semantic Theory in Ainkurunuru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (February 24, 2023): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s19101.
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The Tamil language can be said to be the oldest of the world's languages. Tamil literature deals with various aspects of life. They contain a variety of literature, grammar, stories, essays, poems, proverbs, etc. Moreover, the Sangam literature depicts everyday life. From the Sangam age to the present period, a variety of writers and books have appeared. The Sangam literature consists of a large number of sections viz., Ettutthokai, Patthuppaattu, and Pathinen Kilkanakku books. Though there is Akam and Puram in the Ettutthokai of Sangam literature, in the third of Ainkurunooru ten songs to each of five thinais, that is five hundred songs are found. All of these songs were sung by different poets at different times and in different contexts. Though all the Pulavars are Tamils, they all belong to different periods. The Tamil language can vary from time to time. Therefore, the vocabulary of each scholar can vary. It was the Ettutthokai that beautifully illustrated the conditions of life of the people of the Sangam age and compiled them as well as illustrated them clearly. Moreover, the Ettutthokai volume of books has shown the true feelings of the people of the Sangam age such as valour, love, justice, benevolence, humanity, pride, and warmth. In Sangam literature, the imaginary lines about love are classified as Akam and the fields of life such as heroism, love, charity, etc., are classified as Puram.
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S, Bharathi. "Silapathikaram quotes in grammatical text." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22113.
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Epics has been created in various languages such as Greek, Latin, Persian and Tamil in the world. Even in Tolkappiyam, there is no reference the existence of epics in Tamil. Dandiyalankara is the first script recorded about epics in Tamil. Silappathikaram is the first epic to appear in Tamil literature. This epic and Tolkappiyam were appeared during Sangam literature followed by AD Appeared in the second century. The author of this epic is Ilangovadi. He is the son of Cheramannan Neduncheralathan and the brother of Cheran Senkuttuvan. Silappathikaram is one of the greatest epics that appeared in the Tamil language. It is no exaggeration to say that as the epics were developed next to vintage literature appeared. Grammar rules are composed and written by Vaithiyanatha Desikar in the AD seventeenth century. He has used quotations from various grammatical texts in the context of the text with rich evidence for the text. He has used these quotations to clarify grammatical explanatory threads, for further explanation and for textual concentration. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how grammatical lyricism supports grammatical interpretation.
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Muthu, Jenithaa, Krupa Venkatraman, and Latika Ganesh. "Comparative analysis of story-grammar development: a cross-sectional study of Tamil-speaking child cochlear implant users and hearing peers in Tamil Nadu, India." BMJ Open 13, no. 12 (December 2023): e077145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077145.
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ObjectiveThis cross-sectional comparative study aimed to analyse and compare the story-grammar components in Tamil-speaking children with and without hearing impairment (HI) narratives.DesignThe study used a cross-sectional, comparative design to assess and compare narrative structures.SettingData were collected at the Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research in Chennai, India.Participants30 children participated in the study, including 15 children with severe to profound hearing loss who used cochlear implants and 15 with normal hearing. The participants were language-age-matched children aged 3–5 years, proficient in Tamil.InterventionsNo specific interventions were implemented in this study.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures focused on story-grammar components, including settings, characters, initiating events, internal plans, attempts, outcomes, and resolution. These components were evaluated through narrative retellings by the children.ResultsAnalysis of the narratives revealed significant differences between the two groups. Children with normal hearing demonstrated a higher representation of story-grammar elements than children with HI.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that children with normal hearing exhibit a more proficient understanding and utilisation of story structure in their story-telling than children with HI. This study highlights the importance of narrative analysis in language assessment, particularly for children with HI. Tailored interventions incorporating appropriate language stimulation techniques are needed to enhance children’s narrative skills with HI. Further research in this area is warranted.
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Subalalitha, Chinnaudayar Navaneethakrishnan, and Parthasarathi Ranjani. "A Unique Indexing Technique for Discourse Structures." Journal of Intelligent Systems 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2013-0034.
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AbstractSutra is a form of text representation that has been used in both Tamil and Sanskrit literature to convey information in a short and crisp manner. Nanool, an ancient Tamil grammar masterpiece has used sutras for defining grammar rules. Similarly, in Sanskrit literature, many of the Shāstrās have used sutras for a concise representation of their content. Sutras are defined as short aphorisms, formulae-like structures that convey the complete essence of the text. They act as indices to the elaborate content they refer to. Inspired by their characteristics, this article proposes an indexing mechanism based on sutras for discourse structures built using rhetorical structure theory (RST) and also using Sangati, a concept proposed in Sanskrit literature. The indices identified by the indexer are ideal for question answering (QA), summary generation, and information retrieval (IR) systems. The indexer has been tested on IR system using 1000 Tamil language text documents. A performance comparison has also been made with one of the existing RST-based indexing technique.
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Jayakrishnan, P. "Naturopathy in Tolkappiam." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i4.4832.
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Tolkappim is a grammar book on the Tamil language, but it is also a grammar book that explains the concepts of science, philosophy, medicine, astronomy, astrology, mathematics, etc. This article or section needs sources or references that appear in credible, third-party publications. Tolkappiyar has published many medical ideas that were not published by the western medical scholars who lived in the world two thousand years ago. This article or section needs sources or references that appear in credible, third-party publications.
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S, Elakiya. "Genealogical grammar development and text formatting in Tamil society." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (February 28, 2022): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s231.
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Language is the ultimate creation of human knowledge. As a result of linguistic activity the universe, nature, culture, the relationship between society and man, the worldview based on it, theories based on that perspective, the rules that follow are formed, the types that are taught to test those rules together form the knowledge sequence of a time. Grammars and texts were developed in such a knowledge-based dialectical community. The reading that takes place in a work in each period makes the understanding of the work run as an evolution. Thus, textual traditions based on discussions of grammatical texts formed by studying grammatical texts, the formation of grammars, bibliography and grammatical commanders can be found. Similarly, it is necessary to know the stages of textual formation and development in Tamil society on the basis of tradition.
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M, Radha. "The Epic Tradition in the Song Natrinai." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 21, 2022): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1336.
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The reason for the pride and richness of a language is due to the grammar and literature that have emerged in the eyes of that language. The epics occupy a significant place in those verses. Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, considered to be the oldest epics in the world, have also been written in accordance with the epic tradition of that language. Indian language epics are also written within the epic tradition of the regional languages. These include the five great and minor epics that have appeared in the Tamil language; the Kamba Ramayanam, the Periyapuranam, etc. However, if we examine whether the Sangam literature, viz., the songs and the thokai, falls within the epic tradition, the Agam and Puram songs contain at least a few of the epic traditions of the Dandiya author. It can be seen that the majority of the epic elements have been matched in the Kalitthokai and the Pathuppaattu Songs. This study is intended to examine how the epic traditions have adapted to the song that has been taken up for the subject matter of the study. In particular, this study has revealed whether the epic grammar of the Dandiya author has been followed.