Journal articles on the topic 'Grammar, Comparative and general Voice'
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Korbozerova, Nina. "PRINCIPALS OF THE COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR: VERB IN THE SPANISH AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES (ASPECT)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 40 (2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2021.40.02.
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At the current stage of the development of linguistics, the triple scientific interest is updated towards the theory of the comparison of languages, towards the theory of translation and towards intercultural communication as a consequence of the cardinal changes in the political and cultural life of the society. The important place in translation theory is occupied by grammatical problems. To make the correct grammatical transformations, the translator/interpreter must thoroughly know the similar and distinctive features between the original language and the language of the translation, which is the object of comparative grammar. In general, the grammatical categories adequately reflect the conceptual framework of the world, manifesting its basic invariants. In grammatical categories there are several differences that are the cause of semantic differences in consequence of specific worldviews and particular linguistic world pictures. For example, when comparing the categories and grammatical forms of the Spanish and Ukrainian languages, there is a lot of difference between the number and gender of the suative noun. In addition, in the Spanish language there is the category of determination/indeterminacy that is manifested in the presence/absence of the article, while in the Ukrainian language there is the grammatical case in the noun. The most significant differences between the two languages analyzed are observed in the grammatical categories of the verb, particularly in aspect, tense, mood and voice.
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Guskova, Antonina P. "Expression of voice relation in the languages of different structure: is there a category of voice in Hungarian?" Finno-Ugric World 14, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.01.33-43.
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Introduction. This article is a development of an earlier study on the grammatical categories of the verb in Hungarian in comparison with Russian. The subject of study in this work is the grammatical category of voice, one of the most common verbal categories, typical for Russian verbs and absent in the Hungarian language, as well as the ways of its transmission when translated into Hungarian. The purpose of this work is to analyze the grammatical forms of the Hungarian and Russian verbs expressing voice relations and to establish the corresponding equivalents of the category of voice in Russian in the Hungarian language. Materials and Methods. The research material is verbal vocabulary selected from lexicographic works (dictionaries of the Hungarian and Russian languages), linguistic and journalistic sources, grammars of the Hungarian language. The article considers both the written form of the modern Hungarian language and examples from live colloquial speech. The methodological framework of this study is based on researches on general linguistics, the theory of morphology, contributing to the formulation of the problem, determining the degree of its development in the research literature, as well as familiarizing with the conceptual approaches to the voice as an ambiguously interpreted grammatical category of the verb. The methods used in the study are comparative-typological, synchronous-descriptive and functional-semantic methods. Results and Discussion. In the course of study it revealed how inflectional and derivational means helping to express the grammatical semantics of the category of voice in Russian can adequately convey the categorical meaning in the Hungarian language, in which the category of voice is absent. The comparative study of two languages helps to identify the features inherent in each of them, which generally contributes to solving the problems associated with the practice of their teaching. The results of the work based on the data of the ongoing research may be useful in the analysis of other grammatical categories on the material of various languages. Conclusion. Despite the fact that verbs in the Hungarian language do not have a passive voice, the means and forms of its expression are represented in it by a developed and diverse system. The study allows making a step forward in understanding the typological specifics of the voice category and make a certain contribution to the general theory of this phenomenon, since it was the first study of the verb forms of two heterogeneous, genetically unrelated languages based on a comparative analysis in grammatical, semantic and functional aspects.
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Bawej, Izabela. "Rozumowanie dedukcyjne w procesie uczenia się języka niemieckiego jako drugiego języka obcego na przykładzie podsystemu gramatycznego." Neofilolog, no. 58/1 (April 27, 2022): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2022.58.1.6.
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The role of the first foreign language in second foreign language learning is an interesting research question.
The main purpose of the research was to relate if and how the learners make deductions about German grammar based on English language skills. Therefore, this study presents the results of a survey conducted among students of Applied Linguistics who learn German after English. Participants were interviewed to state their opinion about the usefulness of English in learning German structures. The results of this inquiry allow the conclusions that learners use and transfer the previously acquired knowledge and information from what they have in first foreign language in order to understand, learn or form structures in the second foreign language. They compare both languages, look for similarities in the creation of the construction and the application of the structures or constructions, conclude by analogies between English and German in grammatical subsystem. In this way they deduce that English makes possible and facilitates to memorize grammatical forms while learning German, e.g. passive voice, articles, tenses, irregular verbs, comparative and superlative adjectives.
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Rashtchi, M., and F. Etebari. "Learning the English Passive Voice: A Comparative Study on Input Flooding and Input Enhancement Techniques." International Linguistics Research 1, no. 1 (May 18, 2018): p67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v1n1p67.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of input flooding and input enhancement on grammar knowledge of passive voice among Iranian EFL learners. Preliminary English Test (PET) was administered to 75 learners who were in six intact classes in a language institute in Tehran. Sixty female low-intermediate learners whose scores fell within the range of ±1 standard deviation were selected. These classes were then randomly assigned to receive two different treatments. Three classes in the experimental group one (Input Enhancement Group) were exposed to passive structures through input enhancement guidelines, and the three classes in the experimental group two (Input Flooding Group) received the same materials drawing on the guidelines in line with input flooding procedures. It should be noted that the 15 discarded participants were present in the classes, but their scores were not considered in the data analysis. The reason for selecting six classes was the limited number of students in each class. However, the classes were taught by the same teacher to control teacher variable. The results of the pretest showed that the groups were homogeneous regarding their knowledge about the English passive voice. After the treatment, the participants sat for the posttest, which was identical to the pretest to measure their gain of the passive structures. The results indicated that both input flooding and input enhancement significantly affected the grammar knowledge of the passive voice. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the effects of input flooding and input enhancement in improving the knowledge of passive voice of the participants.
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Hirliana, Wiwinda, I. Made Sujana, and Atri Dewi Aziz. "The Relevance of English Grammar Materials Used at Eed Study Program and Three-Dimensional Grammar Framework: A Case of Passive Voice." Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan 7, no. 3c (October 17, 2022): 1965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v7i3c.849.
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Grammar is an important language aspect in both spoken and written language uses. However, most students at English Education Department Unram found it difficult to learn. It is shown in their TOEFL achievement. The failure may come from various factors, one of which is learning materials. This study is conducted in order to find out whether the course book used by the English Education students using Three-Dimensional Grammar Framework as this framework is created to achieve balance between grammar and communication because the objectives of learning grammar in university level have not been well achieved by the students. This study is qualitative research. The source of the data in this study is the course book used by EED students at University of Mataram entitled English Grammar 2 and focused on the passive voice materials. The data is collected by using documentation. The result of this study is the course book English Grammar 2 has applied the components of Three-Dimensional Grammar Framework such as forms/structures of passive voice have been presented completely as seen from the curriculum, meaning/semantic and use/pragmatic of passive voice have been presented. However, the uses of passive voice such as (1) when the non-agent is more closely related than the agent to the theme of the text, (2) when the non-agent is participant in the immediately preceding sentence, and (3) the speaker is being tactful and evasive are not presented.
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Agustini, Siti, Norita Prasetya Wardhani, and Evy Nur Amalina. "Improving Students’ Grammar Skill Through Student Centered Learning at ITATS." English Focus: Journal of English Language Education 1, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24905/efj.v1i2.32.
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English is an International language which is used by so many people to interact with people from other countries. Good English ability is needed by students to support learning process and working after the students graduate from university. Grammar is a point of language. By knowing and understanding correct grammar, so, their English is better. The aim of this research was to give proposal of English learning to improve students' grammar ability. The method used was students’ center learning using presentation in the class. The materials were simple present and perfect, future simple tense, modal, comparative, and passive voice. This research was conducted on 33 students in ITATS. The result of this research was 87% of students got to increase score for post-test and 30% of students passed the score. Thus, students’ center learning method was effective to increase students' grammar ability.
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Lehmann, Christian. "A survey of general comparative grammar." Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 1 (March 1988): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700011609.
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Ying, Jian. "An Analysis of the Middle Voice in Advertising English." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1142.
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This paper discusses the Middle Voice in the framework of Systemic-functional Grammar, which is employed to analyze and unpack advertising English. Taking the Middle Voice as a kind of strategic choice, the paper attempts to show how and why it contributes a lot to realizing the communicative purposes in advertising English. Key words: Middle Voice; advertising English; functions.
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Pinnaduwa, Preethi Dinusha. "Learning Japanese Passive Voice by Sri Lankan Learners." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v10i2.58238.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the difficulties of learning Passive voice and to identify the type of errors learners do when producing Japanese passive sentences. It also aims to find strategies to minimize the errors in Passive sentences and reduce the difficulties in learning. The participants in this research are, learners of secondary schools and adult learners aged 20 to 40 in private institutes in three districts of Sri Lanka. A passive grammar test and a questionnaire have been used as the measuring instruments for this study. The grammar test was done by 100 learners while the questionnaire was answered by 94 learners. After the data was collected, a cross-sectional analysis was used to analyse the data. The results show that errors were done in the word order of the passive sentences, usage of the particles, construction of the passive verbs, using passive on transitive and intransitive verbs, and, construction of causative passive verbs. The researcher concludes, that to reduce the errors, strategies such as watching Japanese videos and dramas, making friends with Japanese nationals, gaining a good knowledge of the Japanese culture, memorizing, and making many passive sentences can be used.
Keywords: Passive voice of Japanese; difficulties in learning; errors in Passive sentences; Secondary school learners and adult learners.
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Fathonah, Siti, and Achmad Dicky Romadhan. "Active and passive voice in Bulungan Language." Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v10i2.48647.
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Bulungan Language as one of the langugaes in North Kalimantan Province has scattered speakers in 8 sub-districts. As language with scattered speakers made Bulungan Language get less attention from language researcher dan linguist to describe it thoroughly. Bulungan language has active voice and passive voice as part of its grammar which has not been studied furtherly yet. Then, the rseracher take this chance to discuss active voice and passive voice in the Bulungan language in this study. This research employed qualitative descriptive research. The data used in this study was oral data directly taken from the native Bulungan speakers. The data collection technique used in this study was by listening technique and the note-taking technique. This study revealed that the active and passive voice of the Bulungan language had different markers but same passive voice property across languages.
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Taka, Soleman Dapa. "The Efficacy of Using Quizzing Collaborative Learning Strategy in Teaching Grammar to Senior High School Students." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 10, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 1208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i2.3373.
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This research aims at finding out the efficacy of using Quizzing Collaborative Learning Strategy in teaching grammar especially conditional sentences to Indonesian English as Foreign Language (EFL) students. The main question of this research: Is the use of Quizzing Collaborative Learning Strategy effective in teaching grammar to Indonesian EFL students?. The research can be an addition to the persisting teaching grammar of English particularly the use of Quizzing Collaborative Learning Strategy. This research was conducted at the tenth-grade students at SMA Kristen Mercusuar, Kupang, an Indonesian High School. The total number of samples was 25 students. The research used a pre-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design. The pre-test was given to find out the basic ability of the students in reading and the post-test given to find out the students’ improvement in grammar especially passive voice after giving the treatment by using Quizzing Collaborative Learning Strategy. The findings show that using the Quizzing Collaborative Learning Strategy is effective in teaching grammar to Indonesian EFL students. It is supported by the result of the significance test through SPSS 20 program that the P was 0.00. Therefore, it is recommended to use the Quizzing Collaborative Learning Strategy in developing students’ competence in grammar class of Indonesian EFL students.
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Pasaribu, Truly Almendo. "The Negation Jangan from a Lexical Functional Perspective." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.v16i1.281.
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This paper is an investigation into the properties of the negation jangan in the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar. The analysis shows that the negation jangan can negate verbs functioning as predicate in a sentence. It follows both transitive and intransitive verbs. The constituent that fills the position in the subject is defined by the voice of the sentence. If it is in the active voice, the subject is the second person pronoun. On the other hand, if the word jangan negates passive voice, the subject is not restricted. It is possible in Indonesian sentence to have double negation because the negative adverb jangan can negatea negation tidak. It also follows adjectives, adverbs, nouns and clauses. Thenegation jangan also has a different grammatical construction when it precedesthe preposition sampai. The subject following jangan sampai is not restricted asthe subject following jangan sampai is in active voice. The word jangan can befronted to modify the whole clause.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2013.160105
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White, Michael, Robert A. J. Clark, and Johanna D. Moore. "Generating Tailored, Comparative Descriptions with Contextually Appropriate Intonation." Computational Linguistics 36, no. 2 (June 2010): 159–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli.09-023-r1-08-002.
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Generating responses that take user preferences into account requires adaptation at all levels of the generation process. This article describes a multi-level approach to presenting user-tailored information in spoken dialogues which brings together for the first time multi-attribute decision models, strategic content planning, surface realization that incorporates prosody prediction, and unit selection synthesis that takes the resulting prosodic structure into account. The system selects the most important options to mention and the attributes that are most relevant to choosing between them, based on the user model. Multiple options are selected when each offers a compelling trade-off. To convey these trade-offs, the system employs a novel presentation strategy which straightforwardly lends itself to the determination of information structure, as well as the contents of referring expressions. During surface realization, the prosodic structure is derived from the information structure using Combinatory Categorial Grammar in a way that allows phrase boundaries to be determined in a flexible, data-driven fashion. This approach to choosing pitch accents and edge tones is shown to yield prosodic structures with significantly higher acceptability than baseline prosody prediction models in an expert evaluation. These prosodic structures are then shown to enable perceptibly more natural synthesis using a unit selection voice that aims to produce the target tunes, in comparison to two baseline synthetic voices. An expert evaluation and f0 analysis confirm the superiority of the generator-driven intonation and its contribution to listeners' ratings.
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Khandekar, Atharva. "A Comparative Study of 4G and VoLTE." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 2338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39713.
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Abstract: This research paper provides an insight into the comparison between VoLTE and 4G. 4G Wireless Systems or Fourth generation wireless system is a packet switched wireless system with wide area coverage and high throughput. It is designed to be cost effective and to provide high spectral efficiency. VoLTE (voice over LTE) supports voice calls over 4G LTE network. With advanced VoLTE technology, the 4G network now provides high-speed data services, high-quality voice and video calls at affordable price. This paper first presents the challenges and benefits of both 4G and VoLTE and then compares them with consideration of different points. Keywords: GSM, LTE, VoLTE, 3G, HSPA, RAN
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Michaelis, Laura A. "The Comparative Conditional in Latin." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 18, no. 1 (August 25, 1992): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v18i1.1594.
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Kruchinina, Olga, Ekaterina Stankova, Diana Guillemard, and Elizaveta Galperina. "Passive Voice Comprehension during Thematic-Role Assignment in Russian-Speaking Children Aged 4–6 Is Reflected in the Sensitivity of ERP to Noun Inflections." Brain Sciences 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060693.
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Children tend to rely on semantics rather than syntax during sentence comprehension. In transitive sentences, with no reliance on semantics, the syntax-based strategy becomes critical. We aimed to describe developmental changes of brain mechanisms for syntax processing in typically developing (TD) four to six year old’s. A specially designed sentence-picture matching task using active (AV) and passive (PV) voice enforced children to use grammar cues for sentence comprehension. Fifty children with above >60% level of accuracy in PV sentences comprehension demonstrated brain sensitivity to voice grammar markers-inflections of the second noun phrase (NP2), which was expressed in a greater event-related potentials (ERP) amplitude to PV vs. AV sentences in four-, five-, and six-year-old children. The biphasic positive-negative component at 200–400 ms was registered in the frontocentral and bilateral temporoparietal areas. Only in six-year-old children P600 was registered in the right temporoparietal area. LAN-like negativity seems to be a mechanism for distinguishing AV from PV in the early stages of mastering syntax processing of transitive sentences in four to five year old children. Both behavioral and ERP results distinguished six-year-olds from four-year-old’s and five-year-old’s, reflecting the possible transition to the “adult-like” syntax-based thematic role assignment.
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Srinivasan, Arumugam, ThangaRaj Vinoth, R. Ravinder, SamuelPriyan Mosses, and Yagnesh Kumar. "Voice Controlled Wheel Chair with Intelligent Stability." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 3689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9262.
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This paper is about a wheel chair controlled by voice command developed to help the physically challenged people. The physically challenged person as user can control the wheel chair by voice commands such as forward, reverse etc. ‘Julian’ a grammar based recognizer is used in this system. The basic commands, the short motion command and the command of verification are the three commands given to the system. Julian has successful recognition rate of 98% of commands given to it based on the studies and experiments conducted. Patients and physically challenged people are depending on others while moving on wheel chair hence they do not have freedom in motion. This voice command controlled wheel chair provides freedom of motion to patients and physically challenged to be independent on movement to the respective places. Arduino control the motor by motor driver based on the commands processed by the voice recognition module. This voice command controlled wheel chair provides motion on the patient or physically challenged people voice. Gyroscopic sensor is used to maintain the level straight of the wheel chair when the person travelling in the slope it prevents the person to feel off from the chair which is operated by servo motor.
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Kim, Kangwon. "A Study on the Meaning of Genre Grammar and Discourse in Korean Fantasy TV Drama: <Master's Sun>, <My Love from the Star>, <I Can Hear Your Voice>, and <Nine-Times Time Travel>." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.9.44.9.267.
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This study aims to pay attention to 2013 for the study of the fantasy genre of Korean TV dramas. This is because in 2013, works that could be the prototype of the fantasy genre appeared, and since then, it has become an important starting point for forming the genre grammar of the Korean fantasy genre. In 2013, the four most popular works, <Master's Sun>, <My Love from the Star>, <I Can Hear Your Voice>, and <Nine-Times Time Travel>, were studied to capture the meaning of the current genre grammar and discourse of fantasy TV dramas.
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Fadhilawati, Dian, Aslam Khan, Dwita Laksmita Rachmawati, and Moh Mansur. "Tackling and Handling Students’ Grammar Mastery on Passive Voices in A Higher Education: Quizizz Application Power." VELES: Voices of English Language Education Society 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/veles.v6i2.5661.
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This research aimed to boost the grammar mastery of 24 students, particularly Passive voices using the Quizizz application and to discover their reactions to the usage of that platform for learning and assessing Passive Voices at a Private University in Blitar. This research used a classroom action research design with the following procedures: planning, acting, observing and evaluating, and reflecting. The research results revealed that the usage of the Quizizz application increased the mastery of passive voices of 24 students from 54.75 in the Pre-action Test to 87.25 on the post-action test. Furthermore, the respondents responded positively toward the usage of the Quizizz platform to learn and assess Passive Voices. Referring to the findings, we can sum up that using the Quizizz Application in Passive Voice learning is extremely beneficial in improving the students' learning outcomes since the students can learn passive voice material such as they are playing games anywhere and anytime. Therefore, the researchers suggest that teachers or lecturers may apply this application to their classrooms to make fun and enjoyable learning for the students.
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Kharchenko, Tetiana, Tеtіana Semashko, Ievgen Dolynskiy, Liliia Bespala, and Tetiana Ivanova. "Use of Moodle LMS-Based Tests for Enhancing Linguistic Competence of Students Majoring in Foreign Language Philology." Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 10, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v10n4p67.
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The purpose of the study is to identify how the speech production component of the linguistic competence, which seems to be a deficiency of using the Moodle LMS in the language training, can be enhanced through the use of the voice-administered language tests. Ten Moodle-based voice-administered language tests were designed, piloted, and employed to influence the stages of speech production component and English language proficiency level both seen as an approach to enhancing the linguistic competence of students majoring in foreign language Philology. The tests assessed the components of linguistic competence such as cohesion and coherence, vocabulary (lexical resource), along with grammar, and accuracy. The course satisfaction survey was used to study the experimental group students’ perceptions towards the use of voice-administered language tests to develop linguistic competence. It was found that the designed Moodle-based voice-administered language tests could be considered a feasible and reliable option to enhance the linguistic competence in the students majoring in Foreign Language Philology. The tests had influenced the stages of the speech production component and English language proficiency level, in general. They also improve students’ cohesion and coherence, vocabulary (lexical resource), grammar, and accuracy that are seen as components of linguistic competence. Due to the intervention, there was a considerable shift in the EG students’ English vocabulary profile. There was a movement to higher levels of proficiency in the use of vocabulary compared to the CG students whose growth was marginal, mostly in the B1 level. It was also found that the EG students were generally satisfied with the intervention, the design and content of the tests, and the effectiveness of the tests in developing linguistic competence.
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Farikha, Ninik. "The Comparative Study of Speaking Skill Taught by Using Grammar Translation Method And Direct Method at Sibling English Course." EDULINK : EDUCATION AND LINGUISTICS KNOWLEDGE JOURNAL 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/edulink.v4i1.2381.
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This research is aimed at describing whether there is any positive significant difference between grammar translation method and direct method at Sibling English Course, and which one is more effective taught speaking skill by using grammar translation method and direct method at Sibling English Course. The research design used was comparative study design. The subject of research was 30 students. The instrument used was test. The result of this study showed that ttest is 6.960. It is higher than t table at either 5% or 1% significance level. So, it can be concluded that teaching speaking by using direct method is more effective, and there is any positive significant difference between grammar translation method and direct method at Sibling English Course. It is recommended for the teacher to teach students’ skill using these methods.
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Izhar, Fahad, and Muhammad Aamir Hashmi. "Comparative Analysis of Direct Method and Grammar Translation Method on Student Learning in English among Secondary School." Global Educational Studies Review VII, no. I (March 30, 2022): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2022(vii-i).34.
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The grammar translation method and direct method were compared in this study to see how they impacted students' English learning outcomes at secondary school. These results were obtained through the use of an experimental pre-test and post-test control group design. In this study, the participants were all students at Govt. Islamia High School Sambrial District Sialkot. Of the 148 students in 10th grade, 60 students were randomly chosen. This study's second phase used pre-test scores to assign students to experimental and control groups. For the purpose of gathering information about students' academic progress, the MCQ test was created. Six weeks of treatment (Grammar translation) were given to the experimental group. A follow-up test was administered to all participants, experimental and control alike. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The experimental and control groups were compared using a T-test. According to the results, students who were taught English through the grammar-translation method performed better on standardized tests than students who were taught the subject directly.
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Zwiep, Irene E. "Adding the Reader's Voice: Early-modern Ashkenazi Grammars of Hebrew." Science in Context 20, no. 2 (June 2007): 163–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889707001238.
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ArgumentThe Ashkenazi grammars of Hebrew written between roughly 1600 and 1800 fill a modest and largely forgotten shelf in the Jewish scholarly library. At first sight, especially when compared with the medieval Jewish and contemporary Christian Hebrew traditions, they seem to lack technical sophistication. As this paper hopes to demonstrate, however, this apparent lack of sophistication was not so much an intrinsic flaw as a deliberate choice. For the earliest Ashkenazi textbooks were not about studying grammar, but about teaching Hebrew. By adapting the existing descriptive models to the needs of the classroom and the gemeyne leytn (ordinary people), Jewish scholars and teachers in such cities as Prague, Wilhelmsdorff, and Amsterdam hoped to find and instruct new audiences. Depending on context and target audience, they either relied on Hebrew, Yiddish, or on an intricate interplay of the two for maximum success and efficiency. It was this innovative combination of didactic simplification and functional bilingualism that allowed them not only to reach a new readership, but also to equip that readership to henceforth read their Bible and prayers with unprecedented autonomy.
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Umeno, H., S. Chitose, K. Sato, and T. Nakashima. "Comparative study of framework surgery and fat injection laryngoplasty." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, S31 (May 2009): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109005064.
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AbstractObjective:To evaluate differences between the functional results of framework surgery and autologous fat injection laryngoplasty, for patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis.Study design:Sixty-two patients underwent framework surgery, while 64 received autologous fat injection laryngoplasty. Voice function before and after both procedures was assessed using aerodynamic and acoustic analysis, with differences evaluated using paired t-test in both groups.Results:In both groups, all parameters improved significantly after surgery, compared with before surgery. Post-operative improvement in all parameters was significantly greater after fat injection laryngoplasty, compared with framework surgery.Conclusion:Autologous fat injection laryngoplasty was thus found to be a more effective and reliable therapy for improving voice function in patients with vocal fold paralysis, compared with framework surgery.
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Aschermann, Ellen, Insa Gülzow, and Dirk Wendt. "Differences in the Comprehension of Passive Voice in German- and English-Speaking Children." Swiss Journal of Psychology 63, no. 4 (December 2004): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.63.4.235.
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This study tested the understanding of sentences in active and passive voice in 60 German and 46 British preschool children. In German and English passive sentences, the object of the active phrase appears in the topic position. Whereas the German language also allows active sentences with the object as topic, English nearly always requires the sequence subject-predicate-object. Participants listened to 24 active and passive sentences that differed in plausibility (likely, neutral, or unlikely). Their understanding was tested by asking them to either choose a correct line drawing depicting the sentence or to act it out with dolls. Results showed no effect of the plausibility of an event. However, English children did not exhibit a full comprehension of passives until they were about 1 year older than German children. It is concluded that this is due largely to how the passive relates to the rest of a language’s grammar.
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Syed, Sidra Abid, Munaf Rashid, Samreen Hussain, and Hira Zahid. "Comparative Analysis of CNN and RNN for Voice Pathology Detection." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 14, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6635964.
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Diagnosis on the basis of a computerized acoustic examination may play an incredibly important role in early diagnosis and in monitoring and even improving effective pathological speech diagnostics. Various acoustic metrics test the health of the voice. The precision of these parameters also has to do with algorithms for the detection of speech noise. The idea is to detect the disease pathology from the voice. First, we apply the feature extraction on the SVD dataset. After the feature extraction, the system input goes into the 27 neuronal layer neural networks that are convolutional and recurrent neural network. We divided the dataset into training and testing, and after 10 k-fold validation, the reported accuracies of CNN and RNN are 87.11% and 86.52%, respectively. A 10-fold cross-validation is used to evaluate the performance of the classifier. On a Linux workstation with one NVidia Titan X GPU, program code was written in Python using the TensorFlow package.
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Mohanad Ali Meteab Al-Obaidi, Basim Jamil Ali, and Bassam Alkindy. "A comparative Study of the Evolution Different Mobile Generations for Wireless Communication." journal of the college of basic education 26, no. 109 (April 2, 2022): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v26i109.5352.
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The mobile communication system has revolutionized human life and made the world a small village through communications and data transmission in the form of voice calls, messages or videos with very high download speeds. This paper discusses the different communication technologies for mobile phone generations, starting from the first generation of primitive to the second and third generation, in terms of mobile voice technologies, then the fourth generation as signs of rapid data download speed started, as the speed of connection to the fourth generation networks is ten times higher than the generation connection The third, which led to the improvement of data traffic in the communications network, the high mobility recipe for people who make calls, in addition to improving global system management and improving voice quality, then the great revolution in the fifth generation that is characterized by covering all geographical areas with an increase in the high-frequency spectrum, which is characterized at high frequencies starting from 6 GHz to 100 GHz, in addition to comparing all these generations through illustrative tables.
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Huang, Yuqi. "Research on the Development of Voice Assistants in the Era of Artificial Intelligence." SHS Web of Conferences 155 (2023): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315503019.
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Voice assistants have gradually occupied an important position in the products of many electronics companies. Artificial Intelligence voice assistants are able to interpret human speech and respond. Users can ask their assistant questions and manage other essential tasks such as email calendars through verbal commands. This paper analyzes the artificial intelligence voice assistant through the method of comparative analysis. The author studies the development situation of intelligent voice assistants, and compares the differences between Chinese and foreign voice assistants, and finally discusses the relationship between voice intelligent assistants and people’s lives. The author found that users in different countries have different functional preferences for using voice assistants, but they can help people’s work and life to a great extent. In other words, voice assistants play an important role in contemporary society. Therefore, people need to better understand the relationship between humans and machine
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Lin, Ming Huei. "Effects of Data-Driven Learning on College Students of Different Grammar Proficiencies: A Preliminary Empirical Assessment in EFL Classes." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211029936.
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This article reports a pre–post comparative study investigating whether the data-driven learning (DDL) approach has different pedagogical effects on grammar students of English as a foreign language (EFL) with different levels of English proficiency. The study entailed a treatment group (TG) of 95 first-year undergraduates who learned grammar using DDL and a control group (CG) of 84 students who received no grammar treatment. Most of the participants were 18 or 19 years old, with only a few outliers, aged 17 or 20. The grammar performance and learning attitudes in both groups (their motivation and self-efficacy) were quantitatively examined through grammar achievement tests and a questionnaire. The data obtained from the groups were then compared at three proficiency levels: high, intermediate, and low. The results of an analysis of covariance show that in grammar performance, the proficiency levels in all the TG students rose significantly and in the posttest they outperformed their counterparts in the CG. However, neither the members of the TG nor those of the CG made any statistically significant improvement in their learning attitudes; no significant differences were found between the groups at any proficiency level. The mixed findings make an important contribution to the field, confirming that DDL is pedagogically suitable for enhancing the linguistic knowledge of university-level grammar learners, regardless of their proficiency, but warning that practitioners who treat the development of learner attitudes (e.g., motivation and self-efficacy) as important should be cautious with this approach.
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Kovtun, Oksana. "Actual problems of contrastive grammar in the focus of pragmalinguistics." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 47, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2022.47.2.13.
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The term contrastive grammar is still ambiguous. In this paper we trace the unjustified synonymy of terms (confrontative grammar, comparative grammar, contrastive grammar) which lead to controversy among linguists and we attempt to introduce appropriate clarifications to explain the phenomenon. We can state that this linguistic direction is quite new, and its metalanguage is still in the process of development and formation. When studying contrastive grammar in the modern scientific functional-communicative paradigm, the focus of attention is directed to the issues of pragmalinguistics, that is the research, in addition to the actual meanings, of the semantics of linguistic units for designating objects of the environment, also the speech-thinking activity of speakers who use these units and listeners who interpret them; the possible situations of their application; the study of “language in context”; language research, taking into account the goal that is planned to be achieved in the communication process; the wide multidimensionality of the interpretation of the statement; the study of interactive means, taking into account grammatical meanings. The main category of pragmalinguistics is the category of evaluation, and therefore, the issue of contrastive grammar and contrastive description of languages is important to consider in the focus of the paradigm of the category of evaluation; in particular, this concerns the manifestation of each grammatical category.
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Duffourc, Mindy Nunez. "Filling Voice Promotion Gaps in Healthcare through a Comparative Analysis of Error Reporting and Learning Systems and Open Communication and Disclosure Policies in the United States and Germany." American Journal of Law & Medicine 44, no. 4 (November 2018): 579–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858818821137.
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Voice in healthcare is crucial because of its ability to improve organizational performance and prevent medical errors. This paper contends that a comparative analysis of voice promotion in the American and German healthcare industries can strengthen a culture of safety in both countries. It provides a brief introduction to the concept of voice in healthcare, including its impact on safety culture, barriers to voice, and the dual influences of confidentiality and transparency on voice promotion policies. It then examines the theoretical basis, practical workings, and legal aspects of voluntary error reporting and error disclosure as avenues for exercising voice in the U.S. and Germany. Finally, it identifies transferable practices that can remedy shortcomings in each country's voice promotion policy.
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Mustafa, Mustafa Raza, and Aryan Sdiq Aziz. "Passive voice in Kurdish language, The Structure and phenomena (Comparative Research)." Halabja University Journal 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10387.
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Investigation in linguistics particularly applied linguistics and dialectology require consideration and experience in other fields, like phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. If we want to study the dialects, sub dialects and their characteristics, we must deal with the component of language carefully. So, in this paper to find out and illustrate the data of the sub dialects of central Kurmanji, northern Kurmanji, Hawrami Sub dialect, the data of these three dialects, sub dialects in term of morphology and syntax then Morphosyntax component have been demonstrated. Subsequently, thru analyses the examples, the similar and difference points have been represented and discussed which the similar and difference points of morphology, syntax of dialect and sub dialects of Kurdish language illuminated.
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Choi, Hee-Jin, and Ji-Yeoun Lee. "Comparative Study between Healthy Young and Elderly Subjects: Higher-Order Statistical Parameters as Indices of Vocal Aging and Sex." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 6966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156966.
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The objective of this study was to test higher-order statistical (HOS) parameters for the classification of young and elderly voice signals and identify gender- and age-related differences through HOS analysis. This study was based on data from 116 subjects (58 females and 58 males) extracted from the Saarbruecken voice database. In the gender analysis, the same number of voice samples were analyzed for each sex. Further, we conducted experiments on the voices of elderly people using gender analysis. Finally, we reviewed the standards and reference models to reduce sex and gender bias. The acoustic parameters were extracted from young and elderly voice signals using Praat and a time–frequency analysis program (TF32). Additionally, we investigated the gender- and age-related differences in HOS parameters. Young and elderly voice signals significantly differed in normalized skewness (p = 0.005) in women and normalized kurtosis (p = 0.011) in men. Therefore, normalized skewness is a useful parameter for distinguishing between young and elderly female voices, and normalized kurtosis is essential for distinguishing between young and elderly male voices. We will continue to investigate parameters that represent important information in elderly voice signals.
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Gloriez, Pamela. "Communicative Language Teaching and Its Implementation in Online Learning: The Teachers’ Voice." Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v7i1.751.
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<p><em>Communicative Language Teaching has been popular as a pedagogical approach in teaching L2 that may help students gain communicative competence. This research aimed to investigate teachers' perceptions of CLT and its implementation in online learning. This research adopted a survey research design, and 30 teachers were involved as the participants. The participants were from junior high school and senior high school teachers in Tanjungpinang-Bintan and Batam. Two questionnaires were used as the instruments. The findings of this study revealed that teachers had a good understanding of the principle of CLT. But most of the teachers showed a misconception about not teaching grammar in CLT. In addition, the teachers also practiced CLT in online learning, and they believed CLT was appropriate and effective. They were also supported with sufficient platform media and the internet even though the instructional materials were insufficient. It shows that the teachers had positive perceptions towards the practice and implementation of CLT in online learning. The result can be used as a reflection for the government to provide adequate instructional media and teachers' training in CLT that may be beneficial for teaching in online learning.</em></p>
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Lyddon, Paul A. "An evaluation of an automated approach to concept-based grammar instruction." EuroCALL Review 20, no. 1 (March 22, 2012): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2012.16200.
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Acquiring sufficient linguistic proficiency to perform competently in academic and professional contexts generally requires substantial study time beyond what most language programs can offer in the classroom. As such, teachers and students alike would benefit considerably from high quality self-access materials promoting independent learning out of class when possible and, thus, allowing greater social interaction in class when necessary. The present study is a follow-up to Lyddon (in press), in which a concept-based approach to grammar instruction was adapted into a series of computerized modules. As the number of participants in the previous study was insufficient for meaningful statistical analyses of the learning outcomes, the current investigation redressed this shortcoming as well as responded to survey suggestions for several key changes to the pedagogical materials, including provision of more numerous training sentences, more highly elaborated feedback on exercises, and an immediate remediation option. As before, the purpose of the present study was to determine the viability of a computer-based conceptual approach to teaching English grammar. In a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design, 31 Japanese university English learners of English for Science and Engineering completed a series of self-paced, interactive online tutorials aimed at teaching the concept of grammatical voice. Gains were then measured in terms of improvement in post-treatment grammaticality judgments. While the findings showed the modules to be generally effective, they also suggest important differences in learner understanding of the use of animate vs. inanimate subjects. Thus, additional study will be needed to focus on this particular issue.
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Boyko, I. V. "CONSIDERATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN TEACHING RUSSIAN GRAMMAR TO MONGOLIANS." Siberian Philological Forum 16, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2021-16-4-89.
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Statement of the problem. Russian and Mongolian languages are unrelated, multi-structured, differing from each other in all linguistic aspects, first of all, in grammar. However, unfortunately, their systemic comparative description is still lacking. Besides, the Russian language which used to be compulsory for study as a foreign language in all educational institutions nowadays is studied only in the 7th-9th grades of comprehensive schools. All this negatively affects the Russian language teachers training, many of whom have linguistic and speech competencies insufficiently formed; therefore, in our opinion, the approach to teaching Russian grammar in the Mongolian audience should be improved. The purpose of the article is as follows: on the basis of the comparative characteristics of verbs, nouns and prepositions, to predict the most acute zones of interference in the construction of syntactic structures and to help avoid negative mutual influence. As a result, the main areas of interference are determined. This is, firstly, the structural mismatch of Russian one-piece sentences with their Mongolian equivalents and, secondly, syntactic models with determinants in general and with subject-object ones, in particular. Knowing this will allow the teacher, when planning, to devote more time to these structures, consistent continuous work with them, which ultimately will help the formation of linguistic and speech competence.
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Rutten, Gijsbert. "‘Lowthian’ Linguistics across the North Sea." Historiographia Linguistica 39, no. 1 (March 22, 2012): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.39.1.04rut.
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Summary This paper focuses on Dutch grammar-writing in the 18th century so as to put the linguistic works of Robert Lowth (1710–1787) in an international, comparative perspective. It demonstrates that certain characteristics of the “Lowthian” approach to grammar and of 18th-century English linguistics in general are parallelled by similar developments in the history of Dutch linguistics. The transition from normative grammar to prescriptive grammar which characterises the English late 18th century has a counterpart in the Dutch development from ‘civil’ to national grammar. Lowth’s recognition of different stylistic levels with corresponding levels of grammatical acceptability has a Dutch counterpart as well. The transition towards prescriptivism and the relevance of different stylistic levels are closely connected, which is exemplified by a case study on the treatment of adnominal inflection in 18th-century grammars of Dutch.
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Webb, A. L., P. N. Carding, I. J. Deary, K. MacKenzie, I. N. Steen, and J. A. Wilson. "Optimising outcome assessment of voice interventions, I: reliability and validity of three self-reported scales." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, no. 8 (March 29, 2007): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107007177.
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AbstractBackground:There is an increasing choice of voice outcome research tools, but good comparative data are lacking.Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of three voice-specific, self-reported scales.Design:Longitudinal, cohort comparison study.Setting:Two UK voice clinics: the Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, and the Glasgow Royal Infirmary.Participants:One hundred and eighty-one patients presenting with dysphonia.Main outcome measures:All patients completed the vocal performance questionnaire, the voice handicap index and the voice symptom scale. For comparison, each patient's voice was recorded and assessed perceptually using the grade–roughness–breathiness–aesthenia–strain scale. The reliability and validity of the three self-reported vocal performance measures were assessed in all subjects, while 50 completed the questionnaires again to assess repeatability.Results:The results of the 170 participants with completed data sets showed that all three questionnaires had high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81–0.95) and repeatability (voice handicap index = 0.83; vocal performance questionnaire = 0.75; voice symptom scale = 0.63). Concurrent and criterion validity were also good, although, of the grade–roughness–breathiness–aesthenia–strain subscales, roughness was the least well correlated with the self-reported measures.Conclusion:The vocal performance questionnaire, the voice handicap index and the voice symptom scale are all reliable and valid instruments for measuring the patient-perceived impact of a voice disorder.
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Hardiansyah, Muhammad Zudi. "Grammar Similarity: A Study of Comparative Linguistic in French and Spanish Bilingual Song." Metahumaniora 12, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v12i1.36818.
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Prancis dan Spanyol adalah bahasa Roman. Kedua Bahasa ini berasal dari bahasa Latin vulgar, membuatnya menjadi Bahasa saudara. Dikarenakan bahasa Prancis dan Spanyol adalah bahasa saudara, keduanya memiliki banyak kesamaan, termasuk di bidang tata bahasa, meskipun masing-masing pastilah mempunyai keunikannya sendiri. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menemukan, menganalisis, dan menjelaskan persamaan gramatikal yang ditemukan pada lagu-lagu bilingual Prancis dan Spanyol. Hal ini dapat memperkuat pembuktian jika kedua bahasa tersebut merupakan bahasa saudara dengan adanya kesamaan dari segi tata bahasa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik simak bebas cakap dan teknik lanjutan catat. Metode komparatif, tinjauan pustaka, dan elaborasi naratif merupakan teknik yang digunakan dalam analisis data.Kata kunci: Prancis, Spanyol, Gramatika, Persamaan
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Afsheen Hassan, Namra Ashraf, and Dr. Husnat Ahmed. "Semantic Significance of Indexicals in Syntax: A Comparative Study of English and Urdu Deixes." sjesr 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol5-iss3-2022(1-8).
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The aim of this paper was to find out the relationship between semantics and syntax through pragmatic analysis of indexicals used by Ex-Prime Minister Imran Khan in two of his purposively selected speeches; one in Urdu delivered on 23rd December, 2020 on the passing out ceremony of police officers and the other in English delivered on 27th September, 2019 in UNGA. The English speech has been analyzed using antconc software while the analysis of Urdu speech has been done manually. A quantitative analysis of the five kinds of deixes in both the speeches strengthened the research results of Samosir and Zainuddin (2013) by providing the proof of the fact that person deixis is the most dominant category of English deixes (45.5%) while spatial is the least dominant (5.1%). The analysis of Urdu speech revealed a similar pattern as the person deixis (51.9%) is the most frequent, spatial being the least (3.9%). The presence of all five kinds of deixes with a similar pattern of relative frequencies in both the languages have provided a useful data for the purpose of Parallel Grammar (ParGram) project (Butt et al., 1999) to find out parallel structures in the grammar of six languages out of which two have been analyzed in this paper.
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Yasin qızı Hüseynova, Səidə. "Comparative analysis of appearing problems on the grammar teaching process of a foreign language." SCIENTIFIC WORK 77, no. 4 (April 17, 2022): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/77/169-173.
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Xarici dillərin öyrənilməsi və araşdırılması dünya elm və mədəniyyətinin nailiyyətlərini əldə etmək və xalqlar arasında əlaqə yaratmaq üçün ən vacib vasitədir. Dil tədrisində hər hansı bir üsulu, metodikanı, yanaşmanı ən effektiv, ən yaxşı adlandırsaq, yanılmış olarıq. Çünki dil tədrisi özü individual prosesdir. Ona fərdi yanaşmaq, mövcud olan problemləri dərindən öyrənməklə həll etməyə çalışmaq lazımdır. Xarici dili öyrənərkən etdiyimiz səhvlər təəssüf ki, bəzi hallarda dilə olan marağımızın azalmasına gətirib çıxarır. Bu prosesə özünün mənfi təsirini göstərir. Şagirdlərin səhv etməkdən qorxmağının əsas səbəbi isə daha çox ətrafdakıların bu səhvə verdiyi reaksiyası olur. Səhvlərin düzəldilməsi özü də xarici dilin aktual problemlərinin tərkib hissəsidir. Fərdiliyi qorumaq şərtilə onlar üzərində işləmək və müəllim olaraq onların təkrarlanmaması üçün düzgün metodla yanaşmaq lazımdır. Dil cəhətdən çətin olan dərslik vasitələri və çalışmalar dili öyrənmək istəyənlərdə ilk dəfədən ruh düşkünlüyü yaradır. Nəticədə belə şagirdlərdə motivasiyanın bərpası çətinləşir, proses gözləniləndən daha uzunmüddətli olur . Açar sözlər: xarici dil, dil tədrisi, metodika, prinsiplər, qrammatika Saida Yasin Huseynova Comparative analysis of appearing problems on the grammar teaching process of a foreign language Abstract The study and research of foreign languages is the most important tool for obtaining achievements of world science and culture and establishing contacts between nations. It would be a mistake to call any method, methodology, approach the most effective or the best in language teaching. Because language teaching itself is an individual process. It is necessary to approach it individually, to try to solve existing problems through in-depth study. Mistakes we make when learning a foreign language, unfortunately, sometimes lead to a decrease in our interest in the language. This has a negative impact on the process. And the main reason why students are afraid of making mistakes is the reaction of others to this mistake. Correcting mistakes is itself an integral part of the current problems of the foreign language. It is necessary to work on them while preserving their individuality and approach them in the right way to make sure that they are not repeated as a teacher. Textbooks and exercises that are difficult in terms of language are frustrating for those who want to learn the language for the first time. As a result, it becomes difficult for such students to regain motivation, and the process takes longer than expected. Key words: foreign language, language teaching,methodology, principles, grammar
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Jain, Pooja, Neha R. Kasture, and Tapan Kumar. "Comparative Study of Speaker Recognition Techniques in IoT Devices for Text Independent Negative Recognition." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 21, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v21i3.1704.
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Speaker recognition (SR) or identification is the subset of broad area of Pattern recognition. Given the features of the voice print, the recognition system identifies the speaker from the knowledge of the speaker models stored in the database. In today’s world when many of our works are done through voice, recognition of the speaker is necessary.Recently, SR has also gained importance in Internet of Things (IoT) like setting up of smart environments for home, industries or educational and commercial applications. The race for high accuracy needs making the devices used in these smart environments as close to human hearing capacity as possible. Speaker identification is mostly used to establish negative recognition. Negative recognition is when thesystem decides whether a person is who he disagrees to be thus preventing a person from exploiting multiple identities. Only biometrics will be suitable to establish such identification. The feature extraction of voice sample along with comparative analysis of its methods is of fundamental interest in this paper. We try to compare the performance of features which are used in state of art speaker recognition models and analyse variants of Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) predominantly used in feature extraction which can be further incorporated and used in various smart devices.
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Soyegov, Myratgeldi. "Turkic Comparative Studies: Byashim Chariyarov." Ethnic Culture 4, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-103768.
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In this article, in a thesis order, issues related to a life full of events and fruitful research activities, as well as active scientific and organizational work of a prominent Turkmen comparative linguist, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Honored Scientist Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan Byashim Charyyarov, the 100th anniversary of which is widely and solemnly celebrated by the scientific community of the country in the current year 2022. The article provides some important details and significant details from his life. One of the main areas of scientific activity of B. Charyyarov is a systematic description of the facts of the modern Turkmen literary language. He is one of the leading authors and executive editors of the «Grammar of the Turkmen language», which consists of two parts: «Phonetics and morphology» (1970) and «Syntax of a phrase and a simple sentence» (1977). Under the leadership and with the participation of B. Charyyarov, more than ten collections devoted to various issues of the culture of speech of the Turkmen literary language were published. He is one of the compilers and executive editors of the «Russian-Turkmen Dictionary», published first in 1956, and then in two volumes – in 1986 and 1987.
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Steen, I. N., K. MacKenzie, P. N. Carding, A. Webb, I. J. Deary, and J. A. Wilson. "Optimising outcome assessment of voice interventions, II: sensitivity to change of self-reported and observer-rated measures." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, no. 1 (May 14, 2007): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107007839.
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AbstractObjectives:A wide range of well validated instruments is now available to assess voice quality and voice-related quality of life, but comparative studies of the responsiveness to change of these measures are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the responsiveness to change of a range of different measures, following voice therapy and surgery.Design:Longitudinal, cohort comparison study.Setting:Two UK voice clinics.Participants:One hundred and forty-four patients referred for treatment of benign voice disorders, 90 undergoing voice therapy and 54 undergoing laryngeal microsurgery.Main outcome measures:Three measures of self-reported voice quality (the vocal performance questionnaire, the voice handicap index and the voice symptom scale), plus the short form 36 (SF 36) general health status measure and the hospital anxiety and depression score. Perceptual, observer-rated analysis of voice quality was performed using the grade–roughness–breathiness–asthenia–strain scale. We compared the effect sizes (i.e. responsiveness to change) of the principal subscales of all measures before and after voice therapy or phonosurgery.Results:All three self-reported voice measures had large effect sizes following either voice therapy or surgery. Outcomes were similar in both treatment groups. The effect sizes for the observer-rated grade–roughness–breathiness–asthenia–strain scale scores were smaller, although still moderate. The roughness subscale in particular showed little change after therapy or surgery. Only small effects were observed in general health and mood measures.Conclusion:The results suggest that the use of a voice-specific questionnaire is essential for assessing the effectiveness of voice interventions. All three self-reported measures tested were capable of detecting change, and scores were highly correlated. On the basis of this evaluation of different measures' sensitivities to change, there is no strong evidence to favour either the vocal performance questionnaire, the voice handicap index or the voice symptom scale.
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ZADORIZHNA, Natalia. "Synthetic speech prosody of digital assistents and their functions in the modern world." EUROPEAN HUMANITIES STUDIES: State and Society, no. 3(II) (September 30, 2020): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.38014/ehs-ss.2020.3-2.08.
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The article is devoted to the speech prosody analysis of digital assistants and their functions in the modern world. Peculiarities of their functioning in different spheres, in particular in educational, are considered and as well as tasks which they perform. Synthetic speech prosody is investigated on the example of voice assistants which speak in a female, male and genderless voice. Characteristics of melody (melodic scales and terminal tones), FF and intensity range, tempo and pause features, voice quality were taken into account. In the course of comparative study some identical and distinctive features of assistants’ speech were singled out. The results of the experiment demonstrate variability of prosodic parameters, used by digital assistants. Voice differentiation and different degrees of expressiveness depend on the sphere of application, users’ preferences and communication context.
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Jain, Anjali, and Pooja Bhati. "Comparative Analysis and Development of Voice-based Chatbot System for Differently-abled." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2273, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2273/1/012003.
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Abstract One technology that improved humans’ lifestyle is a Chatbot System, an AI-based system that conducts people’s conversations. Chatbots are used in a wide range of applications-assistive technologies, customer service, home automation, education, medical bots, entertainment, etc. Such technology could be beneficial to differently-abled for teaching, assistance, etc. But when it comes to people with a slight speech disorder or autism, available chatbot systems aren’t very effective. This paper investigates the existing speech recognition APIs based on WER and CER and tries to improve results by adding a personalized layer for the user. This chatbot system can be embedded with existing technologies-domestic robots, smart mirrors, home automation, medical applications, etc. It will open these technologies to a wide range of audiences. The proposed Chatbot will use the existing speech recognition API and improve the results based on the above performance measures.
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Jain, Anjali, and Pooja Bhati. "Comparative Analysis and Development of Voice-based Chatbot System for Differently-abled." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2273, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2273/1/012003.
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Abstract One technology that improved humans’ lifestyle is a Chatbot System, an AI-based system that conducts people’s conversations. Chatbots are used in a wide range of applications-assistive technologies, customer service, home automation, education, medical bots, entertainment, etc. Such technology could be beneficial to differently-abled for teaching, assistance, etc. But when it comes to people with a slight speech disorder or autism, available chatbot systems aren’t very effective. This paper investigates the existing speech recognition APIs based on WER and CER and tries to improve results by adding a personalized layer for the user. This chatbot system can be embedded with existing technologies-domestic robots, smart mirrors, home automation, medical applications, etc. It will open these technologies to a wide range of audiences. The proposed Chatbot will use the existing speech recognition API and improve the results based on the above performance measures.
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Wang, Yunhong, and Gao Zhang. "Translation of Narrative Voice and Reproduction of a Simulated Storytelling Mode." SAGE Open 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 215824402110603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211060349.
Full textAbstract:
Chinese vernacular fiction is characterized by a simulated storytelling mode through which the narrator manipulates narration and facilitates interaction with the reader. There is little research on the representation of this distinctive Chinese narrative mode across languages and cultures. Recently scholars in translation studies have begun to focus on how different types and levels of voice are represented in translated texts. The present article investigates how the overt voice of the simulated storyteller characterizing the Chinese vernacular narrative style is represented in three complete English translations of a Chinese classic entitled Shuihu Zhuan. The article includes a comparative study of how the storyteller-narrator manifests his narrative voice through storytelling formulae and rhetorical narratorial questions and more importantly, on how the storyteller-narrator’s voice has been rendered by different translators. Besides, by relating the reproduction of narrative voice to translatorship, it shows that the professional role and status of each translator influence their strategy-making as to whether, and to what extent, the narrative voice of the source text should be reconstructed.
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Ma'shumah, Nadia Khumairo, Isra F. Sianipar, and Cynthia Yanda Salsabila. "Google Translate Performance in Translating English Passive Voice into Indonesian." PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v13i2.1292.
Full textAbstract:
A scant number of Google Translate users and researchers continue to be skeptical of the current Google Translate's performance as a machine translation tool. As English passive voice translation often brings problems, especially when translated into Indonesian which rich of affixes, this study works to analyze the way Google Translate (MT) translates English passive voice into Indonesian and to investigate whether Google Translate (MT) can do modulation. The data in this research were in the form of clauses and sentences with passive voice taken from corpus data. It included 497 news articles from the online news platform ‘GlobalVoices,' which were processed with AntConc 3.5.8 software. The data in this research were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to achieve broad objectives, depth of understanding, and the corroboration. Meanwhile, the comparative methods were used to analyze both source and target texts. Through the cautious process of collecting and analyzing the data, the results showed that (1) GT (via NMT) was able to translate the English passive voice by distinguishing morphological changes in Indonesian passive voice (2) GT was able to modulate English passive voice into Indonesian base verbs and Indonesian active voice.
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Alshammari, Shahd. "Life Writing by Kuwaiti Women: Voice and Agency." IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies 7, no. 1 (September 16, 2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijcs.7.1.04.
Full textAbstract:
Life narratives are rare in the Gulf region due to many issues. Kuwait women’s writing about their lives, bodies, illnesses, and disabilities is almost unheard of. This article considers two texts by contemporary Kuwaiti women and situates their illness narratives within Kuwait’s social context. By writing about their illness and disability, the authors re-claim their voice and agency, writing their silenced bodies as Helene Cixous urges women to write through Écriture feminine. This article examines two texts from a comparative perspective, highlighting themes of disability, mental illness, and healing through writing.