Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grammaire comparée – Norvégien (langue)'
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Barsalini, Luca. "Analyse des erreurs par approche contrastive d’un corpus de productions écrites franco-norvégiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL101.
Full textThis work is designed as an error analysis and is organized into two parts. In the first part, we make a defence of error analysis and contrastive grammar as teaching tools. In the second part, we proceed to the analysis of a corpus of errors. Although we originally aimed at comparing the errors produced by Francophone learners of the Norwegian language to those produced by Norwegian learners of French, we could not achieve this goal. Consequently, we conducted an error analysis of errors produced by Norwegian learners of French and by non-Francophone learners of the Norwegian language. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches have been adopted. The analysis has been consistently conducted from a contrastive perspective of the French and Norwegian languages. During our study, we analysed the phenomenon of interlinguistic interference, and the challenges related to learning the target language in the two populations of learners. We focused simultaneously on both the heuristic and the pedagogic aspects related to the teaching and the learning processes. The quantitative analysis provides an overview of the domains of grammar in the two languages most affected by errors. These results make it possible to conceive new teaching strategies aimed at promoting better integration of the target language's structures
Chinkarouk, Oleg. "Système verbal et aspect en ukrainien, en russe et en français : étude contrastive." Grenoble 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39033.
Full textAlthough the verbal systels of french and slavic languages are structured quite differently, they are both based on the category of aspect. A comparison of the verbal systems of the ukrainian and russian with that of french is both possible and necessary, especially within a teaching perspective. Such a comparison must however be founded on the general theoretical principles provided by grammatical metalanguage. Aspectual values - i. E. The non-complete, perfect and aoristic - provide us with netalinguistic notions which coer be used to describe french, ukrainian and russian. In french, the grammatical category of aspect manifests itself in the opposition between simple and compound verbal forms. In slavic languages, on the other hand, aspect constitutes a lexicogrammatical category. The opposition between perfective and imperfective aspect is also an opposition between two distinct verbs
Essien, Margaret M. "Etude de quelques opérateurs de la grammaire ibibio en contraste avec l'anglais et le français." Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030159.
Full textOur study aims at singling out some major principles underlying the functioning of the nominal and verbal systems of ibibio, english and french, with a view to contributing to scholarship in the area of foreign language teaching, and elaborating general language theories. For this purpose, our study is carried out within the framework of the metaoperational theory put forward by professor henri adamczewski. In the first chapter, we present the ibibio language; its sociolinguistic context, its speakers, its phonology and its morphosyntax, and we lay emphasis on features that distinguish it from english and french. The second chapter deals with the nominal group, particularly with the formation of nouns and with their actual use in discourse by means of determinants (keet, mfn, ami, ako, and ado) and quantifiers (mme, afit, uwak, and ubaak). Similar operations in english and french are also examined. The pronoun is also examined in this chapter and differences between the languages in this domain pointed out. The third chapter considers the verbal group. The elements of this group team up with the verb to a predicative relation. In this sphere, ibibio distinguishes itself from english and french by the fact that some of tis predicative elements are tonal in nature. In conclusion, it would appear that a better understanding of the functioning of ibibio is a requirement for the effective learning of french and other languages by speakers of ibibio
Sédiri, Ammar. "Temps, aspect-phase et modalisation en anglais et en arabe : analyse contrastive métaopérationnelle." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030117.
Full textThis thesis is a metaoperational approach to tense, aspect and modality in arabic and english through an application of the theory of phases to english and arabic verbal systems concerning these issues. The first chapter introduces both the language and the model of analysis of the arabic verbal system. Then a comparison with english is conducted in the third chapter. The fourth chapter deals with english and arabic utterances with an auxiliary component. The final chapter concerns modalization : a contrastive analysis of some english and arabic modal operators. The aim of the metaoperational grammar is to bring to light the systematic workinf og particular tonguesand the universals of human language
Santin-Guettier, Anne-Marie. "Etude contrastive de quelques operateurs d'iteration." Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA03A123.
Full textThe chief iterators analysed in this research work are "again", "encore", "deja", "always", "toujours", "jamais", and particularly the operator "ever". Within the scope of the metaoperational theory, our goal is to explain the linguistic phenomena observed in contemporary english and french. Three centres of interest are prominent : the operational weight inherent in each iterator, the workings of each iterator in context, as well as the sense effects arising from the combination of those two factors
Duval, Marc. "Le problème de l'interrogation indirecte totale d'après ses marques (en français, anglais et coréen) : étude contrastive et typologique." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040213.
Full textThis thesis deals mainly with morphemes involved in French, English and Korean yes-no indirect questions. The perspective adopted here links the study of grammatical morphemes with that of other linguistic marks, such as prosodic features, the absence or presence of this or that lexical material and its sub-categorization, and the rhetorical/pragmatic competence displayed in the syntax of interrogation. In order to go beyond the purely syntactic problematic of clause embedding, I refer to works of pragmatic and enunciative obedience, dealing with speech acts and reformulation of what are claimed to be actual quotations. Truth is considered to be a core issue. It is proposed that morphemes used in indirect questions are modal operators staging truth and its guarantors in a way similar to the way predicates stage an action and its participants. Hence, I develop the notion of véridicteur, defined as every "actor responsible for the truth of a given proposition". Emphasis will be laid on the diversity of such actors, and on some common characteristics they share with thematic roles alloted by a predicate to its arguments. In particular, véridicteurs are supposed to be hierarchically ordered, and may be subject to promotion or demotion
Lee-Kim, Hae-Ran. "Etude de l'apprentissage du système pronominal français par des locuteurs de langue coréenne." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10089.
Full textThis study is an example of conjunction of an interlinguistic comparison and analysis of errors. The contrastive analysis of the expression of five categories which appear in pronouns (the person, the number, the gender, the animacy and the function) confirms that grammatical categorisation does not always square with semantic categorisation in a same language and they don't square one with another in two languages such as french and korean. Error analysis shows that the difficulties in learning french pronouns by korean people concern, for the most part, the general notional categories, essential composants of communication. The practice of french pronouns by koreans is a grammatical process, progressive and so different from that in the maternal language, of certain pragmatic intentions (designate or repeat) in the target language. It is in this point of view that we envisage the reexploration of the conclusions of the contrastive analysis and the error analysis and that we redefine the nature of the pedagogic intervention in the practive of french pronouns
Schnitzer, Nathalie. "Le jeu de l'argumentation en allemand et en francais." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040165.
Full textSoyoye, Festus Ayodeji. "Etude contrastive des systèmes verbaux du Yoruba et du Français." Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030027.
Full textThe contrastive analysis proper is preceeded by the basic principles and the linguistic and contrastive theoretical presuppositions as well as a socio-linguistic presentation of the two linguistic communities we take as verb, any element which expresses an action and at the same time, can play the role of predicate in a simple sentence. Unlike that of french, the yoruba verb has a simple morphological structure that can be represented as cv (cv). As the description of a grammatical category can not be complete without talking about the morphemes with which it has special semantic and syntactic affinities, chapters 2 and 3 deal with the relationships between the verbs of the two languages and the categories of aspect and tense as well as the marks gender and persons. Apart from the universal function of predicate, the yoruba verb as well as that of french, can fill adjectival as well as nominal functions in sentences. The most important difference between the verbs of the two languages, as far as syntactic roles are concerned, lies in the fact that the yoruba verb can play prepositionnal as well as deictic roles as found in serial verb constructions
Safa, Parivash. "L' expression de l'inchoativité en français et en persan." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1022.
Full textNita, Raluca. "Discours rapporté, repérages et organisation textuelle : étude contrastive anglais-français-roumain." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5021.
Full textGiancarli, Pierre-Don. "Étude comparative de la construction de référence en français et en anglais chez de jeunes sujets en milieu bilingue." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070005.
Full textThe study of the corpora of 25 children (among whom one of the author's soms) born of mixed couples and living in a french-english bilingual environment in france or in england shows that these subjects possess two languages but three linguistic systems : two specific systems (french and english) and one system stemming from the intersection of the french and english systems (central system). The latter consists of the common organizing principles extracted from the two languages. This implies that our subjects can from a very early age distinguish between what is is not specific to each of their languages. Language contacts (transferences) nevertheless do occur, as a result of simultaneous or consecutive implementation of the two specific system, because transferences can be voluntary. Involuntary transferences (i. E. Interferences, borrowings, and switchings on grammatical morphemes) are taken into account as signs of dominance, which derives from the influence of the language of the environment. Voluntary transferences, more numerous as these children grow older, are exploited as signs of a high proficiency in the two languages (capacity to influence interpersonal relationships, to discriminate between narrative modes. . . ). The sequences (in particular the erroneous ones) produced by the group studied which also occur in the corpora of french or english unilinguals are explained not in terms of bilingual transferences (even though they may seem to be so) but in terms of an implementation of the central system. The fact that the principles of the bilingual's central system can also account for the outputs, also analysed, of french or english unilingual children (not to mention other languages, whether they be related to french and english or not) strongly suggests that the possible existence of linguistic universals should be senously taken into consideration
Lagoutte, François. "La distribution des quantifieurs de l'anglais et du français : différences et similitudes." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080653.
Full textThe framework of this thesis is that of chomsky's generative and transformational grammar (ggt). The aim of this thesis is to provide an account of the distribution of quantifying elements or quantifiers in english and french on the basis of syntactic phenomena observed in both languages. This comparative study sets out a certain number of similarities and differences. In the framework presented here, we provide an explanation as to why quantifiers display similar or different behaviour. In many cases, it seems that the differences between french and english can be reduced to differences of categorial membership and to selectional properties. So, it is very likely that on the whole in english and french the syntactic rules governing the distribution of qantifiers are identical. Thus, there exist a number of distributional phenomena, such as "quantifier floating", which are common to both languages. Other phenomena are language-specific, e. G. In french the so-called "quantification at a distance". All these phenomena, usually left aside by traditional grammars, are dealt with in this thesis
Kozlowska-Heuchin, Renata. "Etude comparée des connecteurs en français et en polonais." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131007.
Full textThe subject of this research work is the analysis of clauses of aim, cause, consequence and condition in french and polish, in view to computer assisted translation. Our theoretical framework is that of grammar-lexis. This study differs from the usual grammatical analyses. Here, the complexe sentence is studied on the model of the simple sentence, defined as an operator accompanied by its arguments. The conjunctive phrase is the starting point for this investigation, and it is then shown that the noun around which it is formed, is of predicative type and has the main clause and the subordinate as arguments. This predicate, said to be "of second order", can take other morphological forms : verb, adjective, adverb. Automatic processing requires extremely accurate notation of syntactic and semantic properties if ambiguity and polysemy are to be correctly handled. Those descriptions based on syntacticosemantic features are insufficient, which is why the concept of "class of objects" is brought in. This makes it possible to account for the complexity and the richness of the phenomenon of connectors : there are as many types of relations as there are semantic types of predicate. This is the reason that a semantic typology of predicates is sketched out, integrating lexical, syntactic and semantic components. It is shown that each semantic type can have its own appropriate lexical means of expression and specific syntactic behaviour
Pham, Thi Thu Hang. "L'expression du temps en français et en vietnamien : essai d'analyse contrastive et didactologique." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL300.
Full textThe notion of time and tenses have an omnipresent dimension in human perception and activity. As for the linguist, the so-called + linguistic ; time is different from the physical time which can be measured, and from the chronical time which is divided up in a classification of arbitrary units. Each language elaborates specific forms to represent time and tenses, which can be more or less assimilated, incorporated into their grammar, and essentially or not represented in speakers' utterances. Those forms constitute the temporal linguistic systems of different languages there are various differences between French and Vietnamese in the way time and tenses are expressed; it makes the learning of the french temporal system difficult to Vietnamese students. Is this the only reason why they remain confused when using time and tenses, which actually prevent them from acquiring the temporal oppositions when reading or writing a text? What measures should be taken to remedy such a situation? Where do teaching methods stand in this question?
Ghio, Gilbert. ""can and may" les modaux du possible en anglais contemporain." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE2027.
Full textStarting from the well-known epistemic may and radical can the thesis puts forward another modal value, the "non-impossible" and shows that it is linked to specific syntactic co-occurrence patterns. Written within the framework of a. Culioli's "theorie des operations enonciatives" it highlights the fundamental difference between the two modals which is to be found again with the epistemic and deontic modalities. The thesis also puts forward the idea of an appreciative value of can and may
Nguepi, George Victor. "Etude comparée du système morphosyntaxique du français et de l'espagnol." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL015.
Full textOur approach is based on a simple principle according to which linguistics as a science of language is an enveloping process founded on the permanent questioning of the acquirements. Questioning motivated on one hand by the limited and relative different linguistic models relevance through the confrontation of the different tendencies that constitue them, and on the other hand by the multiplicity of approaches in the teaching of french and/or spanish grammar, both in the onomasiologic and semasiologic viewpoints. Even though our approach lays emphasis on the synchronic aspect of the language, it is obvious that it cannot exclude the diachronic aspect from its domain of action, considering its importance as regards to the historic evolution of language, constantly interrogated during language teaching. It is therefore about an analysis based on some specific components of language, notably morphological, syntaxical, semantic, lexical, phonetic and phonological aspects, for it's true that traditionally, these components as regards to the grammar are supposed to correspond to many components in language. Our methodology aims at analysing every domain concerned by the similarities, ambivalences and sometimes ambiguities of some structures in french and/or in spanish, having in mind the wish to see these too scientific grammars converted into more pedagogical ones
El, Kassas Dina. "Une étude contrastive de l'arabe et du français dans une perspective de génération multilingue." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070034.
Full textThe present PhD research was conducted in a dependancy grammar framework : the Meaning-Text theory. Its objective is twofold. First of all, it is meant to accomplish a syntactic analysis of Arabie. The theory we put forward is that the syntactic head of declarative sentences in Arabis is systematically the verb. The active valency of the verb in Arabie is studied in order to establish a library of syntactic functions for Arabie. We start by identifying typical predicative units, the gramamticalization of which surpasses the simple juxtaposition of propositions, and consider the analytical verb forms as well. We then propose a topological model dealing with the liearisation of dependency syntactical structures. Secondly, a contrastive study of syntactic structures in Arabie and their French equivalents in undertaken, with a view to making them converge on a more abstract level. We point out the extent to which lexical choices and the underlying logics of the language influence the information représentation, which makes multilingual approaches based on pivot language seem utopie
Makino, Yuji. "L'emploi des prépositions en français devant des substantifs se rapportant au lieu, étude comparative avec les particules fonctionnelles (joshi) du japonais." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030017.
Full textThe present study is composed of 6 chpters : the first 3 are devoted to the examination of the local sense of french prepositions before the substantives concerning the place. We limite the analysis object of this work to 154 basic substantives meaning rooms, buildings, public establishments, nature's parts, ways and administrative divisions. The system of prepositions is traongly influenced by the determiner's category and the addition of the attributive adjective or prepositional complement that can enforce a or en against dans. However, the substantive in question is the most important factor and restrict utilized preposition(s). When several prepositions are possible, we must make much of the meaning of predicate. We indicate the percentage of earch preposition : dans 46. 5, a 29. 9, sur 13. 0, en 6. 4, par 2. 3, sous 1. 1, etc. . . In the chapters 4 and 5, our analysis gets on to the japanese "joshi" (postposition, fonctional particle). The case postpositions wo, ni, e, de signify respectively : wo - place of passage, ni - place of existence, ni. E - direction, point of arrival. De - place of action, spatial frame. The relational postposition wa is used for thematise the the place in question and for specify the relation theme - rheme : the utterance strategy of the japanese speaker consists in developing his argument skillfully with the combination of the known (theme) and the unknown (rheme). In the lastchapter, we compare the two systems in three aspects
Stulic, Ana. "La grammaire de "loke" et "siendo (ke)" en judéo-espagnol des Balkans." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30082.
Full textIn Balkan Judeo-Spanish the forms loke and siendo (ke) have grammatical functions that related linguistic structures in peninsular Spanish (gerondive of the verb ser ; nominalised relative clause marked for neuter gender introduced by lo que) don’t have. Siendo (ke) is an adverbial subordinator for cause, while loke functions as an interrogative pronoun and as a subordinating element. Based on the Judeo-Spanish diachronic corpus that covers the period between 1550 and 1935, the thesis describes the usage of these forms in modern period (last decades of 19th and first decades of 20th century), as well as their emerging and evolution in time. The diachronic analysis reveals the relationship between the new grammatical functions of loke and siendo (ke) and the pragmatic and semantic meaning of complex structures to which these forms are associated at discourse level. The grammaticalisation processes that can de identified according to the usage of these two forms in Judeo-Spanish at different periods seem to be conditioned in many ways by the existent linguistic structures (the constructions to which the interrogative pronoun qué and the subordinator que belong in the case of loke ; other adverbial subordinate clauses in the case of siendo (ke)). Within this perspective, the results of the analysis suggest that the analogy plays an important role in the lexicalisation of new grammatical units, and by this way, in the renewal of complex linguistic units components, as it is the case with subordinate clauses and interrogative constructions in Judeo-Spanish
Bazara, Azmi. "Description et interprétation de la construction N°hum (E + être) adj (avec + mac a) N1hum en français et en arabe." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1009.
Full textDeliktasli-Tahir, Nesrin. "Etude comparative des participes en turc et en français." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030118.
Full textThe research that we present concerns the characteristics of the turkish language writen and oral confronted with the french writen and oral from the analysis of participles with the turkish ones and their equivalents in french. The participle in turkish has six suffixes that are added to the root of the verb (v -(y)en, v- dik, v-mis, v-(y)ecek, v-(y)esi, v-r). It has an adjectival use : it is then invariably, no other suffix comes to attach to the suffix of participle, and it is placed in frontof the name that it determines. It has also a nominal use : it is then endowed with suffixes peculiar to the name (marks of case, possessive suffixes) or the mark of plural -ler, (-lar), and it is placed in front of the group built by the main verb placed at the end of the utterance. It has finally a predicative use : it is then placed in frontof the marker of existential predicate(var/yok). The +anteposition; of the turkish participle is true to the typological order of this agglutinating language [determiner + determinatum]. The participle in french has not a so great regularity as the participle in turkish. It is advisable indeed to distinguish the present participle, characterized by the suffix "-ant", that retains its verb status (actantial construction, modalisation by an adverb), that is invariable, and that has a relative autonomy in the utterance. In case it determines a name, it is necessarily placed after this name, according to the typological order of french [determinatum + determiner]. Our study has considered also the problem of intonatives variations of the participles. This analysis of utterances producted in natural situations shows that the intonative level of participles in turkish takes place in general between the level h2-h3. We have examined successively the intonative characteristics of the present participle in -(y)en then of the passed participle in -dik and in -mi@ and finally of the future participle in -(y)ecek. The analysis and hypothesises that we have presented take into account of the intonative recurrent facts in two corpus collect. The intonative analysis of participles show three different cases : either the participle has a rising intonative curve in relation to the n that follows it, or the participle has a descending intonative curve in relation to the n or else the both have flat intonative curves
Bramati, Alberto Giordano. "Les compléments prépositionnels des verbes français et italiens : problèmes théoriques et études contrastives." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10013.
Full textTchoue, Joon-Soo. "La réalisation syntaxique des dépendances lexicales en coréen : stratégie configurationnelle et stratégie non-figurationnelle." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081319.
Full textThe object of this dissertation is to study the syntactic realization mode of the selectional properties of a predicate in korean and in other languages. Two complementary strategies can be distingused by the parameter on the strength of predicate : the configurational strategy and the non-configurational strategy. The configurational strategy is already characterized in a precise way in principles and parameters. It is expressed in general by the two independant principles ; the projection principle and the th-criterion. So, in a configurational language, a category like dp or pp represents, in syntax, arguments and adjuncts of a predicate. We think the predicate is weak in a configurational language. The weak predicate discharges its thematic roles on the categories introduced by the operation merge. The category introduced in this way and the predicate must construct a certain structure in accordance with the projection principles and the th-criterion. The predicate is strong in a non-configurational language. Thematic roles will be discharged in the interior of a predicate. So, a categorial projection like dp is not necessary nor obligatory to represent the selectional properties of a predicate. The non- predicative category is not an argument and do not construct any configurational structure with a predicate, which is summoned by the thematic role assignment. The predicate is strong in korean
Ditcheva-Nikolova, Malinka. "La double justification - sémantique et prosodique - de la place de l'adjectif épithète. Le cas du français et du bulgare." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070073.
Full textThe model called bipolar provides a general principle to explain not only the position, in modern French, of an attributive adjective with respect to the noun which it modifies, but also the arrangement of several adjectives inside the noun phrase, with the result that its interest extend to any language, like Bulgarian, where the anteposition is constant. This model lends itself to graphic representation, as well as to analytical statement. Its justification lies in the fact that a subtle linguistic competence on the matter is easily gained not only by the native speakers, but also by Bulgarian students of French. As for the traditional grammatical rules that describe the distributional properties of French attributive adjectives, one is, sometimes, faced with a situation where "the lever is heavier than the burden". The model functions for a rather high number of adjectives pertaining to various semantic classes. It allows, for example, to determine the order, in relation with the node lines, of two adjectives (for example, "important" and "économique") in a noun phrase, from a relative evaluation of the ratio situational value vs. Referential value for each adjective. .
Rebotier, Aude. "Les Temps verbaux en allemand et en français et les phénomènes aspectuels : comparaison de deux systèmes." Grenoble 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE39039.
Full textKANG, OK KYUNG. "Anaphore et honorificite en coreen moderne." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081629.
Full textDambre, Denis. "Linguistique contrastive : du mooré à l'allemand : Recherche en vue d'une didactique de l'allemand au Burkina Faso." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040035.
Full textIn a didactic perspective this essay attempts to clarify the linguistic knowledge of moore-speaking students from Burkina Faso when they start learning German as a second foreign language and a parallel is drawn between that substratum and the data of the language they are to acquire. This study is concerned with phonetics and enunciation; however it also gives an overall presentation of the languages and the linguistic politics of Burkina Faso and initiates a reflection about German learning, its final goal
Akuetey, César. "Étude des énoncés équatifs, locatifs et possessifs en éwé : problemes du verbe «être»." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA1010.
Full textRen, Xiaobo. "Syntaxe diachronique et synchronique des constructions passives en chinois : essai de comparaison avec les formes passives du français." Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030139.
Full textIn today's chinese, the common passive form is the following : "(np1) + bei (+ np2-agent) + v (+c)". This structure can already be found in medieval chinese (8th century a. D. ), but it only became the most current passive form in modern chinese, around the 14th and 15th centuries. In archaic chinese and in medieval chinese, other constructions with other marks than bei were used to express the passive form. They were essentially : i. E. Yu, wei. . . Suo and jian. Various constraints on the passive forms regarding syntax, semantics and communication as well, explain why all the active forms may not always have an exact corresponding passive form and why some passive forms are sometimes more natural than their corresponding active forms. The differences that arise between the chinese language and the french language, emphasize the fact that some passive forms in one language are adequately rendered by active forms in the other language, thus a choice has to be made between syntaxic, semantic and communicative levels
Ben, Gharbia Abdeljabbar. "La sémantique de la coordination." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20101.
Full textIn this work, we have explored the treatments applied to coordination in different grammars and modern linguistic theories, with the purpose of determining the entities that can be coordinated and putting forward a meaning for the prototypical conjunctive connector of the french and arab languages. We have shown the limits of traditional grammars and the inappropriate nature of the modular approach. The autonomy of syntax, the traditional structure of constituents and the traditional system of categorization have neither enabled the generative grammar and other postchomskian formalisms to perceive the nature of the similarity of the conjuncts required by the principle of coordination itself, nor permitted to account for all coordinate structures. We retained a non-modular approach and adopted the conceptual categorization which is defended by langacker in his cognitive grammar, with a few modifications. Moreover, we have chosen another structure of constituents, which seems to be more appropriate. On the basis of these choices, we have shown that the coordinate conjuncts should be structurally equivalent and semantically linkable, and that their similarity mainly comes from the mode of conceptual organization. These choices and the numerous examples we analysed lead us to put forward "the simultaneous validation of the conceptual entities" as the only meaning of the prototypical conjunctive connector, and to bring to the fore the fact that the connector of coordination composes with the conjuncts and with all the constituents of utterance to build a signification
Lê, Thi Xuyên. "Etude contrastive de l'intonation expressive en français et en vietnamien." Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030013.
Full textIn this study our aim has been to compare psychological and expressive intonation in french and vietnamese. In general the selected attitudes have been correctly identified in both languages: the french and vietnamese hearers are quite able to distinguish a large number of expressive intonations in their respective languages without context or situation. In french the fo value and the contour of the last syllable plays a more important role than any other parameter for the perception of attitudes. In vietnamese the recognition of attitudes improves if at least one syllable is particularly stressed; this makes it possible to say that it is rather intensity and duration which are the pertinent parameters
Vassiliadou, Hélène. "Les Connecteurs "c'est-à-dire (que)" en français et "dèladè" en grec : analyse syntaxique et sémantico-pragmatique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20069.
Full textKaneko, Makoto. "Syntaxe et sémantique du jugement thétique : étude contrastive de la construction GA du japonais et de la construction Pseudo-Relative du français." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082056.
Full textMiladi, Lidia. "Etude transformationnelle des verbes à complétive du polonais : comparaison avec le français." Grenoble 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE39006.
Full textThis thesis is a systematic and exhaustive analysis of the substantive Polish structures (compared with the French language), as part of the "lexique-grammaire" model developped by M. Gross and his team at LADL. The application of M. Gross' method has permitted the classing of nearly 2100 substantive Polish verbs into 17 syntactical-semantic classes. Where only one subordinating conjunction (que) exists in French, with a differentiation on the substantive mood (indicative / subjunctive), two distinct forms of the subordinating conjunctions ze and zeby1 are observable in Polish. The Polish substantives are introduced either by to1 or by the sequence : Prép+to1. In addition, 16 prepositions (of various meanings) are able to introduce a complementary substantive (or infinitive) in Polish where as only two prepositions à and de introduce the substantive or prepositional infinitives in French. To1 - initiator of a substantive in Polish, belongs to the subordinating conjunction ze or zeby1. It is grammatisized and so has no autonomous value. It can be deleted without changing the meaning of the phrase. If it is used before the substantive, it forms a preliminary condition for several transformations (open to be applied in these constructions). Furthermore another morpheme exists : to. To2 is a deictic pronoun which serves on the one hand to pronominalise the substantives ( or the infinitives) and on the other hand when placed at the beginning of a phrase, it emphasizes the substantives and the infinitives. A correlation between to1 et to2 is noticeable : to1 originates from to2. Only 381 verbs allow a reduction from the substantive to the corrresponding infinitive. The presence of the infinitive marker of the from zeby2 is observable in the infinitive constructions
Nyéki, Lajos. "Linguistique hongroise et linguistique generale. (problematique d'une description des structures morpho-syntaxiques de base du hongrois contemporain dans une perspective contrastive francais hongrois)." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030034.
Full textThis thesis actually deals with two problem patterns : a description of hungarian and general linguistics. After defining the criterion and parameters of a scientific description, the autor determines the particularities of the vernacular compared to other semiological systems. Leaving aside any antimentalistic feature, he considers the language, not only as a system, but as a significant as well. A chapter "discourse analysis" deals with such matiers as : utterance and enunciation, theme and rheme, updating, determination, performance modes, presupposition, discursive types. Each feature is set out according to the signified signifier relationship. As the latter often takes on a prosodic aspect, a chapter deals with the vocal nature of the language, with poetry as one its outstanding manifestations. Most exemples and demonstrations are focused on hungarian, whose problems make up the second part : grammatical historical typological survey, predicative types, nominal sentence, discourse divisions, verb versus noun, nominal verb-forms, constituents of a simple sentence, case endings, nominalisation, rection, functional utterance prospect. The conclusion is a contrasted balance bringing out the main features of hungarian. The author does no conceal his own reserves about what he names "referential reasoning", which consists in electing from the language a reliable counterpart to outer reality
Goncharov, Julie. "COMPARATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS COMPARED : ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26722/26722.pdf.
Full textKriajeva-Kouzmina, Nadejda. "La description de la langue russe par les auteurs français de la seconde moitié du XVIIIème siècle." Nancy 2, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc205/2004NAN21011.pdf.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to studying the contributions made by little known French writers of Russian grammar books (Charpentier, Maudru) and French grammar books (De Laval, Boujot, Gautier) for Russian native speakers, in the description of the Russian language and the development of linguistic science in Russia. The results of the research help fill a gap in the history of Slavic studies in France and Romance studies in Russia, as well as bring recognition to the writers of the books analysed, in their capacity as witness and participants in grammar writing for updated Russian. The results also bring value to the accounts made by these writers, the originality of their interpretation of linguistic information and grammatical phenomena in the Russian language of the period
Lee, Hee-Young. "L'auxiliation aspectuelle en coréen et en français." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040056.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to elaborate certain notions concerning two major linguistic phenomena, namely auxiliation and aspect, and to apply them to the Korean and French predicate systems. The following question are addressed : how can a lexical verb be employed as a grammatical marker; is auxiliation motived by semantics of the verb; and what are the characteristics of the aspectual auxiliation in the two languages? In the first section, we present general theoretical issues on auxiliation and aspect. The aspectual categorizations of Korean and French are discussed using the analysis grid proposed by Dik (1989, 1997). Korean aspectual auxiliaries need the complex verbal construction [Vp-Aux], whereas French aspectual auxiliaries are formed periphrastically with an infinitive (with or without a preposition). In the second section, Korean aspectual auxiliaries are examined and compared to the French equivalents for various aspectual values (inchoative, progressive, continuative, resultative, terminative, iterative, and attemptive). The "superposition of markers" (cf. Lemaréchal 1989, 1997) seems to be able to explain the polyfunctionality of such auxiliaries. Each arguments, the semantic properties of the auxiliary, the connector (preposition or conjonctive suffix), the adverbs, etc The close interaction between different TAM categories (Tense-Aspect-Modality) is illustrated by the function of the relevant auxiliaries. From our observation, the majority of the Korean and French verbs show semantic continuity in their use as auxiliaries ( cf. The phenomenon of the persistence, Hopper 1991 ). It can be said that , in the course of grammaticalization, the verb retains a relatively abstracted version of its primary meaning in its auxiliary uses
Caquineau-Gündüz, Marie-Pierre. "Détermination et référentialité du sujet en turc et en français." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR20029.
Full textBilbiie, Gabriela. "Grammaire des constructions elliptiques : une étude comparative des phrases sans verbe en roumain et en français." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070118.
Full textIn this dissertation, I propose a grammar fragment which accounts for the main properties of two elliptical constructions ('lacking' for the verbal head) called gapping (la) and verbless relative adjuncts (therefore, VRA) (Ib) respectively. (1) a/ Jean aime les pommes [et Marie les bananes]. Jean likes apples and Maria bananas b/ Plusieurs personnes sont venues cette semaine, [dont Marie (hier)]. Several people have corne this week, among which Marie yesterday We mainly argue for the fact that elliptical clauses in gapping and VRA constructions don't behave as regular verbal clauses. Their syntactic and semantic properties don't provide evidence for deriving this kind of elliptical clause from a complete clause. An analysis in terms of syntactic reconstruction of the missing material is therefore inadequate. Thus, the elliptical clause in both constructions (gapping and VRA) has a specific syntactic behaviour and must be assigned an independent status in the grammar, more precisely the status of a fragmentary clause, that is a syntactic unit having a propositional content of message type, but an incomplete syntax. This dissertation gives new arguments in favor of a semantic reconstruction with parallelism constraints, cf. Ginzburg & Sag (2000), Culicover & Jackendoff (2005)
Sklavoúnou, Elisávet. "Etude comparée de la nominalisation des adjectifs en grec moderne et en français." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081290.
Full textOur study is based on transformational grammar (zeilig harris, 1968) and consists in describing syntactically adjectives' nominalization in modern greek following the theoretical framework developed by maurice gross (1975). We are studying in an explicit way, in elementary sentences, the syntactic relations between nominal and adjectival constructions, on support verb, morphologically related and semantically synonymous. We are making remarks on the syntactical behaviour of adjectives in nominalization structures in modern greek and in french (a. Meunier, 1981), on distributional and transformational basis. Our work is divided in five parts. In the introduction we are presenting the adjectival construction in modern greek, in the first part we are presenting the criteria of selection used for the constitution of our corpus. In the second part we are studying the distributional properties of the entries of our lexicon-grammar. The syntactic description of the adjectival and nominal constructions are presented in the third part. The syntactical description of constructions sharing specific properties is the subject of the fourth part. We establish the tables of the lexicon-grammar of adjectives' nominalization in modern greek where are described the constructions according to their syntactic category: anpn (constructions with a facultative prepositional complement), anpn2 (constructions with an obligatory prepositional complement) ancaus (causative constructions) ansy (symmetrical constructions) table anhq (constructions with a phrasal subject), an(intransitive constructions) aneut (constructions operating conversion) and the list anapp (constructions on appropriate nouns with an obligatory modifier). In the fifth part we are presenting our remarks on the relation between the syntax, the morphology and the translation of these constructions
Kostantzer, Stephane Christian. "Les Odes de John Keats : une grammaire poétique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20081.
Full textThe aim of this study is to use the tools of linguistics, notably enunciative linguistics, to study the five great odes by the English romantic poet John Keats. By combining the theory of enunciative operations, semantics and literary criticism, we shall try to define the role of grammatical markers in Keats’s poetry and see how originally and significantly the author uses grammatical markers and their associated values to give his utterance a greater expressivity that points to what Antoine Culioli calls the haut degré. In doing so, we will bring to light other devices that partake in poetic expressivity: polysemy, lexical, thematic or prosodic network structuring, textual, logical, referential or pragmatic discontinuity, figures of speech (metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, synesthesia), trans-polarity and trans-enunciativity. Our constant aim will be to focus on the way grammar lends itself to those expressive forms. We shall first analyse expressive forms in the nominal group, then in verbal determination, and finally, we shall see how prepositions are similarly turned into markers of poetic expressivity
Etoré, Murielle. "Étude comparative des préverbes allemands et des postverbes anglais dans le langage contemporain." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040122.
Full textPetit, Daniel. "'Swe- en grec ancien : la famille du thème de pronom réfléchi." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040101.
Full textThis study is devoted to the analysis of the representation of the Indo-European reflexive pronoun stem *swe-in old Greek. Through its morphological structure, the reflexive pronoun appears in Greek to be close to the personal pronouns. From this formal proximity between *sew- and the personal pronouns, which could be observed also through the etymological evidence in the other Indo-European languages, we could conclude that the reflexive pronoun was in fact a personal pronoun of a particular kind. However, through its syntactical behavior and the kind of reference it has to express, it seems to belong to a clearly different pronominal category. We are therefore confronted with a contradiction which we tried to answer in this study through an analysis of the situation of *swe-in Greek and of the main features which could help to define its position: stress and syntactical reference (opposition of anaphora and reflexivity), phonological structure of the stem (*swe-, *se- and *sewe-), number (opposition of a singular *swe-and a plural *sbhe-), person (limitation of *swe-as a third person pronoun) and case (inflectional paradigm in relation with the paradigm of the personal pronouns). The chief conclusion of this analysis, which is based especially on archaic Greek and on the comparison with the Indo-European evidence, is that it could be possible to suppose that the stem *swe- had originally a semantical value (whose evidence could be found in derivative lexical stems, like *swed-"particular", *swedh-"habits", *swet-"fellow"), and to reconstruct, behind the syntactical function of *swe- (reflexive pronoun), an older semantical function ("oneself in its individuality"), which could be still observed at an historical stage in the different Indo-European languages
Al-Maradni, Hanan. "Étude comparative : le passif du français et le mabni lilmaghul de l'arabe." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA1006.
Full textRuggia, Simona. "Les connecteurs polyvalents : étude énonciative et contrastive des systèmes français et italien dans une perspective didactique : thèse." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2014.
Full textThis thesis aspiration is double. It's focused on contrastive and enunciative analysis of " enfin " and " perché ": French and Italian polyfunctional connectors as well as their respective equivalents. The aim of these linguistic analysis results in didactic practice is a targeted learning multimedia module devoted to the learning and acquisition of the above connectors. This thesis has got 3 different parts. Valuable defining of connector semantical values and pragmatical functions have been studied in the 1st part. It is followed by the study of material intended for French Foreign Language students in order to analyze " enfin " and " perché " presentation in several monolingual and bilingual dictionaries and in several French language learning methods and grammars. Finally we have elaborated a multimedia module targeted at the acquisition of the know and the know-how of " enfin " and " perché " and their respective equivalents. It applies to Italian learners of French of a very advanced level, aiming at bilingualism in a university environment. It is a pedagogical applied linguistics grammar. All data such as : explanations, vocabulary, bilingual dictionary, exercises and textual database are organized in a hypertext structure
Daei-Nasseri, Massoud. "Pratique du bilinguisme par des adolescents franco-persans vivant en France." Strasbourg 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20029.
Full textThis thesis analyses the linguistic strategies which are used by the French-Persian bilingual teenagers during recorded interviews. We first explained some theories on interlanguage, interferences and code-switching. Then, we attempted to study the corpus, wich was first transcribed. In this thesis, it will be found a contrastive analysis of various aspects of the verbal system of French and Persian, of the prepositions, the adjectives and of a number of prepositions. In the second part, we tried to develop some characteristics of the code-switching and code-mixing
Dieu, Eric. "Le supplétisme dans les formes de gradation en grec ancien et dans les langues indo-européennes." Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE499H.
Full textThe object of this work is to study, in indo-european languages, the suppletism which binds adjectives and gradation forms derived from at least two different roots. Our first goal is to analyse the manifestations of suppletism, which applies mostly to fundamental notions ("good", "bad", "big", "small"). One fact is especially remarkable: the existence of polysuppletism (the coexistence of severals pairs of gradation forms corresponding to only one adjective). This implies that the gradation forms be in complementary distribution. Polysuppletism mainly exists in language stages (as in Homeric greek) where gradation forms are relatively independent of adjectives, or binds defective gradation forms to a well established suppletive system: therefore the phenomenon we describe is more lexical than grammatical. Our second goal is to determine the origins of this kind of suppletism. Its major condition is the defectivity. In the adjectives, it often comes from the absolute meaning, therefore not gradable, that they must have had originally. In the gradation forms, it can be ancient (especially by derivation straight from the indo-european root, sometimes from roots meaning something that implies in itself a gradation) or secundary (these forms are not related any more with the corresponding adjectives). Finally, suppletive gradation forms often preserve, due to their isolation, archaic features. An o-grade in the root is to be conserved, especially in several suppletive forms among which some are found only in the neuter: this vowel grade, which often remains without synchronic explanation, must ne inherited from indo-european
Caure, Mélisandre. "Caractérisation de la transparence lexicale, extension de la notion par ajustements graphophonologiques et microsémantiques, et application aux lexiques de l'anglais, de l'allemand et du néerlandais." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIML006.
Full textThe aim of this study is to define lexical transparency, establishing the criteria that a word from a given language must fulfill in order to be considered as potentially understandable to a non-native speaker. The aim is to give a definition of transparency which is both objective and synchronic. We focus our attention on the understanding of languages whose proximity to French is considered as more geographic than genetic. This way, it is possible to study the intercomprehension which arises due to contacts that have existed and still exist between the languages. Thus, we focus on three Germanic languages, English, German and Dutch, and examine their transparency with respect to French. Firstly, we characterize transparency as the property of words which are immediately understandable by beginners. Secondly, we propose an « extended » definition of transparency, including all words which may be understood by learners who would try to understand a text. To this end, we develop methods which allow to play with the form and the meaning of words during the comprehension process. To end this study, we use the theoretical principles to analyse a corpus that contains the 1 000 most frequent lexical words of the three Germanic languages with respect to French, and draw from this analysis quantitative and qualitative conclusions