Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Graminées – croissance et développement'
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Ould, Ahmed Marouf. "Métabolisme des fructanes au cours du développement et après récolte chez la fléole des prés (Phleum pratense L) : identification et analyse fonctionnelle de deux gènes codant des Fructanes Exo-Hydrolases (FEHs) à activité invertase." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2074.
Full textTimothy (Phleum pratense L. ) is an important grass forage used for pasture, hay, and silage in regions with cool and humid growth season. One of the factors affecting its nutritive value and the silage fermentation process is the concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), which are mainly fructans, soluble polymers of fructose. The objectives of this thesis were i) to study fructan metabolism in timothy during the growth to assess the stage of development allowing to obtain maximal fructan contents, taking into account the level of nitrogen fertilization, ii) to study the metabolism of fructans after mowing, during wilting and iii) to identify and characterize plants enzymes involved in fructan breakdown (fructan exohydrolases, FEHs). Harvested tissues (shoot above 5cm) were analyzed at four stages of development (vegetative stage, stem elongation stage, heading and anthesis) and two levels of nitrogen fertilization (0. 375 and 3. 75 mm of NH4NO3), in hydroponic conditions. The metabolism of these sugars was also followed during wilting, for tissues harvested at heading and anthesis. Our results show that the accumulation of fructans was maximal at anthesis. The decrease of NH4NO3 concentration had no effect on fructan accumulation while it caused a strong increase of starch concentration in leaves. These results suggest that the mechanisms of interaction between starch and nitrogen metabolisms on one hand, and fructans and nitrogen metabolisms on the other hand are different. During wilting (under light or darkness, at 20 or 15°C), the contents in soluble sugars were rather stable during the first 24 hours; whereas protein and starch concentrations decreased during the first hours and then remained stable as soon as the dry material content reached 40 %. The sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase (SST) activity, which allows the initiation of fructan synthesis, decreased quickly after mowing while FEH and soluble acid invertase activities remained high during the first hours, indicating the preservation of cellular metabolism at the beginning of wilting. Besides, a cDNA library using timothy’s shoot above 10 cm was built and four new genes coding putatively for FEHs were identified. Two of these genes were expressed in Pichia pastoris to be functionally characterized. These new enzymes (Pp1&6FEH1 and PpFEH-INV) are capable to hydrolyze the β(2-1) and β(2-6) linkages in fructans and also to hydrolyze sucrose. These non specific FEHs, possessing an invertase activity, could be involved in fine regulation of fructan and sucrose contents by contributing to a better balance of carbon flows between the photosynthetically active shoot tissues and the sink tissues at the plant base
Ksiaa, Mariem. "Étude de l’effet du silicium chez Hordeum marinum sous déficiences nutritionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/NNT.pdf.
Full textSilicon (Si) is a ubiquitous element; it is considered to be the second most abundant element in the lithosphere after oxygen. It is not considered as an essential element for plants. However, the addition of Si in crops under abiotic stress gives them a better tolerance to stress. The first objective of this work was to study the effect of Si in Hordeum marinum, a plant species known to accumulate Si, under iron deficiency. This Poaceae species is of interest for livestock fodder and valorization of marginal zones. Our results indicate that growth parameters, water status, photosynthetic gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence and iron accumulation are improved by Si treatment when plants are grown under iron deficiency. We also investigated the effect of seed priming with Si in H. marinum seeds as an inexpensive and easy method to alleviate the effect of stress. Our results showed that germination rate, growth parameters, membrane integrity, activities of antioxidant enzymes and soluble sugar content are all improved by Si pre-treatment in plants growing under iron deficiency. The last objective of this work aimed to understand the behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana, a non-accumulating Si species, in response to stress. Interestingly, our results show that silicon acts positively on germination, development and antioxidant stress in A. thaliana, possibly through a modulation of proline metabolism
Kouadio, Kouassi. "Intégration économique, développement et croissance." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274304.
Full textAbdelkafi, Rami. "Développement soutenable et croissance endogene." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0036.
Full textKouadio, Kouassi Hugues. "Intégration économique, développement et croissance." Paris 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274304.
Full textNguyen, Van Phu. "Croissance économique et environnement." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1EC03.
Full textJacquet, Géraldine. "Structure et réactivité des lignines de graminées et des acides phénoliques associés : développement des méthodologies d'investigation." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30061.
Full textAli, Hussein. "Répression financière, développement financier et croissance." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24005.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to examine the interaction between the financial sphere and real sphere. Firstly, we have analysed the effects of financial repression on the dynamics of the economy in an overlapping generations model. Particularly, we have studied the effects of the regulations that could affect the transaction cost and incite the agents to hold a part of their savings in cash, the high rates of reserve requirements, and the regulated interest rates. Secondly, we have employed the co-integration approach to examine the existence and the nature of the relationship between the financial development and the growth in the MENA region. Our results show that the financial repression policies are not conducive for the capital accumulation. Nevertheless, it is possible that an optimal degree of financial repression allow to realise an optimal allocation of resources in a way that the consumption of agents is maximal, and the steady-state capital stock attain its gold rule level. Moreover, the tests which based on the ECM model and VAR model show that the development of financial intermediaries in the MENA region is an important factor for the economic growth. Simultaneously, the economic growth tends to have some positive effects on the financial deepening, particularly in the long run
Monteils, Marielle. "Savoir et croissance : apports et perspectives des nouvelles théories de la croissance." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10063.
Full textArechiga, Julieta. "Croissance et développement d'enfants espagnols à Bruxelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213154.
Full textCheick, Hamalla Fofana. "Développement industriel et croissance urbaine à Bamako." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040384.
Full textThis thesis speaks about the principle of creation of companies localized in Bamako on 1960 by state in aim to transform local products and to promote availability of employment for populations needing implantation industrial indispensable to resolve the problem of employment and to improve manufactured products in the capital. The capital includes migratory populations and forms mostly urban populations (of Mali) giving the possibility to increase active populations expecting employment and manufactured products
Naoussi, Defonkou Claude Francis. "Croissance et cycles des pays en développement." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9d0be975-e676-49de-bd02-fbf2eeecbce8.
Full textThe economies of developing countries are characterized by a great poverty and a strong macroeconomic instability, costly in terms of welfare and susceptible to participate in the weak growth of these economies. The objective of this thesis, which is consisting of four chapters, is to examine this macroeconomic instability by the means of the modeling in dynamic and stochastic general equilibrium. In the first chapter, we present a review of the literature on dynamic and stochastic general equilibrium models applied on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The second chapter presents a comparative analysis of the sources of macroeconomic fluctuations depending on the level of economic development. The estimation of a small open economy model for a set of developed, emerging and developing economies shows that the weight of trend shocks is higher in sub-Saharan Africa countries and is significantly correlated with the level of income, the quality of institutions and the size of the credit sector. The third chapter is devoted to the role of oil revenues in the business cycle of Cameroon. Calibration of a bisectorial model, where oil revenues act as an exogenous transfer of tradable goods, shows that these revenues play an important role in the business cycle and are the cause of the phenomenon of "dutch disease". The fourth chapter by the means of econometrics of panel data, studies the dynamic relationships between governance and growth. In contrast with the results obtained in cross section, estimations in panel data show a weak effect of governance on growth over the last fifteen years
Postel-Vinay, Fabien. "Croissance et chômage." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010015.
Full textThis thesis addresses the question of the existence and sign of durable links between the phenomena of growth and unemployment. To this end, it focuses on three main points. Are the temporary effects of technical progress on employment the same as in the long-run, and are the mechanisms at work during transitions related to those relevant in steady states? Unemployment being a consequence of short-run frictions and market imperfections, does it have persistent effects on long-run growth, and if yes, of what sign? Are the links between growth and unemployment operating only through labor market institutions, or are thre other relevant transmission channels?
Clément, Raphaël. "Morphogénèse et développement pulmonaire." Paris 7, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585972.
Full textShapes emerge at all scales and in ail physical Systems, living or not, as the result of interactions between the elements of the System according to a certain set of rules. In developmental biology, the molecular context and the central role of genes often mask that, as in any material system, geometrical shapes emerge following interactions well defined in time and space, interactions in which genes and proteins are definitely crucial actors. In this manuscript, we will study the morphogenesis of two distinct Systems. The first one refers to XIXth century's osmosis experiments by Dr. Stéphane Leduc. It consists in the spontaneous formation of silica tubes growing evenly on both sides of a central fracture, and occurs when injecting a solution in another, a precipitate forming at the interface. The rest of the manuscript deals with lung morphogenesis in mammals. We will first build the theoretical framework of a very general growth model based upon the observations of molecular biology as well as the geometry of the organ. Then, we will see how elementary considerations of geometry and diffusion account for the patterning of involved genes, and also for thé emergence of the striking features of embryonic lung morphology: the arborescence, the fact that bronchi never penetrate another, and the apparition of a characteristic distance between distal epithelium and mesothelium. We will also introduce theoretical tools that allow a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Last, we will present a simple experiment of viscous fingering based on our model's conclusions and presenting striking similarities with lung growth
Keffing, Dabo. "Croissance démographique et développement économique et social au Mali." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100164.
Full textEl, Mahjoubi Khadija. "Éducation, croissance et développement : analyse théorique et vérification empirique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24006.
Full textIn the context of this thesis, we have tried to determine the impact of the education on the development of Morocco. The thesis is divided in two parts, the first one exposes microeconomic approach of the relationships between "education-salary" developed in the Economy of education of the 1970s. The synthesis of the literature also reports the macroeconomic approach of the relation and widens in Paul Romer's more recent works for which, the new engines of the growth are the knowledge and the technology. In the second, after describing the organization of the Moroccan educational system with reminiscences of the economic system and demographic context of this country, we evaluate from the Moroccan data the impact of the education on the growth of this country. Two econometric models were investigated, the first one which is the Single Equation Model, is dedicated to the study of the link between the educational levels and the economic growth. In the sense of this analysis, important results are in line, notably as for the importance of the role of the primary and secondary education in the Moroccan growth or that of the parity between both sexes as pivotal for the development. The results of the second approach (by the method of cointegration of Johansen, 1995) suggest that except the long-term relation which exists between the education, the population growth and the growth, there is also a long-term causality where the economic growth affects the education and the decline of the fertility. Indeed, the possibilities of investment and the improvement of the situation of the individuals, in particular the women, on the labour market, they encourage them to put a lot into the education and to participate more in the working population
Macé, Serge. "Externalités et modèles de croissance." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50374-1999-17.pdf.
Full textThis work is a critical analysis of the way by which externalities are introduced in some recent growth models. We first systematically look through the concrete aspects and the specific allocative problems of informational externalities. We especially show that their diffusion is often mediated by private or public intermediaries, one of the functions of which consists into the reduction of the appropriation cost for economic agents, that some peculiar and often neglected processes of internalization exist but simultaneously, that some others can't be internalized simply because they are unforeseeable. We next return to three ways of introducing external effects in growth models : the intergenerational transmission of human capital in education models, the joining of the externality to the physical capital in a model like romer [1986], and the joining to the human capital in the lucas [1988] model. We show that it is difficult to find one human capital conception that permits its intergenerational transmission despite of parental influence. We also deny the main arguments used to justify the idea of an externality on the physical capital, and especially the causality a la schmookler [1966] or the exploitation of intersectoral links. At least, after have set up that there were not significant + educational ; externalities for the growth process, family action excepted, we conclude that, even with the most favorable interpretation, the external advantage described by lucas isn't linked to the average level of human capital in the simple way its model supposes
Eggoh, Jude Comlanvi. "Croissance économique et développement financier : éléments d'analyse théorique et empirique." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0506/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the relationship between financial development and growth through theoretical and empirical assessments. (i) The theoretical contribution can be sum up in three points: at first we show by means of a simple model of endogenous growth that financial development and growth relationship can be characterized by multiple balances. Then, using overlapping generation’s model, we find that financial equilibrium is better than non financial equilibrium as far as the share of income invested and growth are more raised at the level of the first balance than the second. Finally, by taking into account financial innovation in endogenous growth model, we show that the allocation of productive resources in financial sector increases its efficiency and the externality effect on real sector, which improve the economic growth. (ii) The empirical assessments show at first a positive link between finance and growth. In spite of the relationship between financial development and its instability, this last has negative impact on growth only in short run. As for the causality between both variables, it is bi-directional as well in developed and developing countries. Finally, we show that finance and growth relationship is non-linear; what confirms theoretical results obtained through the multiple balances. The non-linearity can depend not only on structural parameters, but also on economic policies. Then, we can identify the structural characteristics and the economic policies that allow narrow relationship between real and financial sectors
Creti-Bettoni, Anna. "Réseaux, innovations et croissance." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10040.
Full textThis thesis analyses the impact of telecommunications on firms' productivity and organisation. The study is articulated around two research topics: one is mainly interested in micro-economic aspects (the theory of production and firms' organisation), while the second analyses a subject closer to macro-economic modelling (the technological progress). The thesis is composed by three principal papers: the first defines the starting point of my theoretical reflection, i. E. The modelling of the externalities of networks in the function of production; the second article analyses the relation between use of technologies of communication and firms' hierarchical organisation; finally, the third article studies the impact of telecommunications on total factor productivity and technical progress. These three papers are introduced by a review of the literature, describing the existing models on the principal topics we analyse. This review of the literature is organised in two parts. The first part focuses mainly on the competition models on firms offering goods likely to present the network externality effect; i. E. The additional value that a new subscriber brings to the community of the already existing subscribers. The second part analyses the literature on technological progress, and the most recent models on telecommunications infrastructure and growth. Two econometric works, one on telecommunications demand by firms, and the other on telecommunications and French national growth, are also presented as an illustration of the problems analysed, respectively, by the first and the second part of the thesis. Our thesis shows that the impact of telecommunications on the economy can be better analysed and measured at the micro-economic level than at the macro-economic level. The analysis of this missing link; is an interesting subject for further research
Domingues, Dos Santos Manon. "Migrations, chômage et croissance." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010083.
Full textThis thesis studies the relationships between migration, unemployment and growth. The first part analyses, in a theoritical and empirical point of vue, the determinants of the location choice and the selectivity of migration. The second part focuses on the relationships between migration and unemployment. A synthesis shows three limits of the previous studies that the chapters 4 and 5 try to overcome. These chapters considere that each local labour market is non competitive because of wage bargaining. Migration costs and ground rents are considered as determinants of the location like employment opportunities and remunerations. The transitory dynamics is also studied. We show that labour mobility do not exclude the persistance of regional unemployment rates differentials. The opening of the frontiers is likely to increase or decrease the general level of unemployment. It can induce an overshooting of the unemployment rate of the region of immigration and an undershooting of the unemployment rate of the region of emigration. The last part studies relationships between migration and growth. Previous studies, synthetised in the chapter 6, conclude that the immigration of low qualified workers has a negative impact on the arrival region and that the emigration of high qualified workers has a negative impact on the departure region. Two original contributions relativize these results. We show that the immigration of low qualified workers is likely to motivate more people to educate, consequence wich is good for the growth of the region of immigration. Moreover, we show that some emigration of high qualified workers can be desirable if the region of departure is likely to imitate the innovations realised in the region of arrival and if emigrants transfer a part of their remuneration to their region of origine
Dubois, Marie Hélène. "Nutrition et développement cérébral." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P117.
Full textCaroli, Eve. "Formation, institutions et croissance économique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0013.
Full textThe thesis proposes an institutional analysis of the influence of education and training (E&T) on economic growth in a cross-section of countries. We first modelize the E&T - growth relationship in several countries which differ widely as far as their level of development is concerned. In order to do so, we use an endogenous growth framework and we propose a very simplified modelization of the institutions governing E&T at the national level. We then turn to the study of five oecd countries. In this case, a quite detailed analysis of E&T institutions appears to be necessary. This analysis allows us to define precisely the content of the e&t-growth relationship before modelizing it in a kaldori an framework. Eventually, we propose a dynamical model of on going collective action in order to study the conditions for a wide in-firm training system to emerge in the United-States
Woo, Suk-Hoon. "Croissance économique et concept de limites dans la pensée économique." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100080.
Full textPeron, Marie-Christine. "Epidermal growth factor (EGF)et développement foeto-placentaire." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P097.
Full textVellutini, Charles. "Intégration économique, croissance et convergence." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010056.
Full textRichez, Elisabeth. "Germination et croissance de graminées sur des sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : implications en écotoxicologie et en phytomanagement." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0043.
Full textThe research concerns the interactions between vegetation and industrial soils contamined with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The approach in situ is based on a phytosociological analysis of the present herbaceous plants on a fallow land of cokeworks combined with physio-chemical soil data. This study shows that there is no particular herbaceous vegetation related to the presence of the HAP in the soil. The experimental approach is based on the study of the development of two grasses, Lolium perenne and Alopecurus Myosuroides. On the polluted soil, a germination delay and a slower development of the roots of grasses are observed. However, no important effects of contaminants on the growth of the abroveground plant parts. The analysis of the contents of HAP in grasses, cultivated in a controlled environment with the atmosphere and the soil separated, shows that grasses are mainly contaminated through the roots. However, no phenomenon of bioaccumulation is observed. Furthermore, a translocation of a part of contaminants of the roots towards the abroveground plants parts is revealed. Long-term attempts show variations of behavior in the transfer of pollutants towards the air parts when plants are cultivated alone or together. In mixed culture, pollutants are almost not absorbed by Lolium perenne. On the contrary, Alopecurus myosuroides transfers in the stalks important quantities of HAP. Furthermore, these longer cultures, showed that the addition of a layer of healthy earth on the polluted soil limits strongly the contamination of vegetation. The question of the impact of vegetation on the decontamination of soils used during the experiments is analysed. The total concentrations of HAP are not significantly decreased after one year of Lolium perenne’s culture. Meanwhile, the concentrations of some contaminants like the benzo[g,h,i]perylene decrease, due to the simulation of microorganisms by the grasses
Glémain, Pascal. "Financement, croissance endogène, régionalisation et développememnt." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4022.
Full textSince currency in 1999, free provision in banking and financial services since 1992 have been offering new dynamics to the building of Europe. Euroland's steady state is expected to yield efficiency to the financing of economic growth and local development. However, this domestic view on financial system seems more and more questionable. Indeed, the theory of international trade uses new geographical economic models whose central concept is "region" and for us : euroregion. Therefore, we want to set up a local model of develoment, and new groth evidence. Firstly, we are locally assessing the European banking industry ant its financial systems. Secondly, we've considered loacla disparities in development through local banking and financial industry, through regional GDP and, through labour euromarkets. Thirdly, we assume the Euroland's growth and euroregional development will depend on space and saving policies under the condition of public expenditures so as to reduce banking costs. The examination of regional savings leads us to the conclusion that local economies may be learning regions
Ghaddab, Kamel. "Libéralisation commerciale et croissance économique : ambiguités et indéterminations." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_ghaddab_k.pdf.
Full textWithin the framework of this thesis, the targets of our research are mainly focused on a revisit of the debate on the complex causality between trade liberalization, as a dominant strategy of development, and the long-term economic growth. Our central objective will be to relativize the consensus commonly shared on the hegemony of trade liberalization as an unconditional economic development strategy. The methodology retained in our research task is mainly empirical. It consists in raising the indeterminations relating to the correlation between liberalization and the development, within a general framework of integration of other deep determinants of the development, in particular the geographical aspects and the quality of the political and economic institutions. The framework of reference adopted in our research task is inspired by the renewed interest in this set of themes of research, particularly following the emergence of a new framework of empirical analysis qualified by the deep determination of the growth and development of the nations
Kindomihou, Missiako V. "Silicification des graminées tropicales: variation entre espèces, influence des conditions de croissance et relations avec la structure foliaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210932.
Full textThe present study examines the variation of the silica accumulation of tropical grass species on the ecological and evolutionary point of view. The review of works examining the extent of the variation of the silica content in grasses identifies three groups of factors influencing the grass silicification, in particular the genetic factors (difference in the capacity of root absorption, anatomy and foliar ecophysiological features), endogenous factors (phenology, organs) and the growth conditions. The experimental approach focused the influence of certain conditions of growth on the silica content (defoliation, moisture, substrate fertility). The results confirm the influence of the defoliation and the substrate fertility on the silica accumulation, but underline well the complexity of the action of these factors which results in particular in differences in response between species. These results suggest that contradiction between published works with regard to the inducible character or not of the silica accumulation are due to some extent to the species*defoliation interaction, and a great sensitivity of the results to the conditions for application of defoliation. Variations of the silica content (intrinsic and induced by the growth conditions) relating to the variations of structural and functional characters (specific leaf area, water content, foliar anatomy, etc.) showed correlations which are not entirely constant through all the tests. They are significantly positive with soluble ashes under all the examined conditions, but negative with carbon in condition of defoliation. With the water content, they are positive in conditions of defoliation, but change sign in conditions of phospho-nitrogenized fertilization. This negative correlation with the water content is consistent at the same time in blades and sheaths in interspecific comparison. This difference in the structure of the correlations results at the same time from the effects of sampling and the more or less large extent of the range of the silica contents swept by the various examined species. Pennisetum unisetum is richest in silica and sclerenchyma and which weighs disproportionately in the analysis of correlations. The results do not give a very clear support for the assumption according to which silica can replace the carbonaceous compounds like material of support.
Doctorat en sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ouarma, Issouf. "Croissance économique et gouvernance dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCG004.
Full textNo abstract
Gritli, Mohamed Ilyes. "Libéralisation du compte capital, développement financier et croissance économique." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU2015/document.
Full textDespite the diversity of theoretical and empirical studies, the question of capital account–economic growth relationship remains a controversial issue. This research aims to complete the existing evidence focusing on MENA countries, while taking into account the institutional quality. In this context, various estimates were made by generalized method of moments (GMM) over the period of 1986–2012 for 11 countries. The results show that corruption and democratic accountability have a significant and negative impact on economic growth if capital account liberalization is enacted. However, the interaction term of bureaucracy quality and financial openness has a significant and positive impact on economic growth. These findings therefore show that the benefits of capital account liberalization are not unconditional, but are likely to depend upon the environment in which the liberalization occurs. Hence, our thesis contributes to the recent policy debates on the merits and demerits of capital account liberalization. As regards the link between capital account liberalization and financial development in Tunisia, the various estimates were made by the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) over the period 1986 to 2014. The results show that the positive effect of opening on financial development is much more important in the long term than in the short term. Moreover, the results confirm the negative impact of corruption on the Tunisian financial system
El, Haoud Naima. "Recherche-développement, innovation et croissance de l'entreprise : expérience marocaine." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32021.
Full textActivities of R&D and innovation are considered like one of déterminantses most important of the competitiveness of the enterprise. In this permanent context of evolution of the environment making of the acceleration of the development and the new product launching a major competitive stake, he/it becomes crucial to master, to encourage and to preserve the indispensable expertise for the realization of projects of R&D. Otherwise, the increasing complexity and the uncertainty increased of the environment for enterprises explain their will to put in œuvre efficient expertise and show the increasing interest that they carry to themes bound to the organization. To satisfy to requirements of the global demand, enterprises multiply strategies of cooperation. Several shapes of coordination offer to them in order to drive a common process of innovation and R&D. The arbitration between to make and to make made the object of theoretical and empiric several studies. This phenomenon awakens our attention on the different fashions of coordination and more specifically the intercompany cooperation that occupies a more and more predominant room in the life of business. The empiric survey that we led on enterprises in Morocco comes to push and to confirm some propositions and nuancers some suggestions. If Morocco is in period of transition, it explains himself in large part by the hold of conscience as good of the public power that of enterprises of the impact of the R&D and the innovation on their own flight that he is economic or social. But, at the same time, if Morocco didn't catch up his/her/its delay again for at less to be placed among the emergent countries that is because his/her/its efforts in matter of R&D remain even insufficient. The Moroccan enterprises have need particularly of a culture of innovation and programs of sensitization to incite them to participate in activities of scientific research and technological development, to promote them and in short to use the potential human and available material in universities and centers of research. We proposed has conception of tea business founded one appraises in which thesis last are not by reduced to assets and tangible resources, nor to has cognitive routine whole. It is in fact interactions between knowledge of cognitive nature (training, routines, beliefs, history, etc. ) and resources (tangible intangible and) of tea enterprise that gives births to tea technological and organizational appraises of tea business
Abdel, Hay Marc. "Le développement du système financier et la croissance économique." Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0022.
Full textEndogenous growth models consider that the development of financial system has a positive effect on economic growth. We analyse in this work this assertion by studying the interaction between financial system development and economic growth evolution. Two parts compose our work. In the first part we study the relationship between financial intermediaries and growth theorically and empirically. Then we introduce in the second part the financial markets in order to analyse the effect of financial system with its two main components, on economic growth. Then, in a last chapter, we analyse the demand impact on this relationship by introducing household and companies
Fierro, de Duran Virginia. "Développement financier et croissance réelle : le cas de l'Equateur." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0022.
Full textGuo, Lin. "Globalisation financière, développement financier et croissance en économie émergente." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010011.
Full textLiu, Chun-Ya. "Régimes politiques, développement économique et croissance urbaine de Taiwan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H015.
Full textThis thesis provides a macro-regional reading of the urbanization process in Taiwan since its origins, over a period or four centuries. The characteristics or city growth arc captured in relation to the development strategies of the various regimes on the island. The method intersects a historical approach with geographic information techniques (QGIS software) to spatialize historical processes. The Taiwanese territory has been essentially dominated by exogenous or colonial powers, while al the same time being the support of intense ethnic mixing, notably by the influx of migrants from the Chinese mainland. Taiwan's economic and urban development has thus found itself at the interface of Western and Eastern spatial strategies of domination. The Western powers developed port cities as part of a colonial strategy embedded in world trade, while the Eastern countries pursued a more continental strategy. The country's capital, Taipei, experienced a less pronounced process or urban primacy than its East Asian counterparts. This betrays a more balanced urban growth, concentrated however in the western part of the island, along a north-south continental transport axis linking two major port hubs. The thesis shows that Taiwan met the criteria or a "developmental state" (Johnson, 1982) productivist strategy during the authoritarian period of the KMT, but that this is no longer the case in the democratic era due to the weakening of the economic pilot agency and the relocation of a large part of the Taiwanese industrial apparatus to China
Karkanis, Dimitrios. "Mutations économiques et démographiques en Chine : croissance ou développement ?" Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10017/document.
Full textThe process of economic growth in China during the last decades, mainly driven by the dynamics of the export sector, is accompanied by a simultaneous and rapid population growth. This growth contributes, in turn, to the creation of a vast amount of potential consumers, as well of a large human resources reservoir, at a national level. Being part of the group of countries well known as “emerging”, the case of China is of special interest, in order to examine if and how economic growth can result in a simultaneous development process, the latter concept being closely related to the improvement of human life.This PhD thesis is structured mainly in three parts. The first part concerns the analysis of economic and demographic changes in China over the last decades, especially since the rise to the country’s leadership of Deng Xiaoping in the year 1978. The analysis carried out first distinguishes the processes of economic globalization and liberalization, at the same time with the evaluation of population trends related to the demographic transition process. Later in the same part, an analysis of institutional changes becomes available, associated with the national policies applied in this highly evolving economic and demographic context. During the second part, the construction of a “diagnosis base” concerning selected risks and opportunities, related to the challenges on China’s development in the current period, allows us to formulate the key assumptions of this research. Finally, the third part comes exactly to evaluate our identified key assumptions, while attempting to define the proposed distinction between the concepts of growth and development. Apart from the construction and the evaluation of our key assumptions, the corollary epistemological posture of this thesis is to examine, through a disciplinary openness, the phenomenon of the co-evolution between economic and demographic variables in the Chinese case. The questions raised about the concept of development require, in fact, a bi-disciplinary approach, both from an economic and demographic view
Varela, Liliana Veronica. "Essais sur la finance et la croissance." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0053.
Full textFinancial markets play an important role in promoting economic growth. However, they are subject to large financial frictions in developing economies. This thesis explores the causes of these frictions, their heterogeneous impact on agents, and their effects on the channels through which finance can spur growth in these economies. Each chapter is devoted to the analysis of one type of financial imperfections. The first chapter argues that the economic downturn observed in emerging markets following interest rate shocks can be associated with financial frictions affecting non-tradable activities. Using a new database on sectoral output and credit in emerging markets, I show that changes in credit conditions significantly affect output growth in the non-tradable sector, but they only affect output marginally in the tradable sector. The second chapter investigates the causes of the increase in aggregate productivity following financial openness. It argues that this expansion can be mainly attributed to reductions in distortions in capital markets that promote competition and encourage investments in technology through two sources. First, better credit conditions encourage firms that gain access to international funds to raise their innovation efforts. Second, pro-competitive forces induce their market rivals to do the same. The third chapter analyzes whether imperfections in futures markets lead firms to align their trading and financing decisions. It shows that firms' export elasticity to exchange rate can be substantially larger than previous estimates if firms are exposed to imbalances between the currency denomination of their assets and liabilities
Geronimi, Vincent. "Développement et croissance à long terme. Instabilités, soutenabilité et vulnérabilités macroéconomiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735411.
Full textChantrel, Étienne. "Croissance, concurrence et TIC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0091.
Full textPolitical discourse is imbued with an obsession for economic growth. The main determinant of long-term growth in endogenous growth theory is innovation, but the institutional environment of economic activity is also an important explanatory factor. In particular, within this environment, competition plays a major, though controversial, role. The purpose of this thesis is to study some aspects of growth, of its determinants and of policies that seek to promote it. Two aspects in particular will be studied, innovation and competition. The first part focuses on two types of policies aimed at encouraging innovation. The first policy is direct government support, studied through an analysis of the impact of the Research Tax Credit (Chapter 1). The second policy considered is the legal framework for innovation (Chapter 2). The theoretical model presented intends to take into account new practices in intellectual property law. The second part deals with the institutional environment in general, and in particular competition. It starts with an international comparison of the level of competition between France and several European countries in various sectors, using an econometric method based on growth equations (Chapter 3). Two sectors are then analyzed in detail : the food industry (Chapter 4), where the balance of power has been tipped in favour of large retailers, and accomodation and food services activities (Chapter 5)
Charpin, Françoise. "Théorie du cycle de vie, croissance et endettement." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100093.
Full textInoubli, Chokri. "L'intermédiation financière et la croissance économique : approche fonctionnelle." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA111028.
Full textRougier, Éric. "Les interactions entre la croissance économique et la croissance démographique dans les pays en développement : théorie, méthodes et analyses empiriques." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40028.
Full textThat work is aimed at linking population and economic growth firstly on a traditional one way framework, and then on a multivariate analysis framework giving emphasis on dynamic interactions between the strategic variables. The whole thesis is built on both these perspectives. It suggests a way of renewing the population-economics question. The malthusian and neo-classical traditional foundations are first challenged. The approach of interactions between population and economic growth is then modelised in the original framework of endogeneous growth models, endogenizing population growth. The welfare effects of population growth are then no longer necessarily adverse. In some cases, rapid population growth can even stimulate economic progress. That theoretical model is also estimated on panel data from developing countries. Most of the theoretical hypothesis are then proved relevant. The results are able to renew the traditional pictures about the economic consequences of rapid population growth. That analysis is finally of significance for the definition of population policy and economic development strategies
Cling, Jean-Pierre. "Commerce, croissance, pauvreté et inégalités dans les pays en développement." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090054.
Full textThe relationship between trade, growth, poverty and inequalities in developing countries can be broken down into three separate relationships: 1/ a relationship between trade and growth; 2/ a relationship between growth and poverty (and inequalities); a relationship between trade and poverty (and inequalities). This thesis presents first a survey of the many recent theoretical and empirical papers studying these relationships. We then build new tools used for analysing the relationship between growth, poverty and inequality. Our survey of literature and the lessons drawn from our analytical tools lead us to make a critical study of the international institutions’ trade and poverty reduction policies in developing countries. Last of all, we present two case studies on the macro and micro impact of export growth strategies in Madagascar and Tunisa based on textile & clothing and analyse the impact on both countries of the dismantling of export quotas in this sector
Rouge, Luc. "Ressources non-renouvelables, pollution et croissance." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10075.
Full textWe first study the problem of growth non-renewable resources within a Schumpeterian endogenous growth model. We examine the optimum and equilibrium paths at the steady-state, and we also study the impact of an economic policy aimed at implementing the optimum. In particular, it turns out that a research subsidy has the same impact as a technical progress in exogenous growth models. We then analyze the impact of the pollution generated by the use of non-renewable resources on the standard results of the literature. In this context, we define a new condition depicting the extraction path, the modified Hotelling rule, and we show that an increase in the houselolds' psychological discount rate leads to a situation in which the social planner slows down the extraction. Finally, we present a simple endogenous growth model that allows us to analyse the effects of an environmental policy. In particular, we show that a decreasing tax on the resource use yields the optimum
Flacher, David. "Révolutions industrielles, croissance et nouvelles formes de consommation." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090010.
Full textTANGUY, JAVET TANGUY ANNICK. "Repartition et croissance les annees 1945-1973." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010062.
Full textThis thesis deals with the relationships between economic growth and the functional and size distributiion of income. The first part is an analysis of the controversies (primarily empirical) brought about the kuznets curve which emphasize the growth -> size distribution relationship and the theoritical debats in the major systems of economic thought which deal essentially with the functional distributioin -> growth relationship. After this presentatioin of the paradigms. Their pertinence is studie by broadening the research to wages and to wealth, to poverty and to the standard of living, taking into consideration the developed countries and the less developed ones, in limiting the period to the years of great growth, 1945-1973, and in viewing successively the two causal relations, the first in the form of a contemporaneous causality and the second in that of a sequential causality. The second part treats the action of growth and its physical modes on the distribution between wages and profits, on the distribution of incomes, wages and capital, on poverty and on the standard of living. The third part deals finally with the possible effects of functional distribution, of size distribution, of poverty and the standard of living, on future economic growth. This part is dominated by the clash between new-classical and keynesian logics for or against the trade-off thesis
Grangeas, Geneviève. "Croissance, cycles longs et répartition." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010021.
Full textAttila, Gbewopo. "Corruption, fiscalité et croissance économique dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486440.
Full textMachinis, Kalotina. "Génétique moléculaire des maladies de la croissance et développement pituitaire." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077122.
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