Journal articles on the topic 'Grain yield'
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1
Ionuṭ RACZ, Rozalia KADAR, Sorin VȂTCĂ, Florin Dumitru BORA, Diana HIRIṢCĂU, Adina VARADI, and Ioana BERINDEAN. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAF AREA SURFACE, CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SPRING WHEAT." LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.58509/lssd.v2i2.122.
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The present paper presents the variability of some yields and non-yields components of a group of ten varieties of spring wheat. Flag leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, spike length, number of grains/spike, weight of grains/spike and estimated grain yield were analyzed as yield components or morpho-physiological traits with a high impact on final grain yield. Flag leaf area surface has a direct an important contribution to determine increased number and weight of grains per spike. Chlorophyll concentration determined from flag leaf at early milky stage is significant correlated with weight of grains per spike (0.64*) which means that maintaining of a high level of chlorophyll pigments in leaf contributes decisively to high grain yield. Grain yield performance of genotypes can be appreciated based on the preliminary information given by chlorophyll concentration measured in advanced generative stage. Obtaining information previous final grain yield creates the possibility of pursuing more closely of a valuable breeding material while eliminating non-conforming genotypes.
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Ramadhani, Siti Hasdiyanti, Ni Luh Sri Suryaningsih, and Yosefina Mangera. "Analysis of Grain Yield and Quality of Rice Aromatic Inpago Unsoed 1." AGRICOLA 8, no. 1 (September 24, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/ag.v8i1.2098.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the quality of the grainand rice are planted, the ricevarieties Inpago Unsoed 1. The research method use dis data collection, namely primary data andsecondary data. Primary data is used for observed in this research about grain moisturecontent,density of grain, foreign bodies, empty grains, grain crackedor broken, after the percentage ofgrain milled head of rice, broken rice, graing roats, grain limestone, yolk broken and milled rice yield.The results showed that during the observation the quality of grain varieties Inpago Unsoed 1 hasmilled at about 13,33% moisture content, grain density of 0,57g/ml, and grain weight is 27,60g/1000grain. The percentage point for the determination quality of head point is 73,49%, broken grainsabout 13,92%, and 12,34% graing roats. The quality of rice milled varieties inpago Unsoed 1 includelow. The lower of rice quality is due to the low of head rice percentage, while the percentage ofbroken grain sand high graing roats. Rice milled yield about 51,23%
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Feng, Fan, Pengfei Dang, Xuan Pu, Xiaoxia Wen, Xiaoliang Qin, Yinglong Chen, and Kadambot H. M. Siddique. "Contribution of Proximal and Distal Grains Within Spikelets in Relation to Yield and Yield Components in the Winter Wheat Production Region of China From 1948 to 2012." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120850.
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Grain number and weight within a spikelet are major yield components which determine the grain yield in wheat. The objective of this study was to explore genetic gains in grain performance within wheat spikelets at the individual grain level and its effect on grain yield and evaluate genetic progress in stem internode length and other yield-related traits. We conducted field experiments across three growing seasons in the western Yellow and Huai Valley of China; incorporating 17 bread wheat cultivars released from 1948 to 2012. Yields were significantly correlated with year of release. Yield gains equated to 3.95 g m−2 yr−1 in response to increases in total grain weight per m2 (GW) in proximal (G1 and G2) and distal (G3 and G4) grains, despite a decline in the proportional contribution of proximal grains to yield and increase in the proportional contribution of distal grains to yield with year of release. Grain number per m2 (GN), thousand-grain weight (TGW), and harvest index (HI) increased with year of release, but plant height decreased. Both grain number per spikelet of proximal and distal grain contributed to the increase in total GN. However, the contribution ratio of GN in proximal grains to total GN declined, and the proportion in distal grains increased. Average single grain weight (SGW) increased linearly at G1, G2, G3, and G4 with year of release and contributed to the increase in TGW. The G3 and G4 grain positions had much lower individual grain weights but increased at a faster rate than G1 and G2. At G1, G2, and G3 grain positions, from bottom to top spikelets, the newly released cultivars had the heaviest grains and the old cultivars had the lightest grains. New cultivars had more spikelets than old cultivars and the number of grains (proximal and distal grains) in the apical spike increased with year of release. The length of five internodes decreased significantly with year of release, more so in the upper than lower internodes, all of which contributed to the decline in plant height. In summary, increasing the number and weight of distal grains could increase grain yield, TGW, and GN.
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Dorval, Isabelle, Anne Vanasse, Denis Pageau, and Yves Dion. "Seeding rate and cultivar effects on yield, yield components and grain quality of spring spelt in eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 5 (September 2015): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-439.
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Dorval, I., Vanasse, A., Pageau, D. and Dion, Y. 2015. Seeding rate and cultivar effects on yield, yield components and grain quality of spring spelt in eastern Canada. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 95: 841–849. There is currently an increasing demand from master millers for spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta), but little is known about crop management of spring spelt under the eastern Canadian climate in organic or low-input systems. Field experiments were carried out at three sites in Quebec from 2011 to 2013 to assess the effect of cultivar (CDC Origin, CDC Zorba, CDC Nexon, CDC Silex) and seeding rate (250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 grains m−2) on grain and straw yields, yield components and some grain quality characteristics of spelt. CDC Origin produced higher hulled grain yields at all sites, while CDC Silex produced similar hulled grain yields and achieved the highest naked grain yields at two of the three test sites. The hull content varied from 24.0 to 37.6% among cultivars. CDC Origin had the highest hull content at each site. The seeding rate generally had no effect on yields, but had an effect on yield components; increasing seeding rates slightly increased the number of spikes per square metre and decreased the number of grains per spike, while the 1000-grain weight remained unaffected. Protein content of all cultivars was high (14.2 to 15.4%), while falling number varied from 219 to 385 s.
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Brdar, Milka, Borislav Kobiljski, and Marija Balalic-Kraljevic. "Grain filling parameters and yield components in wheat." Genetika 38, no. 3 (2006): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0603175b.
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Grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is influenced by number of grains per unit area and grain weight, which is result of grain filling duration and rate. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between grain filling parameters in 4 wheat genotypes of different earliness and yield components. Nonlinear regression estimated and observed parameters were analyzed. Rang of estimated parameters corresponds to rang of observed parameters. Stepwise MANOVA indicated that the final grain dry weight, rate and duration of grain filling were important parameters in differentiating among cultivars grain filling curves. The yield was positively correlated with number of grains/m2, grain weight and grain filling rate, and negatively correlated with grain filling duration. Correlation between grain weight and rate of grain filling was positive. Grain filling duration was negatively correlated with grain filling rate and number of grains/m2. The highest yield on three year average had medium late Mironovska 808, by the highest grain weight and grain filling rate and optimal number of grains/2 and grain filling duration.
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Gudepu, Sandhya, Damodar Raju Chennamadhavuni, and Sumalini Katragadda. "Variability and association studies for yield and yield contributing traits in long grain rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 59, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.4.3.
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Thirty accessions of long grain rice with grain length > 6.2mm including two checks viz., KNM 118 and IR 64 were evaluated to study variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield attributing traits. High range of variation, PCV and GCV were observed for number of effective tillers per plant, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of effective tillers per plant, plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, grain length, grain L/B ratio and grain yield per plant. Among all the entries tested KPS 6363 and KPS 3272 were found promising with higher grain yield per plant. Correlation analysis revealed that plant height, panicle weight, grain breadth exhibited a significant and positive association with grain yield per plant. Path analysis revealed that among quantitative traits number of effective tillers per plant, plant height, panicle weight and number of grains per panicle and quality traits kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, grain length and kernel L/B ratio had shown positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by kernel breadth, plant height, panicle weight, grain length and number of grains per panicle and these traits can be used as selection indices for development of high yielding rice varieties coupled with quality.
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El-Shatnawi, M. K. J., and N. I. Haddad. "Assessing barley (Hordeum vulgare) response to clipping in the semi-arid Mediterranean climate." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 1 (2004): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02103.
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Greenhouse pot trials and field experiments were carried out under rain-fed condition in north-eastern Jordan during 1997–98 and 1998–99 growing seasons, to test 3 barley genotypes for their suitability for both forage and grain production. The varieties Rehani and ACSAD176 produced higher forage yields than Rum. In the field, clipping reduced subsequent grain yield per plant by about 18%, lowering grain weight of the main spike from 2.3�g in the control to 1.8 g in the clipped plants. Clipping increased tiller density of barley plants in the field. Decreases in grain yield following clipping could also be attributed to reductions in the number of grains per spike. Clipping decreased the number of grains per spike by about 9% by reducing the number of spikelets per spike. Cutting reduced 1000-grain weight by about 9%. Clipping induced changes in the relative importance of yield components influencing subsequent grain yield. The yield components reduced by clipping were the most important contributors to loss of grain yield.
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Rahman, MM, SK Paul, and MM Rahman. "Effects of spacing and nitrogen levels on yield and yield contributing characters of maize." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 14, no. 1 (December 10, 2016): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v14i1.30595.
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An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2014 to April 2015 to investigate the effect of planting spacing and nitrogen levels on yield attributes and yield of maize cv. Khaibhutta. The experiment comprised three nitrogen levels viz. 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1 and five plant spacings viz. 75 cm × 25 cm, 75 cm × 20 cm, 50 cm × 25 cm, 50 cm × 20 cm and 100 cm × 20 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that nitrogen levels and plant spacing had significant effect on yield attributes and yield of Khaibhutta. The highest number of cobs plant-1, grains row-1, grain yield and stover yield were recorded with 150 kg N ha-1 followed by 100 kg N ha- 1and the lowest values were observed in 50 kg N ha-1. The highest number of cobs plant-1, grain rows cob-1, grains row-1, grains cob-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index were recorded at 75 cm × 25 cm spacing. In contrast, the closest spacing of 50 cm x 20 cm produced the lowest values of grain rows cob-1, grains row-1, grains cob-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. In case of interaction, the highest grain yield and harvest index were obtained at 75 cm × 25 cm spacing fertilized with 150 kg N ha-1. The lowest values of the above parameters were recorded in the closest spacing 50 cm × 20 cm with 50 kg N ha-1. From this study it may be concluded that maize (cv. Khaibhutta) can be cultivated at the spacing of 75 cm × 25 cm with 150 kg N ha-1 for appreciable grain yield.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 43-48, June 2016
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Balyan, H. S., and Tejbir Singh. "Character association analysis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Genome 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-068.
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Grain yield of wheat as a component characteristic of total dry matter (biological) yield is governed by harvest index (V. P. Kulshrestha and H. K. Jain. 1982. Z. Pflanzenzuecht. 89: 19–30). At the phenotypic level, both the grain and biological yields are dependent upon a number of measurable agronomic characteristics such as plant height, tiller number, spike length, and grains per spike, etc. From a breeder's point of view, it is of great value to know the relative significance of these characteristics in determining grain yield to design appropriate selection strategies. The present study evaluated the covariability of yield in relation to various agronomic traits and ascertained their direct and indirect contributions towards grain yield. Key words: wheat, grain yield.
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Perry, MW, and MF D'Antuono. "Yield improvement and associated characteristics of some Australian spring wheat cultivars introduced between 1860 and 1982." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890457.
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Twenty-eight Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cultivars representing a series from the 1860s to 1982, were grown in 20 field trials over four years in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The cultivars included introductions and selections made before 1900, plus important cultivars bred or grown in Western Australia up to 1982. Five of the latter group were from crosses including semidwarf cultivars as parents. Grain yields were measured on all trials, and six trials were also sampled for biomass and yield components.Based on the regression of mean grain yield versus the number of years elapsed since 1884, yields have increased from 1022 kg ha-1 in 1884 to 1588 kg ha-1 in 1982. This represents a rate of increase of 5.8 kg ha-1 year-1 or 0.57% per year. Regression of cultivar yield on site mean yield gave values of b, the slope of the regression, from 0.66 to 1.24, and these were higher for modern than for old cultivars.In six trials sampled for yield components, above-ground biomass appeared to have increased slightly when comparing early selections and their derivatives with later cultivars, but over 80% of the overall increase in grain yield was due to increase in harvest index. Grains per car and grains m-2 were strongly and positively correlated with grain yield, but there were weak negative correlations between 1000-grain weight and yield, and between 1000 grain weight and years since 1884. Cultivars with a semi-dwarf background had equal biomass, but higher yield, harvest index, ear number m-2 and grains ear-2 than modern tall cultivars. The results show that genetic improvement has substantially increased yield potential in this environment and that this has been achieved through substantial increases in grain number m-2 associated with an improvement in harvest index.
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Potarzycki, J., and W. Grzebisz. "Effect of phosphoric fertilizers as a source of sulphur on malt barley total and technological grain yields." Plant, Soil and Environment 53, No. 9 (January 7, 2008): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2289-pse.
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Malt barley production requires a technology increasing nitrogen use efficiency, because of a high sensitivity of barley total grain yield and quality parameters to external growth factors. In the conducted study an effect of two P fertilizers on the background of N application on total and technological grain yields were studied. The highest total grain yield was harvested on plots fertilized with 60 kg N/ha, irrespective of the P fertilizer type. However, the technological grain yield showed a high year-to-year variability; the highest was recorded in 2001 on the plot fertilized with 60 kg N/ha and the P-PAPR fertilizer. The N and S concentrations and N:S ratios in immature grains at harvest were used to evaluate both yield types. Nitrogen concentration in the final total yield allowed making yields prognosis with the highest probability. The maximum yields of technological malt barley were attainable provided that total S concentration in immature grains at harvest was above 0.23% and the N:S ratio was narrower than 8.0.
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M. S., Maysoun, Salih H. F. Al-salim, Reem Al-edelbi, and Naoman S. M. "Study of Correlation and Path Analysis Between Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Wheat." Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN: 2077-5822 , E-ISSN: 2617-1479) 7, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33794/qjas.vol7.iss1.8.
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Agricultural experiment carried out during the 2014-2015agricultural season winter wheat planting classAba99in tow sites Al-Shattra and Al-Dwayah in Al-NaseriahExplanatory farmers' fields covered by the national program for the development of the cultivation of wheat in Iraq and four treatments were applied on wheat(Laser plus weed controlling, Laser plus weed controlling plus sulfur, Laser plus weed controlling plus sulfur plus other elements, Control for comparing), in Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replications, Correlations and path coefficient analysis between (number of brunches, Spike Length, number of spikes/m2, grains number per spike, thousand grain weight and plant grain yield), Results showed that grain yield had a positive significant correlation with each of number of spikes/m2 and grains number per spike (0.711**, 0.465**) respectively.Results of path coefficient analysis showed that the direct effect of number of spikes/m2 on grain yield was high and positive(0.5350), while the indirect effectsfor each of number of brunches and number of grains per spike and thousand grain weight on grain yield wasmedium and positive (0.2571, 0.2557, 0.2434) respectively, and also the indirect effect for grain number per spike on grain yield through number of spikes/m2 was positive and medium(0.2479). Results also showed that number of spikes/m2 had the highest contribution in yield as a direct effect 28.621%, followed by the corporate effect of number of spikes/m2 and number of grains in spike12.674%
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Waddington, S. R., M. Osmanzai, M. Yoshida, and J. K. Ransom. "The yield of durum wheats released in Mexico between 1960 and 1984." Journal of Agricultural Science 108, no. 2 (April 1987): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960007951x.
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SummaryTwo trials designed to measure progress in the yield of durum wheat cultivars released in Mexico by the Institute Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas over the period 1960–84 were grown in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the 1983–4 and 1984–5 cropping seasons. The trials compared grain yield, above-ground biomass, harvest index (ratio of dry grain yield to dry above-ground biomass), yield components, grain-growth rates and phenological characters for eight key cultivars and the modern advanced line, Carcomun ‘S’, when grown at a high level of agronomic inputs and management.The grain yield of durum wheat was estimated to have risen for 25 years of breeding from 3·70 to 8·40 t/ha. The estimated average annual rates of increase in grain yield for the periods 1960–71 and 1971–85 were 251 and 121 kg/ha respectively. Grain yield improvements were based on a linear increase in the number of grains/m2 over the 25-year period, the result of more grains per spikelet. An improved above-ground biomass at maturity was a feature of the two modern genotypes, Altar 84 and Carcomun ‘S’. Harvest index increased with each new cultivar up to the release of Mexicali 75 in 1975, but thereafter the higher grain yields achieved with the modern genotypes were not associated with a higher harvest index. Thousand-grain weight remained steady for the released cultivars but fell slightly for the advanced line Carcomun ‘S’. Improvements in yield were not associated with a longer cropping cycle.It is concluded that a breeding strategy combining selection for morphological characters thought to confer high yield potential, such as a more erect leaf posture and high number of grains per spikelet, with selection for grain yield per se has been successful in improving the grain yield of durum wheats adapted to north-west Mexico. Improvements have come not only in the size of the grain sink and the efficiency of assimilate partition to grain but also in the biomass produced above ground.
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Hossain, MS, NA Ivy, MS Raihan, E. Kayesh, and S. Maniruzzaman. "Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis of Floral, Yield and its Component Traits of Maintainer Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Bangladesh Rice Journal 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v24i1.53235.
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Direct selection based on crop yields is paradox in breeding programmes because of its complex polygenically inherited character, which is influenced by its component traits. A field experiment was conducted to establish the extent of association between yield and yield components and other characters in maintainer lines of rice. Analysis of variance revealed that significant amount of genetic variability was present in the entire characters studied except grain length, grain width and flag leaf breadth. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight (TGW), filled grains per panicle, flag leaf length, stigma breadth, filament length suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. The correlation coefficient between grain yield per plant and other quantitative characters attributing to yield showed that grain yield was significantly and positively associated with number of grains per panicle, TGW, spikelet fertility, filament length and pollen fertility at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient at genotypic level revealed that panicle length, number of effective tillers/plant, number of grains per panicle, TGW, filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, stigma length, stigma breadth, filament length and pollen fertility had direct positive effect on grain yield indicating importance of these parameters as the main contributors to yield. Thus, a genotype with higher extent of these traits could be selected as parents from existing genotypes for genetic improvement of yield in hybrid rice.
Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (1): 1-9, 2020
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Steiner, JL, RCG Smith, WS Meyer, and JA Adeney. "Water use, foliage temperature and yield of irrigated wheat in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 1 (1985): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850001.
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Quantification of the relationship between evapotranspiration (Et) and yield is important for the analysis of irrigation practices. Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Avocet) was grown at the CSIRO Centre for Irrigation Research, Griffith, N.S.W., in 1982 with treatments of no irrigation and irrigation at 40, 70, and 90% depletion of plant available soil water. Irrigation significantly affected total dry matter, grain yield, and the yield components of number of heads per m2, number of grains per head, mass of individual grains, and harvest index. Plot grain yields, varying from 1.7 to 8.3 t ha-1, were closely related to dry matter at anthesis (r = 0.94) and number of grains per m2 (r = 0.99), indicating the importance of early growth on final yield. Regression analysis showed a significant (P < 0.01) linear relationship between Et and total or grain dry matter. The relationship of Et (mm) to grain yield (Y) (t ha-1) was described by Y = -2.010 + 0.016Et. Foliage temperatures were monitored at noon and showed promise as plant stress indicators. The mean differential between foliage and air temperature from jointing to late grain fill showed a strong negative linear relationship to grain numbers per unit soil area (r2 = 0.88) and to final yield (r2 = 0.86).
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Khan, Imran, Fida Mohammad, and Fahim Ullah Khan. "Estimation of genetic parameters of yield and yield traits in wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12637.
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Development of superior crop varieties is the prime objectives of all plant breeding programs. To determine genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, 24 elite bread wheat lines were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar under rainfed conditions. Data were recorded on days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm-2), spike length (cm), grain yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (g), grains spike-1, grain weight spike-1(g), and harvest index (%). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied. Broad sense heritability was high for days to heading (0.89), grain weight spike-1(0.61g), spike length (0.70 cm), 1000-grain weight (0.62g), grain yield (0.78 kg ha-1) and harvest index (0.62%); and was moderate for days to maturity (0.52), plant height (0.38 cm), and grains spike-1 (0.49), while low heritability was estimated for spike weight (0.25g), flag leaf area (0.28 cm-2) and biological yield (0.25 kg ha-1). The values of genetic advance for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, grains spike-1, grain weight spike-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, flag leaf area, and harvest index were; 5.47, 1.88, 4.01, 6.42, 0.16, 5.02, 0.71, 418.83, 379.64, 2.89 and 3.92, respectively. Genotype PR 105 surpassed all other genotypes in grain yield (3144.33 kg ha-1) and hence it can be recommended for rainfed area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12637 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 193-205
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Cisse, Amara, Adnan Arshad, Xiaofen Wang, Fanta Yattara, and Yuegao Hu. "Contrasting Impacts of Long-Term Application of Biofertilizers and Organic Manure on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in North China Plain." Agronomy 9, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060312.
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The effects of long-term incorporation of organic manure and biofertilizers have been investigated on winter wheat in the North China Plain (NCP). The five-year field experiment (2013–2018) has illustrated the responses of grain yield and yield components. Seven fertilization approaches, included pig farm-yard-manure and biofertilizers amendments combined with five NPK% drop levels of chemical fertilizer ratio + organic fertilizer + biofertilizer (0, C+O+B) 25%, CL4; 50%, CL3; 75%, CL1; and 100%, CL0), without fertilizer as control (CK), in NCP during the years 2013–2018. Results showed that the grain yields of CL1 and CL2 were equivalent to CL0 in all growing seasons except 2014/2015. The grain yields of CL4 were 29.9% to 46.6% lower than that of CL0 during 2014/2015, 2016/2017, and 2017/2018. The valuable spike-number, grain number per-spike, and 1000-grain weight showed significant variations among different growing periods. Regression analysis of grain yield and yield components indicated that number grains per-spike showed significant increase in seed yield formation. The 1000-grain weight was the major parameter that influenced yield of moderate and low yielding periods, respectively. The results revealed that application of 30 m3 ha−1 pig farm-yard-manure and 20 kg ha−1 biofertilizers has reduced at least 50% of the NPK fertilization without dropping grain yields in the North China Plain.
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Fouad Razzaq A., Al-Burki, Mohsin Haider Abdulhussein, and Sarheed Abdullah F. "Season Response of Bread Wheat Cultivars (Triticum Aestivum L.) to Different Planting Dates Under Samawa Desert Condition." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 923, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/923/1/012089.
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Abstract A field experiment was carried out in Samawa desert (70 km west of Samawa city, Al-Muthanna governorate), during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 agricultural seasons, to study the response of three Iraqi cultivars of wheat (Tamooz2, Ibaa99, Abu Ghraib3) to three planting dates (November 15, 1st December and December 15) under Samawa desert conditions. The results showed the superiority of Tamooz2 cultivar in all traits of the yield components, it gave the highest averages of grain yield, which amounted 5.75 and 5.89 tons/ha−1, weight of 1000 grains, which amounted 29.79 and 31.06 gm, and the number of grains per spike, which amounted 73.02 and 73.76 for the 2019 and 2019-2020 seasons, respectively. The date of December 15th also surpassed in the traits of grain yield, weight of 1000 grains, number of spike grains, and the highest grain yield reached 5.62 and 5.58 tons/ha−1 for the two seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively, and the combination (Tamooz 2 x December 15) gave superiority over the other combinations in terms of grain yield which amounted 6.05 tons ha−1 (2018-2019 season) and Ibaa99 × December 1 gave the highest grian yield about 6.10 tons ha-1 (2019-2020 season).
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Zhang, Heping, Neil C. Turner, Narelle Simpson, and Michael L. Poole. "Growing-season rainfall, ear number and the water-limited potential yield of wheat in south-western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 4 (2010): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09288.
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Knowledge of the contribution of ear number per unit area, grains per ear, and kernel weight to grain yield is important in understanding the limits to the water-limited potential yield of wheat in rain-fed agricultural regions. This paper analyses the relationships between grain yield, yield components and growing-season rainfall using data from the low-, medium-, and high-rainfall zones of the cropping region of south-western Australia. The aim of the paper is to quantify the contribution of ear number, grains per ear and kernel weight to grain yield and define the yield components of wheat required to achieve its water-limited yield. The grain yield of wheat was closely related to the number of grains per unit area (r2 = 0.90) and ears/m2 (r2 = 0.75), but poorly correlated with kernel weight (r2 = 0.30) and grains/ear (r2 = 0.09). The number of grains per unit area was highly related (r2 = 0.75) to the number of ears per unit area across the rainfall zones of the cropping region, and strongly correlated (r2 = 0.88–0.94) to the spike dry weight at anthesis. The highest yields achieved in the field were close to the water-limited potential estimated using the French and Schultz method. To achieve this water-limited potential, wheat requires 1 ear per m2 for every mm of growing-season rainfall (r2 = 0.92). We conclude that the number of ears per unit area is the most important factor required in order to achieve high yields of up to a yield of 6 t/ha in wheat in rain-fed south-western Australia.
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Roy, Tapas Kumar, Swapan Kumar Paul, and Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar. "Influence of date of transplanting on the growth and yield performance of high yielding varieties of Boro rice." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i3.43201.
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An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, date of transplanting and its interaction on the growth and yield performance of high yielding Boro rice. The experiment comprised five varieties viz., BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan67, BRRI dhan69, BRRI dhan74 and five dates of transplanting viz., 15 December, 30 December, 15 January, 30 January and 15 February. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that growth parameters, crop characters, yield components and yield were significantly influenced by variety, date of transplanting and their interactions. The leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter production hill-1 were highest in BRRI dhan69 when transplanted on 15 January whereas the lowest value was found in BRRI dhan28 when transplanted on 15 February. The number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.80), number of grains panicle-1 (130.90), 1000-grain weight (22.07 g), grain yield (4.96 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.64 t ha-1) were highest in BRRI dhan69 whereas corresponding lowest values were recorded in BRRI dhan28. The crop transplanted on 15 January produced the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (12.81), highest number of grains panicle-1 (131.20), heaviest 1000-grain weight (21.93 g), highest grain yield (5.36 t ha-1) and highest straw yield (7.71 t ha-1). In case of interaction, the highest grain (5.90 t ha-1) and straw yields (7.87 t ha-1) were recorded in BRRI dhan69 transplanted on 15 January whereas the lowest grain and straw yields were recorded in BRRI dhan28 transplanted on 15 February. Therefore, it can be concluded that BRRI dhan69 along with 15 January transplanting appears as the promising combination in terms of grain and straw yields.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 301–308, 2019
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Junior, Clovis Pierozan, Jackson Kawakami, Kélin Schwarz, Renan Caldas Umburanas, Murilo Viotto Del Conte, and Marcelo Marques Lopes Müller. "Sowing Dates and Soybean Cultivars Influence Seed Yield, Oil and Protein Contents in Subtropical Environment." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 6 (May 15, 2017): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n6p188.
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The sowing date is the crop management practice with higher interference on soybean grain yield, although this interference is dependent on the genotype by environment interaction. This study was carried out to evaluate how soybean genotypes behave at different sowing times in a subtropical environment. We evaluated the grain yield, yield components, plant morphology and grain oil and protein content of four soybean cultivars (FPS Urano RR, BMX Apolo RR, BMX Energia RR and BRS 284) at three sowing dates (early, mid, and late sowing in 2010/2011 season) in Mid-South of Parana State, Brazil. Early cultivars at late sowing may have problems with mechanical harvest. The number of pods and grains differed among cultivars, and the cultivar “BRS 284” showed the best results. As an exception, the cultivar “BRS 284” showed yield stability among sowing dates. Higher amount of grain protein content occurs in middle and late sowing dates. The grain yield decreased with delay of sowing due to the reduction of the grains mass and in Southern Brazil is very important to assure high mass of seed to obtain high grain yields.
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Akter, Khaleda, S. H. Habib, M. K. Bashar, and A. M. Nurunnabi. "GENETIC ANALYSIS AND SELECTION CRITERIA IN ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF DEEP WATER RICE." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17024.
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Thirty advanced breeding lines of deep-water rice were evaluated during T. Aman season (rainfed ecosystem) with a view to finding out variability and genetic association for grain yield and its component characters. All the tested characters showed significant variation. The highest genetic variability was obtained in filled grains/panicle followed by plant height. Panicles/plant, filled grains/panicle and grain yield had high genetic coefficient of variation and heritability in broad sense coupled with high genetic advance in percentage of mean. Panicle length, panicles/plant, plant height, filled grains/panicle and harvest index showed significant positive association with grain yield. Path coefficient analysis also revealed maximum positive and direct contribution of filled grain to grain yield followed by panicles/plant, 1000-grain weight and flag leaf area. Moreover, plant height had the highest indirect effect on grain yield through filled grains/panicle. Flag leaf area, harvest index and panicle length also had higher positive indirect effect on grain yield through filled grains/panicle.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17024
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Abdul Mannan, Md, Md Abul Hashem, Md Sohanur Rahman, Fakhar Uddin Talukder, and Md Kamrujjaman. "Yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan49 as influenced by integrated use of banana leaves with inorganic potassium fertilizer." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 8, no. 2 (November 28, 2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v8i2.30909.
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A field experiment was carried out at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during aman season of 2014 to study the integrated use of banana leaves with inorganic potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of BRRI dhan49 following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications. The highest plant height (85.55cm), panicle length (21.46cm), number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.54), number of filled grains panicle-1 (149.53), 1000-grain weight (21.85gm), grain yields (5.66 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.81 t ha-1) were obtained in the treatment T3 and the lowest plant height (77.10cm), panicle length (18.85cm), number of effective tillers hill-1 (8.64), number of filled grains panicle-1 (112.11), 1000-grain weight (19.96gm), grain yields (3.50 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.73 t ha-1) were recorded in the control. It can be recommended to integrated use of 50% K from banana leaves+50% K from MoP on growth and yield of BRRI dhan49.
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Patias Furlan, Robison Davi, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Murilo Vieira Loro, Danieli Jacoboski Hutra, Leonardo Cesar Pradebon, Caroline Huth, Jose Antonio Gonzalez Silva, Leonir Terezinha Uhde, and Helaine Claire Ferreira Almeida. "Edaphoclimatic variables in determining flaxseed yield." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 8 (April 12, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33158/asb.r160.v8.2022.
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Flaxseed is an oil plant, belonging to the Linaceae family, of an autogamous species. The objective of this work is to evaluate grain yield through edaphoclimatic variables, which are descriptive of field, soil and climate in relation to the production of the line in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The trial was carried out at the Regional Institute of Rural Development (IRDeR), belonging to the Regional University of the Northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí); the experimental design used was that of randomized blocks, organized in a factorial scheme of 5 application moments x 5 doses of nitrogen in 3 replications, totaling 75 experimental units. The traits evaluated were grain yield in relation to the soil, climate and field attributes. Grain yield is directly and indirectly influenced by base saturation at pH 7.0 and soil compaction, and also by the maximum temperature and minimum temperature. The condition of the climate during the culture cycle influences the components of the grain yield of flaxseed. The maximum and minimum temperature were negatively related to flaxseed grain yield under the conditions of the study. The Track Analyses allowed us to visualize the contribution of both chemical and physical attributes to the final production. Higher values of base saturation enhance flaxseed grain yield. Variables number of capsules, number of capsules that formed grains, number of grains per plant, population, and mass of grains per plant were the variables that determined grain yield.
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Conry, M. J., and B. Dunne. "Effects of nitrogen timing and frequency of fungicide applications on grain yields of winter barley in Ireland." Journal of Agricultural Science 120, no. 2 (April 1993): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600074219.
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SUMMARYThe effects of varying the timing of nitrogen application and the frequency of fungicide sprays on the incidence of foliar disease and on the grain yield of winter barley (cv. Panda) were investigated at two sites in Ireland over three years, 1986–88. Nitrogen application timing had little effect on the amount of foliar necrosis due to disease but delaying application of all the nitrogen until April significantly reduced grain yields in two of the three years when compared with standard split dressings in March and April. The reductions in yield reflected small differences in 1000-grain weight.The number of fungicide sprays applied had significant effects on the amount of foliar necrosis and on grain yields. One-spray and two-spray programmes increased average yield by 16 and 32%, respectively. The yield increases were attributable to more ears/m2 and larger grains (greater 1000-grain weight). Fungicides also delayed the onset and significantly reduced the amount of brackling. Delaying nitrogen application in the spring did not decrease the number of fungicide sprays required to achieve maximum yield.
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Gyrka, A. D., I. O. Kulyk, O. O. Pedash, O. O. Viniukov, and V. A. Ischenko. "АГРОЕКОЛОГІЧНЕ ВИПРОБУВАННЯ СОРТІВ ЯРИХ ЗЕРНОВИХ КУЛЬТУР У ПІВНІЧНОМУ СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, no. 3 (November 4, 2016): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201671.
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Here are presented the results of the analysis of available variety assortment and grain yields of different varieties of spring small cereals: barley, oat, wheat and triticale towards their agroecological genetic flexibility and grain productivity in changing hydrothermal conditions. We marked the varieties, which characterized by high genetic potential of grain yield in a wide range of variation of average air temperatures and conditions of water provision. In the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine in 2011-2015 the high crop yields (3.60-3.64 t/ha) formed varieties of spring barley: Galaktyk, Statok and Vsesvit. Among the oats varieties the best crop yields (3.34-3.46 t/ha) provided Iren and Spurt and it was specified as almost the best barley variety according to this indicator. The Spadschyna and Kharkivs’ka-39 varieites had the best crop yield among the spring wheat (1.74-1.81 t/ha). Spring triticale had the lowest grain yield among spring crops (1,07-1,21 t/ha) due to the low weight of 1000 grains and insufficient grain yield per ear.
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KIANI, Ghaffar, and Ghorbanali NEMATZADEH. "Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies in F2 Populations of Rice." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 4, no. 2 (May 10, 2012): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb427366.
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This study performed to determine the association between grain yield and yield components in fifty-four selected rice genotypes at F2 populations. Results showed that traits, the panicles per plant (r = 0.751) and filled grains per panicle (r = 0.458) correlated significantly with grain yield, while grain yield was negatively associated with non-filled grains per panicle (-0.297). Path coefficient analysis revealed that grain yield was associated with panicles per plant and filled grains per panicle with the direct effects of 0.691 and 0.568, respectively. The greatest indirect effect belonged to panicle length (0.301) through filled grains per panicle. Stepwise regression analysis showed that 72.1 percent of yield variation could be explained by three characters: the panicles per plant, filled grains per panicle and panicle length. Information obtained in this study revealed that traits, the panicles per plant and filled grains per panicle, could be used as selection criteria for grain yield improvement at segregating populations of rice.
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Karjalainen, Reijo. "Yield reduction of spring barley in relation to disease development caused by Rhynchosporium secalis." Agricultural and Food Science 62, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72931.
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Effects of barley scald caused by Rhynchosporium secalis on grain yield were studied in three spring barley cultivars under field conditions using artificial inoculation over three years. The disease strongly reduced the green-leaf area duration compared with fungicide-treated leaves. At low infection level, R. secalis reduced the grain yield of barley by 3—5 %. Moderate and severe infection reduced the grain yields of susceptible cultivars by 10—12 %. Single-tiller analysis of yield components indicated that grain weight and ear weight were most affected, but the number of grains was only insignificantly reduced by the disease. Implications of these results for controlling scald disease in Finland are discussed.
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PERWEEN, SHAHINA, NISAR AKHTAR, KRISHNA PRASAD, SURYA PRAKASH, and EKHAQUE AHMAD. "Correlation Studies of three different F Population 2in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." JOURNAL OF AGRISEARCH 9, no. 03 (September 3, 2021): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21921/jas.v9i03.11004.
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This study was performed to determine the assosiation between seventeen agronomic traits of three Fpopulation viz;Dhanrashi x Wita-12, Dhanrashi x Shyamala and Sahbhagidhan x 2Birsamati in riceat Birsa Agricultural University , Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkand in 2019. Sixteen characters were assessed in this study viz days to flowering, plant height, panicles per plant, panicle length, primary branches per panicle, secondary branches per panicle, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, 100 grain weight, total yield per plant, grain yield per plant, unfilled grains per plant, grains per plant, spikelets per plant, grain length and grain breadth. Results showed that all the characters except days to flowering and 100 grain weight were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield per plant and grains per panicle in all F2 populations. grain yield per plant was negatively and less assosiated with grain length and L/B ratio in both Dhanrashi x Wita-12and Sahbhagidhan x Birsamatiwhere as in Dhanrashi x Shyamalagrain yield is negatively associated with only L/B ratio.
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Rodrigues, Osmar, Julio César Barreneche Lhamby, Agostinho Dirceu Didonet, and José Abramo Marchese. "Fifty years of wheat breeding in Southern Brazil: yield improvement and associated changes." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 6 (June 2007): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007000600008.
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The objective of this study was to assess the impact of genetic breeding on grain yield, and to identify the physiological traits associated to the increment in yield and their related growth processes, for wheat cultivars grown in Southern Brazil, in the past five decades. Seven wheat cultivars released between 1940 and 1992, were compared for physiological aspects associated with grain yield. Grain yield, biological yield, biomass partitioning, harvest index and grain yield components were also determined. The number of grains per square meter was more affected by plant breeding and was better correlated with grain yield (r = 0.94, p<0.01) than with grain weight (r = -0.39ns). The higher number of grains per square meter was better correlated with the number of grains per spike in the modern cultivars than in the older ones. The genetic gain in grain yield was 44.9 kg ha-1 per year, reflecting important efforts of the breeding programs carried out in Southern Brazil. Grain yield changes, during the period of study, were better associated with biomass production (r = 0.78, p<0.01) than with harvest index (r = 0.65, p<0.01).
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BAŞER, İsmet. "Progress in Yield and Yield Attributes of Bread Wheat from 1968 to 2011 in Thrace Region." ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecjasvol6iss2id290.
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In the study, 30 genotypes, including 24 varieties of bread wheat (registered or produced between 1968 and 2011 in the Thrace Region) and 6 local pure lines, were used. Grain yield and some yield attributes such as plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grain per spike, grain weight per spike and harvest index were evaluated in the study. Regarding the data obtained, significant progress has been made in wheat breeding between the years 1960-2011. While plant height, spike length and the number of spikelets per spike decreased, plant grain yield, grain number per spike, thousand grain weight, harvest index and grain yield increased continuously. When the obtained data were evaluated, grain yield was the most important selection criterion in all breeding periods, while the harvest index and the number of grains per spike were determined as important selection characteristics. In recent years, thousand grain weight and spike length are important characters in terms of selection.
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Habib, S. H., K. M. Iftekharuddaula, M. K. Bashar, Khaleda Akter, and M. K. Hossain. "GENETIC VARIATION, CORRELATION AND SELECTION INDICES IN ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 20, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17015.
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Forty advanced breeding lines of rice were studied during T Aman season (rainfed ecosystem) for finding out selection indices, variability and character association for grain yield and its components. All the tested characters were found showing significant variation. The highest genotypic, environmental and phenotypic variances were found in filled grains/panicle followed by plant height. High heritability associated with high genetic advance were obtained in panicles/hill, plant height, filled grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the cases. Panicle length, panicles/hill and filled grains/panicle showed significant positive correlation with grain yield. Path analysis revealed that filled grains/panicle, panicles/hill and 1000-grain weight had positive and highest direct effects on grain yield. Moreover, panicle length had highest indirect effect on grain yield through filled grains/panicle. Discriminant function analysis revealed that a progressive increase in the efficiency of selection was observed with the inclusion of additional character in the selection index. Among the single variable indices, filled grains/panicle showed maximum relative efficiency over the straight selection for grain yield. The highest relative efficiency was observed with index involving seven characters, days to maturity + panicle length + panicles/hill + plant height + filled grains/panicle + 1000-grain weight + yield (t/ha). However, some of 3-traits, 4- traits, 5- traits, and 6- traits indices were also equally good.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17015
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Tsenov, N., T. Gubatov, and I. Yanchev. "Correlations between quantitative traits of winter common wheat-breeding tool for increasing grain yield." Agricultural Science and Technology 13, Volume 13, Issue 2 (June 2021): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2021.02.020.
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Abstract. Information on the relationships between quantitative traits affecting yields is extremely important for winter wheat. For it, the annual genotype*environment interaction is palpable and often masks the influence of individual traits on grain yield. The aim of the study is to determine the traits through the selection of which the grain yield could be significantly increased in the future. The data from three field multifactorial experiments were used (FERT, PGR, ABC), in which a significant influence of various factors (year, point, density, fertilization) on the size and variation of all studied traits was established. In the database thus formed the observed strong variance in the values of the traits is a great prerequisite for the established correlations to be accepted with a high degree of reliability. The mutual influence in the formation of each of the traits is a good basis for their grouping, according to the type of their effect on yield. 1) The characteristics, number of grains per m2 (NGm), grain weight per spike (WGS) and number of productive tillers per m2 (NPT) have a significantly positive effect on grain yield, 2) the weight per 1000 grains (TGW) and number of grains in spike (NGS) are traits that have a direct effect, but it is unstable in manifestation and 3) the traits, as height of stem (HOS), total plant biomass (TBM), and harvest index (HI) do not show a direct effect on grain yields. A significant increase in yield in the breeding of winter wheat can be achieved by increasing the number of grains per unit area (NGm). This is possible while maintaining the achieved level of number of grains in spike (NGS) with a parallel increase of tillering productive ability (NPT). The increase of this trait by selection should be taken into account when reducing the grain size (TGW). This will increase the chance of increasing the number of grains in the spike (NGS), will reduce the weight of the grain per spike (WGS), which in turn will be a prerequisite for optimizing the stability of lodging
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Islam, MS, H. Akter, S. Aktar, MJ Miah, and M. Farazi. "Effect of foliar and soil application of nitrogen on the growth and yield of wheat." Progressive Agriculture 28, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v28i4.36368.
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A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during the period from November 2013 to March 2014 to examine the effect of nitrogen application methods on the growth and yield of wheat. Two application methods (Foliar spray and soil application) and three varieties viz. Sotabdi, Kanchan and BAW56 were included and experimental test crop. From the study it was found that plant height. Total tillers plant-1,effect tillers plant-1,root dry weight plant-1,grains panicle-1, 100 grain weight, grain weight plant-1, straw weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1, and harvest indexwere significantly higher by foliar spray method than the soil application of nitrogen, Higher grain yield (9.01 g plant-1) was observed by the foliar spray application and lower grain yield was 6.07 g plant-1 obtained from the soil application. Among 3 varieties Sotabdi was found to be better yielding ability and produced comparatively higher plant height, total tillers plant-1, effective tillers plant-1,root dry weight plant-1, grains panicle-1, 100 grains weight, grains weight plan-1, straw weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1, in respect of harvest index values. BAW56 was observed as medium performed variety and Kanchan was the least. Regarding interaction effect of the variety Sotabdi also showed the highest plant-1, total tillers plant-1, effective tillers plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, grains panicle-1,100 grains weight, grains weight plant-1, straw weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index by foliar spray. The results indicated that all the varieties gave higher grain yields under foliar spray application method.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 287-294, 2017
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Islam, Shams, Md Al Mamun Or Roshid, Md Shafiqul Islam Sikdar, and Md Sohrab Hossain. "Growth and Yield Performance of Aromatic Fine Rice as Influenced by Varieties and Fertilizer Managements." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32530/jaast.v5i1.6.
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This Research was conducted to investigate the effect of fertilizer management on growth and yield performance of aromatic fine rice varieties. The experiment consisted of two factors were aromatic fine rice and fertilizer management. There were four varieties namely Kalizira, Kataribhog, Tulshimala and BRRI Dhan34 with four fertilizer treatments recommended dose of fertilizers (T1), cowdung @ 10 tha-1 (T2), 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers + 50% cowdung(T3), 75% of recommended dose of fertilizers + 50% cowdung (T4). The result showed that BRRI Dhan 34 significantly superior for effective tillers number/ hill (18.46), panicles length (26.67cm), grains number/ panicle (146.30), harvest index (40.73 %), grain protein content (6.23%), grain yield (2.79 tha-1), straw yield (4.06 tha-1), and biological yield (6.85 tha-1). Among fertilizer management, the highest effective tillers number/hill (16.20), grains number/ panicle (142.45, panicles length (26.66 cm),1000 grain weight (13.75), grain protein content (10.2%), biological yield (6.30), were obtained from T3 treatment. Based on interaction effect showed that the highest effective tillers number/hill (18.36), grains number/ panicle (155.33), panicles length (26.73 cm), grain protein content (10.80%), biological yield (7.85) was found with BRRI Dhan 34 combined with T3 treatment. However, grain yield increased with the increase in nitrogen levels. Together tillers number/hill, grains number/panicle, grain protein content, harvest index, grain yield was the main responsible yield contributing characters to improve the yield quality of aromatic fine rice.
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Dinh Thi Lan, Phuong, Nga Nguyen Thi Hang, and Hoa Nguyen Thanh. "Impact of irrigation techniques on rice yield and dynamics of zinc in plants and soil." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 3 (March 30, 2020): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/660/2019-pse.
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Zinc (Zn) insufficiency and water deficiency are primary challenges in intensive rice production systems. This study aims to examine the influence of two irrigation regimes, flood irrigation (FI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI), on rice grain yield and mobile Zn accumulation in soil and rice grains. Experiments were conducted in An Vien rice fields in the Tien Lu district, Hung Yen province, located in the middle of the Red River delta during four rice seasons from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the WSI regime dramatically increased the grain yield and Zn concentrations in grain of rice. Grain yield was increased by 14.76% and grain Zn concentration by 17.93% when compared with the FI regime. The decrease in the mobile Zn concentration in soil was only 5.7% in the WSI technique, compared with 73.6% for FI techniques. Therefore, it can be concluded that WSI can be effective agricultural practice to elevate grain yield and increase Zn retention in soil and bioavailability in rice grains.
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RIBEIRO, NERINÉIA DALFOLLO, GUILHERME GODOY DOS SANTOS, SANDRA MARIA MAZIERO, and SKARLET DE MARCO STECKLING. "PHENOLOGICAL, PLANT ARCHITECTURE, AND GRAIN YIELD TRAITS ON COMMON BEAN LINES SELECTION." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 3 (July 2018): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n314rc.
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ABSTRACT The development of common bean cultivars with early cycle, upright plant architecture, and high grain yield represents marketing advantages to bean farmers. This study aimed to evaluate whether common bean inbred lines differ for phenological, plant architecture, and grain yield traits; analyze the correlations between these traits; and select early and upright common bean lines with high grain yield. To this end, 14 common bean inbred lines were evaluated in two growing seasons in Santa Maria - RS, Brazil. Common bean inbred lines showed significant differences for all traits, except for insertion of the first pod and length of the fourth and fifth internodes. The four superior common bean lines selected by the multiplicative index were CNFP 10794, CNFC 10762, DF 06-09, and BRS Valente. CNFP 10794 presents earliness (flowering and cycle), upright plant architecture (lower values of general adaptation score, lodging, and stay-green phenotype) and high grain yield (higher values of number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield). Mass of 100 grains showed a positive correlation with grain yield (r= 0.68). The indirect selection using mass of 100 grains is of intermediate efficiency to increase grain yield in common bean. CNFP 10794 presents earliness, upright plant architecture, and high grain yield and will be selected for the breeding program.
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Gorjanovic, Biljana, and Marija Kraljevic-Balalic. "Correlations among yield components in durum wheat." Genetika 38, no. 2 (2006): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0602115g.
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The main reason that makes breeding for the main yield components difficult is that they are in negative correlation with each other. Numerous researchers have studied relations between yield and different yield components in order to find dependable selection criteria. The goal of this paper is to estimate the variability and correlations between yield components. The experiment was conducted on twelve durum wheat genotypes. Plant height was in both years positively correlated with number of spikelets per spike and negatively correlated with spike length. grain weight per spike. number of grains per spike and harvest index. Spike length was positively correlated with grain weight per spike and number of grains per spike. in both years and with harvest index only in the first year. while it was negatively correlated with number of spikelets per spike in the first year. Number of spikelets was in negative correlations with grain weight per spike and number of grains per spike in the first year and with harvest index in both years of investigations. Grain weight per spike was positively correlated with number of grain per spike and harvest index in both years. Number of grains per spike was in positive correlation with harvest index in both years of investigations.
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Biberdzic, Milan, Sasa Barac, Jasmina Janjic, Dragana Lalevic, and Dragoljub Bekovic. "Production characteristics of small grains depending on the application of mineral fertilizers with high content of phosphorus and potassium." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 62, no. 3 (2017): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1703203b.
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The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the application of mineral fertilizers with a high content of phosphorus and potassium on the productive characteristics of some small grains grown on pseudogley soils. The research was carried out in the vicinity of Kraljevo during the period 2011/2013. The experiment included wheat, winter barley and triticale and 3 variants of fertilizers (K ? control; V1 ? N80 P60 K60; V2 ? N80 P80 K80 and V3 ? N80 P100 K100). In addition to grain yield, absolute mass and hectoliter mass were observed. The obtained results were analyzed using the analysis of variance. There were no significant differences in yield, absolute mass and hectoliter mass of the grain between small grains. The use of fertilizers with an increased content of phosphorus and potassium led to a significant increase in grain yield, absolute mass and hectoliter mass of small grains compared to control. Among the variants V1 and V2, and V2 and V3 variants, there were no statistically significant differences in the absolute mass and hectoliter mass of the grain. The average values of grain yield of small grains ranged from 1510 kg ha-1 in the control variant up to 3209 kg ha-1 in the variant with the highest dose of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Significant differences in grain yield were observed between the variants V1 and V2, as well as between the variants V2 and V3. The application of only mineral fertilizers on acid soils leads to relatively low yields.
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ALBAYRAK, Önder, Merve BAYHAN, Remzi ÖZKAN, and Cuma AKINCI. "Evaluation of Yield and Yield Parameters for Advanced Bread Wheat Lines." Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11, no. 1 (June 10, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.55007/dufed.1103067.
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The selection of genotypes suitable for the purpose determined in breeding studies is important for the healthy conduct of the study. At this point, it is essential to characterize the population created. In the study, the morphological characteristics of some advanced bread wheat lines under field conditions were investigated. Plant height (46.73-67.20 cm), spike length (6.47-9.08 cm), number of spikelets per spike (15.20-18.67 pieces/spike), number of grains per spike (27.00-53.43 pieces/spike), grain weight per spike (1.11-1.82 g), thousand grain weight (30.02-42.88 g) and grain yield (134.58-346.33 kg/da) were determined in the study which was carried out in three replications according to the randomized blocks experimental design with two control varieties of 18 bread wheat lines. As a result of the study, it was determined that there are genotypes that stand out especially in terms of ear structure, and DZT-11 and DZT-17 lines are ideal genotypes in terms of ear characteristics and DZT-4 line is the ideal genotypes in terms of highest grain yield.
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Maurya, Subhash Chandra, Akhilesh Mishra, and Naushad khan. "Response of Integrated Crop Management on Growth, Yield Attributes and Grain Yield of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1110.006.
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A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22 at Oilseed Research Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur entitled “Response of integrated crop management on growth, yield attributes and grain yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)”. Result showed that the treatment T8(INM+IWM+IPM) gave the significantly higher grain yield of field pea. The treatment T8 recorded the highest plant height (75.61cm), number of branches (5.67), dry matter production per plant (27.86 g), number of pods per plant (16.65), number of grains per pod (5.56), 100-grain weight (17.10 g), grain yield (2621.65 kg/ha), straw yield(4024.25 kg/ha) and harvest index (39.46 %) in comparison to rest of other treatments. The minimum plant height (62.40 cm), number of branches (3.90), dry matter production per plant (17.80 g), number of pods per plant (10.20), number of grains per pod (3.92), weight of 100-grain (15.09 g), grain yield (1700.72 kg/ha), straw yield 3216.26 kg/ha) and harvest index (34.60 %) was recorded with the control.
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Armstrong, R. D., C. Eagle, and R. Flood. "Improving grain yields on a sodic clay soil in a temperate, medium-rainfall cropping environment." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 5 (2015): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14210.
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Soil constraints are a major limitation to grain production on waterlogging-prone sodic soils in the medium-rainfall zone of southern Australia, and several options have been proposed to overcome these constraints. A field experiment commenced in 1999 to compare the effectiveness of different management strategies, including improved crop nutrition, soil amelioration by using gypsum with or without deep ripping, applying organic matter, using raised beds or delayed sowing on improving the growth and grain yields of four consecutive crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum) in 1999 and 2002, barley (Hordeum vulgare) in 2000, and faba beans (Vicia faba) in 2001. Improving crop nutrition alone generally did not significantly improve grain yields, whereas adding ameliorants such as composted pig bedding–litter or deep ripping + gypsum produced grain yield increases in all crops by up to 48% compared with the control. Similar increases in grain yields were produced when crops were grown on raised beds, even in seasons when growing-season rainfall was well below average. Greatest yield increases were recorded when both raised beds and ameliorants were used (up to 2 t/ha, or 63%). Spring-sown crops consistently produced lower grain yields than the (autumn-sown) control. For the three cereal crops (two wheat and one barley), increases in grain yields resulting from soil amelioration generally were not associated with increased harvest index or kernel size but were associated with greater tiller number and number of grains per m2. For the pulse crop, faba beans, yield increases were associated with greater dry matter production and increased number of grains per m2. All management strategies significantly increased crop nitrogen (N) uptake, although this did not necessarily translate to increased grain protein because of a dilution effect in the highest yielding treatments. Increases in grain yield coincided with improved root growth throughout the profile (up to 140 cm depth). All physical amelioration treatments either reduced the degree of temporary waterlogging, as indicated by shallow piezometers, or improved soil structure, as indicated by reduced cone penetrometer resistance, compared with the control. Reduction in soil exchangeable sodium percentage on this highly sodic clay soil, measured within the first season after implementation, was less clear-cut. Increases in grain yield, however, appeared related to improved N supply rather than greater water use. Large increases in grain yields across a range of seasonal conditions appear possible on these soil types in medium-rainfall environments provided both soil structure and nutrition are improved.
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Kulsum, Ummy, Umakanta Sarker, and Md Rasul. "Genetic variability, heritability and interrelationship in salt-tolerant lines of T. Aman rice." Genetika 54, no. 2 (2022): 761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2202761k.
Full textAbstract:
Twenty salt-tolerant breeding lines of T. Aman rice were studied under field conditions at the experimental farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to estimate the genetic variations in yield and yield-related traits, and their interrelationship and to assess the direct and indirect effects of different yield-related traits on grain yield for the selection of high-yielding T. Aman rice. Twelve characters viz., days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), tillers per hill, panicles per hill, flag leaf length (cm), panicle length (cm), panicle weight (g), filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage, 100-grain weight (g) and grain yield per m2 (kg) were studied. The genotypes differed significantly for all the traits studied indicating the wide range of variations existed across the genotypes. The analysis of variance of all characters studied was highly significant that revealed a wide range of variability among the newly developed 20 salt-tolerant genotypes of T. Aman rice. The genotypes BU1, BU4, BU6, BU7, and BU14 had high grain yields and could be directly selected as high-yielding varieties. Based on all genetic parameters, all the traits could significantly improve the grain yield of salt-tolerant lines of T. Aman rice. The correlation coefficient revealed that the genotype selected based on days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), panicles per hill, flag leaf length (cm), panicle weight (g), filled grains per panicle, and spikelet fertility (%) and 100-grain weight directly would significantly contribute to grain yield of 20 salt-tolerant genotypes of T. Aman rice. However, considering the genotypic correlations and path coefficients, direct selection on the basis of panicles per hill, panicle weight, plant height, flag leaf length, filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility (%), days to flowering, and days to maturity would significantly improve the grain yield of salt-tolerant T. Aman rice genotypes.
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Denis, Bryan Elwich John, Kahiu Ngugi, and J. M. Kimani. "Genotypic Performance of Kenyan Rice Cultivars for Grain Yield and Quality." Journal of Agricultural Studies 10, no. 4 (November 27, 2022): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v10i4.20372.
Full textAbstract:
Rice is the third most important staple food in Kenya after maize and wheat and it is mostly grown by small scale farmers both for food and cash under irrigated and rainfed production systems. In this study, fourteen F 2.3 segregating populations together with their parental lines, were evaluated during the long and short rainy seasons of 2016/2017 at the Mwea Research Station (KALRO) in a randomized complete block design of three replications for grain yield, quality and agronomic traits. There were significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied. Genotypes, Nerica 1, Nerica 2 and Basmati-370 matured earliest, whereas genotype, Basmati-370 gave the highest grain yields in both seasons. The F1 generations of crosses of Dourado x Nerica 3 and Mwur 4 x Nerica 3 had the highest positive Specific Combining Ability (SCA) gene effects for panicle length, days to flowering and grain yield. However in the F 2.3 generations, the progenies of Nerica 2 x Basmati-370 and Nerica 3 x Basmati-370 had the highest grain yields. Generations of Nerica 10 x Mwur 4 crosses, had the longest grains whereas the Basmati-370 genotype had the strongest aroma. Generations of NERICA 3 x Basmati 370 and NERICA 2 x Basmati 370 crosses were of mild aroma, but those of K1-99 x KOMBOKA and NERCA 10 were non aromatic. Grain yield was positively significantly correlated with number of productive tillers, number of filled grains and 1000 grain weight indicating that these traits could serve as secondary selection indices for yield. It is inferred that breeding rice cultivars with improved traits for grain yield, long grain and strong aroma would benefit from the utilization of parental and population germplasm identified in this study, in the pursuit of filling the current rice production deficit in the Kenyan consumer markets.
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SHWETA AHLAWAT, ASHOK K. CHHABRA, R.K.BEHL, O. P. BISHNOI, S. S. BISHT, SAGARI BARAL, and M. L. KHICHAR. "Association analysis among morphological and physiological traits of grain yield in wheat and meteorological parameters." Journal of Agrometeorology 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v14i1.1370.
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In order to identify potential traits determining yield under terminal heat stress during grain filling stages, correlation and path coefficients analyses were conducted to study character associations among 25 morphological and physiological traits in a set of genetically divergent 36 bread wheat genotypes under normal and late sown conditions. Grain yield depicted positive association with grain weight (GW), grains/spike (G/S), biological yield (BY), harvest index (HI) under normal (NS) and late sown (LS) conditions, GGR-3 (grain growth rate at 28 days after anthesis) in LS and negative association with DM (days to maturity) , HU (heat units) and PTU (photothermal unit) in NS and with ChA-1(CHB “a” at anthesis), CHB “a”-1 (total CHB at anthesis) and CHB “a”-2 (total CHB at 28 days after anthesis) in LS. Path coefficient analysis revealed that out of eight characters significantly related to yield under normal sown conditions, PTU, harvest index, biological yield and grains per spike directly affected the grain yield in positive direction. On the basis of strong association with yield and marked direct influence on yield, the numbers of grains are considered to be first order yield components and ought to have top priority in selection under normal sown conditions. Under late sown conditions BY, harvest index (HI), CHB “a”-1 and grain weight had direct positive effect but the grains per spike exhibited negative direct effect despite of the fact that it possessed a positive significant correlation with grain yield. Based on results, it is suggested that high numbers of grains and high grain weight should be given priority for selection of high yielding genotypes in NS and LS, respectively.
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Arshadullah, Muhammad, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, and Arshad Ali. "Sulphur Supply Enhances Wheat Growth and Yield on Saline-Sodic Soil." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 54, no. 3 (December 26, 2011): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.54.3.2011.122.125.
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. The effect of different S levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg S/ha) on growth and ionic concentration of wheat variety Inqlab-91 directly sown on saline-sodic soil (ECe=5.65 dS/m, pH=8.57 and SAR=17.38) was evaluated in a field experiment. Treatments were arranged using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The crop was harvested at maturity, data on tillering, plant height, spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000- grain weight and yields (grain and straw) were recorded. Na, K, Ca and S concentrations in grain and straw were estimated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Tillering, number of grains/spike, 1000- grain weight and grain yield significantly (p :: 0.05) increased by enhancing the S application. Maximum wheat yield (4.66 t/ha) was recorded when S was applied at 75 kg/ha, which was 43% more than the control treatment. Maximum number of tillers/plant (161) and number of grains/spike
(56) were recorded with sulphur applied at 75 kg/ha. Positive correlation (r = 0.85), (r = 0.88) between calcium, potassium and negative correlation (r = -0.84) between grain sodium content and wheat grain yield was recorded. It indicates that presence of significantly higher Ca and K contents of grain receiving S application might possibly help plants to attain more Ca and K and avoided sodium uptake to alleviate salinity/sodicity stress. Economical analysis showed that maximum value cost ratio (5.5:1) was achieved with the application of 25 kg S/ha.
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Wildermuth, GB, RD Tinline, and RB McNamara. "Assessment of yield loss caused by common root rot in wheat cultivars in Queensland." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 1 (1992): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920043.
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The effects of common root rot (CRR) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana on grain yield, number of tillers, number of grains and grain weight of wheat plants were determined in four field experiments. Sites with different soil populations of B. sorokiniana were selected and inoculum of the fungus added to some plots. Disease and yield measurements were made on eight cultivars and lines differing in susceptibility to CRR. Timgalen, Songlen and Hartog were susceptible whereas Kite, 1008 C16, 141-4 and ISWYN 32 were partially resistant to CRR. Grain yield, tiller and grain number, but not grain weight decreased as disease severity increased. Diseased plants had lower tiller numbers than healthy ones and as a consequence a reduced number of grains and grain yield per plant. Five methods were compared for estimating yield loss caused by the disease. Polynomial regression equations for each cultivar between yield and disease rating of sub-crown internodes or multiple regression equations between yield and disease parameters of sub-crown internodes or tiller bases were established. A third method involved the projection of yield losses from one cultivar to other cultivars and in a fourth method yield losses were estimated from actual yields. In addition, an equation Yield loss (%) = 3 46 + 0.23 disease severity) (%) was established in one experiment and used as a fifth method in the other experiments. Yield losses estimated by methods 1 and 2 were similar and higher than those from the other methods. In areas where disease severity is high, methods 1 and 5 appear to be the most suitable for determining yield losses. Losses in a susceptible cultivar, Timgalen, varied between 13.9 and 23.9% whereas those in a partially resistant cultivar, 1008 C16, varied between 6.8 and 13.6%.
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Okuyama, Lauro Akio, Luiz Carlos Federizzi, and José Fernandes Barbosa Neto. "Correlation and path analysis of yield and its components and plant traits in wheat." Ciência Rural 34, no. 6 (December 2004): 1701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000600006.
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This study was aimed to characterize yield components and plant traits related to grain yield. Correlation and path analysis were carried out in wheat genotypes grown under irrigated and non-irrigated field conditions. In the path coefficient analysis, grain yield represented the dependent variable and the number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1, kernel weight, days to anthesis, above-ground biomass m-2 and plant height were the independent ones. In both years, periods without rain occurred from early milk to grain ripening and from flag leaf sheath opening to grain ripening for first and second sowing dates, respectively. Character associations were similar in both water regimes. Grain yield showed positive phenotypic correlation with above-ground biomass, number of spikes m-2 and number of grains per spike. Path analysis revealed positive direct effect and moderate correlation of number of spike m-2 and number of grains per spike with grain yield. These results indicated that the number of spikes m-2 and the number of grains per spike followed by the above-ground biomass were the traits related to higher grain yield, under irrigated and late season water stress conditions.
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Feng, Tao, Yue Xi, Yong-He Zhu, Ning Chai, Xin-Tan Zhang, Yi Jin, Neil C. Turner, and Feng-Min Li. "Reduced Vegetative Growth Increases Grain Yield in Spring Wheat Genotypes in the Dryland Farming Region of North-West China." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040663.
Full textAbstract:
To understand the co-evolution in yield-related traits with the breeding, selection, and introduction of genotypes for increased grain yield, field experiments were carried out at two sites in the western area of the Loess Plateau in China that differed in hydrothermal conditions. Sixteen genotypes of spring wheat introduced and grown over the past 120 years were compared in terms of their yield and yield-related traits. As the grain yield increased, the spike number per unit area and the grain number per spike increased linearly, but the 1000-kernel weight was not correlated with grain yield. In the more recent genotypes, anthesis was initiated significantly earlier, although the length of the period from anthesis to maturity remained unchanged. Water use and the Effective Use of Water (EUW) for aboveground biomass before anthesis and the contribution of pre-anthesis aboveground biomass to grain yield all decreased as grain yield increased. Soil water content at anthesis was negatively correlated with aboveground biomass at anthesis, but positively correlated with grain yield. Conclusively, breeding in spring wheat over the past century has increased the yield of new genotypes by (1) increasing the number of grains per unit area; (2) shortening the period of vegetative growth; (3) decreasing EUW and the soil water use before anthesis; thereby (4) retaining more soil water and increasing biomass accumulation after anthesis. Future spring wheat breeding for this dryland region should determine whether the time for grain filling from anthesis to maturity can be extended to enable greater use of environmental resources and higher yields.
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Waseem, Muhammad, Asghar Ali, Muahammad Ather Nadeem, Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir, Asif Iqbal, and Naveed Iqbal. "An Integrated Nutrient Management Approach for Improving Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 54, no. 2 (August 29, 2011): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.54.2.2011.64.70.
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The study of integrated use of chemical fertiliser and compost showed beneficial effects on growth and yield of maize. Plant height, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per row, number of grains per cob and 1000-grain weight were significantly affected by all the treatments. However, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and grain-pith ratio were significantly affected by compost and chemical fertiliser alone or in certain combinations. The highest grain yield of 7.18 t/ha was obtained with the application of 25% nitrogen from compost + 75% nitrogen from chemical fertiliser.