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Journal articles on the topic 'Grain storage'
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Akila, A., and P. Shalini. "Food grain storage management system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (May 29, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.31.13433.
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Food grain Wastage cripples a country’s economy to a great extent. Food grain wastage is also associated with wastage of water, manpower during agricultural activities and electricity power used in food processing industries. It even causes deforestation. Adequate measures have to be taken to properly store the food grains so that they remain edible. The proposed storage management system uses the sensors to measure the levels of humidity, temperature and ammonia gas which will help us monitor quality of the food grains. The main idea is to identify the quality of the food grains using the sensors such as Temperature, Humidity and Ammonia Gas. The Quality of the food grain is measured using the factors like Humidity, Temperature and Ammonia gas sensors and sent through Wireless Communication to the server and the server makes the decision and alarms about the quality of the food grain to the maintenance people. Food grain Wastage cripples a country’s economy to a great extent. Food grain wastage is also associated with wastage of water, manpower during agricultural activities and electricity power used in food processing industries. It even causes deforestation. Adequate measures have to be taken to properly store the food grains so that they remain edible. The proposed storage management system uses the sensors to measure the levels of humidity, temperature and ammonia gas which will help us monitor quality of the food grains. The standard of identifying the food quality could be improved by using more sensors and can be implemented in the Food Storage Industry.
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Gulshad, Kurbanbaeva, and Askarova Khurshida. "GRAIN AND GRAIN STRUCTURE." American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume04issue03-06.
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High-quality grain cultivation, complete organization of conditions for its collection and storage, break-even liquidation of grain harvest create prerequisites for the growth of the economy of processing enterprises.
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Zhang, Qingchuan, Zihan Li, Wei Dong, Siwei Wei, Yingjie Liu, and Min Zuo. "A Model for Predicting and Grading the Quality of Grain Storage Processes Affected by Microorganisms under Different Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 4120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054120.
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Changes in storage environments have a significant impact on grain quality. Accurate prediction of any quality changes during grain storage in different environments is very important for human health. In this paper, we selected wheat and corn, which are among the three major staple grains, as the target grains whose storage monitoring data cover more than 20 regions, and constructed a grain storage process quality change prediction model, which includes a FEDformer-based grain storage process quality change prediction model and a K-means++-based grain storage process quality change grading evaluation model. We select six factors affecting grain quality as input to achieve effective prediction of grain quality. Then, evaluation indexes were defined in this study, and a grading evaluation model of grain storage process quality was constructed using clustering model with the index prediction results and current values. The experimental results showed that the grain storage process quality change prediction model had the highest prediction accuracy and the lowest prediction error compared with other models.
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Kyrpa, М. Ya. "State and development of grain storage engineering and technologies in Ukraine." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 6, no. 2 (March 2, 2023): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0234.
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Topicality. These researches are due to the grain storage problem, the features of maize grain storage in metal silos under the various environmental factors, as well as more efficient using the material and technical facilities, including the grain storages of new generation. Purpose. To establish the types of grain storage facilities that are most appropriate for storing the yield of different crops, to improve metal silos and maize grain storage technologies. Materials and Methods. During experiments on maize grain storage, we used the metal silo equipped with a system of sensors to measure the temperature in different places of grain heap. We studied two models of grain storages, such as a standard construction (control) and an experimental one thermal isolated with a polyurethane layer. During the storage experiment, grain quality was monitored on grain moisture content, dockage, damage and germination. Results. Different types of grain storage facilities storing main volume of grain harvest were characterized; the technical, economic and technological advantages and disadvantages of grain storage were highlighted; directions for further development are outlined. The features of maize grain storage in the metal silos under influence of external meteorological conditions for 60 day were established. Temperature fluctuations were 7.1–13 °С in grain storage with thermal insulation, 4.5–25.9 °С – without insulation. As a result of significant temperature fluctuations, the grain was moistened by 2.2 %, its acidity increased by 1 degree, germination decreased by 7 %. At the stage of preparation for storage, maize grain should be cleaned to purity of 93–97 % by removing grain impurities. An effective method for this is fractional separation of grain. Conclusions. Thermal insulation of metal silos significantly reduces the negative impact of fluctuations in ambient air temperature, stabilizes the storage mode, and ensures high quality maize grain. The stability of grain during storage increases in the case of selection from it a fraction of grain of small, unfilled, with a low 1000 grain weight. Key words: types of grain storage facilities, metal silo, thermal insulation, maize, quality, cleaning grain before storage
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Kwiatkowski, Cezary A. "THE CONTENT OF SOME TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY COMPONENTS AND MYCOTOXINS IN GRAIN OF FOUR CULTIVARS OF SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON GRAIN STORAGE TIME AFTER HARVEST." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 56, no. 03 (July 1, 2019): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/19.7518.
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of three grain storage times and the cultivar factor on some parameters used in commodity analysis of spring wheat grains. A field experiment was conducted in Czeslawice (Poland) using the split-plot method in 3 replicates in 27 m2 plots. This paper presents the effect of storage time (3, 15, 27 months) of grain of four spring wheat cultivars (‘Korynta’, ‘Monsun’, ‘Tybalt’, ‘Zadra’) on some technological quality characteristics. After harvest, the grains were dried to the moisture content 14% and subsequently stockpiled in a warehouse. It was observed that grains can be stored for a period of even two years with no risk if all the grain storage rules are followed. Short- and long-term grain storage (3-27 months) resulted in satisfactory values of the grain quality characteristics like grain moisture, protein content, and grain hardness index. The storage of grain did not affect negatively grain contamination with mycotoxins. No significant differences were observed in the response of the cultivars studied (grain moisture content, protein content, grain hardness index) to grain storage time. Significant differences among the cultivars were observed in the grain hardness index after 3-month storage. It was also noted that the cultivars ‘Korynta’ and ‘Tybalt’ were characterized by lower susceptibility to contamination with mycotoxins than cvs. ‘Zadra’ and ‘Monsun’. The results obtained in this study are a good indicator for cereal producers who store grains for a period of even two years, thus becoming independent of changing price conditions in the cereals market and the changing demand for and supply of animal feed and bread grain across other countries.
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Arthur, E., JO Akowuah, and G. Obeng-Akrofi. "Assessment of the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag for maize storage in Ghana." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 111 (September 15, 2022): 20596–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.111.22055.
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Despite the recent introduction of improved grain storage methods and technologies, many smallholder maize farmers in Ghana still use traditional storage practices and structures for storing their maize grains after harvest. This practice contributes to the high post-harvest losses in maize grain at the smallholder level largely due to insect pest infestation. Hermetic bag storage is a proven technology effective in reducing grain damage and losses from insect pests. In this study, the efficacy of the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag was compared with a polypropylene (PP) bag stored with maize treated with Betallic Super EC chemical and PP bag stored with maize without Betallic treatment (Control) during a 6-month storage period. Data on grain moisture content (MC), number of live insects, insect damaged kernels (IDK) and maize weight loss were collected monthly for analysis. Grain viability and nutrient analysis were also conducted before and after storage. The results showed initial grain moisture content of 11.4% was not significantly affected in the PICS bags but increased by 1-2% in the PP bags. Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags and Betallic treatment significantly reduced insect damage grains with mean weight loss of < 5% and 6.35 % respectively compared to the control (PP bag without Betallic) treatment with mean weight loss of 21 % over the 6-month storage period. Germination rate of sampled seeds after storage in the PICS bags (75 %) was not significantly different to the initial germination rate (78 %) compared to the control (PP bag without Betallic) treatment of 56 %. Overall, maize grains stored in the PICS bags showed no signs of deterioration as compared to grains in the PP bags. The PICS bags were superior to the PP bags in terms of other grain quality metrics assessed and the nutrient characterization such as protein and carbohydrate which had no significant difference (p<0.05) between the initial and the three treatments. The results showed that PICS bags can be effective in protecting maize grains during storage. Smallholder farmers are therefore encouraged to consider this technology especially for controlling insect pests of stored maize. Key words: Insect pests, Polypropylene, Smallholder farmers, Purdue Improved Crop Storage bag
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Turatbekova, Aidai, Tokhir Kuramboev, Olimaxon Ergasheva, Nasiba Kayumova, Aziz Babayev, Shahzod Jumanazarov, and Umida Tasheva. "Study on physiobiological features of grain and contemporary storage methods." E3S Web of Conferences 497 (2024): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449703022.
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Grains are an important food that provides important nutrients. Due to the seasonality of grain crops, humanity has always looked for options for preserving grain. Proper grain storage is critical to maintaining grain quality, preventing spoilage and ensuring food security. The centuries-old experience of farmers shows that grain storage is a complex process that requires careful planning and management. Proper grain storage has several benefits. First, it helps prevent crop losses due to spoilage, pests and diseases. Secondly, it preserves the quality of the grain, ensuring its suitability for human and animal consumption. Thirdly, it allows you to regulate the supply of grain throughout the year, ensuring its availability even during periods of low harvest. As science and technology have advanced, new, efficient, and cost-effective techniques for storing grains have been put forth. Nevertheless, the issue of product quantity and quality safety during storage remains pertinent. This page gives a general overview of the different ways that grains can be stored, such as in warehouses, silos, and polyethylene sleeves. Each approach is discussed together with its benefits and drawbacks. Gaining an understanding of these procedures would enable stakeholders to design efficient storage plans and make well-informed decisions to guarantee grain supply and quality.
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Milanko, Verica, Dusan Gavanski, and Mirjana Laban. "Analysis of the effects of storage conditions on the preservation of soybean quality and the prevention of the self-heating process and the occurrence of fires." Chemical Industry 66, no. 4 (2012): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind110808111m.
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After harvest, oilseed raw materials must be stored for a longer or shorter period of time before further processing. The task of storage is the safekeeping of the stored material with a minimal loss in quality. In order to preserve wet grain until processing, it is necessary to provide proper storage conditions. For this purpose, storage in the atmosphere of inert gases as well as storage in hermetically closed storages is applied. Such method is uncommon for oil cultures in domestic practice. Experimental research, analyzed in this paper, with emphasis on the effects of storage conditions on the preservation of soybean grain quality and the prevention of possibilities of the occurrence of the self-heating and self-ignition process, confirms the advantages of application of such method of storage for soybean grain. Soybean with the moisture content of 10.99% and 16.96% is stored in steel semi-industrial silo cells with carbon-dioxide atmosphere, and in hermetically sealed cell. The changes in temperature in the silo cells, changes in moisture content and discoloration of the soybean grains, as well as the amount of oil and protein in the grain were monitored during the experiment. The quality of the oil in grain was determined through the content of free fatty acids. The results of the research showed that, during longer period of time (216 days), the quality of the soybean grain in the sample with higher moisture content (16,96%) was preserved when storage was performed in carbon dioxide atmosphere. The storage of wet grain in a hermetically closed cell, in relation to the grain kept in carbon dioxide atmosphere, did not record significant differences in the examined indicators. Since the storage under controlled conditions did not result in the development of processes that would lead to the spontaneous heating of the soybean mass, the recommendation is to introduce such storage method for oilseed raw materials into domestic practice, with the additional aim of increasing the degree of protection against fire and explosions.
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Pattanaik, B. B., and R. K. Tripathi. "Grain storage research: handling and storage of food grains in India." Indian Journal of Entomology 78, special (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2016.00021.3.
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Ziegler, Valmor, Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira, Jorge Tiago Schwanz Goebel, Alvaro Batista, Daiane Kroning, and Moacir Cardoso Elias. "Effects of storage temperature on the technological and sensory properties of integral rice with pericarp brown, black and red." Brazilian Journal of Food Research 7, no. 3 (September 19, 2016): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/rebrapa.v7n3.4013.
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Rice storage is essential to meet the demand of processing industries and consumers. Thus, the objective with the study was to evaluate the effects of time and temperature storage whole grain rice grain with brown pericarp, black, and red on the percentage stained, sour, and yellow, colorimetric profile, gravimetric and volumetric yields and sensory parameters. Whole rice grains with brown, black, and red pericarp were stored in 13% at temperatures of 16, 24, 32, and 40 °C for 6 months. After 6 months of storage at 40 °C, the larger increments of yellow grains is observed, which reduces the typification of the grains, reducing the L* value, and increases the values of a* and b* for grains with brown and black pericarp and reducing L*, a* and b* for the grain pericarp red. Brown grain pericarp stored at 40 °C showed increases in the gravimetric and volumetric yield and grain with red pericarp showed an increase in volumetric yield in storage at 40 °C, compared to the beginning of storage. The firmness parameters, flavor, acceptance, and purchase intent, had the best ratings in grains with brown and red pericarp, stored at 24 °C. In general, the storage of whole rice grains in the temperature range between 16 and 24 °C is what provides the smallest changes of the parameters evaluated.
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Umurzakova, Shokhsanam, and Zilolaxon To’lanova. "THE QUALITY OF WHEAT GRAINS AND THE PROCESS THAT AFFECTS THEIR STORAGE." American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 02, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/volume02issue05-03.
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In this article, the quality of wheat grains and the factors influencing the process of their storage, ie, the yield of grains is reduced due to cochlear disease, and a sharp deterioration in product quality and objective and correct physical, technological and biochemical properties of grain. The form of production of quality flour as a result of the assessment, its uniqueness, the correct organization and implementation of technological processes of cleaning, preparation and grinding of grain. The purpose of our research is to study the status and modernization of the project of JSC "Ferganadonmahsulotlari", the modernization of advanced production and existing grain cleaning technologies, the physical and chemical properties of local varieties of wheat. One of the main directions in improving the technology of flour production is the creation of an enterprise where grain is efficiently cleaned, moistened and well prepared for grinding, while consuming less electricity.
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Tefera, Tadele, Addis Teshome, and Charles Singano. "Effectiveness of Improved Hermetic Storage Structures Against Maize Storage Insect Pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 8 (July 10, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n8p100.
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A study was conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of two improved hermetic storage structures against two maize storage pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus at Liwufu Research Station, Malawi. The storages were metal silo and hermetic bag; Actellic super dust was included as a control. The treatments (storages) were replicated four times under natural and artificial infestations. Grain stored in metal silo had the lowest mean percentage weight loss, 1.04% to 1.25%, 12 months after storage followed by hermetic bag, 2.46% to 6.64%. Grain treated with Actellic super had the highest weight loss, 4.86% to 18.72%. The study showed that hermetic storage structures can be promoted as effective alternative non-chemical methods of grain storage for small holder farmers in Malawi.
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SK Jain, K Sivadasan, SN Murty, and AK Rail. "A personal computer-based monitoring system for safe grain storage." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 37, no. 02 (June 30, 2000): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2000372.0924.
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Temperature and moisture are the two important parameters which affect the growth of insects, fungi and micro-organisms in stored grains. The present paper describes the construction of suitable sensors for on-line monitoring of grain moisture and grain temperature inside the storage structures. A personal computer based system consisting of 13 channels has been developed for monitoring grain temperature and grain moisture at different locations within a storage structure together with ambient temperature. On the basis of the parameters monitored, the system evaluates the status of storage and displays whether the storage is safe or not.
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Rucins, Adolfs, Evita Straumite, Dainis Viesturs, and Alberts Kristins. "STUDIES OF THE POSSIBILITIES TO USE OZONE FOR THE GRAIN STORAGE." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 16, 2021): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol3.6519.
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In this study was impact of ozone treatment efficiency of wheat quality (physical-chemical and microbiological parameters, chemical composition and germination rate) during storage analysed. Ozone is a powerful oxidizer, used in processing the agricultural products, including inactivation of pathogens and microorganisms.Investigations in the grain storage by using ozone were performed under farm conditions during two grain storage stages. The first stage – August 2019 – February 2020 and the second stage August 2020 – January 2021. In both stages after harvesting winter wheat yield was 6 t ha-1. Winter wheat was ventilated and then stored for about five months in two identical 20 m3 tanks, with an initial grain layer height of 5.1 m and moisture content the first stage of about 14% and the second stage of about 11% and initial grain mass 17.4 t.At the beginning of the storage period the grain in both tanks was ventilated for 8 hours - in one grain storage tank with the outdoor air, in the other with an ozone supply of 28 mg (m3)-1 in the ventilation air. The grain ventilation and storage process was monitored with a specially designed sensor system; the additional parameters of the process (the grain moisture content, temperature, the ozone concentration) were periodically controlled with hand tools. There were analysed changes of the grain parameters during the storage periods in the ozone-supplied tank and in the tank without ozone treatment.The microbiological contamination during storage did not exceed the allowed level; however it was lower in the ozone treated wheat grain than in the ozone untreated grain. The ozone treatment did not affect the grain quality parameters. The grain germination rate for 3 and 5 days of the ozone treated grain was about 20% higher than that of the untreated grain. During storage, microbiological contamination did not exceed the permissible level, but ozone treated grains were lower than those of untreated, grain quality indicators were not affected by ozone treatment, germination of ozone treated grains was about 20% higher than untreated, baking properties were not affected by ozone treatment. The treatment of grain with ozone makes stored grain more expensive approximately 5.00 EUR per ton, due to additional technical equipment required to ensure the ozone treatment process. One can conclude from the attained results that processing the restored grain under the conditions mentioned reduces the grain microbiological contamination; it does not affect the grain quality parameters and baking properties; it slightly improves the grain germination rate and has no impact upon the shell of the grain.
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Kuzmanov, D., and N. Dimitrov. "Forecasting the necessity of grain fumigation during storage." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 3 (July 27, 2009): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2654-cjfs.
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According to the simulation models composed for the population growth and feeding damage of the insects: <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> (L.), <i>Sitophilus granarius</i> (L.) and <i>Rhizopertha dominica</i> (F.) the populations densities have been determined at which the grain fumigation costs at using phosphorus hydrogen preparations equal the damage values caused by insects. The necessity of fumigation can be forecasted, according to the population growth time up to these limits. For this purpose, simulation models at temperatures of 21, 24, 27, and 30°C have been used. The products of time and temperature should be calculated at different temperatures and compared according to the simulation results and forecast temperature values during grain storage in particular granary. The action thresholds have been determined according to the models, at which fumigation should be carried out so that no economical losses or quality deterioration of grain be admitted. The results forecast have also been confirmed by freshly harvested wheat storage in a flat storehouse and a metal silo bin. It has been established that grain fumigation can be avoided if grain is stored in flat storehouses and cooled down by ventilation.
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Likhayo, Paddy, Anani Y. Bruce, Tadele Tefera, and Jones Mueke. "Maize Grain Stored in Hermetic Bags: Effect of Moisture and Pest Infestation on Grain Quality." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (November 4, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2515698.
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Maize (Zea mays) is an important staple food crop produced by the majority of smallholder farmers that provides household food security through direct consumption and income generation. However, postharvest grain losses caused by insect pests during storage pose a major constraint to household food security. Hermetic storage technology is an alternative method that minimises postharvest losses by depleting oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide levels within the storage container through metabolic respiration of the grains, insects, and microorganism. Maize grain was stored for 180 days in hermetic bags or open-weave polypropylene bags to compare quality preservation when subject to initial grain moisture contents of 12, 14, 16, and 18 percent and infestation by Sitophilus zeamais. The moisture content of grain in hermetic bags remained unchanged while in polypropylene bags decreased. Dry grains (12% moisture content) stored well in hermetic bags and suffered 1.2% weight loss while for equivalent grains in polypropylene bags the weight loss was 35.8%. Moist grains (18% moisture content) recorded the lowest insect density (7 adults/kg grain) in hermetic bags while polypropylene bags had the highest (1273 adults/kg grain). Hermetic and polypropylene bags recorded the lowest (0–4 adults/kg grain) and highest (16–41 adults/kg grain) Prostephanus truncatus population, respectively. Discoloured grains were 4, 6, and 12 times more in grains at 14, 16, and 18 than 12 percent moisture content in hermetic bags. Grains at 18% moisture content recorded significantly lower oxygen (10.2%) and higher carbon dioxide (18.9%) levels. Holes made by P. truncatus in the hermetic bags were observed. In conclusion, storage of moist grains (14–18% moisture content) in hermetic bags may pose health risk due to grain discolouration caused by fungal growth that produces mycotoxins if the grains enter the food chain. The study was on only one site which was hot and dry and further investigation under cool, hot, and humid conditions is required.
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Ikromovich, Mamatojiev Sharip, Mirzaeva Mutabar Azamovna, and Xadyatullaeva Nafisa Abdusamadovna. "Factors Affecting Grain Storage Processes On Quality Indicators." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue12-09.
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In practice, the durability of the combine harvester is of great importance because during this period the seeds acquire a conditioning character during cultivation and meet the requirements of state standards for sowing quality. Technological longevity is a term in which baking, fodder or technical properties must be preserved during the grain harvesting period. For cereal or polluting mixtures in accordance with current standards, seeds of wild plants and some cultivated plants that belong to them breathe during storage, they undergo the last ripening processes from the collection and bruising under certain conditions. These include all the patterns and features inherent in the main type of culture that makes up the grain mass.
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Issa, Salah F., Daniel Gaither, Mian Muhammad Sajid Raza, John Lee, and William E. Field. "Removing Out-of-Condition Grain: An Exploration and Documentation of Existing Strategies." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 28, no. 4 (2022): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.14897.
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HighlightsDifferent approaches used to handle out-of-condition grain can be split into three broad categories: outfitting, outside, and inside the bin.A total of 21 strategies to handle out-of-condition grain are documented in this article.Outside the bin strategies are split into four categories: grain handling solutions, rodding, force-based solutions, and alternate grain extraction methods.Abstract. Grain entrapments remain a major concern in the grain storage and handling industry. Even with the adoption of safer technology, enhanced enforcement of OSHA regulations, and considerable investment in training and outreach efforts, grain entrapments continue to occur in significant numbers. The most significant contributing factor to grain entrapment is the presence of out-of-condition grain. A better understanding of existing strategies employed to remove out-of-condition grain from storage is important to provide evidence-based solutions to reduce the perceived need to enter grain storage structures and the grain entrapment associated with this activity. A review of existing strategies for handling out-of-condition grain used previously by farmers and workers with experience in grain storage facilities was conducted. Training programs, extension resources, and published research were reviewed to document existing strategies to remove out-of-condition grain. These strategies were split into three broad categories: outfitting the bin, outside of the bin, and inside the bin. A total of 21 strategies were documented. Each of the strategies was defined and, where possible, the risks and benefits were discussed. The study highlights the importance of researching the safety and effectiveness of each of these strategies in various out-of-condition grain situations and the lack of available knowledge of the effectiveness of each strategy. Keywords: Engulfment, Entrapment, Inside the bin strategies, Outfitting the bin strategies, Out-of-condition grains, Outside the bin strategies, Spoiled grains, Storage.
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Cao, Din Gai, Xia Liu, and Xi Hong Li. "Effect of Paddy Hermetic Plastic Tent MAP on Free Fatty Acid Property of Rice during Storage." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.227.
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In this work, effect of big paddy hermetic tent (BPHT) modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of 0.5mm PE and traditional MAP using 0.05mmPE on free fatty acid property were investigated. The results showed that BPHT, which were charged 5% O2 and 5% CO2, was the optimal storage condition to preserve rice grain fresh. Little O2 decreasing and CO2 increasingwere generated in traditional MAP other than fruits and vegetables, because grain respiration rate were low relatively. After five moths storage of rice grain, BPHT storage inhibited the free fatty acid content increasing and lox enzyme activity. BPHT storage with atmosphere charging at storage beginning was the distinctly energy conservation storage method for grains.
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SULZER. "Refrigerated grain storage units." International Journal of Refrigeration 10, no. 3 (May 1987): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-7007(87)90017-x.
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Timakova, Roza, Iuliia Iliukhina, and Ruslan Iliukhin. "Practical Applicability of Radiation Technologies in Food Systems." BIO Web of Conferences 57 (2023): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235702007.
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While achieving the food security, the use of radiation technologies for the processing of food wheat grains is distinguished by its practical significance. The use of inactivating (1-5 kGy) and sterilizing (25 kGy) doses of gamma radiation shall ensure the biosafety of radiation-treated grain. Changes in the main signs of freshness (color, odor) after treatment with different doses of ionizing radiation and during storage for up to 30 days have not been established. Varietal (species) grain purity of “Ekaterina” soft spring wheat is 99.7%, its grain purity is 99.93%. As a result of the research, a decrease in grain moisture content by 0.02-0.83% has been found compared to non-irradiated wheat grain at the stage of setting up for the experiment, after 15 days of storage – by 0.15-1.02%, and after 30 days of storage – by 0.44-1.40%, respectively; there is a significant decrease in the grain microflora established by the quantitative parameters of QMAFAnM and fungal microbiota, which makes it possible to establish the positive effect of using gamma radiation to improve the storage capacity of food grains in food systems. Research work needs to be continued in matters of nutritional value assessment.
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Haile, Tesfaye Duguma. "Indigenous Knowledge of Farmer on Grain Storage and Management Practice in Ethiopia." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 5, no. 4 (July 24, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000224.
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Maize is the primary staple crop grown, nearly in all agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia. Despite the steady production of maize, post-harvest losses of maize remained a serious challenge. In Ethiopia, traditionally farmers use different storages structure for their grain. Gombisa is one of above ground storage structure used by most of farmers. However, those traditional storage structures were not effective in protecting the grain from insect, microbial infestation and environmental factors. Farmers have indigenous knowledge of storage management practices to cop up with this post-harvest loss. The traditional wisdom and methods of storage can protect commodities from insect infestation for substantially longer periods. Among the farmers’ practices; sun drying, use of botanicals, hanging over fire, mixing with wood ash, mixing with partially ground chillies (hot pepper), and storing unshelled maize were some of the storage practice proven effective in minimizing storage infestation. Some of these practices were also effective in controlling mould development that leads to the occurrence of aflatoxin. This review suggested that, modifying traditional storage structure and providing improved storage systems that are affordable for smallholder farmers, could be a possible option to mitigate post-harvest loss.
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Scott, T. A., and A. B. Pierce. "The effect of storage of cereal grain and enzyme supplementation on measurements of AME and broiler chick performance." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-061.
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There is a concern that feeding newly harvested cereal grain results in poor performance in poultry. A broiler chick apparent metabolizable energy (AME) bioassay was used to measure changes in feeding value of wheat (n = 14), hulless (n = 10) and hulled (n = 14) barley with or without a commercial enzyme appropriate for wheat- or barley-based diets. In the broiler chick bioassay, four pens of six male broiler chicks were fed ad lib, from 4 to 17 d, diets containing 80% of a test cereal grain and a high-protein basal mixture containing 1% “celite” as an acid-insoluble ash marker. Each of the cereal-grain-based diets, with or without enzyme, was tested within 3 mo of harvest and again 6 mo later. With cereal grain storage there were consistent (P < 0.05) increases in feed intake (FI) between 4 and 17 d and body weight (BW) at 17 d of age with wheat-based diets fed wit h (12.5 and 16.9%, respectively, for FI and BW) or without (16.1 and 22.7%) enzyme. In hulless barley diets without enzyme, there was a significant improvement in BW (7.5%) with storage, while storage had a significant effect on FI and BW (2.9 and 6.3%, respectively) when fed with enzyme. For all other barley diets there was a positive effect of storage on FI and BW, but it was not significant. Feed conversion ratios decreased marginally (P > 0.05) with storage of cereal grain. AME of diets was improved within each period by enzyme supplementation. However, there were measurable decreases (P < 0.05) in AME with storage of cereal grains for the three cereal grains with enzyme supplementation (ranging from –3.2 to –8.2%). The r2 of the above measurements for the different sources of cereal grain between storage periods ranged from 0.65 to 0.94, indicating that the relative ranking of the cereal grains, with respect to feeding value, remained similar during storage. Increases in FI with storage were not significantly related to the attempts of the broiler chicks, to maintain metabolizable energy (ME) intake. Therefore, this increases our concerns that “factors” in newly harvested cereal grains may exist and that they may limit voluntary feed intake and/or growth. Key words: Cereal grain storage, AME, broiler performance, wheat, barley
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Dilip Jain and R.T. Patil. "Modelling of Thermal Environment in Covered and Plinth Storage of Wheat as Effect of Colour of Plastic Sheet." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 49, no. 1 (February 19, 2024): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2012491.1466.
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Traditional temporary storage methods used for crops are Cover-and-plinth (CAP), flexible silos, pit storage and bunker storage. The CAP is commonly adopted in India for storage of bumper crops. In India, about 16.8 Mt of wheat grains are stored in CAP storage due to insufficient indoor storage facilities. Black coloured plastic covers (250 micron) are used for CAP storage structures, which are exposed to open sun, get heated up due to characteristics of black colour resulting in build up of higher temperature of air surrounding the grain and higher grain temperatures. A solar energy based thermal model was developed for predicting wheat grain temperature while stored in CAP. The model was solved for the climatic conditions representing northern India (Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh). Around 10 to 12°C rise in yearly grain temperature from mean monthly ambient temperature could be observed with black cover. The model was validated with the two months of experimental data of CAP storage with black cover, which showed fair agreement with the experimental values. A white colour plastic cover was proposed with simulated results indicating to reduce the grain temperature by 6 to 8 oC.
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Priyadarsani, Supriya, Asit Kumar Pradhan, and Prakash Chandra Jena. "Smart food grain storage system using Internet of Things (IoT): A Review." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 60, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.1.
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India is one of the largest producers of food grains in the world. The country has a diverse agricultural sector that produces a wide range of crops, including rice, wheat, maize, pulses (such as lentils and chickpeas), and oilseeds. Rice and wheat are considered essential for ensuring food security in India. India has an extensive network of food grain storage infrastructure to cater to its significant agricultural production. The storage infrastructure in India is primarily managed by the Food Corporation of India (FCI), state government agencies, and private sector entities. Some of food grain storage infrastructure in India are warehouses, covered storage structures (silos), mandi storage facilities (temporarily store grains) and strategic reserve (buffer stock for food security). Private sector entities are increasingly investing in the modern storage facilities including temperature-controlled warehouses and automated storage systems, to improve storage capacity and reduce post-harvest losses. India faces challenges in effectively managing and maintaining the quality of stored food grains. Issues such as inadequate storage capacity, insufficient maintenance, lack of proper pest control measures, and logistical constraints contribute to post-harvest losses. The government and other stakeholders are continuously working on improving storage infrastructure and implementing technological solutions to address these challenges that tiggers for spoilage, mold growth, insect infestation and excessive drying. The real time monitoring and controlling of these factor during the storage period is a cumbersome task and needs advanced techniques. In this aspect Internet of Things (IoT) offers numerous benefits to food grain storage systems including real-time monitoring, early warning systems, optimal environmental conditioning, energy efficiency, inventory management, traceability and predictive analytics. By leveraging IoT technology, the industry can improve storage practices, reduce losses, ensure food safety, and enhance the overall efficiency of grain storage operations.
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Kandel, Pragya, Kabita Kharel, Anastasia Njoroge, Bradley W. Smith, Jorge R. Díaz-Valderrama, Ram H. Timilsina, Gokul P. Paudel, and Dieudonne Baributsa. "On-Farm Grain Storage and Challenges in Bagmati Province, Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147959.
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Farmers in Nepal lose up to one-third of stored grain to pests and diseases. This results in food insecurity and loss of income. To mitigate these losses, farmers use several approaches including pesticide applications on stored grains. We interviewed 241 farmers in Bagmati Province, Nepal, to assess the current on-farm grain storage practices and challenges to improve postharvest management. The results show that rice was the most stored crop (median 1150 kg). About half of farmers stored for at least nine months and grain was mainly used for home consumption. Grain was stored by 66.5 and 69.8% of farmers in granaries (rice) and plastic drums (legumes), respectively. Insects were the most important challenge during storage, and farmers used pesticides to control them. Farmers were more likely to use insecticide on grain (p = 0.000) if they stored rice, used traditional granaries, and had insect damage during storage. The use of improved storage methods (e.g., hermetic bags) was very low for rice (3.5%). There is a need to improve on-farm grain storage by disseminating storage innovations to address postharvest challenges in important crops such as rice.
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Shlomo Navarro. "Advanced Grain Storage Methods for Quality Preservation and Insect Control Based on Aerated or Hermetic Storage and IPM." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 49, no. 1 (February 19, 2024): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2012491.1463.
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The grain industry is facing serious problems of insect and mite contamination due to restrictions placed on the use of chemical pesticides because of adverse effects of pesticide residues in grain and environment, resulting in strict limitations on pesticide registration by regulatory agencies. Consumer demand for chemical-free and insect contamination-free products is a general tendency, with which the grain industry finds it difficult to conform. In addition, in many countries, insects in particular have been developing resistance to contact insecticides and to the conventionally used phosphine gas. In temperate and cold climates, the most common non-chemical alternative to pesticides for cereal grain stored in bulk is the use of aeration systems during the winter that can effectively reduce grain temperature. In summer, refrigeration provides an excellent solution for quality maintenance of grain. In warm climates, for cereal grain stored in bags or in bulk, a new gaseous application technology that has successfully replaced fumigants is the manipulation of modified atmospheres (MAs) using biogenerated MAs, for insect control and for quality preservation of dry cereal grains and high moisture corn. Freshly harvested high moisture corn was successfully stored under hermetic conditions, thereby maintaining its quality prior to subsequent drying or processing into feeds or ethanol. These niche applications of MAs have resulted in very promising treatments with market acceptability. A new approach to the use of pheromones is the monitoring of insects based on remote sensing electronic transmitters that are progressively integrated into control programs. An IPM program that might integrate insect monitoring, aeration in winter, chilling with refrigerated air in summer in grain silos, biogenerated MAs, for insect control and for quality preservation of grain, and assisted MAs during storage of grain and at the final stages of the processed grain before packaging is proposed.
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Rasi, Jose Roberto, Mario Mollo Neto, and Roberto Bernardo. "Bibliographic prospecting for dryeration process system evaluation in the face of the conventional grain drying." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss1.2914.
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The increase in grain production causes a significant increase in the demand for suitable places to receive and store these products for a more extended time and preserve the harvested grains' properties. The drying system in the storage units has become the bottleneck for grain reception. One solution to reduce bottlenecks in the reception of grain storage units is adopting the dry-aeration operation. This work aims to present a bibliographic review of grain drying and the drying system called dryeration, based on prospecting in textual and referential databases of good factors and impact. The use of the dryeration system allows to increase the flow in the reception of the storage units, which, compared with conventional drying methods, generates an increase of over 50% in the capacity of the dryer, reduces energy consumption by up to 30%, removing up to 2% additional grain moisture and provides grains less susceptible to cracking and breaking.
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Katrii, V. B., K. V. Lystvan, B. V. Morgun, N. V. Sandetska, and L. H. Velykozhon. "Changes of antioxidant activity during storage of wheat grains with different colours." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 18, no. 1-2 (January 29, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.18.1-2.1352.
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Aim. Evaluate the change in antioxidant activity (AOA) during one-month storage period of flour and grist obtained by grinding wheat grains with different colours: white, red and purple. Wheat grain contains components with antioxidant activity. Over time AOA may be changed that is why it is important to investigate the dynamics of AOA changes in wheat samples with different grind flour and whole grain grist. Methods. The level of antioxidant activity of wheat flour spirituous extract and grist was determined based on their capacity to neutralize stable free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results. Changes in level of antioxidant activity of cultivar «Bilyava» – white grain, «Kuyalnik» – red and «Chernozerna» – purple grain were investigated. Conclusions. Asymmetric distribution of components with antioxidant properties in wheat grains was observed. The purple grain cultivar demonstrated highest antioxidant activity the while white grain cultivar showed lowest antioxidant activity.Keywords: colored grain, antioxidant activity, flour, grist.
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Chiputula, Jonathan P., Ray A. Bucklin, and Ann R. Blount. "Effect of Moisture Content on Coefficients of Friction between Triticale and Galvanized Steel." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 3 (2018): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12575.
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Abstract. Grain physical properties such as coefficients of friction are required to design harvesting, cleaning, and handing equipment, and storage structures. The objective of this study was to measure coefficients of friction between triticale grain and galvanized steel at grain pressures and velocities typical of those seen when filling and emptying storage bins and hoppers. Coefficients of friction were measured using an apparatus consisting of a box with openings so that a galvanized steel blade could be pulled through a sample of grain. The forces required to pulling the blades through the grain were measured for three different moisture contents [8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis(wb)] and three different normal pressures (6.9, 10.3, and 13.8 kPa). The velocity of the blade being pulled through grain was kept constant at 50 mm/min for all pressures and moisture contents. Keywords: Grain bin, Grain pressure, Grain storage.Coefficients of friction were found to be statistically significantly dependent (p <0.0001) on moisture contents of triticale grain and were not statistically significantly influenced (p=0.149) by normal pressures. Coefficients of friction increased with increasing moisture content as has been observed in similar studies for grains including corn, wheat and soybeans. These results provide guidance for selecting physical properties for design of storage structures for triticale. Keywords: Grain bin, Grain pressure, Grain storage.
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Da Silva Berti, Mariana Pina, André Felippe Monteiro Guimaraes, Natalia Arruda, and Christian Luis Ferreira Berti. "DEFICIT IN STATIC GRAIN STORAGE CAPACITY IN THE STATE OF GOIÁS IN THE 2016/17 HARVEST." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 7, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v7i1.3124.
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The Central-West region has been highlighted as the largest agricultural center in the country, accounting for 42% of national grain production. Goiás State represented an amount of 18.9 million tons in the last harvest. Despite the large production, a problem which affects the negotiations and the quality of the harvested grains is storage. A static capacity of 20% higher than grain production is recommended. The objective of this work was to evaluate the storage capacity of grains in the State of Goiás and their respective mesoregions using a comparison with the agricultural production of the Center-West region. The deficit in the static storage capacity of grain in Goiás for the 2016/17 harvest was 25.17% in relation to grain production, since the recommended amount for safe storage is 20% higher than production, which indicates the need for a 45.17% increase in the State’s static storage capacity to supply the demand for products throughout the year and to support the producers so that they can be competitive in the domestic and international markets in the commodity negotiations. Public policies to support the creation and expansion of storage are necessary, since the investment made in the structures is high and the return of spending is not immediate.
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Muhammad Ahsan Shah, Irfan Ashraf Manj, Junaid Naseer, Khayyam Anjum, Shahid Hafeez, Hafiz Masood Ahmad, and Talha Faridi. "DAMAGE PATTERNS OF DIFFERENT BIRDS AND RODENT SPECIES IN GRAIN STORAGES IN BAHAWALPUR, PAKISTAN." Agricultural Sciences Journal 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i2.270.
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Birds and Rodents can cause significant damage to grain stores in developing countries, affecting the food security and income of small-holder farmers. Methods for assessing storage losses by rodents under small-holder conditions will help farmers and policy makers understand the impact rodents may have on food security, nutrition, and health. The present study aimed to determine the different damage patterns by birds and rodents in grain storage in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The study was conducted between August 2021 and February 2022. Twelve grain stores were selected for the observations based on environmental conditions and storage types. Damage patterns were observed through scan sampling by directly observing the damage patterns in terms of grain spreading, fecal contamination, hair contamination, packaging injuries, and feather presence. For loss assessment, the Bowls with known quantities (about 2kg) of grains were placed within grain storage and periodically monitored for weight loss, fecal contamination, and percentage of birds and rodent- damaged grains. The bowels were weighted before and after rodents or bird attack and difference in weight were used to calculate percentages losses. Grain spreading was observed as main damage pattern by birds. Its percentage was measured as 68%, followed by fecal droppings (14%), packaging injuries (13%), and feather presence (5%). Rodents main damage pattern was also grain spreading (47%), followed by packaging injuries (23%), fecal droppings (20%), and presence of hair (10%). Estimates of grain losses in the absence of measures were 23.1% annually. These losses were reduced when rodent control was implemented. So, by implementing control methods and propers storage strategies and using good quality packaging material the rodents and birds losses can be reduced.
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Yamuangmorn, Supapohn, Suchada Jumrus, Sansanee Jamjod, Narit Yimyam, and Chanakan Prom-u-Thai. "Stabilizing Grain Yield and Nutrition Quality in Purple Rice Varieties by Management of Planting Elevation and Storage Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010083.
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Purple rice has become an interesting source of nutritional value among healthy cereal grains. The appropriate cultivation together with post-harvest management would directly benefit farmers and consumers. This study aimed (i) to determine the yield, grain nutritional quality, and antioxidant capacity of purple rice varieties grown at lowland and highland elevations, and (ii) to evaluate the effects of storage conditions on the stability of the rice nutritional value during six months of storage. The high anthocyanin PES variety grown in the lowlands had a higher grain yield than the plants grown in the highlands, but grain anthocyanin concentration had the opposite pattern. In the high antioxidant capacity KAK variety, grain yield and DPPH activity were not significantly different between plants grown at the two elevations. The storage of brown rice and vacuum-sealed packages were both found to preserve greater anthocyanin concentrations in PES, but there was no effect on the DPPH activity of KAK. The grain properties were not significantly different between storage at 4 °C and room temperature. This study suggests that the optimal cultivation practices and storage conditions would result in the higher yield and grain quality of purple rice varieties.
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Olorunfemi, B. J., S. A. Mogaji, D. F. Olorunfemi, and A. K. Idowu. "DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER-AİDED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR MONİTORİNG GRAİNS STORED İN METAL SİLOS." FUOYE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN ECOLOGY 5, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.62923/fuojahe.v5i1.148.
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Traditional methods of managing grain have not guaranteed against grain losses, instead losses ranges from 20-50 %. In this vein, this study engages a computer based system for monitoring stored grains in metal silos. For the study, functions were formulated to measure weight, deterioration index, temperature, laboratory parameters, and moisture for grain samples. Standards were formulated for quality of grain to be accepted into the silo bins and stock index per silo. Coding instructions were set with a high level programming language using Dream weaver platform and structural query language as database management system. The standard storage parameters for the different grains applied were; moisture content (≤ 12 %), insect damage (≤ 1 %), mould damage (≤ 1 %), hectolitre weight (68-75 kg/hl), colouration (normal), foreign matter (≤ 1 %) and year of harvest (≤ 1 year). Test samples of the stored grain were monitored and analysed at one of the National metal silo complexes using the developed package. The results obtained showed that total grain loss would be less than 1 %. There would be timely decision that saves cost,deter moulding and its antecedent losses. It is expected that the software developed will assist in good data management for grain storage to facilitate little or no grain losses during storage.
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Lourenço, V. S., K. D. Silva, M. R. Santos, L. L. Bueno, M. B. Resende Junior, and M. P. S. Berti. "Capacity of grain storage and drying in the State of Mato Grosso." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/13820201054.
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Grain storage has as its central objective to stock the grain, giving the producer the advantage of distributing it at the best time, thus creating a favorable and profitable market logistics. The state of Mato Grosso is the country's leader in grain production, however its competitiveness vis-à-vis the rest of the country is historically affected by the many logistical bottlenecks still present, including storage, which for years has been one of the main competitive disadvantages. Given this, data were collected based on research on grain production in the state of Mato Grosso in the IBGE and CONAB databases, with the objective of making an analysis on the current static storage capacity of grain in the state of Mato Grosso. In the year 2019, the static storage capacity is 37.808.087 tons showing a deficit of 29.565.71 tons of grains, so that the mesoregions of North and Southeast Mato Grosso lead with the largest static capacity, but still unable to meet demand.
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Kroupa, P., J. Skalický, and P. Kovaříček. "Grain aeration in hangar storage by low-pressure ventilators ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 51, No. 2 (February 7, 2012): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4901-rae.
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In the paper are presented measured values of air output velocity from the stored grain layer in hangar storage within its aeration by low-pressure ventilators. The proper aeration of the stored grain was conducted by three aerating ventilators of which every was individually connected with the “cage” aerating above-ground channel covered by technically woven fabrics. The channel diameter was 400 mm, axial pitch of the aerating channels was 4.5 m. Air output velocity was measured by the vane anemometer AIRFLOW. From the measured values resulted than the air output velocity from the stored grain layer in the hangar storage is insufficient, the used low-pressure ventilators are inconvenient, even lowest air output velocity has not been reached from the stored grain layer, i.e. 0.002 m/s, what is minimum figure determined only for grain conditioning.
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Anvarjonovich, Davronov Qaxramonjon, and Xoliqov Muxridin Bahromjon Ogli. "The effect of grain moisture on grain germination during grain storage." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 5 (2021): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01412.9.
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Mohammadi Shad, Zeinab, and Griffiths Atungulu. "Physical Integrity of Long-Grain Hybrid, Pureline, and Medium-Grain Rice Kernels as Affected by Storage Conditions." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 4 (2020): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13727.
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Highlights Rice kernel physical integrity diminished at higher storage temperature and moisture content. Variation in rice kernel physical integrity was noticeable among rice cultivars. Fungal attack lessened rice kernel physical integrity. Abstract . Rice kernel physical integrity directly correlates with rice milling yield and quality. In this study, the impact of storage conditions on rice kernel physical integrity was examined by assessing changes in head rice yield (HRY) and kernel microstructure. Long-grain hybrid (XL753), long-grain pureline (Roy J), and medium-grain (Titan) rice were stored at different storage moisture contents (16% and 21% MCs, wet basis), storage temperatures (20°C, 30°C, and 40°C), and storage durations (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks); the samples were also treated with antifungals, sodium chloride, and natamycin. Results show that kernel physical integrity was highly dependent on the rice storage environment. At the same storage conditions, the physical integrity of medium-grain cultivar was significantly higher than that for the two long-grains. Generally, the long-grain hybrid rice exhibited more resilience to breakage than pureline under the same storage conditions. An average of 4% reduction in HRY was seen for the three cultivars when 16% MC rice was stored at 40°C compared to at 20°C; however, the HRY reduction was 12% for rice stored at the highest MC (21%). Decreases in kernel physical integrity were also associated with unique microstructural changes in rice kernels. Sodium chloride treatment of rice kernels significantly and negatively impacted their physical integrity during storage compared to natamycin treatment and untreated control samples. Multiple regression models, developed for each cultivar were applicable for predicting changes in rice kernel physical integrity as a function of studied storage conditions and antifungal treatments. Keywords: Antifungal treatment, Head rice yield, Microstructure, Milled rice quality, Storage, Rice kernel physical integrity.
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Ikromovich, Mamatojiev Sharip, Mirzaeva Mutabar Azamovna, Xadyatullaeva Nafisa Abdusamadovna, and Shokirova Gavharxon Nazirg’ulomovna. "Quality Storage Of Grain - A Guarantee Of Production Of Quality Products." American Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture Research 3, no. 05 (May 30, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajhfr/volume03issue05-02.
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The complexity of organizing the storage of large batches of grain and grain products is due to their physiological and physicochemical properties. Grain is a living organism in which various life processes take place; the intensity of these processes depends on the external environmental conditions. If the external environment has a positive effect on the metabolism of grain cells, it will inevitably worsen the quality of grain and lead to a decrease in quantity. Without a well-organized and timely cleaning, it is impossible to ensure reliable storage of grain varieties and even their effective use in the national economy.
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Wenneck, Gustavo Soares, Reni Saath, Guilherme Soares Wenneck, Gustavo Lopes Pereira, Vinicius Villa e Vila, and Luis Henrique Brambilla Alves. "CO2 monitoring system for storage of grains and seeds." Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG 30 (August 23, 2022): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14026.
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The monitoring of grain and seeds characteristics is fundamental to maintain postharvest quality. Grain mass changes through CO2 levels monitoring can reduce the product deterioration by anticipating actions to maintain the grain mass quality. This study aimed to develop a CO2 monitoring system in stored grains/seeds and to analyze its efficiency. The analysis was performed in four crop species (brachiaria, sunflower, corn, and soybean) with different water content and sanity condition. The system hardware was composed of a controller micro board, CO2 sensor and data stored module. The system routine was developed in C++ language. The monitoring of CO2 and flammable gases was performed for system analysis and verification. The system monitoring developed showed efficiency in CO2 levels determination in stored grains/seeds and low-cost, being a viable and applicable tool aiming to the maintenance of postharvest quality.
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M. ZHELOBKOVA, O. M., and G. N. STANKEVYCH. "PRACTICAL QUESTIONS FOR SILO BAGS GRAIN STORAGE TECHNOLOGY." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 19, no. 2 (October 4, 2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v19i2.1442.
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In enterprises with limited capacities and a low-powered grain drying facilities there is a problem of economical and reliable storage of dry, wet and moist grains. One of the options for its successful solution is the application of grain storage technology in silo bags, tested in many enterprises, the basic principle of which is based on the self-preservation of grain under hermetic conditions in an environment of carbon dioxide. To implement this technology, it is necessary to determine the suitability of the batch of grain for loading in the silo bags on the basis of an operational analysis of the grain quality. After loading the grain, the silo bags are sealed, the grain mass is stored for a certain time and then unloaded. After many years of industrial testing of grain storage technology in silobags, recommendations have been developed that allow to ensure the quantity and proper quality of grain in the process of implementation of the technology. To do this, it is provided to carry out a whole range of activities - personnel training, the selection and preparation of a storage area for grain, deratization, the determination of the quality of grain at all stages and a safe shelf-life, depending on the condition of the grain, weighing of the grain; loading silo bags and placing them on the site; drawing of marks for identification of silobags; monitoring of the state of silo bags and grain and the restoration of the integrity of the silo bags throughout the storage period; accounting for grain in the silobags; processing of unconditioned grain; object protection, final analysis of the work performed, identify problems and ways to solve them. The storage site for grain in the silo bags must be cleaned of stubble and grass, sharp objects, grain residues, solid hardwood or the most densely packed soil (the clay surface is undesirable, as precipitation makes imposible laying and unloading of silobags), ensure no stagnation of water during rains and melting snow, provide the possibility of free movement of special equipment on the site. It must be deratized and fenced with a mesh with small openings, a height of at least 1 m and dipped. The analysis of the characteristics of three-layer silobags showed that to optimize the storage of dry grain, it is advisable to use the largest silobags of 90 m in length, since they have a larger capacity, there will be less time spent on dressing and sealing the silobags, saving space between the silo bags lying along one another , there will be less length of silobags to go for tying, as well as saving money on the cost of silobags, the cost of working time and fuel (decreases the number of transfers of special equipment). It is advisable to take into account the possibility of unloading the sleeve during one shift. At all stages (loading, storage, unloading) the determination of the quality of grain, monitoring the condition and restoring the integrity of the silo bags checking the sanitary condition of the site and the presence of baits should be carried out. Precautions should be observed, grain accounting, working with non-standard grain and final analysis of grain storage results should be carried out.
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Kordan, Bożena, Mariusz Nietupski, Emilia Ludwiczak, Beata Gabryś, and Robert Cabaj. "Selected Cultivar-Specific Parameters of Wheat Grain as Factors Influencing Intensity of Development of Grain Weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.)." Agriculture 13, no. 8 (July 27, 2023): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081492.
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Wheat, the main source of protein in the human diet, is a staple food in many countries. The yields and technological quality of wheat grain depend on both the yielding potential of wheat and the properties of wheat grain that allow its safe storage. To a large extent, losses during storage are caused by storage pests. Grains of 46 wheat cultivars were used in the study (samples weighing 20 g of each variety in 10 replications), on which the development of the grain weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was observed (20 insects aged 3–4 days; sex ratio of 1:1). The laboratory study was carried out at constant temperature (27 OC) and humidity (75% relative humidity). The laboratory study demonstrated that the physicochemical parameters of grain (hardness, glassiness, flouriness, content of protein, sugars, starch, and crude fat), which are cultivar-dependent, can act as regulators of the development of the grain weevil. The main aim of the study was to develop recommendations regarding the breeding of wheat cultivars resistant to the foraging of S. granarius and which could therefore produce grain for longer storage, and to distinguish those that are more sensitive to the grain weevil and whose grain should therefore be supplied to the market more quickly. Knowledge of the resistance or susceptibility of individual cereal varieties to the feeding of storage pests may be useful in integrated grain storage management. Among the 46 wheat cultivars studied, five cultivars with the highest and five cultivars with the lowest susceptibility to foraging by S. granarius were identified. The highest inherent tolerance to the grain weevil was displayed by the following cultivars: KWS Livius, Bogatka, Speedway, Platin, and Julius; in contrast, the cultivars Askalon, Bamberka, Ostroga, Forum, and Muszelka proved to be the most sensitive. The chemical and physical analysis of the selected cultivars revealed a significant, positive correlation between the intensity of the development of the grain weevil, the content of starch and crude fat in the grain, and grain hardness and flouriness.
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Muniz, P. H. P. C., I. C. Custódio, H. A. Fidelis, N. M. Moura, J. R. C. Oliveira Filho, and M. P. S. Berti. "Capacity of grain storage and outflow in the State of Paraná." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1372020962.
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Grain storage basically consists of collections of regional or national productions in order to store the production for a specific period, with specific objectives such as waiting for a more affordable price or preventing the attack of pests, fungi or even moisture gain , with the aim of preserving the quality of the grains. To guarantee the quality of these grains, factors such as storage and transportation are fundamental within the logistics process of agricultural production. Paraná participates directly in the agricultural economic development, so data were collected based on a survey on grain production in the state of Paraná in the databases of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento e Cadastro Nacional de Unidades de Abastecimento. In this way, the objective of this article is to make an analysis about the current static storage capacity of grains in the state of Paraná. In the year 2019, the static storage capacity is 29,789,778 thousand tons, showing a deficit of 7,310,222 thousand tons of grain. As for the distribution of the warehouses, it is observed that the mesoregions of the West of Paraná and of the North Central, assume the leadership of regions with greater static capacity of the state of Paraná. Thus, it can be concluded that the static storage capacity of the state of Paraná does not accompany the production growth, presenting a deficit of 24.53% in the static storage capacity of grains in the 2018/2019 harvest.
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Chiputula, Jonathan, Emmanuel Ajayi, Ray Bucklin, and Ann R. Blount. "Effects of Moisture Content and Compaction Pressure on Bulk Density of Rye." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 3 (2021): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14385.
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HighlightsRye grain compaction was measured for three different moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at five different compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa)Bulk densities were found to be statistically significantly dependent (p < 0.0001) on both the moisture content and applied pressure.Compacted bulk densities increased with increasing applied pressure for all moisture contents.Abstract. Bulk density of agricultural grains is needed to determine the quantity of grain in storage structures and to calculate grain pressures. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of moisture content and applied pressure on bulk density of rye grain at moisture contents and pressures typical of those seen in storage structures. Rye compaction was measured for three moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at four compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa) using a square box (based on the design used by Thompson and Ross, 1983). Data from the compaction tests were used to calculate the bulk densities for the three moisture contents and four compaction pressures. The bulk densities were found to be significantly dependent (p <0.0001) both on moisture contents and the pressure applied. Bulk densities varied with increasing moisture content as has been observed in similar studies for rye and other agricultural grains such as wheat and soybeans. These results provide guidance for estimating bulk density of rye in bins and other storage structures. Keywords: Grain compaction, Grain storage, Kernel rearrangement, Kernel elasticity.
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Coradi, Paulo C., and Ângelo F. C. Lemes. "Experimental silo-dryer-aerator for the storage of soybean grains." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 22, no. 4 (April 2018): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n4p279-285.
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ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the capacity of silo-dryer-aerator prototype equipment operating as a silo-storage-aerator for soybean quality analysis. Soybeans with water content of 17% (wet basis – w.b.) were dried and stored in a silo-dryer-aerator system that was designed using a drying chamber, four independent storage cells, and a static capacity of 164 kg. Another batch of grains was stored in a silo-storage-aerator with a capacity of 1,200 kg. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized factorial 5 × 4 experimental design including five grain batches stored after being dried at 30, 40, and 50 °C (mixed grains were dried at three temperatures) in the silo-dryer-aerator cells and one mixed grain batch stored in the silo-storage-aerator system under ambient air conditions for four storage times (zero, one, two, and three months). There was no difference between the grains stored in the silo-dryer-aerator and silo-storage-aerator at the end of the three-month storage in terms of the physico-chemical quality. The storage time associated with drying at 50 °C caused a reduction in the physical-chemical quality of the grains. The silo-dryer-aerator system was presented as a possible alternative to store soybean (Glycine max L.) grains.
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Kiurchev, S. V., V. A. Verkholantseva, and L. N. Kiurcheva. "Perspective approach in grain storage." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 10, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/machenergy2019.01.195.
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Mishra, A., P. Prabuthas, and H. N. Mishra. "Grain storage: methods and measurements." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2012): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-837x.2012.00151.x.
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«ПроАгро Груп», компанія. "Grain Storage Forum ELEVATOR 2023." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 23, no. 2 (September 6, 2023): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v23i2.2605.
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2 червня 2023 року у Києві пройшов найбільший в Україні форум в галузі зберігання, переробки, логістики і трейдингу зерна – V Міжнародний Grain Storage Forum ELEVATOR 2023, організований компанією «ПроАгро Груп», Асоціацією елеваторів України та Спілкою «Борошномели України», який став черговою масштабною подією року на вітчизняному аграрному ринку для фахівців зерновиробництва і суміжних галузей.
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Tulabienė, Irena, and Janina Morkūnienė. "ANALYSIS OF GRAIN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES." Agriculture & Food 11, no. 1 (2023): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.62991/af1996317961.
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Group, ProAgro. "Grain Storage Forum ELEVATOR 2024." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2024): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v23i3.2736.
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