To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Grain quality.
Journal articles on the topic 'Grain quality'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Grain quality.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ramadhani, Siti Hasdiyanti, Ni Luh Sri Suryaningsih, and Yosefina Mangera. "Analysis of Grain Yield and Quality of Rice Aromatic Inpago Unsoed 1." AGRICOLA 8, no. 1 (September 24, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/ag.v8i1.2098.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to determine the quality of the grainand rice are planted, the ricevarieties Inpago Unsoed 1. The research method use dis data collection, namely primary data andsecondary data. Primary data is used for observed in this research about grain moisturecontent,density of grain, foreign bodies, empty grains, grain crackedor broken, after the percentage ofgrain milled head of rice, broken rice, graing roats, grain limestone, yolk broken and milled rice yield.The results showed that during the observation the quality of grain varieties Inpago Unsoed 1 hasmilled at about 13,33% moisture content, grain density of 0,57g/ml, and grain weight is 27,60g/1000grain. The percentage point for the determination quality of head point is 73,49%, broken grainsabout 13,92%, and 12,34% graing roats. The quality of rice milled varieties inpago Unsoed 1 includelow. The lower of rice quality is due to the low of head rice percentage, while the percentage ofbroken grain sand high graing roats. Rice milled yield about 51,23%
2
Vaishnavi, V. "Rice Grain Quality Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 10, 2021): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34867.
Full textAbstract:
The quality of grain is of great importance for human beings as it directly impacts human health. Hence there is a great need to measure the quality of grain and identifying non-quality elements. Analysing the grain samples manually is a more time-consuming and complicated process, and having more chances of errors with the subjectivity of human perception. To achieve uniform standard quality and precision, machine vision-based techniques are evolved. Rice quality is nothing but a combination of physical and chemical characteristics. So, to get the physical characteristics of the rice grains, image processing techniques are applied. Grain size and shape are some physical characteristics. The obtained all physical features grades the rice grains using canny edge detection.
3
Abduraximov, U. A., Sh I. Mamatojiyev, and M. M. Usarkulova. "THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION OF HIGH-QUALITY GRAIN PRODUCTS FROM GRAIN." American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 02, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/volume02issue05-09.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of the laws of events in the grain heap allows you to take the necessary science-based measures to ensure the quantity and quality of grain. The complexity of organizing the storage of kata batches of grain and grain products is due to their physiological and physicochemical properties. Grain is a living organism in which various life processes take place; the intensity of these processes depends on external environmental conditions. If the external environment has a positive effect on the metabolism of grain cells, it will inevitably lead to a decrease in quantity, deteriorating the quality of grain.
4
Ikromovich, Mamatojiev Sharip, Mirzaeva Mutabar Azamovna, Xadyatullaeva Nafisa Abdusamadovna, and Shokirova Gavharxon Nazirg’ulomovna. "Quality Storage Of Grain - A Guarantee Of Production Of Quality Products." American Journal of Horticulture and Floriculture Research 3, no. 05 (May 30, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajhfr/volume03issue05-02.
Full textAbstract:
The complexity of organizing the storage of large batches of grain and grain products is due to their physiological and physicochemical properties. Grain is a living organism in which various life processes take place; the intensity of these processes depends on the external environmental conditions. If the external environment has a positive effect on the metabolism of grain cells, it will inevitably worsen the quality of grain and lead to a decrease in quantity. Without a well-organized and timely cleaning, it is impossible to ensure reliable storage of grain varieties and even their effective use in the national economy.
5
Ameenuddin, Md, Bavireddy Vishwanth Kumar, Soma Yashwanth, Kushal Sahu, and Ganjikunta Teja. "Quality Testing of Rice Grains Using Image Processing Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47468.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Quality Testing of Rice Grains is testing of grain to evaluate the planting value and the authenticity of the certified lot. There are certain limitations to human eye to observe the Grain. So, the electronic world helps us to separate the faulty Grains from quality Grains. The specific target to be achieved is the development of a rice quality detection system that can assess the quality of rice using digital image processing. The evaluation of the rice grains on the basic grain size and shape using image processing edge detection algorithm is used to find the region of boundaries in each grain. Grain testing is done mainly for moisture, germination and physical purity of Grains. The performance of Image Processing reduces the time of operation.
6
Vaz Patto, Maria Carlota. "Grain legume protein quality: a hot subject." Arbor 192, no. 779 (June 30, 2016): a314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2016.779n3004.
Full text
7
Tilley, Katherine A. "Cereal Grain Quality." Crop Science 38, no. 1 (January 1998): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800010049x.
Full text
8
Zhao, Can, Guangming Liu, Yue Chen, Yan Jiang, Yi Shi, Lingtian Zhao, Pingqiang Liao, et al. "Excessive Nitrogen Application Leads to Lower Rice Yield and Grain Quality by Inhibiting the Grain Filling of Inferior Grains." Agriculture 12, no. 7 (July 5, 2022): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12070962.
Full textAbstract:
Nitrogen fertilizer is an important agronomic measure to regulate rice yield and grain quality. Grain filling is crucial for the formation of rice yield and grain quality. However, there are few studies on the effects of excessive nitrogen application (ENA) on grain filling rate and grain quality. A two-year field experiment was conducted to reveal the difference in grain filling characteristics and grain quality of superior grains (SG) and inferior grains (IG), as well as their responses to nitrogen fertilizer. We determined the grain appearance, the rice yield, the grain filling characteristics of SG and IG, and grain quality. We found that with the increasing nitrogen application level, grain yield of both varieties first increased and then decreased. The average yield of excessive nitrogen application (345 kg N ha−1) was 2.68–6.31% lower than that of appropriate nitrogen application (270 kg N ha−1). ENA reduced the grain filling rate by 12.7–25.8%, and the grain filling rate of SG was higher than that of IG. Increasing nitrogen application increased the processing quality and appearance quality of rice grain, but ENA deteriorated the appearance quality, eating quality and nutritional quality. The amylose content and taste value of SS were 3.1–9.7% and 7.1–20.2% higher than those of IS, respectively. The protein components of SG were lower than those of IG. Taken together, our results revealed that ENA leads to the lowering of rice grain yield and grain quality by suppressed grain filling of inferior grains.
9
Umurzakova, Shokhsanam, and Zilolaxon To’lanova. "THE QUALITY OF WHEAT GRAINS AND THE PROCESS THAT AFFECTS THEIR STORAGE." American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 02, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/volume02issue05-03.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, the quality of wheat grains and the factors influencing the process of their storage, ie, the yield of grains is reduced due to cochlear disease, and a sharp deterioration in product quality and objective and correct physical, technological and biochemical properties of grain. The form of production of quality flour as a result of the assessment, its uniqueness, the correct organization and implementation of technological processes of cleaning, preparation and grinding of grain. The purpose of our research is to study the status and modernization of the project of JSC "Ferganadonmahsulotlari", the modernization of advanced production and existing grain cleaning technologies, the physical and chemical properties of local varieties of wheat. One of the main directions in improving the technology of flour production is the creation of an enterprise where grain is efficiently cleaned, moistened and well prepared for grinding, while consuming less electricity.
10
Hoda, Abougamos, White Ben, and Sadler Rohan. "Contracts for Grain Biosecurity and Grain Quality." Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 9, no. 3 (March 31, 2017): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jdae2016.0791.
Full text
11
Sonawane, Vijay, Nikhil Gaikwad, Hrushikesh Mandekar, Kishore Baradkar, and Chetan Gunjal. "Rice Quality Analysis and Classification Using Image Processing Techniques." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2021.v10i06.008.
Full textAbstract:
More than half the world's people consume rice every day and fulfills over 21% calorific requirement of world population. It is considered the whole grain which is rich in fiber and it contains 80 percent with protein, phosphorus, and potassium. There are hundreds of different varieties of rice and each rice grain has a unique shape, texture, and flavor that make it just right for certain dishes. The quality of rice between various types has different standards. Therefore, you must select the best quality rice because rice with best quality is not only good for consumption but also good for health. Analyzing grain sample manually is a tedious task and also time consuming. The paper presents the solution to analysis and grading of rice grains using image processing techniques. Image reduction, image enhancement, and image increment, object recognition in spatial domain is applied on grain by grain of different samples of rice to determine its size, color and quality as whole to grade the grain of rice. We find the endpoints of each grains and after we measure the length and breadth of rice grains.
12
Ikromovich, Mamatojiev Sharip, Mirzaeva Mutabar Azamovna, and Xadyatullaeva Nafisa Abdusamadovna. "Factors Affecting Grain Storage Processes On Quality Indicators." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue12-09.
Full textAbstract:
In practice, the durability of the combine harvester is of great importance because during this period the seeds acquire a conditioning character during cultivation and meet the requirements of state standards for sowing quality. Technological longevity is a term in which baking, fodder or technical properties must be preserved during the grain harvesting period. For cereal or polluting mixtures in accordance with current standards, seeds of wild plants and some cultivated plants that belong to them breathe during storage, they undergo the last ripening processes from the collection and bruising under certain conditions. These include all the patterns and features inherent in the main type of culture that makes up the grain mass.
13
Iswahyudi, Iswahyudi, Sustiyana Sustiyana, and Lia Kristiana. "Evaluasi Mutu Gabah Pamekasan Madura Jawa Timur." Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 5, no. 2 (December 16, 2018): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v5i2.464.
Full textAbstract:
Pamekasan Regency is one of the rice-producing areas in Madura. The problem which is the main subject of this research is how the quality of farmer grain quality in Pamekasan Regency. The study aimed to analyze the quality of Pamekasan Regency grain. This type of research is descriptive - quantitative, namely the type of research that combines quantitative and qualitative research. The analysis states that Pamekasan grain has a quantitative percentage of an empty grain of 0.9%, 3.2% green/lime grains, 18.6% yellow/damaged grains, and 0.3% red grains. It also fulfills the requirements for grain quality qualitative consisting of four characters, namely: 1) free of pests and diseases, 2) free of foul odors, acids and other odors, 3) free of chemicals and residual fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides, and 4) unhusked rice so that it has met the requirements of SNI quality grade grain quality standards II.
14
TUMANYAN, N. G., M. A. TKACHENKO, T. B. KUMEIKO, and S. S. CHIZHIKOVA. "RICE GRAIN DARK SPOTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON QUALITY ASSOCIATED TRAITS." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.4.11.
Full textAbstract:
Rice grain damage due to dark spots was noted more than 10 years ago in Russia. However, this phenomenon has long existed in other rice-growing countries. The factor limiting high rice yields are insect pests and pathogenic microorganisms, the vital activity of which leads to the occurrence of dark spots on the grain shells. This study hopes to assess the effects of dark spots on rice grains of six rice cultivars bred in Russia, i.e., Rapan, Khazar, Romans, Favorit, Trio, and Prestige. The study was carried out in 2020–2021 at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Krasnodar, Russia. With an increase in the content of damaged grains from 5% to 10% and 20%, the mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains, vitreosity, and head rice content decrease, the filminess increased, and the content of damaged grains negatively affecting the quality traits of rice grains. If the content of damaged grains is up to 5%, grain quality decreases giving no impact of the parameter. The need to predict rice grain yield and quality based on grain damage intensity caused by dark spots ensures the profitability of growing various cultivars in rice production.
15
Belokurova, Elena, Ilona Pankina, Anna Sevastyanova, Irina Asfondyarova, and Nina Katkova. "The influence of barley weed impurities on the microbiological quality indicators." E3S Web of Conferences 161 (2020): 01072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016101072.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, malting barley is one of the most important crops that form the basis of the food business in the Russian Federation. Malting barley is imported to Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. While storing and transporting grain, its microbiological quality indicators play a very important role. Grain seeded with various microorganisms quickly loses its functional and technological properties, which negatively affects the quality of beer produced from it. According to the results of the studies, it was found that the contamination of barley with microorganisms is greatly influenced by various impurities that enter the grain mass during harvest. As well as various impurities in the grain mass of malting barley, the grains of other plants wheat, rye and oats were found in some samples in quantity of about 4%. There were also a lot of beaten barley grains, in some samples more than 2%. The moisture content of the grain mass also affects the seeding by microorganisms. Impurities had a higher humidity than grain, purified from impurities. To reduce the microbial contamination of brewing barley grains, it is necessary to thoroughly clean and refine the grain mass immediately after harvesting.
16
Shimoyanagi, Rikako, Mitsuru Abo, and Fumitaka Shiotsu. "Higher Temperatures during Grain Filling Affect Grain Chalkiness and Rice Nutrient Contents." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071360.
Full textAbstract:
High temperature effects attributable to climate change can affect rice quality. The chalky area of rice grains is often used to evaluate of rice grain starch quality, but the overall effect of high temperatures on grain chalkiness and overall nutrient quality has not been fully clarified. Thus, in this study, we assessed high temperature effects on grain weight, chalkiness, and nutrient contents. Rice grains were classified into four groups on the basis of the chalky area in scanned grain images: P (0%), S (0–15%), M (15–40%), and L (≥40%). Then, the amylose, protein and mineral nutrient concentrations were assessed in each chalkiness classification. High temperatures during grain filling markedly decreased the grain weight and the amylose content of milled rice but increased the chalky area of the grains as well as protein content and the concentrations of most minerals. There were significant negative correlations between mineral contents and both grain weights and amylose contents of milled rice. These results indicate that increases in grain chalky areas due to high temperatures during grain filling also increase grain mineral contents.
17
Likhayo, Paddy, Anani Y. Bruce, Tadele Tefera, and Jones Mueke. "Maize Grain Stored in Hermetic Bags: Effect of Moisture and Pest Infestation on Grain Quality." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (November 4, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2515698.
Full textAbstract:
Maize (Zea mays) is an important staple food crop produced by the majority of smallholder farmers that provides household food security through direct consumption and income generation. However, postharvest grain losses caused by insect pests during storage pose a major constraint to household food security. Hermetic storage technology is an alternative method that minimises postharvest losses by depleting oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide levels within the storage container through metabolic respiration of the grains, insects, and microorganism. Maize grain was stored for 180 days in hermetic bags or open-weave polypropylene bags to compare quality preservation when subject to initial grain moisture contents of 12, 14, 16, and 18 percent and infestation by Sitophilus zeamais. The moisture content of grain in hermetic bags remained unchanged while in polypropylene bags decreased. Dry grains (12% moisture content) stored well in hermetic bags and suffered 1.2% weight loss while for equivalent grains in polypropylene bags the weight loss was 35.8%. Moist grains (18% moisture content) recorded the lowest insect density (7 adults/kg grain) in hermetic bags while polypropylene bags had the highest (1273 adults/kg grain). Hermetic and polypropylene bags recorded the lowest (0–4 adults/kg grain) and highest (16–41 adults/kg grain) Prostephanus truncatus population, respectively. Discoloured grains were 4, 6, and 12 times more in grains at 14, 16, and 18 than 12 percent moisture content in hermetic bags. Grains at 18% moisture content recorded significantly lower oxygen (10.2%) and higher carbon dioxide (18.9%) levels. Holes made by P. truncatus in the hermetic bags were observed. In conclusion, storage of moist grains (14–18% moisture content) in hermetic bags may pose health risk due to grain discolouration caused by fungal growth that produces mycotoxins if the grains enter the food chain. The study was on only one site which was hot and dry and further investigation under cool, hot, and humid conditions is required.
18
Akila, A., and P. Shalini. "Food grain storage management system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (May 29, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.31.13433.
Full textAbstract:
Food grain Wastage cripples a country’s economy to a great extent. Food grain wastage is also associated with wastage of water, manpower during agricultural activities and electricity power used in food processing industries. It even causes deforestation. Adequate measures have to be taken to properly store the food grains so that they remain edible. The proposed storage management system uses the sensors to measure the levels of humidity, temperature and ammonia gas which will help us monitor quality of the food grains. The main idea is to identify the quality of the food grains using the sensors such as Temperature, Humidity and Ammonia Gas. The Quality of the food grain is measured using the factors like Humidity, Temperature and Ammonia gas sensors and sent through Wireless Communication to the server and the server makes the decision and alarms about the quality of the food grain to the maintenance people. Food grain Wastage cripples a country’s economy to a great extent. Food grain wastage is also associated with wastage of water, manpower during agricultural activities and electricity power used in food processing industries. It even causes deforestation. Adequate measures have to be taken to properly store the food grains so that they remain edible. The proposed storage management system uses the sensors to measure the levels of humidity, temperature and ammonia gas which will help us monitor quality of the food grains. The standard of identifying the food quality could be improved by using more sensors and can be implemented in the Food Storage Industry.
19
Martien C Spanjer. "Sampling for grain quality." Stewart Postharvest Review 3, no. 6 (2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2212/spr.2007.6.12.
Full text
20
Peng, Bo, Ke-Xin Jin, Dian-Ya Luo, Xia-Yu Tian, Yan-Fang Sun, Xin-Hua Huang, Rui-Hua Pang, et al. "The Nutritional Components of Rice are Closely Related to Grain Quality Traits in Rice." Journal of Biology and Life Science 11, no. 2 (October 11, 2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v11i2.17809.
Full textAbstract:
Starch, protein and lipid are the most important nutrients in rice, and their composition and content in rice grains play a decisive role in the grain quality. Rice quality (including appearance quality, cooking quality, nutrition quality, grinding and processing quality, etc.) is not only affected by the composition of the nutrients in grain of rice, but also by the physical and chemical characteristics and their content in grains, but also vulnerable to external environmental conditions. To clarify the relationship between the main nutrients in rice and their grain quality traits is of great theoretical significance and potential application value for the continuous improvement of rice quality in the future. Therefore, this paper reviewed the effects of starch, protein, lipid and mineral elements in grain of rice and also on quality of trait in rice. It is also discussed the relationship between these nutrients and rice grain quality traits. All of those will provide important information for the quality of grain improvement and breeding of new varieties with high quality in rice.
21
Wang, Liqing, Xiaofang Yu, Julin Gao, Daling Ma, Huaihuai Guo, and Shuping Hu. "Patterns of Influence of Meteorological Elements on Maize Grain Weight and Nutritional Quality." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020424.
Full textAbstract:
Meteorological factors are one of the important factors that determine maize kernel weight and grain nutritional quality. Analyzing the influence of meteorological factors before and after anthesis on maize kernel weight and nutritional quality components is of great significance for improving corn yield and quality. Therefore, five different maize hybrids and conducted continuous experiments from 2018 to 2021 were selected in this study, to explore the response of maize kernel weight and grain nutritional quality to meteorological factors in different growth periods, and to quantify the linear relationship between grain nutritional quality parameters, grain weight, and meteorological factors. The main results were as follows: the 100-grain weight reached the maximum value of 39.53 g in 2018; the contents of crude protein, total starch, and crude fat in grains reached the maximum in 2018, 2020, and 2018, respectively, which were 9.61%, 69.2%, and 5.1%. Meteorological factors significantly affected the maize grain weight (p < 0.05). Before anthesis, total sunshine duration, average temperature, relative humidity, and the accumulated temperature had strong effects on grain weight. After anthesis, average daily temperature, total rainfall, temperature difference, accumulated temperature, average daily highest temperature, and total sunshine hours had strong effects on grain weight. There was also a significant correlation between grain weight and grain nutritional quality components (p < 0.05). The multivariate polynomial equation analysis revealed that further potential for maize grain weight could be exploited by adjusting the content of each quality component of the kernels under the current test conditions. Meteorological elements can indirectly affect the 100-grain weight through their relationship with the nutritional quality of the grains, with accumulated temperature before anthesis, average temperature after anthesis, and accumulated temperature after anthesis having the greatest indirect effect on the 100-grain weight. Therefore, the effects of pre-anthesis accumulation temperature, post-anthesis average temperature, and post-anthesis accumulation temperature on the nutritional quality of the grains can be harmonized by the application of hybrids of different lengths of vegetation and by adjusting the sowing time in agricultural production. Ultimately, maize grain weight can be increased on the basis of optimizing the content of various quality components in the grains.
22
Hogan, J. P., and P. C. Flinn. "An assessment by in vivo methods of grain quality for ruminants." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 5 (1999): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98170.
Full textAbstract:
For the purpose of this review, grain quality refers to the efficiency with which a grain supports growth in cattle fed diets which contain grain as a major component. Grains are fed as concentrated sources of energy. Their quality depends on the energy content of the grain, the amount eaten, and the efficiency, both of extraction of nutrients from the diet and of conversion of nutrients to weight gain. This paper briefly describes the fermentative and digestive processes involved in releasing energy from grain and in ensuring an adequate supply of other essential nutrients to the animal. Methods are then described for measuring net energy storage, nutrient release in various sections of the tract, and storage of energy and protein both directly and indirectly in studies of growth. It is recommended that in vivo assessment of the energy content of grains for ruminants be conducted in stages. Digestibility in the whole tract should be used to rank a range of grains, then comparisons made between grains using growth studies. Discrepancies arising from these assessments should then be investigated using more detailed measurements, particularly starch digestion in the stomach and intestines.
23
Xie, Huijia, Wenjun Xie, Shenggang Pan, Xuwei Liu, Hua Tian, Meiyang Duan, Shuli Wang, Xiangru Tang, and Zhaowen Mo. "Effects of Light Quality Treatments during the Grain Filling Period on Yield, Quality, and Fragrance in Fragrant Rice." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030531.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of the light quality on 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) during the grain filling period in fragrant rice has rarely been investigated. A pot experiment was carried out with two fragrant rice varieties, Xiangyaxiangzhan and Yuxiangyouzhan, grown under three light treatments, 100% red light (L1), 100% blue light (L2), and compound light (L3), during the grain filling period, and natural light was taken as the control (CK). The yield, quality, and fragrance were investigated. The results showed that light quality treatments significantly decreased the 2AP content in mature grains by 16.67–32.82% but improved the grain yield by 2.70–21.41% compared to CK. The regulation effects of light quality treatments on grain yield and 2AP are linked to yield-related traits, biomass accumulation, antioxidant physiology, and 2AP formation-related physiology. Additionally, light quality treatments decreased the chalky rice percentage and chalkiness, and increased the length-to-width ratio. Overall, light quality treatments during the grain filling period had a positive effect on the grain yield but not on fragrance in fragrant rice.
24
KB, Nayana, and Geetha CK. "Quality Testing of Food Grains Using Image Processing and Neural Network." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 1163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45335.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The main crop for our nation to boost agricultural income is grains. While the crop is still in the ground, farmers notice yield the most, but once the grain has been processed and sold, quality becomes the main factor in determining its viability. Several contaminants, including stones, weed seeds, chaff, damaged seeds, etc., are present in these grains. Low automation levels and a large human workforce are required for assessing grain quality. Additionally, it increases the cost and length of the testing process. This contradiction is becoming more and more obvious as import and export trade expands. Prior to performing the next process during grain handling procedures, several types of grain and their quality are necessary.
25
Cordeiro, Madison W. S., Dionei Ribeiro, Roseli A. Ferrari, and Flávio C. Dalchiavon. "Corn grain quality at different harvesting times." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 10 (August 2021): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n10p703-709.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Harvesting time is one of the main factors that influences grain quality, largely due to their exposure to biotic and abiotic factors during pre-harvest. As such, this study aimed to assess corn grain quality in response to different harvesting times in the municipality of Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with a strip-plot scheme, consisting of three corn hybrids (NS90 PRO, NS92 PRO 2 and BG7439), five harvesting times (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after physiological maturity - DAPM), with three repetitions. The variables grain yield, 1000 grain weight, bulk density, electrical conductivity and proximate composition were analyzed at each of the proposed harvesting times and lipid composition was assessed only at 0 and 28 DAPM. Data were submitted to ANOVA, regression analysis and Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Delayed harvesting influenced all the variables studied, except ash concentration. The longer the grains remain on the plant after physiological maturity, the worse the grain yield and their physical, chemical and nutritional quality.
26
Kučerová, J. "The effect of sites and years on the technological quality of winter wheat grain." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 3 (November 19, 2011): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3562-pse.
Full textAbstract:
The results of three-year trials (1999 to 2001) conducted with six winter wheat varieties in which was investigated the effect of sites, years and varieties on the final grain yield and technological quality showed statistically significant differences (LSD, 95%) among sites in grain yield and these parameters of quality: test volume mass, wet gluten content, sedimentation test, protein content, falling number and flour water absorption capacity. As to the quality, the Žatec site showed itself as generally most suitable, and the Jaroměřice site as the least suitable one. Climate conditions showed a statistically significant effect (LSD, 95%) on grain yield and all quality parameters, beside the percentage of complete grains and swelling capacity of gluten and falling number, which were insignificant. The most favourable weather conditions, a lot of precipitation and high temperature in the course of ripening from three years were proved in the year 2000. Among the varieties were statistically significant differences (LSD, 95%) in grain yield and these parameters of quality: test volume mass, thousand grain weight, ash content, percentage of complete grains, sedimentation test, protein content, reologic properties of dough and baking tests. From the six varieties the best profits were shown from variety Sulamit (loaf volume 595 ml/100 g of flour), the worst was Semper (loaf volume 543 ml/100 g of flour) and Vlasta (loaf volume 532 ml/100 g of flour). The best grain yield was in 2001 (average of sites 8.84 t/ha) and the variety Semper had the highest grain yield of 9.17 t/ha, that is higher at 13.41% compared with Sulamit (7.94 t/ha).
27
AUDILAKSHMI, S., and C. ARUNA. "Genetic analysis of physical grain quality characters in sorghum." Journal of Agricultural Science 143, no. 4 (August 2005): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859605005368.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum is grown the world over for both human and animal consumption. Recently, the increase in grain production has slowed; simultaneously, its marketability has declined. Grain size is one of the most important determinants of grain yield and market price in India. One important factor responsible for the decline in consumption of sorghum in India is the inferior quality of rainy season produce. Consumers prefer post rainy season sorghums as the grains are bold, round and lustrous in appearance. Any improvement in the quality of rainy season sorghum grain would help it to fetch higher market prices.In the present study, the genetics of important grain quality characteristics such as grain size, grain shape and lustre were studied using two crosses based on elite sorghum lines 463B and AKMS 14B, and a germplasm line, IS 17600, during 2001 at the National Research Centre for Sorghum, Hyderabad, India. Generation mean analysis and frequency distribution studies revealed that grain size is governed by dominant genes that are polygenic in nature. Predominance of dominance and epistatic interactions in both crosses indicates that selection for higher grain size would be more effective if the dominance and epistatic effects are first reduced by a few generations of selfing. Biparental mating is suggested for developing homozygous bold grain lines. Round grain shape is governed by a single dominant gene and grain lustre by two complementary recessive genes. The study suggested that developing a sorghum hybrid with bold, round grain is feasible provided either of the parents has bold and/or round grain. However, for the hybrid to be lustrous, both parents need to be lustrous and homozygous for the alleles conferring grain lustre at a common locus. With the possibility of development of sorghum hybrids with bold, round and lustrous grain, there is scope for improvement in consumer preference of rainy season sorghum grain.
28
Kamara, JS, AU Leigh, and RA Cooke. "A national survey of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain quality in Sierra Leone II: Evaluation of physical grain quality." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 15, no. 72 (December 7, 2015): 10559–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.72.15490.
Full textAbstract:
Rice is a very important item of food and commerce in Sierra Leone and so information o n the quality of available rice grains can serve as a useful indicator for the technical status and level of competitiveness in the local rice industry . During this study a n objective evaluation was conducted to measure and characterize the quality of rice grains available in the local markets of Sierra Leone. A total of 315 randomly selected rice samples from 45 markets selected from the four major cities of Sierra Leone (Makeni, Bo, Kenema and Freetown, representing urban communities from the northern, southern, eastern and western parts of the country , respectively ) were evaluated. Quality evaluation involved measurement of moisture content, number of paddy (unmilled rice kernels) in 1 kg of milled rice and other quality factors normally used for the grading of milled rice. Rice samples were then graded based on criteria adapted from the Philippines Rice Grading Standards for milled rice grains. The results showed that the quality of all grain samples evaluated was generally poor, with 63.2% of the samples failing to meet the criteria set for Grade III rice quality ( meaning that the quality level was worse than grade III ) . Quality measures obtained for imported samples appeared to be superior to that obtained for the local samples in terms of higher proportions of superior grades (grade II or better ) . Comparison of measures of grading factors revealed that among the four cities considered in this study, grains from Kenema were of the lowest quality . Further examination of grade limiting factors revealed that the most critical factors responsible for poor quality outcomes in grain sample were (i) the number of paddy in 1kg of milled rice and (ii) the moisture content of grains . The study provided quantitative measures of the quality status of rice grains available in Sierra Leone , as well as a means of identifying the major binding constraints to rice grain quality, in terms of the grade limiting factors. It is speculated that t he low quality of rice grains observed in this study could be the result of avoidable quality defects that may be linked to an undeveloped national system for rice milling and handling .
29
Kumar, Amod, Shiv Kumar, Sarvendra Singh, Janeshwar Prasad, A. S. Jeena, and M. C. Upreti. "Studies on character association among quality traits and yield components in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i3.2294.
Full textAbstract:
Rice is most important food crop of India and grown in different regions with differential consumer preferences for grain size, shape, aroma and cooking qualities. Therefore, crop improvement in rice not only focused on yield but also to enhance quality. Hence the present investigation was carried out with an objective of assessing the character association among twenty-two morphological and quality characters of thirty basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that Seed yield was significantly and positively associated with days to maturity (0.330**), number of tillers per plant (0.434**), number of grains per panicle (0.358**), grain weight per panicle (0.410**), and flag leaf length (0.258*). The days to maturity exhibited a significant positive correlation with plant height, panicle length, grain weight per plant, kernel length before cooking, kernel length after cooking and L: B ratio. Tiller per plant reflected the positive and significant association with a number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle and grain weight per plant. Flag leaf length showed a significant positive correlation with a number of grains per panicle and grain weight per plant, while Grains per panicle was positively and significantly associated with grain weight per panicle, grain weight per plant and kernel breadth before cooking. Grain weight per panicle exhibited a significant positive association with grain yield per plant (0.410**), kernel breadth before cooking (0.381**), 100 grain weight (0.240*) and 100 kernel weight (0.210*). These characters could be utilized to form a selection index for improvement of the basmati rice.
30
Suchowilska, Elżbieta, Marian Wiwart, Rudolf Krska, and Wolfgang Kandler. "Do Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Hybrids Constitute a Promising Source Material for Quality Breeding ofNew Wheat Varieties?" Agronomy 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010043.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this two-year study was to determine whether the contents of macronutrients and macro and microelements in wheat grain can be increased by crossbreeding Triticum aestivum and T. spelta. The experimental material comprised the grains of F6 and F7 hybrids and their parental forms. The element content of grain was determined by ICP-SFMS. Hybrid grains had significantly higher ash contents than bread wheat grain (1.90% and 1.93% versus 1.62%). Crude protein content was lowest in bread wheat grain (11.75%) and highest in spelt grain (14.67%). Hybrid grains had significantly higher protein contents (12.97% and13.19%) than bread wheat grain. In both years of the study, the concentrations of P, S, Mg and Ca were highest in spelt grain, whereas their content in hybrids was lower than in spelt grain, but higher than in bread wheat grain. The concentrations of desirable microelements were highest in spelt grain, and the micronutrient profile of hybrid grains was more similar to bread wheat than spelt. Therefore, the hybrids can constitute promising source material for quality breeding in wheat.
31
Ladislav, Holík, Hlisnikovský Lukáš, and Kunzová Eva. "The effect of mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure on winter wheat grain yield and grain quality." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 10 (October 15, 2018): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/342/2018-pse.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated how organic manures and mineral fertilizers affect winter wheat grain and straw yields and grain quality properties. The analysed period of the long-term fertilizer experiment was established in Čáslav, Czech Republic, in 1955 and covers the seasons 2011–2014. The fertilizer treatments were: control; farmyard manure (FYM); FYM + P; FYM + K; FYM + PK; FYM + N<sub>1</sub>; FYM + N<sub>2</sub>; FYM + N<sub>1</sub>PK; FYM + N<sub>2</sub>PK and FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK. The highest grain yields were recorded in the FYM + P and FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatments (8.9 t/ha). The highest straw yields were recorded in the FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatment (6.52 t/ha). The lowest yields were provided in the unfertilized control and FYM treatments. Qualitative parameters were evaluated in the control, FYM and FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatments between the years 2011 and 2013. The best quality of wheat grain was provided by the FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatment. Combination of the farmyard manure with NPK is the best way to achieve high grain yields with good quality and leads to sustainable food production.
32
Tiraboschi Leal, Fábio, João Victor Trombeta Bettiol, Vinícius Augusto Filla, Anderson Prates Coelho, Fábio Luíz Checchio Mingotte, and Leandro Borges Lemos. "Grain quality of common bean cultivars under low and high nitrogen dose." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo 53, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.012.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low and high topdressing doses of nitrogen (N) on the qualitative attributes of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and indicate cultivars with better grain technological characteristics. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots, with four replicates. Plots comprised 16 common bean cultivars of the commercial grain ‘Carioca’, while subplots comprised two N doses: 20 and 120 kg ha-1 applied as topdressing. The following evaluations were carried out: sieve yield (SY), relative grain production on sieves (RGPS), crude protein content (PROT), final water volume absorbed (FVabs), time for maximum hydration (TMH), hydration ratio (HR), cooking time (CT) and resistance to cooking (RC). The results were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test. Multivariate principal component analysis was used to identify processes. The grain quality of common bean is more dependent on the genotype studied than on agricultural management such as nitrogen fertilization. The increase in the N dose applied as topdressing increases the size of common bean grains and their protein content, but with little influence in grain hydration. FVabs and CT depend on the interaction between cultivar and N doses. CT had an inverse correlation with PROT, but it was little pronounced. The cultivars BRSMG Uai, IAC Alvorada, TAA Dama and TAA Bola Cheia have the best grain quality characteristics. Highlights: Cultivar interferes more in the common bean technological quality than nitrogen fertilization. Grains crude protein content had an inverse correlation with the cooking time. Nitrogen fertilization increases the grains size and crude protein content of common bean, but with little influence in grain hydration. The cultivars BRSMG Uai, IAC Alvorada, TAA Dama and TAA Bola Cheia have the best grain quality characteristics.
33
Stankevych, G., and A. Borta. "RESEARCH OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLUTEN OF WHEAT GRAINS DAMAGED BY THE WHEAT BUG." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 19, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v19i3.1506.
Full textAbstract:
Favorable weather and climate conditions for growing grain are also favorable for the livelihoods and reproduction of pests of grain stocks, and especially for wheat bug (Eurygaster integriceps Put.). Grain damaged by this pest loses its genetically incorporated properties, negative changes occur in the quantity and quality of gluten. Due to the ingestion of bug’s saliva with its special enzymes into the grain, the baking properties of the flour from such grain deteriorate – the dough becomes liquid, sticky, it loses elasticity. Thus, the issue of further effective use of grain damaged by the shield bugis very urgent. This requires information on the dependence of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gluten on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug. The aim of the study was to establish patterns of change in the quantity and quality of gluten depending on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug, which will increase the efficiency of the formation of batches for further use in the food industry. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were solved: during the grain harvesting periods of 2015–2018, at the enterprises of the industry, wheat samples were taken with the content damaged by the wheat bug in the range of 0.5...5.0 %, the quantity and quality were determined in them gluten, trends in the quantity and quality of gluten have been established depending on the content of damaged grains and their comparison with published data. The object of the study was the gluten complex of wheat, with various contents of grains damaged by the wheat bug. The subject of research was the quantity and quality of gluten in samples of soft wheat of grades 2–3 of the 2015– 2018 crop samples with various grains damaged by a wheat bug selected at enterprises in the Odessa region. Based on the results of determining the quantity and quality of gluten in samples of the 2015–2018 crop and the available literature data on the quantity and quality of gluten in grain 2005– 2007, a crop with the content of grain damaged by the wheat bug was shown to be 5.0 %, that between the amount of gluten and the content in the grain mass of the grains damaged by the wheat bug, there are no regularities.Existing fluctuations in the amount of gluten are reliably associated with different origins of grain samples grown under different agrotechnological conditions, different protein contents, varietal characteristics of grain and other factors. The regularities of changes in the quality of gluten depending on the content of grain damaged by a wheat bug have been established – with an increase in the content of damaged grains, according to a linear law, the gluten quality index determined on the VDK device also increases. It was also established that the intensity of changes in the quality of gluten significantly depends on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug; there was a slight increase in the quality index of gluten with the content of damaged grains up to 2.0 %, and its rapid growth with the content of damaged grains from 2.0 % to 5,0 % It is shown that in the studied wheat samples with the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug up to 2.5...2.7 %, the VDK indicator belongs to the 2nd group of gluten quality – satisfactory weak and wheat belongs to 1–3 grades in this indicator. With a further increase in the content of grains damaged the wheat bug, the index of VDK increases and gluten passes to the 3rd group – unsatisfactory weak, and the batch of wheat belongs to the 4th class.
34
Khan, TN, and GB Crosbie. "Effect of scald (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) J. Davis) infection on some quality characteristics of barley." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 6 (1988): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880783.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of scald (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) J. Davis) infection on 1000-grain weight, percentage of plump grains, test weight, grain brightness and protein content of barley cultivars was examined in 6 field experiments. Thousand-grain weight was most adversely affected by scald, showing reductions ranging from 4 to 19% due to scald infection. Percentage of the plump grains was reduced by 3 to 30% depending upon the variety. Percentage protein was also reduced in 2 instances but test weight was not affected. In 2 experiments, grain brightness was greater in the nil fungicide plots than plots treated with fungicide. Reductions in quality characteristics were generally associated with grain yield losses. Implications in relation to quality receival standards are discussed.
35
Kroupa, P. "The outer quality loss during grain post-harvest treatment and handling." Research in Agricultural Engineering 49, No. 3 (February 8, 2012): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4958-rae.
Full textAbstract:
In the paper are presented results of grain outer quality loss investigation during its post-harvest treatment. Objective was to determine the grain damage during its transport by bucket elevators of type “SANFON” at bucket peripheral velocity 2.0 m/s and 2.8 m/sof capacity 40 t/hand 80 t/h, respectively. The damage was investigated at counter-flow and parallel-flow bucket filling. From the measured results resulted the conclusion, that the bucket elevators tend rather to grain crushing, i.e. fraction creation than to smaller damage. On basis of partial knowledge chain elevators have no significant tendency to fraction generation, but incline considerably to the transported grain total mechanical damage at performance significantly lower than is the nominal one. In that case total mechanical damage ranged from 1.78 to 1.98%. Auger conveyers tend rather to total mechanical damage of transported grain than to the fraction creation. This is caused mainly by the friction between the transported grain and transporting “trough”. Total mechanical damage is in range from 1.36 to 1.73%. Belt elevators are friendly to transported grain and therefore are evitable for grain horizontal transport in lines for reception, treatment and storage of food grain crops.
36
Coradi, Paulo C., Alisson H. S. de Sousa, Lucas J. Camilo, Roney E. Lima, Lélia V. Milane, and Ângelo F. C. Lemes. "Physical quality of grains subjected to moistening and drying processes for marketing." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 9 (September 2016): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n9p847-855.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The aim was to evaluate the physical quality of conventional and transgenic corn grains, through drying and wetting processes for marketing. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (7 x 3 x 2), corresponding to seven drying times (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min), three temperatures of the drying air (80, 100 and 120 °C) and two hybrids of corn (conventional AG 1051 and transgenic Herculex@ 30S31H). Grain drying was held in convection oven with forced air ventilation while the wetting was done in a B.O.D chamber. The water movement in the grain, the volume and the electrical conductivity were evaluated periodically. The results showed that the transgenic corn grain reduced the negative effects of drying and moistening on the physical quality. The increase in drying air temperature accelerated the physical deterioration of conventional and transgenic corn grains. The increase in water content by the moistening process caused losses in grain physical quality, similar to the drying process, for both the conventional and transgenic corn grains.
37
NOVIKOV, N. N., A. A. ZHARIKHINA, and N. E. SOLOVYEVA. "GRAIN QUALITY FORECASTING BY AMINO ACID CONCENTRATION IN THE LEAF JUICE." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 1 (2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2021-1-29-41.
Full textAbstract:
Field experiments with soft wheat and malting barley, conducted on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil showed that under the influence of increasing rates of nitrogen nutrition in the leaf juice in the first stem node phase, the concentration of amino acids decreases. This fact is confirmed by high correlation coefficients. There is also a close correlation between the concentration of amino acids in the leaf juice, plant productivity and grain quality indicators. Wheat showed a close negative correlation of the concentration of amino acids in the leaf juice with the weight of 1000 grains, the total content of proteins and gluten in the grain, as well as gliadin and glutenin proteins, and a close positive correlation with the content of water-soluble, non-extractable proteins in the grain and the activity of proteases. The concentration of amino acids in the malting barley leaf juice was negatively correlated with the total content of proteins in the grain, the amount of gordeins, the total activity of amylases, and positively correlated with the test value indicators, grain extractivity, and the content of water-soluble proteins in the grain. The research results indicate that the concentration of amino acids in the leaf juice in the first stem node phase provides for a fairly accurate diagnoctics of nitrogen nutrition and prediction of the quality of soft wheat and malting barley grains.
38
Hrušková, M., and I. Švec. "Wheat hardness in relation to other quality factors." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 4 (September 9, 2009): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2009-cjfs.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of the wheat hardness relation to other quality features was done with a set of 281 variety and commercial wheat samples, planted during the years of 2003–2006 in Central Bohemia and south Moravia areas. Technological quality was evaluated for grain, milling process, and flour analytics with the standard laboratory methods. The grain hardness was measured using NIR spectrophotometer Inframatic 8600. Tukey’s test (ANOVA) of the grain hardness was performed for comparison between the means of wheat variety, wheat origin, crop year, growing locality, and farming intensity. As expected, the grain hardness of wheat varieties belonging to different quality classes was independent of either their classification or winter/spring type. Between all four locality means, the grain hardness among 281 samples differed insignificantly, while in the crops of 2004 and 2006 a provable increase of the kernel compactness was observed. The correlation analysis confirmed a role of the grain hardness in the milling quality assessment because of the proved correlation with 11 grain and milling quality features from the 12 tested. The strongest relation was calculated with the grain ash content, semolina yield, and flour protein content (–0.55, 0.52, 0.42, respectively).
39
Sharma, Srigopal, and Avijit Das. "Changing priorities in rice grain and nutritional quality research." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 56, Special Issue (May 29, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2019.56.s.4.
Full textAbstract:
Having achieved self-sufficiency in production, the rice (Oryza sativa) improvement programs now focus on sustaining the gains and enhancing the grain and nutritional quality of rice. Rice farming is labour intensive and is generally not considered remunerative. This calls for the efforts to breed rice varieties not only with higher productivity but also with superior grain quality fit for mass consumption as well as for industrial production of breakfast cereals and other rice based products. A sound understanding of the factors that contribute to the overall grain quality of rice will lay the foundation for developing new breeding and selection strategies for combining quality with high yield. With availability of some molecular markers and the information on genes controlling rice quality traits, breeding strategies now focus on improving rice grain quality by exploiting such genes. Traditionally, characteristics like right shape (medium and long slender rice grains), translucent endosperm, good milling quality, high head rice recovery, excellent cooking /eating quality, good elongation and pleasant aroma were considered important for a variety to qualify as quality rice. Besides these, thin husk, high nutrient density, least nutrient losses during milling /washing and lesser cooking time are also considered desirable traits. Of late, high nutrient density (with emphasis on increased iron, zinc, protein, provitaminA carotenoids in grain), low phytate, low glycemic index, high antioxidant value and therapeutic value and suitability to develop consumer products are also being pursued as quality/speciality traits for rice. The older and the newer traits defining quality and the present day methods that are used to assess quality are briefly discussed.
40
Sharma, Srigopal, and Avijit Das. "Changing priorities in rice grain and nutritional quality research." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 56, Special (May 29, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2019.56.spl.4.
Full textAbstract:
Having achieved self-sufficiency in production, the rice (Oryza sativa) improvement programs now focus on sustaining the gains and enhancing the grain and nutritional quality of rice. Rice farming is labour intensive and is generally not considered remunerative. This calls for the efforts to breed rice varieties not only with higher productivity but also with superior grain quality fit for mass consumption as well as for industrial production of breakfast cereals and other rice based products. A sound understanding of the factors that contribute to the overall grain quality of rice will lay the foundation for developing new breeding and selection strategies for combining quality with high yield. With availability of some molecular markers and the information on genes controlling rice quality traits, breeding strategies now focus on improving rice grain quality by exploiting such genes. Traditionally, characteristics like right shape (medium and long slender rice grains), translucent endosperm, good milling quality, high head rice recovery, excellent cooking /eating quality, good elongation and pleasant aroma were considered important for a variety to qualify as quality rice. Besides these, thin husk, high nutrient density, least nutrient losses during milling /washing and lesser cooking time are also considered desirable traits. Of late, high nutrient density (with emphasis on increased iron, zinc, protein, provitaminA carotenoids in grain), low phytate, low glycemic index, high antioxidant value and therapeutic value and suitability to develop consumer products are also being pursued as quality/speciality traits for rice. The older and the newer traits defining quality and the present day methods that are used to assess quality are briefly discussed.
41
Křen, Jan, Martin Houšť, Ludvík Tvarůžek, and Zdeněk Jergl. "The effect of stand structure on the grain quality of spring barley." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 4 (April 23, 2019): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/584/2018-pse.
Full textAbstract:
The results of 81 different crop management practices in spring barley grown in small-plot field trials on fertile soils in central Moravia were assessed during 2014–2016 with the aim to achieve the highest gross margin (GM – calculated as the difference between revenues and direct costs). GM was most affected by protein content in the grain below 12% corresponding to malting quality. Analyses identified greater determination level of non-linear relationships between stand structure elements and the content of nitrogen substances in the grain. This indicates that the probability of obtaining high quality malting barley is increased when a high level of sinks (number of grains/m<sup>2</sup>) corresponding to availability of sources, mainly water, is formed by optimal plant density (300–400/m<sup>2</sup>) and balanced combination of both structural elements of crop stand, i.e. – number of spikes per plant (2–4) and number of grains per spike (18–26). In case that the high level of sinks will be formed predominantly by one element, the risk of higher protein content in grain increases. This constitutes the requirement of early sowing and uniform, synchronized tillering and efficient use of nitrogen fertilizers.
42
Marc Savard. "Management of stored grain quality." Stewart Postharvest Review 3, no. 6 (2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2212/spr.2007.6.7.
Full text
43
Meleshkina, E. P. "Topical issues of grain quality." Khleboproducty, no. 10 (October 2018): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32462/0235-2508-2018-0-10-42-44.
Full text
44
Ayiecho, P. O., S. P. Singh, and D. Thimba. "Popping Quality of Grain Amaranths." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 54, no. 1-2 (July 1988): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.1988.11663554.
Full text
45
Bressani, Ricardo. "Grain quality of common beans." Food Reviews International 9, no. 2 (May 1993): 237–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129309540960.
Full text
46
Denis, Bryan Elwich John, Kahiu Ngugi, and J. M. Kimani. "Genotypic Performance of Kenyan Rice Cultivars for Grain Yield and Quality." Journal of Agricultural Studies 10, no. 4 (November 27, 2022): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v10i4.20372.
Full textAbstract:
Rice is the third most important staple food in Kenya after maize and wheat and it is mostly grown by small scale farmers both for food and cash under irrigated and rainfed production systems. In this study, fourteen F 2.3 segregating populations together with their parental lines, were evaluated during the long and short rainy seasons of 2016/2017 at the Mwea Research Station (KALRO) in a randomized complete block design of three replications for grain yield, quality and agronomic traits. There were significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied. Genotypes, Nerica 1, Nerica 2 and Basmati-370 matured earliest, whereas genotype, Basmati-370 gave the highest grain yields in both seasons. The F1 generations of crosses of Dourado x Nerica 3 and Mwur 4 x Nerica 3 had the highest positive Specific Combining Ability (SCA) gene effects for panicle length, days to flowering and grain yield. However in the F 2.3 generations, the progenies of Nerica 2 x Basmati-370 and Nerica 3 x Basmati-370 had the highest grain yields. Generations of Nerica 10 x Mwur 4 crosses, had the longest grains whereas the Basmati-370 genotype had the strongest aroma. Generations of NERICA 3 x Basmati 370 and NERICA 2 x Basmati 370 crosses were of mild aroma, but those of K1-99 x KOMBOKA and NERCA 10 were non aromatic. Grain yield was positively significantly correlated with number of productive tillers, number of filled grains and 1000 grain weight indicating that these traits could serve as secondary selection indices for yield. It is inferred that breeding rice cultivars with improved traits for grain yield, long grain and strong aroma would benefit from the utilization of parental and population germplasm identified in this study, in the pursuit of filling the current rice production deficit in the Kenyan consumer markets.
47
O'Brien, L. "Genotype and environment effects on feed grain quality." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 5 (1999): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98162.
Full textAbstract:
The extent of genotype and location effects on chemical composition and nutritive value of grains fed to animals was surveyed. The review covered the winter cereals (wheat, barley, oats, and triticale), the summer cereals (sorghum and maize), and the pulses (field pea, lupins, faba beans, and chickpea) when fed to cattle, sheep, poultry, pigs, rats, and mice. The bulk of the literature does not meet the statistical criteria required to differentiate genotype and environment effects. When the criteria were satisfied, significant genotype differences were shown to exist for chemical composition in wheat, barley, triticale, and sorghum, for nutritive value as determined by methods in vitro in wheat, barley, oats, triticale, and sorghum, and in vivo for wheat, barley, triticale, sorghum, and maize. Valid comparisons across grain species are few, but in vitro gas production ranks wheat > oats > barley. Significant location, year, genotype × location, genotype × year, and genotype × location × year effects were reported for nutritive value for some grains. Wheat feeding trials with poultry indicate that environment can affect apparent metabolisable energy (AME) as much as, if not more than, genotype. A greater range in nutritive value appears to exist in barley than in wheat. The information is unclear in the case of triticale, where despite some reports claiming that grain of this species has high lysine content, the difference does not appear to translate to improved performance in animals. Insufficient studies exist for oats despite it being one of the most widely used on-farm feed grains. No examples could be found of studies with rye. The most thoroughly researched grain has been sorghum, which is principally grown in developed countries for feeding to livestock. Here, some definitive studies have been conducted to define the extent of genotype, location, and genotype × environment interaction effects. Scope exists to enhance the nutritive value of sorghum by breeding through modification of endosperm composition, tannin content, and improved protein digestibility. Variation in endosperm composition in maize due to simply inherited mutations provides the opportunity to improve its nutritive value. This review indicates that before any plant breeding is undertaken for feed grain quality, a better understanding of what determines nutritive value and the relative importance of genotype and environment in modulating these factors is required.
48
Pinto, Vinicius Duarte, Lucas Mingotti Dias, Renata Henrique Hoscher, Fabiano Rodrigo Gomes, Marcelo Alvares de Oliveira, and Vanderleia Schoeninger. "Quality of soy bean grain stored in bag silo." Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - Reveng 29 (March 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.9939.
Full textAbstract:
Because of the rise in the use of bag silo in the last harvests due to the lack of static capacity in Brazil, the storage of grain in type of structure is currently seen as a solution to our storage deficit. Thus, the importance of maintaining the quality of grains for commercialization in these systems is considered. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the quality of soybean grain stored in a silo bag, in the region of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazilian Central-West. The experiment was carried out in a cooperative, where soybean grain stored in silo bag are collected. The product had been received, processed at the end of the summer harvest and previously stored in metallic silos, and then transferred to the silo bags upon reception of the winter harvest. Thus, soybeans with an average water content of 11% w.b. were packed in bags composed of high-density polyethylene and hermetically sealed over a total period of 125 days, with collections of data on temperature and air relative humidity and grain sampling every 40 days. The collected samples were subjected to plant classification and analyses of water content, water activity, protein, lipids and color parameters were also performed. Na average rise of 5° C was observed in the temperature and 14% for air relative humidity which resulted in the of moldy and fermented grains after 125 days in the bags. The storage period factor was significant (p <0.05) in the variables of water content, color and oil. It was concluded that for soybeans the storage period in hermetic bags influences the quality of the grains and the internal environmental conditions in these structures are influenced by the convective microcurrents observed in the different positions inside the silo bag.
49
Neto, Antônio R., Douglas G. Castro, Camila S. C. Da Silva, Laís M. Tomé, Priscila Z. Bassinello, and Flávia B. S. Botelho. "Selection Strategies for Grain Quality in Upland Rice Lines." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p443.
Full textAbstract:
The grain quality in rice is extremely important for breeding programs, in order to select lines that meet the standards demanded by the market. The quality attribute is composed by several characteristics, which can make difficult the work for breeder. Thus, the objective in this study was to verify the efficiency of the selection indexes in order to select upland rice lines that meet the grain quality standards. Fourteen lines of the Cultivation and Use Value test (CUV) of the upland rice breeding program of the Federal University of Lavras were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Lavras-MG and Lambari-MG in the seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The experimental was a randomized block design with three replications. The following characteristics were evaluated to compose the indexes: grain yield, minimum cooking time, water absorption index, grain chalkiness, integer grain percentage, grain length and width, apparent amylose content and gelatinization temperature. The following selection indexes were compared: Base index of Willians, Sum of “Ranks” of Mulamb and Mock, and Index Sum of Standardized Variables (Z Index) and also was held direct selection through grain yield. It was observed that the Base index obtained good gains with the selection for grain yield, but it was inefficient for the quality characteristics, results when used direct selection. The Ranks and Z index obtained superior and balanced gains for the characteristics, showing up more efficient in the selection of upland rice lines aiming at the quality of grains.
50
Allen, H. M., J. K. Pumpa, and G. D. Batten. "Effect of frost on the quality of samples of Janz wheat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 5 (2001): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00187.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of frost damage on wheat grain quality was examined in samples of an Australian Prime Hard wheat cultivar Janz. Wheat grain samples that were lightly frosted, severely frosted and unfrosted were obtained from the Riverina district of New South Wales. Each frosted sample was separated by sieving into 2 fractions by size using a commercial grader that was equipped with an aspirator. As the degree of frost damage in the samples increased, grain size decreased, flour extraction decreased, flour ash increased, flour colour deteriorated, dough strength decreased, baking quality decreased, α-amylase activity increased and falling number decreased. Quality assessment of the separated grain fractions showed that the large grains (>2 mm) in both lightly frosted and severely frosted crops were equal or better than the unfrosted sample in all tested quality parameters. The large grain fraction fully met the Australian Prime Hard receival standards and was of quality commensurate with the grade. Separation of grain by size was calculated to be commercially viable for up to 50% frost damage. A commercial flourmill purchased frosted feed grain, followed the sieving procedure, and produced large grain consistent with unfrosted wheat that was subsequently used for normal processing.