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Journal articles on the topic 'Grain industry'
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Mantai, Rubia Diana, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Francine Lautenchleger, Roberto Carbonera, Luiz Antônio Rasia, Adriana Roselia Kraisig, et al. "Contribution of nitrogen on industrial quality of oat grain components and the dynamics of relations with yield." March 2021, no. 15(03):2021 (March 5, 2021): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.03.p2592.
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Understanding the magnitude of contribution and relationships of industrial quality components to yield by nitrogen stimulation can drive strategies with benefits to the food industry. The objective of this study is to measure and interpret the contribution and relationship dynamics of the components of oat industrial quality with grain and industry yield by nitrogen stimulation, partitioning the correlation values in direct and indirect effects by path diagnosis, in proposing strategies that promote benefits to the food industry. The study was conducted from 2011 to 2016, in a randomized block design with four replications in 4x2 factorial for nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) in separate environments soybean/oat and corn/oat succession system. The increase of nitrogen promoted greater change in the mass of caryopsis in soybean/oat system and the thousand grain mass and number of grains greater than 2 mm in corn/oat system, with a tendency of reduction. In soybean/oat system, grain and industry yields can be simultaneously incremented by direct increase via one thousand grain mass and indirect increase by caryopsis mass. In corn/oat system the grain yield does not show any relationship with industrial quality variables. However, the industral productivity is benefited by the increase of the number of grains larger than 2 mm. The management proposition in the improvement of the grain and industry productivity characteristics by nitrogen is dependent on the high succession and reduced N-residual release systems
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Carter, C. A., and R. M. A. Loyns. "The Prairie Grain Industry in Western Transition." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 11 (July 1985): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551052.
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Charumbira, Martin, and Tafirenyika Sunde. "Seller Concentration in the Grain Milling Industry." American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 2, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajebasp.2010.247.252.
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Hunter, R. A., P. M. Kennedy, and E. J. Sparke. "Impact of grain-based ethanol production on the cattle feedlot industry in eastern Australia: grain supply." Animal Production Science 59, no. 4 (2019): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17527.
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Statistical data from the years 1998–2005 were used to investigate the capacity of the grain industry in eastern Australia to supply the grain necessary for inclusion of 10% ethanol in petrol (E10), in addition to the demands of grain for feedlot cattle. Evidence is provided that the variations in grain yields and grain consumption by cattle in these years are representative of the on-going situation and that interpretations and conclusions have continuing relevance. During 1998–2005, annual production of cereal grains in eastern Australia varied between 10 and 25 million tonnes. Similar fluctuations (11 and 27 million tonnes) in annual grain yields were observed between 2006 and 2014. The Australian potential requirement for E10 ethanol is ~2500 ML annually, with a grain usage of 6.1–7.6 million tonnes depending on the grain sources used. Established national grain demand for ruminant and monogastric livestock, human consumption and other domestic uses is ~7.5 million tonnes per year. In years of average or higher grain yields in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, the combined grain surpluses are more than sufficient for E10 ethanol to be produced domestically. In the years of the lowest grain yields, the surplus over more traditional usages is sufficient to satisfy only 50% of potential demand for E10. The greatest densities of feedlot cattle are in south-eastern Queensland, northern New South Wales and in the Murrumbidgee region of southern New South Wales. On a regional basis, the grain surplus to feedlot demand in most years in south-eastern Queensland is not sufficient to satisfy requirement for ethanol production without competition for grain. In years of highest yields, the grain surplus was sufficient for a 240-ML ethanol plant. Northern New South Wales could support at least two 400-ML plants in years of average and above yields, once established grain demands are met. The grain shortfall in years of lowest yield for one 400-ML plant is about half a million tonnes. Grain surpluses in average years in the Murrumbidgee region are sufficient to support at least one 400-ML plant. In years of lowest yield, only a 160-ML plant could be supported without competition for grain.
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Torres, Ariana P., Nicholas A. Lancaster, and Luiz H. B. Vilas Boas. "Categorizing Organic Grain Buyers in the Midwestern United States." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 5169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125169.
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Though the demand for organic grains is increasing, domestic supply is falling short. One of the major barriers to entry in the organic grain market for producers is the inability to identify an appropriate buyer, as well as a lack of understanding buyer perceptions, assistance offered, and contracting strategies. While classifications of organic producers exist, and have helped researchers and policymakers develop incentives, no such classification exists for organic grain buyers. Previous works have identified communication gaps between buyers and producers of organic grains, yet buyers’ beliefs and requirements regarding organic grain are not well documented in literature. Drawing from the personal values theory, this study proposes the categorization of organic grain buyers based on their commitment to the organic industry, with categories such as committed organic and pragmatic organic. We profiled grain purchases, buying arrangements, grain requirements, relationships, and business characteristics by buyer type. Means comparisons among groups showed that committed organic buyers seem to be primarily driven by social focus values, while pragmatic organic buyers tend to show values related to personal focus. A principal component analysis suggested the existence of three components constructed by contract-, perceptions-, and relationship-oriented characteristics in buyers. Our results allowed us to identify potential marketing opportunities by providing insight regarding types of assistance offered by buyers, how to build and maintain a relationship with buyers, types of purchasing agreements used, and purchasing agreement characteristics and requirements. Industry stakeholders can use this information to identify appropriate buyers based on times contracts are signed, payment timing, storage and transportation requirements, and the amount of organic practice documentation buyers require. Our categorization can provide the foundation for further research in the organic grain industry.
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Jones, Oliver A. H. "Assessing pre-harvest sprouting in cereals using near-infrared spectroscopy-based metabolomics." NIR news 28, no. 1 (February 2017): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960336016687945.
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This paper presents some preliminary work assessing the potential for near-infrared-based metabolomics to provide an accurate test for detecting the early germination/pre-harvest sprouting of grains, particularly barley and wheat. Our results indicate that near-infrared spectroscopy is not only able to determine if the grain has germinated (or started germinating) or not germinated well before shoots appear but can also provide an indication of how long the germination process has been occurring for. Since near-infrared-based methods are already well established in the grain industry, this technique has the potential to form the basis of a simple, fast test that could be used on the farm as well as during storage and transport to detect early germination and allow segregation of sound and mildly sprouted grain; this could have significant economic benefits for the grain industry.
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PRAVDIUK, Nataliia, and KATERYNA BURKO. "INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MONITORING THE STATE OF THE GRAIN INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EURO INTEGRATION." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 4(58) (December 24, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2021-4-3.
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The needs of information support for monitoring the state of the grain industry at different levels of management are investigated. For the purposes of European integration, economic and management processes must be brought to the EU requirements, in particular Directive 1306/2013 Financing, management and monitoring of agricultural policy. The analysis of the grain industry of Ukraine in terms of production indicators, international measurement production of grain crops is carried out. The dynamics of the balance of grain crops in Ukraine for 2015-2020 is studied. The methodological foundations of the formation of basic indicators for monitoring the grain industry are generalized, the components of the structure of its information support are highlighted. The definition of information support for monitoring the grain industry as a process of scientifically grounded collection of data on the selection of objects of observation, systematization and generalization in order to ensure the management process for the formation of an effective agricultural policy is given. Based on the analysis of the state, the features of information resources of the market of services for the production of domestic consumption and export are formed. The needs of managing the grain industry at the micro, meso and macro levels are highlighted. The main directions of monitoring at the macro level for state support for the development of the industry are formulated. Peculiarities of grain industry expenses are revealed on the example of normative materials accompanying the accounting on the chain of formation of value added of the grain industry of agro-industrial complex in the sphere of processing. The features and the need for monitoring the development of the grain industry are investigated and its main criteria for the formation of a national grain strategy, coordination of its development with the situation in the world and the EU are described. The review of measures, contributing to the further development of information support of the grain industry of Ukraine, is carried out.
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Petrova, Svetlana, and Danil Zyukin. "Applications of geoinformation technologies in the grain farming industry." BIO Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 00117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213700117.
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The paper studies the introduction and the most effective use of information technologies in grain economy, the largest and most important segment of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The state of this segment strongly determines the food security and the development of related agricultural areas. Information technology is presented as a fundamental factor in the increase of the competitiveness of national grain in global market, as it ensures cost optimization at all stages of the reproduction chain of the grain-product sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex: from the cultivation of grain crops to logistics operations and grain delivery to international partners. There are many grain production automation areas. Geoinformation technologies are the most effective and rapidly developing area. The article examines modules that can be combined into a single information system that can be used by grain producers or as independent software systems. Within each direction, attention is paid to each area. The article aims to find the most efficient and less costly ways to increase the volume of grain production. The study found out that the automation of even one area can increase the turnover in grain production. However, this method is not less expensive. It requires various resources: financial, technical, time, and labour ones.
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Deng, Zhao Hui, Zhi Gang Xu, Qiao Ping Wu, and Xiao Hong Zhang. "Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in a Grinding Wheel with Defined Grain Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.314.
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It is achieved that abrasive grains could be ordered on the surface of a grinding wheel using modern manufacturing methods. The excellent feature of a grain-arranged grinding wheel is that it can increase the proportion of active grains, improve the cutting efficiency, increase the chip volume space, effectively reduce the grinding temperature, prolong the service life of the grinding wheel and improve the surface finish of workpiece. Consequently, in the area of academic and industry the research of a grain-arranged grinding wheel has become a hot research topic, and more and more scholars focus on the research of the grain-arranged grinding wheel. In this paper, distribution patterns of abrasive grains were introduced; molding techniques for distributing abrasive grains were summed up; progress in research and future research trends of a grain-arranged grinding wheel was presented.
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Nagy, Vivien, and Gerda Diósi. "Using brewer’s spent grain as a byproduct of the brewing industry in the bakery industry." Élelmiszervizsgálati Közlemények 67, no. 1 (2021): 3339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52091/evik-2021/1-5-eng.
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The utilization of food industry byproducts is one of today’s important environmental and economic tasks. Byproducts that form during food production are typically used for feed purposes, but in many cases these materials can also be used in the production of human foods. The brewer’s spent grain left behind after brewing beer is a byproduct with favorable nutrition parameters, with low sugar and high fiber and protein contents. The main objective of our experiments was the reintroduction of brewer’s spent grain into the food industry, with a focus on innovation and sustainable development, by utilizing it in commercially available bakery products (salty medallions / wafers) formulated and regulated in the Hungarian Food Codex. Brewer’s spent grain consists of vegetable proteins and fibers (inactive malt), which may improve the compositional characteristics when preparing bakery products. In the course of our research, medallions enriched with brewer’s spent grain were prepared, of the beneficial parameters of which its high dietary fiber content should be highlighted, which can contribute to the realization of a health-conscious diet for consumers. A diet rich in dietary fiber, combined with an adequate amount of exercise, can reduce the risk of developing certain diseases (e.g., cancer and cardiovascular diseases).
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Vachal, Kimberly, and Heidi Reichert. "U.S. Containerized Grain and Oilseed Exports: Industry Profile." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1820, no. 1 (January 2003): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1820-09.
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Diversification of production agriculture has received much attention in recent years. As producers and customers adapt to technologically advanced production and marketing systems, it is important to consider opportunities available for adding value to raw grain through alternative handling and transportation options. One such opportunity that has been more widely recognized in recent years is marketing grain products via container. It has been estimated that this option is currently used in marketing about 1% of U.S. grain production, with growth to 3% expected in the next 5 years. A profile is presented of the U.S. containerized grain and oilseed export industry, including marketing activities, future expectations, information needs, and business practices. Information developed concerning shipment origins, commodity volumes, and market destinations provides an industry profile that might be used as a tool in research, development, planning, and enhancement of opportunities for containerized marketing of grain products.
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Shaimerdenova, D. A., Zh M. Chakanova, D. M. Iskakova, G. T. Sarbassova, M. B. Bekbolatova, and A. A. Yesmambetov. "Storage of extruded cereal and legume grain bases in ion-ozone medium." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.15.
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The modern food industry seeks to produce ecologically healthy and clean food products. However, finding effective means of storing raw materials without losing their quality is still a major problem faced by the industry. One of the promising methods on long-term storage of grain bases for good quality and safety is the ion-ozone cavitation treatment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of various ion-ozone treatment parameters on the quality and safety factors of millet, buckwheat, chickpea, and lentil grain bases at the Food Quality and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Almaty University of Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan. With ozonation, the buckwheat grain bases showed a significant increase in fatty acids, the millet and chickpea grains showed a slight increase, while the lentil seeds exhibited a slight decrease in fatty acids compared to the control. Overall, by treating with a low concentration of ion-ozone, the buckwheat showed fewer microorganisms; in chickpea grains the molds and yeast did not develop; in millet grains the yeast was absent and molds were not higher than control; and in lentil grain bases, the permissible yeast growth with no molds was observed. The storage life of extruded grain bases after ion-ozone cavitation treatment increased by a minimum of 60 days (millet) and to more than 240 days (buckwheat). The optimum basic parameters were determined, ensuring a maximum shelf life of up to eight months without losing the quality of the cereals and legume grain products. The said procedure was found as an effective measure for long-term storage of the extruded grain bases with sustainable safety and quality.
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Pashkang, N. N., A. B. Martynushkin, A. G. Krasnikov, I. V. Fedoskina, and E. A. Strokova. "The efficiency of grain production industry in Ryazan region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032091.
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Abstract Based on the identified trends, patterns and features of the development of the grain production industry in Ryazan region, a conclusion was made about the existing potential and the prospect of support for agricultural organizations specializing in the production of grain, the development of seed production of winter wheat and spring barley, the use of innovative technologies for their cultivation and harvesting. The team of authors revealed that one of the main problems in the development of the grain production industry both in Ryazan region and in Russia was a decrease in the level of technical equipment of agricultural enterprises with modern grain harvesters. To solve this problem, it is proposed at the level of the regional government to purchase a license from developers for the production of devices that reduce grain losses during threshing and cleaning, create jobs for the production of these devices and modernize grain harvesters in the region, that will allow getting a larger percentage of high-quality food and seed grain, to replenish the regional budget with an additional amount of taxes, the receipt of which will exceed the costs of purchasing a license and organizing additional jobs.
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Abro, Shahid Hussain, Alidad Chandio, Iftikhar Ahmed Channa, and Abdulaziz S. Alaboodi. "Role of Automotive Industry in Global Warming." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 62, no. 3 (November 28, 2019): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.62.3.2019.197.201.
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Global warming and air pollution by human made gases such as CO2, is mainly produced by automotive industry that results in great risk for human health. The aim of this study is to reduce the above problem by using the high strength materials with low density in the manufacturing of automotive vehicles. An approach applied here is to enhance the strength by reducing the grain size, lowering the density and increasing elongation. Four steel samples with different chemical compositions were selected. Samples were heat treated from 850 °C to 1250 °C and cooled in water. Grain size distribution was calculated using matrox inspector software and result was plotted using origin. It was found that 850 °C has lowest and 1250 °C has highest grain sizes. Strength of steel can be increased not only by adding the alloying elements but also by controlling grain size. Light weight material consumes lower fuel and emits lower CO2, thus it minimizes the global warming and air pollution.
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Simmons, Aaron T., Alexandra Murray, Philippa M. Brock, Timothy Grant, Annette L. Cowie, Sandra Eady, and Bharat Sharma. "Life cycle inventories for the Australian grains sector." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 7 (2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18412.
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Grain production is a key source of food globally and is an important agricultural system for the Australian economy. Environmental impacts such as the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) associated with grain production are well documented and the Australian grains industry has strived to ensure ongoing improvement. To facilitate this improvement, the industry funded the development of life cycle inventories to provide broad geographical coverage. Cradle-to-gate inventories for wheat were developed for each of the grains industry agro-ecological zones, and inventories were developed for minor cereal crops (e.g. barley, sorghum), oilseeds (i.e. canola) and legumes where relevant. Data for inventory development were taken from numerous sources and validated by using data collected through interviews with experts in each agro-ecological zone. Inventory data were also collected so that indicators in addition to global-warming impacts could be assessed. Global warming impacts for wheat production ranged from 193 to 567 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e) t–1, and global warming impacts were 597–851, 333–361, 169–285 and 74–672 kg CO2-e t–1 for canola, sorghum, barley and grain-legume production, respectively. Results for eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, land-use and abiotic depletion (fossil-fuel use) are also presented.
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Farrukh, Sarah, and M. Bilal Khan. "MITIGATION OF SLIVERS USING A NEW PROPELLANT GRAIN DESIGN TO IMPROVE PROPULSION SYSTEMS." Aviation 16, no. 3 (October 2, 2012): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2012.732320.
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The research work addresses mathematical modelling and computational analysis of novel solid propellant grain configuration. The aviation industry is working on propulsion systems as well. For high thrust in rockets, space ships, and even in aircraft, solid propellant grains can be used as fuel. Grain design is a vital and integral part of solid propellant design. The designer has many options available for selecting grain configuration. Several design parameters – volumetric loading fractions, web fraction, length to diameter ratio, and port area – are normally tailored to mission demands. The star grain configuration has been a mainstay in this industry since 1935. The star grain configuration does however have a long-standing drawback, namely the formation of slivers. In this paper we present a new grain configuration, the “rose petal”, which overcomes the drawback of the traditional star grain design. The configuration is modelled using relevant internal ballistic relations. The design computation is executed in MATLAB. Thrust and time and burn area time curves are generated for a prescribed port area. Comparisons are drawn between the two configurations, clearly revealing that the new configuration obviates the occurrence of unwanted slivers otherwise generated in the old star design, which lowers the efficiency of all those propulsion systems in which solid propellants are used.
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Vachal, Kimberly, Heidi Reichert, and Tamara Van Wechel. "U.S. Containerized Grain and Oilseed Exports: Industry Survey." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1873, no. 1 (January 2004): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1873-14.
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Gavrilkova, N. Yu. "Economic efficiency of production in the grain industry." Science Almanac, no. 5 (2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17117/na.2015.05.011.
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Dyganova, Roza, and Alena Gordeeva. "Greening by grain waste recycling in cereal industry." E3S Web of Conferences 161 (2020): 01098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016101098.
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Ecologically feasible ways of cereal wastes recycling are considered and their comparative analysis is carried out. The description of granulation methods for waste is especially investigated and the most effective technical solution for the studied elevator is proposed. Grain wastes of category III are not suitable for cattle and poultry feeding, therefore, they are stored in the territories adjacent to a grain processing enterprise for a certain time, and then they are taken to the landfill or burnt. The wastes include the wastes from the process of grain cleaning with the grain content of not more than 2% and with the presence of straw particles - buckwheat, oats, barley and suction husks, scouring black dust. The given waste type of elevator has properties that make it possible to use them as a secondary material resource. Their recycling acquires an important environmental, economic and energy-saving significance. In Western Europe, the use of solid fuels - granules and briquettes - has become widespread. The main types of plant-growing subcomplex wastes in agro-industrial complex, which are used for solid, liquid or gaseous biofuels production, are straw, cut and husk of cereals crops, peeling, corn shell, flax bonfire and other plant materials.
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Mahaney, F. X. "Pesticide Exposure In Grain Industry Raises Cancer Rates." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 82, no. 10 (May 16, 1990): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.10.817.
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Jiang, Sichao, James Nolan, and Wesley W. Wilson. "Exit Decisions in the Canadian Grain Elevator Industry." Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 22, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10842-021-00373-5.
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McMackin, Elaine, Moira Dean, Jayne V. Woodside, and Michelle C. McKinley. "Whole grains and health: attitudes to whole grains against a prevailing background of increased marketing and promotion." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 4 (July 4, 2012): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012003205.
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AbstractObjectiveTo explore current awareness and perceptions of whole grain foods and perceived barriers and facilitators of whole grain consumption.DesignFocus groups were conducted to investigate consumer attitudes to whole grains. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.SettingDiscussions were held throughout Northern Ireland with adults who were at least partly responsible for food shopping.SubjectsSeven focus groups were held (n 43; thirty-three females, ten males).ResultsAll participants were aware of the term ‘whole grain’ and had a basic level of awareness of their health benefits. Prominent barriers and facilitators of whole grain intake were related to perceptions of the sensory properties (most dominant factor) of whole grains; knowledge of how to locate, identify and use whole grains; and awareness of the health benefits, perceived cost and family influences. Parents of young children appeared to be altruistically motivated with many stating they wanted to ensure their children consumed whole grains in order to establish good eating habits.ConclusionsParticipants were generally aware of the term ‘whole grain’; however, even against a background of increased availability and promotion of whole grain foods, many key barriers to whole grain consumption were still evident. Alongside general education efforts, opportunities and challenges exist for the food industry to develop novel, but affordable, food products that are able to deliver whole grains in a wide variety of forms, including whole grains ‘in disguise’ for those who are most resistant to change.
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Akila, A., and P. Shalini. "Food grain storage management system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (May 29, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.31.13433.
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Food grain Wastage cripples a country’s economy to a great extent. Food grain wastage is also associated with wastage of water, manpower during agricultural activities and electricity power used in food processing industries. It even causes deforestation. Adequate measures have to be taken to properly store the food grains so that they remain edible. The proposed storage management system uses the sensors to measure the levels of humidity, temperature and ammonia gas which will help us monitor quality of the food grains. The main idea is to identify the quality of the food grains using the sensors such as Temperature, Humidity and Ammonia Gas. The Quality of the food grain is measured using the factors like Humidity, Temperature and Ammonia gas sensors and sent through Wireless Communication to the server and the server makes the decision and alarms about the quality of the food grain to the maintenance people. Food grain Wastage cripples a country’s economy to a great extent. Food grain wastage is also associated with wastage of water, manpower during agricultural activities and electricity power used in food processing industries. It even causes deforestation. Adequate measures have to be taken to properly store the food grains so that they remain edible. The proposed storage management system uses the sensors to measure the levels of humidity, temperature and ammonia gas which will help us monitor quality of the food grains. The standard of identifying the food quality could be improved by using more sensors and can be implemented in the Food Storage Industry.
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van der Kamp, Jan-Willem, Julie Miller Jones, Kevin B. Miller, Alastair B. Ross, Chris J. Seal, Bin Tan, and Eleanor J. Beck. "Consensus, Global Definitions of Whole Grain as a Food Ingredient and of Whole-Grain Foods Presented on Behalf of the Whole Grain Initiative." Nutrients 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010138.
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Proposed global definitions of whole grain as an ingredient and whole grain food are presented by the authors on behalf of the Whole Grain Initiative. Whole grains are an important pillar of healthy and sustainable diets. Internationally accepted credible definitions of whole grains as food ingredients and whole-grain foods are necessary to ensure that all global stakeholders have shared standards, and that consumers find them clear, credible, and useful. Based on widely accepted, existing definitions and new developments, the Definitions Working Group of the global Whole Grain Initiative, with experts from academia, government agencies and industry, developed definitions for global application. The key statements of the definition documents are as follows: “Whole grains shall consist of the intact, ground, cracked, flaked or otherwise processed kernel after the removal of inedible parts such as the hull and husk; all anatomical components, including the endosperm, germ, and bran must be present in the same relative proportions as in the intact kernel” and “A whole-grain food shall contain at least 50% whole-grain ingredients based on dry weight. Foods containing 25–50% whole-grain ingredients based on dry weight, may make a front-of-pack claim on the presence of whole grain but cannot be designated ‘whole grain’ in the product name”. The definition documents have been ratified by the leading international scientific associations in this area. We urge that these consensus Whole Grain Initiative definitions be adopted as the basis for definitions used by national regulatory authorities and for health promotion organisations worldwide to use in nutrition education and food labelling.
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Girard, Réjean, Jonathan Tremblay, Alexandre Néron, Hugues Longuépée, and Sheida Makvandi. "Automated Gold Grain Counting. Part 2: What a Gold Grain Size and Shape Can Tell!" Minerals 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040379.
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Glacial drift exploration methods are well established and widely used by mineral industry exploring for blind deposit in northern territories, and rely on the dispersion of mineral or chemical signal in sediments derived from an eroded mineralized source. Gold grains themselves are the prime indicator minerals to be used for the detection of blind gold deposits. Surprisingly, very little attention has been dedicated to the information that size and shape of gold grain can provide, other than a simple shape classification based on modification affecting the grains that are induced in the course of sediment transport. With the advent of automated scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based gold grain detection, high magnification backscattered electron images of each grain are routinely acquired, which can be used for accurate size measurement and shape analysis. A library with 88,613 gold grain images has been accumulated from various glacial sediment surveys on the Canadian Shield and used to detect trends in grains size and shape. A series of conclusions are drawn: (1) grain size distribution is consistent among various surveys and areas, (2) there is no measurable fine-grained gold loss due to natural elutriation in ablation or reworked till, or during the course of reverse circulation drilling, (3) there is no grain size sorting during glacial transport, severing small grains from large ones, (4) shape modification induced by transport is highly dependent on grain size and original shapes, and (5) the use of grain shape inherited from neighboring minerals in the source rocks is a useful feature when assessing deposit types and developing exploration strategies.
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Mantai, Rubia D., José A. G. da Silva, Roberto Carbonera, Ivan R. Carvalho, Francine Lautenchleger, and Laura M. Pereira. "Technical and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use on the yield and quality of oat grains." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 8 (August 2021): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n8p529-537.
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ABSTRACT The efficiency of nitrogen use by oats in association with climatic conditions is fundamental to the development of more sustainable managements with yield and quality. The objectives of this study were to define the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen by the ratio of the dose provided and product obtained, estimate the maximum technical efficiency of the nutrient on grain yield; and for the optimum dose, simulate the expression of the straw and industry yields, protein and total fiber in different conditions of the agricultural year in a soybean/oat system. The study was conducted from 2011 to 2016, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four repetitions in a 4 x 2 factorial referring to nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) in a soybean/oat system. Nitrogen increased grain, straw, and industry yields and total grain protein, with agronomic efficiency of 7.8, 19.7 and 3.3 kg ha-1 and 0.10 g kg-1, respectively, with reduction of the total fiber in 0.05 g kg-1 per kg of N supplied. The dose of maximum technical efficiency in the expression of grain yield is dependent on the weather conditions during cultivation. In general, the maximum efficiency of grain productivity was obtained with 86 kg ha-1 of N, with linear equations showing increased productivity of straw and industry yield, total protein, and reduction of the fiber content of oat grains by nitrogen use.
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Zakshevskaya, E. V., and S. V. Kuksin. "TRENDS AND FORECAST PARAMETERS OF GRAIN PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND EXPORT DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA." Scientific Review Theory and Practice 11, no. 8 (2021): 2314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2021-11-8-2314-2326.
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The article examines the current state of the grain market at the level of federal districts and in the Russian Federation as a whole, it is noted that, despite severe weather conditions, the gross harvest of 2020 became the second largest in the history of Russia. The leaders in grain production in 2020 were the Central, Volga and Southern, in terms of the area of crops – the Volga, Southern, Siberian and Central Federal districts. The yield of grain and leguminous crops for the analyzed period 1990–2020 increased by 46.7% and averaged 28.6 c/ha in the country. The analysis of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the development of Agriculture for 2017–2025 and its subprograms, the Long-term strategy for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035, an assessment of the new indicator «provision of seeds of the main agricultural crops of domestic selection», presented in the Doctrine of Food Security 2020, is given. It is noted that in the world grain market over the past 30 years, Russia’s export potential has grown 24.3 times and reached 48.7 million tons, which corresponds to the third place in the world in grain exports (12% of the market volume) and the first place in wheat exports (20% of the market volume). Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain imports, investments for the development of both the grain industry and processing, and market infrastructure, including grain storage and warehousing systems, are given. Grain balance, export dynamics, including for individual grain crops, changes in export sales prices are considered. The main directions of development and improvement of the grain market for the future are presented: attracting investments in the grain industry; increasing the production of grain complex products and improving their quality by increasing the acreage by introducing unused land into circulation; increasing domestic grain consumption for feed purposes due to the development of the livestock industry and industrial grain processing; improving infrastructure and logistics of the grain industry; improving the scientific and technical base of the grain industry; improvement of measures of state regulation of grain production; increase of domestic grain consumption and development of export potential.
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Li, Jinghao, Manuel Sage, Xianglin Zhou, Mathieu Brochu, and Yaoyao Fiona Zhao. "Machine Learning for Competitive Grain Growth Behavior in Additive Manufacturing Ti6Al4V." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032103004.
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Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) technology is now changing the pattern of the high-end manufacturing industry, among which MAM fabricated Ti6Al4V has been far the most extensively investigated material and attracts a lot of research interests. This work established a deep neural network (DNN) to investigate the grain boundary in competitive grain growth for a bi-crystal system, the column β grains of Ti6Al4V as an example. Because of the limited number of experimental samples, the DNN is trained based on the data coming from the Geometrical Limited criterion. A series of direct energy deposition experiment using Ti6Al4V is carried out under the Taguchi experimental design. The grain boundary angles between the column grains are measured in the experiment and used to evaluate the accuracy of DNN.
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Frolov, Dmitry, Milana Shevchenko, and Natella Kosenko. "Digitization of the agricultural crop industry as a factor for business growth." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308023.
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The production costs of agricultural enterprises of 43 rural areas in the South of Russia, which systematically cultivate the same types of crops: winter and spring grains, pulse crops, maize, sunflower, potatoes and open field vegetables, has been investigated. Mathematical tools for cost forecasting and long-term planning of production of the most competitive species for profitable sales on the world (grain) and domestic product markets are shown.
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Abdelghany, Gehan, Penelope Wurm, Linh Thi My Hoang, and Sean Mark Bellairs. "Commercial Cultivation of Australian Wild Oryza spp.: A Review and Conceptual Framework for Future Research Needs." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010042.
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Wild Oryza species are being targeted for commercial cultivation due to their high nutritional grain profile, and their association with Aboriginal people in many regions. Australian wild Oryza species have potential as high-value, low-volume, culturally identified, and nutritious food, especially in gourmet food, tourism, restaurants, and value-added products. However, the basic agronomic protocols for their cultivation as a field crop are unknown. In this review, we identify the major factors supporting the commercial production of wild Oryza, including their stress-tolerant capacity, excellent grain quality attributes, and Indigenous cultural identification of their grains. The key challenges to be faced during the development of a wild rice industry are also discussed which include management barriers, processing issues, undesirable wild traits, and environmental concern. This manuscript proposes the use of agronomic research, in combination with breeding programs, as an overarching framework for the conceptualization and implementation of a successful wild rice industry, using the North American wild rice industry as a case study. The framework also suggests an integrated system that connects producers, industry, and government stakeholders. The suggested procedures for developing a wild rice industry in Australia are also applicable for other wild Oryza species.
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Marmul, L. O. "Investment support for innovative development of the grain industry." Vìsnik Berdânsʹkogo unìversitetu menedžmentu ì bìznesu 47, no. 1 (2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33783/1977-4167-2020-47-1-78-83.
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Blumenthal, Martin, and Nick Drew. "Foreword: Better fertiliser decisions for the Australian grain industry." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 5 (2013): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cpv64n5_fo.
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Wang, Zhenhua, Hongpeng Xue, and Deli Zhao. "Microstructure Evolution and Surface Cracking Behavior of Superheavy Forgings during Hot Forging." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4780638.
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In recent years, superheavy forgings that are manufactured from 600 t grade ingots have been applied in the latest generation of nuclear power plants to provide good safety. However, component production is pushing the limits of the current free-forging industry. Large initial grain sizes and a low strain rate are the main factors that contribute to the deformation of superheavy forgings during forging. In this study, 18Mn18Cr0.6N steel with a coarse grain structure was selected as a model material. Hot compression and hot tension tests were conducted at a strain rate of 10−4·s−1. The essential nucleation mechanism of the dynamic recrystallization involved low-angle grain boundary formation and subgrain rotation, which was independent of the original high-angle grain boundary bulging and the presence of twins. Twins were formed during the growth of dynamic recrystallization grains. The grain refinement was not obvious at 1150°C. A lowering of the deformation temperature to 1050°C resulted in a fine grain structure; however, the stress increased significantly. Crack-propagation paths included high-angle grain boundaries, twin boundaries, and the insides of grains, in that order. For superheavy forging, the ingot should have a larger height and a smaller diameter.
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Köksel, Hamit, and Buket Cetiner. "Future of Grain Science Series: Grain Science and Industry in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future." Cereal Foods World 60, no. 2 (March 2015): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cfw-60-2-0090.
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MOTORIN, O. A., M. I. SVISHCHEVA, and F. I. KHUDIYEV. "PROBLEMS OF THE GRAIN INDUSTRY AT THE STAGE OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Agricultural Risk Management, no. 4 (2017): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53988/24136573-2017-04-03.
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Avlokulov, Anvar. "Return on Assets and Financial Soundness Analysis: Case Study of Grain Industry Companies in Uzbekistan." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 4, no. 6 (2018): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.46.1006.
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Ensuring financial stability and soundness of companies operating in a particular industry depends on the several internal and external factors, which can be classified as firm and macro levels. According to classical business finance theories, return on assets (ROA) are thought to be the most effective instrument of measuring monitoring the financial status of companies. In most literature, revenues from sales, total operating cost and asset structure of a company plays an important role in shaping an acceptable ROA indicator. In this paper, impact level of these factors on ROA was examined in case of three grain processing companies in Uzbekistan. Conducted OLS test showed that total operating cost and asset structure had negative influence on ROA, while revenues from sale supported the financial stability of the companies.
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Symonian, Emma, Nataliia Nerubaiska, Maryna Pukhliakova, and Maksym Yandola. "Перспективи розвитку зерновиробництва в Кіровоградській області." Ekonomika APK 319, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202105030.
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The purpose of the article is to explore the prospects for the development of grain production in the Kirovograd region. Research methods. The study used dialectical methods of cognition, a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena, monographic (generalizing domestic and foreign experience in determining the economic essence of food security), analysis and synthesis (in studying the levels of production of cereals and legumes and the level of grain supply), statistical groups (in identifying the place of regions in the national production of cereals), economic and statistical (in the processing of mass statistics), abstract and logical (in substantiating theoretical generalizations and drawing conclusions). Research results. The potential of grain production development in Kirovohrad region is considered. The analysis is based on statistical data of the crop industry. Problems of industry development are revealed and ways of solutions are offered. Scientific novelty. Analysis of the level of crop production in the Kirovohrad region in terms of using the latest technologies and yield monitoring. Practical significance. Along with some positive changes in the region's grain production, obstacles to their development have been identified. Proposals have been made to eliminate them with active investments and state support programs for the agricultural sector of the region. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 18.
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Celiński, Maciej, Agnieszka Gajek, and Michał Gloc. "Fire and explosive properties of plant materials used in the production of compound feed." Occupational Safety – Science and Practice 570, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1051.
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Extremely large scale of grain processing leads to a very high risk of incidents related to fire or dust explosion. Only in 2018 there were several outbreaks associated with the storage and transport of grain materials, the largest of which took place in May in South Sioux City, Nebraska. Poland is one of the largest grain producers in Europe and in the world. The annual grain production in Poland is about 35 million tons, including about 10 million tons of wheat, 5 million tons of triticale, 4 million tons of barley and 1.5 million tons of oats. Such an amount of grain material means that there is a high probability of failure during the storage processes (i.e. drying, pouring), transport and processing. Current research shows that of all dust explosions, those related to the food-agricultural and fodder industry account for nearly 25%. The most vulnerable are silos, dedusting and ventilation systems (including dryers and warehouses for drying grains). In October 2013, in the BulkTerminal in Gdańsk, there was an explosion and fire in a grain silo. The rescue operation lasted nearly 4 hours and about 10 tons of grain have burned (20% of the total stored grain material). The purpose of this article is to describe the results of research on the phenomenon of flammability and explosibility of industrial dusts on the four most popular grains in Poland.
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Fedotov, V. A., and S. Yu Solovykh. "Information technologies for the modernization of the grain raw separation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032094.
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Abstract The article presents the basics of the functioning of information and measurement systems for optimizing the process of processing wheat grain. The quality of grain processing products is influenced by climatic factors and grinding technologies. The modern development of information technology makes it possible to modernize information and measurement systems for grain processing and developing algorithms for analyzing the grain physical characteristics. Trial grinding of wheat grains by different varieties was carried out at a laboratory mill. The obtained mathematical models made it possible to predict the quality of grain separation in separators. Digitalization of the grain processing industry includes the use of artificial neural networks for the analysis of images of grain mass by computer vision algorithms using the developed software. It is promising to increase the information content of granulometric analysis through the use of modern intelligent systems. To classify wheat by milling properties, it is proposed to use the grain hardness index. Computer vision and artificial neural networks were used to find and systematize grain grinding particles according to geometric properties. The error of the estimation for the hardness is no more than 3.5 %.
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Curtain, Felicity, Alexandra Locke, and Sara Grafenauer. "Growing the Business of Whole Grain in the Australian Market: A 6-Year Impact Assessment." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020313.
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The Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code does not regulate on-pack claims describing the amount of whole grain in foods. In July 2013, The Grains & Legumes Nutrition Council™ (GLNC) established a voluntary Code of Practice for Whole Grain Ingredient Content Claims (the Code) providing guidance for whole grain claims, with cut-off values and suggested wording ≥8 g, ≥16 g, and ≥24 g per manufacturer serve (contains; high and very high in whole grain), based on a 48 g whole grain daily target intake. The aim of this impact assessment was to report the uptake of the Code by manufacturers, changes in numbers of whole grain products, and claims on-pack since 2013, including compliance. The impact assessment was undertaken in August 2019, comparing current registered manufacturers (“users”) and their products to the total number of products in the market deemed eligible for registration through GLNC product audits since 2013. Reporting included breakfast cereals, bread products, crispbreads, crackers, rice/corn cakes, rice, pasta, noodles, couscous, other grains (e.g., quinoa, buckwheat, freekeh), and grain-based muesli bars. As of 30 June 2019, there were 33 registered users and 531 registered products in Australia and New Zealand representing 43% of the eligible manufacturers and 65% of the eligible whole grain foods. Three-quarters (78% and 74%) of the eligible breakfast cereals and bread products were registered with the Code in 2019, followed by 62% of grain-based muesli bars. Only 39% of crispbread, crackers, rice/corn cakes, and rice, pasta, noodles, couscous, and other grains were registered. From 2013 there has been a 71% increase in the number of whole grain foods making claims, demonstrating strong uptake by industry, with clearer, more consistent, and compliant on-pack communication regarding whole grain content.
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Stankevych, G., and A. Borta. "RESEARCH OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLUTEN OF WHEAT GRAINS DAMAGED BY THE WHEAT BUG." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 19, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v19i3.1506.
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Favorable weather and climate conditions for growing grain are also favorable for the livelihoods and reproduction of pests of grain stocks, and especially for wheat bug (Eurygaster integriceps Put.). Grain damaged by this pest loses its genetically incorporated properties, negative changes occur in the quantity and quality of gluten. Due to the ingestion of bug’s saliva with its special enzymes into the grain, the baking properties of the flour from such grain deteriorate – the dough becomes liquid, sticky, it loses elasticity. Thus, the issue of further effective use of grain damaged by the shield bugis very urgent. This requires information on the dependence of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gluten on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug. The aim of the study was to establish patterns of change in the quantity and quality of gluten depending on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug, which will increase the efficiency of the formation of batches for further use in the food industry. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were solved: during the grain harvesting periods of 2015–2018, at the enterprises of the industry, wheat samples were taken with the content damaged by the wheat bug in the range of 0.5...5.0 %, the quantity and quality were determined in them gluten, trends in the quantity and quality of gluten have been established depending on the content of damaged grains and their comparison with published data. The object of the study was the gluten complex of wheat, with various contents of grains damaged by the wheat bug. The subject of research was the quantity and quality of gluten in samples of soft wheat of grades 2–3 of the 2015– 2018 crop samples with various grains damaged by a wheat bug selected at enterprises in the Odessa region. Based on the results of determining the quantity and quality of gluten in samples of the 2015–2018 crop and the available literature data on the quantity and quality of gluten in grain 2005– 2007, a crop with the content of grain damaged by the wheat bug was shown to be 5.0 %, that between the amount of gluten and the content in the grain mass of the grains damaged by the wheat bug, there are no regularities.Existing fluctuations in the amount of gluten are reliably associated with different origins of grain samples grown under different agrotechnological conditions, different protein contents, varietal characteristics of grain and other factors. The regularities of changes in the quality of gluten depending on the content of grain damaged by a wheat bug have been established – with an increase in the content of damaged grains, according to a linear law, the gluten quality index determined on the VDK device also increases. It was also established that the intensity of changes in the quality of gluten significantly depends on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug; there was a slight increase in the quality index of gluten with the content of damaged grains up to 2.0 %, and its rapid growth with the content of damaged grains from 2.0 % to 5,0 % It is shown that in the studied wheat samples with the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug up to 2.5...2.7 %, the VDK indicator belongs to the 2nd group of gluten quality – satisfactory weak and wheat belongs to 1–3 grades in this indicator. With a further increase in the content of grains damaged the wheat bug, the index of VDK increases and gluten passes to the 3rd group – unsatisfactory weak, and the batch of wheat belongs to the 4th class.
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Alexander, N. "The TRI101 story: engineering wheat and barley to resist Fusarium head blight." World Mycotoxin Journal 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.x004.
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Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, is a major disease of wheat and barley in the United States and Canada. FHB epidemics have been on the increase since 1993 and have caused severe monetary damage for the growers and seed industry. Along with reduced yields, the presence of mycotoxins in moldy grain constitutes a major problem for the grain industry. These mycotoxins pose health hazards to humans and animals upon ingestion. The acute phytotoxicity of these mycotoxins and their occurrence in plant tissues correlates with their role in pathogenesis and the production of plant disease. Transgenic plants incorporating the Fusarium sporotrichioides Tri101 gene, a gene that reduces toxicity of trichothecenes, have reduced levels of disease, thus demonstrating that FHB severity and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation can be reduced in small grains by the introduction of a toxin-modification gene.
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Alexandrova, Natalia, Svetlana Chelnokova, and Asia Subaeva. "Ways to increase grain production efficiency." BIO Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 00004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213700004.
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The paper presents an assessment of the current state of grain production in the region, determines the main sectoral strategy of increasing the economic efficiency of grain production. The comprehensive analysis of the development of the industry made it possible to compile a correlation and regression model of the grain yield and leguminous crops, which allowed determining the most significant factors – the expenses of fertilizers, plant protection agents and the maintenance of fixed assets. A methodological approach to the grouping of regions according to the level and efficiency of grain production is proposed, which allows identifying the main zones of concentration and specialization of grain production. The formation of the regional grain cluster, uniting all participants in the production, processing and sale of grain and grain products, stimulating an increase in the volume of grain production in agricultural organizations of the region by 2024 up to 13614.3 thousand centners, the profitability of the industry – up to 31.04 % is substantiated.
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Orlov, I. Yu, S. A. Kryukov, and N. V. Baidakova. "Study of the mineralogical and grain size composition of the regenerated grain from bearing sludge." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-8-29-33.
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The composition of sludges (wastes of bearing industry enterprises) is determined by the characteristics of the abrasive tool used upon manufacturing, grade of the processed material, cutting-tool lubricant (CTL) and modes of treatment. We present the results of studying the mineralogical and grain size composition of the regenerated grain from bearing sludges. The material under study is shown to have the following composition, %: abrasive particles — 5 – 8, metal particles — 50 – 90, binder — 2 – 5, balance — SOG, oil and various pollutants. The dispersion of solid particles ranges within 0.1 – 0.3 mm. The abrasive grains have a predominantly splintery shape, the individual binder particles being observed on their surface. The interlayer-cemented aggregates of two — three crystals and a large number of small splintery particles are also present. It is shown that the samples with a regenerated material containing fine abrasive grain and metal particles as a filler exhibit the highest mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. The results obtained can be used when using regenerated abrasive grain from sludge for manufacturing, e.g., grinding wheels, preparation of a molding abrasive mixture, etc.
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Reddy, A. Amarender, S. S. Raju, A. Suresh, and Pramod Kumar. "Analysis of pearl millet market structure and value chain in India." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 8, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 406–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-02-2016-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the market structure and value chain of pearl millet grain and fodder in India. There is a decline in demand for human consumption, with an increase in demand for non-food uses like cattle and poultry feed, raw material for starch and breweries industry. This paper explores alternative channels, uses and value chains of pearl millet grain and fodder. The paper examines in what ways small farmers can benefit from the evolving alternative uses for pearl millet grain in cattle and poultry feed industry, breweries and starch industry. The paper also analyses the impact of aggregators in increasing the efficiency of the value chain. Design/methodology/approach The study collected primary data from farmers, traders, commission agents and exporters and importers with innovative marketing channels with aggregators (Self-Help Groups) and without aggregators to analyze the prospects for improvements in marketing channels and value chain. Findings Given that the production of pearl millet is scattered and thin, there is a lot of scope for market aggregators to increase scale economies to reduce market costs to supply in bulk to food and industrial uses. Although there was some demand for human consumption high-quality grain, most of the future demand will come from cattle and poultry feed industry, breweries and starch industry. To tap these larger potentials, farmers need to aggregate their produce and ensure regular supply in bulk quantity at least to compete the cost with alternative grains like maize and broken rice. Research limitations/implications The research is based on the field-level data collection and observations obtained from Western India. This paper provides insights how the value chain of pearl millet is working and what improvements are needed to make value chain more efficient and inclusive. Although the results are applicable to similar neglected crops and area, more caution is needed. Social implications Through the formation of farmer aggregators, farmers can enhance their bargaining power vis-a-vis industry. Originality/value Till now, there is no study that explored the pearl millet value chain in detail in India, and the paper tries to fill this literature gap.
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Fei, Xiang, and Junwen Feng. "Research on the High-Quality Development Model of China’s Grain Industry from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 19, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2661237.
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Food security concerns people’s livelihood. Under the background of urban-rural integrated development and accelerated rural revitalization, high-quality grain production is the foundation of agricultural modernization, and grain industrialization is the only way to realize agricultural modernization. How to produce high-quality food has been widely concerned. The goal of this paper is to establish the modernization of the entire industrial chain of food production, laying a foundation for comprehensive revitalization for the high-quality development of the food industry and the realization of food industrialization. From the perspective of rural revitalization, the high-quality development model of China’s grain industry is studied. This paper gives new progress and new achievements in the high-quality grain development model, which requires a more precise and internally driven policy support system. The high quality of the food industry will help to improve the level of food industrialization, expand the economy of the food industry, accelerate the process of agricultural modernization, and ultimately realize rural revitalization and an all-round well-off society in rural areas.
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Conde-Vázquez, C., O. De Miguel-San Martín, and G. García-Herbosa. "Artificial arenite from wastes of natural sandstone industry." Materiales de Construcción 69, no. 333 (January 16, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2019.12317.
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An artificial arenite was developed from the waste of the sandstone industry. The waste sandstone was treated to obtain different grain sizes that were recombined to reproduce the natural texture. An unsaturated polyester resin was added to the mixture of grains and the cement polymerization was initiated with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. The product was compacted under pressure of 1.5 to 9.7 MPa and cured at 70 °C. The result was a new material with the appearance of the natural rock. Artificial sandstones were studied by SEM microanalysis, petrography study and XRF analysis. Measurements of flexural strength (9.9 MPa), apparent density (2110 kg/cm3), open porosity (7.6%), water absorption (1.2%), abrasion resistance (19 mm) and photostability (AE * = - 0.009) were carried out. The influence of the design of the mixture and its composition (fraction of aggregates, resin content and pressure) on the texture and the mechanical properties was studied.
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Francavilla, Alyssa, and Iris J. Joye. "Anthocyanins in Whole Grain Cereals and Their Potential Effect on Health." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 2922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12102922.
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Coloured (black, purple, blue, red, etc.) cereal grains, rich in anthocyanins, have recently gained a lot of attention in the food industry. Anthocyanins are water-soluble flavonoids, and are responsible for red, violet, and blue colours in fruits, vegetables, and grains. Anthocyanins have demonstrated antioxidant potential in both in vitro and in vivo studies, and the consumption of foods high in anthocyanins has been linked to lower risks of chronic diseases. As such, whole grain functional foods made with coloured grains are promising new products. This paper will review the characteristics of cereal anthocyanins, and assess their prevalence in various commercially relevant crops including wheat, barley, maize, and rice. A brief overview of the antioxidant potential, and current research on the health effects of cereal-based anthocyanins will be provided. Finally, processing of coloured cereals in whole grain products will be briefly discussed. A full understanding of the fate of anthocyanins in whole grain products, and more research targeted towards health outcomes of anthocyanin supplementation to/inclusion in cereal food products are the next logical steps in this research field.
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Lupu, Mirabela Ioana, Vasile Pădureanu, and Valeriu Steriu. "Finite Element Modeling of Raw Materials Milling Used in Food Industry." Advanced Materials Research 1128 (October 2015): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1128.282.
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In a series of processes which occur in various processing industries, it is necessary that the raw materials, finished products or intermediate products to be grind to accelerate the technological phase, to obtain a product from raw materials or even only for commercialization the products [1]. Modeling program can be used to study and understand the behavior of an individual grain under compression stress. The results from previous studies have shown that the modeling program can be used [2] for predicting the grain deformation, the compression stress and the energy consumption obtained as a consequence of the grain compression process. This paper presents a comparison of a modeling and experimental study on the influence of the physical properties of a single corn seed on compression grinding process. The mathematical model by finite element method for the corn compression process is made in order to establish the forces that appear to the first cracks of the grain, to determine the maximum force of the corn compression, the deformations of the grain resulted after the compression and the energy consumption during the compression process. For this simulation it was used the mechanical structural module in 3D space of the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The experimental researches were carried out on an individual corn seed, using the materials testing machine Zwick / Roell 5 kN, to which was adapted the compression device [3]. In the experimental researches have been followed the same properties as at the mathematical modeling.
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Xu, Yong Tao, Zhi Feng Zhang, Zhi Hua Gao, Yue Long Bai, Han Sen Zheng, and Wei Min Mao. "Effect of Zr on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy with High Zn/Mg Ratio." Materials Science Forum 1035 (June 22, 2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.119.
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The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy has broad application prospects in high-end equipment manufacturing fields, such as aerospace, national defense and military industry, and transportation. However, the grains of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy are coarse, and the grains further grow after heat treatment, which seriously reduces the mechanical property of alloy castings. Therefore, the study on reducing the grain size of the cast alloy was carried out by adding Zr element and applying electromagnetic stirring treatment technology, as well as suppressing the recrystallization of the aluminum alloy during the heat treatment process. The results show that adding Zr element reduced the grain size by 30%, the tensile strength increased by 50 MPa, and the elongation increased by more than 10%.