Relevant bibliographies by topics / Graded density

Academic literature on the topic 'Graded density'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Graded density"

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Brothers, A. H., and D. C. Dunand. "Density-Graded Cellular Aluminum." Advanced Engineering Materials 8, no. 9 (September 2006): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200600074.

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Winter, R. E., M. Cotton, E. J. Harris, D. J. Chapman, and D. Eakins. "A novel graded density impactor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 500, no. 14 (May 7, 2014): 142034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/500/14/142034.

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Balaba, I. N., S. V. Limarenko, A. V. Mikhalev, and S. V. Zelenov. "Density Theorems for Graded Rings." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 128, no. 6 (August 2005): 3350–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-005-0272-2.

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Aslam, Tariq D., Michael A. McBride, Nirmal Rai, Daniel E. Hooks, Jamie A. Stull, and Brian J. Jensen. "Modeling atomically mixed graded density impactors." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 22 (June 14, 2022): 225901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085223.

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Graded density impactors (GDIs) are multi-material composite impactors used in gas gun experiments to tailor the drive conditions imparted to a sample test material. Previous graded density impactors generally rely on thin, but discrete, layers of different materials. The thinner and the greater number of layers will result in smoother compression. Taken to the limit of very thin layers would be pure material 1 at one surface, such as the front surface of an impactor, smoothly transitioning at the atomic scale to pure material 2 on the back surface. Such an impactor can initially shock, then smoothly compresses a material during a dynamic experiment. This type of experiment can serve to explore a larger region of thermodynamic space than a single or even multi-shock experiments. An overview of how graded density impactors are made is reviewed and sample results are given. A strategy for modeling these kinds of impactors is presented. The length scales of constituent mixing are given from the experimental build through electrochemical-deposition. Equation of state models for pure constituents and their subsequent mixtures are presented. It is demonstrated that the time scales for pressure and temperature equilibration, for atomically mixed GDIs, are short enough to be a justifiable closure for the resulting multiphase flow. Furthermore, we present simulation results of dynamic shock followed by a ramp compression, utilizing a silver/gold graded density impactor, onto a tantalum sample.
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He, Si-Yuan, Yi Zhang, Ge Dai, and Jia-Qiao Jiang. "Preparation of density-graded aluminum foam." Materials Science and Engineering: A 618 (November 2014): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.08.087.

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Witthayaweerasak, Juthamat, Pemika Lertjittham, and Nipat Aui-aree. "Correlation between relative afferent pupillary defect and visual field defects on Humphrey automated perimetry: A cross-sectional clinical trial." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 26, 2022): e0267469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267469.

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Purpose To evaluate the correlations between relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) magnitude, assessed using the clinical plus scale and neutral density filters, and visual field parameters in patients with unilateral or asymmetrical bilateral optic neuropathy or retinopathy. Methods Fifty-two patients with RAPD, graded by the swinging flashlight test and neutral density filters, were analyzed in this cross-sectional trial. The RAPD clinical plus scale was divided into grade 1+, initial weak constriction; grade 2+, initial stall then dilatation; grade 3+, immediate dilatation; and grade 4+, fixed amaurotic pupil. Patients with positive RAPD underwent a visual field examination with Humphrey automated perimetry that included visual field index (VFI), mean deviation (MD), and pattern standard deviation (PSD). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and linear regression were used to analyze the association between RAPD grades and visual field parameters. Results RAPD clinical plus grades were correlated with interocular VFI (r = 0.55, P < 0.001) and MD (r = 0.48, P = 0.004) differences. Average interocular VFI differences were estimated as follows: 16.75 × RAPD plus grade– 7.53. RAPD, graded by neutral density filters, was correlated with VFI (r = 0.59, P < 0.001), MD (r = 0.54, P < 0.001), and PSD (r = 0.34, P = 0.01). Conclusions The RAPD plus scale and neutral density filter grading systems were associated with quantitative visual field defect parameters, with VFI showing the strongest association. RAPD clinical grading could substitute more sophisticated central visual field evaluation methods as a low-cost, low-tech, and widely available approach.
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Trivedi, Vijaylaxmi, and Kei-Ichi Watanabe. "Hilbert-Kunz density function for graded domains." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 226, no. 2 (February 2022): 106835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2021.106835.

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Wang, Xiaokai, Zhijun Zheng, and Jilin Yu. "Crashworthiness design of density-graded cellular metals." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters 3, no. 3 (2013): 031001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/2.1303101.

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Zhong Yanhong, 钟艳红, 周斌 Zhou Bin, 归佳寅 Gui Jiayin, 杜艾 Du Ai, 吴广明 Wu Guangming, 张志华 Zhang Zhihua, and 沈军 Shen Jun. "Fabrication of multilayer graded density carbon aerogel target." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 3 (2011): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20112303.0657.

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Li, Jingde, Guowei Ma, Hongyuan Zhou, and Xiuli Du. "Energy Absorption Analysis of Density Graded Aluminium Foam." International Journal of Protective Structures 2, no. 3 (September 2011): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2041-4196.2.3.333.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Graded density"

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McConaha, Matthew. "Graded Lattice Structure Density Optimization for Additive Manufacturing." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1523634949822303.

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Yao, Jiaolian. "DENSITY GRADED LMDPE FOAMS PRODUCED UNDER A TEMPERATURE GRADIENT: MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28072/28072.pdf.

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Dans ce travail, du polyéthylène linéaire de densité moyenne (LMDPE) et des microcapsules Expancel ont été utilisés pour produire des mousses polymères avec un gradient de densité. En contrôlant indépendamment les plaques supérieure et inférieure d'un moule de compression à des températures différentes et en contrôlant le temps de moulage, des mousses symétriques et asymétriques ont été produites. Aussi, l’effet du type et de la concentration des agents gonflants sur le profil de densité et la morphologie (taille des bulles et la densité des bulles) des mousses a été étudié. Finalement, on rapporte et on discute les propriétés mécaniques en flexion et en tension en relation avec le profil de densité et la morphologie.
In this work, linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) and Expancel microbeads were used to produce density graded polymer foams using compression molding. By controlling independently the top and bottom plate temperatures in the mold, different temperatures and molding times were used to produce symmetric and asymmetric foams. The effect of blowing agent type and content were also studied to control the density profile and foam morphology (cell size and cell density) across thickness. Finally, the mechanical behavior in flexion and tension is reported and discussed in relation with foam morphology and structure.
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Bajaj, Sanyam. "Design and Engineering of AlGaN Channel-Based Transistors." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514904566666781.

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Joseph, Roy. "Development of an injection moulding grade hydroxyapatite polyethylene composite." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395936.

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Parrondo, Aitor. "Optimisation and mode of action of antioxidant stabilisation in film grade high-density polyethylene." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366053.

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Nguyen, Minh-Lien Jeanne. "Estimation non paramétrique de densités conditionnelles : grande dimension, parcimonie et algorithmes gloutons." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS185/document.

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Nous considérons le problème d’estimation de densités conditionnelles en modérément grandes dimensions. Beaucoup plus informatives que les fonctions de régression, les densités condi- tionnelles sont d’un intérêt majeur dans les méthodes récentes, notamment dans le cadre bayésien (étude de la distribution postérieure, recherche de ses modes...). Après avoir rappelé les problèmes liés à l’estimation en grande dimension dans l’introduction, les deux chapitres suivants développent deux méthodes qui s’attaquent au fléau de la dimension en demandant : d’être efficace computation- nellement grâce à une procédure itérative gloutonne, de détecter les variables pertinentes sous une hypothèse de parcimonie, et converger à vitesse minimax quasi-optimale. Plus précisément, les deux méthodes considèrent des estimateurs à noyau bien adaptés à l’estimation de densités conditionnelles et sélectionnent une fenêtre multivariée ponctuelle en revisitant l’algorithme glouton RODEO (Re- gularisation Of Derivative Expectation Operator). La première méthode ayant des problèmes d’ini- tialisation et des facteurs logarithmiques supplémentaires dans la vitesse de convergence, la seconde méthode résout ces problèmes, tout en ajoutant l’adaptation à la régularité. Dans l’avant-dernier cha- pitre, on traite de la calibration et des performances numériques de ces deux procédures, avant de donner quelques commentaires et perspectives dans le dernier chapitre
We consider the problem of conditional density estimation in moderately large dimen- sions. Much more informative than regression functions, conditional densities are of main interest in recent methods, particularly in the Bayesian framework (studying the posterior distribution, find- ing its modes...). After recalling the estimation issues in high dimension in the introduction, the two following chapters develop on two methods which address the issues of the curse of dimensionality: being computationally efficient by a greedy iterative procedure, detecting under some suitably defined sparsity conditions the relevant variables, while converging at a quasi-optimal minimax rate. More precisely, the two methods consider kernel estimators well-adapted for conditional density estimation and select a pointwise multivariate bandwidth by revisiting the greedy algorithm RODEO (Regular- isation Of Derivative Expectation Operator). The first method having some initialization problems and extra logarithmic factors in its convergence rate, the second method solves these problems, while adding adaptation to the smoothness. In the penultimate chapter, we discuss the calibration and nu- merical performance of these two procedures, before giving some comments and perspectives in the last chapter
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Locke, Shawn Lee. "Estimating Rio Grande wild turkey densities in Texas." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1970.

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Ikwut-Ukwa, Udungs Henry. "Advances in vehicle emissions modeling : development of a methodology for the kinematic acquisition of roadway grade data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20843.

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Dändliker, Thomas. "Optimisation de la densité de reboisement en fonction des grades de qualité des bois sciés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69047.

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Des semis mis en terre aux produits sciés, la création de richesse guide les efforts du sylviculteur, l'objectif étant de générer des revenus qui surpassent les coûts de plantation et d'entretiens. Au début de ce processus, le choix de la densité de reboisement constitue une étape décisive quant à l'évolution des caractéristiques dendrométriques et qualitatives des arbres. La taille de la plus grosse branche du premier « 5 m » de l'arbre est un élément important du déclassement visuel du bois de sciage, et peut être considérablement affectée par les scénarios sylvicoles. Cette étude a analysé l'influence de trois facteurs, que sont l'espacement initial, l'indice de qualité de station et la position sociale de l'arbre dans le peuplement, sur le grade du bois dans les plantations non éclaircies d'épinette blanche [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss], d'épinette noire [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] et de pin gris [Pinus banksiana Lamb] au Québec, Canada. L'objectif principal était d'acquérir une meilleure compréhension du lien entre la qualité future du bois scié et le choix de l'espacement initial des plantations. Un objectif secondaire était aussi de déterminer si un indice de qualité de station plus élevé et un statut social supérieur de l'arbre au sein du peuplement affectent les qualités de bois produites à partir de la première grume de 5 m à la base de la tige. Les traitements d'espacement initiaux comportaient une large gamme de densités de plantation, allant de 1111 à 4444 tiges ha-1. Un total de 2657 arbres provenant de 149 sites a été échantillonné, avec une moyenne d'âge de peuplement de 26 ans. La plus grosse branche ainsi que le statut ont été enregistrés pour le développement du modèle. L'analyse des données a alors permis d'identifier que la position sociale de l'arbre dans le peuplement (dominant, codominant, intermédiaire), l'indice du site et la densité du peuplement constituaient des variables clés affectant la taille de la branche, et donc, par voie de conséquence, impactaient les qualités du bois. Les résultats de l'étude ont aussi montré un taux de déclassement visuel plus élevé pour les planches de bois de petite dimension (c.-à-d. 2x4) que pour les planches plus grandes (2x6), toutes provenant de plantations de conifères au Québec, Canada. Enfin, il a été constaté davantage de déclassements pour le pin gris que pour les épinettes blanches et noires, en particulier lorsque la densité de plantation diminuait en dessous de 2000 tiges par ha.
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Sebbar, Mehdi. "On unsupervised learning in high dimension." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLG003/document.

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Dans ce mémoire de thèse, nous abordons deux thèmes, le clustering en haute dimension d'une part et l'estimation de densités de mélange d'autre part. Le premier chapitre est une introduction au clustering. Nous y présentons différentes méthodes répandues et nous nous concentrons sur un des principaux modèles de notre travail qui est le mélange de Gaussiennes. Nous abordons aussi les problèmes inhérents à l'estimation en haute dimension et la difficulté d'estimer le nombre de clusters. Nous exposons brièvement ici les notions abordées dans ce manuscrit. Considérons une loi mélange de K Gaussiennes dans R^p. Une des approches courantes pour estimer les paramètres du mélange est d'utiliser l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance. Ce problème n'étant pas convexe, on ne peut garantir la convergence des méthodes classiques. Cependant, en exploitant la biconvexité de la log-vraisemblance négative, on peut utiliser la procédure itérative 'Expectation-Maximization' (EM). Malheureusement, cette méthode n'est pas bien adaptée pour relever les défis posés par la grande dimension. Par ailleurs, cette méthode requiert de connaître le nombre de clusters. Le Chapitre 2 présente trois méthodes que nous avons développées pour tenter de résoudre les problèmes décrits précédemment. Les travaux qui y sont exposés n'ont pas fait l'objet de recherches approfondies pour diverses raisons. La première méthode, 'lasso graphique sur des mélanges de Gaussiennes', consiste à estimer les matrices inverses des matrices de covariance dans l'hypothèse où celles-ci sont parcimonieuses. Nous adaptons la méthode du lasso graphique de [Friedman et al., 2007] sur une composante dans le cas d'un mélange et nous évaluons expérimentalement cette méthode. Les deux autres méthodes abordent le problème d'estimation du nombre de clusters dans le mélange. La première est une estimation pénalisée de la matrice des probabilités postérieures dont la composante (i,j) est la probabilité que la i-ème observation soit dans le j-ème cluster. Malheureusement, cette méthode s'est avérée trop coûteuse en complexité. Enfin, la deuxième méthode considérée consiste à pénaliser le vecteur de poids afin de le rendre parcimonieux. Cette méthode montre des résultats prometteurs. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous étudions l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance d'une densité de n observations i.i.d. sous l’hypothèse qu'elle est bien approximée par un mélange de plusieurs densités données. Nous nous intéressons aux performances de l'estimateur par rapport à la perte de Kullback-Leibler. Nous établissons des bornes de risque sous la forme d'inégalités d'oracle exactes, que ce soit en probabilité ou en espérance. Nous démontrons à travers ces bornes que, dans le cas du problème d’agrégation convexe, l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance atteint la vitesse (log K)/n)^{1/2}, qui est optimale à un terme logarithmique près, lorsque le nombre de composant est plus grand que n^{1/2}. Plus important, sous l’hypothèse supplémentaire que la matrice de Gram des composantes du dictionnaire satisfait la condition de compatibilité, les inégalités d'oracles obtenues donnent la vitesse optimale dans le scénario parcimonieux. En d'autres termes, si le vecteur de poids est (presque) D-parcimonieux, nous obtenons une vitesse (Dlog K)/n. En complément de ces inégalités d'oracle, nous introduisons la notion d’agrégation (presque)-D-parcimonieuse et établissons pour ce type d’agrégation les bornes inférieures correspondantes. Enfin, dans le Chapitre 4, nous proposons un algorithme qui réalise l'agrégation en Kullback-Leibler de composantes d'un dictionnaire telle qu'étudiée dans le Chapitre 3. Nous comparons sa performance avec différentes méthodes. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode pour construire le dictionnaire de densités et l’étudions de manière numérique. Cette thèse a été effectué dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE avec l’entreprise ARTEFACT
In this thesis, we discuss two topics, high-dimensional clustering on the one hand and estimation of mixing densities on the other. The first chapter is an introduction to clustering. We present various popular methods and we focus on one of the main models of our work which is the mixture of Gaussians. We also discuss the problems with high-dimensional estimation (Section 1.3) and the difficulty of estimating the number of clusters (Section 1.1.4). In what follows, we present briefly the concepts discussed in this manuscript. Consider a mixture of $K$ Gaussians in $RR^p$. One of the common approaches to estimate the parameters is to use the maximum likelihood estimator. Since this problem is not convex, we can not guarantee the convergence of classical methods such as gradient descent or Newton's algorithm. However, by exploiting the biconvexity of the negative log-likelihood, the iterative 'Expectation-Maximization' (EM) procedure described in Section 1.2.1 can be used. Unfortunately, this method is not well suited to meet the challenges posed by the high dimension. In addition, it is necessary to know the number of clusters in order to use it. Chapter 2 presents three methods that we have developed to try to solve the problems described above. The works presented there have not been thoroughly researched for various reasons. The first method that could be called 'graphical lasso on Gaussian mixtures' consists in estimating the inverse matrices of covariance matrices $Sigma$ (Section 2.1) in the hypothesis that they are parsimonious. We adapt the graphic lasso method of [Friedman et al., 2007] to a component in the case of a mixture and experimentally evaluate this method. The other two methods address the problem of estimating the number of clusters in the mixture. The first is a penalized estimate of the matrix of posterior probabilities $ Tau in RR ^ {n times K} $ whose component $ (i, j) $ is the probability that the $i$-th observation is in the $j$-th cluster. Unfortunately, this method proved to be too expensive in complexity (Section 2.2.1). Finally, the second method considered is to penalize the weight vector $ pi $ in order to make it parsimonious. This method shows promising results (Section 2.2.2). In Chapter 3, we study the maximum likelihood estimator of density of $n$ i.i.d observations, under the assumption that it is well approximated by a mixture with a large number of components. The main focus is on statistical properties with respect to the Kullback-Leibler loss. We establish risk bounds taking the form of sharp oracle inequalities both in deviation and in expectation. A simple consequence of these bounds is that the maximum likelihood estimator attains the optimal rate $((log K)/n)^{1/2}$, up to a possible logarithmic correction, in the problem of convex aggregation when the number $K$ of components is larger than $n^{1/2}$. More importantly, under the additional assumption that the Gram matrix of the components satisfies the compatibility condition, the obtained oracle inequalities yield the optimal rate in the sparsity scenario. That is, if the weight vector is (nearly) $D$-sparse, we get the rate $(Dlog K)/n$. As a natural complement to our oracle inequalities, we introduce the notion of nearly-$D$-sparse aggregation and establish matching lower bounds for this type of aggregation. Finally, in Chapter 4, we propose an algorithm that performs the Kullback-Leibler aggregation of components of a dictionary as discussed in Chapter 3. We compare its performance with different methods: the kernel density estimator , the 'Adaptive Danzig' estimator, the SPADES and EM estimator with the BIC criterion. We then propose a method to build the dictionary of densities and study it numerically. This thesis was carried out within the framework of a CIFRE agreement with the company ARTEFACT
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Books on the topic "Graded density"

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Rogge, David F. Compaction and measurement of field density for Oregon open-graded (F-mix) asphalt pavement. Salem, Or: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Group, 1999.

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Jacqueline, Barber, and GEMS (Project), eds. Discovering density: Teacher's guide : grades 6-8. Berkeley, CA: Great Explorations in Math and Science, Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California at Berkeley, 2004.

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Volume, Mass, and Density (Lifepac Science Grade 9-Physical Science 2). Alpha Omega Publications (AZ), 2001.

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Floaters and Sinkers; Mass, Volume, and Density; Grades 5-9 (Activities Integrating Math and Science). AIMS Education Foundation, 2004.

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Barrat, J. L., and J. J. de Pablo. Introduction to molecular simulations in soft matter. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0011.

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We describe the main features of the coarse-grained models that are typically useful in modelling soft interfaces, from force fields to the continuum descriptions involving density fields. We explain the theoretical basis of the main numerical methods that are used to explore the phase space associated with these models. Finally, three recent examples, illustrating the spirit in which relatively simple simulations can contribute to solving pending problems in soft matter physics, are briefly described. Clearly, a short series of lectures can offer, at best, a biased and restricted view of the available approaches. Our aim here will be to provide the reader with such an overview, with a focus on methods and descriptions that ‘bridge the scale’ between the molecular scale and the continuum or quasi-continuum one. The objective to present a guide to the relevant literature—which has now to a large extent appeared in the form of textbooks.
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Mann, Peter. Hamilton-Jacobi Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.003.0019.

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This chapter focuses on Liouville’s theorem and classical statistical mechanics, deriving the classical propagator. The terms ‘phase space volume element’ and ‘Liouville operator’ are defined and an n-particle phase space probability density function is constructed to derive the Liouville equation. This is deconstructed into the BBGKY hierarchy, and radial distribution functions are used to develop n-body correlation functions. Koopman–von Neumann theory is investigated as a classical wavefunction approach. The chapter develops an operatorial mechanics based on classical Hilbert space, and discusses the de Broglie–Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics. Partition functions, ensemble averages and the virial theorem of Clausius are defined and Poincaré’s recurrence theorem, the Gibbs H-theorem and the Gibbs paradox are discussed. The chapter also discusses commuting observables, phase–amplitude decoupling, microcanonical ensembles, canonical ensembles, grand canonical ensembles, the Boltzmann factor, Mayer–Montroll cluster expansion and the equipartition theorem and investigates symplectic integrators, focusing on molecular dynamics.
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Faber, Roland. Uniting Earth to the Blue of Heaven Above: Strange Attractors in Whitehead’s Symbolism. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429566.003.0004.

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Symbolism is maybe one of the most obscure books of Whitehead's oeuvre: in between grand projects, small in appearance, seemingly integrated in other works, less known, and, to a certain extent, considered superfluous. Yet, on second thought, it might be that in its fringe existence Symbolism holds some gems to be rediscovered and cherished. Relating in maybe the most immediate way to current questions of language, ecology, and political philosophy by, at the same time, elaborating a highly creative conceptual multiplicity of modes of perception, Symbolism exposes us to a series of strange attractors which, while not absent from other works, might be found to be more densely interwoven here than elsewhere. The following considerations will name and relate some of these strange attractors to the issues the book seems to be addressing while speaking to us today, about a hundred years after its writing.
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Book chapters on the topic "Graded density"

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Koohbor, Behrad, Suraj Ravindran, and Addis Kidane. "Impact Response of Density Graded Cellular Polymers." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 17–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62956-8_4.

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Matsumoto, Yoshihisa, A. H. Brothers, and David C. Dunand. "Density-Graded Aluminum Foams by the Corrosion Method." In THERMEC 2006, 1903–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.1903.

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Li, Xu, Hongfen Zhao, and Limin Zhang. "Particle-Size Distribution and Density of Natural Widely-Graded Colluvial Soils." In Fundamental Behavior of Unsaturated Widely-Graded Soil, 13–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3402-5_2.

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Gupta, Vijendra, Addis Kidane, and Michael Sutton. "Density-Graded 3D Voronoi Cellular Structures for Improved Impact Performance." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 123–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17453-7_18.

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Ramírez, Emilio A., Nicolas Béraud, Franck Pourroy, François Villeneuve, and Matthieu Museau. "A Design Methodology for Graded Density Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces." In Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing IV, 955–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15928-2_84.

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Miller, Dennis, Vijendra Gupta, and Addis Kidane. "Dynamic Response of Layered Functionally Graded Polyurethane Foam with Nonlinear Density Variation." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 25–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30021-0_5.

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Gupta, Vijendra, Dennis Miller, and Addis Kidane. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Density Graded Foams Subjected to Impact Loading." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 31–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30021-0_6.

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Wang, Chi-Yuen, and Michael Manga. "Liquefaction." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 301–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64308-9_11.

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AbstractLiquefaction of the ground during earthquakes has long been documented and has drawn much attention from earthquake engineers because of its devastation to engineered structures. In this chapter we review a few of the best studied field cases and summarize insights from extensive experimental data critical for understanding the interaction between earthquakes and liquefaction. Despite the progress made in the last few decades, several outstanding problems remain unanswered. One is the mechanism for liquefaction beyond the near field, which has been abundantly documented in the field. This is not well understood because, according to laboratory data, liquefaction should occur only in the near field where the seismic energy density is great enough to cause undrained consolidation leading up to liquefaction. Another outstanding question is the dependence of liquefaction on the frequency of the seismic waves, where the current results from the field and laboratory studies are in conflict. Finally, while in most cases the liquefied sediments are sand or silty sand, well-graded gravel has increasingly been witnessed to liquefy during earthquakes and is not simply the result of entrainment by liquified sand. It is challenging to explain how pore pressure could build up in gravely soils and be maintained at a level high enough to cause liquefaction.
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Bemiss, Allison. "Star Light, Star Bright: Density." In Hands–On Steam Explorations for Young Learners Grades Pre-K-2, 113–26. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003235507-11.

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Lutenegger, Alan J. "Density (Unit Weight) of Solids (Specific Gravity)." In Laboratory Manual for Geotechnical Characterization of Fine-Grained Soils, 33–40. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003263289-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Graded density"

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Low, K. H., C. N. Sun, K. F. Leong, Z. H. Liu, D. Q. Zhang, and J. Wei. "Selective Laser Melting of Density Graded TI6AL4V." In 1st International Conference on Progress in Additive Manufacturing. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-0446-3_078.

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Jiang, Ai-min, and Yi-li Wu. "Analytical Solutions to Density Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams." In 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2009.5302619.

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Dauvegis, Raphaël, and Denis Rodrigue. "The mechanical properties of density graded hemp/polyethylene composites." In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-30: The 30th International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4918419.

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Koomans, R. L., R. J. de Meijer, and L. B. Venema. "Cross-Shore Graded Sediment Transport: Grain Size and Density Effects." In 26th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784404119.185.

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Ihalane, El hassane, Lahoucine Atourki, Lahbib Alahyane, Lahcen Boulkaddat, El houcine El hamri, Hassan Kirou, Ahmed Ihlal, and Khalid Bouabid. "Analytical calculation of photocurrent density in CIGS double graded solar cell." In 2014 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2014.7059756.

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Bates, Simon R. G., Ian R. Farrow, and Richard S. Trask. "3D printed elastic honeycombs with graded density for tailorable energy absorption." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Gyuhae Park. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2219322.

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Wang, W. B., X. H. Yang, Q. C. Zhang, and T. J. Lu. "Solidification Analysis of Density-Graded Closed-Cell Metallic Foam Under Constant Temperature Boundary Condition." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6719.

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In the industrial fabrication processes of density-graded closed-cell metallic foams, it is of great importance to control the solidification immediately after foams are formed so as to obtain the final products with well distributed density-graded pores and less defects. This paper presented an analytical work aiming to predict the solidification front of density-graded metallic foam under constant temperature boundary condition. Numerical simulations based on ideal density-graded circular pores demonstrated good agreement with the analytical solutions. The 2D porous morphology of a real density-graded aluminum foam was further reconstructed with microCT, on the basis of which the propagation of solidification front inside this real density-graded foam was numerically investigated. An equivalent shape factor for this real foam was calculated to provide an insight for the influence of different pore shapes on solidification. Compared with other pores, the solidification speed of elliptical pores (a common pore shape in real foams) is moderate, i.e., slower than circular pores but quicker than triangular pores for same porosity.
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Anufrieva, A. V., D. N. Tumakov, and V. L. Kipot. "Elastic wave propagation through a layer with graded-index distribution of density." In Days on Diffraction 2012 (DD). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dd.2012.6402745.

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Anderson, M. U., L. C. Chhabildas, and W. D. Reinhart. "Simultaneous PVDF/VISAR measurement technique for isentropic loading with graded density impactors." In The tenth American Physical Society topical conference on shock compression of condensed matter. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55681.

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Hall, A. C., C. M. Weyant, J. L. Wise, C. A. Hall, S. C. Jones, D. A. Urrea, J. F. Mccloskey, et al. "Graded Coatings for Light Gas Gun Flyer Plate Applications." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0443.

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Abstract Use of graded coatings is a well-known strategy for creating materials with continuously changing physical properties. The stiffness (modulus of elasticity) and density of flyer plates used in light gas gun testing directly influences the shape of the shock wave produced by the flyer plate. Many strategies exist for creating flyer plates that produce variable shock profiles, including stacked foils and powder compaction. We have investigated graded thermal spray coatings as an alternative method for creating flyer plates that produce variable shock profiles. An initial proof of concept demonstration has been completed by air plasma spraying a graded coating of Cu & Al onto a copper substrate. This composite flyer plate was tested in a light gas gun to demonstrate that a non-linear shock profile can be created. The plasma spray strategies used to create a group of similar graded density impactors are discussed. Initial light gas gun testing shows that graded density impactors can be created using thermal spray coatings.
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Reports on the topic "Graded density"

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Anderson, M. U., L. C. Chhabildas, and W. D. Reinhart. Simultaneous PVDF/VISAR measurement technique for isentropic loading with graded density impactors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/537389.

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Furnish, Michael David, William Dodd Reinhart, William W. Anderson, Tracy John Vogler, Rob Hixson, and Marlin E. Kipp. Exploring pulse shaping for Z using graded-density impactors on gas guns (final report for LDRD project 79879). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876342.

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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.
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Mejias-Santiago, Mariely, IV Berney, Bradley Ernest S., and Chase T. Evaluation of a Non-Nuclear Soil Density Gauge on Fine-Grained Soils. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581212.

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Sutton, Eric K. Accelerometer-Derived Atmospheric Density from the CHAMP and GRACE Satellites. Version 2.3. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada537198.

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Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.

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Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance of alternative MLMS units was performed. These MLMS included an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a portable backpack system along with its vehicle-mounted version, a medium-grade wheel-based system, and a high-grade wheel-based system. Point cloud from all the MLMS units were in agreement in the vertical direction within the ±3 cm range for solid surfaces, such as paved roads, and ±7 cm range for surfaces with vegetation. The portable backpack system that could be carried by a surveyor or mounted on a vehicle and was the most flexible MLMS. The report concludes that due to flexibility and cost effectiveness of the portable backpack system, it is the preferred platform for mapping roadside ditches, followed by the medium-grade wheel-based system. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulders, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data, and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulder, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively.
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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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Gur, Amit, Edward Buckler, Joseph Burger, Yaakov Tadmor, and Iftach Klapp. Characterization of genetic variation and yield heterosis in Cucumis melo. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600047.bard.

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Project objectives: 1) Characterization of variation for yield heterosis in melon using Half-Diallele (HDA) design. 2) Development and implementation of image-based yield phenotyping in melon. 3) Characterization of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional variation across 25 founder lines and selected hybrids. The epigentic part of this objective was modified during the course of the project: instead of characterization of chromatin structure in a single melon line through genome-wide mapping of nucleosomes using MNase-seq approach, we took advantage of rapid advancements in single-molecule sequencing and shifted the focus to Nanoporelong-read sequencing of all 25 founder lines. This analysis provides invaluable information on genome-wide structural variation across our diversity 4) Integrated analyses and development of prediction models Agricultural heterosis relates to hybrids that outperform their inbred parents for yield. First generation (F1) hybrids are produced in many crop species and it is estimated that heterosis increases yield by 15-30% globally. Melon (Cucumismelo) is an economically important species of The Cucurbitaceae family and is among the most important fleshy fruits for fresh consumption Worldwide. The major goal of this project was to explore the patterns and magnitude of yield heterosis in melon and link it to whole genome sequence variation. A core subset of 25 diverse lines was selected from the Newe-Yaar melon diversity panel for whole-genome re-sequencing (WGS) and test-crosses, to produce structured half-diallele design of 300 F1 hybrids (MelHDA25). Yield variation was measured in replicated yield trials at the whole-plant and at the rootstock levels (through a common-scion grafted experiments), across the F1s and parental lines. As part of this project we also developed an algorithmic pipeline for detection and yield estimation of melons from aerial-images, towards future implementation of such high throughput, cost-effective method for remote yield evaluation in open-field melons. We found extensive, highly heritable root-derived yield variation across the diallele population that was characterized by prominent best-parent heterosis (BPH), where hybrids rootstocks outperformed their parents by 38% and 56 % under optimal irrigation and drought- stress, respectively. Through integration of the genotypic data (~4,000,000 SNPs) and yield analyses we show that root-derived hybrids yield is independent of parental genetic distance. However, we mapped novel root-derived yield QTLs through genome-wide association (GWA) analysis and a multi-QTLs model explained more than 45% of the hybrids yield variation, providing a potential route for marker-assisted hybrid rootstock breeding. Four selected hybrid rootstocks are further studied under multiple scion varieties and their validated positive effect on yield performance is now leading to ongoing evaluation of their commercial potential. On the genomic level, this project resulted in 3 layers of data: 1) whole-genome short-read Illumina sequencing (30X) of the 25 founder lines provided us with 25 genome alignments and high-density melon HapMap that is already shown to be an effective resource for QTL annotation and candidate gene analysis in melon. 2) fast advancements in long-read single-molecule sequencing allowed us to shift focus towards this technology and generate ~50X Nanoporesequencing of the 25 founders which in combination with the short-read data now enable de novo assembly of the 25 genomes that will soon lead to construction of the first melon pan-genome. 3) Transcriptomic (3' RNA-Seq) analysis of several selected hybrids and their parents provide preliminary information on differentially expressed genes that can be further used to explain the root-derived yield variation. Taken together, this project expanded our view on yield heterosis in melon with novel specific insights on root-derived yield heterosis. To our knowledge, thus far this is the largest systematic genetic analysis of rootstock effects on yield heterosis in cucurbits or any other crop plant, and our results are now translated into potential breeding applications. The genomic resources that were developed as part of this project are putting melon in the forefront of genomic research and will continue to be useful tool for the cucurbits community in years to come.
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