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1
Von Seg Esser, L. K., M. Tönz, B. Leskosek, and M. Turina. "Evaluation of Phospholipidic Surface Coatings ex-vivo." International Journal of Artificial Organs 17, no. 5 (1994): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889401700507.
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To evaluate the thromboresistant properties of phospholipidic surface coatings mimicking the lipid surface of blood cells, we studied four different types of phospholipids bound onto PVC tubings in comparison to uncoated as well as heparin bonded controls. The samples analyzed included diacetylenic phospholipid coated as a monomeric treatment (A), diacetylenic phospholipid polymerised prior to being coated (B), and two types of polymeric phospholipids made using methacrylate containing monomers (C and D). A bovine (bodyweight 67 ± 3 kg) left heart bypass model (pump flow 3.2 ±0.1 l/min) was selected and the surfaces were exposed to the blood stream up to 360 min without systemic heparinization. Thereafter another set of samples was exposed to stagnant blood over 20 min. Besides hemodynamic, hematologic and biochemical analyses, the macroscopic appearance of 119 blood exposed surface samples was graded semiquantitatively on a scale of 0 to 10: no macroscopic deposits = grade 0, 1 spot (1 mm diameter) = grade 1, 2 spots = grade 2, 5 or more spots = grade 5, up to 10% of the surface covered with clots = grade 6, 100% covered = grade 10 (p<0.05=∗): mean grade of deposits was 0.0 ± 0.0 for segments perfused and 0.0 ± 0.0 for segments exposed to stagnant blood with surfaces exposing to the blood either heparin, phopholipid A, or phospholipid B (NS). Phospholipids C and D were graded 0.0 ± 0.0 if perfused and 0.7 ± 1.2 if exposed to stagnant blood. Uncoated PVC control tubings however were graded 0.2 ± 0.8 for segments perfused and 2.7 ± 3.0 for segments exposed to stagnat blood (p<0.05 in comparison to all surfaces coated with phospholipids or heparin if perfused and if exposed to stagnant blood). Hence phospholipidic surface coatings expose significant antithrombotic properties which out perform todays standard for tubings in clinical perfusion (uncoated PVC).
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Rajshekhar, Vedantam, and G. Samson Sujith Kumar. "Functional Outcome after Central Corpectomy in Poor-grade Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy or Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament." Neurosurgery 56, no. 6 (2005): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000159713.20597.0f.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: We studied the long-term functional outcome in poor-grade patients (Nurick Grades 4 and 5) with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossified posterior longitudinal ligament after central corpectomy (CC). We sought to determine whether there were any prognostic factors that could predict functional outcome in these patients. METHODS: Functional outcome data were collected for 72 patients (68 men and 4 women; mean age, 49.7 yr; range, 30–67 yr) with CSM (60 patients) or OPLL (12 patients) of Nurick Grades 4 (55 patients) and 5 (17 patients). Uninstrumented CC was performed at 1 level in 12 patients, at 1 level combined with a discoidectomy at another level in 4 patients, at 2 levels in 50 patients, and at 2 levels plus a discoidectomy in 5 patients. The age at presentation (≤50 yr or &gt;50 yr), grade before surgery (4 or 5), the number of levels operated (1 or &gt;1), diagnosis (CSM or ossified posterior longitudinal ligament), and duration of myelopathic symptoms (≤12 mo or &gt;12 mo) were studied for their effect on the functional outcome noted at the last follow-up. Functional outcome was graded as poor (no change in Nurick grade), fair (improvement of one Nurick grade), good (improvement of two Nurick grades), and cure (follow-up Nurick grade of 0 or 1). RESULTS: The follow-up ranged from 9 to 104 months (mean, 36.3 mo). One patient died 3 weeks after CC after surgery for a perforated duodenal ulcer. There was transient operative morbidity in 12 patients (16.9%). The mean Nurick score improved from 4.24 to 2.47 (P &lt; 0.001). Of the 54 patients (76%) who improved in their Nurick grade, the functional outcome was graded as fair in 13 patients (18.3%), good in 24 patients (33.8%), and cure in 17 patients (23.9%). The functional outcome was poor in 17 patients (23.9%). Functional improvement after CC was uniformly correlated with myelopathic symptoms of 12 months' duration or shorter. The other favorable prognostic indicators for improvement after CC were a diagnosis of CSM and preoperative Nurick Grade 5; however, patients with a preoperative Nurick grade of 4 were more likely to experience a cure. CONCLUSION: More than three-fourths of patients with poor-grade CSM improve in their functional status after CC, with nearly 24% of patients obtaining a cure. Because patients with a duration of myelopathic symptoms of 12 months or less had the best functional outcome, early decompressive surgery should be offered to patients with poor-grade CSM.
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Weller, A. S., C. E. Millard, M. A. Stroud, P. L. Greenhaff, and I. A. Macdonald. "Physiological responses to cold stress during prolonged intermittent low- and high-intensity walking." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 6 (1997): R2025—R2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.6.r2025.
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In a previous study [Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 41): R226-R233, 1997], the physiological responses to 240 min of intermittent low-intensity walking exercise in a cold (+5 degrees C), wet, and windy environment (Cold) may have been influenced by a 120-min preceding phase of intermittent higher-intensity exercise. Furthermore, the physiological responses observed during this latter phase may have been different if it had been more prolonged. To address these questions, active men attempted a 360-min intermittent (15 min of rest, 45 min of exercise) exercise protocol in Cold and a thermoneutral environment (+15 degrees C, Neutral) at a low (0% grade, 5 km/h; Low; n = 14) and a higher (10% grade, 6 km/h; High; n = 10) intensity. During Low, rectal temperature was lower in Cold than in Neutral, whereas O2 consumption, carbohydrate oxidation, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, and blood lactate were higher. During High, Cold had a similar but less marked influence on the thermoregulatory responses to exercise than during Low. In conclusion, the physiological responses to Low are similarly influenced by Cold whether or not they are preceded by High. Furthermore, during intermittent exercise up to an intensity of approximately 60% of peak O2 consumption, a cold, wet, and windy environment will influence the physiological responses to exercise and potentially impair performance.
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Chimirala, Uma Maheshwari. "Towards a convivial tool for narrative assessment: Adapting MAIN to Gondi (Dantewada, India), Halbi and Hindi for Gondi- and Halbi-Hindi speaking bilinguals." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 64 (August 31, 2020): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.64.2020.561.
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 This paper presents the adaptation of MAIN to Gondi (Dantewada), Halbi and Hindi for Gondi-Hindi and Halbi-Hindi bilinguals. The Gondi and Halbi communities and the context in which Gondi-Hindi and Halbi-Hindi bilingual children are growing up are described, and the adaptation process is outlined together with its theoretical underpinnings. Finally, results from a study of 54 Halbi-Hindi bilinguals from Grade 3 (Mean age = 8.5 years), Grade 5 (Mean age = 10.9 years) and Grade 7 (Mean age = 12.9 years) are presented. The results showed that, for the macrostructure of Grade 3 and Grade 5, L1 retelling was significantly better than L2 retelling, though this pattern was not found in Grade 7 where the performance was at the same level across languages for retelling. Narrative macrostructure was consistently higher in tellings than in the retellings regardless of languages and grades.
 
 
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Shan, Bin, Wei Xiong, and Shufen Zhang. "Dyeing Method and Properties of a Novel Blue Azo-Anthraquinone Reactive Dye on Cotton." Molecules 24, no. 7 (2019): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071334.
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A novel blue azo-anthraquinone reactive dye was evaluated in the dyeing of cotton by using a dip–pad–steam process. Dyeing method and properties were examined in detail and the results showed that the dyeing method consisting of dye concentration of 25 g/L, sodium carbonate of 12 g/L, dipping time of 3 min and steaming time of 30 min was the most effective when a conventional “one-dip–one-nip” process was used. The fixation of the dyes on cotton could reach up to 93.4%, the wash and rub fastness both reached grade 4 above, and the light fastness reached grade 4–5 above. Such colored cotton showed very close colorimetric properties.
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Elhamaky, Tarek R. "Small incision upper blepharoplasty in the treatment of upper eyelid solitary nasal pad fat protrusion." Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 16, no. 3 (2023): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcas.jcas_33_22.
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Abstract Purpose: The aim of this article is to investigate the efficacy of small incision blepharoplasty in the treatment of upper eyelid single nasal pad fat bulge. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of 43 eyes of 24 patients who underwent small incision upper blepharoplasty for the treatment of solitary nasal pad fat bulge. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, periorbital evaluation, and patient satisfaction evaluation using Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Blepharoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (BOE) at baseline, 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after the surgery. All patients underwent small incision upper eyelid blepharoplasty for excision of nasal fat pad bulge. Results: Baseline nasal fat bulge was graded into grades 1, 2, and 3 in 4 (9.3%), 12 (27.9%), and 27 (62.8%) eyes, respectively. While at 6-month follow-up, grade 0 was recorded in 38 (88.4%) eyes, and grade 1 was recorded in 5 (11.6%) eyes. The mean operative time was 11.7 ± 1.9 min. GAIS showed degrees 1, 2, and 3 in 2 (8.3%), 19 (79.2%), and 3 (12.5%) patients at 6-month follow-up, respectively. Twenty-two patients (91.7%) reported a BOE scale of more than 95%, whereas two patients (8.3%) reported a scale of 80–90% at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Our cohort highlights the beneficial effects of small incision upper blepharoplasty in the treatment of upper eyelid solitary or lone nasal pad fat bulge, providing a safe, short-timing, and effective option.
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Duan, C., and W. W. Winder. "Effect of endurance training on activators of glycolysis in muscle during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 2 (1994): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.2.846.
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Endurance training attenuates exercise-induced increases in blood lactate at the same submaximal work rate. Three intramuscular compounds that influence muscle lactate production were measured in fasted non-trained (NT) and endurance-trained (T) rats. The T rats were subjected to a progressive endurance-training program. At the end of the program (11 wk), they were running 2 h/day at 31 m/min up a 15% grade 5 days/wk. NT and T rats were fasted for 24 h and then anesthetized (pentobarbital, iv) at rest or after running for 30 min at 21 m/min (15% grade). Blood lactate levels were significantly lower in the T rats than in the NT rats after 30 min of running (2.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.2 mM). The lower blood lactate concentration was accompanied by lower plasma epinephrine (2.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.0 +/- 0.8 nM), adenosine 3′, 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (0.36 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.03 pmol/mg), mg), glucose 1,6-diphosphate (26 +/- 2 vs. 40 +/- 5 pmol/mg), and fructose 2,6-diphosphate (3.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.3 pmol/mg) in white quadriceps muscle in T than in NT rats. Red quadriceps muscle glucose 1,6-diphosphate and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate were also lower in T than in NT rats. These adaptations may be responsible in part for the lower exercise-induced blood lactate in fasted rats as a consequence of endurance training.
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Zagriadskiǐ, E. A. "Hybrid methods treatments for III and IV grade hemorrhoids." Koloproktologia 22, no. 4 (2023): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33878/2073-7556-2023-22-4-53-61.
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Aim: to evaluate hybrid techniques in patients with stage III and IV hemorrhoids.Patients and Methods: from January 2017 to December 2021, 154 patients with external and internal hemorrhoids of the 3rd and 4th stages were treated at the Moscow Medical Center “ON CLINIC”, including men — 118 (76.6%) and women — 36 (23.4%), aged of 45.8 ± 10.3 (27–72) years. The history of the disease was 8.8 ± 2.2 (5–15) years. All patients underwait transanal dearterialization with mucopexy. With its inefficiency, a hybrid operation technique was performed.Results: all patients were operated under spinal anesthesia in a one-day hospital. Operation time was 38.05 ± 4.7 (27–55) min. Postoperative pain syndrome on the first day was 34.1 (30–40) mm on the VAS scale, due to the elective use of Ketorolac tromethamine, 30.1 ± 1.2 (30–40) mg. By the 5–6th day, the pain syndrome decreased to 24.2 (20–30) mm and 15.3 (0–30) mm. Hospital stay was 24.5 ± 2.3 (21–38) hours. The mean period of disability was 12.8 ± 3.1 (10–14) days. When comparing the clinical results of treatment with a follow-up period of 29.9 months, there was no progression of the disease manifestation.Conclusion: the use of hybrid techniques in the treatment of complex forms of hemorrhoids allows to minimize trauma of the anal canal and to reduce the rehabilitation period.
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ERTAŞ, Gülçin, Muzaffer Bedri ALTUNDAĞ, Ebru ATASEVER AKKAŞ, Hayati ABANUZ, Esra KEKİLLİ, and Fatih GÖKSEL. "Local control results in extremity soft tissue sarcomas." Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 5, no. 6 (2022): 1736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1175942.
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Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate local control results and effective predictive factors in local control of extremity soft tissue sarcomas, retrospectively. Material and Method: 51 patients underwent postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital between October 2008-January 2022. Patients who underwent post-operative adjuvant RT were treated with 60-68 Gy in 2 phases from 2 Gy /day using conformal radiotherapy technique. IMA chemotherapy protocol was applied to 31.4% of the patients after radiotherapy. Results: The median follow up time was 46 months range (1-135). Recurrence was detected in 5 of the patients and the mean time of recurrence was 11.6 months (min: 3-max: 27). 10 patients developed metastasis at follow-up, the mean time until metastasis was 27 months (min: 18- max: 46). The mean overall survival (OS) was 103 (min:4-max:139) months and the OS of 2, 5 and 10 years were 93%, 65% and 60%, respectively. Disease-free survival (DFS) was 97 (min:4-max:139) months; 2, 5 and 10 years of DFS were 77%, 65% and 60%, respectively. The OS in patients aged ≥65 years old was significantly lower than in patients &lt;65 years old (p=0.02). Overall and disease-free survival was significantly lower in patients undergoing chemotherapy (p=0.037 for overall survival, p=0.013 for disease-free survival). The occurrence of recurrence, metastasis or death within 3 years after the operation was significantly higher than after 3 years (p&lt;0.001). Local failure was significantly higher in grade 3 tumors (p=0.05). All patients who recurred had grade 3 tumors. Metastasis and excitus were significantly higher in the follow-up of patients who underwent chemotherapy at one point during their treatment (p=0.027 for metastasis, p=0.042). Conclusion: While favorable local control results are obtained with adjuvant high dose-conformal radiotherapy in extremity sarcomas, close follow up is important for distant metastasis and local recurrence, especially in the first 3 years.
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Khelif, David Hamid, Clement Kintzinger, Said Taha, et al. "First results of radiotherapy after hyperbaric oxygenation with temozolomide for high-grade gliomas." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.2048.
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2048 Background: The outcome of patients with high-grade gliomas remains poor despite modern therapeutic arsenal. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) given immediately after hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) with Stupp protocol. Methods: All patients with histologically confirmed high-grade gliomas from 2008 till 2011 coveraged at GHSR hospital were enrolled. Patients underwent Stupp protocol consisting in 60 Gy RT with a daily dose of 2 Gy for 5 days per week administrated immediately after HBO. Temozolomide (TMZ) was administrated at the daily dose 75 mg/m², 7 days per week followed by 6 cycles of TMZ 150 to 200 mg/m² for 5 days each 28 day-cycle. HBO schedule was approximately 15 min of compression with air, 60 min of 100% oxygen inhalation and 10 min of decompression with oxygen. Results: A total of 21 patients were diagnosed and histologically confirmed high grade gliomas. Five were excluded because of HBO contraindications. Twelve patients (75%) had undergone debulking surgery. The time interval from completion of decompression to start of irradiation was less than 15 minutes (mean 14.25, range 8-18). Twelve patients (75%) received the complete dose of RT and TMZ. HBO was completed for 7 (43.75%). Five (31.25%) were temporarily stopped and 4 (25%) were definitively stopped. One patient (6.25%) suffered from pancytopenia with grade 4 thrombopenia and grade 3 neutropenia. The median follow up was 46.95 weeks (range 5.7-108.3). Nine patients (56.25%) are still alive. Four (25%) have a survival more than 16 months. Conclusions: HBO with Stupp protocol is feasible and promising but requiring a large multicentric study.
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Winder, W. W., H. T. Yang, and J. Arogyasami. "Liver fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in rats running at different treadmill speeds." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, no. 1 (1988): R38—R41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.1.r38.
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To determine the effect of work rate on liver fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (fructose 2,6-P2), rats were run for 5 min on a treadmill up a 15% grade at 16, 21, 26, 31, and 36 m/min. The liver content of fructose 2,6-P2 decreased 25, 42, 50, 62, and 71% from resting values after 5 min of running at these work rates. The time course of the decline in liver fructose 2,6-P2 was also studied in rats run at 16 m/min for times ranging from 5 to 100 min, at 23 m/min for times ranging from 5 to 60 min, and at 31 m/min for times of 5, 10, and 20 min. The hepatic content of fructose 2,6-P2 declined significantly after 5 min in all three groups of rats. The rate of decline was greatest in rats run at 31 m/min. After 100 min of running, fructose 2,6-P2 in livers of rats running at 16 m/min declined to levels seen in rats run at 31 m/min for 20 min. Changes in fructose 2,6-P2 occurred before a detectable decline in liver glycogen and in the absence of any significant change in blood glucose. Liver adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was elevated after 5 min of exercise in rats running at 23 and 31 m/min but not in rats running at 16 m/min. By the end of exercise, hepatic cAMP was elevated in rats running at all speeds. The rapid decline in fructose 2,6-P2 probably plays a role in decreasing hepatic glycolysis, thereby ensuring that glucose 6-phosphate derived from glycogenolysis is diverted to blood glucose.
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Kebriaei, Partow, Roland L. Basset, Celina Ledesma, et al. "Clofarabine (Clo) Plus Busulfan (Bu) Is an Effective Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) in Patients (pts) with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Long-Term Study Results." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 4376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4376.4376.
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Abstract Allogeneic HCT improves long-term disease control in pts with ALL, but the treatment-related mortality (TRM) associated with most myeloablative transplant conditioning regimens limits the benefits of HCT. Therefore, we investigated a novel regimen consisting of Clo combined with intravenous (i.v.) Bu in adult pts with ALL undergoing allogeneic HCT. Preliminary results were encouraging1, and we now report on long-term outcomes. Methods: Clo 40 mg/m2 was infused over 60 min, each dose followed by Bu 130 mg/m2 infused over 3 hours daily for 4 days followed by hematopoietic cell infusion 3 days later. Bu was infused either as a fixed dose per BSA, or to target an average daily AUC of 5,500 microMol-min for pts up to 60 years of age or 4000 microMol-min for pts greater than 60 years, determined by a test dose of Bu at 32 mg/m2 given 48 hours prior to the high dose regimen. Dilantin was administered for seizure prophylaxis. GVHD prophylaxis was based on tacrolimus andmini-MTX, with the addition of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (4 mg/kg total dose) for unrelated donor transplants. Results: 107 pts (91 B-lineage, 16 T-lineage) with median age 38 years (range 19-64 years) received an allogeneic matched sibling (n=52) or matched unrelated donor (n=55) HCT in CR1 (n=62), CR2 (n=28), or more advanced disease (CR3, n=2; incomplete recovery of counts, n=9; blasts >5%, n=6) .Complete remission was defined by <5% blasts in bone marrow and normal CBC. High-risk cytogenetic profile defined by the presence of t(9;22), t(4;11), or complex cytogenetics was noted in 41% of patients (n=45). The median time from diagnosis to HCT was 9.2 months (range 2.3-118.2 months). The most common grades II-III toxicities were mucositis (93%:70 grade II, 28 grade III) and reversible liver enzyme elevation (84%: 46 grade II, 44 grade III). The incidence of VOD was 6% (5 reversible grade III, 1 grade V); these 6 pts had extensive therapy prior to HCT with median time from diagnosis to HCT of 17.5 months. 104 pts are evaluable for response (early death within 30 days, n=2; recent HCT with less than 30 days follow-up, n=1). Median days to ANC > 0.5 x 109/L and platelet count > 20 x 109/L were 11 (range 10-25 days) and 13 (8-109 days; 8 pts without recovery), respectively. All pts with measurable disease prior to HCT achieved CR by day +30 after HCT. Full donor chimerism by day 30 was achieved in 70% pts; 84% of pts eventually achieved full donor chimerism defined as 100% donor T-cells and myeloid cells. The incidence of grades II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD were 35% and 10%, respectively; 18% pts developed extensive chronic GVHD. With a median follow-up of 2.5 years among surviving patients (0.1-4.9 years), the 2-year overall survival rates for pts transplanted in CR1, CR2, or more advanced disease were 68%, 58%, and 34%, respectively, as illustrated in figure below; 2-year disease-free survival rates were 60%, 40%, and 35%, respectively. Non-relapse mortality (NRM) rates at 100 days and 2 years were 6% and 18%, respectively. Among 9 pts older than 60 years treated with reduced dose Bu in CR1 (n=5), CR2 (n=3) or more advanced disease (n=1), 5 remain alive and disease-free. Conclusion: The CloBu combination is well-tolerated in this cohort of adult pts with high-risk ALL who received a median of 9.2 months of intensive (mainly HCVAD-based) chemotherapy prior to receiving transplant. Overall survival and NRM compare favorably with traditional TBI-based regimens. 1. Kebriaei et al. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012 Dec; 18(12): 1819-1826. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Alousi: Therakos, Inc: Research Funding. Andersson:Otsuka Research and Development, Inc.: Consultancy.
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Fu, You, and Ryan D. Burns. "Demographic Characteristics Related to Motor Skills in Children Aged 5-7 Years Old." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 6, no. 2 (2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.6n.2p.15.
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Background: Motor skill is important to young children’s overall well-being. However, there has been a paucity of work examining the demographic characteristics on young children’ motor skill. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in motor skills across socio-economic status (SES) and grade levels in elementary school children. Method: Participants were 651 kindergarten to 2nd grade children (mean age = 6.2 ± 0.9 years; 305 girls, 346 boys) recruited from two low SES schools and another two high SES schools. Selected motor skill items were measured using the Test for Gross Motor Development-3rd Edition (TGMD-3) instrument. Data were collected once at each school during physical education class and recess period. A 4 × 3 × 2 × 2 Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test was employed to examine the differences among grade, SES, ethnicity, and sex on TGMD-3 scores. Results: There were significant main effects for grade (Wilks’ lambda = 0.34, F (2, 1274) = 229.6, p < 0.001) and SES (Wilks’ lambda = 0.70, F (2, 637) = 136.3, p < 0.001). Follow-up tests revealed statistically significant differences between grades on locomotor, object control and overall TGMD-3, with the 2nd graders displaying highest mean scores, followed by 1st graders and kindergarteners. Follow-up tests suggested that high SES children displaying statistically significant higher mean scores than low SES students on all motor skill variables. Conclusion: Older children demonstrated higher motor competence levels, and those with high SES displayed higher motor skill levels than lower SES children.
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Sun, D., A. Huang, A. Koller, and G. Kaley. "Short-term daily exercise activity enhances endothelial NO synthesis in skeletal muscle arterioles of rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 5 (1994): 2241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.5.2241.
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We aimed to test the hypothesis that as a consequence of short-term daily bouts of exercise the control of arteriolar smooth muscle by endothelium is altered. Rats ran on a treadmill once a day, 5 days/wk, for 2–4 wk (with gradually increasing intensity, up to 26 min at 22 m/min at a 1% grade by the beginning of the 3rd wk and up to 38 min at 28 m/min at a 2% grade by the beginning of the 4th wk) while a control group remained sedentary (SED). Cannulated and pressurized arterioles of rat gracilis muscle developed spontaneous myogenic tone, which was slightly enhanced in exercised (EX) compared with SED rat arterioles. At 80 mmHg pressure, the passive (Ca(2+)-free solution) and active diameters of SED and EX rat arterioles were 105.4 +/- 3.8 and 55.1 +/- 2.3 microns and 107.1 +/- 3.4 and 50.2 +/- 2.2 microns, respectively. Dose-dependent dilations to sodium nitroprusside (10(-8)-10(-6) M) and constrictions to norepinephrine (10(-8)-10(-6) M) were not affected in EX arterioles, whereas dilations to adenosine (10(-6)-10(-4) M) were significantly reduced. In contrast, dose-dependent dilations to acetylcholine (ACh; 5 x 10(-9)-10(-7) M) and L-arginine [precursor of nitric oxide (NO); 10(-4)-10(-3) M] were significantly enhanced (by 33–78 and 57–75%, respectively) in arterioles of EX compared with those of SED rats. Responses of arterioles to sodium nitrite were not different in SED and EX groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Waldecker, Ute. "Outcome of Helal osteotomy for chronic plantar foot ulcers." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00506.
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Category: Diabetes Introduction/Purpose: Chronic ulceration of the forefoot is a major problem in neuropathic and diabetic feet. Foot ulceration represents a risk factor for the development of osteomyelitis and increases the risk of amputation.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Helal osteotomies concerning the development of plantar foot ulcers. Methods: Eighteen patients with a mean age of 69 years (min 55 yr, max 85 yrs) suffering from chronic, refractory ulcerations of the forefoot underwent Helal osteotomies. Demographic parameters, radiologic parameters, ulcer classification, complications, ulcer recurrence and ulcer healing were documented.The ulcerations were assessed according to the Wagner Armstrong classification. Results: The mean follow up was 30 months (min 6, max 68 months). Preoperatively, there were 3 grade 1A, 1 grade 1B,5 grade 2A, 8 grade 2B and 1 grade 3B ulcers. The most common site of ulceration was the MTP 3 joint, followed by the MTP 2 joint. All ulcers recovered with a mean healing time of 5.5 weeks (min: 1 week, max. 12 weeks). One ulcer recurred due to a secondary ossification of the osteotomy. After a reosteotomy, a permanent healing of the ulcer was achieved. There were 4 complications (1 hematoma, 2 wound infections, 1 ossification), of which only the ossification required revision surgery. Conclusion: The Helal osteotomy is a safe and effective method in treating neuropathic forefoot ulcerations. The procedure allows for rapid mobilization of the patient.
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Weinberg, Robert, Lawrence Bruya, Janice Longino, and Allen Jackson. "Effect of Goal Proximity and Specificity on Endurance Performance of Primary-Grade Children." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 10, no. 1 (1988): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.10.1.81.
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The purpose of this investigation was to test the effects of goal proximity and goal specificity on endurance performance of young children. Subjects were 130 boys and 125 girls from the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. Children were matched on baseline performance of the 2-min sit-up test and then randomly assigned to one of the following goal setting conditions: (a) short-term goal improvement of 4% each test trial, (b) long-term goal of 20% improvement over the course of the 10-week study, (c) short-term plus long-term goal, and (d) do your best. Subjects practiced sit-ups in class every day with practice tests once a week and actual scored tests once every other week. No significant differences between goal-setting conditions were found on baseline performance and thus a 4 × 3 × 2 × 5 (Goal × Grade × Gender × Trials) ANOVA was conducted. Results produced significant gender and grade main effects, with boys and sixth graders exhibiting the best performance. More important, a significant goal-condition-by-trials interaction revealed there were no differences on Trials 1 and 2, but on Trials 3, 4, and 5 the specific goal groups performed significantly better than the do-your-best group. A postexperimental questionnaire revealed that children were highly committed to their goals and tried extremely hard to reach their goals. Results are discussed in terms of Locke's goal-setting theory as well as recent empirical goal-setting studies conducted in physical activity settings.
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Hashimoto, K., T. Arai, and H. Kurosawa. "Technical Considerations and Intermediate-Term Results with Modified Devega Tricuspid Annuloplasty." Cardiovascular Surgery 1, no. 5 (1993): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096721099300100521.
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Because of unsatisfactory long-term results with current DeVega tricuspid annuloplasty, 43 patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation associated with mitral disease were treated with a modified DeVega operation. This procedure continues the suture line to the tendon of Todaro, resulting in almost circumferential traction of the tricuspid annulus. The suture is tied securely around a 29-mm or 31-mm (for women and men, respectively) ball-shaped obturator. Atrioventricular block was not observed. One patient died during the early postoperative period. During a mean(s.d.) follow-up of 5.0(2.0) years, one patient died from causes unrelated to tricuspid regurgitation 2 years after surgery. The mean(s.d.) functional class (New York Heart Association) was 3.1(0.5) on admission and improved to 1.2(0.4) at the end of follow-up The mean(s.d.) cardiothoracic ratio improved from 67(6) to 60(5)% at 1 month after operation and was 59(5)% at the final examination. Preoperative Doppler echocardiography revealed a mean(s.d.) regurgitation grade of 2.7(0.7). (Grades 1–4 are equivalent to mild, moderate, severe and massive regurgitation, respectively.) At 1 month, regurgitation was corrected almost completely in all patients (grade 0.2(0.4)) and remained significantly improved at follow-up (grade 0.5(0.6)). The actuarial freedom rate at 5 years for moderate or severe reguritiation (> grade 2) was 93%. This modification of the DeVega technique substantially improved early and late tricuspid valve competence.
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Marker, J. C., D. A. Arnall, R. K. Conlee, and W. W. Winder. "Effect of adrenodemedullation on metabolic responses to high-intensity exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 251, no. 3 (1986): R552—R559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.251.3.r552.
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To determine the role of epinephrine in glycogenolysis during high-intensity exercise, rats were adrenodemedullated (ADM) or sham operated (SHAM) and run for either 30 min at 38 m/min or for 5 min at 27, 38, or 48 m/min up a 15% grade. At the end of exercise the rats were anesthetized by intravenous injection of pentobarbital sodium. Liver, blood, and muscle samples were obtained. Plasma epinephrine values were 5.9 and 0.3 nM for SHAM and ADM animals, respectively, after 30 min of exercise. Liver glycogen decreased by 16 and 21 mg/g in the SHAM and ADM groups, respectively, and liver cAMP increased significantly in both groups. Glycogen in the soleus muscle decreased 80% in the SHAM but only 43% in the ADM animals after 30 min of exercise. The exercise-induced hyperglycemia observed in the SHAM animals was not present in the ADM animals. The responses of cyclic AMP, soleus glycogen, and blood glucose were similar in both the 5- and 30-min exercise groups. During intense exercise, epinephrine is unessential for stimulating liver glycogenolysis but does play an important role in stimulating glycogenolysis in the soleus muscle and in establishing exercise-induced hyperglycemia.
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Cavenagh, J. D., K. Yong, J. Byrne, et al. "The Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of KW-2478, a Novel Hsp90 Antagonist, in Patients with B-Cell Malignancies: A First-in-Man, Phase I, Multicentre, Open-Label, Dose Escalation Study." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2777.2777.
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Abstract Treatment of cancer cells with Hsp90 inhibitors/antagonists results in cell cycle arrest, destabilisation and apoptosis. This ability of Hsp90 antagonists to modulate tumour microenvironments and initiate the selective degradation of various factors needed for cell proliferation and survival make them potential candidates for the treatment of B-cell malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). KW-2478 is a novel non-ansamycin, non-purine analogue antagonist for Hsp90. This study investigated KW-2478 in patients (aged ≥18 y) with relapsed/refractory MM, CLL or NHL. Fifteen patients (5 cohorts of 3) received escalating doses of KW-2478 at 14, 28, 47, 71, 99 mg/m2, IV over 60 min, once daily on Days 1 to 5 of a 14-day cycle. Patients could receive further cycles for up to one year, with a dose escalation option. Study objectives were to determine safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of KW-2478. Safety was assessed throughout the study (AEs, dose-limiting toxicities [DLTs], vital signs, ECG, physical examination, safety laboratory tests and visual ophthalmological examination with electroretinogram [ERG]). DLT was defined as an event during the first cycle which was considered related to KW-2478 and either led to treatment delay, persisted beyond Day 14, was a clinically significant ERG change, was a grade 4 or clinically significant grade 3 non-hematological event, or was a grade 4 hematological toxicity not related to primary disease that had not recovered to ≤ grade 3 by Day 14. On Days 1 and 5 (first cycle), blood samples were collected at pre-dose, 50 min post start of infusion and 10 and 30 min, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 h post infusion for KW-2478 pharmacokinetic analysis. Blood was sampled for pharmacodynamic analysis at pre-dose and 8 h on Days 1 and 5. Hsp70 expression in PBMCs was analyzed by Western blot. Results showed good tolerability with no DLTs between KW-2478 doses of 14 and 99 mg/m2. Patients received a median of three treatment cycles though one MM patient underwent 19 treatment cycles and had two dose escalations with no toxicity. Overall, six patients (40%) had KW-2478 related toxicities (seven grade 1, seven grade 2 and two grade 3) and there were three grade 4 toxicities, not related to KW-2478. There were no trends noted for any specific toxicities associated with KW-2478, though one grade 1 and one grade 2 KW-2478 related episodes of hypertension were observed in a single patient, leading to hospitalization overnight. Two grade 3 related episodes of QTc interval prolongation were reported in one patient. Overall, KW-2478 related toxicities led to dose interruption (6%) or withdrawal from the study (13%). Two patients died from disease progression and no patients died from treatment related causes. Peak plasma concentrations were observed at the end of the infusion, after which KW-2478 plasma concentrations decayed in a biphasic manner with a dose-independent half-life of approximately 6 h. For Day 1, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the KW-2478 concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞) values increased in a dose-dependent manner at all doses. Repeated 5-day administration had no effect on plasma concentration at all doses. Mean [range] Day 5 KW-2478 Cmax varied from 656 [482–1050] ng/mL at the 14 mg/m2 dose to 2977 [2440–3640] ng/mL at 99 mg/m2. Mean [range] Day 5 KW-2478 AUC to last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) varied from 836 [532–1336] ng/mL at the 14 mg/m2 dose to 3465 [2997–4318] ng/mL at 99 mg/m2. Pharmacodynamic data were variable but there was a trend toward increased Hsp70 expression with increasing doses of KW-2478. This trend was most evident at 71 and 99 mg/m2, at 8 h post dose on Day 5. Once-daily infusions at doses of up to 99 mg/m2 achieved exposure levels similar to those that showed anti-tumor activity in pre-clinical models including models of human MM. Hsp70 induction data suggested that these exposure levels may be sufficient to affect function of Hsp90 in B-cell malignancies. Overall, KW-2478 was well tolerated with no DLTs at doses up to 99 mg/m2 and demonstrated a predictable pharmacokinetic profile in its target population. The study is proceeding with a KW-2478 dose of 132 mg/m2; further dose escalation is planned.
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Iravani, Masoud, Maryam Tavakoli, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri, et al. "Fludarabine and Busulfan (FluBuP Regimen) as Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic PBSCT in 71 Leukemic Patients (A Unicenteric Study)." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 5156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.5156.5156.
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Abstract Following 3 other centers in USA, Canada and Germany, we are evaluating fludarabine (40 mg/m2 on days −6 to −2) and busulfan (4 mg/kg/day on days −5 to −2) as a new conditioning regimen for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in leukemic patients with matched related donors. Seventy one patients were enrolled, 18 with high and 53 with standard risk (18 ALL, 35 AML, 16 CML and 2 MDS; F=29 M=42). The median patient age was 23.7 years(range, 2.4– 46.7). Cyclosporine was used as a prophylactic agent for GVHD (3mg/kg IV till +4, 10 mg/kg oral from day +5). The median follow-up was 269 days (range, 50–459 days). 91.5% and 15.5% developed mucositis and hepatic toxicity respectively which resolved with conservative therapy. There was no cardiac toxicity (except one patient with mild pericardial effusion and another with tachycardia). The median of highest serum creatinin level during hospitalization were 1.6 mg/dl (range, 0.8–3.7; 24.3% with Cr>2) and serum cyclosporine level, at the same time, was 246 ng/ml (range, 9–814). 7% experienced hemorrhagic cystitis (infection was ruled out) and 36.6% experienced moderate to severe headache. 38% and 14.1% of the patients showed grade 1, 2 and grade 3 acute GVHD respectively. Grade 4 acute GVHD was found in one patient. 50% and 6% showed limited and extensive chronic GVHD. 27% of patients became CMV+ (min +17, max +69). The median time for neutrophil and platelet recovery were 10 (min 0, max +26) and 12 (min 0, max +30) days. In day +38, 86.7% of the patients had 90% or more, mononuclear chimerism (with STR-PCR technique; median, 97%; range, 25–100). 5 ALL and 8 AML patients relapsed (18.3% of all patients) and 6 (8.45%) died after relapse. Nonrelapse mortality was 13% (9 patients; acute GVHD grade IV=1, CMV infection and GVHD=2, CMV infection=2, pneumonia=2, infection=2). With a median follow up of 9 months (range, 1.6–15.3 months), the probability of overall survival and disease free survival were 79.68% and 81.26% respectively. It could be beneficial to use fludarabine versus cyclophosphamide in standard conditioning regimen for leukemic patients because of reduced toxicity, low incidence of acute GVHD and facilitated donor engraftment.
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Hanus, Francois, Nicolas Caillet, Sylvain Gaillard, and Olivier Vassart. "Strength reduction factors for S355 to S500 steel grades under steady-state and transient-state heating." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 11, no. 2 (2019): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-01-2019-0001.
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Purpose This paper aims to describe coupon tests performed at elevated temperatures on S355 to S500 steel grades and comparison of test results with previous research studies and current EN 1993-1-2 material laws. The objective is to state if these steel grades satisfy to the current material laws and if the scope of application of these laws could be extended to S500 grades. Design/methodology/approach Two experimental programmes were launched to investigate the behaviour of S460M and S500M steel grades developed for hot-rolled sections. The first research programme was focussed on a comparison between S355 and S460 grades, where the second experimental programme was focussed on the recently developed S500M steel grade. The latter one comprised steady-state tests, transient-state tests and two large-scale beam tests. Findings Results of steady-state and transient-state tests correlate well with the reduction factors defined in EN 1993-1-2, currently limited to S460 grade. On the basis of this study, the scope of EN 1993-1-2 applies to S500 grades. For steady-state tests, the testing procedure (with and without acceleration after Rp0,2) led to noticeable differences. Transient-state tests, which are not standardised up to now, have been performed considering 5 K/min and 10 K/min constant heating rates. The slowest rate leads to lower strengths as creep effects are more significant. However, all the results are in line with EN 1993-1-2 material law. Importance should be given to the reference yield strength of steel at ambient temperature. Originality/value The revision of EN 1993-1-2 is on-going and this piece of work provides a contribution for extending the scope of application of material law of steel under fire conditions.
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Acs, Miklos, Michael Gerken, Vanessa Schmitt, et al. "Role of HIPEC after Complete Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) in Peritoneal Recurrence of Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (OC): The Aim for Standardization at Two Reference Centers for CRS." Cancers 15, no. 2 (2023): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020405.
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Background: This bicentric study evaluated cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Methods: The data of 88 patients with the first peritoneal recurrence of platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent CRS and HIPEC from a prospective HIPEC registry were retrospectively investigated. Endpoints were feasibility, chemotherapeutic compound, time of exposure, complications, and overall survival. Results: The median follow-up was 4.7 years (95%-CI 4.6–5.5). The median age was 55.8 years (IQR: 50.3–66.2). Eighty-four patients (95.5%) had high-grade serous histology. The median peritoneal cancer index was 12.0 (IQR: 7.0–20.5). Sixty-five patients (73.9%) had complete cytoreduction (CCR 0). Thirty-eight patients (43.2%) received HIPEC for 60 min, and fifty patients (56.8%) for 90 min. Eighteen patients (20.5%) had grade III to IV complications. One patient (1.1%) died perioperatively. The overall median survival was 43.1 months (95%-CI 34.1–52.2), and the 5-year survival rate was 39.7%. Only 90 min HIPEC and cisplatin were associated with survival. Conclusion: In well-selected patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, survival may correlate with complete CRS and 90 min cisplatin-based HIPEC. We confirmed the results of primary OC studies; therefore, this combination should be used for further analysis in the recurrent situation.
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Ayisi, Emmanuel Nyarko, and Karel Fraňa. "The Design and Test for Degradation of Energy Density of a Silica Gel-Based Energy Storage System Using Low Grade Heat for Desorption Phase." Energies 13, no. 17 (2020): 4513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174513.
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This paper presents the design and a short cycle repeatability test of a silica gel-based thermal energy storage system using low grade heat for the desorption phase. The system was designed to test the degradation in the energy storage density of the adsorbent material for a 2 h working period in a short number of cycles (5 cycles). Low grade heat of 70 °C is used for regeneration during the desorption phase in each cycle. It was found that a reduction of 1.6 W/kg per each cycle of energy storage was observed, up to 5 cycles. The maximal heat storage density was 292 kJ/kg at the first cycle and reduced to 225 kJ/kg at the fifth cycle. Furthermore, the total amount of water vapor adsorbed in the silica gel was observed as well. The test of energy storage was performed under a short time period (maximal approx. 165 min).
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Willems, M. E., J. T. Brozinick, C. E. Torgan, M. Y. Cortez, and J. L. Ivy. "Muscle glucose uptake of obese Zucker rats trained at two different intensities." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 1 (1991): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.36.
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Exercise training reduces the muscle insulin resistance of the obese Zucker rat. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the magnitude of this training response is exercise intensity specific. Obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into sedentary (SED), low-intensity (LI), and high-intensity (HI) exercise groups. For the LI rats, exercise training consisted of running on a rodent treadmill at 18 m/min up an 8% grade for 90 min. Rats in the HI group ran at 24 m/min up an 8% grade for four 17-min bouts with 3 min between bouts. Both exercise groups performed the same amount of work and trained 5 days/wk for 7 wk. To evaluate muscle insulin resistance, rat hindlimbs were perfused for 30 min with perfusate containing 6 mM glucose (0.15 mu Ci of D-[14C(U)] glucose/ml) and either a maximal (10.0 mU/ml) or a submaximal (0.50 mU/ml) insulin concentration. Perfusions were performed 48–56 h after the last exercise bout and a 12-h fast. In the presence of 0.5 mU/ml insulin, the rate of muscle glucose uptake was found to be significantly faster for the HI (9.56 +/- 0.66 mumol.h-1.g-1) than for the LI (7.72 +/- 0.65 mumol.h-1.g-1) and SED (6.64 +/- 0.44 mumol.h-1.g-1) rats. The difference in glucose uptake between the LI and SED rats was not significant. In the presence of 10.0 mU/ml insulin, the rate of glucose uptake was significantly faster for the HI (16.43 +/- 1.02 mumol.h-1.g-1) than for the LI rats (13.76 +/- 0.84 mumol.h-1.g-1) and significantly faster for the LI than for the SED rats (11.02 +/- 0.35 mumol.h-1.g-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Scully, Paul R., Kush P. Patel, Thomas A. Treibel, et al. "Prevalence and outcome of dual aortic stenosis and cardiac amyloid pathology in patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation." European Heart Journal 41, no. 29 (2020): 2759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa170.
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Abstract Aims Cardiac amyloidosis is common in elderly patients with aortic stenosis (AS) referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We hypothesized that patients with dual aortic stenosis and cardiac amyloid pathology (AS-amyloid) would have different baseline characteristics, periprocedural and mortality outcomes. Methods and results Patients aged ≥75 with severe AS referred for TAVI at two sites underwent blinded bone scintigraphy prior to intervention (Perugini Grade 0 negative, 1–3 increasingly positive). Baseline assessment included echocardiography, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests, 6-min walk test, and health questionnaire, with periprocedural complications and mortality follow-up. Two hundred patients were recruited (aged 85 ± 5 years, 50% male). AS-amyloid was found in 26 (13%): 8 Grade 1, 18 Grade 2. AS-amyloid patients were older (88 ± 5 vs. 85 ± 5 years, P = 0.001), with reduced quality of life (EQ-5D-5L 50 vs. 65, P = 0.04). Left ventricular wall thickness was higher (14 mm vs. 13 mm, P = 0.02), ECG voltages lower (Sokolow–Lyon 1.9 ± 0.7 vs. 2.5 ± 0.9 mV, P = 0.03) with lower voltage/mass ratio (0.017 vs. 0.025 mV/g/m2, P = 0.03). High-sensitivity troponin T and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide were higher (41 vs. 21 ng/L, P &lt; 0.001; 3702 vs. 1254 ng/L, P = 0.001). Gender, comorbidities, 6-min walk distance, AS severity, prevalence of disproportionate hypertrophy, and post-TAVI complication rates (38% vs. 35%, P = 0.82) were the same. At a median follow-up of 19 (10–27) months, there was no mortality difference (P = 0.71). Transcatheter aortic valve implantation significantly improved outcome in the overall population (P &lt; 0.001) and in those with AS-amyloid (P = 0.03). Conclusions AS-amyloid is common and differs from lone AS. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation significantly improved outcome in AS-amyloid, while periprocedural complications and mortality were similar to lone AS, suggesting that TAVI should not be denied to patients with AS-amyloid.
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Maleki, A., and B. Shahmoradi. "Solar degradation of Direct Blue 71 using surface modified iron doped ZnO hybrid nanomaterials." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 11 (2012): 1923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.091.
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This paper reports photodegradation of Direct Blue 71 under irradiation by sunlight. We synthesized Fe:ZnO nanomaterials under mild hydrothermal conditions (P = autogenous, T = 100 °C, t = 18 h). The precursors were Fe2O3 as dopant, n-butylamine as surface modifier, NaOH as mineralizer and reagent grade ZnO. The systematic experiments on the photodegradation of Direct Blue 71 were carried out by changing different effective parameters. The variables in this study were type of nanomaterials synthesized (4 types), nanomaterial dosage (0.4–1.0 g/L), contact time (30–120 min), pH (3–11), and dye concentration (20–100 ppm). The photodegradation efficiency was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) amount was used to find out mineralization efficiency. Our experimental results revealed that the nanomaterials synthesized had higher efficiency compared with the reagent grade ZnO. The best efficiency was achieved at the following conditions: 1.0 g/L nanomaterials loading, 120 min contact time, pH 5, and photodegradation efficiency from more than 75 up to 99% depending upon the dye concentration.
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Maharaj, Arun, Rikeenkumar Dhaduk, Daniel A. Mulrooney, et al. "Arterial stiffness and aortic hemodynamics as predictors for new or worsening cardiovascular events in childhood cancer survivors: A report from the St. Jude lifetime cohort." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): e24006-e24006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e24006.
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e24006 Background: Survival following childhood cancer has improved due to advances in treatment and supportive care. However, survivors are at high risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) later in life. Aortic artery stiffening, captured by measuring the speed and magnitude of forward and reflected pulse waves, is an independent predictor of CVD and mortality in the general population. Methods: We evaluated associations between vascular function and new or worsening CVDs [coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiomyopathy, and hypertension (HTN)] among a subset (n = 249) of St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE) participants who had baseline vascular function assessment and returned for a standard follow up study visit (mean age at baseline (years) ± standard deviation: 34 ± 9 years, follow-up: 39 ± 9 years). CVD conditions were graded (dichotomized as grades 0-1 and 2-4) using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Aortic stiffness, brachial and aortic blood pressure (BP), and aortic wave reflection (augmented pressure, augmentation index (AIx), AIx adjusted to a heart rate of 75 beats/min (AIx75), time and magnitude of the forward and reflected waves) were assessed using wave separation analyses. T-tests were used to test mean values between the groups with higher (2-5) and lower (0-1) grades. These tests informed the selection of identified variables for multivariate logistic models, which were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, drinking behavior and vasoactive medications. Results: Most participants had a history of Hodgkin lymphoma (53.8%) or leukemia (20.5%) and 25.7% other diagnoses. There were 169 (67.9%) participants who had cranial/neck radiation, 167 (67.9%) received anthracyclines, and 150 (60.2%) alkylating agents. At baseline 38.2% had ≥grade 2 HTN, 9.2% cardiomyopathy, and 4% CAD. Having ≥ grade 2 CVDs was significantly associated with augmented markers of brachial and aortic BP, arterial stiffness, and wave reflection. Regression analyses revealed that AIx75 ≥ 17% was associated with an increased risk of new or worsening HTN (odds ratio (OR) 3.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-10.48) and new or worsening cardiomyopathy (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.02-16.16) an average of 5 years after baseline vascular testing. Conclusions: Childhood cancer survivors diagnosed with grades 2-4 CVDs at a baseline visit had elevated aortic stiffness and augmented indices of wave reflection compared to those with < grade 2 CVDs. Elevated AIx75 was associated with new or worsening HTN and cardiomyopathy five years later. Early detection and treatment of vascular dysfunction may ameliorate CVD late effects in childhood cancer survivors.
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Hurst, Denise, Eric B. Taylor, Troy D. Cline, et al. "AMP-activated protein kinase kinase activity and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in contracting muscle of sedentary and endurance-trained rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 289, no. 4 (2005): E710—E715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00155.2005.
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This study was designed to examine activity of AMP-activated protein kinase kinase (AMPKK) in muscles from nontrained and endurance-trained rats. Rats were trained 5 days/wk, 2 h/day for 8 wk at a final intensity of 32 m/min up a 15% grade with 30-s sprints at 53 m/min every 10 min. Gastrocnemius muscles were stimulated in situ in trained and nontrained rats for 5 min at frequencies of 0.4/s and 1/s. Gastrocnemius LKB1 protein, a putative component of the AMPKK complex (LKB1, STRAD, and MO25), increased approximately twofold in response to training. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) determined by Western blot and AMPK activity of immunoprecipitates (both isoforms) was increased at both stimulation rates in both trained and nontrained muscles. AMPKK activity was 73% lower in resuspended polyethylene glycol precipitates of muscle extracts from the trained compared with nontrained rats. AMPKK activity did not increase in either trained or nontrained muscle in response to electrical stimulation, even though phospho-AMPK did increase. These results suggest that AMPKK is activated during electrical stimulation of both trained and nontrained muscle by mechanisms other than covalent modification.
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Ceelen, Wim, Louis Sandra, Leen Van de Sande, et al. "Intraperitoneal aerosolized nanoparticle albumin based paclitaxel (NAB-PTX) for irresectable peritoneal metastases: A first in human phase I study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (2021): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.4065.
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4065 Background: Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosolized chemotherapy (PIPAC) was recently introduced in the palliative treatment of peritoneal metastases (PM). Results from preclinical experiments suggest that intraperitoneal (IP) Nab-PTX may result in superior efficacy compared to solvent based paclitaxel (PTX). We performed a phase I first-in-human trial of PIPAC using Nab-PTX in patients with PM from upper gastrointestinal, breast, or ovarian cancer. Methods: Eligible patients with biopsy-proven PM underwent up to three PIPAC treatments using Nab-PTX with a four-week interval at two university hospitals. Patients underwent laparoscopy with IP nebulization of Nab-PTX over 5 min; the procedure was completed after 30 min. The dose of Nab-PTX was escalated from 35 to 140 mg/m2 using a Bayesian approach until the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was reached. Secondary endpoints included surgical morbidity, pharmacokinetics (PK), histological treatment response, and overall survival. Blood and tissue samples were taken after each PIPAC procedure. Population PK analysis was performed using Monolix version 2020R1. Quality of life was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and visual analogue pain scales (VAS). Results: Twenty-three patients were included. The primary tumor was gastric cancer (55%), ovarian cancer (20%), hepatobiliary or pancreatic cancer (15%), breast cancer (5%), and miscellaneous (5%). No dose limiting toxicity was observed. Grade 3 thrombopenia was observed in one patient allocated to a dose of 90 mg/m2. One patient allocated to the highest dose experienced grade 3 neutropenia one week after each PIPAC. The most frequent treatment-related toxicities were liver toxicity (grade 1 to 3, 75%) and anemia (grade 1 to 3, 70%). Eight patients (40%) showed surgical site infections including wound infection and wound dehiscence (grade 1 to 3), four of whom required treatment with antibiotics. Treatment was associated with histological response in 35% of patients, while stable disease and progressive disease were found in 35% and 30%, respectively. The absorption of PTX continued long after the end of the procedure (30 min), with the Tmax reached between 2 and 6 h after initiation of the procedure. Median tumor PTX concentrations suggested accumulation: 9.37 ng/mg, 14.78 ng/mg and 25.75 ng/mg after the first, second and third PIPAC, respectively. EORTC global health, functional, and symptom scores as well as VAS scores remained stable throughout the treatment period. Overall survival after one year was 57%. Conclusions: PIPAC with Nab-PTX may be applied safely up to a dose of 140 mg/m2 and results in a favorable PK profile and promising anticancer activity. At the MTD of 140 mg/m2, considerable surgical site infections and liver toxicity were observed. Therefore, the recommended dose for future phase II trials is 112.5 mg/m2. Clinical trial information: NCT03304210.
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Fuchs, Charles S., Atsushi Ohtsu, Josep Tabernero, et al. "Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin for first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer: Preliminary safety data from KEYNOTE-059." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.161.
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161 Background: Standard first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer includes combination chemotherapy with a platinum agent and a fluoropyrimidine. The anti–PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab (pembro) has shown promising antitumor activity as monotherapy in patients (pts) with advanced gastric cancer. We report preliminary safety data for pts with advanced gastric cancer treated with pembro + cisplatin and 5-FU in the multicohort, phase 2 KEYNOTE-059 study (NCT02335411). Methods: Eligible pts were aged ≥ 18 y and had HER2– relapsed or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, ECOG PS 0-1, and no prior therapy for metastatic disease. Pts received pembro 200 mg + 5-FU 800 mg/m2 (or capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 in Japan) + cisplatin 80 mg/m2 Q3W for 6 cycles followed by pembro + 5-FU for up to 2 y or until confirmed progression, intolerable toxicity, or investigator decision. Primary end point was safety and tolerability of the combination. Results: Of the 17 pts enrolled (10 from Asia, 7 from outside Asia), 70.6% were men, and median age was 58.0 y. Three pts (17.6%) had a prior gastrectomy—2 total, 1 partial. As of the Aug 12, 2015, data cutoff date, median follow-up duration was 3.6 mo (range 2.6-5.4), and pts received a median of 5 treatment cycles (range 3-7). Only 1 pt (5.9%) discontinued treatment (due to progressive disease). There were no treatment-related deaths or discontinuations. Twelve pts (70.6%) experienced treatment-related adverse events (AEs) of any grade, most commonly neutropenia/decreased neutrophils (n = 7, 41.2%), stomatitis (n = 6, 35.3%), and decreased appetite (n = 5, 29.4%). Eight pts (47.1%) experienced ≥ 1 grade 3-4 treatment-related AE; only neutropenia/decreased neutrophils (n = 4 [23.5%] grade 3, n = 3 [17.6%] grade 4) occurred in > 1 pt. AEs of interest based on immune etiology, regardless of attribution by investigator, were grade 2 infusion-related reaction and grade 2 pruritus (n = 1 [5.9%] each). Conclusions: Preliminary data from KEYNOTE-059 suggest the combination of pembro, cisplatin, and 5-FU has a manageable safety profile as first-line therapy in pts with advanced gastric cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT02335411.
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Bird, M. M., and A. W. Segal. "Microinjected neutrophils retain the ability to take up bacteria." Journal of Anatomy 200, no. 5 (2002): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00047_30.x.
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It is now possible to microinject protein to probe specific biochemical pathways and/or cell functions in small cells such as human neutrophils (Bird et al. J.Anat.198, 2001). We have shown that these cells retain their ability to modify their F‐actin cytoskeleton following the microinjection procedure. The principal task of neutrophils is to hunt and kill bacteria by responding to chemotactic gradients which cause them to extend actin rich pseudopodia in the direction of the highest concentration of these molecules. On reaching their target the neutrophils make tight contact with the bacteria and phagocytosis ensues. Here we address the question of whether or not the microinjected cells are still able to maintain their normal phagocytic activities.Human neutrophils maintained in culture for 20 mins were confronted with Staphylococcus aureus (1 × 104 cells/mL) for 5 min and then injected with rat IgG as an exogenous protein that also serves as a marker for injected cells. After 30 min the cells were fixed for fluorescence or confocal microscopy in 3.7% formaldehyde and permeabilised for 5 min (0.2% Triton X‐100 in PBS). They were then incubated for 45 min in 2.5 µL FITC‐anti rat IgG and 1 µL TRITC‐phalloidin (to show the F‐actin cytoskeleton), in 996.5 µL of PBS, washed 6 times in PBS and mounted on slides in 5 µL Mowiol containing a grain of antiquench. For TEM cells were fixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer for 3 min at room temperature and then washed in 0.2 m cacodylate buffer 6 times before incubation with 1 mm NiCl2 and SIGMA fast DAB peroxidase tablets for 30 min. The cells were postfixed in a 2% solution of osmium tetroxide for 30 min, dehydrated through a series of graded ethanols, and embedded and sectioned for TEM.By TEM the injected neutrophils were observed to have taken up bacteria into vacuoles of varying size. At the earliest stages of this process, prior to and immediately following the initial release of granular contents and the initiation of mechanisms to rapidly destroy bacteria, the bacteria fitted more tightly in the vacuoles than at later stages. Injected neutrophils commonly contained several bacteria; more than one bacterium was frequently located within a single vacuole of substantial size. Confocal laser microscopic observations confirmed that cells containing ingested bacteria also contained IgG. Thus injected cells not only survive the microinjection procedure but also retain their ability to take up bacteria and initiate the digestive process.
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Anzorov, V. A., and S. V. Moryakina. "The influence of the academic performance of students on the functional state of the cardiovascular system." BIO Web of Conferences 76 (2023): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237601011.
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The article reveals the functional state of the cardiovascular system of female students with different grades in the grade book. From the evaluation of the results of our research, we can conclude that academic performance does not lead to significant changes in the indicators of the functional state of the cardiovascular system of girls. Thus, in female students with the highest academic performance, the AP value increased to 42.6 mm Hg. Art., ADsrdin up to 98.8 mm Hg. Art. and IOC up to 4.79 1/min, and in the control girls it was 40.6; 92.2 and 4.66 respectively. The level of SOC decreased in the group of excellent students to 62.8 ml, and in those who achieved satisfactory results it was 64.7. The level of OPSS and CEC in the group of female students with an average score of the record book “five” increased to 1559 dyn•s•cm-5 and 3271, and “three” amounted to 1515 and 2945. The value of CV between the groups ranged from 17.8 to 17.9 conventional units.
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Laughlin, M. H., R. J. Korthuis, W. L. Sexton, and R. B. Armstrong. "Regional muscle blood flow capacity and exercise hyperemia in high-intensity trained rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 6 (1988): 2420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.6.2420.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity treadmill exercise training on 1) the regional distribution of muscle blood flow within and among muscles in rats during high-intensity treadmill exercise (phase I) and 2) on the total and regional hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow capacities as measured in isolated perfused rat hindquarters during maximal papaverine vasodilation (phase II). Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained 5 days/wk for 6 wk with a program consisting of 6 bouts/day of 2.5-min runs at 60 m/min up a 15% grade with 4.5-min rest periods between bouts. After training, blood flows were measured with the radiolabeled microsphere technique (phase I) in pair-weighted sedentary control and exercise-trained rats while they ran at 60 m/min (0% grade). In phase II of the study, regional vascular flow capacities were determined at three perfusion pressures (30, 40, and 50 mmHg) in isolated perfused hindquarters of control and trained rats maximally vasodilated with papaverine. The results indicate that this exercise training program produces increases in the vascular flow capacity of fast-twitch glycolytic muscle tissue of rats. However, these changes were not apparent in the magnitude or distribution of muscle blood flow in conscious rats running at 60 m/min, since blood flows within and among muscles during exercise were the same in trained and control rats.
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Winder, W. W., and H. T. Yang. "Blood collection and processing for measurement of catecholamines in exercising rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 1 (1987): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.418.
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We have studied the time course of the decline in plasma catecholamines in the postexercise period in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were run on the treadmill for 5 min at 31 m/min up a 15% grade. At the end of the exercise the rats were quickly anesthetized by intravenous injection of pentobarbital. Blood samples were collected as soon as possible (average of 43 s), at 2 and 7 min postexercise. Plasma epinephrine decreased from 0.79 +/- 0.09 ng/ml to 0.51 +/- 0.05 after 2 min and to 0.35 +/- 0.09 after 7 min. Plasma norepinephrine decreased from 0.89 +/- 0.16 ng/ml to 0.61 +/- 0.05 after 2 min and to 0.50 +/- 0.07 after 7 min. We also studied the effect of time of centrifugation with respect to time of blood collection on plasma catecholamines. If blood samples were kept on ice no significant change in plasma epinephrine occurred over a period of 1 h. A small (14%) but significant decrease in norepinephrine was observed after 15 and 60 min. These studies emphasize the importance of collecting rat blood samples as quickly as possible after the end of exercise. Catecholamines decline very quickly in the rat after intravenous pentobarbital anesthesia.
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Pani, Swatirupa, Nilima Dash, B. K. Mohapatra, and S. K. Singh. "Siliceous Manganese Ore from Eastern India:A Potential Resource for Ferrosilicon-Manganese Production." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (2019): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2018-0081.
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AbstractSiliceous manganese ore, associated with the banded iron formation occurs in large volume in northern Odisha, India. It is a sub-grade ore containing 21% Mn, 60% SiO2 and 3% Fe, hence do not find any use and considered as waste. Such ore does not respond to any physical beneficiation techniques because of intricate microstructure and poor liberation of Mn-phase. It could only be up-graded to 32% Mn with 36% yield and 52% recovery by processing it through mineral separator followed by WHIMS. Siliceous manganese ore along with calcite and coke in appropriate ratio, when charged to a plasma reactor, a product with slag metal ratio of 2.5:1 was obtained within a period of 10 min. Electron probe micro-analysis of the metal confirmed it to be ferrosilicomanganese while the slag constitute of tricalcium silicate (C3S) with around 5% Mn in adsorbed state.
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Nguyen Minh, Giang, and Phuong Nguyen Kim. "Measures of gender equality education for grade 1, and 2 students at primary schools in district 5, Ho Chi Minh City." Journal of Science Educational Science 67, no. 2 (2022): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1075.2022-0031.
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To meet the requirements of integrating gender equality education for students in grades 1 and 2 in District 5, Ho Chi Minh City according to the renovation of the 2018 educational program, the research has proposed 5 measures including 1) Setting up educational goals for gender equality when developing lesson plans with appropriate requirements; (2) Integrating the content of gender equality education into the content of teaching other subjects and educational activities; (3) Paying attention to gender equality when implementing teaching and educational methods; (4) Ensuring gender equality when the organization uses learning materials and learning media; (5) Paying attention to coordinate with family and society to participate in education for 1st and 2nd-grade students on gender equality issues. At the same time, the research has also developed and tested to evaluate the effectiveness of 6 lesson plans that integrate gender equality education in subjects and educational activities. The lesson plans and measures for gender equality education have been agreed upon and supported by the majority of teachers at primary schools in District 5, and are rated as good and highly feasible.
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Tse, A. N., G. Raggio, M. Morse, and N. E. Kemeny. "A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of escalating doses of fixed rate and escalating infusion duration of gemcitabine given via an intrahepatic pump for patients with hepatic metastases." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 14035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14035.
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14035 Background: Gemcitabine (Gem) is an attractive chemotherapeutic agent for hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) because of its broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity, high systemic clearance, and possibly high hepatic extraction. Pre-clinical models indicate that cytotoxicity of gemcitabine increases with duration of drug exposure. Methods: In this phase I trial, successive cohorts of patients (Pts) with hepatic metastases of colorectal or bile duct cancer were given HAI Gem 3 out of 4 weeks. During the dose escalation phase, increasing doses of HAI Gem (800, 1000, 1200 and 1500 mg/m2) were given at 10 mg/m2/min. During the infusion duration escalation phase, 1000 mg/m2 of HAI Gem was given over increasing duration of infusion (200, 300, and 400 min.). To compare the pharmacokinetics of HAI Gem with that of intravenous (iv) Gem, Pts enrolled to the infusion duration escalation phase received a 60-min. infusion of iv Gem during the first treatment week at the same dose-rate as with subsequent HAI Gem. Results: To date, 23 Pts have been enrolled and 22 were evaluable for toxicity (median age 64; median KPS 90%; 13 males/9 females). All Pts had prior HAI FUDR treatment. HAI Gem is well tolerated up to 1500 mg/m2 given at 10 mg/m2/min and up to 1000 mg/m2 infused over 300 min. Only one Pt had to discontinue therapy due to toxicity (grade 4 alkaline phosphatase) and one DLT was observed (grade 3 rash). Most common grade 2+ toxicities include neutropenia (40%), thrombocytopenia (23%), bilirubin (14%), and alkaline phosphatase (23%). The steady-state level of Gem when given by HAI was lower than that obtained when the drug was given by iv in 3 out of 4 Pts (0.62 vs 1.8; 0.38 vs 2.9; 0.36 vs 0.63 mcg/ml). One Pt with cholangiocarcinoma had a partial response and one Pt had stable disease for 5 months. Conclusions: HAI Gem is safe and can be given as prolonged infusion not achievable with systemic administration. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate good hepatic extraction of the drug. The MTD has not been reached. [Table: see text]
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Mazza, Daniele, Edoardo Viglietta, Leopoldo Arioli, et al. "Surgical versus conservative management of patellar re-dislocation: clinical and radiological results at a mid-term follow-up of 5 years." MOJ Orthopedics & Rheumatology 15, no. 2 (2023): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojor.2023.15.00616.
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Background: Patellar dislocation accounts for 2–3% of all knee lesions and is the second most common cause of traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee. Proper treatment is essential to minimize long term sequelae, such as recurrent dislocation, painful subluxation, and osteoarthritis. Aim: The purposes of this perspective randomized study were: 1) to evaluate the mid-term clinical and radiological results of the Elmslie–Trillat procedure for the treatment of traumatic patellar re-dislocation; and 2) to compare the results, especially radiological osteoarthritis development, with those of non-operative management for traumatic patellar re-dislocation. Methods: From June 2013 to February 2015, 65 patients were admitted to our Emergency Department for a first patellar dislocation episode. All patients were treated non-operatively. When a second episode occurred within two years, patients were randomly assigned in two groups: Group A, patients treated surgically with Elmslie-Trillat procedure, and Group B, patients were further treated non-operatively. The Knee Society Score (KSS), Lysholm scale and Kujala questionnaire were administered immediately after the re-dislocation and at the final follow-up. Tangential patella radiographs were evaluated for patellofemoral osteoarthritis and graded according to Sperner’s classification. Results: The mean follow-up was 6.4±1.7 years (range 5-8) in Group A and 6.3±2.1 years (range 5-9) in Group B. In Group A, the KSS and Lysholm scale showed significant differences between pre- and post-operatively values (p<0.05). The mean Kujala score was significantly lower in Group B when compared with the mean value of Group A (p<0.05). At the final follow-up of more than 5 five years, the mean grade of patellofemoral osteoarthritis according to Sperner’s classification changed in Group A and Group B, with respectively 25% and 29% of patients having a grade greater than or equal to 3. Conclusion: This study confirms that Elmslie-Trillat is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of patellar instability, relieving pain and inability, and reducing recurrence risk. However, it cannot avoid the degenerative changes occurring in the natural evolution of patellar dislocation.
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Finelli, Antonio, Narhari Timilshina, Maria Komisarenko та ін. "5α-reductase inhibitors and the risk of grade reclassification for men with long-term follow-up on active surveillance for prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, № 2_suppl (2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.92.
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92 Background: The role of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) in prostatic diseases remains controversial because of an FDA black box label. We have previously published on the impact of 5-ARIs in men managed with active surveillance (AS), demonstrating their protective effect against progression. However, the long-term safety of 5-ARIs in the setting of AS has never been described, thus we sought to assess this. Methods: This is a single-institution, prospectively maintained, retrospective cohort study comparing men taking a 5-ARI versus no 5-ARI while on AS for PCa. Pathologic progression was evaluated and defined as Gleason score > 6, maximum core involvement > 50%, or more than 3 cores positive on a follow-up prostate biopsy. Time dependent covariate analysis to account for time on AS but not on 5-ARI was conducted to diminish the likelihood of overestimating the benefit. To account for differences in prostate volume at baseline between 5-ARI and non-5-ARI groups sensitivity analyses were performed, restricting men in the non-5-ARI group to those with larger glands (volume > 40 ml). Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted along with multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression modeling for predictors of pathologic progression. Results: The original cohort of 288 men on AS were analyzed. The median follow-up was 61.2 months (IQR: 29.8-95.24) with 124 men (43%) experiencing pathologic progression and 119 men (41.3%) abandoning AS. Men taking a 5-ARI experienced a lower rate of pathologic progression (24.3% vs 49.1%; p < 0.001) and were less likely to abandon AS (25.7% vs 46.3%; p = 0.002). On multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, lack of 5-ARI use was most strongly associated with pathologic progression (HR: 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-5.02). Sensitivity analyses done to account for gland size demonstrated that lack of 5-ARI use was still predictive of progression (HR: 2.76; CI, 1.45–5.25; p = 0.002). Importantly, 5-ARI use was not associated with increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. Conclusions: 5-ARIs were associated with a significantly lower rate of pathologic progression and abandonment of AS in men with median follow-up of 5 years.
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Hutber, C. Adrian, B. B. Rasmussen, and W. W. Winder. "Endurance training attenuates the decrease in skeletal muscle malonyl-CoA with exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 6 (1997): 1917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1917.
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Hutber, C. Adrian, B. B. Rasmussen, and W. W. Winder.Endurance training attenuates the decrease in skeletal muscle malonyl-CoA with exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1917–1922, 1997.—Muscle malonyl-CoA has been postulated to regulate fatty acid metabolism by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1. In nontrained rats, malonyl-CoA decreases in working muscle during exercise. Endurance training is known to increase a muscle’s reliance on fatty acids as a substrate. This study was designed to investigate whether the decline in malonyl-CoA with exercise would be greater in trained than in nontrained muscle, thereby allowing increased fatty acid oxidation. After 6–10 wk of endurance training (2 h/day) or treadmill habituation (5–10 min/day), rats were killed at rest or after running up a 15% grade at 21 m/min for 5, 20, or 60 min. Training attenuated the exercise-induced drop in malonyl-CoA and prevented the exercise-induced increase in the constant for citrate activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the red quadriceps muscle of rats run for 20 and 60 min. Hence, contrary to expectations, the decrease in malonyl-CoA was less in trained than in nontrained muscle during a single bout of prolonged submaximal exercise.
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Geyer, Lisa, Konrad Brockmeier, Christine Graf, et al. "Bubble Formation in Children and Adolescents after Two Standardised Shallow Dives." International Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 01 (2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0777-2279.
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AbstractCirculating venous bubbles after dives are associated with symptoms of decompression sickness in adults. Up to now it is not known to what extent children and adolescents are subjected to a bubble formation during their shallow dives and if there are possible indications for that. The aim of this pilot study is to investigate whether bubbles and/or symptoms occur after standardised repeated dives performed by young divers. 28 children and adolescents (13.5±1.1 years) carried out two 25 min dives to a depth of 10 m with a 90 min surface interval. Before and after, echocardiographic data were recorded and evaluated with regard to circulating bubbles with an extended Eftedal-Brubakk-Scale by 2 different examiners. Bubbles were observed for a total of 6 subjects, Grade I (n=5) and Grade III (n=1). None of them showed any symptoms of decompression sickness. No differences were established regarding potential influencing factors on bubble formation between the groups with and without bubbles. The results indicate that even relatively shallow and short dives can generate venous bubbles in children and adolescents. To what extent this relates to the decompression sickness or clinical symptoms cannot be validated at this point.
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Chaskis, Elly, Martina Silvestri, Nozar Aghakhani, Fabrice Parker, and Steven Knafo. "Management and Outcome of Recurring Low-Grade Intramedullary Astrocytomas." Cancers 16, no. 13 (2024): 2417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132417.
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Intramedullary astrocytomas (IMAs) are the second most frequent intramedullary tumors in adults. Low-grade IMAs (LG-IMA, WHO grade I and II) carry a better prognosis than high-grade IMAs (HG-IMAs). However, adjuvant treatment of LG-IMAs by radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy (CT) as well as treatment of tumor recurrences remains controversial. The aim of our study was to evaluate the postoperative outcome of LG-IMAs and the management of recurring tumors. We retrospectively reviewed a series of patients operated on for IMA from 1980 to 2022 in a single neurosurgical department. We retrieved 40 patients who received surgery for intramedullary astrocytomas, including 30 LG-IMAs (22 WHO grade I; 5 WHO grade II; 3 “low-grade”) and 10 HG-IMAs (4 WHO grade III; 5 WHO grade IV; 1 “high-grade”). Of the patients with LG-IMAs, the extent of surgical resection was large (gross or subtotal resection >90%) in 30% of cases. Immediate postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was proposed only to patients who underwent biopsy (n = 5), while others were initially followed-up. Over a median follow-up of 59 months (range = 13–376), 16 LG-IMA (53.3%) recurred with a mean delay of 28.5 months after surgery (range = 3–288). These included seven biopsies, five partial resections (PR), four subtotal resections (STR) but no gross total resections (GTR). Progression-free survival for LG-IMAs was 51.9% at 3 years and 35.6% at 5 and 10 years; overall survival was 96.3% at 3 years; 90.9% at 5 years and 81.9% at 10 years. There were no significant differences in terms of OS and PFS between WHO grade I and grade II tumors. However, “large resections” (GTR or STR), as opposed to “limited resections” (PR and biopsies), were associated with both better OS (p = 0.14) and PFS (p = 0.04). The treatment of recurrences consisted of surgery alone (n = 3), surgery with RT and/or CT (n = 2), RT with CT (n = 3), RT alone (n = 2) or CT alone (n = 2). In conclusion, although LG-IMAs are infiltrating tumors, the extent of resection (GTR or STR), but not WHO grading, is the main prognostic factor. The management of recurring tumors is highly variable with no conclusive evidence for either option.
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Cunha, Geraldo Felicio, Luiz de Marco, Luciana Bastos-Rodrigues, et al. "13C-uracil breath test to predict 5-fluorouracil toxicity in gastrointestinal cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): e13008-e13008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e13008.
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e13008 Background: Up to 30% of patients on 5-fluorouracil (5FU) experience severe toxicity. Dihydropyrimidine-dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency explains 36-61% of cases. Predicting toxicity is an unmet challenge. Uracil breath test (UraBT) consists of measuring 13CO2 in exhaled breath after ingestion of 2-13C-uracil to evaluate pyrimidine (and 5FU) catabolism. Methods: We studied 33 gastrointestinal cancer patients previously exposed to 5FU: thirteen had grade 3-4 and 20, grade 0-1 toxicity. Groups were well-balanced regarding: age (median, 57 years); gender (males, 35%); primary (colorectal, 90%); ethnicity (Caucasians, 55%); chemotherapy (Mayo clinic regimen, 75%). Main toxicities were febrile neutropenia, diarrhea and stomatitis. Tests used to evaluate pyrimidine catabolism: (1) sequencing of three exons of DPYD; (2) plasma dihydrouracil/uracil ratio (UH2/U); (3) UraBT. We tested the performance of UraBT to discriminate patients who had grade 0-1 toxicity versus grade 3-4 toxicity and patients with and without proven DPD-deficiency. DPD-deficients were defined as having had grade 3-4 toxicity plus either UH2/U < 1.8 or deleterious mutation. Results: 4/13 grade 3-4 toxicity patients proved to be DPD-deficient: three had deleterious mutations (IVS14+1G>A in one; SNP 2846A>T in two), and one had low UH2/U ratio. Mean delta over baseline in 50 minutes (DOB50) significantly differed between groups. DOB50 ≤ 161.4 discriminated individuals with grade 3-4 versus grade 0-1 toxicity (sensitivity= 61.5%; specificity= 85%) and DPD-deficient versus non DPD-deficient (sensitivity= 75%; specificity= 85%). Conclusions: UraBT is a non-invasive and easy to perform method with promising accuracy in discriminating individuals with severe toxicity to 5FU, comparing favorably to most tests available to predict 5FU toxicity. [Table: see text]
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Ludwig, Heinz, Elisabeth Rauch, Thomas Kuehr, et al. "Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone for Acute Light Chain-Induced Renal Failure: Final Results of a Phase II Study." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 3484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3484.3484.
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Abstract Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma (MM) and most frequently due to clonotypic light chains (LC) causing cast nephropathy, which is associated with fast deterioration of renal function, increased risk for infections and shortened survival. Here we present the final results of a phase II study employing lenalidomide-dexamethasone as treatment for patients with acute light-chain induced ARF. Patients and methods: 35 patients with LC-induced ARF have been enrolled. Cast nephropathy was confirmed in all 15 patients who had a renal biopsy. Patients with previously unknown MM must have presented with eGFR < 50ml/min and serum creatinine ³2.0mg/dL, and those with previously established diagnosis must have had documented eGFR ³ 60ml/min and serum creatinine ≤1.2mg/dL within 6 weeks before deterioration of eGFR to < 50ml/min and of serum creatinine to ≥ 2mg/dL due to LC-induced kidney injury. Nine cycles of Lenalidomide, day 1-21, q28 days, with dose adaptation according to eGFR (eGFR 30 – 50ml/min: 10 mg daily, eGFR < 30ml/min without requiring dialysis: 15mg q 48 hrs., eGFR < 30ml/min requiring dialysis: 5 mg daily following each dialysis) and dexamethasone (Dex), 40 mg, day 1-4, 9-12 and 17-21 during the first cycle and thereafter 40 mg once weekly were planned. Renal response was defined as previously described (Dimopoulos et al, Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2009, Ludwig et al. JCO 2010). Results: Patient's median age was: 66 (45-87), 28 patients had newly diagnosed and 7 previously established MM. 5.7% had ISS stage II, 94.3% stage III. 18 patients had light chain myeloma, 14 IgG, and 3 IgA isotype. Adverse cytogenetics t (4; 14) ± del17q ± 1q21 were detected in 14/29 patients. 4/35 patients died and 5 discontinued therapy (3 due to AEs, 1 due to PD, and 1 due to withdrawal of consent) within the first 2 cycles, leaving 26 patients for per protocol (PP) analysis. Median follow up was 17.7 months. Responses were seen in 25/35 (71.4%) patients; 7 (20%) had CR, 3 (8.6%) VGPR, 14 (40%) PR, and 1 (2.9%) MR. Median time to first and to best myeloma response was 28, and 92 days, respectively. Median baseline concentration of involved FLC was 5.465mg/L (range: 147–42.700mg/L) and 8350mg/L (range: 234– 35.500mg/L) in patients reaching ≥PR and ≤MR, respectively, and decreased significantly to a median of 95.75mg/L (range: 11.3–5.630mg/L, p <0.001) in the former, but not in the latter group. Renal response was observed in 16 (45.7%) of 35 patients (CRrenal, 5(14.2%), PRrenal, 7(20%), MRrenal, 5(14%)). Median time to renal and to best renal response was 28 and 157 days, respectively. Median eGFR increased significantly in patients with ≥ PR from 17.1ml/min at baseline to 39.1ml/min at best response (p<0.001), and from 23.7ml/min to 26.0ml/min in patients with ≤ MR (p=0.469) (figure 1A). Median PFS and OS were 5.5 and 21.8 months in the ITT and 12.1 and 31.4 months, respectively, in the PP group (figure 1B). Grade 3/4 anemia was seen in 43%, thrombocytopenia in 23% and neutropenia in 15% patients. Other non-haematologic AEs consisted mainly of grade 3-4/5 infection in 38%/9%, and of grade 3-4/5 cardiac toxicity in 11%/9% patients. Grade 3 diarrhea and vomiting/emesis were noted in 1 patient each. Conclusion: Lenalidomide (with dose adapted to eGFR) plus initial high dose Dex during the first cycle and low dose Dex during subsequent cycles resulted in rapid reduction of involved LC within 28 days in patients with ≥ PR. Overall, 71.4% of patients had a myeloma and 45.7% a renal response. Median eGFR increased significantly in patients with ≥ PR from 17.1ml/min at baseline to 39.1ml/min. Elderly patients experienced more toxicity and had more treatment discontinuations. Figure 1A. Median eGFR in patients with CR-PR and MR-NR at baseline and at best response. Figure 1A. Median eGFR in patients with CR-PR and MR-NR at baseline and at best response. Figure 1B. PFS and OS in the intent to treat and per protocol population. Figure 1B. PFS and OS in the intent to treat and per protocol population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Arena, F., A. Kurzyna-Solinas, R. F. Stark, et al. "Amifostine pretreatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving folfox chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 19663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19663.
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19663 Background: Oxaliplatin plays a key role in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) but is associated with dose- limiting peripheral neuropathy (PN) in >20% of patients. We investigated the effects of amifostine, a cytoprotective agent, on the prevention of PN in patients receiving oxaliplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) (FOLFOX) for the treatment of advanced (stage =III) CRC. Methods: In this ongoing prospective observational study, patients with stage =III CRC are assigned to receive FOLFOX alone (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, 5-FU 400 mg/m2 bolus, 5-FU 1.2 or 2.4 g/m2 continuous infusion over 46 h, LV 200 or 400 mg/m2) or FOLFOX plus 500 mg subcutaneous amifostine 30 minutes before chemotherapy. Some patients also receive bevacizumab and/or panitumumab. All patients receive Ca/Mg infusion (1 g each/100 mL normal saline) before and after oxaliplatin treatment. Incidence and degree of PN are assessed during biweekly patient interviews and graded using National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Version 3. Results: Sixteen patients have enrolled to date (9 nonamifostine, 7 amifostine; mean age, 60.2 y [range, 33–81 y]; 81% men). Currently, data for 6 patients (3 per group) who have completed 12 cycles of therapy are available. Two of 3 patients in the nonamifostine group reported PN grade =2 during treatment; 1 of these patients required multiple treatment interruptions because of grade 3 PN. The third nonamifostine patient reported grade 1 PN on only 2 occasions during treatment but experienced grade 2 PN at 3-month follow-up. No patient in the amifostine group reported grade =2 PN during the treatment period. One amifostine patient required a reduction in oxaliplatin dose after 8 cycles because of neutropenia. At 3-month follow-up, 1 amifostine-treated patient reported grade 1 tingling in his hands and is currently receiving treatment with pregabalin. Conclusions: The use of amifostine for the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced PN is investigational. Patients with advanced CRC who received amifostine with FOLFOX chemotherapy had a decreased incidence and severity of PN compared with patients who did not receive amifostine. Updated data will be available at the time of presentation; study enrollment continues. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Pepe, Pietro, Maria Tamburo, Paolo Panella, et al. "Erectile dysfunction following hydrogel injection and hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Our experience in 56 cases." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 94, no. 2 (2022): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2022.2.166.
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Introduction: The incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa) submitted to hypofractionated radiotherapy (HRT) has been prospectively evaluated. Materials and methods: From April 2018 to September 2020, 56 patients (median age 70 years) with cT1c PCa were treated by HRT directed to the prostate and seminal vesicle. Median PSA was 8.3 ng/ml; 20 patients (35.7%) vs. 28 (50%) vs. 8 (22.3%) had a PCa Grade Group 1 vs. 2 vs. 3, respectively. All patients underwent hydrogel injection of Space OAR and intraprostatic fiducials before HRT. The prescription dose was 60 Gy in 20 fractions 5 days/week over 4 weeks. During the follow up, PSA, genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were evaluated. The sexual function was evaluated by International Index of Erectile Function - 5 (IIEF-5) before, 6 and 18 months from HRT; 32/56 (57.1%) men referred a normal sexual activity before HRT (median IIEF-5 score: 22). Results: Median PSA level at median follow up of 18 months was 0.92 ng/ml and none used adjuvant therapy. One man (1.8%) referred a tardive grade 1 GU complication. At a median follow up of 6 and 18 months, 20/32 (62.5%) kept pretreatment sexual potency (median IIEF-5 score: 21). The 12/32 men who worsened the sexual function following HRT had a median age higher than patients without ED (78 vs. 67 years). Conclusions: The use of hydrogel injection and intraprostatic fiducials followed by HRT allowed to kept pretreatment sexual potency in 62.5% of the cases.
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Shrestha, I. N., G. P. Deo, S. K. Shrestha, S. Neupane, and B. S. Regmi. "Epidural tramadol improves the quality of pain relief during labor." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 3 (2017): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i3.16694.
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To study the analgesic efficacy and side effects of Tramadol for painless labor in combination with Bupivacaine. Randomized, controlled, double blind, open prospective study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chitwan Medical College from July 1st 2015 to June 30th 2016. 100 patients of ASA Grade I and II, aged between 20-35 years willing for epidural analgesia for labor pain were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: Group A- Control group and Group B- Study group. Subjects of Group A received 10 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine and that of Group B received 10ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine with 1mg/kg body weight of tramadol. Analgesic efficacy was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and other vital parameters (Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate) before the administration of the drug and at different time intervals of 0, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min and every hourly up to maximum of 5 hrs. Neonatal out comes were assessed by the use of APGAR scores and the side effects of the drugs in two groups were also evaluated. Total number of patients was 100, of ASA Grade I and II, aged between 20-35 years. The mean age of patients in Group A was 23.54 ± 3.74 years and 24.22 ± 3.64 years in Group B. Mode of delivery was spontaneous vaginal in 42 patients (84%) in group A and 45 patients (90%) in group B. Instrumental vaginal delivery was done in 1 patient (2%) of group A and none of group B. Cesarean section was done in 7 patients (14%) of group A and 5 patients (10%) of group B. There was no significant difference in heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate at various time intervals. Pain score of Group B was significantly less at 60th min and had lower values than Group A at various time intervals. Time for first top up was significantly delayed and the total dose of bupivacaine was significantly lower in Group B patients but the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly high among Group B patients. At one minute majority of the babies of group A had mean APGAR score 6.98 ± 0.55 versus 7.18 ± 0.60 in group B. At 5 minute, Group A had mean score of 8.02 ± 0.47 versus 8.22 ± 0.58 in Group B. There were no significant differences in 2 groups. In both the groups there was no significant effect on duration of second stage of labor and it wasn’t prolonged in any of the patients. Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine and tramadol provided better pain relief and reduced the total dose of bupivacaine in majority of the patients with no adverse effects on mother and fetus. As tramadol is cheap, safe and effective, it can be considered as a better option to improve quality of pain relief during labor.
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Buxó, Elvira, Aaron Sosa, Oscar Reig, et al. "Intravenous 5-Fluorouracil in Patients With Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 7 (2018): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418778066.
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Objectives: In the EXTREME trial, a combination of cisplatin or carboplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cetuximab was superior to cisplatin/carboplatin plus 5-FU for first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). With the aim of improving fluoropyrimidine-related tolerance without decreasing its efficacy, the safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus the oral fluoropyrimidine tegafur and cetuximab were investigated. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 104 patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC was conducted. Patients were treated with carboplatin (area under the curve: 5 mg/mL/min) on day 1, oral tegafur (250 mg/m2 twice daily) for 21 consecutive days, and cetuximab (400 mg/m2 as an initial 2-hour intravenous infusion, then 250 mg/m2 as a 1-hour weekly infusion for 3 weeks) for ≤6 cycles. Patients who responded to the therapy then received weekly cetuximab maintenance therapy. Results: Treatment was well tolerated with a high level of compliance (relative dose intensity: 96%, 88%, and 81% for carboplatin, tegafur, and cetuximab, respectively). Grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) were observed in 38% of patients (skin reactions in 17% of patients, anemia 4%, and neutropenia 3%). Grade 1-2 AEs included skin reactions (52% of patients), hypomagnesemia (20%), asthenia (19%), and anemia (13%). No venous thrombosis related to chemotherapy perfusion was observed. Over a median follow-up of 21 months, the median overall and progression-free survival were 11 and 6 months, respectively, and the overall response rate was 35%. Conclusions: Carboplatin plus oral tegafur and cetuximab is a safe, well-tolerated first-line therapy for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC.
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McKenna, Michael C., Beverly D. Stratton, Martha C. Grindler, and Stephen J. Jenkins. "Differential Effects of Whole Language and Traditional Instruction on Reading Attitudes." Journal of Reading Behavior 27, no. 1 (1995): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862969509547867.
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This article reports a three-part study comparing the effects of whole-language practice versus traditional basal instruction on children's reading attitudes. In Experiment 1, children in two whole-language elementary schools (Grades 1–5, N=485) and children in two traditional schools (Grades 1–5, N=433) responded to the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey (ERAS). Although significant main effects of grade level and gender were observed, there was no main effect of instructional approach. The possibility that whole language had been too broadly defined was addressed in a second study. In Experiment 2, Bergeron's (1990) definition was used to identify a third whole-language school, meeting more specific criteria. All students in Grades 1–5 ( N=713) were compared with the original basal group. Only the recreational ERAS subscale was administered because of the inapplicability of certain items of the academic subscale to the new whole-language setting. As before, no main effect of approach was observed, nor was any interaction of approach with other factors significant. Experiment 3 involved follow-up structured observations of two first-grade teachers in the second whole-language school. The attitude means of these teachers' classes differed significantly. Although the two teachers exhibited many similarities, notable differences emerged that warrant further study in order to examine a possible causal relationship between practice and attitude. Important differences in practice within a general whole-language philosophy may affect reading attitude differentially.
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Ståhle, Magnus, Aksel Foss, Bengt Gustafsson, et al. "Evaluation of Perfluorohexyloctane/Polydimethylsiloxane for Pancreas Preservation for Clinical Islet Isolation and Transplantation." Cell Transplantation 25, no. 12 (2016): 2269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x691709.
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This study aimed to evaluate a 50:50 mix of perfluorohexyloctane/polydimethylsiloxane 5 (F6H8S5) preservation of pancreases in a clinical setting compared with standard solutions for 1) cold ischemia time (CIT) <10 h and 2) an extended CIT >20 h. Procured clinical-grade pancreases were shipped in either F6H8S5 or in standard preservation solutions, that is, University of Wisconsin (UW) or Custodiol. F6H5S5 was preoxygenated for at least 15 min. Included clinical-grade pancreases were procured in UW or Custodiol. Upon arrival at the islet isolation laboratory, the duodenum was removed followed by rough trimming while F6H8S5 was oxygenated for 15-20 min. Trimmed pancreases were immersed into oxygenated F6H8S5 and stored at 4°C overnight followed by subsequent islet isolation. Pancreas preservation using F6H8S5 proved as effective as UW and Custadiol when used within CIT up to 10 h, in terms of both isolation outcome and islet functionality. Preservation in F6H8S5 of pancreases with extended CIT gave results similar to controls with CIT <10 h for both isolated islet functionality and isolation outcome. This study of clinically obtained pancreases indicates a clear benefit of using F6H8S5 on pancreases with extended CIT as it seems to allow extended cold ischemic time without affecting islet function and islet numbers.