Academic literature on the topic 'Grade:min:5 and up'
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Journal articles on the topic "Grade:min:5 and up"
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Von Seg Esser, L. K., M. Tönz, B. Leskosek, and M. Turina. "Evaluation of Phospholipidic Surface Coatings ex-vivo." International Journal of Artificial Organs 17, no. 5 (May 1994): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889401700507.
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To evaluate the thromboresistant properties of phospholipidic surface coatings mimicking the lipid surface of blood cells, we studied four different types of phospholipids bound onto PVC tubings in comparison to uncoated as well as heparin bonded controls. The samples analyzed included diacetylenic phospholipid coated as a monomeric treatment (A), diacetylenic phospholipid polymerised prior to being coated (B), and two types of polymeric phospholipids made using methacrylate containing monomers (C and D). A bovine (bodyweight 67 ± 3 kg) left heart bypass model (pump flow 3.2 ±0.1 l/min) was selected and the surfaces were exposed to the blood stream up to 360 min without systemic heparinization. Thereafter another set of samples was exposed to stagnant blood over 20 min. Besides hemodynamic, hematologic and biochemical analyses, the macroscopic appearance of 119 blood exposed surface samples was graded semiquantitatively on a scale of 0 to 10: no macroscopic deposits = grade 0, 1 spot (1 mm diameter) = grade 1, 2 spots = grade 2, 5 or more spots = grade 5, up to 10% of the surface covered with clots = grade 6, 100% covered = grade 10 (p<0.05=∗): mean grade of deposits was 0.0 ± 0.0 for segments perfused and 0.0 ± 0.0 for segments exposed to stagnant blood with surfaces exposing to the blood either heparin, phopholipid A, or phospholipid B (NS). Phospholipids C and D were graded 0.0 ± 0.0 if perfused and 0.7 ± 1.2 if exposed to stagnant blood. Uncoated PVC control tubings however were graded 0.2 ± 0.8 for segments perfused and 2.7 ± 3.0 for segments exposed to stagnat blood (p<0.05 in comparison to all surfaces coated with phospholipids or heparin if perfused and if exposed to stagnant blood). Hence phospholipidic surface coatings expose significant antithrombotic properties which out perform todays standard for tubings in clinical perfusion (uncoated PVC).
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Rajshekhar, Vedantam, and G. Samson Sujith Kumar. "Functional Outcome after Central Corpectomy in Poor-grade Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy or Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament." Neurosurgery 56, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000159713.20597.0f.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: We studied the long-term functional outcome in poor-grade patients (Nurick Grades 4 and 5) with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossified posterior longitudinal ligament after central corpectomy (CC). We sought to determine whether there were any prognostic factors that could predict functional outcome in these patients. METHODS: Functional outcome data were collected for 72 patients (68 men and 4 women; mean age, 49.7 yr; range, 30–67 yr) with CSM (60 patients) or OPLL (12 patients) of Nurick Grades 4 (55 patients) and 5 (17 patients). Uninstrumented CC was performed at 1 level in 12 patients, at 1 level combined with a discoidectomy at another level in 4 patients, at 2 levels in 50 patients, and at 2 levels plus a discoidectomy in 5 patients. The age at presentation (≤50 yr or >50 yr), grade before surgery (4 or 5), the number of levels operated (1 or >1), diagnosis (CSM or ossified posterior longitudinal ligament), and duration of myelopathic symptoms (≤12 mo or >12 mo) were studied for their effect on the functional outcome noted at the last follow-up. Functional outcome was graded as poor (no change in Nurick grade), fair (improvement of one Nurick grade), good (improvement of two Nurick grades), and cure (follow-up Nurick grade of 0 or 1). RESULTS: The follow-up ranged from 9 to 104 months (mean, 36.3 mo). One patient died 3 weeks after CC after surgery for a perforated duodenal ulcer. There was transient operative morbidity in 12 patients (16.9%). The mean Nurick score improved from 4.24 to 2.47 (P < 0.001). Of the 54 patients (76%) who improved in their Nurick grade, the functional outcome was graded as fair in 13 patients (18.3%), good in 24 patients (33.8%), and cure in 17 patients (23.9%). The functional outcome was poor in 17 patients (23.9%). Functional improvement after CC was uniformly correlated with myelopathic symptoms of 12 months' duration or shorter. The other favorable prognostic indicators for improvement after CC were a diagnosis of CSM and preoperative Nurick Grade 5; however, patients with a preoperative Nurick grade of 4 were more likely to experience a cure. CONCLUSION: More than three-fourths of patients with poor-grade CSM improve in their functional status after CC, with nearly 24% of patients obtaining a cure. Because patients with a duration of myelopathic symptoms of 12 months or less had the best functional outcome, early decompressive surgery should be offered to patients with poor-grade CSM.
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Weller, A. S., C. E. Millard, M. A. Stroud, P. L. Greenhaff, and I. A. Macdonald. "Physiological responses to cold stress during prolonged intermittent low- and high-intensity walking." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): R2025—R2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.6.r2025.
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In a previous study [Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 41): R226-R233, 1997], the physiological responses to 240 min of intermittent low-intensity walking exercise in a cold (+5 degrees C), wet, and windy environment (Cold) may have been influenced by a 120-min preceding phase of intermittent higher-intensity exercise. Furthermore, the physiological responses observed during this latter phase may have been different if it had been more prolonged. To address these questions, active men attempted a 360-min intermittent (15 min of rest, 45 min of exercise) exercise protocol in Cold and a thermoneutral environment (+15 degrees C, Neutral) at a low (0% grade, 5 km/h; Low; n = 14) and a higher (10% grade, 6 km/h; High; n = 10) intensity. During Low, rectal temperature was lower in Cold than in Neutral, whereas O2 consumption, carbohydrate oxidation, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, and blood lactate were higher. During High, Cold had a similar but less marked influence on the thermoregulatory responses to exercise than during Low. In conclusion, the physiological responses to Low are similarly influenced by Cold whether or not they are preceded by High. Furthermore, during intermittent exercise up to an intensity of approximately 60% of peak O2 consumption, a cold, wet, and windy environment will influence the physiological responses to exercise and potentially impair performance.
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Chimirala, Uma Maheshwari. "Towards a convivial tool for narrative assessment: Adapting MAIN to Gondi (Dantewada, India), Halbi and Hindi for Gondi- and Halbi-Hindi speaking bilinguals." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 64 (August 31, 2020): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.64.2020.561.
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This paper presents the adaptation of MAIN to Gondi (Dantewada), Halbi and Hindi for Gondi-Hindi and Halbi-Hindi bilinguals. The Gondi and Halbi communities and the context in which Gondi-Hindi and Halbi-Hindi bilingual children are growing up are described, and the adaptation process is outlined together with its theoretical underpinnings. Finally, results from a study of 54 Halbi-Hindi bilinguals from Grade 3 (Mean age = 8.5 years), Grade 5 (Mean age = 10.9 years) and Grade 7 (Mean age = 12.9 years) are presented. The results showed that, for the macrostructure of Grade 3 and Grade 5, L1 retelling was significantly better than L2 retelling, though this pattern was not found in Grade 7 where the performance was at the same level across languages for retelling. Narrative macrostructure was consistently higher in tellings than in the retellings regardless of languages and grades.
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Shan, Bin, Wei Xiong, and Shufen Zhang. "Dyeing Method and Properties of a Novel Blue Azo-Anthraquinone Reactive Dye on Cotton." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 4, 2019): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071334.
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A novel blue azo-anthraquinone reactive dye was evaluated in the dyeing of cotton by using a dip–pad–steam process. Dyeing method and properties were examined in detail and the results showed that the dyeing method consisting of dye concentration of 25 g/L, sodium carbonate of 12 g/L, dipping time of 3 min and steaming time of 30 min was the most effective when a conventional “one-dip–one-nip” process was used. The fixation of the dyes on cotton could reach up to 93.4%, the wash and rub fastness both reached grade 4 above, and the light fastness reached grade 4–5 above. Such colored cotton showed very close colorimetric properties.
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Elhamaky, Tarek R. "Small incision upper blepharoplasty in the treatment of upper eyelid solitary nasal pad fat protrusion." Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 16, no. 3 (July 2023): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcas.jcas_33_22.
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Abstract Purpose: The aim of this article is to investigate the efficacy of small incision blepharoplasty in the treatment of upper eyelid single nasal pad fat bulge. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of 43 eyes of 24 patients who underwent small incision upper blepharoplasty for the treatment of solitary nasal pad fat bulge. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, periorbital evaluation, and patient satisfaction evaluation using Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Blepharoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (BOE) at baseline, 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after the surgery. All patients underwent small incision upper eyelid blepharoplasty for excision of nasal fat pad bulge. Results: Baseline nasal fat bulge was graded into grades 1, 2, and 3 in 4 (9.3%), 12 (27.9%), and 27 (62.8%) eyes, respectively. While at 6-month follow-up, grade 0 was recorded in 38 (88.4%) eyes, and grade 1 was recorded in 5 (11.6%) eyes. The mean operative time was 11.7 ± 1.9 min. GAIS showed degrees 1, 2, and 3 in 2 (8.3%), 19 (79.2%), and 3 (12.5%) patients at 6-month follow-up, respectively. Twenty-two patients (91.7%) reported a BOE scale of more than 95%, whereas two patients (8.3%) reported a scale of 80–90% at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Our cohort highlights the beneficial effects of small incision upper blepharoplasty in the treatment of upper eyelid solitary or lone nasal pad fat bulge, providing a safe, short-timing, and effective option.
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Duan, C., and W. W. Winder. "Effect of endurance training on activators of glycolysis in muscle during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.2.846.
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Endurance training attenuates exercise-induced increases in blood lactate at the same submaximal work rate. Three intramuscular compounds that influence muscle lactate production were measured in fasted non-trained (NT) and endurance-trained (T) rats. The T rats were subjected to a progressive endurance-training program. At the end of the program (11 wk), they were running 2 h/day at 31 m/min up a 15% grade 5 days/wk. NT and T rats were fasted for 24 h and then anesthetized (pentobarbital, iv) at rest or after running for 30 min at 21 m/min (15% grade). Blood lactate levels were significantly lower in the T rats than in the NT rats after 30 min of running (2.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.2 mM). The lower blood lactate concentration was accompanied by lower plasma epinephrine (2.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.0 +/- 0.8 nM), adenosine 3′, 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (0.36 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.03 pmol/mg), mg), glucose 1,6-diphosphate (26 +/- 2 vs. 40 +/- 5 pmol/mg), and fructose 2,6-diphosphate (3.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.3 pmol/mg) in white quadriceps muscle in T than in NT rats. Red quadriceps muscle glucose 1,6-diphosphate and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate were also lower in T than in NT rats. These adaptations may be responsible in part for the lower exercise-induced blood lactate in fasted rats as a consequence of endurance training.
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Zagriadskiǐ, E. A. "Hybrid methods treatments for III and IV grade hemorrhoids." Koloproktologia 22, no. 4 (December 21, 2023): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33878/2073-7556-2023-22-4-53-61.
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Aim: to evaluate hybrid techniques in patients with stage III and IV hemorrhoids.Patients and Methods: from January 2017 to December 2021, 154 patients with external and internal hemorrhoids of the 3rd and 4th stages were treated at the Moscow Medical Center “ON CLINIC”, including men — 118 (76.6%) and women — 36 (23.4%), aged of 45.8 ± 10.3 (27–72) years. The history of the disease was 8.8 ± 2.2 (5–15) years. All patients underwait transanal dearterialization with mucopexy. With its inefficiency, a hybrid operation technique was performed.Results: all patients were operated under spinal anesthesia in a one-day hospital. Operation time was 38.05 ± 4.7 (27–55) min. Postoperative pain syndrome on the first day was 34.1 (30–40) mm on the VAS scale, due to the elective use of Ketorolac tromethamine, 30.1 ± 1.2 (30–40) mg. By the 5–6th day, the pain syndrome decreased to 24.2 (20–30) mm and 15.3 (0–30) mm. Hospital stay was 24.5 ± 2.3 (21–38) hours. The mean period of disability was 12.8 ± 3.1 (10–14) days. When comparing the clinical results of treatment with a follow-up period of 29.9 months, there was no progression of the disease manifestation.Conclusion: the use of hybrid techniques in the treatment of complex forms of hemorrhoids allows to minimize trauma of the anal canal and to reduce the rehabilitation period.
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ERTAŞ, Gülçin, Muzaffer Bedri ALTUNDAĞ, Ebru ATASEVER AKKAŞ, Hayati ABANUZ, Esra KEKİLLİ, and Fatih GÖKSEL. "Local control results in extremity soft tissue sarcomas." Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 5, no. 6 (October 25, 2022): 1736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1175942.
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Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate local control results and effective predictive factors in local control of extremity soft tissue sarcomas, retrospectively. Material and Method: 51 patients underwent postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital between October 2008-January 2022. Patients who underwent post-operative adjuvant RT were treated with 60-68 Gy in 2 phases from 2 Gy /day using conformal radiotherapy technique. IMA chemotherapy protocol was applied to 31.4% of the patients after radiotherapy. Results: The median follow up time was 46 months range (1-135). Recurrence was detected in 5 of the patients and the mean time of recurrence was 11.6 months (min: 3-max: 27). 10 patients developed metastasis at follow-up, the mean time until metastasis was 27 months (min: 18- max: 46). The mean overall survival (OS) was 103 (min:4-max:139) months and the OS of 2, 5 and 10 years were 93%, 65% and 60%, respectively. Disease-free survival (DFS) was 97 (min:4-max:139) months; 2, 5 and 10 years of DFS were 77%, 65% and 60%, respectively. The OS in patients aged ≥65 years old was significantly lower than in patients <65 years old (p=0.02). Overall and disease-free survival was significantly lower in patients undergoing chemotherapy (p=0.037 for overall survival, p=0.013 for disease-free survival). The occurrence of recurrence, metastasis or death within 3 years after the operation was significantly higher than after 3 years (p<0.001). Local failure was significantly higher in grade 3 tumors (p=0.05). All patients who recurred had grade 3 tumors. Metastasis and excitus were significantly higher in the follow-up of patients who underwent chemotherapy at one point during their treatment (p=0.027 for metastasis, p=0.042). Conclusion: While favorable local control results are obtained with adjuvant high dose-conformal radiotherapy in extremity sarcomas, close follow up is important for distant metastasis and local recurrence, especially in the first 3 years.
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Khelif, David Hamid, Clement Kintzinger, Said Taha, Philippe Gauchez, Marc Bintner, Emmanuel Chirpaz, JAN-Dirk Harms, and Valerie Florence Magnin. "First results of radiotherapy after hyperbaric oxygenation with temozolomide for high-grade gliomas." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.2048.
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2048 Background: The outcome of patients with high-grade gliomas remains poor despite modern therapeutic arsenal. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) given immediately after hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) with Stupp protocol. Methods: All patients with histologically confirmed high-grade gliomas from 2008 till 2011 coveraged at GHSR hospital were enrolled. Patients underwent Stupp protocol consisting in 60 Gy RT with a daily dose of 2 Gy for 5 days per week administrated immediately after HBO. Temozolomide (TMZ) was administrated at the daily dose 75 mg/m², 7 days per week followed by 6 cycles of TMZ 150 to 200 mg/m² for 5 days each 28 day-cycle. HBO schedule was approximately 15 min of compression with air, 60 min of 100% oxygen inhalation and 10 min of decompression with oxygen. Results: A total of 21 patients were diagnosed and histologically confirmed high grade gliomas. Five were excluded because of HBO contraindications. Twelve patients (75%) had undergone debulking surgery. The time interval from completion of decompression to start of irradiation was less than 15 minutes (mean 14.25, range 8-18). Twelve patients (75%) received the complete dose of RT and TMZ. HBO was completed for 7 (43.75%). Five (31.25%) were temporarily stopped and 4 (25%) were definitively stopped. One patient (6.25%) suffered from pancytopenia with grade 4 thrombopenia and grade 3 neutropenia. The median follow up was 46.95 weeks (range 5.7-108.3). Nine patients (56.25%) are still alive. Four (25%) have a survival more than 16 months. Conclusions: HBO with Stupp protocol is feasible and promising but requiring a large multicentric study.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grade:min:5 and up"
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Liswaniso, Belden. "The design and effects of a catch-up reading intervention for grade 5 teachers and learners in Namibia." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27430.
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Summaries In English, Xhosa and AfrikaansThe aim of this study was to carry out a reading comprehension intervention to empower teachers with knowledge and strategies for teaching reading, with the ultimate goal of improving the low reading comprehension of Upper Primary learners in Grade 5. The intervention was carried out for about four months, in which teachers were provided with teaching and learning resources, guidance on how to utilise the resources, and coaching on instructional practices. The intervention involved two control and two intervention schools. A modest interventionist approach was applied in which the six quality criteria for formative assessment as proposed by Nieveen (2007) were adopted to guide the study. The study was carried out in three phases. Phase 1 was concerned with the context and problem identification in which the relevance of the study, the first quality criterion, was addressed. A baseline study was conducted and the results showed that learners had low decoding and reading comprehension skills. The baseline study also revealed that teachers and principals had limited knowledge about reading and comprehension and how to teach them, and the schools were poorly resourced. Considering the low reading levels and academic performance of the learners, there was a need to improve the learners’ reading comprehension levels through teacher empowerment to enhance their literacy practices and change their attitudes. The study was underpinned by two theories of change, namely Guskey’s (1986, 2002) theory of teacher change and Fishbein’s (2000) Integrative Model of Behaviour Prediction. Phase 2 was concerned about the design, development and implementation of the intervention in which four quality criteria were addressed: the consistency, expected practicality, actual practicality, and the expected effectiveness of the intervention. Phase 3 addressed the actual effectiveness of the intervention, and the analysis of the pre- and post-intervention scores showed that the intervention schools improved significantly more than the control schools in decoding tests. The results also showed that the grade-appropriate age groups (10 and 11-yearolds) performed significantly higher than the older learners, and that girls had a slightly better performance than boys in all the assessments. The findings suggest that quality teaching and learning can happen if teachers receive ongoing support to enhance their instructional practices.
Injongo yolu phando ibe ikukuqhuba umsebenzi wokungenelela kufundo ngokuqiqa kwanokuqonda intsingiselo equlethwe kumagama abhaliweyo, ukuze kuxhotyise ootitshala ngezakhono nangeendlela emabafundise ngazo abafundi, khon’ukuze bakwazi ukufunda nokuqonda okubhaliweyo. Eyona nto lujonge kuyo olu phando, kukukhuphula izinga lesakhono sokufundwa kwamagama abhaliweyo ngabafundi bebanga lesi-5, ukuze bafunde ngomoya wengqiqo nokuqonda intsingiselo yoko bakufundayo. Olu phando lulungenelelo olwaaqhutywa isithuba esingangeenyanga ezine, apho ootitshala baanikwa izixhobo zokufundisa, kunye nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kwazo, baza baqeqeshelwa ukumilisela imiyalelo yokwenza oko bakufundisiweyo. Olu phando lubandakanya amaqela amabini ezikolo. Elokuqala, lelezikolo ezimbini apho abafundi bebandakanywe kuphando njengokuba benjalo. Oko kuthetha ukuthi, aba bafundi abanalo ifuthe longenelelo esingalo esi sifundo. Elesibini, lelezikolo ezimbini ekwenziwe kuzo ungenelelo. Xa kwakuqhutywa olu phando, kwaasetyenziswa uhlobo longenelelo oluzothileyo (i-modest intervention approach). Kulapho kwaaphakanyiswa khona ukuba kusetyenziswe imigaqo emithandathu ekumgangatho ophezulu, apho kuqhutywa uvavanyo olusekwe phezu kweentlobo-ntlobo zeemvavanyo, ngokwengcebiso kaNieveen (2007). Olu phando lwaaqhutywa kwizigaba ezintathu. Kwisigaba soku-1, lwalujongene nokubona ingxaki kunye neemeko eyenzeka phantsi kwazo, Kulapho olu ngenelelo lufuneka khona, nalapho umgangatho ophezulu nowokuqala waathi waphicothwa ngokubanzi. Isiseko sophando saaqhutywa, zaza iziphumo zaso zabonisa okokuba izinga lesakhono sokufunda kwabafundi liphantsi ngokubhekiselele kufundo lwamagama abhaliweyo, kuba bengenaso isakhono sokuhlalutya ngokupheleleyo instingiselo yamagama abhaliweyo, nesakhono sokufunda amagama ngomoya wengqiqo. Isiseko sophando sikwadize okokuba iititshala neenqununu azinalwazi luphangaleleyo malunga nendlela ekufundwa nekuhlalutywa ngayo amagama izivakalisi kunye neentetho ezibhaliweyo. Kananjalo, isiseko sophando sikwadize okokuba iititshala neenqununu azinazo izakhono zokufundisa abafundi ukufunda nokuhlalutya okubhaliweyo ngengqiqo, kwaye izikolo ziswele izixhobo zokukhuphula izinga lokufunda okubhaliweyo ngabafundi. Ngelokuthathela ingqalelo amazinga aphantsi ngokubhekiselele kwizakhono zabafundi ekufundeni amagama abhaliweyo, nakwimpumelelo yabafundi kwizifundo zabo ngokubanzi, kwaabakho imfuneko yokokuba kuphuculwe amazinga ekufundwa ngawo ngabafundi xa befunda okubhaliweyo. Ngokolu phando, konke oku kuyakwenzeka ngokuthi kuxhotyiswe ootitshala ngezakhono zokuphucula indlela abaqhuba ngayo xa befundisa abafundi ukubhala nokufunda okubhaliweyo, ukuze kananjalo batshintshe indlela ababona ngayo. Olu phando luxhaswe ngemibono emalunga notshintsho, nekuyimibono yeengcali ezimbini, u-Guskey’s (1986, 2002) ngombono wakhe osihloko sawo sithi “Utshintsho kwititshala” ‘Teacher change’ kunye no-Fishbein’s (2000) ngombono wakhe omalunga nokuphicotha ngokubanzi indlela zokutshintsha okanye ekunokwakhiwa ngazo izimilo okanye indlela ezithile zokuziphatha (NgesiNgesi yi-“Integrative Model of Behaviour Prediction). Isigaba sesi-2 sasijongene noku kulandelayo: izicwangciso zokungenelela kwingxuba kaxaka ethe yaphawulwa kolu phando, ukusebenzisa olu phando njengelinge lokungenelela ekukhuphuleni izinga lokufunda okubhaliweyo, nasekumiliseleni olu ngenelelo kwinkqubo zokufundisa okubhaliweyo. Kwesi sigaba kuyakuphicothwa ngokwemigqaliselo emine ekudidi oluphezulu ekuyile ilandelayo: Ungenelelo lwenziwa rhoqo okanye ngamaxesha athile; kulindeleke ukuba lwenzeke kangakanani olu ngenelelo? Kanti lona eneneni lwenzeke kangakanani? Utshintsho olulindelekileyo ngenxa yolu phando olungenelele kwingxaki ekhoyo yezinga eliphantsi lokufundwa kwamagama okanye okubhaliweyo ngokubanzi. Kwisigaba sesi-3, kuphicothwe kwabekwa elubala eyona nto iye yenzeka okanye umahluko oye wabonakala ngenxa yolu ngenelelo xa abafundi befunda amagama abhaliweyo. Ukuze kubonakale oku, kuphicothwe amanqaku athathwe phambi kokuba kungenelelwe nasemva kokuba kungenelelwe. Laa manqaku aye abonakalisa okokuba kwizikolo ebekwenziwe kuzo uphando longenelelo, inqanaba lokufunda amagama abhaliweyo ngomoya wokutolika ngengqiqo, likhuphuke ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, laba ke ngoko libhulele amasaka ezo zikolo bezingakhange zichatshazelwe lungenelelo. Iziphumo zolu phando zikwabonakalisa okokuba amaqela abafundi (abaminyaka ili-10 ne-11 leminyaka ubudala) ngokwamabanga abakuwo esikolweni ngokufanelekileyo, bababhulele amasaka abafundi abadala kunabo ngeminyaka xa kuthelekiswa amanqaku angokufunda ngengqiqo. Ngaphezu koko, amanqaku amantombazana abe bukhuphuka xa kuthelekiswa nawamakhwenkwe kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokuvavanywa kwabo. Iziphumo zophando zibonakalisa okokuba ukufundisa nokufunda okusemgangathweni kungenzeka xa iititshala zisoloko zifumana inkxaso engagungqiyo ukuze zikwazi ukukhuphula nokuphucula imisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla, yokufundisa abafundi.
Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n leesbegripsintervensie uit te voer om onderwysers te bemagtig met kennis en strategieë vir leesonderrig, met die uiteindelike doel om die lae leesbegrip van Hoër Primêre leerders in graad 5 te verbeter. Die intervensie is vir ongeveer vier gedoen maande, waarin onderwysers onderrig- en leerhulpbronne, leiding oor hoe om die hulpbronne te benut, en afrigting oor onderrigpraktyke voorsien is. Die intervensie het twee beheer- en twee intervensieskole behels. 'N Beskeie intervensionistiese benadering is toegepas waarin die ses kwaliteitskriteria vir formatiewe assessering, soos voorgestel deur Nieveen (2007), gebruik word om die studie te lei. Die studie is in drie fases uitgevoer. Fase 1 het gehandel oor die konteks en probleemidentifisering waarin die relevansie van die studie, die eerste kwaliteitskriterium, aangespreek is. 'N Basisstudie is uitgevoer en die resultate het getoon dat leerders oor lae vaardighede beskik oor dekodering en leesbegrip. Die basisstudie het ook aan die lig gebring dat onderwysers en skoolhoofde beperkte kennis gehad het oor lees en begrip en hoe om dit te onderrig, en dat die skole nie genoeg hulpbronne gehad het nie. Met inagneming van die lae leesvlakke en akademiese prestasie van die leerders, was dit nodig om die leerders se leesbegripsvlakke te verbeter deur bemagtiging van onderwysers om hul geletterdheidspraktyke te verbeter en hul houding te verander. Die studie is ondersteun deur twee teorieë oor verandering, naamlik Guskey (1986, 2002) se teorie oor onderwyserverandering en Fishbein (2000) se integrerende model van gedragsvoorspelling. Fase 2 was besorg oor die ontwerp, ontwikkeling en implementering van die intervensie waarin vier kwaliteitskriteria aangespreek is: die konsekwentheid, verwagte praktiese, werklike praktiese en die verwagte effektiwiteit van die intervensie. Fase 3 het die werklike effektiwiteit van die intervensie behandel, en die ontleding van die voor- en na-intervensie-tellings het getoon dat die intervensie-skole aansienlik meer verbeter het as die beheerskole in dekoderingstoetse. Die resultate het ook getoon dat die graadtoepaslike ouderdomsgroepe (10 en 11-jariges) beduidend hoër presteer as die ouer leerders, en dat meisies in al die assesserings effens beter presteer as seuns. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat gehalte-onderrig en -leer kan gebeur as onderwysers deurlopend ondersteuning kry om hul onderrigpraktyke te verbeter.
Linguistics and Modern Languages
Books on the topic "Grade:min:5 and up"
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Hsp. Kids cleaning up, advanced reader grade 5: Harcourt school publishers storytown. [Place of publication not identified]: Holt Mcdougal, 2005.
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Ritter, John H. Choosing up sides. New York: Philomel Books, 1998.
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Bartoletti, Susan Campbell. Hitler Youth: Growing up in Hitler's shadow. New York: Scholastic, 2004.
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Hopkinson, Deborah. Up before daybreak: People and cotton in America. New York: Scholastic Nonfiction, 2005.
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Hopkinson, Deborah. Up before daybreak: People and cotton in America. New York: Scholastic Nonfiction, 2005.
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O'Brien, Robert C. Z for Zachariah. New York: Collier Books, 1987.
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O'Brien, Robert C. Z for Zachariah. New York: Simon Pulse, 2015.
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O'Brien, Robert C. Z for Zachariah. London: Heinemann ELT, 1992.
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O'Brien, Robert C. Z for Zachariah. New York: Simon Pulse, 2007.
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Boden, Leslie. Indochinese Americans (Grade 5 Up). Chelsea House Pub (L), 1991.
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Piazena, H., W. Müller, and Peter Vaupel. "Physical and Photobiological Basics of wIRA-Hyperthermia." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 35–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_3.
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AbstractInformation regarding physical and photobiological basics of wIRA-HT has been derived under in vivo conditions in piglets and human tissues. Since wIRA fits into the optical window of tissues, direct conversion of absorbed radiation into heat (T >39 °C) has been proven up to tissue depths of 26 mm. Tissue heating cannot sufficiently be characterized by the specification of the radiant exposure (dose) due to its dependence on the thermal impact of irradiance and exposure time and on heat dissipation and metabolic heat production. If irradiations of identical doses are used, resulting tissue hyperthermia levels are the higher, the shorter the exposure time and the higher the irradiance. To comply with the ESHO criteria, incident wIRA irradiances should exceed ≈ 110 mWcm−2 (IR-A). At higher irradiances, steady-state temperatures (SST) ≥ 39 °C have been observed to tissue depths >20 mm in piglets and up to 26 mm in humans. SST values ≥40 °C have been measured up to tissue depths >20 mm (piglets) and up to 16 mm (humans), and SSTs ≥41 °C up to 16 mm (piglets) and up to 8 mm (humans). Post-heating temperature decay times limit optimal intervals between hyperthermia (HT) and subsequent radiotherapy (RT) sessions to periods ≤5 min.
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Thomsen, A. R., M. R. Saalmann, N. H. Nicolay, A. L. Grosu, and Peter Vaupel. "Temperature Profiles and Oxygenation Status in Human Skin and Subcutis Upon Thermography-Controlled wIRA-Hyperthermia." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 69–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_5.
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AbstractEfficacy of wIRA immediately followed by hypofractionated radiation in the treatment of locally recurrent breast cancer and other superficial tumors is documented. A prerequisite for the additive and synergistic radiosensitizing properties of hyperthermia is the assessment of resulting temperatures of tumors and normal tissues. To assess the role of hyperthermia in reversing tumor hypoxia through its effects on local blood flow, oxygen profiles in skin, subcutis, and superficial tumors have been additionally assessed during mild hyperthermia (39–43 °C).Upon wIRA-exposure, skin surface temperatures increased from 35 to 41.6 °C within 5–12 min. Maximum temperatures of 42 °C were found in subepidermal regions, with a steady decline in deeper layers reaching 40.1 °C at a depth of 20 mm. Heating was accompanied by increases in tissue oxygen tensions. Effective hyperthermia levels (≥ 39 °C) were established in depths up to 25 mm. Following wIRA exposure, tissue temperatures returned to pretreatment levels within a few minutes, with the decay time depending on tissue depths, while pO2 values remained on therapeutical levels for 30–60 min postheat, outlasting the period needed for subsequent radiotherapy. Monitoring in the upper dermis layer of skin and recurrent breast cancers confirmed the improved O2 status during wIRA exposure and outlasted the time needed for subsequent radiotherapy.
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Eliava, Shalva, Vadim Gorozhanin, Oleg Shekhtman, Yuri Pilipenko, and Olga Kuchina. "Surgical Treatment of Unruptured Brain AVMs: Short- and Long-Term Results." In Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, 87–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63453-7_13.
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AbstractUnruptured brain AVMs (bAVMs) remain a controversial subject for practicing neurosurgeons, especially in the light of ARUBA and other observational studies. This retrospective study aims to analyze our experience with unruptured bAVMs to see whether it is beneficial in the long-term and how it corresponds to large literature trials. The study comprised 160 adult patients with unruptured bAVMs surgically treated in Burdenko NMC (Moscow) in 2009–2017. Mean age: 33.4 ± 10лет. Clinical presentations were: seizures in 99 (61.9%), chronical headaches—49 (30.6%), ischemic symptoms—4 (2.5%), asymptomatic in 8 (5%) patients. Spetzler-Martin scale: I—18 pt. (11.3%), II—71 pt. (44.4%), III—60 pt. (37.5%), IV—11 pt. (6.8%). Good outcomes (mRS = 0–2) at discharge were achieved in 149 (93.1%), satisfactory (mRS—3)—9 (5.6%). Follow-up was complete for 97 (60.6%) patients, mean—59.3 (13–108 month). Excellent outcomes (mRS = 0–1) reached in 94.8%. For epilepsy patients, Engel I outcome was found in 50 (84.8%); for chronic headaches, 43 (66.1%) patients reported improvement. Postoperative visual field defects were followed in 22 of 55 (40%), complete recovery was reported in 6 (27%) and partial recovery in 8 (36%) patients. Overall, our results support the conclusion that surgery for low-grade bAVMs (S-M I–II) is a beneficial, low-risk option.
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Valini, Stephanie Assunção, and Ethel Zimberg Chehter. "Dysplastic barrett's esophagus: Surveillance, treatment and follow-up – A systematic horizontal review." In GLOBAL HEALTH TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES IN HEALTH SCIENCES. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/globalhealthprespesc-020.
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INTRODUCTION: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is important due to its recurrence, being the main reason for consultations and with prevalence higher than 25% in Asia and Southeast Europe. The most feared complication of GERD is esophageal adenocarcinoma (ECA), preceded by Barrett's esophagus (EB), defined as the replacement of the stratified squamous epithelium with an abnormal columnar epithelium with intestinal characteristics. The epidemiology still remains unknown due to the low specificity of the symptoms and the lack of consensus on the endoscopic characteristics for its diagnosis. In the dysplastic forms of EB with more chance of progression to ACE, there are few studies and better conducts in relation to dysplastic EB. OBJECTIVE: to clarify controversies about the conduct of dysplastic EB. METHOD: horizontal review, PRISMA method through electronic search in PubMed, between 2018 and 2022, with descriptors: "Barrett's Esophagus" and "Surveillance AND dysplasia AND esophagus" for all age groups. Inclusion: articles in English, with compatible titles and abstracts. We obtained 620 results and after selection 17 articles were included. RESULTS: 13 articles indicate the Seattle Protocol for diagnosis and surveillance; 5, anti-reflux therapy before endoscopy and 12, confirmation of dysplasia by a specialized pathologist. Follow-up low-grade dysplasia (GBD): radiofrequency ablation therapy (ART) and surveillance are feasible in 16 articles, with ART preferred in 8 and surveillance in 4. High-grade dysplasia (DAG) follow-up: endoscopic therapies recommended in 15 articles. Follow-up after dysplastic eradication: periodic and continuous endoscopic surveillance indicated in 9 articles and treatment with proton pump inhibitors in 2 articles. DISCUSSION: Although the Seattle Protocol is recommended for surveillance, it covers a small part of the esophageal mucosa, besides being time-consuming and having low adherence. Controversies persist about the management of BPD, but, in general, ablation is recommended to the detriment of surveillance. There is consensus on endoscopic ablation therapy until complete eradication of DAG. Esophagectomy is not recommended. After eradication, continuous surveillance and proton pump inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Disagreements persist due to discrepancies between studies, especially in low-grade dysplastic EB.
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Staude, John-Mark. "Geology, Geochemistry, and Formation of Au-(Cu) Mineralization and Advanced Argillic Alteration in the Mulatos District, Sonora, Mexico." In Northern Sierra Madre Occidental Gold-Silver Mines, Mexico, 1–18. Society of Economic Geologists, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/gb.42.ch01.
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Abstract The Mulatos district is a volcanic-hosted, advanced argillic, gold enargite system of late Oligocene age, located in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental volcanic province of Sonora, Mexico. Hypogene mineralization is associated with rhyodacite domes and major faults. Gold is associated with pyrite ± enargite in distinct pods of vuggy silica-pyrophyllite-diaspore-dickite in altered dacite-rhyodacite volcanic rock. Past production of more than 300,000 oz Au and reserves of more than 2.3 Moz make the district one of the largest gold systems in northern Mexico and one of the larger advanced argillic gold systems in the world. To the west of Mulatos, five other similarly altered systems are present, and these systems provide additional insight into the genesis and possible variations in mineralization, level of exposure, and physio-chemical conditions of formation. Unlike many acid-sulfate systems, hypogene alunite is uncommon at Mulatos and instead the main alteration mineral is pyrophyllite. The district was tilted ˜15° to 25° NE after mineralization, exposing >1 km of a mineralized and variably altered section. Advanced argillic alteration (>3 km2) can be traced laterally outward through intermediate argillic (>5 km2) into chlorite-montmorillonite ± epidote. Prominent silicified ridges and red (oxidation of pyrite) hills with kaolinite and scattered barite veinlets characterize the surface expression above ore zones. The age of mineralization is bracketed between 31.6 Ma mineralized tuffs and 25 Ma crosscutting and overlying unaltered basaltic andesites. Ore minerals include free gold, Au-rich pyrite, enargite, sphalerite, and less commonly, tennantite, Au telluride, covellite, and chalcopyrite. Elevated concentrations of Ag, As, Au, Ba, Cu, Hg, Mo, Sb, and Te are common in a 2-km2 alteration zone surrounding the mineralized centers. Mass balance calculations based on whole-rock studies of progressively altered samples show decreasing Ca, K, and Na and increasing Si and Al associated with intensifying acid leaching. The apparent increase in Si and Al is likely a consequence of cation leaching related to the low-pH hydrothermal fluids rather than element addition. Early Au with pyrite, followed by auriferous pyrite + enargite ± Ag sulfosalts, and late Au-containing barite make up the three principal ore stages. Stratigraphic reconstructions show that the tops of the shallowest orebodies are structurally controlled, thin, high-grade pyrite-barite, Au telluride, and Au pyrite + quartz veins formed at a depth of <200 m, whereas the top of the main Mulatos orebody (Cerro Estrella) formed at ˜600 m and continues downward for >400 m. Deep mineralization is dominantly lithologically controlled with large, low-grade (1–2 g/t Au) substratiform horizons coincident with stratigraphic contacts and specific lithologic facies. Higher grade quartz-pyrophyllite-pyrite-Au subvertical elongate zones feed the lateral mineralization. Cerro Estrella ore horizons are not distinctive veins, but 10- to >80-m-wide vuggy silica-pyrite pods surrounded by dickite-pyrophyllite-pyrite zones. Beneath the Au ore, rare chalcopyrite veinlets with traces of quartz-illite selvages cut dacite flows and possible dikes. Phase equilibria indicate that hydrothermal fluids were extremely acidic (pH <2) with temperatures of ˜260° to 300°C. Stable isotopes suggest fluid mixing between magmatic and meteoric components, with increasing meteoric input during waning stages, including the period of high-grade Au barite mineralization. Sulfur isotopes of near zero for pyrite (δ34S = –4 ‰) and 18 per mil for coexisting barite give equilibrium temperatures of 260° ± 10°C and are consistent with a magmatic sulfur source. Supergene oxidation in the upper 100 to 200 m of mineralized zones has redistributed copper into small chalcocite layers and liberated Au from pyrite-forming native Au + earthy brown hematite in an oxidized cap.
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Jánvári, Zsuzsanna. "Teaching descriptive statistics, developing statistical literacy – Results of a pilot study." In Komplexer Mathematikunterricht. Die Ideen von Tamás Varga in aktueller Sicht, 235–46. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871648.0.14.
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Descriptive statistics is being taught in secondary education for 15 years in Hungary. Despite the short time elapsed, as the results of the intermediate level Mathematics school-leaving exams present, statistics is a popular and successful topic. My supervisor examined this topic in detail in his doctoral dissertation (Csapodi 2017). My main interest and focus are on the conceptual knowledge of students, in the sense of how statistics knowledge becoming part of their knowledge network. What kind of competences do these students need and what kind of competences do statistics develop? Can they compare sets of data? Do they become critical regarding the results of the given task and find the results questionable? Are they simply able to argue? Do students dare to question the relevance of the calculated values in a task or accept statistical results as something conclusive? In this paper I refer to the pilot study, which was the first step of my research plan. 111 students 12th grade from my secondary school were involved in the study. My main purpose was to get an insight into the mentioned issues. This pilot research consists of a worksheet for students (5 exercises) and an attitude test for their teachers (experiences, attitude, own results, opinion about the students' worksheet). I’d like to share the results of the first summing up of this research. Classification: K10, K40 Keywords: Comprehensive works on stochastics, the teaching of stochastics, descriptive statistics, statistical data handling, graphical methods of data representation, data analysis
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Devine, Michelle F., and A. Sebastian Lopez Chiriboga. "Stiffness, Spasms, and Frequent Falls in a 41-Year-Old Man." In Mayo Clinic Cases in Neuroimmunology, edited by Andrew McKeon, B. Mark Keegan, and W. Oliver Tobin, 118–19. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197583425.003.0037.
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A 41-year-old man sought care for 3 years of right-sided muscle stiffness. He also had 5- to 10-minute episodes of severe muscle spasms. He noted development of daily episodes of sudden, severe stiffness, often triggered by unexpected stimuli (eg, a touch or loud sound). He started using a walker and stopped driving. He stopped working because of increasing difficulty with mobility and cognition. On neurologic examination, he had a Kokmen Short Test of Mental Status score of 28/38, with points lost for orientation, attention, calculation, and recall. Cranial nerve examination showed bilateral ptosis and hypometric saccadic eye movements. He had normal strength but diffuse rigidity with increased tone, most severe in the right lower extremity. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain indicated right parietal postoperative changes (post hematoma evacuation). Electroencephalography showed dysrhythmia grade 1 over the right frontotemporal region (above the prior hematoma). Cerebrospinal fluid was inflammatory, with mildly increased protein concentration and supernumerary oligoclonal bands. Movement laboratory evaluation demonstrated an exaggerated startle and abnormal exteroceptive response consistent with central nervous system hyperexcitability. Neural-specific autoantibody testing was positive for glycine receptor α1 subunit-immunoglobulin G in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. He was diagnosed with progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus with positive glycine receptor α1 subunit-immunoglobulin G. Given the immune-mediated cause of progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, he was started on intravenous methylprednisolone and concurrent rituximab. The patient markedly improved. His anxiety was still severe, however, and required increased escitalopram and cognitive behavioral therapy to control. He was tapered off intravenous methylprednisolone and maintained on rituximab. His symptoms eventually resolved. He remained stable at 2-year follow-up after initiating immunosuppression. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus is considered a variant of stiff-person syndrome. There is clinical overlap between progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus and classic stiff-person syndrome, which are both characterized by central nervous system hyperexcitability with exaggerated startle, muscle rigidity, and painful spasms.
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"Teach Up : Making Sense of Rigorous Mathematical Content." In Every Math Learner, Grades K–5: A Doable Approach to Teaching With Learning Differences in Mind, 51–76. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: Corwin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506390338.n3.
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"Start Up : Why Knowing and Addressing Students’ Learning Differences Is Critical." In Every Math Learner, Grades K–5: A Doable Approach to Teaching With Learning Differences in Mind, 1–20. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: Corwin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506390338.n1.
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"Step Up : How to Make Proactive Planning Decisions That Deepen Thinking." In Every Math Learner, Grades K–5: A Doable Approach to Teaching With Learning Differences in Mind, 77–122. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: Corwin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506390338.n4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Grade:min:5 and up"
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Bhange, Ashish, Abhishek Gulia, Anirudh Punnakal, Anil Kumar Anand, Anil Kumar Bansal, Ch Kartikeshwar Patro, and Naveen Kumawat. "Role of interstitial brachytherpy using template (mupit) in locally advanced carcinoma cervix." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685257.
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Introduction: Locally advanced carcinoma cervix includes stages IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IVA. Interstitial brachytherapy has the potential to deliver adequate dose to lateral parametrium and to vagina. Hence, it is preferable in cases with distorted anatomy, extensive (lower) vaginal wall involvement, bulky residual disease post EBRT and parametrium involvement upto lateral pelvic wall. Aim and Objective: To determine clinical outcome and complications (acute and chronic) in locally advanced carcinoma cervix, treated with interstitial brachytherapy using template (MUPIT - Martinez universal perineal interstitial template). Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 37 cases of locally advanced carcinoma cervix (stage IIB-2, IIIB-30, IVA-5), treated with EBRT (dose-median 45Gy/25#) ± concurrent chemotherapy (CCT) - Inj. Cisplatin/Inj Carboplatin, followed by interstitial brachytherapy using MUPIT from December 2009 to June 2015. Initial treatment with EBRT ± CCT was followed by intertstitial brachytherapy. Under spinal anaesthesia and epidural analgesia, MUPIT application was done. Straight and divergent needles (median 26, range 19-29) were inserted to cover parametrium adequately. Needle position was verified with planning CT scan and Brachytherapy planning was done. Dose was normalized to 5 mm box surface from outermost needle with optimization of dose to OAR (Bladder, Rectum and Sigmoid colon). Prescription dose –25Gy in 5#. Treatment was delivered by Microselectron HDR using Ir192 source. Treatment fractions were delivered twice daily with min 6 Hrs. gap in-between fractions. Results: The median duration of follow-up was 25 months. Local control was achieved in 28 patients with residual disease in 7 patients and local recurrence in 2 patients. 10 patients had acute lower GI toxicity {Grade1 (n=6), Grade 2 (n=4)}, 2 patients had acute Grade 1 bladder toxicity. 1 patient had grade 3 and 1 patient had grade 4 chronic bladder toxicity. Chronic rectal toxicity was seen in 10 patients {Grade 2 (n=4), Grade 3 (n=4), Grade 4 (n=2)}. Conclusion: Local control was achieved in 28/37 patients (75.6%) and overall survival rate of 81.1% at median follow up of 25 months in patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix and unfavorable prognostic factors.
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Yoshida, Hiro, Takashi Nakashima, Makoto Yoshida, Yasushi Hara, and Toru Shimamori. "Experiment on Foreign Object Damage of Gas Turbine-Grade Silicon Nitride Ceramic." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-399.
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A new high quality turbine system using monolithic silicon-nitride ceramic is under development. In this study particle impact tests of the silicon-nitride have been tried at room and elevated temperatures with and without tensile load, which simulates centrifugal force of blade rotation. In the experiment 1 mm diameter particle is impacted at velocities up to 900 m s−1. In this paper, critical velocities for bending fracture and Hertzian cracks are examined. Moreover, strength degradation at elevated temperature and spall fracture of the blade are discussed. The main results are: 1) The bending fracture mode critical impact velocity for soft particles is higher than that for hard particles. 2)The impact parameter ϕ for initiation of Hertzian cracks ranges 1.08×10−5 – 1.56×10−5 for the materials tested. 3)Strength degradation at elevated temperature was clearly observed. 4) In the impact tests on blades spall fracture, which was caused by interaction of stress waves, appeared.
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Svetlik, Harvey. "Engineering, Design, and Fabrication of Flanges and Reinforced Elbows for an Essential Service Water (ESW) Polyethylene Pipeline." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75031.
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30 years ago, steel pipe was the standard in the ASME code for raw water supply and raw water handling at Nuclear Power Plants. At some power plants, despite best efforts, that steel pipe has suffered intermittent leakage from external and severe MIC internal corrosion. Additionally, internal tuberculation and mineral build-up has severely constricted flow in other pipelines. Advanced, engineering pipe-grade polyethylene pipe has been extruded and used in some nuclear power plants as the effective method to eliminate corrosion and tuberculation of raw water system pipelines. Implementing the change to earth-quake tolerant polyethylene pipelines has resulted in decreased maintenance, increased system reliability, and improved plant longevity. The expectation is that the advanced polyethylene will provide continuous service up to 100 years from initial installation, with a very low statistical probability of any pressure rupture during its service life. Herein discussed is the engineering grade of polyethylene material, its design basis, the conversion of extruded heavy-wall pipe (Picture 1) into fabricated components, and the final production of fully pressure-rated, fabricated pipe fittings with wall thickness of up to 5-inches. Fabrication pictures 1 to 12 are included.
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Doser, Stefan, and Sang-Joon John Lee. "In-Plane Hydraulic Resistance Through Paper-Thin Porous Media." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83262.
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This work investigates the special case of in-plane fluid flow of a Newtonian incompressible fluid at low Reynolds numbers across a paper-thin porous medium in a confined conduit. Fluid transport in sheets with these characteristics are used in emerging devices such as microscale paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) and “e-paper” displays. Darcy’s law is applied and tested to determine if experimentally measured pressures at two flow rates of 5 μL/min and 10 μL/min agree with predicted values. A test device was designed using kinematic design principles to ensure a deterministic 318 μm gap that directs prescribed flow, unidirectionally across porous filter paper. The paper used was Grade 50 Whatman filter paper with an average pore size of 2.7 μm. Pressure was measured along the direction of flow over a 125 mm distance by six pressure ports placed at uniform increments of 25 mm to determine a profile of pressure along the flow path. Measurements were recorded at discrete time intervals over a period up to 48 hours with at least four replicates. Experimental measurements of the pressure profile show a linear relationship as predicted by Darcy’s law, allowing material permeability to be calculated. Among replicates measured under the same set of controllable conditions, experimental data also show a nonlinear relationship. The nonlinearity suggests evidence of transition into an inertia region, providing insight into the factors and behavior of the Darcy-Forchheimer transition for this special case of porous media flow.
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Dedushev, I. A., and M. A. Boldyrev. "Еstimation of economically useful characteristics and properties of spring barley varieties." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-110.
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the quality of spring barley varieties in various directions is evaluated by various methods. Analysis of 9 varieties in the waterlogged year 2020 in the conditions of the Moscow region allowed us to evaluate the best varieties for feed and brewing qualities. For the evaluation of feed barley, the main value is the increased content of protein and essential amino acids, including lysine. Maximum values of protein (13,06%) and lysine (0,44%) were diagnosed as grade Accounting. Brewing requires varieties with a low protein content of up to (12%) and high extractivity (80%). The Reliable variety had the best malt indicators of protein content (10.78%) and extractivity (82.5%).
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Le Delliou, Patrick, Dominique Moinereau, Elisabeth Keim, and Tomas Nicak. "STYLE Project: Assessment of Transferability of Fracture Material Properties From Specimens to Large Components by Local Approach to Fracture." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28101.
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Within the framework of the FP7 European project STYLE, a large scale experiment was performed at EDF R&D on a cladded ferritic pipe (Mock-Up 3). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the transferability of material properties from small specimens to large scale components. The large scale experiment involved applying 4-point bending under displacement control at room temperature to a clad ferritic steel pipe with an inner surface crack. The goal of the experiment was to initiate ductile crack growth and track the resulting stable crack growth until the surface flaw breaks through the wall. The pipe was representative of a surge line, consisting of a clad ferritic pipe with an outer diameter of 424 mm, and base metal wall thickness of 31 mm, with an austenitic stainless steel cladding layer 5 mm thick on the inner surface. The base metal is a low alloy 20 MnMoNi 5 5 steel (corresponding to the specifications of an SA 508 Grade 3, Class 1 steel). The pipe test was conducted in 2012 in the EDF R&D 4-point bending frame. Following the experiment, various specimens were taken from the mock-up to identify the material behavior and provide data to investigate the transferability of the material fracture properties. This paper recalls briefly the large scale experiment results and presents the main experimental results from the specimens. Then the results of the local approach finite element computations with the Rousselier model are presented and compared with the experimental results.
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Silva, Pedro Felipe Camelo Correa Alves Ferreira e., Gustavo Ferreira Martins, Eduardo Augusto Guedes de Souza, Renato Miguel Rezende, Karine Cin Assenço, Yuri José Almeida da Silva, João Cícero Lima Vale, et al. "Dejérine-Roussy syndrome associated with unilateral thalamic glioma." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.594.
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Context: Déjérine-Roussy Syndrome is a rare entity that occurs after an ischemia located in the ventral posterolateral nucleus, and it is characterized by hemiplegia, superficial hemianesthesia, mild hemiataxia and astereognosis, pain on the paretic side and choreoathetosis movements. This unusual condition can be caused by haemorrhage or neoplasm. Thalamic tumors make up less than 5% of all intracranial tumors. The rare clinical presentation of a thalamic tumor is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for neurology and neurosurgery practice and generally requires treatment without biopsy. Case report: A 54-years-old man presented complaining of burning and tingling paraesthesias, decreased sensitivity in left dimidium, associated with decreased visual acuity in the left eye. Physical examination showed complete left hemiparesis provided grade 4-, normoreflexia with athetoid movements of the left arm and hand, painful, thermal hemihipoesthesia and epicritic touch, allodyne in the left hemibody, pressure sensitivity present globally, visual campimetry by confrontation with heteronymous hemianopia without changes in the cranial nerves. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Skull Base showed an oval mass, with hyposignal in T1 and hypersignal in T2 and FLAIR, with peripheral contrast uptake in the thalamus and nuclei from the right base. The patient showed good clinical-surgical evolution after surgery with Glasgow Outcome Scale 4 and modified Rankin scale 2. Anatomical Pathology confirmed low-grade glioma. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and immediate therapy can delay a fatal outcome or decrease treatment-related morbidity.
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Silva, Maria Gabriela Ferreira, Isabella Cristina Santos Soares, Flávia Pinto Cardozo, Flávia Maria Souza Clímaco, and Aguinaldo Ferreira Leite Filho. "COMPLETE PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: ANALYSIS OF 83 PATIENTS TREATED AT A FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1057.
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Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is performed before surgical treatment and aims to make a locally advanced tumor operable, provide conservative treatment, demonstrate tumor sensitivity in vivo and evaluate the pathological response (PR) to treatment. PR is an important prognostic factor, and several studies have demonstrated a correlation between the biological factors of the tumor and its response rate. Patients with a pathologic complete response (PCR) present a longer survival rate compared to those with residual disease. Objectives: The main objective was to assess PCR in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. As secondary objectives, we identified clinical-pathological variables related to PCR and correlated the pathologic response in the breast with the axillary response after chemotherapy. Methods: Four hundred and forty-four medical records of patients seen in the Mastology sector were reviewed between January 2016 and July 2019. Eighty-three patients were selected, with 361 cases that did not meet the inclusion criteria being excluded. The exclusion criteria were benign disease, neoadjuvant hormone therapy, neoadjuvant radiation therapy, trastuzumab associated with chemotherapy, upfront surgery and patients who did not receive surgical treatment after chemotherapy. The variables analyzed were age, tumor size, axillary involvement, histological type and grade, molecular subtype and PCR. Results: Most patients were over 50 years of age (62%) and had tumors larger than 5 cm (75%). Fifty of them (60%) had initial axillary involvement. Among the 83 patients, 64 (77%) did not obtain a pathologic response in the breast and armpit. Two (3%) showed a response only in the breast. PCR was observed in 17 patients (20%) and almost half of them were under 50 years of age (47%). Moderately differentiated (grade 2) and undifferentiated (grade 3) tumors, accounted for 96% of cases and had a higher rate ofPCR than grade 1 tumors. In HER2 positive subtypes, PCR occurred in 36% and in negative triples in 22%, being higher than in luminous A and B subtypes (15% and 17%, respectively). Conclusions: The histological grade and molecular subtypes correlate with the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. More undifferentiated tumors and the triple negative and HER 2 positive molecular subtypes have a higher PCR rate. Despite the small sample, the results of this study were similar to those in the medical literature. A higher number of cases is necessary to corroborate the data obtained, as well as a longer follow-up time to demonstrate the relationship between PCR and survival.
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Klocke, F., B. Doebbeler, M. Seimann, and M. Binder. "Towards High Productive Roughing of Profiled Grooves in Nickel Based Alloys." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56475.
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Facing a high demand for aircraft engines over the next decades in combination with new challenging materials, aircraft engine manufacturers are striving for new manufacturing processes. The manufacturing of profiled grooves for the mounting of the turbine blades on the disc is a bottle neck process today due to the exclusive use of High Speed Steel (HSS) tools in broaching. Because of the limited hot hardness of HSS, the applied cutting speeds are low compared to other conventional machining processes, i.e. 2–5 m/min. Furthermore, the broaching process has some more drawbacks regarding flexibility, capital commitment for machinery and tools as well as costs. Nevertheless, broaching offers outstanding properties regarding surface finish, manufacturing accuracy and is still a productive process due to the many cutting edges applied. There are some alternative process chains which are not yet in industrial use, which are able to substitute and/or complement the HSS-broaching process. In this paper, results are presented on two different roughing strategies for the manufacturing of profiled grooves in Nickel Based Alloys Allvac718plus and Inconel718. On the one hand, rough broaching with cemented carbide tools using indexable inserts was investigated at different cutting speeds, which are up to five times higher than the applied cutting speeds in industrial applications with HSS-tools. Two different carbide grades were investigated varying the cobalt content and the grain size. Cemented carbide is not state of the art in broaching Nickel Based Alloys due to its low fracture toughness. Different cutting edge inclination angles were applied and their effect on cutting forces, wear and tool chipping tendency were analyzed. On the other hand, rough side milling with ceramic cutting tools was investigated. Ceramic cutting tools excel in high hot hardness and thus can be used at very high cutting speeds i.e. up to 1000 m/min in Nickel Based Alloys. However, being very brittle and sensitive to alternating loads and thermal shock, machining processes with ceramic tools require extensive process design. In side milling experiments, Whisker reinforced as well as SiAlON and Oxide ceramic were investigated. In a first step, a window for machining parameters was identified. Then, tool life tests were conducted varying the feed at a fixed cutting speed of 1000 m/min. Subsequent to the experiments, the rim zone of the roughed grooves was investigated depending on the wear state of the used tools. The condition of the rim zone is a major criterion for the assessment of the adequacy of the roughing processes, because it can affect the subsequent finishing process. In further work, the interdependencies between the investigated roughing processes and finishing will be addressed.
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Nunes, Mirella Laranjeira, João Esberard de Vasconcelos Beltrão Neto, Rossano Robério Fernandes Araújo, Ana Leide Guerra dos Santos, and Guilherme Simão dos Santos Figueira. "A CASE REPORT OF BREAST CANCER TREATMENT IN TRANSGENDER MEN WITH BILATERAL SUBCUTANEOUS MASTECTOMY." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1090.
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Introduction: The risk of breast cancer in transgender men is similar to that of cisgender women. The average age at diagnosis is 44 years, suggesting an early incidence with greater tumor aggressiveness. It commonly presents as a palpable mass, years after masculinizing mastectomy, and has a histological subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma and luminal molecular subtype. Although there are no screening and treatment protocols for these cases, similar follow-up to CIS is recommended, including mastectomy, hormone therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Case report: Patient, 42 years old, woman, transgender, nulliparous, no use of hormones, presented to an appointment asking for aesthetic mastectomy. She reported a family history of aunt and two cousins with breast cancer and a 32 year-old sister with atypical ductal hyperplasia. She identified a mass in the superolateral quadrant of the left breast through self-examination of the breasts. The mammography showed dense breasts, BIRADS 0. Breast ultrasound resulted in a solid, hypoechoic nodule, irregularly contoured, microlobulated, measuring 1.1x0.6 cm, between 2h and 3h, and about 3 cm from the areola of the left breast and BIRADS 5. Resonance imaging showed this hypointense nodule with lobulated contours measuring 1.3 x 0.6 cm, 3.3 cm from the nipple and 1.7 cm from the pectoral muscles. USG-guided thick needle biopsy diagnosed IDC (Invasive ductal carcinoma), histological grade 2, nuclear grade 3, with moderate stromal fibrosis, severe stromal elastosis, mild lymphocytic inflammatory infiltratation and vascular invasion present. It was 100% positive estrogen receptor and 50% positive progesterone receptor, with 12% Ki67 and negative HER-2, luminal molecular subtype A at immunohistochemistry. A bilateral skin and papillary areolar complex saving mastectomy was performed with sentinel node biopsy on the left. Anatomopathological examination showed absence of metastatic neoplasia in the lymph nodes and left breast with IDC in the retroareolar region, with the same characteristics as the previous biopsy. Pathological staging was T1N0M0 and anatomical staging and pathological prognosis was Ia. Oncotype DX Recurrence Score test was equal to 26. The patient was subjected to six cycles of Taxotere plus Cyclophosphamide and is using Tamoxifen and hormone with Androgel. We report a case of subcutaneous mastectomy used in an innovative way with preservation of the areola-papillary complex (APC), with an aesthetic contour of the chest wall and adjustment of the APC, allowing greater satisfaction in the experience of the genus. The same breast pathology that occurs in women should be expected in transgender women. So, we must consider that the focus on the aesthetic result may result in less precaution with the thickness of the remaining dermogreasy flap, with residual breast glandular tissue, and a higher risk of breast cancer.
Reports on the topic "Grade:min:5 and up"
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Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat, and Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.
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To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G-proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down-regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. The yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate relatively high levels of super oxide anion (O2−) following its interaction with wounded fruit surface. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Effect of ROS on yeast cells was also studied. Pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H₂O₂), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semi quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were up regulated. Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist Candida oleophila with glycine betaine (GB) increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds. ROS production is greater when yeast antagonists used as biocontrol agents are applied in the wounds. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells recovered from the oxidative stress environment of apple wounds exhibited less accumulation of ROS and lower levels of oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, and faster growth in wounds of apple fruits compared to untreated yeast. The expression of major antioxidant genes, including peroxisomal catalase, peroxiredoxin TSA1, and glutathione peroxidase was elevated in the yeast by GB treatment. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 1C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 1C, 20–30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol-¹) hydrogen peroxide, 20–60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-treated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P≥0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (Po0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 1C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was up regulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased.
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Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, and D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.
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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
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Bittmann, Felix. Academic track mismatch and the temporal development of well-being and competences in German secondary education. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res5.1.
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Formal education is one of the most influential predictors of professional success. As parents in Germany are aware of the importance of education, they often try to enable their children to enrol in the prestigious academic schooling track (Gymnasium). This explains why the transition recommendation made by the teacher after the fourth grade is sometimes ignored if the desired track was not recommended for a particular student. How the mismatch between the teacher’s recommendation and the parents’ choice of schooling for their child affects the child’s development is not sufficiently known. It is very likely that such a mismatch can have consequences for the child’s well-being, competences and overall academic success. Based on five consecutive panel waves of German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) data (waves 1 to 5, collected between 2010 and 2016) (n = 2;790 in wave 1), our analyses demonstrate that social background and the probability of ignoring a teacher’s recommendation are associated, and that highly educated parents are more likely to overrule the teacher’s recommendation. Panel regression models show that pupils who pursued the academic track (Gymnasium) despite the absence of a teacher’s recommendation were more likely to drop out of the academic schooling track, and were not able to catch up with their peers with respect to both objective and subjective academic competences over the entire observation window. However, the models also show that academic track mismatch did not seem to negatively influence the health and well-being of these pupils.