Journal articles: 'GPS receivers'

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Kwon, Keum-Cheol, Yoon-Jae Jang, Cheol-Kwan Yang, and Duk-Sun Shim. "Impacts of GPS Pseudolite Signals on GPS Software Receivers." Journal of Korea Navigation Institute 16, no. 4 (August 31, 2012): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12673/jkoni.2012.16.4.627.

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Nnamani, O. J., and V. A. Ijaware. "Comparative Study of Positional Accuracies Using Three GPS Receivers." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 3 (April 23, 2020): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i3.7.

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The emergence of the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver over the years has afforded the avenue to acquire data from various geospatial locations. This paper analyses and compares the accuracy of point positions collected using three Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers— South H66/H88, Sokkia radian IS, and ProMark 3. A field study was conducted on 5 control points within the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) Campus. The One-way ANOVA test performed for the coordinates obtained from the three GPS receivers at an alpha level of 0.05 using SPSS version 16 reveals no statistically significant difference between the coordinates. Analysis of the result shows that South GPS, Sokkia GPS, and ProMark GPS receivers had horizontal misclosure values of 0.1337, 0.1625 and 0.2425 respectively, making South GPS best in obtaining accurate information onhorizontal positions. For the vertical position, misclosure values of 0.0902, 0.2336, and 0.2771 respectively were obtained for the Three GPS receivers, thereby revealing that Sokkia GPS performed optimally in obtaining heights above the ellipsoid. However, as a combination of horizontal and vertical positions (3-Dimension), Sokkia GPS performed best while ProMark GPS performed averagely and South GPS performed least. This study shows that any of the three GPS receivers can provide reasonable accurate geographic data. However, a definite conclusion remains that the selection of an optimal GPS receiver in this study for any project will largely depend upon the user’s needs and project requirements as the significant variation observed in the height coordinates should be further investigated. Keywords: GPS Receivers, Accuracy, Position Determination, GPS Coordinates

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Glomsvoll, Oeystein, and Lukasz K. Bonenberg. "GNSS Jamming Resilience for Close to Shore Navigation in the Northern Sea." Journal of Navigation 70, no. 1 (July 14, 2016): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463316000473.

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Navigational error accounts for half of the accidents and serious incidents in close to shore maritime transport in Norway predominantly due to the rapidly changing weather conditions and the dangerous nature of the narrow inshore waters found along the Norwegian coast. This creates a dependence on Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) use and any disruption to this service can lead to an increased accident rate. The aim of this paper is to research the jamming vulnerability of existing maritime receivers and to understand if an upgrade to a multi-constellation or multi-frequency receiver would improve system resilience. The novelty of this work is a comparison of jamming resilience between different combinations of multiple constellations (GPS and Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS)) and multi-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. This paper presents results from GNSS jamming trials conducted in the northern part of Norway, confirming previous research and indicating that typical maritime GPS receivers are easy to jam and may produce erroneous positional information. Results demonstrate that the single frequency multi-constellation receivers offer better jamming resilience than multi-frequency (L1 + L2) GPS receivers. Further, the GLONASS constellation demonstrated a better resilience than GPS. Results demonstrate a known correlation between GPS L1 and L2 frequencies, as well as a probable over-dependence on GPS for signal acquisition, meaning that no signal can be received without GPS L1 present. With these limitations in mind, the authors suggest that the most economic update to the single frequency GPS receivers, currently used for maritime applications, should be multi-constellation GPS + GLONASS receivers. This solution is cheaper and it also offer better jamming resistance for close to shore navigation than dual frequency receivers.

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Tuček, J., and J. Ligoš. "Forest canopy influence on the precision of location with GPS receivers." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 9 (May 22, 2019): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11900-jfs.

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This article presents the results of a test of three GPS receivers of GIS category (Topcon Turbo G1, Topcon, Magellan ProMark X-CM, Magellan, March II-E, Corvalis Microtechnology) in location under the entire cover of forest canopy. A network of 111 experimental points was established in the territory of Training Forest Enterprise (TFE) of the Technical University Zvolen, Forest District Kováčová, in variable forest and terrain conditions. Location of the points was measured by an exact terrestrial geodetic method and consequently by all receivers. To evaluate the location precision of each receiver we used the method of calculation of individual differences in co-ordinate values for each measurement, and calculation of average differences and their standard devia- tions for groups of measurements. The values of average co-ordinate errors and testing of the presence of systematic error were also calculated. To evaluate the influence of receiver type, stand age, tree species composition and terrain configuration multi-factor analysis of variance was used. General location error was 7.16 m for Topcon, 5.89 m for Magellan and 5.60 m for March. Difference between Topcon and the other two receivers is statistically significant. The influence of forest stand age is also statistically significant. The results of the test of tree species composition and terrain configuration influence are not unambiguous.

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Simwanda, Matamyo, Michael G. Wing, and John Sessions. "Evaluating Global Positioning System Accuracy for Forest Biomass Transportation Tracking within Varying Forest Canopy." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/26.4.165.

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Abstract We examined the accuracy and reliability of consumer-grade global positioning system (GPS) receivers for tracking vehicles transporting forest biomass within several forested road systems. The road systems featured a range of forest canopy types on mountainous terrain. GPS receiver measurements were clearly influenced by forest canopy and varied among the receivers. Under mature forest canopy, the best average measurement accuracy was 5.9 m for one set of GPS receivers. The least favorable average accuracy in mature forest was 14.3 m for a different set of GPS receivers. Measurement accuracies generally increased on roads that featured less forest canopy, with considerable increases in accuracy in some cases. The consumer-grade GPS receivers we tested provided measurement accuracies that support forest biomass transportation applications, including transportation monitoring and planning, mapping forest road networks, and cataloging forest resource locations.

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de Souza, Elton, and Humberto Abdalla. "USINGADAPTIVE FILTERS FOR GPS RECEIVERS." International Conference on Electrical Engineering 9, no. 9th (May 1, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iceeng.2014.30371.

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SEKINE, Chogo. "GPS receivers for air navigation." Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 35, no. 396 (1987): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.35.51.

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R. K. Taylor, M. D. Schrock, J. Bloomfield, G. Bora, G. Brockmeier, W. Burton, B. Carlson, et al. "DYNAMIC TESTING OF GPS RECEIVERS." Transactions of the ASAE 47, no. 4 (2004): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16572.

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Fridman, Alexander, and Serguei Semenov. "Architectures of Software GPS Receivers." GPS Solutions 3, no. 4 (April 2000): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00012816.

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Miller, Steven, Xue Zhang, and Andreas Spanias. "Multipath Effects in GPS Receivers." Synthesis Lectures on Communications 8, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00682ed1v01y201511com011.

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Abdulai, Gabriel A., Michael P. Sama, and Joshua J. Jackson. "Evaluating Two Low-Cost GPS Receivers for Accuracy and Eventual Use in Pastured Cattle Research." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 3 (2022): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.14518.

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HighlightsA stand-alone GPS receiver produced comparably lower location errors than a smartphone GPS.Low-cost GPS receivers are suitable for use in research on large-herd cattle behavioral response to UAVs.Different testing placements can influence the horizontal accuracy of low-cost GPS receivers and smartphones.Abstract. Using animal-borne global positioning system (GPS) collars, cattle behavioral response to anthropogenic disturbances can be accurately quantified at fine scale. However, the use of dedicated commercial GPS collars in large herd studies is cost-prohibitive. Therefore, low-cost GPS receiver alternatives were evaluated in static placements to determine how their accuracy compares to published data for commercial animal-borne GPS collars. The static accuracies of identical low-cost stand-alone GPS receivers and smartphones were evaluated in an open field without obstructions, under trees with and without canopy, and near an electric fence at 5 min and 1 s sample intervals. The mean circular error probable (CEP) value of the stand-alone GPS receiver was =2 m at 5 min and at 1 s in open field placement. The mean CEP value of the stand-alone GPS receiver was =3 m at 5 min and at 1 s when placed near the electric fence. The smartphone produced mean CEP values of =4 m at 5 min and =3 m at 1 s for the fence line and open field placements. Static testing under trees with canopy at the 5 min sample interval produced mean CEP values 100% greater than under trees without canopy at the 1 s sample interval. Low-cost commercial GPS receivers and smartphones with horizontal accuracy of =5 m at high sample resolution may offer accurate means of quantifying the behavioral response of cattle to UAVs in large herd studies. Keywords: Cattle behavior, Global positioning system, Horizontal accuracy, Smartphone GPS, Stand-alone GPS receiver, UAV, Unmanned aerial vehicle.

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Zhang, Yufeng, and Yang Gao. "Integration of INS and Un-Differenced GPS Measurements for Precise Position and Attitude Determination." Journal of Navigation 61, no. 1 (December 10, 2007): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463307004432.

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The integration of GPS and INS observations has been extensively investigated in recent years. Current systems are commonly based on the integration of INS data and the double differenced GPS measurements from two GPS receivers in which one is used as a reference receiver set up at a precisely surveyed control point and another is as the rover receiver whose position is to be determined. The requirement of a base receiver is to eliminate the significant GPS measurement errors related to GPS satellites, signal transmission and GPS receivers by double differencing measurements from the two receivers. With the advent of precise satellite orbit and clock products, the un-differenced GPS measurements from a single GPS receiver can be applied to output accurate position solutions at centimetre level using a positioning technology known as precise point positioning (PPP). This then opens an opportunity for the integration of un-differenced GPS measurements with INS for precise position and attitude determination. In this paper, a tightly coupled un-differenced GPS/INS system will be developed and described. The mathematical models for both INS and un-differenced GPS measurements will be introduced. The methods for mitigating GPS measurement errors will also be presented. A field test has been conducted and the results indicate that the integration of un-differenced GPS and INS observations can provide position and velocity solutions comparable with current double difference GPS/INS integration systems.

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Alkan, R. M., and M. H. Saka. "A Performance Analysis of Low-Cost GPS Receivers in Kinematic Applications." Journal of Navigation 62, no. 4 (October 2009): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463309990087.

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Low-cost OEM GPS receivers with the capability of tracking the carrier phase are now used for many applications in the navigation and tracking arena. These receivers provide flexibility in applying carrier smoothing algorithms to improve the pseudorange positioning accuracy and even perform carrier-phase differential positioning. In this study, the performance of a low-cost single-frequency OEM GPS receiver for high-accuracy kinematic positioning in marine applications is investigated. As a first step, a set of zero baseline tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the GPS receivers. In the second stage, a kinematic test was conducted at the Halic (Golden Horn), Istanbul. The results show that kinematic positioning with centimetre level accuracy can be achieved by the low-cost OEM GPS receiver in differential mode, suggesting its use in a variety of kinematic applications. The use of such a system could considerably reduce the cost of the GPS receiver and the total project costs of many applications.

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Elghamrawy, Haidy Y. F., Mohamed Tamazin, and Aboelmagd Noureldin. "Investigating the Benefits of Vector-Based GNSS Receivers for Autonomous Vehicles under Challenging Navigation Environments." Signals 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals1020007.

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There is a growing demand for robust and accurate positioning information for various applications, including the self-driving car industry. Such applications rely mainly on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), including the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, GPS positioning accuracy relies on several factors, such as satellite geometry, receiver architecture, and navigation environment, to name a few. In urban canyons in which there is a significant probability of signal blockage of one or more satellites and/or interference, the positioning accuracy of scalar-based GPS receivers drastically deteriorates. On the other hand, vector-based GPS receivers exhibit some immunity to momentary outages and interference. Therefore, it is becoming necessary to consider vector-based GPS receivers for several applications, especially safety-critical applications, including next-generation navigation technologies for autonomous vehicles. This paper investigates a vector-based receiver’s performance and compares it to its scalar counterpart in signal degraded conditions. The realistic simulation experiments in this paper are conducted on GPS L1 C/A signals generated using the SpirentTM simulation system to create a fully controlled environment to examine and validate the performance. The results show that the vector tracking system outperforms the scalar tracking in terms of position and velocity estimation accuracy in signal-degraded environments.

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Ma, G., and T. Maruyama. "Derivation of TEC and estimation of instrumental biases from GEONET in Japan." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 10 (October 31, 2003): 2083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-2083-2003.

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Abstract. This paper presents a method to derive the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and to estimate the biases of GPS satellites and dual frequency receivers using the GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET) in Japan. Based on the consideration that the TEC is uniform in a small area, the method divides the ionosphere over Japan into 32 meshes. The size of each mesh is 2° by 2° in latitude and longitude, respectively. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given mesh and the biases do not vary within a day, the method arranges unknown TECs and biases with dual GPS data from about 209 receivers in a day unit into a set of equations. Then the TECs and the biases of satellites and receivers were determined by using the least-squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to geomagnetically quiet days in various seasons, and then comparing the GPS-derived TEC with ionospheric critical frequencies (foF2). It is found that the biases of GPS satellites and most receivers are very stable. The diurnal and seasonal variation in TEC and foF2 shows a high degree of conformity. The method using a highly dense receiver network like GEONET is not always applicable in other areas. Thus, the paper also proposes a simpler and faster method to estimate a single receiver’s bias by using the satellite biases determined from GEONET. The accuracy of the simple method is examined by comparing the receiver biases determined by the two methods. Larger deviation from GEONET derived bias tends to be found in the receivers at lower (<30° N) latitudes due to the effects of equatorial anomaly.Key words. Ionosphere (mid-latitude ionosphere; instruments and techniques) – Radio science (radio-wave propagation)

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Pothikunkupatarak, Natchapan, Thayathip Thongtan, and Chalermchon Satirapod. "Estimations of GNSS receiver internal delay using precise point positioning algorithm." Journal of Applied Geodesy 13, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0020.

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Abstract Random and systematic errors affect navigation satellite observations on both pseudo-range and carrier phase. These errors are originated at satellites, propagation path and receivers. This study focuses on the GNSS receiver internal delay determination resulting from the receiver’s electronics circuit. The characterisation of the delay in the GNSS geodetic receivers is essential to enhance the accuracy for the time transfer and time comparisons as part of GNSS integrity chain determinations. The purpose of GNSS receiver internal delay at the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT, is to estimate the characteristics and performances of the GNSS geodetic receiver used for international time comparisons. The experiments are simultaneously observed GNSS satellites by a GPS and a GNSS receivers and two separate antennas with short baseline (around 6 metres), where both receivers are connected to the identical external caesium frequency standard maintained as time and frequency standard of Thailand. The GPS receiver is well-defined for its receiver internal delay on the pseudo-range observation of C1, through comparisons using an internationally recognised method, while the geodetic GNSS receiver is to be defined on its receiver internal delay. These experiment observations started from 26 December 2017 to 17 January 2018 at NIMT, Pathumthani, Thailand. The determined unknowns are receiver position, receiver clock offset, tropospheric delay through the geodetic technique of static Precise Point Positioning observations with Bernese GNSS software version 5.2. Later the receiver internal delay of NIMT is computed and analysed. The receiver internal delay on GPS C1 code is successfully characterised, resulted as 346.0 nanoseconds as of this experiment.

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Wolff, A. M., D. M. Akos, and S. Lo. "Potential radio frequency interference with the GPS L5 band for radio occultation measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 5 (May 7, 2014): 4529–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-4529-2014.

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Abstract. New Radio Occultation (RO) receivers are planned to utilize the newly implemented Global Positioning System (GPS) L5 signal centered at 1176.45 MHz. Since there are currently no operational GPS L5 receivers used for space-based RO applications, the interference environment is unclear. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) and Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) stations share the same frequency band as the GPS L5 signal. DME/TACAN signals have been identified to be a means of interference for any GPS L5 receiver. This study focuses on implementing a Systems Tools Kit (STK) simulation to gain insight into the power received by a RO satellite in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) from a DME/TACAN transmission. In order to confirm the validity of utilizing STK for communication purposes, a theoretical scenario was recreated as a simulation and the results were confirmed. Once the method was validated, STK was used to output a received power level aboard a RO satellite from a DME/TACAN station as well as a tool to predict the number of interfering DME/TACAN stations at any point in time. Taking a conservative approach, the signal power received was much greater than the typical power level received by a RO satellite from a GPS satellite transmission. This relatively high received power along with a high number of interfering DME/TACAN stations as an RO satellite passes over North America or Western Europe indicate that DME/TACAN interference may conflict with RO receivers.

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Abba, Ibrahim, Wan Azlan Wan Zainal Abidin, Thelaha Masri, Kismet Hong Ping, Mohd Saufee Muhammad, and Bong Voon Pai. "Data Acquisition System Hardware for GPS Propagation Sentences in Less Developed Countries: A Review." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 16 (June 2015): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.16.145.

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GPS receivers play an important role for calculating and determining the precise point positioning and deal with the navigational messages. Also, one of the main uses of high-end GPS receivers is for scientific research and space science analysis. The handheld GPS receivers were utilized for experimental purposes contrary to the traditional application for recreation and geo-catching activities. The classification of different commercial GPS receivers gave an inside idea for application and utilization of these receivers in the field of laboratory research. Garmin GPS handheld receivers performed an excellent example in conducting experimental work for GPS propagation data analysis.

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Czopik, Grzegorz, and Tomasz Kraszewski. "Low cost GNSS receivers in time synchronization systems." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 67, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8035.

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The GNSS (GNSS — Global Navigation Satellite Systems) receivers can be utilized to obtain accurate time markers. The preliminary results of the cheap GNSS receivers’ tests are presented in the paper. The one receiver’s price (including antenna) does not exceed 30 $. The studies on the use of receivers in the time synchronization systems were executed. Three identical models of receiver modules were used. The 1PPS (1PPS — 1 Pulse Per Second) signals available on the receiver’s output were used. The 1PPS’s main time characteristics were described. Delay times between different receivers 1PPS signals were measured. Measurements were taken using 1 GHz oscilloscope and precise time/frequency counter T3200U. Keywords: time synchronization, 1PPS, GNSS, GPS time

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Bolstad, Paul, Andy Jenks, Jon Berkin, Kevin Horne, and William H. Reading. "A Comparison of Autonomous, WAAS, Real-Time, and Post-Processed Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Accuracies in Northern Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.1.5.

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Abstract We report on accuracy comparisons among a range of global positioning system (GPS) receivers and configurations when collecting data in the open and below northern forest canopies. We compared recreational receivers in Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) mode, and expensive receivers optimized for spatial data collection (GIS receivers) in autonomous, WAAS, real-time differential, and post-processed differential modes. Data were collected over accurately surveyed open and subcanopy locations. Individual position fixes were logged for varying time periods, and corrected using appropriate methods. Euclidian distance errors were calculated, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's tests, and linear regression were used to identify significant factors and differences. There were significant differences in the mean positional error due to receiver type under forest canopies, but no statistically significant differences under open locations. There was no difference between differentially corrected and uncorrected data when using the GIS receivers. Recreational receiver accuracies were much less consistent than GIS receivers, with higher frequencies of large errors. Subcanopy tests indicate WAAS signals were available between 8 (moving) and 23 (stationary) % of the time for the recreational receivers, and between 22 (moving) and 33 (stationary) % of the time when using GIS receivers. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):5–11.

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Wing, Michael G., Aaron Eklund, Sessions John, and Karsky Richard. "Horizontal Measurement Performance of Five Mapping-Grade Global Positioning System Receiver Configurations in Several Forested Settings." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/23.3.166.

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Abstract We examined the horizontal measurement performance of five mapping-grade GPS receiver configurations operating simultaneously at three measurement test sites established in open sky, young forest, and closed canopy conditions. Two of the GPS receivers had external antennas, and two receivers were configured to collect data with real-time differential corrections through the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). The GPS receivers collected data using 1-, 30-, and 60-point recording intervals to test the influence of the number of point recordings on position determination. We also postprocessed all data to examine the influence of differential corrections. We found statistically significant differences in measurement accuracy between GPS receiver configurations that had an external antenna and receivers that did not. The top performer for unprocessed data collected measurements with real-time differential corrections and had average measurement errors of 0.4, 0.8, and 2.2 m, in open sky, young forest, and closed canopy conditions, respectively. The top performer for postprocessed data had average measurement errors of 0.2, 0.1, and 1.2 m, in open sky, young forest, and closed canopy conditions, respectively. The influence of number of points on measurement accuracy was observed between the 1- and 30-point intervals, with no statistically significant differences between the 30- and 60-point intervals. No statistically significant difference resulted in WAAS measurements that were postprocessed. The measurement accuracies we report are acceptable for many natural resource measurement applications. These findings encourage the use of external antennas when using GPS receivers under forest canopy. In addition, point recording intervals of 30 appear to be efficient for accurate measurements with mapping-grade GPS receivers.

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Khomsin, Ira Mutiara Anjasmara, Danar Guruh Pratomo, and Wahyu Ristanto. "Accuracy Analysis of GNSS (GPS, GLONASS and BEIDOU) Obsevation For Positioning." E3S Web of Conferences 94 (2019): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199401019.

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Global Navigation Satellite System called GNSS is a term used for the entire global navigation that already operate or are in the planning for the future. Some of the satellite that can be used are GPS (Global Positioning System) operated by USA, GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) operated by Rusia and BeiDou/Compass operated by China. Many errors and biases that occur when measuring with GNSS in the field. Theoritically, there are some errors and biases that can be eliminated or subtracted by strength of satellite geometric. One factor to get a good satellite geometric is to increase the number of satellites received by receiver. In general, the more number of satellites received, the better the geometric satellites received by receivers. The development of receiver technology is currently able to capture GPS, GLONASS and BeiDou signals at one time. Thus the receiver can receive many satellites and finally the shape of geometric satellite becomes better. HiTarget V30 is one of the latest GNSS technology on the market today. This receiver is capable of receiving GPS signals, GLONASS and BeiDou at one time of observation. This research will compare the accuracy of positioning using GPS, GLONASS and BeiDou satellite.

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Strangeways, Hal J. "Determining scintillation effects on GPS receivers." Radio Science 44, no. 1 (February 2009): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008rs004076.

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Krishna, S. Murali, B. R. Madhukar, and Ashok Kamath. "Digital Signal Processors in GPS Receivers." GPS Solutions 4, no. 1 (July 2000): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00012830.

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SVENDSEN, ANDREW S. C., and INDER J. GUPTA. "Adaptive Antenna for Handheld GPS Receivers." Navigation 58, no. 3 (September 2011): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-4296.2011.tb02582.x.

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Hernández-Pajares, Manuel, Germán Olivares-Pulido, M. Mainul Hoque, Fabricio S. Prol, Liangliang Yuan, Riccardo Notarpietro, and Victoria Graffigna. "Topside Ionospheric Tomography Exclusively Based on LEO POD GPS Carrier Phases: Application to Autonomous LEO DCB Estimation." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020390.

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This paper presents a novel technique to estimate DCBs from GPS transmitters and receivers on-board Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The technique consists of obtaining the DCBs as residuals from the difference between the ionospheric combination of the code and the associated ionospheric delay. The ionospheric delay is computed with TOMION, a background-model-free ionospheric tomographic technique based on dual-frequency GPS carrier phase data only, and solved with a Kalman filter. Thus, DCBs are also estimated epoch-wise from the LEO Precise Orbit Determination (POD) GPS receiver as a secondary product. The results for GPS satellite DCBs, obtained exclusively from the three MetOp LEO POD GPS receivers over four consecutive weeks, are in full agreement (i.e., at the level of a few tenths of ns) with those reported independently with other techniques from hundreds of ground-based receivers exclusively, by JPL and CODE analysis centers.

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Forero, David, Segundo Esteban, and Óscar Rodríguez-Polo. "Framework to Emulate Spacecraft Orbital Positioning Using GNSS Hardware in the Loop." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020885.

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The paper presents a framework to emulate spacecraft orbits using GNSS hardware in the loop that enables the evaluation of new orbital positioning algorithms. The framework software generates the spacecraft orbit and the GNSS signals, including the most common perturbations. These signals are modulated and transmitted by a software-defined radio and received by a commercial GPS receiver. The system is validated using a test orbit, where the GPS receiver accurately determines the spacecraft positions. Moreover, using raw data provided by the receiver, the spacecraft positions have also been determined by software for a low earth orbit, in which civil GPS receivers do not work.

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Hide, Chris, Terry Moore, Chris Hill, and David Park. "Low Cost, High Accuracy Positioning In Urban Environments." Journal of Navigation 59, no. 3 (August 23, 2006): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463306003936.

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It is well known that GPS measurements are regularly obstructed in urban environments. Positioning accuracy in such environments is significantly degraded and in many areas, it is not possible to obtain a GPS position fix at all. There are currently two methods that can be used to improve availability in the urban environment. Firstly, GPS receivers can be augmented with dead reckoning sensors such as an INS. Alternatively, High Sensitivity GPS (HSGPS) receivers can be used which are able to acquire and track very weak signals. This paper assesses the performance obtained from a GPS and low cost INS integrated system and a HSGPS receiver in an urban environment in Nottingham, UK. The navigation systems are compared to a high accuracy integrated GPS/INS system which is used to provide a reference trajectory. It is demonstrated that the differential GPS and low cost INS system can provide horizontal positioning accuracy of better than 2·5 m RMS in real-time, and better than 1 m RMS in post-processing, whereas the non-differential HSGPS receiver provides a real-time performance of 5 m RMS. These results were obtained in an environment where, with conventional GPS receivers, a position solution is only available 48·4% of the time. Operational considerations such as initial alignment of the GPS and low cost INS are also discussed when comparing the two systems for urban positioning applications.

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Farah, Ashraf. "Variation of Static-PPP Positioning Accuracy Using GPS-Single Frequency Observations (Aswan, Egypt)." Artificial Satellites 52, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsa-2017-0003.

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Abstract Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a technique used for position computation with a high accuracy using only one GNSS receiver. It depends on highly accurate satellite position and clock data rather than broadcast ephemeries. PPP precision varies based on positioning technique (static or kinematic), observations type (single or dual frequency) and the duration of collected observations. PPP-(dual frequency receivers) offers comparable accuracy to differential GPS. PPP-single frequency receivers has many applications such as infrastructure, hydrography and precision agriculture. PPP using low cost GPS single-frequency receivers is an area of great interest for millions of users in developing countries such as Egypt. This research presents a study for the variability of single frequency static GPS-PPP precision based on different observation durations.

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Specht, Mariusz, and Tomasz Szot. "Accuracy Analysis of GPS Sport Receivers in Dynamic Measurements." Annual of Navigation 19, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10367-012-0013-9.

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Abstract Producers of GPS receivers nowadays offer many easy-to-use, mobile units for amateur and professional athletes. Similar functionality parameters and a relatively low price make it difficult for the average user to make a choice. This article compares technical aspects of different GPS devices and presents results of their dynamic accuracy evaluation. Selected GNSS units were divided into two groups: specialized dedicated to sports and GPS data loggers. The tests were carried out on the sports stadium of the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, where the lanes were measured with the use of the GPS Total Station phase receivers Leica GS-15 VIVA, supported by Polish Active Geodetic Network ASG-EUPOS. The ellipsoidal coordinates logged in the GNSS sports receivers were transformed in Gauss-Kruger projection to conformal x, y coordinates and statistical distributions of the predictable accuracy were calculated. The article also discusses other (important from a functional point of view) characteristics of GPS receivers used by athletes.

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Huang, Xin, Yazhou Chen, and Yuming Wang. "Simulation of Interference Effects of UWB Pulse Signal to the GPS Receiver." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (July 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9935543.

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Ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse signal has an extremely narrow pulse width and wide frequency bandwidth, which overlaps with the operating frequency band of Global Position System (GPS) receivers, posing a potential threat to their performance. In response to this problem, through mathematical analysis and software simulation, the effects of UWB pulse signal under time-hopping-pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) on the performance of GPS receivers were studied. First, the expression and waveform of the UWB pulse signal were analyzed in the time-frequency domain, and it is concluded that the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) mainly affects the discrete spectrum of the UWB signal and the TH code period mainly affects the continuous spectrum. On this basis, the simulation on the power spectral density (PSD) of GPS signal and UWB signal under different pulse parameters was represented, from which a conclusion can be drawn that the PRF is the main factor impacting the PSD of the GPS signal. Furthermore, this paper analyzed the degradation of GPS receiver equivalent carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) and C/A code demodulation bit error rate (BER) under UWB interference, which are the crucial evaluating indicators of GPS signal quality. Eventually, we theoretically calculated the minimum interference level of the UWB interference signal to the GPS receiver, providing a theoretical reference for reducing the interference effects of UWB pulse signal on the performance of GPS receivers.

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Lim, Deok-Won, Heon-Ho Choi, Moon-Beom Heo, and Sang-Jeong Lee. "A Model-Based Multipath Estimation Technique for GPS Receivers." Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 18, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2012.18.4.391.

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Słowik, Maciej, and Tomasz Mrozek. "Experimental Analysis of Navigational Precision for Dedicated GNSS Receivers." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2016-0038.

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Abstract In the paper experimental investigations related with analysis of navigational precision of three chosen GNSS receivers are shown. Used receivers allow for measurement of navigational signals in following modes of operations: receiving signals from single-frequency GPS system, dual-frequency GPS/GLONASS system, and receiving signals from GPS constellation with use of differential measurements. In the last mode the base station and mobile receiver were configured for transmitting/receiving differential corrections by pair of industry-grade radio modems. The most important features and configuration of navigational receivers for conducted experiment are presented. Afterward the features of computer program designed especially for simultaneous acquisition, analysis of quality parameters and archiving of navigational signals are shown. The results of conducted investigations are also shown. For each of the receivers quantity and quality parameters such as maximum and minimum numbers of visible satellites and DOP (dilution of precision) parameters achieved during the experiment are given.

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Zhang, Q., P. Zhang, Z. Sun, F. Wang, and X. Wang. "RESEARCH IN APPLICATION OF GEODETIC GPS RECEIVERS IN TIME SYNCHRONIZATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2283-2018.

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In recent years, with the development of satellite orbit and clock parameters accurately determining technology and the popularity of geodetic GPS receivers, Common-View (CV) which proposed in 1980 by Allan has gained widespread application and achieved higher accuracy time synchronization results. GPS Common View (GPS CV) is the technology that based on multi-channel geodetic GPS receivers located in different place and under the same common-view schedule to receiving same GPS satellite signal at the same time, and then calculating the time difference between respective local receiver time and GPST by weighted theory, we will obtain the difference between above local time of receivers that installed in different station with external atomic clock. Multi-channel geodetic GPS receivers have significant advantages such as higher stability, higher accuracy and more common-view satellites in long baseline time synchronization application over the single-channel geodetic GPS receivers. At present, receiver hardware delay and surrounding environment influence are main error factors that affect the accuracy of GPS common-view result. But most error factors will be suppressed by observation data smoothing and using of observation data from different satellites in multi-channel geodetic GPS receiver. After the SA (Selective Availability) cancellation, using a combination of precise satellite ephemeris, ionospheric-free dual-frequency P-code observations and accurately measuring of receiver hardware delay, we can achieve time synchronization result on the order of nanoseconds (ns).<br> In this paper, 6 days observation data of two IGS core stations with external atomic clock (PTB, USNO distance of two stations about 6000&thinsp;km) were used to verify the GPS common-view theory. Through GPS observation data analysis, there are at least 2&ndash;4 common-view satellites and 5 satellites in a few tracking periods between two stations when the elevation angle is 15&deg;, even there will be at least 2 common-view satellites for each tracking period when the elevation angle is 30&deg;. Data processing used precise GPS satellite ephemeris, double-frequency P-code combination observations without ionosphere effects and the correction of the Black troposphere Delay Model. the weighted average of all common-viewed GPS satellites in the same tracking period is taken by weighting the root-mean-square error of each satellite, finally a time comparison data between two stations is obtained, and then the time synchronization result between the two stations (PTB and USNO) is obtained. It can be seen from the analysis of time synchronization result that the root mean square error of REFSV (the difference between the local frequency standard at the mid-point of the actual tracking length and the tracked satellite time in unit of 0.1&thinsp;ns) shows a linear change within one day, However the jump occurs when jumping over the day which is mainly caused by satellites position being changed due to the interpolation of two-day precise satellite ephemeris across the day. the overall trend of time synchronization result is declining and tends to be stable within a week-long time. We compared the time synchronization results (without considering the hardware delay correction) with those published by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), and the comparing result from a week earlier shows that the trend is same but there is a systematic bias which was mainly caused by hardware delays of geodetic GPS receiver. Regardless of the hardware delay, the comparing result is about between 102&thinsp;ns and 106&thinsp;ns. the vast majority of the difference within 2&thinsp;ns but the difference of individual moment does not exceed 4ns when taking into account the systemic bias which mainly caused by hardware delay. Therefore, it is feasible to use the geodetic GPS receiver to achieve the time synchronization result in nanosecond order between two stations which separated by thousands kilometers, and multi-channel geodetic GPS receivers have obvious advantages over single-channel geodetic GPS receivers in the number of common-viewing satellites. In order to obtain higher precision (e.g sub-nanosecond order) time synchronization results, we shall take account into carrier phase observations, hardware delay ,and more error-influencing factors should be considered such as troposphere delay correction, multipath effects, and hardware delays changes due to temperature changes.

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Danskin, Scott D., Pete Bettinger, Thomas R. Jordan, and Chris Cieszewski. "A Comparison of GPS Performance in a Southern Hardwood Forest: Exploring Low-Cost Solutions for Forestry Applications." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 33, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/33.1.9.

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Abstract The global positioning system (GPS) exhibits much potential for forestry applications, where traditional methods of position determination still dominate. Recent advances in GPS technology may offer improved performance of GPS in forested conditions, and at a considerable cost advantage compared with previous GPS alternatives. We examined the use of several mapping- to recreation-grade GPS receivers across a topographic gradient and the influence of using the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) to their performance under leaf-on and leaf-off conditions. Generally, the mapping-grade receiver with postprocessed differential correction offered the highest position accuracies, which improved root mean squared error (RMSE95) from 3.64 to 5.32 m across leaf conditions, compared with recreation-grade receiver performance, which ranged in RMSE95 from 12.76 to 38.74 m under leaf-on conditions to 8.22 to 36.81 m under leaf-off conditions. Users of this information should keep in mind that RMSE95 equals actual RMSE × 1.7308. These results are consistent with the general thoughts that (a) mapping-grade receivers should provide higher horizontal position accuracy than consumer-grade receivers, (b) better horizontal position accuracy is obtained during leaf-off forest conditions (i.e., winter), (c) differential correction can improve horizontal position accuracy, and (d) WAAS, when available, can improve horizontal position accuracy. Results also indicate that slope position and the number of position fixes acquired may influence the performance of the GPS units.

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Zhang, Xiaohong, Mingkui Wu, and Wanke Liu. "Receiver Time Misalignment Correction for GPS-based Attitude Determination." Journal of Navigation 68, no. 4 (February 5, 2015): 646–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315000053.

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A prerequisite for a Global Positioning System (GPS) attitude determination is to calculate baselines between antennae with accuracy at the millimetre level simultaneously. However, in order to have a low cost attitude determination system, a set of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) receivers with separate clocks are used. In this case, if the receiver clocks are not precisely synchronized, the baseline vector between antennae will be calculated from the GPS signals received at different times. This can be a significant error source for high-kinematic applications. In this paper, two equivalent and effective approaches are developed to compensate this significant bias for baseline estimation and attitude determination. Test results using real airborne GPS data demonstrate that the receiver time misalignment between the two receivers can result in a 5 cm baseline offset for an aircraft with a 50 m/s velocity; the corresponding attitude errors can reach about 0·50° in yaw and 0·10° in pitch respectively for the attitude determination system with a baseline length of 3·79 m. With the proposed methods, these errors can be effectively eliminated.

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Rychlicki, Mariusz, Zbigniew Kasprzyk, and Adam Rosiński. "Analysis of Accuracy and Reliability of Different Types of GPS Receivers." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 6498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226498.

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There are several known cases of positioning error, leading to serious consequences, sometimes also deadly. Therefore, obtaining accurate position data by means of GPS receivers is paramount. With this perspective, the aim of this study was to test the within-field accuracy of different types of GPS receivers, and to determine their reliability. A proprietary software was used to determine the positioning accuracy of nine different types of satellite receivers. In addition, their reliability was investigated, by including tests aimed at measuring their positioning accuracy in field conditions. Thus, it was possible to determine the probability that these GPS receivers can be in some states (reliability). The developed software solution could be used for further research on a wider group of the same types of satellite receivers. The results of this study could lead to draft a procedure for evaluating and selecting GPS receivers, based on their quality, prior to use. This could have a paramount importance for uses in special purpose vehicles or transport telematics systems.

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Lee, In-seok, Seong-jun Oh, and Jin-hee Han. "Narrow-Band Jamming Signal Cancellation Algorithm for GPS Receivers." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 41, no. 8 (August 31, 2016): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2016.41.8.859.

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Kim, Hasong, and Sun Yong Kim. "A Study on Pseudo-Range Difference between Adjacent GPS Receivers." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 41, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 1756–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2016.41.12.1756.

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Wolff, A. M., D. M. Akos, and S. Lo. "Potential radio frequency interference with the GPS L5 band for radio occultation measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 11 (November 18, 2014): 3801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3801-2014.

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Abstract. Future radio occultation (RO) receivers are planned to utilize the newly implemented Global Positioning System (GPS) L5 band centered at 1176.45 MHz. Since there are currently no operational GPS L5 receivers used for space-based RO applications, the interference environment is unclear. Distance measuring equipment (DME) and tactical air navigation (TACAN) stations share the same frequency band as GPS L5. The signals from these stations have been identified as possible sources of interference for any GPS L5 receiver, including those used in RO applications. This study utilizes Systems Tools Kit (STK) simulations to gain insight into the power received by a RO satellite in low Earth orbit (LEO) from a DME–TACAN transmission as well as the amount of interfering stations. In order to confirm the validity of utilizing STK for communication purposes, a theoretical scenario was recreated as a simulation and the results were confirmed. Once the method was validated, STK was used to output a received power level aboard a RO satellite from a DME–TACAN station as well as a tool to detail the number of interfering DME–TACAN stations witnessed by a space-based RO receiver over time. The results indicated a large number of DME–TACAN stations transmitting at similar orientations as a receiving RO satellite, thereby leading to the possibility of signal degradation in an unclear interference environment.

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Zhu, Jiang Miao, Kai Guo, Yuan Gao, and Dong Han. "The Experimental Research Based on the GPS P3 Code Receiver Common-View Comparison System." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6902.

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GPS common-view is the main method for the time and frequency remote transfer currently, of which the uncertainty can reach several nanoseconds. The GPS P3 code receiver has recently become one of the international research hotspots, which can improve the comparison accuracy by revising ionosphere delay real-time values observed at two frequencies. In order to test the accuracy of the GPS Common-view comparison system, two EURO-160 receivers and a SEPT POLARX2 receiver constitutes the zero-baseline Common-view comparison experiment. The test result of experiment shows that the common-view system can reach the accuracy of 2~3ns, which is better than the single-frequency receivers. This system can present better time & frequency transfer services.

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Elgamel, Sherif, and Ehab Shaheen. "Efficient jamming signal against civilian GPS receivers." Journal of Engineering Science and Military Technologies 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejmtc.2019.8064.1103.

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Levine, J. "Time transfer using multi-channel GPS receivers." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 46, no. 2 (March 1999): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/58.753028.

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Øvstedal, Ola. "Absolute Positioning with Single-Frequency GPS Receivers." GPS Solutions 5, no. 4 (April 2002): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00012910.

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Babu, Ravindra. "Web-based resources on software GPS receivers." GPS Solutions 9, no. 3 (August 2, 2005): 240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-005-0002-8.

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Wang, Donglin, Michel Fattouche, and Fadhel Ghannouchi. "Geometry-Based Doppler Analysis for GPS Receivers." Wireless Personal Communications 68, no. 1 (October 30, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0435-z.

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Diaz, M. "Integrating GPS receivers into consumer mobile electronics." IEEE Multimedia 6, no. 4 (1999): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/93.809238.

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Chapman, Lee, John E. Thornes, and Andrew V. Bradley. "Sky-view factor approximation using GPS receivers." International Journal of Climatology 22, no. 5 (2002): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.649.

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BRAISTED, PAUL. "Parachute Jump Testing of Portable GPS Receivers." Navigation 36, no. 2 (June 1989): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-4296.1989.tb00993.x.

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Ali, Qasim, and S. Montenegro. "A Matlab Implementation of Differential GPS for Low-cost GPS Receivers." TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 8, no. 3 (2014): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.08.03.03.

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Journal articles on the topic 'GPS receivers'

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