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Lane, Patrick William Stephen. "The regulation of local governments under adverse selection : towards a general economic theory of local government." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315877.
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Посохов, Игорь Михайлович. "Государственное регулирование цен на продукцию социального значения." Thesis, Харьковский национальный университет им. В. Н. Каразина, 2009. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/30670.
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Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата экономических наук по специальности 08.00.03 – экономика и управление национальным хозяйством – Харьковский национальный университет имени В. Н. Каразина, Харьков, 2009.
В диссертации автором обоснованы теоретические, методические и практические вопросы совершенствования управления ценообразованием как направление развития социально-экономической стратегии формирования в Украине новой модели экономического развития. Разработки автора основаны на собственном исследовании государственного регулирования цен на социально значимую продукцию и анализе работы системы органов ценообразования. Исследуются сущность, цели, особенности и механизмы государственного регулирования цен. Теоретически обоснована необходимость влияния государства на ценовую политику на современном этапе развития экономики, теоретически направления и предложены научно-методические подходы к совершенствованию государственной ценовой политики. Получили дальнейшее развитие научно-теоретическое обоснование государственного регулирования цен на современном этапе развития Украины, классификация целей и методов государственного регулирования цен, исследование эффективности государственного регулирования цен на рынке социально значимых продовольственных товаров на примере рынка хлеба и подсолнечного масла, перспективы развития системы ценообразования в условиях вступления Украины в ВТО. В процессе исследования выполнена классификация целей и методов государственного регулирования цен. Классификация методов государственного регулирования цен, в соответствии принципам управления по дополнительному набору признаков, отражает использование методов государственного регулирования цен в Украине. Выделены характерные особенности государственного регулирования цен, современной социальной политики и предложены направления их оптимизации. Предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию социально значимого перечня товаров и услуг, согласно которому осуществляется регулирование цен в Украине. Предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию нормативной базы в области ценообразования, рекомендации по совершенствованию работы Государственной инспекции по контролю за ценами и системы ценообразования, предложены составляющие механизма управления тендерными закупками, как косвенного механизма государственного регулирования цен на социально значимые товары.The Dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of economic sciences on a speciality 08.00.13 - Economics and Governance of a National Economy, Kharkiv National Karazina University, Kharkiv, 2009. The goal of this dissertation is to research the theoretical, methodical and practical questions of improvement of pricing management as development concept of "social and economic strategy of formation of the new economic development model in Ukraine". The dissertation offers recommendations on improvement of normative base in the field of pricing, recommendations on improvement of work of governmental price management inspection and the pricing system. Also the mechanism of tender purchases management, as the indirect mechanism of governmental price regulation for socially significant production is offered.
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Посохов, Ігор Михайлович. "Державне регулювання цін на продукцію соціального значення." Thesis, Харківський національний університет ім. В. Н. Каразіна, 2009. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/27923.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.03 - економіка та управління національним господарством. Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна, Харків, 2009.
У дисертації досліджуються теоретичні, методичні та практичні питання вдосконалення управління ціноутворенням як напрямок розвитку "Соціально-економічної стратегії формування в Україні нової моделі економічного розвитку". Пропонуються рекомендації з вдосконалення нормативної бази в області ціноутворення, рекомендації з вдосконалення роботи Державної інспекції контролю за цінами і системи ціноутворення, запропонований механізм управління тендерними закупівлями, як непрямий механізм державного регулювання цін на соціально значущі товари. Обґрунтовано існуючі джерела фінансування сучасної системи державного регулювання цін і запропоновані нові. Розроблено науково-методичні рекомендації подальшого розвитку системи ціноутворення та вдосконалення моніторингу цін Державної інспекції з контролю за цінами. Пропонується поширити моніторинг цін на приватних підприємців, в зв'язку з тим, що вони займають значну частину ринку соціально значущої продукції.The Dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of economic sciences on a speciality 08.00.13 - Economics and Governance of a National Economy, Kharkiv National Karazina University, Kharkiv, 2009. The goal of this dissertation is to research the theoretical, methodical and practical questions of improvement of pricing management as development concept of "social and economic strategy of formation of the new economic development model in Ukraine". The dissertation offers recommendations on improvement of normative base in the field of pricing, recommendations on improvement of work of governmental price management inspection and the pricing system. Also the mechanism of tender purchases management, as the indirect mechanism of governmental price regulation for socially significant production is offered.
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Andersen, Martin. "Consequences of Government Provision and Regulation of Health Insurance." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10534.
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The first two chapters of this dissertation concern the effect of public catastrophic insurance programs. In the first chapter, I show how these programs, which only protect against large health shocks, induce advantageous selection in private insurance. I use data on older Americans with Medicare insurance from the Health and Retirement Study to test if individuals with supplemental private health insurance are systematically lower-risk in states with public catastrophic insurance programs. I find that these programs decrease the average health risk for the privately insured by $700 and that a one standard deviation increase in an individual’s health risk decreases her probability of having private insurance by 4 percentage points. In the second chapter, I show that these programs reduce the incentive to invest in risk-reducing activities. I find large decreases in self-protection after a program is introduced and that individuals for whom the program is less generous are more likely to engage in self-protection. These effects are stronger for women than for men and apply to a variety of investments in health, including decisions about smoking, obesity, and cancer screening. The third chapter considers a different form of government intervention in insurance markets. In this chapter, I study laws mandating that employer-sponsored health insurance provide coverage for mental illness. I show that industries for which mental health coverage became more generous had larger increases in the average mental distress of their insured workforce. Part of the increase in generosity was due to regulations mandating coverage of mental health benefits. I then show that these regulations affected the behavior of individuals in the labor market—individuals who value more generous mental health benefits and switch jobs work longer hours after these regulations take effect, but individuals who do not value mental health benefits decrease their labor supply. These results are consistent with firms cutting back on their demand for labor due to the cost of the mandate, which leads to lower wages and a decrease in labor supply by individuals who do not value mental health benefits, but an increase in labor supply by individuals who do value mental
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Limardi, Michela <1981>. "Trade policy, government and non-State regulation of international labor and environmental standards." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4205/.
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Perez-Orselli, Emilia. "Does the Internet Affect the Relationship Between Government Regulations and New Firm Entry Rates? Evidence from a Cross-Country Study." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/239.
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While the introduction of the Internet in the past 20 years has revolutionized the way people manage established firms, little is known about the effects of the Internet on the rate of new firm entry. Since government regulations have been identified to be one of the primary determinants of firm entry rates, this paper uses recent World Bank data on Internet usage to examine whether the Internet has had any effect on the relationship between government regulations and firm entry rates across 78 countries. The primary results show that Internet usage does not appear to have a significant effect on this relationship, but the results from a robustness check between high and low income countries suggest that in high-income countries, the Internet actually increases the burden of one of the main regulations; the cost to register a business.
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Uctug, Cagan. "Regulation Theory And Economic Crises: The Cases Of Greece And Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615177/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the economic crises of recent years through the lens of the Regulation Theory. It focuses on the Greek Crisis of 2009 and the Turkish Financial Crises of 2000 and 2001. Furthermore it also analyzes the crisis in the United States to give a better grounding for the current crises. The thesis tries to answer the questions of whether or not Regulation Theory proves to be a sufficient tool for analyzing these crises and whether or not these fit the definition of crisis that the Regulation Theory puts forward. It is argued that Regulation Theory explains to a great extent both the causes and the structure of the crises.
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Li, Tao. "Ownership, privatization and banking regulation : four essays in the economics of transition and development /." Full text available, 2003. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/litao.pdf.
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Forlines, Grayson L. "ESSAYS ON THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND POLICY IN HEALTH CARE MARKETS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/35.
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Understanding how health care markets function is important not only because competition has a direct influence on the price and utilization of health care services, but also because the proper functioning, or lack thereof, of health care markets has a very real impact on patients who depend on health care markets and providers for their personal well-being. In this dissertation, I examine the role of government policies and regulation in health care markets, with a focus on the response of health care providers. In Chapter 1, I analyze the impact of Medicare payment rules on hospital ownership of physician practices. Since the mid-2000’s, there has been a rapid increase in hospital ownership of physician practices, however, there is little empirical research which addresses the causes of this recent wave of integration. Medicare’s “provider-based” billing policy allows hospital-owned physician practices to charge higher reimbursement rates for services provided compared to a freestanding, independent physician practice, without altering how or where services are provided. This “site-based” differential creates a premium for physicians to integrate with hospitals, and the size of this differential varies with the types of health care services provided. I find that Medicare payment rules have contributed to hospital ownership of physician practices and that the response varies across physician specialties. A 10 percent increase in the relative reimbursement rate paid to integrated physicians leads to a 1.9 percentage point increase in the probability of hospital ownership for Medical Care specialties, including cardiology, neurology, and dermatology, which explains about one-third of observed integration of these specialties from 2005 through 2015. Magnitudes for Surgical Care specialties are similar, but more sensitive across specifications. There is no significant response for Primary Care physicians. In combination with other empirical literature which finds that integration between physicians and hospitals typically results in higher prices with no impact on costs or quality of care, I cautiously interpret this responsiveness as evidence that Medicare’s provider-based billing policy overcompensates integrated physician practices and leads to an inefficiently high level of vertical integration between physician and hospitals.
In Chapter 2, I analyze the effect of anti-fraud enforcement activity on Medicaid spending, with a particular focus on the False Claims Act. The False Claims Act (FCA) is a federal statute which protects the government from making undeserved payments to contractors and suppliers. Individual states have chosen to enact their own versions of the federal FCA, and these statutes have increasingly been used to target health care fraud. FCA statutes commonly include substantial monetary penalties such as “per-violation” monetary fines and tripled damages, as well as a “whistleblower” provision which allows private plaintiffs to initiate a lawsuit and collect a portion of recoveries as a reward. Using variation in statelevel FCA legislation, I find state FCAs reduce Medicaid prescription drug spending by 21 percent, while other spending categories - which are less lucrative for FCA lawsuits - are unresponsive. Within the prescription drug category, drugs prone to off-label use show larger declines in response to the whistleblower laws, consistent with FCA lawsuits being used to prosecute pharmaceutical manufacturers for off-label marketing and promotion. Spending and prescription volume for drugs prone to off-label use fall by up to 14 percent. This effect could be driven by pharmaceutical manufacturers’ changes in physician detailing for drugs prone to off-label use and/or physicians’ changes in prescribing behavior.
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Filipovic, Miroslava. "Governments, banks and global capital : the emergence of the global capital market and the politics of its regulation." Thesis, City University London, 1994. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8379/.
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This thesis analyses the global capital market, as one of the most dynamic aspects of the world economy. Once the dollars have begun to circulate outside the US, the expansion of transnational banking could not be curtailed. In addition to Eurocurrencies, other external financial markets were created, providing a global structure for the whole range of instruments to be traded. Economic and political changes in the late 1970s and in the beginning of the 1980s contributed to a shift in financial logic of both intermediaries and investors: from credit markets, they have increasingly turned to securities. Computer banking networks spanned the globe and provided almost an instantaneousa ccesst o every corner of the world of finance. So, in the mid-1980s, a truly global capital market came into being. Global financial structure sent critical signals on several occasions, regarding its over-all stability and soundness. Regulation of such global structure has attracted immense attention world-wide, as cross-border capital flows epitomize basic dilemmae about the concept of market economy: to what extent efficiency-gains justify loose market regulation, or, to put it the other way, to what degree the regulation could be tightened (i. e. market stability over-emphasized) to avoid hampering efficiency. These questions have indeed become political choices, provoking hot debates on both the national and the international level. The International Relations' approach to the global environment has proved to be a necessary enlargement of classical economic analysis today. In this particular case, the Issue-Based paradigm and regime theory were the most appropriate analytical frameworks to be applied. The hyper-issue of an orderly market economy v. a socialist command economy links the issues like international control, capital rules, liberalization and market integrity. A wider policy-system for global capital flows has emerged, featuring many and diverse actors. Although priorities vary to a great extent, it can be concluded that the multi-centric structure emphasizes the values of efficiency and freedom, while the intergovernmental world still highlights the maintenance of order and stability. Although regime theory has provided a valuable framework for this analysis, it still fails to reflect changing reality of modern financial structures. Instead of concentrating exclusively on governmental actors and the intergovernmental world, regime theory should also be applied on processes which are going on in the other, multicentric world. For the time being, an intergovernmental regime for global capital market is beyond the reach. Contrary to that, a transnational, nongovernmental regime for capital flows has begun to emerge.
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Zelikow, Daniel Martin. "A political economy of business regulation in Nigeria : an examination of the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decrees of 1972 and 1977." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2daa2f80-b4b6-40c0-88b7-e291052a2199.
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Chew, Tze Cheng. "The effects of cultural dimensions, government regulations and entrepreneurial orientation on firms' international performance : a study of SMEs in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8663/.
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This research advances an integrative approach to examining the complex interplays between various internal and external determinants to the firm, in order to provide a fuller understanding of the international performance of firms. Specifically, this research aims to enrich our understanding of the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in driving the international performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For this purpose, the research integrates the resource-based view (RBV) with the institutional perspective to explicate the dynamic interactions among EO - a core firm-specific resource - and two institutional factors, i.e. cultural dimensions and government regulations in explaining the international performance of SMEs. The research conceptualises and examines four core sets of associations that relate to: i) EO and international performance of firms; ii) cultural dimensions and EO; iii) government regulations on the association between EO and international performance; and iv) government regulations on the association between cultural dimensions and EO. The study employed a quantitative research method and conducted a large-scale, self-administered questionnaire survey in Malaysia. The statistical analysis of data of 203 internationalised SMEs confirms the positive impact of EO on the firms’ international performance. Moreover, analyses provide evidence of the association of cultural dimensions of high individualism, high masculinity and low uncertainty avoidance with EO; and of the premise that government regulations positively moderate the individualism-EO and masculinity-EO relationships. The incorporation of the RBV and the institutional perspective offers a fuller explanation of the international performance of SMEs. Specifically, it advances understanding of the importance of EO - a critical resource for firms, whose manifestation and strength are influenced by institutional factors - in the internationalisation of firms. The research also contributes to the institutional perspective in two ways. First, the focus on the macro institutional factors based on a micro perspective reflected through the perception of the key decision-maker advances the understanding of the entrepreneurship phenomenon. It explains that how firms perceive and respond to the institutional context within which they are embedded will, in turn, prompt the responding entrepreneurial behaviours and subsequently affect international performance. Second, it explicates the interacting and reinforcing effect of cultural dimensions and government regulations, which are an informal and a formal component of institutions, on the genesis of EO. Significant practical implications are derived accordingly for business practitioners and policy makers to promote SMEs’ international business development and growth.
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Abbas, Syed Mohammad Ali. "From foreign aid to domestic debt : essays on government financing in developing economies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:95219b5a-4e24-4190-b5e3-95fb3d0b2425.
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The first essay [“Twin Deficits and Free Lunches: Macroeconomic Outcomes In Anticipation of Foreign Aid”] concerns itself with situations in which private agents anticipate a future windfall (free lunch) that will help service the debt resulting from a present fiscal expansion (implemented via a temporary tax cut). Such expectations of a windfall can arise in the context of natural resource discoveries or, more interestingly, due to perceptions by agents in “too important to fail” countries that will be bailed out through higher foreign aid or debt relief. We employ an overlapping generations model featuring credit constraints to study the real effects of such free lunch expectations in a small open economy, drawing contrasts with the standard tax and money finance closure rules. The model is solved analytically and shows that anticipated aid is equivalent to current aid when agents have perfect foresight, so that a temporary tax cut is seen as permanent. Accordingly, agents raise their consumption and indebtedness (at the expense of future generations) by an amount that is an increasing function of their “impatience” (subjective rates of time preference plus probability of death). A worsening of the current account obtains (twin deficits) across a range of plausible closure rules, including those featuring money finance. The introduction of credit constrained households (we study the variant where myopic agents spend their current disposable incomes) does not alter the basic result in the case of full aid finance, but does matter for mixed tax-aid regimes, in more complex settings where agent expectations and donor promises on aid diverge, and when governments face borrowing constraints so that the timing of aid delivery matters. The second essay [“The Role of Domestic Debt in Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation For Developing Economies”] focuses on the remaining source of government financing, i.e. domestic debt, and the role it can play in mobilizing private savings, facilitating credit intermediation in higher risk settings (i.e. serving a “collateral” function on bank balance sheets), developing financial markets and supporting economic growth in general. To investigate this question empirically, we set up a new domestic debt database covering about 100 developing economies, going back three decades to 1975; explore Granger causality links between domestic debt and key macroeconomic and institutional variables; and estimate the growth impact of domestic debt using panel regressions, allowing for non-linear effects. Domestic debt, as a share of GDP is found to exert a significant positive impact on economic growth, with potential channels including domestic savings mobilization, provision of risk-insurance on banks’ balance sheets; and greater institutional accountability of the state to its citizens. Although this result countervails more established arguments against domestic debt (i.e. that it leads to crowding out and banks to become lazy), there is some evidence that above a ratio of 35 percent of bank deposits, domestic debt does begin to undermine economic growth. The growth payoff also depends on debt quality, with higher payoffs observed for positive interest-rate bearing marketable debt issued to nonbank sectors. The third and final essay [“Why Do Banks in Developing Economies Hold Domestic Government Securities?”] explores demand-side determinants of domestic debt, by focusing on commercial bank holdings of government paper, discriminating carefully between voluntary factors (such as mean-variance portfolio optimization) and statutory ones (cash reserve and capital adequacy requirements). The analysis is made possible by the construction of a dataset on government and private returns (real and nominal) for almost 600 banks from 70 emerging and low-income economies, spanning the (pre-Basel II) period 1995-2005. A battery of structural cross-section regressions indicates that banks’ portfolio decisions are at least as significantly influenced by mean-variance considerations as regulatory factors: the actual portfolio share of government securities (λ) responds intuitively, and sizably, to variations in the moments of the distributions for government and private returns as well as in the minimum-variance portfolio share (λ*). Higher cash reserve requirements tilt portfolios away from government securities toward riskier private lending, while higher capital adequacy requirements work the other way. The association between actual portfolios and the identified determinants is noticeably weaker at lower ends of the λ distribution, suggesting the domination of non-CAPM factors in those contexts.
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Яковенко, Р. В., and R. Yakovenko. "Необхідність побудови та удосконалення системи соціально-економічного впливу на демографічні процеси." Thesis, Дніпропетровськ : Наука і освіта, 2005. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/6371.
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У тезах визначено фактори, які негативно впливають на демографічну ситуацію. Сформульовано передумови реалізації ефективної регіональної демографічної політики.
In the theses the factors that affect the demographic situation were determined. Preconditions of implementation of the effective regional population policies were formulated.
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Яковенко, Р. В., and R. Yakovenko. "Система соціально-економічного впливу на демографічні процеси : необхідність побудови та удосконалення." Thesis, Кропивницький : сайт rk.kr.ua, 2018. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7396.
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У тезах визначено фактори, які негативно впливають на демографічну ситуацію. Сформульовано передумови реалізації ефективної регіональної демографічної політики.
In the theses the factors that affect the demographic situation were determined. Preconditions of implementation of the effective regional population policies were formulated.
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Johnson, Erik A. "County-Level Land Use Planning Policies and Regulations Impacting the Pattern of Settlement in Utah County, Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1988. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTGM,19181.
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Cunha, Juliano Cavalheiro da. "Reestruturação agroindustrial e mudanças institucionais na rede láctea paulista." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3791.
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Previous issue date: 2005-05-19In a very complex sector like the milk it is important to discuss the Govern action. This issue has been discussed very hard in all international meetings about trading. In the Brazilian case its possible to visualize two different periods of Government action, the regulation and the self-regulation. So, the processes between these periods has caused different kind of impacts to the actors. Among all the problems created are the exclusion of milk producers, workers and cooperatives. The main issue of this work are the changes happened in the beginning of ninety years, when the Government stopped regulating the milk sector. Another objective is to describe and analyze the formation of the milk policy network in the São Paulo state considering the institutional environment and the governance structure. The object of analyze is the milk policy network, the unit of analyze is the negotiation among the actors and the variable of analyzes are the power resources (constitutional, policy, financial, organizational, technological and juridical).
No caso brasileiro observam-se claramente dois períodos distintos com relação ao modo de regulação do setor lácteo, a regulação estatal e a auto-regulação. Existe, portanto, um processo de desregulamentação de mercado causando impactos variados a todos os atores do setor, além de conseqüências estruturais significativas. Dentre os problemas observados estão a nova estrutura de oportunidades criada e a exclusão de muitos atores, tais como pecuaristas, cooperativas, trabalhadores, entre outros. O tema central da presente dissertação é a desregulamentação do mercado lácteo nacional, tendo como foco a produção leiteira e as negociações que se desenvolvem no estado de São Paulo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar o processo de formação da rede de poder láctea paulista a partir das negociações dos atores envolvidos, do ambiente institucional constituído e da estrutura de governança estabelecida. Os recursos de poder (constitucionais, políticos, financeiros, tecnológicos, organizacionais e jurídicos) foram identificados nas fontes primárias e secundárias e descritos em ordem cronológica de modo a servirem de base para a análise da formação da rede de poder láctea paulista. A partir dos recursos de poder o presente trabalho buscou entender as mudanças estruturais da rede de poder láctea no estado de São Paulo, fundamentadas nos processos de busca e detenção dos mesmos entre os atores lácteos paulistas. Neste processo de análise, além de evidenciar o processo de formação da rede láctea paulista, foi possível mostrar os aspectos econômicos e políticos mais relevantes da desregulamentação estatal ocorrida durante a década de 90.
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Фролов, Сергій Михайлович, Сергей Михайлович Фролов, and Serhii Mykhailovych Frolov. "Розвиток методологічних засад бюджетного менеджменту при реалізації державою соціально-економічної політики у прикордонних територіях." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51491.
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Дисертаційна робота присвячена розвитку теоретико-методологічних засад бюджетного менеджменту при реалізації державою соціально-економічної політики у прикордонних територіях, розробці науково-методичних рекомендацій і практичних інструментів щодо його забезпечення.Dissertation research is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological principles of budget management in the implementation of state social and economic policy in the border areas, developing scientific guidelines and practical tools for its support.
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Clarkberg, Jasper W. "Regulatory Uncertainty and the Natural Gas Industry in the US." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1495560884199246.
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Sabo, Josefin. "Reglerad sprängkraft : dynamiten, staten och den svenska civila sprängmedelsindustrin 1858-1950." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141078.
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The development of new innovations in explosives was an important part of the industrialization process from the mid-nineteenth century. The establishment of the world´s first nitroglycerin factory – Nitroglycerin Aktiebolaget (NA) in Stockholm in 1864 started a process replacing gunpowder with nitroglycerin and from 1868 by the safer invention dynamite. This affected both the long-term relationships between the mining industry and the powder mills and the demand from new industries for efficient and safe explosives. Even though the explosives industry was a small industry, it was of great importance for many other industries and for economic transformation. With dynamite and its successors, society also faced new risks. As a result, an extensive legislation was developed at an early stage which was supplemented with further supervision from a government authority in various organizations from 1895. The aim of the thesis is to investigate and analyze the major decision-making processes of the Swedish civilian explosives industry during the period 1858-1950. The purpose of the work is to contribute to gaining knowledge about how the society´s regulation of different industries has evolved and how state and private actors have acted in the development of new regulations. The work is structured around three main questions. The first question is about how the Swedish explosives industry developed during the period. How did the technological development of the industry and the explosives look like and had this any impact on the questions the actors within the industry drove? The second question is about how the dynamite industry was regulated. What did the regulations contain and how was the control organized? How did rights and obligations look like and how was the industry affected by this? The third question concerns the regulatory process itself. How and why did the regulations change and which actors were involved in the various changes? How did the Government and the actors act and can we see shifts over time between their different roles and interests? The study concludes that NA was the actor that, by using different methods, managed to gain the greatest influence over the regulatory process. Although the traditional established powder mill industry competed with NA at an early stage, it was nevertheless the initial, high-tech company that was involved in creating new national regulations in negotiation with the regulating authorities. This was a process of regulatory capture where NA, by combining both direct and indirect capture methods, managed to gain influence over regulations in the long run. A parallel but slightly different characteristic of this regulatory capture process is risk minimization for the public. Despite the occurrence of regulatory capture the regulations developed in a kind of a co-regulation system where the regulators became dependent on NA to provide the technical and practical expertise needed to build the necessary regulatory framework.
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Kim, Tae Hyun. "An Evaluation of Hospital Capital Investment after the Balanced Budget Act." Also available online at:, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1578.
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Вінічук, М. В., and M. V. Vinichuk. "Соціальна компонента економічної безпеки України: дисертація." Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2016. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/3310.
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Вінічук М. В. Соціальна компонента економічної безпеки України: дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 21.04.01 – економічна безпека держави (економічні науки) / Вінічук Марія Володимирівна. – Львів, 2016. - 223 с.Дисертаційна робота присвячена удосконаленню теоретико-методичних засад, обґрунтуванню прикладних рекомендацій щодо зміцнення рівня соціальної компоненти економічної безпеки України. У роботі досліджено концептуальні підходи до oцiнювaння рівня СцБ держави через доповнення офіційних Методичних рекомендацій щодо розрахунку рівня економічної безпеки України наступними показниками: середньомісячна номінальна зарплата; частка населення зі сукупними витратами, нижчими від 75 % медіанного рівня сукупних витрат (рівень бідності); наявність житлового фонду в середньому на одну особу; індекс людського розвитку; чисельність і частка середнього класу; рівень безробіття; рівень середньорічних номінальних грошових доходів на одну особу; індекс якості життя; багатовимірний індекс бідності; індекс гендерної нерівності; індекс гендерного розвитку; рівень тінізації економіки; індекс сприйняття корупції в соціальній сфері, що, порівняно з пропонованими, дозволяє здійснити комплексний моніторинг досліджуваного явища та завчасно формувати заходи з мінімізації негативних впливів; визначено місце СцБ в системі ЕБД. Завдяки емпіричному аналізу систематизовано й оцінено основні загрози у соціальній сфері на макрорівні; проаналізовано динаміку грошових доходів населення як інструменту регулювання СцБ; визначено джерела консолідації фінансових ресурсів держави для підвищення соціальних стандартів. На основі теоретичних та емпіричних досліджень запропоновано підходи до формування середнього класу як основи стабільності соціально-економічної системи; розроблено концептуальні засади стратегії гарантування соціальної безпеки України. This dissertation is dedicated to improving theoretical and methodological foundations and making a case for applied recommendations concerning the social component of economic security of Ukraine. The study focuses on theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the level of national social security and defines the place of social security within the economic security system. Based on empirical analysis, major threats and risks in the social sector at the macro level have been systematized and reviewed; the dynamics of cash income as an instrument for social security regulation has been addressed, and sources of consolidation of national financial resources to improve social standards have been identified. Relying on theoretical and empirical research, approaches to the formation of the middle class as the foundation of stability of the social and economic system and conceptual bases of strategies to guarantee social security of Ukraine have been suggested.
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Баклан, О. В. "Антикризовий менеджмент у сфері економіки: деякі порівняльно-прикладні питання." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42759.
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У статті проведено аналіз декількох концепцій світової практики щодо розкриття змісту різноманітних способів державного регулювання ринкової економіки та місця підприємництва як матеріальної основи будь якої економічної системи.
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Rovenská, Michaela. "Ochrana spotřebitele v oblasti bezpečnosti výrobků se zaměřením na hračky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150131.
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This diploma thesis aims to describe the nature and specifics of product safety, as well as analyze the legal background of toys safety and discuss practical aspects related to the toy market. Based on these findings it aims to vindicate the following hypothesis: "Current toy market trends clearly linked with European integration, globalization and technological progress lead to a need to introduce increasingly stringent legislation that would regulate the negative consequences of these trends." The diploma thesis is divided into three parts. The first part describes the theoretical basis of consumer protection in the Czech Republic and the European Union. Sources of legal regulation of consumer law, basic terminology as well as consumer organizations and institutions active in this area are described. The second part deals with the regulation of product safety, while an analysis of three major legislations affecting the product safety is carried out. The third part of this diploma thesis is crucial, while it characterizes the term "toy", analyzes legislation governing toys safety and contains comparison of the current and already invalid Government Regulation on technical requirements for toys. Specific aspects of the toy industry and its current trends are discussed as well as systematic intervention of responsible bodies in case when a dangerous toy is launched.
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Лопаткіна, І. В. "Державне регулювання економіки в умовах ринкової саморегуляції: теоретичний аспект." Thesis, Бял ГРАД-БГ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61812.
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На часі не стоїть питання державного втручання в економіку. Жодна країна
світу не має тотально ліберальних ринкових відносин. Але до сьогодні не
вирішеними залишаються питання ролі, можливостей, відповідальності, сили
впливу, адекватності та ефективності державної політики та співвідношення
ринкової саморегуляції і держаного регулювання економіки.
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Erdogdu, Erkan. "Essays on electricity market reforms : a cross-country applied approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244713.
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In the last two decades, more than half of the countries in the world have introduced a reform process in their power industries and billions of dollars have been spent on liberalizing electricity markets around the world. This thesis presents a doctoral research concerned with the cross-country empirical analysis of the electricity market reforms. The thesis is in three-paper format; that is, we present three independent but related stand-alone papers. The first paper focuses on the impact of power market reforms on electricity price-cost margins and industrial/residential price ratios. It investigates this issue by looking at the impact of the electricity industry reforms on residential and industrial electricity price-cost margins and their effect on industrial/residential price ratios. Using panel data from 63 developed and developing countries covering the period 1982–2009, empirical models are developed and analysed. The results suggest that each individual reform step has different impact on price-cost margins and industrial/residential price ratios for each consumer and country group. That is to say, our findings imply that similar reform steps may have different impacts in different countries, which supports the idea that reform prescription for a specific country cannot easily be transferred to another one with similar success. The second paper explores whether the question of why some countries are able to implement more extensive reforms is closely related to the question of why some countries have better institutions than others. It analyses this question by using an empirical econometric model based on Poisson regression with cross-section data covering 51 states in US, 13 provinces in Canada and 51 other countries. The study concludes that both the background of the chairperson and the minister/governor and institutional endowments of a country are important determinants of how far reforms have gone in a country. Considering the fact that ideological considerations, political composition of governments and educational/professional background of leaders have played and will play a crucial role throughout the reform process; the third paper attempts to discover the impact of political economic variables on the liberalization process in electricity markets. It develops and analyses empirical models using panel data from 55 developed and developing countries covering the period 1975–2010. The results suggest that a portion of the differences in the reform experiences of reforming countries in the past three decades can be explained by differences in the political structure, in the ideology of the government and in the professional and educational backgrounds of the political leaders.
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Sarver, Joseph Michael. "The Status of Food Safety in China: A Systems Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397600140.
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Ansar, Atif. "'New departures' in infrastructure provision : an ongoing evolution away from physical assets to user needs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1f938334-bf4e-45cc-81fc-be50afa5dc9e.
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Infrastructure—communications, energy, transport, waste, and water networks—is critical for economic activity and social well-being. Practitioners, politicians, and economists advocate high levels of investment in infrastructure under the rubric of 'planning for growth' (or the 'push' paradigm). This paradigm relies on complex public-private arrangements in the name of public interest. These seemingly reasonable arrangements are, however, not delivering their promise. Evidence shows that the needs of infrastructure users in rich and poor countries are not being met, many private providers of infrastructure earn rich returns, assets are rarely built in time or on budget, and there is tremendous waste in the operation of many infrastructure industries. No other sector could survive the profligacy and slack common in infrastructure. I distil the following primary propositions of the accepted wisdom, which is inspired by mainstream economics: First, infrastructure assets necessarily entail high sunk costs and large economies of scale. Consequently, assets last for very long periods of time, and they cannot be readily moved. Second, infrastructure outputs are homogeneous. Third, one network fits all users (large and small). Fourth, infrastructure users, even large ones, are likely to have weak bargaining power in procurement of infrastructure outputs. I challenge these four propositions of the conventional wisdom by putting forward alternative hypotheses. First, instead of being monolithic and costly, infrastructures can be assembled (and disassembled) as flexible modules for specific users in specific places. Drawing on option pricing theory in quantitative finance, I recast infrastructures as 'portfolios of real options'. Second, infrastructure outputs are, in fact, heterogeneous and differentiated services. Third, one infrastructure network cannot fit all users, either today or in the future. Users are remarkably heterogeneous, not only in terms of unique user preferences but also in terms of spatial location. Infrastructure networks need to evolve in tandem with user needs or risk spatial, temporal, and relational obsolescence. Finally, users, large and small, are adept at exerting strong bargaining power in procuring infrastructure both prior to and after rendering durable and immobile investments. Users also strategically deploy intermediaries, e.g. futures and Over-the-Counter (OTC) exchanges, and real estate developers, to negotiate private contracts for infrastructure services. These findings are supported by two case studies. The first case study details the process by which ThyssenKrupp, a large steel company, bargained for its infrastructure by locating to a manufacturing site in the U.S. The second case study focuses on residents of Lavasa, one of the largest property developments in India. Here, small users of infrastructure exert strong bargaining power with the aid of intermediaries—the real estate developer and the property asset manager. New departures in infrastructure provision are urgently needed at a practical level. Poor investments rendered today—particularly if costly, inflexible, and durable—will suffocate tomorrow’s possibilities. The spatial, temporal, and relational approach proposed in this dissertation begins to offer an alternative account of how tomorrow can be modularly shaped.
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Nelson, Edward. "Hydropower in Scotland : linking changing energy and environmental agendas with sustainability outcomes." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20282.
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As the UK energy sector moves to a greater contribution from low-carbon and renewable sources it faces significant challenges in delivering affordability, security of supply and sustainability. Although hydropower in Scotland emerged on a large scale in the mid-20th century against an influential, changing wider context of energy policy, environmental regulation and debate, it is now subject to an evolving renewables agenda. This further shapes the national and scheme level characteristics of hydropower and in turn outcomes for the water environment. Contingent upon these considerations, hydropower regulation must now deliver on EU obligations to protect and improve the ecological status of water bodies, whilst also supporting domestic efforts to meet high profile binding renewable energy targets. Yet, despite an acknowledged potential for energy policy to constrain the delivery of water policy objectives, there is little policy harmonisation between disciplines. As Scotland orientates itself as a leader in Europe on climate change, transitioning to increasing amounts of renewable generation across a handful of technologies, there is a gap in knowledge about how specific renewable policies and trends can influence hydropower sustainability outcomes and regulatory challenges. This thesis therefore contributes an innovative and timely critical examination of the effect a changing wider renewable energy and policy context has on hydropower sustainability in Scotland, at a scheme and national level. This research uses an interdisciplinary, temporal analysis to identify linkages and create dialogue between disciplines and scales, informing the pursuit of sustainable renewable energy through policy and regulation in a changing world. It finds firstly, that the changing national generation mix towards an increased contribution from renewable sources, including potentially intermittent technologies such as wind power, has contributed to an alteration in the operational characteristics and reservoir variability profile of Cruachan pumped-storage scheme, presenting positive outcomes for reservoir littoral habitats. Secondly, it finds that whilst not operating in isolation, renewable energy incentive policies, through their eligibility criteria, financial reward frameworks and timing, influence hydropower characteristics and sustainability challenges, providing trade-offs but also synergies for hydropower regulation. Finally, it finds that there is a degree of divergence in hydropower outcomes and challenges in Scotland and Norway, due to the characteristics and especially interaction of wider contextual elements such as topography, profile of precipitation input, national energy needs and the role of regional and municipal government. By highlighting these linkages, this thesis is of value to energy policy and environmental regulation in Scotland and across the EU, and is seen as a first step in addressing these uncertainties and supporting a more integrated and sustainable hydropower and renewables governance framework.
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Matos, João Boaventura Branco de. "As transformações da regulação em saúde suplementar no contexto das mudanças do papel do Estado." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2990.
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Esta tese analisa a trajetória, os desafios e as perspectivas da regulação em saúde suplementar, contextualizados num ambiente de grandes transformações do papel dos Estados nacionais e das relações entre a Economia e a Política no âmbito mundial e no Brasil. As interrelações entre economia e política são a base para importantes mudanças no papel do Estado brasileiro, do arcabouço regulatório e da regulação da saúde suplementar em particular. A tese tem início com o desenvolvimento de uma análise sobre o panorama político e econômico mundial, de modo a identificar suas influências sobre o Brasil e o setor de saúde brasileiro. À luz deste arcabouço analítico, é desenvolvido um detalhamento retrospectivo dos principais normativos que compuseram a regulação em saúde suplementar, editados por intermédio da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar ANS. Para tanto, foi construído um banco de dados que servirá não apenas para a pesquisa da tese, mas para outros trabalhos a serem desenvolvidos posteriormente. O estudo desse material permitiu identificar uma trajetória da saúde suplementar marcada por três diferentes tônicas, que tem se desdobrado a partir da cena das grandes transformações mundiais. As conclusões aqui obtidas sobre a trajetória da regulação foram ainda apreciadas, por meio de pesquisa com todos os atuais e antigos dirigentes da ANS. Adiante, foi realizada uma breve análise dos efeitos produzidos por cada uma das tônicas anteriormente descritas, bem como discutidos os principais desafios que se colocam na ordem do dia na agenda da saúde suplementar no Brasil. É interessante destacar que discussão da perspectiva futura da regulação da saúde suplementar no Brasil se dá sobre um pano de fundo de profundas transformações no plano da política e das relações de hegemonia e poder na esfera global. Por fim, o trabalho aqui apresentado tem a finalidade de contribuir para o desenvolvimento do tema e sugerir aperfeiçoamentos de modo a aprimorar o planejamento, a gestão e a regulação da saúde suplementar, buscando relações público-privadas mais harmoniosas e eficientes no tocante à assistência e promoção da saúde.This thesis analyzes the trajectory, challenges and prospects of private health insurance regulation in Brazil in a context of changing of hegemony and relationship between economics and politics. This scenario of economy and political change is the basis for the Brazilian State agenda on health regulation. This work analyzes the worlds economic and political landscape in order to identify its influence on Brazil and on the Brazilian healthcare industry. Based on this framework, we develop a retrospective analysis of the major private health insurance regulatory policies enacted by the Brazilian National Health Agency ANS. In this way, a database was built not only for research thesis, but also for later studies. Subsequent analytical study has identified three different waves in the Brazilian regulation trajectory. Results were, then, checked by all current and former ANS directors. This work, also analyses the effects of those three waves and discusses the main challenges of health insurance regulation agenda in Brazil. It is worth noting that discussions of future regulatory policies in Brazil take place on the grounds of critical changes in policy, power and hegemony over the world. Lastly, this work provides contribution to the development of the theme and suggests enhancements to improve planning, management and regulation of health, seeking more harmonious and efficient public-private relations in the field of disease prevention and health promotion.
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Mascarenhas, Neil Patrick. "Análise de um processo em construção: a regulação da saúde suplementar no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-24102007-133803/.
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Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa composta por análise bibliográfica categorial com foco em reforma do Estado e regulação, por um levantamento da estrutura do mercado e das atas de reunião da Câmara de Saúde Suplementar (CSS) e por entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os principais atores desta câmara, buscando entender posicionamentos e principais pontos em debate, construindo um quadro de referência do setor, visando identificar sucessos e lacunas do processo. A pergunta central é até que ponto a regulação, a partir do modelo de agência adotado no Brasil para o setor de saúde suplementar, não estaria atingindo os objetivos propostos quando da sua criação, ou seja, de defender o interesse público na assistência suplementar à saúde. O mercado de saúde suplementar é composto por 36,9 milhões de beneficiários de planos de saúde em 2006 representando 19,6% da população brasileira. Apesar do seu tamanho e da relação público-privada que permitiu seu desenvolvimento ao longo do século passado ocorreu à margem de um regramento oficial até 1998, com a promulgação das Leis 9.656/98 e 9.961/00, esta última criando a ANS, estendendo o processo de reconfiguração do papel do Estado para o setor de saúde. Entre 01/2000 e 12/2006 a ANS realizou 25 consultas públicas (4,2 consultas ao ano em média), destas 11 trataram de temas financeiros; enquanto questões cadastrais, de definição de produtos e de contratualização foram temas de três consultas cada. Neste mesmo período a ANS emitiu 790 normativos, uma média de 113 normativos por ano. A comparação entre consultas públicas e normativos sugere uma pequena participação externa à agência no processo de regulação. Desde sua criação em 1998 até 09/2006 a CSS se reuniu 44 vezes, considerando presença relativa (ponderada pelo número de convocações) as representações mais presentes foram: prestadores de serviço, medicinas de grupo, seguradoras, reguladores (ANS) e consumidores com 100%. No pólo inverso foram identificados: trabalhadores, governo e gestores com menos de 55% de presença relativa, sugerindo o grau de importância que cada grupo de representação confere à CSS, seja como fórum de debate ou espaço para disseminação de suas posições. Nestas reuniões foram pautados 129 temas, com predominância daqueles ligados a característica e estrutura da regulamentação (35% dos temas), apresentações da ANS (13% das pautas) e programas da ANS (9% dos temas). Temas como a avaliação da ANS pelos atores e discussão quanto a lacunas no processo de regulação, embora pareçam cruciais para a adequação do modelo, foram tratados apenas uma vez cada. Adicionalmente, a elaboração por parte dos atores da CSS de documentos para discussão foi tema em apenas duas das 129 pautas. As entrevistas com os atores da CSS revelam que há consenso quanto a Reforma do Estado ser a origem da regulação via agência, porém discute-se sua autonomia, distanciamento do controle social do SUS, falta de integração com políticas do Ministério da Saúde, interfaces entre os sistemas público e privado, renúncia fiscal, subordinação entre SUS e sistema suplementar, efetividade dos contratos préregulação e participação (ou interferência) do Judiciário no processo. A maioria das xv representações discute saúde suplementar desde o inicio dos anos 90, sofrendo o desgaste em função do longo período de participação e dos resultados aquém dos esperados. A composição heterogênea, não paritária e o caráter consultivo da CSS dificulta a construção do entendimento. A baixa participação de governo, trabalhadores e gestores e a discussão prévia entre ANS e MS dos assuntos relevantes corroboram com a avaliação de baixa produtividade dada à CSS. Há consenso pela busca de sustentabilidade do mercado, mas com divergências quanto às alternativas para atingi-la, com posicionamentos antagônicos quanto a incentivos fiscais, ressarcimento ao SUS, volume de lucro aceitável e metodologia de apuração dos reajustes de preços. Os gargalos apontados pelos atores foram sistemas e recursos humanos, falta de integração entre as diretorias da agência e o volume de normativos, que são apontados como fatores de lentidão e incremento de custos no processo regulatório. Ressaltam ainda a necessidade de maior participação da sociedade e transparência. São reconhecidos poucos sucessos (definição de produtos, direitos e cobertura, saneamento do mercado e programas de qualificação e troca de informação) e diversas lacunas (adequação do marco regulatório, integração interna da ANS, incorporação do prestador de serviços no campo regulado e integração com o SUS). Conclui-se que a regulação em saúde suplementar atingiu uma fase em que nenhum ator está satisfeito, mesmo entendendo ser este um processo em construção e dadas as divergências de interesses e limitações do fórum de discussão, a construção de consensos via CSS é complexa podendo não ocorrer. Adicionalmente, os posicionamentos e lacunas da agência no processo não permitem enxergá-la como efetiva defensora do interesse público em saúde suplementar.This qualitative research is composed by a bibliographical analysis focused on state reform and regulation, the market structure analysis, the Câmara de Saúde Suplementar (CSS) meeting minutes analysis and by semi-structured interviews with CSS actors understanding positioning, discussion points, identifying successes and lacking points of the process. The objectives of this thesis are build a frame of reference for the supplementary health market, through a statistical analysis including analysis of the CSS meeting minutes, of the public consultations and rules issued by ANS; as well as analyzing the impacts of regulation on the several groups of interest represented in the CSS, discussing amplitude and range of regulation and questioning ANS mission achievement, as public interest defender in this market. The Brazilian supplementary health market assists 36.9 million beneficiaries, according to 2006 s data, which represents 19.6% of the population. Despite its size and the public-private relationship which allowed its growth since the beginning of last century, it remained unregulated until 1998. Regulatory activity was undertaken by ANS in 2000, extending State role reconfiguration concept to health field. Between 01/2000 and 12/2006 ANS called 25 public consultations (4.2 per year), from which 11 dealt with financial subjects, while masterfile, product definitions and contractualization were subject of 3 consultations each. During this period ANS issued 790 rules, an average of 113 per year. The comparison between the number of public consultations and of rules issued suggests small external participation. Since its creation in 1998 until 09/2006, CSS held 44 meetings. Considering relative participation, the most present representations were service providers, health maintenance groups, insurers, regulators and consumers with 100% of presence. On the other hand health workers, government and public health managers were present to less than 55% of the meetings, suggesting the relative importance given to CSS by each representation. During these meetings 129 different subjects were discussed. Main topics covered were regulation characteristics and structure (35%), ANS presentations (13%) e ANS programs (9%). Subjects as ANS evaluation and lacking points discussion, despite seeming crucial were dealt only once each. Additionally discussion of documents prepared by CSS actors took place only twice. Interviews seeked for actor s positioning on regulation model, were consensus resides on agency origin from state reform process, but autonomy, distance from SUS social control, lack of integration with Health Ministry policies, public and private systems interfaces, tax relieves, subordination of private system to SUS, effectiveness of preregulation contracts and Justice interference in the process are still points of discussion. The majority of representants have being discussing private health issues since the beginning of the 90s, suffering from the stress of long participation with limited results. The uneven composition and consulting status of the CSS are obstacles towards build understanding. Government s, health workers and public health managers low participation in CSS and pre-meeting discussions of relevant xvii subjects between ANS and MS, induce to a low productivity appraisal of CSS. Pursue sustainability seems to be a consensus, although ways to achieve this are discrepant, varying from definition of new fiscal incentives and reimbursement to SUS policy to definition of admited profit margins. ANS s evaluation by actors indicate botlenecks in IT and human resources, lack of integration within the agency s directorships and the amount of rules issued all of with contribute to increase costs and delay the regulatory process. Transparency and participation on decision processes are also claimed for. Few success examples are identified (product, rights and coverage definition, market clearing and implementation of quality programs) and several lacking points are indicated (adequacy of the regulatory base, internal integration, inclusion of the service providers in the regulated field and integration with SUS). Conclusions indicate that regulation has achieved a stage were none of the actors are satisfied, even recognizing that this is still a process in construction, and given the interest discrepancies between actors and limitations of the discussion arena, build consensus via CSS is complex and may not happen. At the same time, the number of lacking points in the regulation process show the distance for ANS to achieve its mission, and therefore do not allow see ANS as effective public interest defender in this market.
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Lancaster, Jonathan Charles Swinburne. "“Watch-dogs for an Economy” : a determination of the origins of the South African Public Accountants' and Auditors' Board – as the Regulator of the Profession – principally through an analysis of the debates and related reports to the House of Assembly of the Parliament of the Union of South Africa in the period 1913–1940." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020876.
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This thesis concentrates upon a new field of research in South African accounting scholarship – this being, in general terms, accounting history and more specifically an analysis of the origins of the Public Accountants’ and Auditors’ Board as watch-dog in relation to: ● the South African economy in the period 1913–1940; and ● the changing political framework (also in the period 1913–1940). The integration of economy, politics and personal ambition on the part of early 20th Century accounting societies, led to a variety of responses, counter proposals, stalemates and unfocused activity which caused the process of accountants’ registration to extend over 38 years in South Africa. This confusion was in strong contrast to the process of speedy registration of accountants in New Zealand and Australia. The final unification of South African accounting societies in 1951 created the Public Accountants’ and Auditors’ Board. Its creation, at long last, suggested an overarching control and regulation which was mirrored in the final political unification and economic stability of a South Africa dominated by Afrikaner Nationalists. One further element was interwoven into the fabric of the thesis – this being the application of institutional economic theory and its impact upon the accounting concepts of “material irregularity” and “reportable irregularity”.
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Costa, Filipe Santos Fernandes da. "Regular a globalização: a reforma do sistema internacional para a promoção do desenvolvimento." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/688.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalA realidade demonstra que as actuais instituições internacionais não foram capazes de promover convenientemente o desenvolvimento sustentável internacional ou assegurar as condições de segurança que o permita. Para reorientar o Sistema Internacional para a promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável internacional é necessária uma profunda revisão da sua arquitectura e funcionamento, no sentido de criar uma verdadeira governança democrática global; uma reforma capacitadora da ONU, que lhe confira um papel centralizador do Sistema Internacional e a transforme no efectivo instrumento de promoção da segurança e desenvolvimento planetários.
Reality shows that current international institutions have failed to properly promote international sustainable development, or guarantee the enabling security environment. In order to redirect the International System to the promotion of international sustainable development an in-depth revision of its architecture and functioning is necessary, as to create a truly democratic global governance. A reform that will enable the UN, granting it a centralizing role in the International System and making it the effective instrument for the promotion of planetary security and development.
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Шкарупа, Олена Василівна, Елена Васильевна Шкарупа, and Olena Vasylivna Shkarupa. "Методологічні засади державного регулювання екологічної модернізації національної економіки." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67873.
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У дисертації визначено сутність екологічної модернізації національної економіки, обґрунтовано концептуальні засади системи її державного регулювання, визначено сутність нішевих екомодернізацій, запропоновано їх типологію, обґрунтовано специфічні принципи державного регулювання екологічної модернізації національної економіки, розроблено методологічне підґрунтя вибору його релевантних каналів, обумовлених рівнем інноваційної активності в країні та розвитку підприємницького середовища, а також оцінювання ефективності реалізації регуляторних заходів як через окремі канали, так і в цілому в національному господарстві на основі принципу розширеної координації, розроблено моделі прогнозування динаміки екоінноваційної активності підприємств у національній економіці в цілому та за окремими галузями, а також динаміки макроекономічних зрушень залежно від ефективності державного регулювання екологічної модернізації національної економіки, її ресурсної підтримки з боку держави та якості «зеленого» зростання.В диссертации определена сущность экологической модернизации национальной экономики, обоснованы концептуальные основы системы ее государственного регулирования, определена сущность нишевых экомодернизаций, предложена их типология, обоснованы специфические принципы государственного регулирования экологической модернизации национальной экономики, разработаны методологические основания выбора его релевантных каналов, обусловленных уровнем инновационной активности в стране и развития предпринимательской среды, а также оценки эффективности реализации регуляторных мер как через отдельные каналы, так и в целом по национальному хозяйству на основе принципа расширенной координации, разработаны модели прогнозирования динамики экоинновационной активности предприятий в национальной экономике в целом и по отдельным отраслям, а также динамики макроэкономических изменений в зависимости от эффективности государственного регулирования экологической модернизации национальной экономики, ее ресурсной поддержки со стороны государства и качества «зеленого» роста.
The thesis determines the essence of ecological modernization of the national economy. The author's interpretation of the essence of the ecological modernization of the national economy (as a process of managed trust economic and institutional innovations at sectoral and regional levels of management of the national economy aimed at growth of the quality and quantity of niche of eco-upgrades to improve the economic potential of the national economy) made it possible to substantiate the specific principles of the government regulation of ecological modernization of the national economy, taking into account its peculiarities from the point of view of government regulation (network centricity, conjunction, enhanced coordination, inclusion) and prove that the scaling of niche eco-modernization, their geographical and sectoral diversification are the catalysts for the growth of the national economy. The conceptual bases of the system of its government regulation are substantiated. The subject matter of niche eco-modernizations is determined, also as their typology is suggested. Specific principles are grounded for government regulation of ecological modernization of the national economy and its relevant channels, which are conditioned by the level of innovative activity in the country and the development of the business environment, as well as for the evaluation of effective implementation of regulatory measures both through separate channels and in general on the national economy on the basis of the principle of expanded coordination. The author worked out models for predicting the dynamics of the eco-innovation activity of enterprises of the national economy in general and in certain sectors, as well as the dynamics of macroeconomic changes depending on the effectiveness of government regulation of environmental modernization of the national economy, its resource support from the government and the quality of "green" growth. The developed models predict the dynamics of economizing activity of enterprises in the national economy as a whole and for individual sectors, which take into account as the forecasts of growth in the share of enterprises that implement innovations and niche eco-modern as a whole and for individual regions of Ukraine, and forecasts of business activity in the field of ecological modernization, depending on their reactions to the use of various types of measures of government regulation of ecological modernization of the national economy ("instant" is "flowing" and "long-term"-complexes), what is the basis for the formation of integrated programs and strategies for the management of the national economy. It is proved that the dynamics of macroeconomic developments depends on the efficiency of government regulation of ecological modernization of the national economy, its resource support from the government and quality of the green growth of the national economy as a whole. In this paper, we construct optimistic and pessimistic forecast scenarios of the dynamics of Ukraine's GDP, depending on the presence and absence of processes of ecological modernization of the national economy, the efficiency of its government regulation and the level of involvement of various stakeholders into the process of investment support for ecological modernization of the national economy. Practical directions and innovative content notes suggested by the author the holistic approach to government regulation of ecological modernization of economy of Ukraine, which through a combination of structural, functional and teleological approaches to shape economic, organizational, and managerial solutions to streamline and diversify the mechanisms of the regulatory influences on the development of the national economy. The main provisions of the thesis brought to the level of methodological developments and practical recommendations, which can be used by relevant ministries, with the improvement of existing mechanisms of government regulation of ecological modernization of the national economy.
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Шикіна, Н. А., Н. А. Шикина, and N. Shykina. "Інфляція в Україні та шляхи її стримування." Diss., Одеський державний економічний університет, 2004. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/3770.
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Робота присвячена проблемам теоретичного обгрунтування та практичного уможливлення визначення шляхів стримання інфляційних процесів в Україні. В дисертації викладено та узагальнено теоретичні положеня щодо історичної природи та об’єктивно-суб’єктивної обумовленості інфляції як явища; за допомогою методу парних кореляцій виявлено економічні фактори, які перебувають у значній прямо- або оберненопропорційній залежності з рівнем інфляції та можуть його відповідно посилювати або стримувати; встановлено та визначено сутність, місце і роль якісно- та кількісно-монетарних факторів на шляху стримання інфляційних процесів; з’ясовано і обгрунтовано психологію попиту на гроші з боку суб’єктів фінансових відносин, яка з одного боку обумовлюється соціально-економічним станом у країні, а з іншого – філософією буття громадян у соціумі. Визначено особливості протікання інфляційних процесів в Україні у довго- та короткостроковому періодах. Доведено існування економічних факторів, які, не перебуваючи з рівнем інфляції у безпосередньому кореляційному зв’язку, не втрачають своєї актуальності щодо проблеми стримування інфляційних процесів, бо саме вони створюють умови для їх посилення. До них належать в першу чергу наявність бюджетного дефіциту, зовнішнього та внутрішнього боргу, великі обсяги імпорту та інші. Особливої уваги заслуговують інстуціональні та соціальні фактори, які безпосередньо впливають на темпи росту споживчих цін та закладають фундамент інфляційних процесів у майбутньому. Запрваджено коефіцієнт інфляційного навантаження КІН(ІСЦ, Fn)період як коефіцієнт кореляції між індексом споживчих цін та аналізуємим економічним чинником за певний період, який відображує існуючий статистичний зв’язок, або його відсутність, між ними за певний період часу, та запропоновано реальні шляхи стримання інфляційних процесів в Україні. Запропоновано антиінфляційну модель державного регулювання в Україні, основна ідея якої полягає в тому, що кожна її одиниця (держава, Національний банк, економічні та фінансові інституції) має бути максимально незалежна від „корисних” інтересів інших та виконувати свої безпосередні функції, спрямовані на побудову економічно розвинутої, соціально захищеної та політично безпечної держави. Дано визначення інфляції, відповідно до якого інфляція є об’єктивним процесом, основу якого складає надлишковий попит на гроші з боку всіх суб’єктів фінансових відносин, який у свою чергу обумовлюється сукупністю економічних, монетарних, фіскальних, інституціональних та соціальних факторів. Запропоновано класифікацію зазначених факторів, які мають безпосередній вплив на характер протікання інфляційних процесів. Запропоновано етапи та механізм запровадження інфляційногго таргетування як один із можливих варіантів досягнення макроекономічної стабільності в Україні.Работа посвящена проблемам теоретического обоснования и практической возможности определения путей сдерживания инфляционных процессов в Украине. В диссертации представлены и обобщены теоретические положения относительно исторической природы объективно-субъективной обусловленности инфляции как явления; с помощью метода парных корреляций выявлены экономические факторы, которые находятся в существенной прямо- или обратно-пропорциональной зависимости с уровнем инфляции и могут его соответственно усиливать или сдерживать; выявлены и определены сущность, место и роль качественно- и количественно-монетарных факторов на пути сдерживания инфляционных процессов; выяснена и обоснована психология спроса на деньги со стороны субъектов финансовых отношений, которая с одной стороны обусловлена социально-экономическим положением в стране, а с другой – психологией бытия граждан в социуме. Внедрен коэффициент инфляционной нагрузки КИН(ІСЦ, Fn)период как коэффициент корреляции между индексом потребительских цен и анализируемым экономическим фактором за определенный период, который отображает существующую статистическую связь, либо ее отсутствие, за определенный период времени и предложены реальные пути сдерживания инфляционных процессов в Украине. Предложены: антиинфляционная модель государственного управления в Украине; классификация факторов, которые имеют непосредственное влияние на характер протекания инфляционных процессов; этапы и механизм внедрения инфляционного таргетирования в Украине.
The research is devoted to problems of theoretical basis and possibilities of finding ways of restraining inflation processes in Ukraine. The thesis presents and generalized of the theoretical provisions, concerning the historical nature of the objective and subjective conditionality of the inflation as a phenomenon; using the method of pair correlations we have determined the economical factors that are in considerable direst and indirect proportional relation to the level of inflation and can either promote it or restrain; we have determined the essence place, and ro1e of the quantitative and qualitative monetary factors in the process of inflation restraining; the psychology of demand for money by the subject of economic activity has been established: this psychology, on the one hand is stipulated by the social-economic situation in the country and, on the other hand, by the psychology of the citizen in the society. The inflation load coefficient KIN (CPI, Fn) period has been introduced. This shows the relation between the consumer price index and the analyzed economical factor for the given period, which reflects the presence or absence of a statistical link for the specific period of time; besides, the real methods to restrain the inflation processes in Ukraine have been proposed. The proposed methods are as follows: anti-inflationary model of state management in Ukraine; classification of factors that directly influence the character of inflation processes; the stages and mechanisms of introducing of inflation targeting in Ukraine.
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Олюха, Віталій Георгійович, Виталий Георгиевич Олюха, and Vitalii G. Olyukha. "Господарсько-правові засоби оптимізації капітального будівництва у сучасній Україні." Thesis, Одеса, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11300/1967.
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Олюха В. Г. Господарсько-правові засоби оптимізації капітального будівництва у сучасній Україні : дис. ... д.ю.н. : 12.00.04 / Олюха Віталій Георгійович. - Одеса, 2015. - 470 арк.Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню актуальних теоретичних і практичних проблем використання господарсько–правових засобів для оптимізації капітального будівництва з метою стимулювання сталого розвитку будівельної галузі в Україні у сучасних умовах. Визначаються загальнонаукові підходи до розуміння категорії «капітальне будівництво». Визначено ціннісні елементи господарсько-правової методології для розробки комплексних заходів оптимізації капітального будівництва. Пропонується поняття «оптимізація капітального будівництва» у контексті проведення державою будівельної політики. Розкриваються завдання господарсько-правової оптимізації капітального будівництва на сучасному етапі та у стратегічній перспективі, пропонуються критерії її ефективності. Окреслено напрями імплементації положень Угоди про асоціацію з ЄС у господарське законодавство щодо капітального будівництва. Розглянуто господарсько-правові засоби оптимізації капітального будівництва та надано поняття випереджальної забудови, доведено необхідність використання довгострокових взаємоузгоджених планів територіального розвитку всіх рівнів та державних програм розвитку будівельної галузі. Запропоновано виокремлення підгалузі господарського права – містобудівне право.
В диссертации исследуются проблемы хозяйственно-правового стимулирования устойчивого развития капитального строительства в современной Украине в рамках строительной экономической политики, раскрываются актуальные теоретические и практические аспекты использования хозяйственно-правовых средств для решения этой задачи государством. Определены ценностные элементы хозяйственно-правовой методологии для разработки комплексных мероприятий оптимизации капитального строительства. Предлагается понятие «оптимизация капитального строительства». Раскрываются задачи хозяйственно-правовой оптимизации капитального строительства на современном этапе развития и в стратегической перспективе, предлагается применение системы критериев эффективности проводимой государством хозяйственно-правовой оптимизации капитального строительства. Проанализировано историческое развитие капитального строительства и градостроительства на территории Украины. Исходя из современных научных взглядов, усовершенствовано понятие природы капитального строительства, рассмотрены его основные формы, определено его место в градостроительной деятельности, предложены направления совершенствования его правового регулирования. Подвергается критике выдвинутые в последнее время в отечественной науке предложения по отказу от использования термина «капитальное строительство» в законодательстве и научном обороте. Акцентируется необходимость надлежащего правового обеспечения стратегического территориального развития страны, что позволит развивать капитальное строительство на системной основе. Обосновывается, что градостроительное право является подотраслью хозяйственного права. Исследуются хозяйственно-правовые средства, необходимые для обеспечения устойчивого развития капитального строительства. Предложено применение взаимосвязанной системы государственных программ развития капитального строительства как основы для применения других хозяйственно-правовых средств. Рассматриваются хозяйственно-правовые средства, обеспечивающие привлечение инвестиций в капитальное строительство: государственно-частное партнёрство, информационная поддержка, реконструкция территорий, государственные закупки, лизинг строительного оборудования. Как наиболее перспективный способ оптимизации капитального строительства рассматриваются реконструкция территорий и предлагаемая диссертантом категория – опережающая застройка. Доказана необходимость сохранения разрешительных процедур в строительстве с одновременным их упрощением. Очерчены направления имплементации положений Соглашения об ассоциации Украины и ЕС в хозяйственном законодательстве о капитальном строительстве. В качестве способа, обеспечивающего снижение транзакционных издержек в строительной деятельности, рассматривается совершенствование норм о капитальном строительстве в Хозяйственном кодексе Украины, в частности закрепление существенных условий договора подряда о капитальном строительстве только в Хозяйственном кодексе Украины, с сокращением их числа, устранение противоречий норм о подрядных отношениях, содержащихся в Хозяйственном кодексе Украины и Гражданском кодексе Украины, гармонизация отечественных нормативно-технических норм и европейских. Раскрыт оптимизационный потенциал хозяйственно-правовых договоров аутсорсинга и аутстаффинга.
The thesis is devoted to research of current theoretical and practical problems of using economic and legal means to optimize the capital construction to promote the sustainable development of the construction industry in Ukraine today. The general scientific approaches to understanding the category of «capital construction» were determined. Valuable elements of economic and legal methodology for the development of comprehensive measures to optimize the capital construction have been outlined. Article gives the definition of the concept «optimization of capital construction» in the context of state-building policy. The economic and legal problems of optimization of capital construction at present and in the long term have been revealed. It was proposed criteria of its effectiveness. Direction of implementation of the provisions of the Association Agreement with the EU in economic legislation on capital construction has been identified. The economic and legal means of optimizing of capital construction have been considered and the concept of outstripping construction has been allocated, the need for long-term mutually territorial development plans at all levels of government programs and the construction industry has been proved. It is proposed allocation of sub-sector of economic rights – Urban planning law.
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Garcia, Maria E. "Governing Gambling in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/3.
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The role risk taking has played in American history has helped shape current legislation concerning gambling. This thesis attempts to explain the discrepancies in legislation regarding distinct forms of gambling. While casinos are heavily regulated by state and federal laws, most statutes dealing with lotteries strive to regulate the activities of other parties instead of those of the lottery institutions. Incidentally, lotteries are the only form of gambling completely managed by the government. It can be inferred that the United States government is more concerned with people exploiting gambling than with the actual practice of wagering.
In an effort to more fully understand the gambling debate, whether it should be allowed or banned, I examined different types of sources. Historical sources demonstrate how ingrained in American culture risk taking, the core of gambling, has been since the formation of this nation. Sources dealing with the economic implications of gambling were also studied. Additionally, sources dealings with the political and legal aspects of gambling were essential for this thesis. Legislature has tried to reconcile distinct problems associated with gambling, including corruption. For this reason sports gambling scandals and Mafia connections to gambling have also been examined.
The American government has created much needed legislature to address different concerns relating to gambling. It is apparent that statutes will continue to be passed to help regulate the gambling industry. A possible consideration is the legalization of sports wagering to better regulate that sector of the industry.
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Peck, Mikaere Michelle S. "Summerhill school is it possible in Aotearoa ??????? New Zealand ???????: Challenging the neo-liberal ideologies in our hegemonic schooling system." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2794.
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The original purpose of this thesis is to explore the possibility of setting up a school in Aotearoa (New Zealand) that operates according to the principles and philosophies of Summerhill School in Suffolk, England. An examination of Summerhill School is therefore the purpose of this study, particularly because of its commitment to self-regulation and direct democracy for children. My argument within this study is that Summerhill presents precisely the type of model Māori as Tangata Whenua (Indigenous people of Aotearoa) need in our design of an alternative schooling programme, given that self-regulation and direct democracy are traits conducive to achieving Tino Rangitiratanga (Self-government, autonomy and control). In claiming this however, not only would Tangata Whenua benefit from this model of schooling; indeed it has the potential to serve the purpose of all people regardless of age race or gender. At present, no school in Aotearoa has replicated Summerhill's principles and philosophies in their entirety. Given the constraints of a Master's thesis, this piece of work is therefore only intended as a theoretical background study for a much larger kaupapa (purpose). It is my intention to produce a further and more comprehensive study in the future using Summerhill as a vehicle to initiate a model school in Aotearoa that is completely antithetical to the dominant neo-liberal philosophy of our age. To this end, my study intends to demonstrate how neo-liberal schooling is universally dictated by global money market trends, and how it is an ideology fueled by the indifferent acceptance of the general population. In other words, neo-liberal theory is a theory of capitalist colonisation. In order to address the long term vision, this project will be comprised of two major components. The first will be a study of the principal philosophies that govern Summerhill School. As I will argue, Summerhill creates an environment that is uniquely successful and fulfilling for the children who attend. At the same time, it will also be shown how it is a philosophy that is entirely contrary to a neo-liberal 3 mindset; an antidote, to a certain extent, to the ills of contemporary schooling. The second component will address the historical movement of schooling in Aotearoa since the Labour Party's landslide victory in 1984, and how the New Zealand Curriculum has been affected by these changes. I intend to trace the importation of neo-liberal methodologies into Aotearoa such as the 'Picot Taskforce,' 'Tomorrows Schools' and 'Bulk Funding,' to name but a few. The neo-liberal ideologies that have swept through this country in the last two decades have relentlessly metamorphosised departments into businesses and forced ministries into the marketplace, hence causing the 'ideological reduction of education' and confining it to the parameters of schooling. The purpose of this research project is to act as a catalyst for the ultimate materialization of an original vision; the implementation of a school like Summerhill in Aotearoa. A study of the neo-liberal ideologies that currently dominate this country is imperative in order to understand the current schooling situation in Aotearoa and create an informed comparison between the 'learning for freedom' style of Summerhill and the 'learning to earn' style of our status quo schools. It is my hope to strengthen the argument in favour of Summerhill philosophy by offering an understanding of the difference between the two completely opposing methods of learning.
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Ando, Sakai. "Essays on Misallocation and Firm Regulations." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D87S94SH.
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This dissertation is a collection of three essays on misallocation and firm regulations. The first chapter investigates how size-dependent firm regulation policies can mitigate misallocation. The second chapter uses the same framework as the first to explore the intuition of a theoretically more subtle concept of misallocation. The third chapter analyzes a more specific firm regulation that targets at financial dealers.
In chapter 1, I study the welfare implications of size-dependent firm regulation policies (SDPs) in the presence of entrepreneurial risks. Although SDP has been considered a source of misallocation, I show that, once entrepreneurial risks are taken into account, SDP might improve efficiency. Quantitatively, I show that, based on French data, removing the SDP leads to output and welfare loss by 1.5% and 1.3%, respectively, in opposition to the output gain reported by the previous literature that abstracts from risks. Qualitatively, I solve an optimal non-linear SDP problem and show that the observed SDP shares certain features with the optimal SDP. The analysis uncovers a novel trade-off between the inefficiencies of the intensive and extensive margins. In extension, it is shown that (1) whether SDPs improve efficiency depends on the level of financial development and (2) capital accumulation and consumption-smoothing motive further justify SDPs.
In chapter 2, which is a joint work with Misaki Matsumura, we use the same competitive entrepreneurship model to investigate the economic intuition of constrained inefficiency caused by uninsurable risks. Although the constrained efficiency of various models has been studied in the literature, the economic intuition of why the constrained planner's intervention yields an improvement is usually not available. The competitive entrepreneurship model is particularly suitable for seeing the logic of constrained inefficiency since the structure of the market equilibrium is characterized by the indifference condition instead of the marginal condition. To illustrate this point, we contrast the competitive entrepreneurship model with simple versions of the Aiyagari model and the Krebs model.
In chapter 3, which is also a joint work with Misaki Matsumura, we build a general equilibrium model to analyze the impact of the Volcker rule, a dealer regulation imposed after the financial crisis, on price quality (informativeness and volatility) and its implications on the welfare of market participants. We argue that although price informativeness, volatility and the dealer's profitability all deteriorate, against conventional wisdom, other market participants are better off due to the dealer's risk-shifting motive. A static model is used to clarify the main intuition, and the robustness of the welfare results as well as the fragility of the conventional wisdom about price quality are discussed by incorporating dynamics and endogenizing information acquisition.
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Wu, Ya-Lun, and 吳亞倫. "Government Governance in Response to Digital Economic Trends: Taking EU Level Regulations as an Example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4va54e.
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碩士淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
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Through the invention of the Internet and the introduction of digital devices, digital economy can be described as pervasive in our lives. At the same time, it also extends the issue of public issues and interferes with individual rights. Since the European Union (EU) is one of the world''s most advanced economies in the formulation of a series of digital policies, the research is based on the “Digital Single Market” launched by the EU in 2015 as the main research object of government governance in digital economic policy. In order to achieve the purposes of the research, it is used by the document analysis to examine the content of the seven European digital economic policies. The seven goals of the EU Digital Single Market include e-commerce, cybersecurity, ePrivacy, connectivity for a European gigabit society, data economy, copyright, and audiovisual rules. According to the results of the research, it is found as follows: First, in e-commerce, the EU has made clearer regulations on online interface, geo-discrimination, parcel delivery costs, national tariffs and consumer protection. Second, the controller is collecting, processing or using EU citizen information or data. Or through digital technology that may change the traditional structure of rights and interests, establishes a series of rigorous regulations analyzed from ePrivacy, data economy, copyright and audiovisual rules. Third, in the cybersecurity and connectivity for a European gigabit society, it is observed that the EU has a standard operating procedure for digital network threats and how to improve the development of the internal network. Finally, the researchers summarized the conclusions and proposed that the Digital Single Market in the EU can be inspired by the Taiwan authorities in formulating relevant policies used as a revelation for follow-up researchers.
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Bárbara, Diogo Palpista. "The impact of regulation on economic growth: comparative analysis across countries and sectors." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21463.
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This research intends to understand the relationship between regulation and economic growth, estimating the impact of the institutions’ behaviors, market regulation and of the utilities' sectors on economic growth. With this objective, it was applied both fixed-effects and the two-step Arellano and Bond methodologies on a sample of 28 OECD countries between 1998-2017. The analysis is extended to subgroups, such as non-European countries, South and East European countries and the core European countries. The results suggest that the behavior of institutions and the market regulation are positively correlated with economic growth. When divided into groups of countries, the capacity of these institutions prevails in the non-European countries. While in the European countries the market regulation is the one which prevails. At the sectors level, the transport regulation and the financial regulation is positively related with economic growth. In the sample division the results are disperse through the different groups. Once regarded these results, the policymakers should take into account the importance of regulation and institutions capacity to shape the economy.Esta investigação pretende compreender a relação entre a regulação e o crescimento económico, estimando o impacto do comportamento das instituições, da regulação de mercado e de sectores das utilidades no crescimento económico. Para isto recorreu-se ao método de "fixed-effects" e Arellano and Bond em dois estágios, com uma amostra de 28 países da OCDE no período de 1998-2017. A análise também é realizada para subgrupos, tais como países não europeus, países do sul e este europeus e países "core" europeus. Os resultados sugerem que o comportamento das instituições e a regulação de mercado estão relacionados positivamente com o crescimento económico. Quando se divide por grupos de países, a capacidade das instituições prevalece nos países não europeus. Enquanto que nos países europeu a regulação de mercado prevalece. A nível de sectores, a regulação dos transportes e financeira está relacionada positivamente com o crescimento económico. Na divisão da amostra os resultados dispersão pelos diferentes grupos de países. Considerando estes resultados os decisores devem ter em conta a importância da regulação e da capacidade das instituições para moldarem a economia.
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Mabitsela, Phuti William. "Regulating informal trading in local government : the case of Polokwane Local Municipality." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1977.
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The study focuses on the regulation of informal trading, specifically street traders, within Polokwane Local Municipality. Municipalities required to manage street trading, and to deal with the challenge of increasing numbers of informal traders, which is affecting the formal trading economy.
A small income and the limited ability of the government and the formal business sector to provide sufficient employment opportunities to people in the economically active age categories are two of the main reasons for informal trading in South African cities. As a result, the informal street trading sector plays an important role in providing a security net for millions of unemployed in the South African economy. However, informal street trading is not without its problems (Willemse, 2011:7). Often people blame government for not creating employment. When government is unable to provide sustainable employment to all the people, informal jobs emerge. Thus informal trading has become the only option for survival. Informal trading is a major source of income for the majority of the urban poor and therefore requires a properly regulated environment to address issues of income and unemployment for the poor.
This study undertook to investigate how Polokwane Local Municipality regulates informal trading in the city of Polokwane. The research method employed in this study is qualitative. The main finding of the study is that because informal trading plays a significant role in creating employment, it must be well regulated and supported by the municipality in order to be organised. The main recommendation on the basis of this finding is that there should be a new approach, especially in terms of enforcement of by-laws. Most informal traders have applied for permits and have been waiting for a response from the Polokwane Local Municipality for years. In this regard, most of the informal traders are dissatisfied with municipal treatment of informal trading in the city. This dissatisfaction is also caused by lack of consultation.
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Tsoeu, Seroala Rose. "Street traders, regulation and development in the eThekwini Unicity : an assessment of the new informal economy policy." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4543.
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This research paper looks at the issues that arise when implementing the
regulatory regime governing street trading in the city of Durban. It does
three things. First, it provides a comprehensive overview of the context of
the street trading policy environment, in an attempt to set out the various
discourses surrounding street trading regulation in the eThekwini municipal
area from colonial times till the present.
Second, the paper looks at the institutional profile of street trading and
related issues within the operations of the city bureaucracy as part of the
argument that its structural location determines, the attention and support
that the sector gets. Consideration of related institutional variables such as
location, budgeting, management strategy, and human resources revealed
that the paradigm shift proposed by informal economy policy has occurred
to some extent. However there are views that the organizational logic and
culture of the municipality undermines speedy problem-solving
mechanisms.
Third, the paper explores issues that have to do with the impact of the
changing regulation and institutional environment on the operations and
livelihoods of street traders. Regulation is operationalised as registration,
spatial allocation, enforcement and system capacity. The related experience
of the regulatory regime suggests that implementation remains a problem in
transforming a progressive policy intention.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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Desharnais, Craig. "The Pacific halibut fishery : success and failure under regulation, 1930-1960: the Canadian experience." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11684.
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At the 1996 World Fisheries Congress, Donald A. McCaughran declared seventyfive
years of regulatory success for the International Pacific Halibut Commission. The
Commission's mandate was to reverse the precipitous decline in halibut stocks that had
become apparent in the 1910's, and save this fishery from economic extinction. The
biologists and fishermen who sat on the Commission assumed that the appropriate
biological target was the one that yielded the maximum sustainable harvest. Using a
bioeconomic model of the fishery and regression analysis, I argue the Commission's use
of global quotas to achieve its biological goal of maximum sustained yield was most
certainly an economic failure. I also argue its policies were very likely a biological
failure, as well. While arguably accomplishing its biological goal of the maximum
sustainable yield in 1960, dynamic bioeconomic theory indicates their policies probably
destabilized the biological fishery. The paper will first sketch the historical background
of the industry. Then the regulatory history will be discussed. Then the economic
literature will be reviewed as it applies to the Pacific halibut industry. Finally, the
historical data will be examined and the proposition that the regulatory management of
the halibut fishery was a success will be tested. The period 1928 to 1960 is covered as it
provides both reliable data and a continuous period of regulation, at the end of which the
biological goal of maximum sustainable yields was apparently achieved. In conclusion, I
find that statistically the fishermen were insensitive to the direct effects of the quota and
the total quantity of fish available, and instead responded to the quota's indirect effects
on the fishermen's costs, which induced the inflow of greater fishing capital than
otherwise would have occurred.
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Katiyar, Aayush Amod. "Equity research report on Ford motor company : looking for a ´charger´." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/122855.
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There is no doubt that the Electric vehicle is the future of the auto mobile industry and it has become a matter of survival for automobile industry if they don’t delve into the Electric vehicle segment in the next 10 years. Hence it the current and future outlook of the Electric vehicle segment for any automotive company forms and important component for any company, especially for huge traditional OEMs like Ford who are dependent on Internal combustion vehicles are struggling to make the shift. I have dissected the curious case of Ford lacking a clear strategy for the EV segment despite been an innovation leader in this industry for more than 100 years. I have identified the possible reasons of Ford’s murky strategy and how it would it evolve in future and how did it impact when forecasting the value of the company for the next 5 years. Lastly, I valued Ford as Equity as an option and EV/EBITA multiple.
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Agarwal, Aditya. "Equity research report on ford motor company: running out of ´gas´?" Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/122856.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the secular trend of electrification slowly taking over the automotive industry, almost all of Ford Motor Co’s revenues come from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Specifically, they are one of the market leaders in pick-up trucks and SUVs in the U.S. and in commercial vehicles in the E.U., and together, these 2 regions account for almost 90% of the firm’s revenue, with the rest being split developing markets such as Asia, South America, and Middle East & Africa. In this report, I will examine the current dynamics of the ICE vehicle market and how they may develop going forward, and the impact it could have on Ford and its development. The underlying theme here is that despite the increased pace at which government regulations and consequently customer preferences are evolving in its biggest markets, the alignment of Ford’s current strategy with the prevailing market conditions will ensure that its short- and medium-term performance will not suffer too much despite the increased competition posed by the electrification headwind. Also, depending on how the newly christened management plays its cards, Ford could remain reasonably competitive even in the long-term.
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Коваль, Г. Ю. "Державне регулювання інвестиційної діяльності." Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/9906.
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Кваліфікаційна робота магістра складається з трьох розділів. Об’єкт дослідження – процес обґрунтування доцільності державного регулювання інвестиційної діяльності в Україні.
У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти державного регулювання інвестиційної діяльності в Україні та світі.
Проаналізовано сучасний стан державної інвестиційної політики, фактори, що на неї впливають, а також оцінено динаміку показників державного регулювання інвестиційної діяльності.
Запропоновано напрями реформування державної інвестиційної політики в Україні для створення умов покращення інвестиційного середовища країни та забезпечення її економічного розвитку.The work deals with the theoretical aspects of the government regulation of investment activity in Ukraine and in the world. Author analysis the present situation of the government investment policy and influence factors, the dynamics of indicators of the government regulation of investment activity is estimated. The directions of the reforming Ukraine`s government investment policy are proposed to create conditions for improving the investment environment of the country and to ensure its economic development.
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KAMENICKÁ, Nikola. "Činnost orgánů samosprávy a návrh metodického postupu při řešení narušení dodávek potravin." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-119481.
Full textAbstract:
The theme of my thesis was published with the title of local government activities and a proposal of the methodological approach in dealing with the disruption of food supplies. The objective of my thesis was to outline the local government and also to focus on its activities. It also describes the basic principles of emergency planning as part of preparatory measures for dealing with crisis situations, including crisis situations with the disruption of food supplies with large-scale consequences. My thesis also contains a general overview of the economic measures for crisis situations, which includes regulatory measures. The regulatory measures are a central subject of my thesis research. The objective of my thesis was to create a proposal of the methodological approach in dealing with the disruption of food supplies. A presumptive hypothesis was subsequently formed for this objective. This thesis is classified as a theoretical type of qualifying work. This type of thesis is accompanied by a formative evaluation as a minimum. An essential basis for the work on this thesis was a relevant and rich source base. This platform was used for performing a comparison of published literary sources, current legislation, methodological proposals and procedures related to this issue. Based on analytical and critical approach, the data acquired was assessed and processed into a draft methodological guide. The draft methodological approach in dealing with the disruption of food supplies consists of two basic parts. The methodological guide is intended for local authorities that can use it in their planning documents for dealing with emergencies and crisis situations. The proposed methodology should help local governments in dealing with crisis situations with food supply disruptions and simplify orientation in the issue of economic measures for crisis situations, which include regulatory measures. It would be suitable to inform local authorities about the issue of economic measures for crisis situations, focusing on regulatory measures concerning the solutions to crisis situations with food supply disruptions with large-scale consequences, through training and professional seminars on the issue.
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Khosa, Miyelani. "The interplay of sector regulators and competition authorities in regulating competition in telecomunications : the south African case." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3576.
Full textAbstract:
The privatisation and liberalisation of telecommunications throughout the
world has resulted in the growing involvement of competition authorities in
telecommunications regulation, alongside telecommunications sector-specific
regulators. The existence of both sector specific rules and competition rules has brought
about a critical institutional challenge. The increased role of competition authorities in
the telecommunications sector raises the issue of inconsistent jurisdiction in the sector.
Conflicts are therefore inevitable in the absence of clear delineation of jurisdiction. The
South African model for regulation in the telecommunications sector entails a sharing of
jurisdiction between the sector-specific regulator, the Independent Communications
Authority of South Africa (ICASA), and the competition-wide regulator, the Competition
Commission. The study thus determines the interplay between the Competition
Commission and ICASA as well as the competitiveness of South African
telecommunications.Communication Science
M.A. (International Communication))
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Tambe, Dede Kelly. "The Impact of the Regulatory Environment on the Growth of the Small Business Sector in Polokwane, South Africa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1589.
Full textAbstract:
MComDepartment of Business Management
Government regulations are needed to achieve a range of economic and social objectives which are beneficial to the nation as a whole. However, many countries experience problems with their regulatory systems as they invariably impose costs on businesses. In South Africa, it comes in the form of red tape, high taxes, labour laws and corruption. This places various regulatory burdens including compliance, administrative costs and other costs that may adversely influence firms’ productivity and frustrate their overall business performance and growth, particularly the small business sector. Given this sector’s indisputable contribution towards the overall economic health of the nation, it is important to address its concerns regarding the issue of the regulatory environment and government policy, in order to initiate corrective action and introduce regulatory reforms. Again, it is important to point out that not all businesses within the small business sector suffer under the weight of regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which South Africa’s regulatory environment curtails the growth of the small business sector as well as determine whether the different categories of firms within the Small Business Sector (micro, very small, small or medium) bears different regulatory burdens. This study was carried out in Polokwane, Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. To address the research problem, the positivist paradigm was used. The study used the mixed research method and the descriptive research design. The stratified sampling technique was used to determine various characteristics of the study population, while the convenience sampling technique was used due to constraints in reaching everyone in the population. The aim was therefore to find a representative sample of that population. Thus, to ensure that the population was representative, a sample size of 121 participants was derived using the Raosoft sample size calculator as well as other criteria. Questionnaires were utilised as the data collection tool and the collected data were analysed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and Kruskal Wallis were also used to analyse the collected data. Results indicate that to a certain extent, the regulatory environment influences the small business sector negatively. On the other hand, the efforts and skills of the business owner influence their success and ability to remain in business, thus influencing the growth of the sector. The results also show that different categories of businesses within the small business sector bear different burdens, owing to certain characteristics they are defined by.
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