Journal articles: 'Government presence'

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Yildiz, Mete, Nihan Ocak, Caglar Yildirim, Kursat Cagiltay, and Cenay Babaoglu. "Usability in Local E-Government." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 3, no. 1 (January 2016): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2016010104.

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Social media use is on the rise throughout the world. Influenced by this trend, governments of all levels and sizes are establishing their social media (like Facebook) presence due to the communication and interaction capabilities that such a presence brings. This study examines and explains the social media presence of Turkish local governments from a usability perspective. Usability studies provide governments with important empirical data about the citizens'/users' view/perception of the efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction of web-based content. Consequently, there is a need for usability testing of government social media services.The analysis of local government social media sites through scientific usability methods, such as expert review, guidelines and eye-tracking, reveals the strengths and weaknesses of government social media services in terms of usability. The study concludes with specific recommendations for improvement of government social media presence, which are applicable, to a great extent, to governments of all levels and sizes in Turkey and elsewhere.

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Cumbie, Barry A., and Bandana Kar. "The Role of Social Media in U.S. County Governments." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 11, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2015010101.

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This study investigates the influence of citizens' socio-economic characteristics on the presence of social media in county-level government. E-government is ostensibly citizen-driven and therefore variation in an area's demographics would likely impact a government's utilization of emerging technology, such as social media. Despite its transformative potential and widespread adoption, e-government development beyond basic stages has been sluggish. Social media is transforming the nature of interaction among individuals and organizations and has the potential to overcome some of the restrictive challenges of e-government. Understanding if, how, and to what end governments are harnessing social media will help make e-government a citizen-driven, democratic, transparent, and trustworthy platform. County governments are challenged by their size, resource scarcity, heterogeneous service area (urban and rural), and varying population density; thereby preventing them from gaining a critical mass of online users. By exploring social media's role in e-government as related to citizen demographic factors, this study reveals an important paradoxical role of social media in government: operational ineffectiveness as a necessary precursor for exception events. Additional results reveal the presence of digital divide - counties with higher median household income and educational qualification tend to have social media presence in their e-government sites, which is also not related to population growth of the counties.

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Röhrs, Sigrid, and Christoph Winter. "Reducing government debt in the presence of inequality." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 82 (September 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2017.05.007.

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Serra, Teresa, Barry K. Goodwin, and Allen M. Featherstone. "Risk behavior in the presence of government programs." Journal of Econometrics 162, no. 1 (May 2011): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.10.005.

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Chen, Pian, and David D’Auria. "Measuring Antitrust Damages in the Presence of Foreign Government Regulation." Antitrust Bulletin 64, no. 2 (June 2019): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x19844627.

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The U.S. Supreme Court on June 14, 2018, reversed the Second Circuit’s 2016 decision to vacate a $147 million judgment against two Chinese companies, who allegedly fixed vitamin C prices. The high court held that courts should give foreign governments’ statements “respectful consideration” but are not bound by another country’s description of its own laws. Going forward, courts will need to evaluate a foreign government’s statements when defendants claim a contradiction between U.S. law and foreign regulations as a defense. When government regulation and private cartelization overlap, complications arise because the foreign companies may be liable for their anticompetitive conduct that was beyond the requirement of and might even have influenced foreign government policies. Using two illustrative cases ( In Re Vitamin C Antitrust Litigation and Resco Products v. Bosai Minerals), we analyze the impact of the price floor and export quotas and propose a new, workable methodology for measuring antitrust damages attributable to the private cartel in the presence of foreign regulation.

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Cassell, Mark K., and John A. Hoornbeek. "Engaging Citizens on the Internet." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 6, no. 2 (April 2010): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2010040105.

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This article presents empirical results relating to citizen-government relations on the internet that are based on an assessment of the World Wide Web presence of 428 local governments in northeast Ohio. Northeast Ohio provides a useful picture of E-government-citizen relationships because it includes a range of local government forms (counties, townships, etc.), urban and rural populations, and Midwestern influences that many consider “typical” of American states. The website reviews conducted assess citizen-government engagement in a variety of areas. The measures used include simple engagements like the ability to sign up for email updates and the presence of event calendars to more involved interactions, such as blogs, e-pay services, and open records requests. Using these measures, the authors assess citizen-government engagement among local governments in the sample

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Averin, Aleksandr V., Irina V. Pogodina, and Danila A. Avdeev. "GOVERNMENT AND MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES IN SOCIAL MEDIA: PRESENCE TARGETS." State power and local self-government 6 (June 11, 2019): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2019-6-7-10.

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Garcia-Murillo, Martha. "Does a government web presence reduce perceptions of corruption?" Information Technology for Development 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2013): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2012.751574.

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Serra, Teresa, David Zilberman, and José M. Gil. "Farms’ technical inefficiencies in the presence of government programs." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 52, no. 1 (March 2008): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2008.00412.x.

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Lonner, Jonathan A. "Official Government Abductions in the Presence of Extradition Treaties." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 83, no. 4 (1993): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143879.

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Modlin, Steve, and LaShonda M. Stewart. "Determining county government fiscal instability: Independent audit report findings and the prompting of state action." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 26, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-26-03-2014-b002.

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Decreasing revenues among local governments across the country have placed an increased focus on governmental financial practices. For states with local government financial oversight organizations, the ratios and other benchmarks used to assess fiscal stability face increased scrutiny. This study examines financial reports sent to North Carolina’s financial oversight body, the Local Government Commission (LGC), to determine the types of operational and policy practices that can lead to fiscal stress based on guidelines established by the LGC. Findings indicate that lowering levels of fund balance, increased salaries, increased debt service levels, and the presence of a countywide water system all increased the probability of a county government receiving notice of potential financing problems requiring immediate action.

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Yanyan, Li. "Key Factors for Establishing Collaboration between NPOs and the Government: A Case Study." China Nonprofit Review 3, no. 1 (2011): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187651411x566694.

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AbstractCollaboration with the government is not just a key factor in the organizational growth of a single NPO, but a key issue influencing the development of the whole NPO sector. Especially in China, NPOs still remain weak even as they proliferate widely. The government has made clear its intention to change from a management-oriented government to service-oriented government. As one step in this direction, it has begun to procure social services from NPOs. However, it is still unclear how the approach of procuring services can become a regular form of collaboration between the government and NPOs and, as such, a driver of NPO growth. This paper analyzes the case of Shining Stone Community Action (SSCA). SSCA has successfully promoted its collaboration with the government and has realized the goal of the government purchasing its services. The paper examines various factors required for collaboration between NPOs and the government, with a special focus on those necessary for government procurement of NPO services to take place. These factors provide valuable lessons for building relationships between governments and NPOs. The paper closely examines three key factors: NPO expertise, communication between NPO leaders and government officials, and the presence of persons who understand both governmental and NPO systems profoundly.

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Sieciński, Wiesław. "Traditions and the presence of modern local government in Poland." Studia Administracyjne 7 (2015): 121–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/sa.2015.7-07.

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Zaman, Hosain, and Georges Zaccour. "Optimal government scrappage subsidies in the presence of strategic consumers." European Journal of Operational Research 288, no. 3 (February 2021): 829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.06.017.

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Abdelsalam, Hisham M., Christopher G. Reddick, Sara Gamal, and Abdulrahamn Al-shaar. "Social media in Egyptian government websites: Presence, usage, and effectiveness." Government Information Quarterly 30, no. 4 (October 2013): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.020.

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Kogan, Theodore Benjamin, and Galla Salganik-Shoshan. "Corporate governments: Government connections of public oil and gas companies." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 4 (2015): 286–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i4c2p5.

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It is well known that governments have direct control over much of the energy sector through National Oil Companies (NOCs). Much less understood are the determinants and consequences of government connections of their stock exchange listed counterparts, Public Oil & Gas Companies (POCs). This paper focuses on an important mechanism through which POCs and governments can influence one another: the presence of current and former government employees among POC directors. Specifically, we expect that current government officials serving on POC boards are more likely than other board members to be a channel through which governments influence firms. Former government officials on POC boards, on the other hand, are more likely than other board members to lobby their governments on the companies’ behalf. We collect data on 112 large POCs from 35 countries, and on country and size-matched control firms outside the oil & gas sector. The empirical results provide partial support for our hypotheses. We find that the importance of the energy sector in a country’s economy does not impact the government connectedness of its POC boards. Country-level corruption measures, on the other hand, are positively related to the prevalence of current and former government officials on POC boards’ – and in the case of current officials, significantly more so than for non-energy firms. Lastly, there is some indication that having former government officials on a POC board contributes to the firm’s profitability.

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Agha, Mahmoud, and Baban Eulaiwi. "The alignment effects of CEO stock incentives in the presence of government ownership: International evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council countries." Australian Journal of Management 45, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896219893730.

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This article investigates whether government ownership in publicly listed firms of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries affects the behaviour of CEOs who are granted stock incentives, that is, an ownership stake in these firms. The results suggest that government ownership may create an environment that could be abused by these managers. In particular, we find that when government ownership reaches a certain threshold, the alignment effect of CEO stock incentives is reversed such that borrowing increases; capital expenditure decreases; selling, general and administrative (SGA) expenses increase; and firm performance decreases with the level of CEO stock incentives. Our results could have implications for investors and policymakers in GCC countries, and other developing markets, where governments usually have substantial equity stakes in some publicly listed firms. JEL Classification: G32, G34, G35, G38

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Iraqi, Khalid Mahmood, Asma Manzoor, and Seema Manzoor. "Analyzing The Presence Of Women’s Wards Facility In Government Hospitals Of Karachi." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v10i1.99.

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Changing global trends have made people more aware and conscious about their health and attainment of quality life by accessing healthcare services. But countries like Pakistan are not able to maintain quality healthcare services for common people. The healthcare service providers are not able to face challenges in this regard. The system of healthcare in Pakistan faces many issues and challenges of imbalance and insufficiency regarding deliverance and access to effective and quality healthcare services. The governments should develop an appropriate health system whose mechanism can be easily accessible for people especially women. For this purpose data from public hospitals has been collected to analyze specific issues within the boundaries of a specific environment and situation, because proper and accurate data availability can assure the effective policy making mechanism. In this study data has been collected by semi-structured interview schedule. Three public hospitals (Civil, Jinnah and Abbasi Shaheed) were selected as a universe of the study, and the respondents were purposively selected for conducting interviews in detail. The findings of this study reveal that in developing countries like Pakistan the healthcare services are not provided adequately in the public sector. People do not have easy access to healthcare opportunities for many reasons among which one reason is poverty, which leads to ill health and low health status. This growing dissatisfaction leads to imbalance societal gap, which demands appropriate measures and policies by the government. Government hospitals have some women specific wards but public private partnership has not been very effective, despite the establishment of Act and collaborations in public-private domain.

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Vitkovskaya, T. "Representative body of local government: effects and costs of business presence." Perm Scientific Center Journal 11, no. 3 (2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7242/1998-2097/2018.3.9.

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Canfield, J. "Documents without Borders: E-Government in the English-Speaking Caribbean Nations: A Comparison of Internet Sites." DttP: Documents to the People 44, no. 1 (September 7, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v44i1.6058.

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The growth of e-government services and Internet presence of governments is a global phenomenon. Even though in much of the Caribbean, citizen access to the Internet ranges from 8.5 to 40.0 percent, Caribbean nations have increasingly developed a web presence. E-government is well-established within the fifteen Caricom nations, which include both English-speaking and non-English–speaking nations. An assessment of the level of maturity, features, and functionality of the web presence of the Caribbean nations indicates a low level of success possibly due to lack of infrastructure. In one report, the Caribbean nations that provide a web presence often failed to provide or provided minimal levels of contact information, hours of operation, email or other means of contact, and failed to offer downloadable or electronic forms.

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DEWAN, TORUN, and DAVID P. MYATT. "Dynamic Government Performance: Honeymoons and Crises of Confidence." American Political Science Review 106, no. 1 (February 2012): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305541100058x.

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We use a formal theoretical framework to explore the interplay between a government's longevity and its performance. Ministers perform well when their careers are valuable; this is so when the government's duration is expected to be long; the government's survival depends on its popularity; and, finally, that popularity depends on its ministers’ performance. The feedback loop between performance and longevity means that multiple rational-expectations equilibria can arise: Ministers work hard for a popular government, but divert efforts elsewhere if they believe the government is doomed; these alternatives are both self-fulfilling prophecies. However, the presence of (perhaps small) random events that buffet the performance and popularity of a government is sufficient to pin down a unique equilibrium. We explore the dynamics that arise: A crisis of confidence involving the rapid collapse of a government's performance is sparked when a sequence of negative shocks push the popularity of the government below a unique critical threshold.

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O’Mahony, Anthony. "Christian presence in modern Jerusalem:." Evangelical Quarterly 78, no. 3 (April 21, 2006): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07803008.

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The disunity of the Church is highly visible in Jerusalem where many different communions all have their representatives. After many years of deep hostility the heads of different churches in 1994 signed a ‘Memorandum on the Significance of Jerusalem for Christians’, since when they have met regularly under the presidency of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch. The Arab Christian community has faced considerable pressure both from the Israeli government and from Muslims and since the Six Day War some 35% of the Palestinian Christian population has emigrated.

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Mccauley, Robert N. "The Moral Status of Apartheid: Can the Presence of Foreign Corporations in South Africa Be Morally Justified?" Canadian Journal of Philosophy 15, no. 4 (December 1985): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1985.10715876.

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Since the international community has offered their nearly unanimous condemnation of the system of apartheid in the Republic of South Africa, the topic of this essay might seem moot. However, the involvement and cooperation with the South African government of numerous governments, businesses, and other institutions suggest that those condemnations do not constitute the final word - certainly not politically, nor, perhaps, morally.

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Aburumman, Nemer, and Róbert Szilágyi. "The role of social media in e-Government: systematic literature review and case of Jordan." Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days 338 (July 16, 2020): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ocg.338.29.

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Social media has become a new revolution in communications and most governments around the world use these platforms as two-way communication between them and the citizens. The Jordanian government started using these platforms early, so this paper came to examine the Jordanian's practice on these platforms. The paper use two way of analysis, the first one was a systematic literature review in the largest two databases (Scopus and Web of Science). After the literature has been analysed and the paper found the best practices for governments around the world, three main determinants were identified for any government to start the use of social media (presence, up to date information and interaction). The most popular Jordanian's social platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube) have been selected to start the analyses and 52 Jordanian governmental institutions (all the 25 ministries and 27 institutions belong to the prime ministry) have been analysed. After the institutions' websites and their pages or accounts on social media platforms scanned and analysed, most of the institutions have fulfilled the first two criteria (presence) and 77% shows that they have appearances on social media and (up to date information) 67% of the institutions regularly updated their information. But for the last criteria (interaction) we have found that the institutions still need to improve their interactions with the citizens since the results showed only 38% of these institutions have interaction on their pages or accounts on social media.

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Putra, Ardi, and Tito Handoko. "Komunikasi Pemerintah Pusat Dan Pemerintah Daerah: Kasus Dinamika Pelaksanaan Local Lockdown Dalam Mencegah Penyebaran COVID-19." Jurnal Administrasi Politik dan Sosial 2, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46730/japs.v2i1.40.

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In implementing the local lockdown, a good communication relationship must be established between the Central Government and Regional Governments in preventing the spread of Covid-19 at the local level. (Sedarmayanti, 2018) explained that at least there are several elements in government communication, including; Communicators, Messages, Media, Communicate and Feedback. Based on the background above, the problem formulation that the writer will raise is how the communication patterns of the central government and local governments: the case of the dynamics of implementing local lockdowns in preventing the spread of COVID-19, the purpose of writing this article is to find out the communication between the central government and local governments: the case of dynamics. implementation of a local lockdown to prevent the spread of covid'19. This research uses qualitative research methods with this type of research, namely literature study data collection through documentation, books, journals, and mass media. The results of this study are: the communication between the Central Government and the Regional Government does not run harmoniously, indicated by the presence of several regions implementing local lockdowns, including the City of Tegal, the City of Tasikmalaya, and the Province of Papua.

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Mendly-Zambo, Zsofia, and Dennis Raphael. "Competing Discourses of Household Food Insecurity in Canada." Social Policy and Society 18, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746418000428.

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Household food insecurity (HFI) impacts over 1.7 million households in Canada with adverse effects upon health. As a signatory to numerous international covenants asserting that access to food is a human right, Canadian governments are obliged to reduce HFI, yet Canadian governments have done remarkably little to assure that Canadians are food secure. In the absence of government action, HFI has spawned numerous non-governmental means of managing the problem such as food banks, feeding programs, and community gardens and kitchens. These efforts have depoliticized the problem of HFI, making its solution more difficult. Solving HFI is also complicated by the presence of five competing discourses of HFI in Canada: nutrition and dietetics, charitable food distribution, community development, social determinants of health, and political economy which offer differing causes and means of responding to HFI. We argue that the least considered discourse – the critical materialist political economy discourse – best accounts for the presence of HFI in a liberal welfare state such as Canada and provides the most effective means of responding to its presence.

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Simanjuntak, Damiana, and Doriani Lingga. "Strategic Trade Policy in the Presence of International Outsourcing in a Duopoly Model." KINERJA 21, no. 2 (September 16, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v21i2.1285.

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This paper analyzes how domestic government sets its optimal export policy in a duopoly model when its domestic firm can only outsource its input while the rival firm is able to both produce and outsource its input. First we analyze the strategic outsourcing behavior of the foreign firm. We find that the foreign firm’s decisions on whether to outsource input or to make it by itself depend on the trade policy taken by the domestic government. The foreign firm will strategically outsource the entire quantity of its input production to the supplier with an input price higher than its in-house cost, if the domestic firm is subsidized by the domestic government. However, when the domestic firm is being charged a positive export tax by the domestic government, the foreign firm will decide to make input by itself despite the lower input price under the outsourcing regime. From the domestic government’s point of view, we find that the conditions for the foreign firm’s decisions correspond to the domestic social welfare maximization problem. When the foreign firm chooses to outsource its input to the supplier, the domestic government will impose a negative export tax on its firm, namely subsidy. While when the foreign firm chooses to make input by itself, the domestic government will impose an export tax on its firm as trade policy.Keywords: Trade Policy, Export Tax, Subsidy, Outsourcing

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Aridhayandi, M. Rendi. "OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP BERAS BERDASARKAN KONSEP KEDAULATAN PANGAN DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v5i1.1103.

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As a staple food in Indonesia, the availability of rice are needed to continue until whenever. Because agriculture is still the source of livelihood of the majority of the workforce in Indonesia. Hence the presence of the government is necessary, governments can differentiate into central government and local governments. In UUD 1945 Pasal 18A ayat (1) mentions the relationship of authority between the central government and provincial government, counties, and cities, or between provinces and districts and cities, regulated by law with due regard to the specificity and diversity of the area. Regional autonomy is one manifestation of freedom for the regions to be involved in designing the activity of politics and government at the local level in order to strengthen the power of national government. Thus the role of local government is very important to the affairs of the availability of rice in the presence of local autonomy. The local government and regional autonomy can be free to design a territory in support of the central government towards food security.Undang-Undang No. 18 tahun 2012 tentang Pangan mentions the issue of food intended to achieve three things at once, namely food sovereignty, food self-sufficiency and food security. President Jokowi that: "Food security is distinct from food sovereignty. Food security is simply the availability of foodstuffs (logistics) in the warehouse and on the market irrespective of origin whether imported or locally produced. Food sovereignty means that we manufacture and market our own groceries, while surplus production is exported ". Here we can see that food sovereignty is significantly deeper than food security. thus, the optimization of local governments in order to achieve food sovereignty can be: 1. the agrarian reform (land protection by performing a spatial planning regulations); 2. the legal protection to farmers (by making regulations that aim the welfare of farmers); 3. the availability of seeds, fertilizers and tools supporting production; 4. Registering brands and geographical indications of agricultural products to the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Ministry of law and Human Rights Republic of Indonesia; 5. setting the price, product quality and market share of an agricultural product. Keywords: Food Security; Food Sovereignty; Rice; Regional Government.

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Ness, Walter L. "Reducing government bank presence in the Brazilian financial system Why and how." Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 40, no. 1 (March 2000): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1062-9769(99)00045-9.

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CAPELLA, MICHAEL L., CHARLES R. TAYLOR, and JEREMY KEES. "Tobacco Harm Reduction Advertising in the Presence of a Government-Mandated Warning." Journal of Consumer Affairs 46, no. 2 (June 2012): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2012.01229.x.

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Bayona-Ore, Sussy, and Vicente Morales Lozada. "E-government and E-services in Local Government: a Case Study." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (July 9, 2021): 732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.70.

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E-government requires the intensive use of ICTs (information and communication technologies) in public institutions to deliver services to citizens efficiently and effectively. E-government allows the transformation of the citizen service delivery system, and its implementation is conditioned by a set of critical factors. The city halls are directly connected with citizens and deliver e-services, but the importance of this level of government is sometimes underestimated. This study aims to explore the influence of critical factors on the e-services implementation in city halls. The authors used a model to assess the e-government development index of 10 city halls and to know the provision of e-services of city halls. The results reveal that the city halls in the study currently offer e-services at the levels of presence and urban information. It important that the efforts of city halls must be oriented to the levels of interaction, transaction and e-democracy.

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Zoroja, Jovana, Ivan Strugar, and Božidar Jaković. "E-Government in Croatia." International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications 12, no. 3 (July 2020): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.2020070105.

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The composite index summarizing relevant indicators of Europe's digital performance and tracking the progress of EU Member States in digital competitiveness in the Croatian case, still below the EU average, especially in the area of e-government. The aim of this article is twofold. First, we evaluate the difference between respondents 18 to 24 and 25 to 34 according to their attitudes towards the usage of offered e-government solutions. Second, we determine the presence of the obstacles in using e-government solutions among these two age groups. The utilization of e-government services is still rather low, and one, a very important reason for lower usage of e-government services in Croatia is the perceived low level of quality of the e-government services with the perceived high level of obstacles towards their usage.

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TAUSANOVITCH, CHRIS, and CHRISTOPHER WARSHAW. "Representation in Municipal Government." American Political Science Review 108, no. 3 (August 2014): 605–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055414000318.

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Municipal governments play a vital role in American democracy, as well as in governments around the world. Despite this, little is known about the degree to which cities are responsive to the views of their citizens. In the past, the unavailability of data on the policy preferences of citizens at the municipal level has limited scholars’ ability to study the responsiveness of municipal government. We overcome this problem by using recent advances in opinion estimation to measure the mean policy conservatism in every U.S. city and town with a population above 20,000 people. Despite the supposition in the literature that municipal politics are non-ideological, we find that the policies enacted by cities across a range of policy areas correspond with the liberal-conservative positions of their citizens on national policy issues. In addition, we consider the influence of institutions, such as the presence of an elected mayor, the popular initiative, partisan elections, term limits, and at-large elections. Our results show that these institutions have little consistent impact on policy responsiveness in municipal government. These results demonstrate a robust role for citizen policy preferences in determining municipal policy outcomes, but cast doubt on the hypothesis that simple institutional reforms enhance responsiveness in municipal governments.

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Kemp, Linzi J., Megan Mathias, and Maryam Raji. "Representative bureaucracy in the Arab Gulf states." International Journal of Public Sector Management 32, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-07-2017-0198.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply the lens of representative bureaucracy (RB) to women’s representation at management level in governments and government-owned companies in Arab Gulf states (AGS), and to consider the implications for government stability, legitimacy and performance.Design/methodology/approachData were analysed of the numbers of men and women in management positions (8,936), of government and government-owned companies (846), for the six countries of the AGS. Analyses were conducted on the presence/absence of women in management for ten industry types.FindingsGovernments and government-owned companies in the AGS were identified as hybrid (public/private) institutions. Women were found to be underrepresented at management levels in public sector bureaucracy; women clustered in a narrow range of industries; all countries returned a high result of zero female managers in these industries.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited by data collected from a single source, “Eikon”, which is a commercial database. The implication of these results is a benchmark for future studies on women’s representation at management level in governments and government-owned companies of Arab Gulf countries.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of this study is for concerted government intervention to address gender inequality in management of governments and government-owned companies across the AGS.Originality/valueThis is the first study of RB in AGS and extends the theory of RB to a new geographical and cultural context. There is value in application of RB to government and government-owned companies as a regional form of hybrid public–private organisation.

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Hlynsdóttir, Eva Marín. "Local administrative capacity based on the presence of expert staff in municipal city halls and inter-municipal cooperation entities." Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 15, no. 1 (June 17, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2019.15.1.1.

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Local government in Iceland has been through extensive functional reforms in the past three decades. Territorial reforms have been less successful even though the central government has openly aimed to enhance the capacity of the local governments. This study aims to estimate the administrative capacity of Icelandic local governments by estimating the level of expertise in the tasks of planning, education and social service. The findings show that there is a considerable difference with respect to size, as municipalities with more than 3,000 citizens have much higher levels of expertise in comparison to smaller municipalities. The municipalities are only partially able to turn to inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) for compensation because the municipalities in more densely populated areas are more likely to set up IMC entities than those in more sparsely populated areas. The municipalities in less populated areas are also more likely to buy their services from private service providers. Moreover, the smallest municipalities have transferred a large bulk of their functions to other municipalities through contracting. The findings suggest that IMCs may not be the best answer for small municipalities, especially those in rural and remote areas.

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Fjelde, Hanne, Lisa Hultman, and Desirée Nilsson. "Protection Through Presence: UN Peacekeeping and the Costs of Targeting Civilians." International Organization 73, no. 1 (August 29, 2018): 103–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818318000346.

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AbstractAre UN peacekeepers effective in protecting civilians from violence? Existing studies examine this issue at the country level, thereby making it difficult to isolate the effect of peacekeepers and to assess the actual mechanism at work. We provide the first comprehensive evaluation of UN peacekeeping success in protecting civilians at the subnational level. We argue that peacekeepers through their sizable local presence can increase the political and military costs for warring actors to engage in civilian targeting. Since peacekeepers’ access to civilian populations rests on government consent, peacekeepers will primarily be effective in imposing these costs on rebel groups, but less so for government actors. To test these conjectures we combine new monthly data on the location of peacekeepers with data on the location and timing of civilian killings in Africa. Our findings suggest that local peacekeeping presence enhances the effectiveness of civilian protection against rebel abuse, but that UN peacekeeping struggles to protect civilians from government forces.

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Altayar, Mohammed. "Investigating the Use of Web 2.0 Technologies and their Presence in Saudi Government Agencies' Websites." International Journal of Technology Diffusion 7, no. 2 (April 2016): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2016040104.

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Government agencies in both developed and developing countries have started using social media to provide content and services. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of social media in Saudi government agencies. It adopts a quantitative approach. The study shows that Saudi government agencies are aware of social media and they use them for different purposes. The study argued that government agencies with less engagement with the public are less likely to use social media. Government agencies tend to publish the same content in different social media. Moreover, information dissemination and improving communication with the public were the main motivations for using social media. In terms of enablers, the study shows that awareness of the public about the importance of social media usage was an important issue. Regarding the challenges, lack of dedicated resources such as budget and specialized staff were the main challenges. The study contributes to the literature by addressing issues related to motivation, factors influenced the decision to adopt social media, enablers and barriers.

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Vedenov, Dmitry V., and Gabriel J. Power. "Risk-Reducing Effectiveness of Revenue versus Yield Insurance in the Presence of Government Payments." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 40, no. 2 (August 2008): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800023737.

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Government farm support programs such as Loan Deficiency Payments (LDP) and Counter-Cyclical Payments (CCP) have payoff structures that effectively make them costless price insurance instruments. A combination of these payments with yield insurance may provide a viable alternative to revenue insurance. This paper finds that, contrary to expectations, the revenue product analyzed is uniformly superior to yield insurance under both current (2002) and proposed (2008) Farm Bill structures of government payments. Given minor adjustments, however, yield insurance combined with government payments can provide more effective risk management than revenue insurance in production areas with low yield–price correlation.

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Suzart, Janilson Antonio da Silva, and Ariovaldo Dos Santos. "The Predictive Value of Government Accounting Information and the Secondary Brazilian Bond Market." International Business Research 9, no. 4 (March 5, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n4p31.

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<p>The international literature highlights evidence on the predictive ability of government accounting information in relation to bond markets, especially for sub-national governments’ bonds. However, there is little evidence in the literature about the role of accounting information from national governments. Having observed this gap, we aimed to identify how strongly the government accounting information affects the pricing of the government bonds issued by the Brazilian Federal Government and traded in the secondary market. In this research, we analyzed the transactions carried out without the direct participation of the federal government. The predictive ability of the accounting information of the Brazilian federal government was verified for the period from 2003 to 2012 on a monthly basis. Following the value relevance approach, we developed price and return models for the bond National Treasury Bills, Single Series. After analyzing the presence of unit roots in the price and return series, we estimated regressions using the ordinary least squares method. We showed that the accounting information of the Brazilian federal government has predictive ability regarding the pricing of bonds traded in the secondary market. However, this does not mean that the government accounting information is fully and directly used by investors, but rather that such information is intended as a proxy for information reviewed by investors when negotiating such bonds, these investors being considered as limited rational agents.</p>

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BUTT, ADAM, and ZIYONG DENG. "Investment strategies in retirement: in the presence of a means-tested government pension." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 11, no. 2 (June 21, 2011): 151–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747211000291.

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AbstractA simulation approach is used to investigate how various investment strategies affect the ability of retirees to spend at a desired level up until death. Retirees are assumed to maintain all investment and longevity risk, and also have access to a government-sponsored and means-tested Age Pension to provide part of their desired expenditure. It is found that a 100% allocation to growth assets is optimal for large expenditure desires relative to initial balance levels, with allocations outside of this being sensitive to movements in initial balance and desired expenditure level, as well as interactions with the Age Pension.

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Yao, Shujie. "Efficiency impacts of Government policy on agricultural production in the presence of externalities." Journal of Environmental Management 55, no. 1 (January 1999): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1998.0251.

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Pasha, Hafiz A. "Comparative Statics Analysis of Urban Land Values in the Presence of Government Regulation." Urban Studies 32, no. 9 (November 1995): 1505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989550012375.

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Anwar, Sajid. "Government Spending and Pattern of Trade in the Presence of Economies of Scale." Journal of Economic Integration 10, no. 3 (March 15, 1995): 408–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.1995.10.3.408.

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Hjouj Btoush, Mohammad. "Government\'s Presence on Social Media A Study with Special Reference to Jordan." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7, no. 22 (June 10, 2014): 4813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.869.

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McQueen, Shannon. "Pipeline or Pipedream: Gender Balance Legislation’s Effect on Women’s Presence in State Government." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 21, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/spq.2020.8.

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AbstractCan legislation encouraging women’s political involvement impact women’s desire to run for elected office? Eleven states have passed legislation to promote equal gender representation on appointed government boards, and many argue this legislation will also develop a pipeline of women candidates to run for elected office. This paper is the first scholarly work to assess if gender balance legislation (GBL) increases the number of women candidates and women legislators within a state. I use a nonparametric generalization of the difference-in-differences estimator and find very little evidence that GBL significantly impacts women’s representation at the state level. Results are consistent across multiple outcome variables and different model specifications, including two-way fixed effects, generalized synthetic control, and synthetic control models. The insignificant impact of GBL speaks to the need to thoroughly investigate which institutional reforms adequately feed the female candidate pipeline.

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Ogunsola, Kemi, and Mutawakilu A. Tiamiyu. "Predicting Customers Use of Electronic Government Services in Nigeria." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa4.

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This study examined how customers’ use of electronic government services in Nigeria were being predicted by supply- and demand-side variables such as; ICT deployment, customer readiness, perceived quality of e-government services, perceived satisfaction with e-government services, web readiness, and web presence quality. The results showed that for business organizations, only web presence quality of government websites, perceived satisfaction with the use of e-government services, and perceived quality of e-government services had predictive relationships with the use of e-government services. For the citizens, all the independent variables significantly predicted the use of e-government services, although ICT deployment predicted negatively citizens’ use of e-government services. The study recommends among others that government agencies should deploy e-government services and channels that will improve the satisfaction to customers rather than providing only sophisticated services.

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Kharma, Qasem, Nidal M. Turab, Qusai Shambour, and Mohammad Hassan. "Secure Cloud-Mediator Architecture for Mobile-Government using RBAC and DUKPT." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 04 (March 12, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i04.11075.

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<p class="0abstract">Smart mobile devices and cloud computing are widely used today. While mobile and portable devices have different capabilities, architectures, operating systems, and communication channels than one another, government data are distributed over heterogeneous systems. This paper proposes a 3-tier mediation framework providing single application to manage all governmental services. The framework is based on private cloud computing for adapting the content of Mobile-Government (M-Government) services using Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Derive Unique Key Per Transaction (DUKPT). The 3-layers in the framework are: presence, integration, and homogenization. The presence layer is responsible for adapting the content with regard to four contexts: device, personal, location, and connectivity contexts. The integration layer, which is hosted in a private cloud server, is responsible for integrating heterogeneous data sources. The homogenization layer is responsible for converting data into XML format. The flexibility of the mediation and XML provides an adaptive environment to stream data based on the capabilities of the device that sends the query to the system.</p>

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Fajri, Nur, and Irwan Taufiq Ritonga. "Analyzing Relationship Between Internal Auditor Capability and Financial Management Quality: A Study at Indonesia Local Governments." Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan 10, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v10i2.12616.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze whether there is relationship between level of local government internal auditor (LGIA) capability and local government financial management (LGFM) quality. Furthermore, this study also identifies factors affecting the presence or the absence of a significant relationship between LGIA capability and LGFM quality. This research uses in-depth interviews and focus group discussion to identify factors affecting the presence or the absence of relationship between LGIA capability and LGFM quality. The results show that there is no relationship between LGIA capability and LGFM quality. The absence of the relationship is caused by dominant role of Local Government Working Units (LGWU) in the process of financial management; improvement of LGIA capability is not followed by improvement on the roles and services provided by LGIA; and potential weakness in assessment process of LGIA capability by The Finance and Development Supervisory Agency. Findings of this study will assist both central and local governments to evaluate “what went wrong” with their Improvement of LGIA Capability Programs and assist central government to formulate a better policy on relationship and coordination among head of local government, LGWU, and LGIA.This research develops a new method to measure LGFM quality comprehensively. This study also fills gap in the literature exploring the relationship between LGIA capability and LGFM quality, which is still rare at present.

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Beltrán, Cristina. "RACIAL PRESENCE VERSUS RACIAL JUSTICE." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 11, no. 1 (2014): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x14000034.

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AbstractIn the realm of electoral politics, a growing number of women, African Americans, and Latinos now serve at the highest levels of government. For many Americans, the bipartisan presence of representatives who are people of color and/or women is proof that we live in a “post-feminist” and “postracial” era in which institutions are now fundamentally fair and accessible. Rather than assuming that racial presence is synonymous with racial justice, this essay turns to aesthetic theory to advocate for a new understanding of presence—not as proof that racial or gender justice has been achieved but as a kind of beauty that is experienced as a form of visible certitude. Drawing on the work of Hannah Pitkin, alongside writings on descriptive representation for Latinos and African Americans, this essay stresses the importance of judgment, arguing that on questions of social justice, a racially diverse elite is simultaneously ethically valuableandpolitically indeterminate.

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Oganesyan, Roman G. "THE PROVINCIAL URBAN AFFAIRS PRESENCE AS AN ORGAN OF ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISION OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT IN THE 70S AND 90S OF THE XIX CENTURY." Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS 15, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35427/2073-4522-2020-15-1-oganesyan.

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The article deals with the activity of the provincial presence for urban affairs — the body that establishes administrative supervision over the activities of city self-government bodies in the 70s and 90s of the XIX century. The study is based on the positions of pre-revolutionary lawyers who consider and analyze innovations in the Urban statute of 1870 and changes that occurred in 1892. First of all, it is worth noting that in post-reform Russia, the provincial presence for urban affairs was created to streamline the work on administrative control over city self-government bodies. Its organization was due to the need to oversee the correctness and legality of their rulings, as well as the desire to speed up the resolution of many cases that had previously often lain for a long time in the departments of the Governing Senate. The presence was mainly assigned to the functions of the administrative court, whose decisions were often not final. Based on archival materials of the post-reform period, the practice of administrative supervision concerning city self-government bodies is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the consideration of complaints from members of the city government on various grounds. After the city counter-reform, which resulted in the adoption of the new Urban statute, the provincial presence for city affairs was merged with the provincial presence for land affairs. This was done to simplify the work since the specifics of the activities of these bodies were almost the same. Thus, after combining the two presences into one, the new organization has the opportunity to monitor and analyze the most important issues related to the interests of the entire province. As a result, it was revealed that the activity of the provincial presence for urban affairs is also determined to an important extent by the public function.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Government presence'

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