Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Government policies'
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1
OKAMURA, Makoto, and Nobuhiro MORI. "Fiscal Efficiency of Government Policies." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17777.
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Ab, Iorwerth Aled. "The economic analysis of government policies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/NQ58391.pdf.
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Lai, Siu-fun Rita, and 黎少芬. "Housing price and government land policies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258256.
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Lai, Siu-fun Rita. "Housing price and government land policies /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781297.
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Hsieh, Hui-Jong. "Government policies and fine arts museums in Taiwan : the impact of government policies on museum personnel and finance." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31152.
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Following rapid economic development since 1970s, political transformation and social reformation in the 1980s, Taiwan has become increasingly concerned with its arts and culture. The main purpose of this research is to find out in what ways Taiwanese government can help the public fine arts museum in their personnel and financial managements to substantiate their subsistence and development in order to ensure the preservation and development of arts and culture. Therefore the main subjects of this thesis are arts and culture, fine arts museum and government along with the emphasis on tackling museum personnel and finance problems. This research has offered an overview of the cultural development in Taiwan, the personnel and finance problems of museums in practice. It has also justifies the importance of arts and culture, the values and functions of fine arts museums, the necessity of government intervention. Most of all, with the inspection on the policies and programmes developed and applied in different countries, this research attempts to provide possible and better solutions for Taiwanese Governments and fine arts museum. In order to answer my research questions: Why should the government support fine arts museums? In what ways have the government policies impacted upon the roles and functions of fine arts museums in Taiwan? What are the main problems experienced by the fine art museums in Taiwan and in what form of relationship that government might help to ameliorate them? I have applied two qualitative methods: document and in-depth interview collecting and analysis. This research has reviewed the relevant theories from a broad range of disciplines including politics, economics, sociology, cultural studies and museum studies to explore the key themes founded in the documents and in-depth interviews, such as government intervention vs. museum autonomy and centralisation vs. decentralisation.
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Chang, Angela E. (Angela Elizabeth). "Impact of government policies on pension decisions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12694.
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Serpa, Falvio A. "Microfinance in Brazil government policies and their effects /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1196694689.
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Bailey, S. J. "Charging policies for local government : rationale, philosophy, practice." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21225.
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This thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the potential for the increased use of charges for local government services. It eschews a simplistic aggregate market-based analogy, adopting instead a service by service approach which takes full account of service objectives. It avoids an overly descriptive approach and develops its own rationale and methodology. Practice can then be considered in a situationally relevant context. Part 1 criticises economic theory's conception of the public sector and the distorted meaning of efficiency which results. The market-based analogy has led central government policy up a cul-de-sac where increasing centralism exacerbates the fundamental problems inherent in any system of collective choice, leading to increased central-local tensions and further centralism. Part 2 provides an overview of the use of charges by local government and reviews charging methodologies previously propounded. Besides being arbitrary, they are methodologically deficient because they are based on incomplete analysis of individual and collective interests. They assume a clear delineation can be made between the collective/ objective interest and the individual/ subjective interest, tax finance for the former and user charges for the latter. A new methodology is proposed which synthesises individual and collective perspectives, namely customised value added services. Part 3 applies the new methodology to a wide range of local government services, three in-depth case studies followed by more concise consideration of other services. Provision of physical structures (roads, schools and other capital facilities) is considered as well as services to identifiable individuals (leisure and recreation, housing etc). A consistent blend of theory and practice provides a policy relevant, evolutionary, incremental approach to a selective, sensitive expansion in the use of service charges. The overriding aim is to improve equity and increase access to impoved quality of service, not simply to raise revenue nor to deter or ration use.
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McKee, Laurie A. "A comparative study of government and non-government ethics programs, practices, and policies." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23571.
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Kittredge, William Patrick. "Local government debt policies: Do they make a difference?" Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Day, Kathleen Mary. "Government policies, unemployment rates, and interprovincial migration in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29084.
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Because the process of interprovincial labour migration is an important interregional adjustment mechanism, a better understanding of it can help us to understand the causes of regional disparities in incomes and unemployment rates. This thesis focuses on two issues involving interprovincial migration in Canada: the effect of government policies on migration, or fiscally-induced migration; and the effect of unemployment rates on migration. Though other economists have examined these issues, the empirical evidence obtained to date remains inconclusive.
In chapter II of the thesis a multinomial logit model of interprovincial migration is developed, in which individuals are assumed to choose the province which maximizes their indirect utility. Two versions of the model are considered: a perfect certainty version in which individuals face no uncertainty about employment at each possible destination, and an expected utility version in which individuals face a nonzero probability of being unemployed. In both versions of the model per capita provincial government spending enters the utility function directly, while provincial income tax rates and transfer payments enter the model through the budget constraint. This treatment of fiscal variables contrasts with that of other studies, most of which have either replaced provincial government spending variables with government revenue variables such as intergovernmental transfer payments, or employed a measure of net fiscal benefits. After consideration of the assumptions necessary to adapt the model for use with aggregate rather than individual data, it is estimated in log-odds form using the generalized least squares method of Parks (1980). Annual aggregate data for the period 1962 to 1981 are used.
As far as both government variables and the unemployment rate are concerned, the empirical results are far more conclusive than those obtained elsewhere. Total per capita spending by provincial and local governments is shown to have a significant positive effect on interprovincial migration. Higher levels of per capita spending on health and education in province j will also encourage in-migration to province j, but higher levels of spending on social services will reduce in-migration. These results imply that intergovernmental transfer payments, which allow provincial governments to increase expenditures without raising taxes, have the potential to influence migration decisions in Canada. However, since not all types of government spending have the same effect on migration, the exact impact of intergovernmental transfer payments will depend on how they affect the composition of provincial government spending.
Other fiscal variables such as provincial government income tax rates and unemployment insurance benefits do not enter the estimating equations independently of other variables in the model. However, this does not prevent them from having a significant impact on interprovincial migration as well. The unemployment rate, which appears only in the expected utility version of the model, also proves to have a significant effect on migration. The results indicate that other things being equal, individuals will prefer to move to provinces with lower unemployment rates.
Further testing of the model revealed a few problems. The parameter estimates are sensitive to the choice of denominator for the log-odds ratio and are unstable over time. Also, the model does not predict well during the sample period. The latter problem can be traced to the relative lack of intertemporal variation in the migration data. The poor within- sample predictive power does not invalidate the earlier conclusions, but it does mean that no particular weight should be attached to the actual numerical values of the parameter estimates.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
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陳秀紅 and Sau-hung June Chan. "Population mobility and government policies in Post-Mao China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893818.
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Baumann, Mechthild, Astrid Lorenz, and Kerstin Rosenow. "Unintended effects of immigration policies for government and migrants." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-158366.
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In this chapter, we draw empirical and theoretical conclusions based on
the various analyses contained in this volume that focus on the European and U.S. migration regimes. We conclude that immigration policies have a multitude of unintended effects which affect both migrants and governments in the countries of origin, transit, and arrival.
This chapter begins with an overview of the interest policies inside and
outside the ‘defended’ territories. In the U.S. a lucrative internal market of border control has emerged, whereas the EU’s externalized border control includes the neighboring countries. The second part describes the unintended effects arising due to inconsistent general policies of the countries of arrival and origin, which often contradict the official immigration policies. Following this, the limited effect of border control measures on immigrants and their journeys are discussed. In the fourth section we explore in more detail the unintended effects in the form of new areas of cooperation, including new forms of self-organization, local interest groups, and sanctuary movements. The final section summarizes the various unintended effects and offers recommendations for decision makers in the field of migration policy.
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Kouki, Tuuli. "The Effects of Government Policies on Real Estate Sector." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231595.
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The study investigates the linkages between government policies and the real estate sector via a case study that was carried out on the Japanese market. The applicability of the results were then discussed in terms of whether similar trends could be seen in other economies facing similar demographic and economic issues as Japan. While the real estate sector linkages with the overall economy are relatively well studied topic, there are less studies regarding the links between government policies and the real estate market. The studies in the field furthermore in general conclude that the results are country and location dependent, thus illustrating there to be a research gap. Given that real estate sector is linked with the overall performance of the economy, and fluctuations within the sector can magnify ups and downs of the overall economy, it is of importance to investigate the topic in order to, for example, illustrate the effect that policy changes will have on the real estate sector and thus potentially also on the overall market. The approach of the study was to carry out quantitative analysis through the use of econometric analysis methods such as cointegration and Granger causality. The robustness of the econometric analysis results were then further discussed through the use of qualitative analysis tool of expert interviews. The applicability of the econometric results to other economies was analyzed with simple comparison of key variables. The results of the study indicate that government policies have very little effect on the real estate sector. The econometric analysis suggests that neither monetary nor fiscal policy had notable effect on the real estate sector, especially price development. On the other hand, interest rates were seen as a most notable government policy tool to have an effect on the real estate sector in the expert interviews. As a conclusion, it was argued that the low level of cointegrations and lack of causalities could be due to government policies having an indirect effect on the real estate market via altering the demand and supply for real estate rather than leading to changes within the sector directly. For the comparison, some of the Nordic countries and Germany were noted to be facing similar issues as Japan in terms of ageing population, urbanization trend, notable government debt levels, and low interest rates. It was however noted, that the econometric analysis results could not be mirrored to these markets directly due to the rather straightforward comparison, but rather the results could act as a guideline.Den här studien utreder kopplingarna mellan regeringspolitiken och fastighetssektorn genom en fallstudie som utfördes på den japanska marknaden. Tillämpligheten av studiens resultat diskuterades sedan kring huruvida liknande trender kan utläsas i andra ekonomier som står inför liknande demografiska och ekonomiska problem som Japan gör. Hur fastighetssektorn är kopplad till den generella ekonomin är ett relativt välstuderat ämne, de finns däremot färre studier som avhandlar kopplingar mellan regeringspolitik och fastighetsmarknadens utveckling. Studierna inom ämnet sammanfattar generellt att studiens resultat är beroende av landet och den specifika platsen, vilket visar att det finns en lucka i forskningen. Med tanke på att fastighetsmarknaden är kopplad till den generella ekonomins utveckling, samt att fluktuationer inom sektorn kan förstora upp- och nedgångar i den övergripande ekonomin, är det väsentligt att undersöka ämnet för att, exempelvis, illustrera den effekt politiska ändringar har på fastighetssektorn och därmed potentiellt den övergripande marknaden. Studiens tillvägagångsätt var att genomföra en kvantitativ analys genom användning av ekonometriska analysverktyg, såsom samverkan och Granger kausalitet. De ekonometriska analysresultatens robusthet diskuterades därefter ytterligare genom kvalitativ analys i form av intervjuer med experter inom ämnet. De ekonometriska resultatens, till andra ekonomiers, användbarhet analyserades med en enkel jämförelse av nyckelvariabler. Resultatet av studien indikerar att regeringspolitik har en mycket liten effekt på fastighetssektorn. Den ekonometriska analysen tyder vidare på att varken penning- eller finanspolitik har en märkbar effekt på fastighetssektorn, i synnerhet på prisutvecklingen. Motsatt till detta framgick det i intervjuerna med experter inom ämnet, att räntorna är det verktyg som används inom regeringspolitiken som har störst effekt på fastighetssektorn. Som slutsats hävdades det att den låga graden samverkan och bristen på kausalitet kan bero på att regeringspolitik har en indirekt effekt på fastighetssektorn då utbudet och efterfrågan ändras snarare än att det direkt leder till ändringar inom sektorn. Vad gäller tillämpningen av de ekonometriska resultaten noterades det att några av de nordiska länderna samt Tyskland kommer att möta liknande problem som Japan, gällande åldrande befolkning, urbaniseringsutveckling och låga räntor. Det noterades dock att de ekonometriska analysresultaten inte direkt kunde spegla sig i dessa marknader då en relativ enkel jämförelsemetod användes, men att resultaten kan agera som en riktlinje.
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Baumann, Mechthild, Astrid Lorenz, and Kerstin Rosenow. "Unintended effects of immigration policies for government and migrants." Budrich UniPress, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13062.
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In this chapter, we draw empirical and theoretical conclusions based on
the various analyses contained in this volume that focus on the European and U.S. migration regimes. We conclude that immigration policies have a multitude of unintended effects which affect both migrants and governments in the countries of origin, transit, and arrival.
This chapter begins with an overview of the interest policies inside and
outside the ‘defended’ territories. In the U.S. a lucrative internal market of border control has emerged, whereas the EU’s externalized border control includes the neighboring countries. The second part describes the unintended effects arising due to inconsistent general policies of the countries of arrival and origin, which often contradict the official immigration policies. Following this, the limited effect of border control measures on immigrants and their journeys are discussed. In the fourth section we explore in more detail the unintended effects in the form of new areas of cooperation, including new forms of self-organization, local interest groups, and sanctuary movements. The final section summarizes the various unintended effects and offers recommendations for decision makers in the field of migration policy.
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Diaz-Rodriguez, Ivonne D. "Government policies and water use in the Dominican Republic /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488193665234692.
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Chan, Sau-hung June. "Population mobility and government policies in Post-Mao China." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18716192.
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Alvarenga, Camila Rafaela. "The effects of brazilian government policies on higher education." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9903.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é desenvolver um modelo de equilíbrio geral dinâmico e estocástico (DSGE) que explique como incentivos governamentais ao ensino superior impactam nas escolhas educacionais de jovens indivíduos. A obtenção de capital humano através da educação superior oferece a indivíduos pobres uma chance de sair da pobreza. No Brasil, incentivos na forma de empréstimos educacionais (FIES), bolsas de estudos (ProUni) e expansão de universidades públicas (REUNI) são alguns dos programas através dos quais o governo pode estimular a acumulação de capital humano. Entre outras coisas, os resultados analíticos indicam que pessoas que possuem recursos suficientes para ter sucesso nos processos seletivos frequentam uma universidade pública, e que indivíduos com restrições financeiras podem preferir trabalhar e poupar em detrimento dos estudos. A análise de equilíbrio parcial revela que o FIES propicia aos jovens sem recursos uma chance de frequentar uma universidade, assim como o faz o ProUni. Entretanto, a análise sugere que o REUNI é o programa mais eficaz na promoção de igualdade de oportunidade no sistema de ensino superior brasileiro.
The main goal of this paper is to develop a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model that explains how governmental incentives for higher education impact on educational choices of young individuals. Human capital attainment through higher education gives poverty-trapped individuals a chance to escape poverty. In Brazil, incentives in the form of educational loans (FIES), college scholarships (ProUni) and expansion of public universities (REUNI) are some of the paths through which the government may affect human capital accumulation. Among other things, the analytical results indicate that agents who have enough resources to succeed in the selection process will further their studies in the public system, and that financially constrained individuals may prefer working and saving in detriment of their studies. The partial equilibrium analysis reveals that the FIES fund allows that some financially constrained individuals be given a chance to attend university, as does the ProUni scholarship. However, the analysis suggests that REUNI is the most effective educational incentive in the sense that it favors equality of opportunity in the higher education system.
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Marzah, Roni, and Budi Setiawan. "Analysis of government policies to support sustainable domestic defense industries." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45896.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedArmed forces all over the world need military equipment to support their security missions. Having a domestic defense industry is one approach that countries use to supply their armed forces’ requirements. The successful development of a domestic defense industry depends on many factors, but perhaps the most significant variable is the government. Because governments are both buyers and suppliers of national security, government policies are often designed by governments to defend and regulate domestic defense industries. This professional report explores the substance costs and benefits of various government policies to establish a sustainable defense industry. The report focuses on government policies in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and South Korea, because defense industries in those countries have proven track records and tend to be profitable and sustainable.
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Roffia, Barbara. "The sustainability of government financial policies in overlapping-generations models." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2828/.
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The objective of this thesis is to examine the implications of different government financial policies on the real sector of the economy. For this purpose we develop two overlapping-generations models. The first one allows us to evaluate the performance of the economy when debt is managed with different types of financial assets. A general result of the analysis is shown to be that an increase in the burden of debt leads to crowding out of the capital stock. A criterion for deriving endogenously the maximum sustainable level of debt within the model is also identified. The model turns out to be useful to provide an explanation of the poverty trap which is a very common phenomenon in some developing countries. The second model is developed to discuss the effects on the real economic variables of two different government deficit financing policies. The framework is an overlapping-generations monetary economy with population growth. Firstly, we analyse the effects of public deficit financing policy by injection of money into the economy at an exogenous constant rate and we emphasise the Mundell-Tobin (or non-superneutrality of money). Secondly, we extend the previous financing policy to include an endogenised money growth rate and we succeed in providing a powerful framework to explain the conditions under which dynamics of hyperinflation may arise. The novelty and importance of the findings are highlighted throughout the thesis.
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Hur, Hyungjo. "Three Essays on Policies to Help Government Improve Workforce Resilience." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492098355373946.
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Lee, Jong Soo. "Analysing policy variation in local government : an empirical study of social policies in Korean local government." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3567/.
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This thesis explores policy variation in local government. 'Me main purpose of the research is twofold; to examine the methodological issues in the analysis of policy variation in local government; and to further our understanding of Korean local government, which has been undergoing sweeping changes in recent years. In the first half of this thesis the distinction between output and process approaches is examined and reformulated in theoretical and methodological terms. Output studies are reclassified into four modes of explanation: socioeconomic analysis, political studies, urban hierarchy theory and incrementalism. A general model based on British literature is established for a process approach consisting of three dimensions: political leadership, administrative process and social inputs. The second half of the study examines local social policy-making in Korea with the aim of assessing the working of the newly-launched Korean local government system. A two-stage method is developed in the research design. In the first stage, an output analysis is carried out in order to identify how the outputs of local social policies vary and to what extent this variation is related to policy environments. In the second stage, the dynamics of the policy process are explored using a case study approach. This shows HOW political factors are associated with policy variation in local government. This study indicates in theory how the research question itself has predetermined not only the methods but also the findings of empirical studies. In the methodological dimension, six differences are noted between the output and process approaches. This study concludes by calling for more attention to innovation in the management side of Korean local government.
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Makhdoomi, Seema K. "Price competitiveness and performance of manufactured exports : a case study of Pakistan, 1970-93." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248663.
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Nqaphi, David Zibekile. "Government policies aimed at combating land degradation in Alfred Nzo District." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12404.
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Land degradation is a serious problem in communal district of Alfred Nzo, Eastern Cape in South Africa. The root causes of land degradation and soil erosion differ. The causes of land degradation in Alfred Nzo district communal areas are due to soil erosion by wind, water and poor agricultural practices. Rainfall is one of the most important climatic factor that contributed a lot in land degradation in the Alfred Nzo District. Other main factors contributing to land degradation include: Socio-economic factors related to historical land policies and inappropriate land uses, Poor land use planning, Drought and rainfall variability .Land use and management and sand mining. This study tried to pay more focus on the assessment of government policies which aimed at combating land degradation in South Africa in their nature but the area of focus will be Ntabankulu Local Municipality area in the project called Ematolweni Agricultural Co-operative Project. The reason to focus in this project is because they are currently practising crop production under electrified irrigation system but the main obstacle in this project are the dongas which are seemed to be a serious threat to the project site. During rainy seasons the project site is not easily accessible, that hampers access to market. There is also direct and serious effect of land degradation which is food insecurity which is emanating from loss of biodiversity and ground cover, loss of soil productivity, loss of income, decreased yield, and decline in economic productivity and national development. Lastly it is wisely recommended that to reduce the effect of land degradation in Alfred Nzo enlarge, government should strengthen the intervention programmes and provide more support to the LandCare programme which was the concept introduced in Australian and adopted in South Africa in 2001. This programme is assisting at restoring sustainability and productivity to land and water management in both rural and urban areas. It is holistic in nature, encompassing integrated sustainable natural resource management.
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Mensah, Valentin Kwasi. "The impact of culture and government policies on Ghana's economic development." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506076.
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Gonen, Rotem. "Shirking and shifting policies : uncooperative political appointees in Israeli local government." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1777/.
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How politicians attempt to control bureaucracies has been broadly discussed over the years in public administration and public choice studies. Seeking to maximize their political efficiency (their re-election), politicians rely on various monitoring mechanisms to overcome principal-agent problems. However, since monitoring methods are often limited and expensive, politicians turn their attention from supervision, to the attributes of supervisees. In an effort to increase compliance and conserve resources, politicians often replace career agents with political appointees. They view appointed agents as political allies who share their policy preferences and are therefore motivated to implement their policies. Most scholars assert that political-ideological agreement between politicians and appointees increases agency responsiveness. The present thesis contends that, under certain conditions, it can decrease bureaucratic cooperation. While political agreement may reduce shifting - appointees pursuing different policies than those set by their principals - it does not address the problem of shirking - the reluctance of agents to invest the necessary resources to effect change. No matter how closely appointees' views match those of their principals, political agents have strong incentives to shirk. On the other hand, policy agreement at the appointment stage encourages politicians to relax monitoring thereafter, as they assume that appointees are cooperating. Under these more relaxed conditions, appointees may choose to conserve their own resources and shirk. In order to explore political appointments, an empirical study of Israeli cities was conducted, for the political term of 1993-1998, During these years, local politicians were adopting New Public Management schemes (such as a contracting- out reform). In the process, mayors politically appointed to key executive roles associates whom they believed would forward the implementation of the reform. However, empirical exploration of Tel-Aviv, Holon and Beer-Sheva, largely reveal a failure to create responsive agencies prepared to contract-out services when relying on political appointees.
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Wu, Sin-leung Arthur, and 胡善樑. "The change in land policies of the HKSAR government since 1997." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966688.
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Zwarich, Natasha. "Policies and practices for e-mail management at the Canadian government." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123047.
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As government agencies perform a large number of operations through e-mail, appropriate e-mail management has become critical within the current information accessibility- and accountability-driven environment. The aim of this research is to understand how e-mail records are managed in the Canadian government agencies and identify the characteristics that support the management of e-mail records to ensure their reliability, integrity and authenticity. It sought to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the general principles of the e-mail management policies and guidelines within Canadian government agencies?; (2) To what extent are these e-mail management principles implemented in the government agencies?; (3) What are the variations and similarities of e-mail management practices across government agencies? To what extent are they effective?; and (4) What are the current practices to manage e-mail messages in order to ensure the reliability, integrity and authenticity of this specific type of electronic records in government agencies? To answer these questions, this research uses a mixed methods approach. Three data collection methods were used: (1) web-based survey with information management professionals working at the Canadian government agencies; (2) in-depth interviews with information management professionals involved in the process of e-mail management from six government agencies; and (3) the relevant documentation. While a statistical analysis was done on the data collection by using the web-based survey, a content analysis combining both inductive and deductive methods has been done on the interview data and relevant documentation. The results indicated that e-mail is a widely used form of communication within the Canadian government agencies. The practices to ensure the management of e-mail across agencies tend to vary. The type of policies and guidelines developed in agencies varies ranging from a specific e-mail management policy to a more general information management policy according to each agency's organizational context. In addition, an electronic recordkeeping system for the management, retrieval and access of e-mail records was identified as crucial to manage e-mail and ensure their reliability, integrity and authenticity. The results show that although several participants recognize the importance of e-mail in their work, their agencies often lack to practice compliance to their e-mail management policy, guidelines and system considerations. The results suggest that to be effective, the tools developed to manage e-mail records must be adapted to their organizational context and information flow of an organization. The results stressed the importance of managing e-mail records to: (1) ensure the continuity of the activities of the agencies; and (2) ensure the authenticity and integrity of e-mail records.These findings have led us to suggest a framework for a comprehensive e-mail management program that includes five components: (1) legal and organizational requirements; (2) records management requirements; (3) systems requirements; (4) training; and (5) auditing and compliance requirements. Based on the results of the research, we also developed an e-mail management policy model that can be adapted to government agencies as well as different organizational contexts.Plusieurs gouvernements effectuent un grand nombre d'activités par le biais du courrier électronique. La gestion du courrier électronique est aujourd'hui devenue critique, notamment dans le contexte actuel d'accès à l'information et de bonne gouvernance. La présente recherche vise à développer une meilleure compréhension de la gestion du courrier électronique dans les agences gouvernementales canadiennes et d'identifier les caractéristiques qui soutiennent la gestion de ces documents afin d'assurer leur fiabilité, intégrité et authenticité. La recherche vise à répondre à 4 questions: (1) Quels sont les principes généraux en matière de gestion du courrier électronique au sein des agences gouvernementales canadiennes? ; (2) Dans quelle mesure ces principes de gestion du courrier électronique sont-ils mis en œuvre? ; (3) Quelles sont les similitudes et les différences dans les pratiques de gestion du courrier électronique dans les agences gouvernementales canadiennes? Dans quelle mesure sont-elles efficaces? ; et (4) Quelles sont les pratiques actuelles de gestion du courrier électronique afin d'en garantir la fiabilité, l'intégrité et l'authenticité au Gouvernement du Canada? Pour répondre à ces questions, une méthodologie mixte a été utilisée. Trois méthodes de collecte de données ont été utilisées: (1) un sondage en ligne s'adressant aux professionnels en gestion de l'information qui oeuvrent au Gouvernement du Canada; (2) des entrevues semi-structurées avec des professionnels en gestion de l'information de 6 agences gouvernementales; et (3) la documentation pertinente. Dans un premier temps, une analyse statistique a été effectuée sur les données amassées à l'aide du sondage en ligne et, dans un second temps, une analyse de contenu a été effectuée sur les données recueillies par le biais d'entrevues et de la documentation pertinente.Les résultats de la recherche montrent que le courrier électronique est un outil de communication largement utilisé au sein des agences gouvernementales canadiennes. Or, les pratiques visant à assurer la gestion du courrier électronique varient entre les agences gouvernementales. En effet, le type de politique utilisé pour encadrer la gestion du courrier électronique diffère entre les agences allant d'une politique spécifique de gestion du courrier électronique à une politique plus générale de gestion de l'information variant selon le contexte organisationnel. En outre, l'utilisation d'un logiciel de gestion électronique des documents permettant la gestion, la recherche et l'accès aux messages électroniques a été identifié comme étant un outil essentiel à la gestion du courrier électronique, notamment pour assurer la fiabilité, l'intégrité et l'authenticité des messages. Les résultats montrent également que, malgré l'importance de la gestion du courrier électronique, un manque de conformité envers la politique de gestion du courrier électronique ou l'utilisation du système de gestion électronique des documents a été souligné par plusieurs participants. Les résultats suggèrent que pour être efficaces, les outils développés pour gérer le courrier électronique doivent être adaptés au contexte organisationnel et au flux d'information d'une organisation. Les résultats soulignent l'importance de la gestion du courrier électronique afin: (1) d'assurer la continuité des activités des agences gouvernementales, et (2) assurer l'authenticité et l'intégrité de ce type de document.Ces résultats nous ont amené à proposer un cadre théorique pour le développement d'un programme de gestion du courrier électronique qui comprend cinq composantes, les exigences: (1) légales et organisationnelles, (2) de gestion documentaire; (3) de systèmes informatiques; (4) de formation; et (5) de conformité et d'audit. Nous avons également développé un modèle de politique de gestion du courrier électronique qui peut être adapté, tant aux agences gouvernementales qu'à divers contextes organisationnels.
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Han, Chun Kwong. "Information technology policies and government information systems : a multiple level perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358788.
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Xue, Grace H. "Neighborhood Change an Gentrification: The Effects of Government Urban Revitalization Policies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/764.
Full textAbstract:
Since 2000, gentrification has accelerated in many U.S. metropolitan areas. Nearly 20 percent of US cities have experienced this phenomenon. It has been the cause of painful conflicts in many American cities, often along racial and economic fault lines. Neighborhood change is often viewed as a miscarriage of social justice, in which wealthy, usually white, newcomers are congratulated for "improving" a neighborhood whose poor, while minority residents are displaced by skyrocketing rents and economic change. Though, there hasn’t been much agreement on the causes of gentrification, the government is often blamed for its policy decisions made in regards to urban revitalization.
This paper examines the extent to which gentrification in four U.S. metropolitan areas, Washington D.C., Portland, Minneapolis and Philadelphia is associated with local government urban revitalization policies. In my study, I examine the neighborhoods that were affected by government revitalization efforts. Then I analyze data from the U.S. Census Bureau comparing the neighborhoods that gentrified with those that didn’t using a set of gentrification criteria. The results suggest that government policies is not the main driving force behind gentrification. In addition, these policies do not significantly improve conditions in non-gentrified tracts. Overall, neighborhoods that experienced gentrification experience tremendous neighborhood improvements.
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Dario, Diogo M. "Human security policies in the Colombian conflict during the Uribe government." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4516.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the use of narratives informed by the discourse of human security in the context of the Colombian conflict during the government of President Alvaro Uribe Velez (2002-2010). Its main contribution is to map the transformation of these narratives from the site of their formulation in the international institutions to the site of their appropriation into domestic settings; and then consider their role in the formation of the actors' strategies and the construction of the subjectivities of the individuals affected by the conflict dynamics. The research proceeds to this analysis through an investigation of the policies for the internally displaced and those relating to the rights of the victims informed by the framework of transitional justice. It shows that, with a combination of narratives of empowerment and reconciliation, they fulfill complementary roles in the construction of the subjectivities of individuals affected by the conflict in Colombia. The dissertation also concludes that the flexibility of the human security discourse allowed the Uribe government to reinforce its position.
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Cacho, Joyce Agnes Sabina. "Growth in Brazil's soybean processing industry and government policies, 1970-1993 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962507.
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Wu, Sin-leung Arthur. "The change in land policies of the HKSAR government since 1997." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23295417.
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Plevel, Steve Randolph 1939. "Factors affecting local government adoption of wildland-urban interface fire policies." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278541.
Full textAbstract:
Disastrous wildland-urban interface fires are an increasing problem throughout the United States. Local government is ultimately responsible for protection of property and life threatened by these fires. This study attempts to identify the factors that influence local policy-making in this arena. Information for this study was gathered from a review of the natural hazard and public policy literature as well as three case studies. The case study areas are Orange County, California; Oakland California; and Eastern Pima County, Arizona. Eight factors which influence local government policy-making were identified from the literature and confirmed through interviews. These factors include: acknowledgement; authority; participation; timing; cost; political influences; and liability. This study concluded that natural hazard research can be applied to wildland-urban interface fire. It also concluded that while there is increasing awareness of the wildland-urban interface fire problem there appears to be a need for a change of approach.
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Lit, Chun-wa, and 列俊華. "A review of taxi policies in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31945521.
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Lin, Shuk-may Lucia, and 連淑美. "A study of HKSAR Government's taxation policies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967553.
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Ng, Chi-hong, and 吳智康. "Hong Kong's strategies in competing for talents: policies and challenges." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50257304.
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Benu, Fredrik Lukas. "Farm productivity and farmers' welfare in West Timor, Indonesia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/333.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines agricultural productivity and farmers' welfare in West Timor, Indonesia. The driving force behind this study is to understand why the welfare of farmers has lagged behind others despite significant growth in the agricultural sector. The main research problem in this study is that while agricultural production has increased significantly in West Timor, the welfare of farmers has not increased as fast as that of non-farmers. To reduce the gap in income between farmers and nonfarmers, the growth of income of West Timor's farmers, as the indicator of their welfare, has to accelerate at least as fast as the growth of non-farmers' income. This target might be achieved if there is an appropriate policy of agricultural development implemented by the government. For this reason, evaluation of the structure of agricultural production, as well as the welfare of the farmers of West Timor, is an important issue that needs to be addressed. This study analyses the structure of agricultural production and the welfare of farmers in West Timor. An econometric method (Three Stage Least Squares) was used in modelling the agricultural system to evaluate the structure of the agricultural production as well as farmers' welfare in West Timor. A simultaneous equations model which consists of eight structural and four identity equations was constructed for the analysis of the structure, the estimation of elasticities from the regression coefficients and the subsequent policy analysis. The data used for the analysis are secondary data published by the Indonesian government.All data used in the model were time series data from 1979 to 1998 and gathered in the period between January and July 1999. The results of this research found that technical factors such as water availability. pasture capacity and irrigation channels influence the production of agriculture more than economic factors such as the price of products and cost of inputs. Too, population growth and the availability of socio-economic institutions such as cooperatives at the village level. have a significant influence on the agricultural production. Although technical factors influence the production of agriculture more than economic factors, subsequent policy analysis shows that an increase in agricultural credit as well as a reduction in the cost of production will still have a positive impact on the production of agriculture. A policy to increase the price of agricultural commodities at the farm gate, especially the price of live cattle and rice, will increase the profit of farmers, further motivating them to increase their overall production. There are six scenarios of the policy alternatives that are simulated in this study. These are: (1) the scenario of a 10 per cent increase in the size of irrigated areas, (2) the scenario of a 10 per cent increase in the amount of credit, (3) the scenario of a 35 per cent decrease in total cost per hectare of maize cultivation, (4) the scenario of a 10 units increase in the number of cooperatives, (5) the scenario of a 10 per cent increase in the price of live cattle at the farm gate, and (6) the scenario of a 10 per cent increase in the price of rice at the farm gate.The results of the policy analysis found that the largest positive impact on the agricultural sector output as well as farmers per capita income is derived from the scenario of a 10 per cent increase in the size of irrigated area. The scenarios of increasing amount of agricultural credit and the number of co-operatives have also generated a large positive impact on the agricultural sector output, but with a high increase in farmer population growth. Two other scenarios that have a large impact on the agricultural sector output as well as farmers' per capita income are the scenario of a 10 per cent increase in the price of live cattle and the price of rice. Based on the results of the policy analysis, two main policies that might be undertaken by the government to promote the growth of the agricultural sector and farmers' per capita income are expansion of irrigated areas and improving farmers' access to agricultural credit.
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Ng, Kar-wai, and 吳家慧. "A comparison of home ownership policies in Singapore and Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207658.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 1960s, as a result of the rapid and outstanding economic growth and industrialization, Hong Kong and Singapore, the two city-states in Asia, were named Asian Dragons among other Asian countries. Historically, both city-states were British colonies, and thus, they both shared similarities in the develop stage of the city in social, economic and political context. In the housing sectors, both city-states have also launched massive subsidized housing programme to facilitate their rapidly growth population with provision of affordable subsidized housing. To assist more residents to become home owners, a series of housing assistance programmes were implemented periodically to help the low and middle income households to climb up to the housing ladder. Despite that the government of Singapore and Hong Kong has implemented similar housing policies approach to their citizens in the beginning stage; yet, as at today, a different achievement in home ownership rate was resulted mainly due to different ruling of governance.
This dissertation will first review the home ownership policies of Hong Kong and Singapore in social, economic and political context. In Chapter 5, evaluation on the effectiveness in the subsidized housing supply, land supply, control of affordability of both city-states will be critically discussed and explained why different home ownership rate of Singapore and Hong Kong was achieved. To make this dissertation more fruitful, in Chapter 6, in-depth interviews with Legco members, scholar and graduated students who have profound knowledge in the housing sector would be discussed and analyzed. Last but not least, political obstacles of Hong Kong would be explained in comparing with Singapore in the final chapter. Recommendation on which part of the housing policies of Hong Kong can be learnt from Singapore will be debated from the result drawn from the key findings and the analysis from the in-depth interviews from the previous chapters.published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
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Bustamante-Lemus, Carlos. "Urban actors and government policies : the responses of small and medium-size industries to restructuring policies in Mexico City." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407977.
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Cheng, Chi-ho Howard, and 鄭之灝. "A study of social welfare policies for youth in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31236650.
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Burcea, Horatiu L. "Policies of cultural assimilation in Transylvania : Magyarization and Romanianization." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2009. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1538078.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the issue of cultural assimilation in terms of Romanianization and
Magyarization from the angle of a historical ethnography conducted in the Transylvanian village of Ghimeş-Făget, Bacău. These two concepts are readings of social change based on the assumption that the deep social transformations that Transylvania experienced during the changes of rule in the region
between Hungary and Romania were parallel to the implementation of deliberate strategies of
assimilation. More than simple reforms, these social changes are considered to have created shifts in the population's language, religion, sense of historical heritage and national identity. According to this
perspective, Transylvania thus became Magyarized during Hungarian rule, and Romanianized after
1920. Focusing on the evolution of the educational system as a key factor in the execution of these policies, this paper attempts to demonstrate how these two processes can be related to each other and become, in a sense, complementary; it also develops an interpretation of the phenomenon of reassimilation
through the concept of “national therapy.”Introduction : Transylvania's multiculturalism -- Literature and theory -- Research methods -- Historical ethnography of Ghimeş-Făget -- Conclusions.
Department of Anthropology
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Rohlin, Shawn M. "The impact of government policies on the location decisions of new business." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Moyle, Kathryn, and Kathryn Moyle@canberra edu au. "Digital technologies in Australian public schools : a narrative study of government policies." Swinburne University of Technology, 2002. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060721.132427.
Full textAbstract:
Policies advocating the use of digital technologies in government schools
are promoted by all public school education systems in Australia. This is
reflected in the release of political media statements, policies, plans,
budgets, digital networking rollouts, curriculum developments, and
professional development activities. Resources are being directed towards
such initiatives from within school education budgets and from
departmental and 'whole of government' initiatives, at state, territory and
federal levels. While there is considerable activity being supported by
governments, outside of these activities academic publications specifically
about these school level initiatives are limited.
This research sets out to answer the question: 'what does public schooling
mean in Australia in the 21st century given its past tradition of free,
compulsory and secular schooling, and given the present policies that are
urging the ubiquitous use of digital technologies?' The purpose of this
research is to interpret, understand and explain the policies of the public
schooling systems in Australia advocating the use of digital technologies. In
doing so, this thesis aims to contribute to the development of a stock of
Australian research specifically in the schooling sector, about the use of
digital technologies in schools. Further, this thesis aims to stimulate and add
to the conversations concerning these policies. It is argued that the use of
digital technologies in schooling has the capacity to redefine what has
previously been understood by 'public schooling'.
This thesis is the outcome of an interpretative social inquiry where narrative
theory and hegemony have provided its theoretical bases. This thesis has not
set out to merge these theories nor has it attempted to reconcile the internal
differences within them, but rather, to draw from them, and to use
approaches that are pertinent to this study. While such an approach may be
contentious and bring some inherent difficulties, the intention of the research has been to draw upon the abstract understandings afforded by
these theories and apply them to concrete, particular, yet newly emerging
educational activities. This is to provide interpretative and explanatory
perspectives to the advocated use of digital technologies in Australian
schools and systems, and, in Chapter Six, to forward a proposition for future
action.
There are several different ways in which this thesis could have been
approached and finally could have been structured. Likewise, there are
many avenues that require research but have been left without investigation
due to limitations of size, space and time. This is not to negate their
importance, but rather it is to recognise the limits of this project and to
highlight the necessity for more research to be undertaken.
Throughout the thesis distance education has been considered in conjunction
with the policies directly impinging upon 'face to face' schooling. It is
argued that with the advocated use of digital technologies as an inherent part
of public schooling, there is emerging, a convergence in these two styles of
schooling. Further it is argued that experiences from school level distance
education practitioners have the potential to offer some insights that may be
useful for those in 'face to face' schools using digital technologies. It is
intended then, that the implications from this research will have the capacity
to influence how we view centrally developed school education policies,
curriculum leadership and management as well as what is intended to
happen in the classroom.
The thesis has been arranged into three parts. The first three chapters
comprise Part One. Chapter One identifies the research space for the thesis.
This is achieved by describing the fields of research from which this thesis
draws, and introduces the theoretical bases used in the research space
identified for this thesis. Chapter Two provides the theoretical bases for the
thesis in more detail. In doing so, positivist approaches to the research are
rejected. Chapter Three describes the research methods used to interpret,understand and explain the public schooling sectors' digital technologies
policies. Together, these three chapters provide an outline of the nature of
the research undertaking, and the theories and methods used.
Part Two also has three chapters. These are structured around the temporal
concept important to narrative theory; that of the past, the present and the
future. Chapter Four looks to the past and provides an account of the history
and three traditions, it is argued, impinge upon this research project. In
particular, this chapter discusses what was intended by the phrase 'public
education' in Australia during the 19th and 20th centuries. This chapter
establishes the context for the interpretations of the policies that follow.
Chapter Five seeks to understand and explain the policy narratives of the
present, defined as the research period between 1997 and 2001. This period
of time is thought of as sitting temporally between the past history and
traditions outlined in Chapter Four and the possible scenarios for the future,
proposed in Chapter Six.
Part Three brings the thesis to its conclusion by reflecting on the central
question identified for this thesis: 'what does public schooling mean in
Australia in the 21st century, given its past tradition of free, compulsory and
secular schooling, and given the present policies that are urging the
ubiquitous use of digital technologies?'
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CAPELETI, PAULO RODRIGO. "MACROPRUDENTIAL POLICIES AT WORK: HOW DO GOVERNMENT-OWNED BANKS AFFECT CREDIT MARKETS?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35232@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Como políticas macroprudenciais no mercado de crédito afetam o spread bancário? Para responder essa questão nós propomos um modelo de competição bancária que contempla diferenças de comportamento observadas entre bancos públicos e privados bem como particularidades do mercado de crédito para pessoas jurídicas vis-à-vis o mercado de crédito para pessoas físicas. Nós resolvemos o modelo e o calibramos usando parâmetros da economia Brasileira, onde os bancos públicos possuem quase metade do estoque de crédito da economia, além de terem desempenhado forte papel contracíclico no mercado de crédito nos últimos anos. Subsequentemente, nós usamos as condições de equilíbrio do modelo para estudar os efeitos de medidas macroprudenciais no mercado de crédito sobre os spreads bancários. Os resultados mostram que políticas de expansão de crédito via bancos públicos são mais eficientes em reduzir o spread quando implementadas durante períodos de recessão do que quando implementadas em períodos expansão econômica.
How countercyclical macroprudential credit policies affect the loan spread? To answer this question, we propose a microeconomic model of bank competition that contemplates differences in the behavior of public and private banks and the peculiarities of the market for corporate loans vis-a-vis the market for consumer loans. We solve the model and calibrate it using parameters of the Brazilian economy, where government-owned banks not just have accounted for almost half of the outstanding loans in the credit market but also have played a strong countercyclical role in the economy. Subsequently, we use the equilibrium conditions of the model to study the effects of macroprudential credit policies on loan spreads. The results indicate that credit expansion by public banks is more effective to reduce loans interest rates during recession periods than during periods of economic expansion.
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Gadhok, Neil 1978. "A system impact analysis of government policies and regulations concerning demand response." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79506.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-43).
A vision of distributed energy generation, storage, electric vehicles and a "smart-grid" has been the driving force of a number of regulations and policies to promote a steady evolution of the existing & future infrastructure relating to the generation, transmission, distribution and retailing of electrical energy. Demand Response (DR) is often cited for smoothing this evolution as it has the ability to shave peaks and provide flexibility in load to dynamically adapt to an increasingly variable supply from renewable energy resources. In general, there are regulations and policies which are inadvertently increasing supply volatility (e.g., wind & solar). There are regulations and policies increasing technology adoption to decrease supply volatility (e.g., storage). There are regulations and policies which are inadvertently increasing demand volatility (e.g., electric vehicles). Finally, there are regulations and policies to increase technology adoption to decrease demand volatility (e.g., demand response). While the individual regulations are well-intentioned, from a holistic point-of-view, it is unclear how the combination of these government regulations will influence the electricity industry. The approach to answer this question is the creation of a System Dynamics Model of the Electricity industry highlighting demand response, energy efficiency initiatives, electric vehicles, storage, and variable energy resources and associated regulatory levers. The model was used to analyze the impact of regulations on the medium to long term dynamics of the industry. The result is a hypothesis that there will be a need for extra government incentives to increase the adoption of distributed generation, storage and demand response to align with the forecasted adoption rate of variable energy resources and electric vehicles in order to maintain grid reliability.
by Neil Kamal Gadhok.
S.M.
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Park, Eun Jung. "The effect of government tax policies on fertility rates of educated women." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2004. http://worldcat.org/oclc/449697132/viewonline.
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Prihatinah, Tri Lisiani. "Women and income generating projects: the gender impacts of Indonesian government policies." Thesis, Prihatinah, Tri Lisiani (2005) Women and income generating projects: the gender impacts of Indonesian government policies. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/268/.
Full textAbstract:
Gender inequality and poverty are two serious problems for developing countries where the majority of women have been victims of the cultural, socio-economic, political, and environmental impacts of development. The gender dimension of poverty focuses on the dilemma of women, their multiple roles as women and their roles in alleviating poverty. The literature on women and poverty abounds with numerous cases and other evidence of women's vulnerability and heavier economic and socio-cultural burden of poverty. Women are also known to be discriminated against in terms of economic safety, lack of basic needs support, work access, opportunities, and payment. Despite these factors, women have a greater sense of responsibility and are more accountable towards sustaining programs designed to alleviate poverty among the poor. In Indonesia, as elsewhere in the world, micro-credit is being used as a major vehicle which serves women for improving their wellbeing, reduce vulnerability, and also as a starter point to empower women. Using findings drawn from a study on the
Indonesian Government policies and the implementation of two particular micro-credit schemes, namely Tabungan Kesejahteraan Rakyat (Takesra) and Kredit Keluarga Sejahtera (Kukesra). This thesis explores the two basic and especially important issues of poverty and women empowerment. Firstly, it views poverty within gender and sustainability perspectives, and secondly, evaluates the impacts of the micro-credit schemes under Takesra and Kukesra. The thesis argues that poverty reduction among women is consistent with the concept of gender and development which is particularly reinforced within the sustainability agenda. The conditions to do so, however, have internal and external constraints strongly manifested in the operation of the micro-credit schemes. The evidence from the empirical research conducted in three districts of Central Java, Indonesia - namely Brebes, Purbalingga and Cilacap - shows the first type of constraints to refer to weaknesses of the schemes themselves, such as incomplete and misdirected indicators for success, small size of available loans and long duration of repayment terms. The second refers to the socio-economic aspects of sustainability, including the economic conditions which do not allow market access to poor women and cultural manipulations which result in overburdens to women. Both diminish the role of the schemes as a poverty solution.
From the analysis and lessons learned from best practices in other countries, it is suggested that the Indonesian Government policies need to be refocuses in order to deal with the internal and external constraints and allow for an advance to be achieved in poverty alleviation and women empowering. The Takesra and Kukesra schemes in a revised form based on the developed new model for micro-credit delivery, should continue to play a role in providing credit to poor women to encourage skill development and capacity building, support the process of women empowerment and potentially contribute towards a more sustainable society.
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Prihatinah, Tri Lisiani. "Women and income generating projects : the gender impacts of Indonesian government policies /." Prihatinah, Tri Lisiani (2005) Women and income generating projects: the gender impacts of Indonesian government policies. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/268/.
Full textAbstract:
Gender inequality and poverty are two serious problems for developing countries where the majority of women have been victims of the cultural, socio-economic, political, and environmental impacts of development. The gender dimension of poverty focuses on the dilemma of women, their multiple roles as women and their roles in alleviating poverty. The literature on women and poverty abounds with numerous cases and other evidence of women's vulnerability and heavier economic and socio-cultural burden of poverty. Women are also known to be discriminated against in terms of economic safety, lack of basic needs support, work access, opportunities, and payment. Despite these factors, women have a greater sense of responsibility and are more accountable towards sustaining programs designed to alleviate poverty among the poor. In Indonesia, as elsewhere in the world, micro-credit is being used as a major vehicle which serves women for improving their wellbeing, reduce vulnerability, and also as a starter point to empower women. Using findings drawn from a study on the
Indonesian Government policies and the implementation of two particular micro-credit schemes, namely Tabungan Kesejahteraan Rakyat (Takesra) and Kredit Keluarga Sejahtera (Kukesra). This thesis explores the two basic and especially important issues of poverty and women empowerment. Firstly, it views poverty within gender and sustainability perspectives, and secondly, evaluates the impacts of the micro-credit schemes under Takesra and Kukesra. The thesis argues that poverty reduction among women is consistent with the concept of gender and development which is particularly reinforced within the sustainability agenda. The conditions to do so, however, have internal and external constraints strongly manifested in the operation of the micro-credit schemes. The evidence from the empirical research conducted in three districts of Central Java, Indonesia - namely Brebes, Purbalingga and Cilacap - shows the first type of constraints to refer to weaknesses of the schemes themselves, such as incomplete and misdirected indicators for success, small size of available loans and long duration of repayment terms. The second refers to the socio-economic aspects of sustainability, including the economic conditions which do not allow market access to poor women and cultural manipulations which result in overburdens to women. Both diminish the role of the schemes as a poverty solution.
From the analysis and lessons learned from best practices in other countries, it is suggested that the Indonesian Government policies need to be refocuses in order to deal with the internal and external constraints and allow for an advance to be achieved in poverty alleviation and women empowering. The Takesra and Kukesra schemes in a revised form based on the developed new model for micro-credit delivery, should continue to play a role in providing credit to poor women to encourage skill development and capacity building, support the process of women empowerment and potentially contribute towards a more sustainable society.
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Shin, Hyeon Joon. "The Effects of Foreign Aid on Government Policies: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/884.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 1 develops a two-period general equilibrium trade-theoretic model to examine if foreign aid discourages the recipient countries from pursuing trade liberalization. In the model, foreign aid is given to the recipient in period two and its amount is negatively related to the period-one real income. The recipient optimally chooses a tariff on imports. It can also choose domestic investment endogenously in period one, and this choice has an important bearing on our main result. We consider two variants of the model depending upon whether the recipient can or cannot have access to international borrowing. In the case without international borrowing, when domestic investment is exogenous, optimal tariff is zero. In contrast, when domestic investment is endogenous, optimal tariff is positive. This positive optimal tariff is induced by the link of aid negatively to the period-one real income. In the case with international borrowing, even though domestic investment is exogenous, optimal tariff is positive. But the reason for the positive tariff is its beneficial effect on an improvement in the terms-of-trade of international borrowing. When, in addition, domestic investment is endogenous, the tying of aid increases positive optimal tariffs further. Chapter 2 develops a microeconomic model of health policies and the optimal allocation of health aid in a poor recipient country. In the model, each poor household in the country chooses the optimal number of sick children taken to hospitals to maximize its lifetime utility. There are three policy options for policymakers to improve public health: raising the quality of health care, providing more preventive care and reducing the cost of health care. We examine how three policy options influence the optimal number of sick children who are medically treated. Also, the country's health authority allocates health aid for three policy options to support poor households' lifetime utility maximization. We find that more health aid should be allocated for cost reduction in health care so as to help poor households maximize their lifetime utility. Chapter 3 primarily examines the hypothesis that there is heterogeneity in health aid, that is, different types of health aid work differently for health outcomes in aid-recipient countries. In order to test our hypothesis, we first disaggregate health aid per capita data into three policy options: health aid per capita for improving the quality of health care, health aid per capita for providing preventive care and health aid per capita for reducing the cost of health care. Then, we empirically examine the effects of disaggregated health aid on three different health indicators: child mortality, life expectancy and death rate. Using a panel data set of 119 aid-recipient countries from 1975 and 2010, we find supporting evidence for the hypothesis of heterogeneity in health aid. We find no empirical evidence of the beneficial effects of health aid on reducing child mortality. In contrast, we find that an improvement in life expectancy and a reduction in death rate are driven mostly by health aid for reducing the cost of health care. We also find that there is heterogeneity in the allocation of health aid. Health aid for preventive care and the cost reduction of health care is allocated by the needs of the recipients. However, more health aid for the quality of health care flows to countries with better health status.