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Mashele, Hlukanisa Prince. "Locating the institution of traditional leadership within the institutional framework of South Africa's new democracy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007512.
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This study looks into the role of the institution of traditional leadership in post-apartheid South Africa. It seeks to critically engage the debate on how to locate the institution within the new politico-constitutional framework. This is done with the main objective of proposing an altemative to the current state of affairs vis-à-vis traditional leadership and governance in South Africa. In order to clear the ground, the study first deals with the important question of democracy in relation to the institution of traditional leadership. In this regard, the study unearthed that the institution of traditional leadership is fundamentally undemocratic in character, as it is largely based on heredity and devoid of principles of democracy such as equality, accountability, etc. In order to put matters into perspective the study also delves into the history of the institution of traditional leadership with the aim of getting to the role that traditional leaders played in various epochs of South Africa's political development. This investigation reveals that the denting of the integrity of the institution of traditional leadership began with the advent of colonialism and worsened by successive apartheid regimes. It is at these stages of development that the institution was subordinated to a higher authority that sought to use the institution as an instrument of domination and oppression of the black majority. Considering this role, it would seem that the place that the space that the institution occupies in the post-apartheid South African governance framework is a compromise. The institution plays an advisory role at all levels of government - with their houses in both national and provincial legislatures, whilst traditional leaders sit as ex-officio members on local councils. However, traditional leaders fiercely contest this position as, in their view, this limits their powers. The main argument of this study is that for traditional leaders to be given an advisory role in the current and future governance framework of the country is a step in the right direction, as that serves to insulate the institution from active politics. For that reason, the study recommends that the institution of traditional leadership should occupy a cultural space in society - meaning that it should be responsible for the preservation of African customs and culture. This, therefore, means that the institution is better-placed to advise government on cultural and customary aspects of development. Whilst playing this role, the institution of traditional leadership should also -be brought into line with democratic ways of governance.
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Cele, Cyprian Godfrey Nhlanhla. "The human resources capacity of Endumeni Municipality as a developmental local government institution." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53641.
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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The post-apartheid era in South Africa has been marked by a whole range of important changes. At local government, these changes have been manifested by, among other things, the change in strategy from regulatory to developmental local government. Interms of the open systems approach to organisational change, changes in one part of an organisation need to be complemented by matching changes in other parts of the organisation. This is the premise that forms the basis of this study. It is argued particularly that the success of developmental local government hinges, to a large extent, on complementary changes being made in other departments of a municipality. The study focuses on one of these departments, namely the human resources (HR.) department of a municipality. It investigates Endumeni Municipality, and researches whether it has the necessary HR capacity to cope with the new strategy of developmental local government. This is subsequently followed by recommendations derived from the findings. HR capacity is defined as the combination of the following key variables: strategic partnership between the HR function and other functions of a municipality; integration of HR policies, systems and competencies with the developmental mission of a municipality; coherence among the different components of the HR strategy; flexibility of the HR strategy; and Alignment of the culture of a municipality with its developmental mission. The study is descriptive in character. It makes use of a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods of investigation. The qualitative method comprises interviews with key informants and an analysis of official documents. The quantitative method, on the other hand, consists of a questionnaire that is administered to the Councillors of the municipality. The study came to a conclusion that Endumeni Municipality lacks the HR capacity to carry out its developmental functions. To remedy this situation, the following recommendations have been suggested: (i) The current role of the HR section has to be reviewed with the view to elevate it to the level of a strategic partner. (ii) The HR competencies, policies and practices of the municipality are still embedded in the outdated system of regulatory local government. These must also come up for review so that they can be re-aligned with developmental local government. (iii) There is generally lack of co-ordination among the various components of HR strategy. These must be re-aligned so that they can complement each other. (iv) The municipality is currently finding it difficult to discard the old HR strategies, a point which suggests rigidity on the part of these strategies. Inorder to cope with the changing environmental conditions, the municipality needs to have some flexibility in its HR strategies. (v) Finally, the prevailing culture still shows elements, which support the old system. This has to be addressed in order to create a new culture that is consistent with developmental local government.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die post-apartheid era in Suid-Afrika word gekenmerk deur 'n reeks baie belangrike veranderinge. Op plaaslike regeringsvlak word hierdie veranderinge, onder andere gekenmerk deur die verandering in strategie van regulerende na ontwikkelende plaaslike regering. Volgens die oopstelselbehadering tot organisatoriese verandering moet veranderinge in een afdeling van 'n organisasie aangevul te word deur soortgelyke veranderinge in ander afdelings van die organisasie. Hierdie stelling vorm die basis van hierdie studie. Daar word geargumenteer dat die sukses van ontwikkelende plaaslike regering in "n groot mate rus op aanvullende veranderinge wat gemaak word in ander afdelings van die munisipaliteit. Hierdie studie fokus op een van hierdie afdelings, naamlik Menslike Hulpbronne (MH). "n Studie word gedoen om te bepaal of Endumeni Munisipaliteit oor die nodige MR beskik om die nuwe strategie van ontwikkelende plaaslike regering te ondersteun. Dit word gevolg deur aanbevelings wat spruit uit die bevindings. MH - kapasiteit word gedefinieer as "n kombinasie van die volgende sleutelveranderlikes: n strategiese venootskap tussen die MR-funksie en ander funksies van "n munisipaliteit; inskakeling van MH-beleide, stelsel en - vaardighede met die ontwikkelingsmissie van' n munisipaliteit; samehorigheid tussen die verskillende komponente van die MR - strategie; aanpasbaarheid van die MR - strategie; en gerigtheid van die kultuur van' n munisipaliteit op sy ontwikkelingsmissie. Die studie is beskrywend van aard. Dit maak gebruik: van "n kombinasie van kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes van ondersoek. Die kwalitatiewe metode behels onderhoude met belangrike informante en ontleding van amptelike dokumente. Die kwantitatiewe metode, aan die ander kant, behels "n vraelys wat versprei word onder ampsdraers van die munisipaliteit. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat Endumeni Munisipaliteit nie oordie MHkapasiteit beskik om sy ontwikkelingsfunksie uit te voer nie. Die volgende aanbevelings word gedoen, om hierdie probleem op te los: (i) Die huidige rol van die MH - seksie moet hersien word om dit uit te lig na die vlak van "n strategiese vennoot. (ii) Die MR - vaardighede, beleide en praktyke van die munisipaliteit verteenwoordig steeds "n uitgediende stelsel van regulerende plaaslike bestuur. Dit moet hiersien word en in lyn gebring word met die ontwikkelende plaaslike regering. (iii) In die algemeen is daar min samewerking tussen die verskeie komponente van die MR - strategie. Hulle moet in lyn gebring word sodat hulle mekaar kan komplimenteer. (iv) Die munisipaliteit vind dit moeilik om ontslae te raak van die ou MH - strategie, "n punt wat die onbuigsaamheid van hierdie strategieë bewys. Om by te bly met die veranderende omgewingstoestande, moet die munisipaliteit buigsaamheid in sy MR - strategie hê. (v)- Ten slote, die huidige kultuur toon steeds elemente wat die ou stelsel steun. Dit moet aangespreek word om "n nuwe kultuur te ontwikkel wat in ooreenstemming . is met ontwikkelende plaaslike regering.
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Savitri, Telviani. "Analysing relocation policy and employee motivation : a case study of an Indonesian government institution." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20069/.
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Employee relocation can be a contentious area in managing people in large, geographically dispersed organisations. This research project is based on a case study of a single Indonesian government organisation and analyses employees’ perceptions of its relocation policy and its effect on their motivation and retention. The thesis explores employees’ perceptions surrounding the organisation’s relocation policy and adds to the literature on human resource management in the Indonesian public sector. The thesis is based on qualitative research methods and the data for the study derives primarily from 44 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with employees and managers. The data is further supplemented by an analysis of documentary materials. In comparison with what most existing research on domestic relocation has argued, this thesis suggests a different perspective for looking at the impact of relocation. For example, the findings suggest that there is an absence of a ‘public service motivation’, yet the perception of unfairness and the lack of facilities do not play a significant role in affecting the employees’ motivation. Although the relocation policy has affected the motivation of employees in a negative way due to separation from their families, a lack of support from the organisation, uncertainty over relocation policy implementation and frustration with favouritism/nepotism in the decisions of senior management, other factors have had a more dominant influence in helping retain employees within the organisation. The thesis argues that although employees perceived a breach in the psychological contract, the internalisation of multiple organisational commitments, and other pragmatic reasons explained why there was no drop in motivation, and why they choose to stay with the organisation regardless of their dissatisfaction with overall relocation practice.
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Häge, Frank Michael. "Determinants of Government Size the Capacity for Partisan Policy under Political Constraints. /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10806343.
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Labuschagne, Hendrik Josephus. "The relationship between knowledge creation dimensions and the entrepreneurial performance of a local government institution in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24409.
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Various challenges in local government are forcing municipalities to consider alternative models and methodologies of management to deliver services and improve the quality of people’s lives. A literature review of the entrepreneurship field of study confirms the need for entrepreneurship in the public sector, which includes local government, and indicates that it is not only applicable but in fact essential for the public sector to become more entrepreneurial. The research study examines specific individual behavioural and organisational factors that facilitate knowledge creation and enhance the potential of entrepreneurial success in public institutions and local government specifically. The city where the research was conducted implemented alternative operating models and structures by establishing separate utilities and agencies for trading and key service delivery functions, that relate to the concepts of public and corporate entrepreneurship (CE). The research objective was to determine whether the interventions implemented contributed to entrepreneurial knowledge creation, affected managerial behaviour, and had any relationship with the entrepreneurial characteristics and performance of the relevant entities (agencies) and traditional core departments that were maintained. The entrepreneurial performance (intensity), organisational characteristics and key business dimensions as variables related to firm-level entrepreneurial orientation (organisational culture), as well as knowledge creation dimensions (learning styles) of managerial staff, which include the concepts of ‘cognitive analytical propensity’ (CAP) and ‘progressive action propensity’ (PAP), were assessed. The entrepreneurial performance index (EPI) measurement instrument was used to assess the performance of each selected agency and core department. The CAP as well as PAP levels of managerial staff were measured by the Honey and Momford (1992) learning style questionnaire (LSQ). The results indicate that there are no significant variances in the entrepreneurial performance of core departments and independent municipal entities (agencies) of the local government organisation. Significant variances in key business dimensions of core departments and municipal agencies have however been identified, which indicate that the managerial staff regard agencies as being less bureaucratic in terms of resource management practices. Organisational characteristics and ‘Active initiative’ (AI) levels of senior management staff have a positive correlation with entrepreneurial performance, while CAP levels of managerial staff have a negative correlation. These findings have serious and extensive implications for the nature of recruitment, as well as training and development practices to promote entrepreneurship in general and in local government specifically. The primary emphasis that is currently placed on the development of ‘cognitive’ competencies to promote entrepreneurship is subsequently questioned and it is accordingly argued that ‘active initiative’ should be developed instead. The study concludes that the extensive transformation programme that was implemented in the local government organisation, and that resulted in the establishment of independent municipal agencies did not have a significant positive effect on the entrepreneurial and overall performance of organisational units. It is further deduced that the adjustment of structures, operating practices and corporatisation alone are not sufficient to improve entrepreneurial and overall performance and that the primary distinguishing factor might in effect be related to entrepreneurial behaviour, leadership skills and competencies of managerial staff which should be developed.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Business Management
unrestricted
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Plassart, Marie. "Penser le nationalisme aux Etats-Unis : les musées de la Smithsonian Institution, 1945-1980." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20068/document.
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A travers l’étude des musées de la Smithsonian Institution dans les décennies qui suivent la Seconde Guerre mondiale, cette thèse propose des pistes méthodologiques pour penser le nationalisme aux Etats-Unis. La Smithsonian Institution regroupe des activités de recherche, financées par des fonds indépendants et par des subsides fédéraux, et les Musées Nationaux, essentiellement financés par l’Etat fédéral. Ces musées sont pour la plupart situés sur le National Mall à Washington, dans le centre monumental de la capitale fédérale. Ils sont un observatoire privilégié du nationalisme : en effet, ils se situent à l’articulation entre le pouvoir fédéral et l’activité des professionnels des musées, ce qui permet d’évaluer le degré d’implication de l’Etat dans les Musées Nationaux et la contribution de ce dernier à l’entretien du sentiment national en leur sein. Par ailleurs, la création de nouveaux musées et de nouvelles expositions pose la question de la temporalité dans laquelle s’inscrivent les pratiques nationalistes. Enfin, le rôle des musées, entre explication des phénomènes universels et représentation de la nation, reflète la tension entre l’universel et le particulier qui fonde le nationalisme, compris comme une manière nationale d’être au mondeThis dissertation focuses on the Smithsonian Museums in the decades following World War II and tests ways of conceptualizing nationalism in the United States. The Smithsonian Institution includes some research bureaus, which are funded with federal and independent funds, and the National Museums, mostly run with federal funds. Almost all National Museums are situated on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., at the monumental heart of the federal capital. They provide an observatory of nationalism, as they are a contact zone between the federal power and museum people, which brings to light the degree to which the government gets involved in the National Museums and the federal contribution to the maintenance of national feelings through museums. Besides, the creation of new museums and new exhibitions suggests that nationalist practices develop within a specific time frame. Finally, as museums oscillate between the exhibition of universal phenomena and that of national features, they magnify the tension between universalism and particularism that is the basis for nationalism, defined as a national way of belonging to the world
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Kapa, Motlamelle Anthony. "Consolidating democracy through integrating the chieftainship institution with elected councils in Lesotho: a case study of four community councils in Maseru." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002996.
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This study analyses the relationship between the chieftainship institution and the elected councils in Lesotho. Based on a qualitative case study method the study seeks to understand this relationship in four selected councils in the Maseru district and how this can be nurtured to achieve a consolidated democracy. Contrary to modernists‟ arguments (that indigenous African political institutions, of which the chieftainship is part, are incompatible with liberal democracy since they are, inter alia, hereditary, they compete with their elective counterparts for political power, they threaten the democratic consolidation process, and they are irrelevant to democratising African systems), this study finds that these arguments are misplaced. Instead, chieftainship is not incompatible with liberal democracy per se. It supports the democratisation process (if the governing parties pursue friendly and accommodative policies to it) but uses its political agency in reaction to the policies of ruling parties to protect its survival interests, whether or not this undermines democratic consolidation process. The chieftainship has also acted to defend democracy when the governing party abuses its political power to undermine democratic rule. It performs important functions in the country. Thus, it is still viewed by the country‟s political leadership, academics, civil society, and councillors as legitimate and highly relevant to the Lesotho‟s contemporary political system. Because of the inadequacies of the government policies and the ambiguous chieftainship-councils integration model, which tend to marginalise the chieftainship and threaten its survival, its relationship with the councils was initially characterised by conflict. However, this relationship has improved, due to the innovative actions taken not by the central government, but by the individual Councils and chiefs themselves, thus increasing the prospects for democratic consolidation. I argue for and recommend the adoption in Lesotho of appropriate variants of the mixed government model to integrate the chieftainship with the elected councils, based on the re-contextualised and re-territorialised conception and practice of democracy, which eschews its universalistic EuroAmerican version adopted by the LCD government, but recognises and preserves the chieftainship as an integral part of the Basotho society, the embodiment of its culture, history, national identity and nationhood.
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Kim, Suhee. "Central control and local government performance in the context of fiscal crises : the South Korean experience." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21031.
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Rescued from Japanese colonization after 36 years, Korea resumed independence as The Republic of Korea in 1948 grounded on liberal democracy. The democratic institution promised a system of separation of power, democratic rights and freedom for all people. In this context, local autonomy was experimented with but soon ceased due to internal instability and local government was suspended until the 1990s. Institutionally Korean central government undertook a steady shift toward decentralization over the past two decades or so, but that shift has more recently been tempered by the exercise of stronger central controls facing fiscal crises. This thesis argues that centralism is still a predominant ideology in intergovernmental relations despite the implementation of local autonomy. Central controls exhibited democratic change in some cases but the core nature of controlling local government has survived through institutional change appearing in different modes since the introduction of local autonomy. The democratic change in central control is declared to increase local autonomy. From this viewpoint, the democratic change in central control is assumed to improve the performance of local government based on the theory that the growth of local autonomy motivates local government to improve its performance. Financial crises were used to justify the revival of pervasive central controls. So this thesis is concerned with the relationship between central control and local performance in the context of fiscal crisis, whose focus is driven by the experience of fiscal crises over recent years in Korea. An extensive statistical analysis, drawing on a unique data base, reveals that, despite the local autonomy rhetoric, overall current central controls have a negative link with local government performance. Democratic change of central controls has not significantly improved the performance of local government. This evidence supports the view that even after the revival of local autonomy in Korea; central control plays a role of regulator rather than a role of constructive engagement with local government and emphasises institutional stability. Thus central government has not yet developed the creative potential of democratic local government and should more positively make an effort to establish democratic central-local government relations.
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Shahmurad, Omar Ibrahim Hassan Ahmed. "Framework to improve government auditing with particular reference to the performance of the State Audit Institution (SAI) in the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3949.
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The increased role of governments in planning and controlling socio-economic development, results in huge government expenditures on programmes and activities. This increases the importance of the government budgeting and accounting system as a tool for planning, managing and controlling this huge increase in government activities. The external auditing and controlling authority ( State Audit Institution ) can strengthen the monitoring and controlling mechanism by performing not only a regularity and compliance audit, but by extending its role to include the examination, evaluation and audit of the economy, efficiency, effectiveness results of government programmes and activities.This study analyses the performance of the State Audit Institution in the U.A.E. in this regard, and identifies deficiencies. Suggestions for improvement, in terms of a more comprehensive, integrated performance approach, are made. As prerequisites to such expansion of the government auditing system, it will be necessary also to reform the government budgeting system. Adoption of the programme performance approach is recommended. Moreover, the need is identified for improvements to the accounting information system, to generate data and information which can respond efficiently and effectively to users' needs for information about programme operations. Internal and external obstacles which impede the effectiveness of the State Audit Institution must be addressed, to facilitate the introduction of an integrated approach to auditing the administrative sector in the United Arab Emirates, thereby safeguarding public resources and enhancing the effectiveness of socio-economic development efforts.
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Vaculová, Ilona. "Debyrokratizace veřejné správy pomocí eGovernmentu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264413.
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The subject of this master thesis is the use of e-government by citizens and public administration and its impact on debureaucratization of environment. The thesis will initially focus on the characteristics of bureaucracy, de-bureaucratization and the characteristics and evolution of e-government. The first half of the practical part is devoted to e-government and debureaucratization of the citizen view, its analysis and perspective. Part of this issue is a survey which aims to understand how citizens perceive the Czech e-government. The second half is devoted to e-government and debureaucratization of public administration perspective, focusing on the size of the bureaucratic apparatus including an evaluation of the Czech e-government at the European level. The conclusion is based on lessons learned assesses the extent to which e-government fulfills its debureaucratic role.
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Kučera, František. "Existovala či existuje dlouhodobější vládní koncepce pro řešení problému menšin?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114449.
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The thesis deals with the question of existence of long-term governmental integration concepts regarding national minorities and foreigners. The thesis analyses theoretical integration concepts, their types and their development. It describes national minorities living in the territory of the Czech Republic. It follows the creation and development of the governmental institutional structure for solving the issues of minorities and deals with the analysis of development of the legal framework and of governmental concepts regarding foreigners, national minorities and separately the Roma minority stressing concepts' quality and linkup. The goal of the thesis is to answer the question if the long-term concept regarding these issues exists, to what extent is the concept sophisticated, coherent and how continuously/discontinuously is the concept been promoted.
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Aguiar, Ana Filipa Vitorino de Oliveira. "Modelo de Governo das Universidades Portuguesas." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4463.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisEste estudo pretende apresentar as diferentes formas de governo das instituições de ensino superior a nível internacional e entender a evolução do sistema português e os possíveis caminhos que irá traçar. Nesta análise é relevante o enquadramento legislativo, as regulamentações da comunidade europeia e a realidade nacional, no que se refere ao número de estudantes e às tendências que se estão a iniciar. A reflexão pelos modelos internacionais conduz à possibilidade de analisar quais as consequências caso sejam identicamente aplicados em Portugal. A realidade nacional não pode ser esquecida uma vez que terá um papel fulcral na aplicação de diferentes modelos assim como nos seus resultados.
This study aims to present the different forms of governance of higher education institutions internationally and to understand the evolution of the Portuguese system and the possible paths that will chart. This analysis is relevant legislative framework, regulations of the European community and national reality, in relation to student numbers and trends that are starting. Reflecting the international models leads to the possibility of analyzing the consequences if they are applied identically in Portugal. The national reality can not be overlooked since it will have a key role in the application of different models as well as their results.
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Wentzel, Kim-Lee. "An investigation of students' perceptions and expectations of service delivery and service quality at an institution for higher education and training within a provincial government department in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4412_1323422257.
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The primary aim of this thesis was to undertake research in a Higher Education and Training Institution in a Provincial Government Department in the Western Cape to determine which variables affect the services that are being delivered and the quality of the services and how these services could be improved. The population selected for the purpose of the research was a large number of students at a Higher Education and Training Institution in a Provincial Government Department in the Western Cape. A research sample represented by a subset of participants from this organisation was selected. A biographical questionnaire and the SERVQUAL questionnaire were administered to a sample of 130 students enrolled at a Higher Education Institution in the Western Cape. The results indicate that there are significant relationships between selected biographical variables and perceptions of service quality. Moreover, there were also statistically significant differences in perceptions on the variables Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Tangibles and Empathy. Tentative conclusions can be drawn from the results and recommendations regarding future research are highlighted.
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Girard-Zdanowska, A. M. "Women and work in irrigated landscapes in rural India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b426707f-9984-42d3-b193-ab98fd341700.
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In India, the 1992 Reservation Law and the 2006 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) have formalised women as legitimate actors in rural development. These gender-inclusive policies do not necessarily conform to the traditional domestic role of women, which often precludes them from formally engaging in political processes and labour outside the home. In Northern India, these major policy shifts are illustrated in ancient irrigation management systems. With growing rural outmigration and climatic variability aggravating water resources and food security issues, irrigation management is increasingly dependent on the active participation of women. Yet irrigation management is still widely perceived as a male responsibility. This thesis investigates how women adapt and respond to new institutionally mandated responsibilities and expectations as female leaders and as water users. The research is presented in four complementary papers based on quantitative and qualitative data collected during fieldwork in Delhi and Himachal Pradesh. Three major findings emerged to contribute to theories and evidence of the role of public policies in shaping gendered outcomes for common pool resource management in irrigation system in India. First, gender norms affect women differently depending on their public role in the community. Unlike non-political women, female leaders, as public figures, must secure communal approbation to gain power, credibility, and socio-economic networks. As a result, female leaders shape their political behaviour and policy preferences around local notions of femininity, female morality, and labour-based ideas of expertise. Second, for female water users, gender inclusive policies that legitimise their role as participants in formal political processes and the labour force for irrigation management increase their likelihood to defy gender-based restrictions and engage in formal political processes around irrigation management. Third, providing that formal/legal structures legitimize their actions, women will readily breach gender norms if they are to economically benefit from it. The implication of this research are that policies aimed at providing legal support for women to engage in formal rural development, combined with formalised economic opportunities for women are effective eroding agents of gendered institutions and are catalysts in facilitating the engagement of women in all areas of rural development. Given worldwide concerns over rural development, this study encourages such governmental actions to enable the effective and full engagement of future generations of women in the formal management of common pool resources.
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Promise, Catherine Bilra. "Institutions and local government accountability in Uganda: a case study of Ntungamo district." University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7748.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminAfter decades of seeking answers, without much success, to the development challenges facing third world countries, agencies such as the IMF and World Bank have turned increasingly in recent years to issues governance and accountability. In Africa especially, the failure of most development strategies has been attributed to governance issues such as democratic deficits, corruption and lack of political accountability among others. Uganda like several other African countries has been criticised for corruption - a sign that the country has a problem with the functioning of accountability and governance in general. In an attempt to find out whether the local government institutional mechanisms in Uganda embody possible explanations for weaknesses in political accountability, this study hypothesizes that institutional arrangements impact on downward accountability. While concentrating on the anatomy of institutions and the dimensions of accountability to which they relate, as well as on how the formal and informal institutions relate to each other, the study gives an insight into how institutions impact on downward answerability and enforceability at the local level in Uganda. Based on a thorough consideration of both the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of the concept of accountability, the study develops relevance criteria upon which an assessment of both formal and informal institutions' relevance for each of the dimensions of accountability is based. In both cases, formal institutions are found to be more relevant for accountability than informal ones. Critical issues about the capabilities of informal institutions are however raised, culminating in a discussion on the relationship between formal and informal institutions in the study area. While also considering other variables that interact with institutions in affecting accountability, the study calls for a re examination in the concepts under investigation namely 'institutions' and 'accountability'. The study concludes that problems of accountability can be accounted for by weaknesses in institutional design, conceptual weaknesses in the definition of accountability, as well as contextual factors such as resource constraints. In the light of this recognition, the study offers theoretical as well as policy level recommendation
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Ravanelli, Rafael. "Origens institucionais e o Value for Money da educação nos municípios brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96133/tde-11022014-100656/.
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O presente estudo apresenta os condicionantes institucionais para o nível de eficiência da gestão municipal da educação no Brasil. A evolução dos princípios da administração pública no Brasil, estabelecidos pela Constituição de 1988 e ampliados pela Emenda Constitucional n° 19/1998, por serem instituições formais, patrocinadas pelo governo, ainda não surtiram efeito a ponto de alterarem o modus operandi do governo em nível municipal, ou de disseminar a implantação de novas tecnologias de gestão em larga escala (ex. NPM). No mínimo dois fatores inibem tal disseminação institucional, a ausência de incentivos aos agentes públicos a adotarem como direcionadores de desempenho tais princípios, e efeitos institucionais informais que atuam como path dependence (ancoragem) à plena adoção. Portanto, mesmo a eficiência sendo princípio da administração pública, as equipes de administração municipal apresentarão um descolamento em relação à adoção do princípio. Da mesma forma, o fato do município não declarar o uso de uma métrica VFM (Value for Money) não significa que não exista uma eficiência atingida por escolhas econômicas mesmo que feitas sem um framework de gestão. Desta forma, existe um nível de VFM implícito da administração municipal, que por hipótese seria função da presença de instituições informais favoráveis à adoção das instituições formais. Foram criadas proxies para VFM para educação básica, assim como um índice de VFM para os 5565 municípios brasileiros controlados por disponibilidade e acesso a recursos e porte. A presença de instituições informais foi captada por variáveis socioeconômicas e históricas. Os resultados sugerem que além de fatores como PIB per capita e investimentos públicos em educação, as tradições locais, denominadas Instituições no presente trabalho, afetam a política pública considerada. Efeitos institucionais podem afetar tanto positivamente o nível de VFM quanto negativamente, dependendo do tipo da instituição instalada na localidade.The following research presents institutional drivers for education services efficiency level in Brazilians local government management. The federal Constitution and a additional law establishes and expands principles for the public administration. Since those principles are formal institutions, implemented by government, they did not have yet an effect in local public management or promoted new ways of management such as the New Public Management. At least two things might block this institutional improvement: The lack of incentives for public managers to use these principles as drivers for higher efficiency, and institutional effects that act as path dependent. Even though local government does not declare the use of a VFM (Value for Money) index, It does not mean that there is no level of efficiency in decisions taken without a management framework. Therefore, there is a implied VFM in local public management, that is affected by the presence of informal institutions, favorable to formal institutions that enhance efficiency. Proxies for VFM were identified for public management in public education services, such as a VFM index for Brazilians local government, considering the access and availability of resources and size. Informal institutions are proxy by historical and socioeconomics variables. Results suggests that not only GDP per capita and public investments in education affects public policies, institutional effects are able to affect positively the level of VFM negatively, according to the institution that is considered.
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Cho, Hye Jee. "Partisan politics and credibility in government bond markets what political institutions help leftist governments build policy credibility? /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692119671&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kioko, Sharon N. "Fiscal institutions and state government fiscal performance." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3330814.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 22, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-10, Section: A, page: 4120. Adviser: Craig L. Johnson.
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Leškevičiūtė, Jovita. "GYVENTOJŲ DALYVAVIMAS VIETOS VALDŽIOS INSTITUCIJOSE SPRENDŽIANT SOCIALINIUS KLAUSIMUS." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060530_122226-75798.
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Summary Inhabitants involvement in local government institutes solving social problems and taking decisions helps local authority to improve their solutions and give information to take the rational decisions. There is the sympathetic environment for people presence in Alytus district. Informing citizenry about decisions of social problems and giving possibilities (to take part in questionings, in council – boards, in public meetings, they have a possibility to write petitions, etc.) to take part in taking social decisions. Inhabitants which are concerned with local government institutes very often act as individual persons or like a part of civil community or associations, therefore efficiency of social decisions depend on people. Local people working hand in glove are able to do bigger influence on government and on its decisions.
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Imbaruddin, Amir, and aimbaruddin@yahoo com. "Understanding Institutional Capacity of Local Government Agencies in Indonesia." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070320.141727.
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This thesis is about the capacity of local government agencies in Makassar (Indonesia) to provide services to the public. Besides aiming to understand the institutional capacity of local government agencies, the research also examines the role internal and external factors play in determining the service delivery capacity of public organisations. Internal factors refer to the organisational structure, managerial practices and the management of human resources in public organisations. External factors refer to the degree of bureaucratic and political accountability as well as the level of competition experienced by government agencies.
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This research will enrich the existing development literature by strengthening our understanding of the ways in which internal and external factors strengthen or weaken the capacity of public sector institutions.
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Institutional capacity is measured by the quality of services provided by the local government agencies as assessed by their clients through both questionnaires and interviews, whereas the data regarding the role internal and external factors play in determining the institutional capacity of local government agencies were collected by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with the management and staff in a number of agencies, with high-level bureaucrats, with non-government organisations and business associations, and members of the Makassar parliament.
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This study concludes that the institutional capacity of local government agencies in the case studies varies, although overall institutional capacity is relatively low or unsatisfactory. Of the four agencies in the case studies, only one agency was able to deliver quality services higher than the level expected by its clients.
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In general, this research reveals that the degree of accountability of the local government agencies in the case studies is relatively weak. The study infers that the degree of accountability does not have a significant impact on the agencies' performance.
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It was found that the competitive or monopolistic environment in which the local government agencies operate does affect the capacity of the agencies to serve their clients. This capacity is also affected by a number of aspects within the organisation and human resource dimensions of the agencies.
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This study shows that, in the case of Indonesia, attempts to improve the capacity of government agencies to deliver quality public services by improving the capacity of parliament to politically oversee the executive, as recommended by a number of international agencies and commentators, may not be the best and most effective alternative. Rather than focusing the resources to improve the degree of political accountability, the study suggests that a more effective strategy to develop the capacity of government agencies is to enhance the organisational structure, managerial practices and the management of human resources in the public organizations, and to introduce competition into the delivery of public services.
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Forbis, Jeremy Scott. "Organized civil society a cross national evaluation of the socio-political effects of non-governmental organization density on governmental corruption, state terror, and anti-government demonstrations /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228222149.
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Zimmerman, Darlene. "Rules, Practices and Narratives: Institutional Change and Canadian Federal Staffing 1908 to 2018." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39155.
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Within the Canadian government, studies associated with staffing the federal public service have been endemic for over a century. Despite this, concerns about lack of change and dissatisfaction with staffing (too slow, too complex) remain hallmarks. The Public Service Modernization Act (PSMA) was introduced in 2003 as a means to bring about transformative change and yet, following a nearly two year study, the PSMA Review Report (2011) found that virtually no one was satisfied with changes in key aspects of the human resource and staffing regime. A strong desire for change was noted as existing, however, a diluted sense of ownership and powerlessness to change were also noted, even among the most powerful federal communities – deputy ministers, executives, and central agencies.
As Canada’s largest employer, with an annual payroll that has been estimated at $22 billion and, with another era of potential change launched with the Public Service Commission’s 2016 introduction of New Directions in Staffing, federal staffing can be viewed as both timely and warranting academic examination. This dissertation combines the strengths of institutional change literature from political science, sociology and economics to examine the institution of federal staffing in the core public administration. It focuses on an extended period of time in order to identify if any substantive changes have occurred despite popular views of negligible change and to examine why change may not have occurred to advance toward the long expressed goal of simplified, efficient staffing of highly qualified (meritorious) public servants.
This mixed methods case study uses documentary, archival, and qualitative and quantitative secondary source material as well as input from 49 semi-structured interviews with a variety of Canadian federal managerial and human resource representatives. It identifies and addresses issues that have only at times been identified and, others not typically detailed in government reports, particularly those associated with culture and path dependent history. Issues examined include power relations and key narratives as well as evolving ideas and logics of appropriateness that shape behaviour, some of which continue to exert pressure on current organizational and institutional choices despite having been in existence for, in some cases, 50 or 100 years. Some ideas for change are offered but this study suggests without attention to long-standing and systemic issues only highly incremental change should be expected.
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Jones, Tod. "Indonesian cultural policy, 1950-2003: culture, institutions, government." Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/403.
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This thesis examines official cultural policy in Indonesia, focussing on the cultural policy of the national governments from 1950 until 2003. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s writings about government and debates about cultural policy in Cultural Studies, the study proposes that the features of cultural policy in Indonesia are primarily determined by the changing ways that the state has put culture to work in its versions of modern governance. Part I of the thesis provides a history of official cultural policy, including a background chapter on the late colonial era and the Japanese occupation. Although contemporary cultural policy was first articulated within Western liberal democracies to shape self-governing national citizens, the Dutch colonial cultural policy differed in that it assumed indigenous subjects had reduced capacities and focussed on managing ethnic populations. The cultural policies of subsequent governments maintained the twin imperatives of ‘improving’ individuals and managing populations, but with different understandings of both imperatives. While a more autonomous subject was assumed during Constitutional Democracy, Guided Democracy exercised greater state guidance as part of Sukarno’s mobilisation of the population behind his political program. Cultural policy during the New Order era rejected Sukarno’s ‘politicisation’ of culture, replaced ‘improvement’ with ‘development’ and further strengthened the role of the state in providing cultural guidance, a move justified by designating Indonesians backward by modern standards.The Japanese administration was the first government to address a national population. Relations among indigenous ethnic populations and between ethnicity and the nation were addressed in cultural policy from 1956 and were central to cultural policy throughout the New Order era. Part II of the thesis consists of two case studies of cultural programs in the New Order and Reform eras: (1) the arts councils and cultural parks and (2) a cultural research project. It explores New Order centralism, demonstrating the heterogeneity between different levels of the state and how governmental goals imbued particular practices and objects with special significance and meaning by constructing them as culture. Cultural policy in the post-Suharto period is addressed in both Parts I and II. While the practices of the New Order era are generally continuing, decentralisation created the possibility of a plurality of cultural policies across Indonesia, as lower levels of government are responsible for administering cultural policy. Decentralisation could result in a more participatory cultural policy as more cultural practices are addressed or a narrowing of cultural policy if conservative ethnic identity politics drives changes.
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Jones, Tod. "Indonesian Cultural policy, 1950-2003 : culture, institutions, government /." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Media and Information, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16663.
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This thesis examines official cultural policy in Indonesia, focussing on the cultural policy of the national governments from 1950 until 2003. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s writings about government and debates about cultural policy in Cultural Studies, the study proposes that the features of cultural policy in Indonesia are primarily determined by the changing ways that the state has put culture to work in its versions of modern governance. Part I of the thesis provides a history of official cultural policy, including a background chapter on the late colonial era and the Japanese occupation. Although contemporary cultural policy was first articulated within Western liberal democracies to shape self-governing national citizens, the Dutch colonial cultural policy differed in that it assumed indigenous subjects had reduced capacities and focussed on managing ethnic populations. The cultural policies of subsequent governments maintained the twin imperatives of ‘improving’ individuals and managing populations, but with different understandings of both imperatives. While a more autonomous subject was assumed during Constitutional Democracy, Guided Democracy exercised greater state guidance as part of Sukarno’s mobilisation of the population behind his political program. Cultural policy during the New Order era rejected Sukarno’s ‘politicisation’ of culture, replaced ‘improvement’ with ‘development’ and further strengthened the role of the state in providing cultural guidance, a move justified by designating Indonesians backward by modern standards.The Japanese administration was the first government to address a national population. Relations among indigenous ethnic populations and between ethnicity and the nation were addressed in cultural policy from 1956 and were central to cultural policy throughout the New Order era. Part II of the thesis consists of two case studies of cultural programs in the New Order and Reform eras: (1) the arts councils and cultural parks and (2) a cultural research project. It explores New Order centralism, demonstrating the heterogeneity between different levels of the state and how governmental goals imbued particular practices and objects with special significance and meaning by constructing them as culture. Cultural policy in the post-Suharto period is addressed in both Parts I and II. While the practices of the New Order era are generally continuing, decentralisation created the possibility of a plurality of cultural policies across Indonesia, as lower levels of government are responsible for administering cultural policy. Decentralisation could result in a more participatory cultural policy as more cultural practices are addressed or a narrowing of cultural policy if conservative ethnic identity politics drives changes.
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Grulke, Eric. "Digital government, trust and cynicism : an empirical analysis of social capital and the use of technology by governmental institutions." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/E_Grulke_110308.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 26, 2010). "Department of Political Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-212).
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Bartels, Wendy-Lin. "Participatory land use planning in the Brazilian Amazon creating learning networks among farmers, non-governmental organizations, and government institutions /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024925.
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Koga, Takashi. "Innovation beyond Institutions: New Projects and Challenges for Government Information Service Institutions in Japan." International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106129.
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Errata:
* p. 6,ã l. 6ã ã Apr. 2004 --> Apr. 2005
* p. 10,ã ref. 9ã the national archives in Canada and New Zealand --> the national archives in Canada and AustraliaThis paper attempts to present an overview of and discuss innovations in main government information service institutions in Japan-the National Diet Library (NDL) and the National Archives of Japan (NAJ)-in the electronic environment. This paper examines two approaches of the NDL and the NAJ toward innovative projects: (1) retrospective digitization of historical publications and documents and (2) treatment of born-digital information. It then proposes a desirable strategy for the NDL and the NAJ, as well as government information service institutions in other countries, to aid them in "innovation beyond institutions." This strategy involves (1) collaboration in the management of information systems and (2) cooperation between government libraries and government archives.
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Dodlova, Marina. "Political Accountability and Organization of Government." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100149.
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La bureaucratie joue un rôle-clé dans l'arène politique. Le pouvoir de l'administration publique a néanmoins souvent été sous-estimé, tandis que sa structure comme sa croissance constante restent mal compris. Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude approfondie des principales caractéristiques de l'administration publique et plus particulièrement à son avantage informationnel dans la prise de décisions politiques. Dans une perspective normative, la thèse explore les questions de délégation dans une hiérarchie à trois niveaux, et de répartition de rente informationnelle en 'common agency' avec plusieurs mandataires politiques. Ceci me permet d'entrevoir ce que renferme la boîte noire de la structure organisationnelle composite du gouvernement. D'un point de vue positif, l'approche comparative me permet d'analyser et d'expliquer la croissance des administrations publiques dans les démocraties sur le plan de l'emploi de fonctionnaires d'ÉtatBureaucracy is a key player in political game. However, its power has been often underestimated as well as the questions of its structure and constant growth remain not properly understood. This thesis represents a detailed study of the major features of the government bureaucracy by focusing on its information leverage in policy making. Normatively, the thesis explores the issues of delegation in a three-tier hierarchy and information rent distribution in common agency with several political principals, and thus contributes to opening a black box of the composite organizational structure of government. Positively, the comparative approach helps to explain the growth of government bureaucracies in democracies in terms of government administration employment
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Huaxing, Liu. "Why is local government less trusted than central government in China?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6162/.
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The public's trust in government is a subject that arouses interest and debate among researchers and politicians alike. This thesis is concerned with public trust in government in China and particularly in local government. It provides insights both on the patterns of public trust in different levels of government and explores the key factors that account for variance in this respect. In light of the findings in this respect, the thesis also makes suggestions about measures that might be taken to improve public trust in local government particularly in the China context. A mixed methods research design has been employed that has included analysis of responses to a major trans-China quantitative survey of public opinions and the conduct of a series of semi-structured interviews with local government officials operating at different governmental levels within one municipal city. The research examines the commonalities and differences between the perspectives of citizens and of officials with regard to the scale, nature and causes of public distrust in local government. The thesis considers the implications of the findings and makes suggestions as to the kinds of policy and practice responses that would seem necessary to improve Chinese's citizens' trust levels in their local government.
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Mushi, Andrew A. "Civil society in the era of good governance dispensation : Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the politics of engaging Government in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2964/.
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The thesis set out to investigate the politics of Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs) engaging the Government in Tanzania. The aim of the study is to get an understanding of the context, ways and means in which NGOs in Tanzania engage (with) the government to influence its policies and decisions. The thesis also analyses the implications and role of NGOs in bringing about social change in Tanzania. The thesis shows the relationship of subordination that is constituted through the operation of NGOs within the social, economic and political institutions of Tanzanian civil society. It offers an insight into the neo-liberal views that informs the distribution of aid to developing nations, and the affect this has had on state-civil society relationships within the Tanzanian nation state. Theoretically, the thesis uses Gramsci’s notion of hegemony which applies both at national level and international level. The counter hegemony which Gramsci expounds in terms of war of manoeuvre and war of position has been highlighted in relations to works of NGOs and civil society development. The thesis examines the engagement of Tanzanian NGOs to influence the process of NGO Policy and Act making; and monitoring the poverty strategies through the Campaign Against Poverty-Tanzania (GCAP-T). The thesis posit the future of NGOs on how they could side and work with people to create a society based on people needs, vision and aspiration.
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Yazaki, Yukihiro. "Essays on policy-making incentives of government." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/613/.
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This thesis is a collection of three independent essays on policy-making incentives of government. The first essay examines whether citizens can indirectly control bureaucrats. If voters and bureaucrats prefer different types of politicians, i.e., they have a conflict of interest, incumbents need to increase the budget to prevent bureaucrats from information manipulation, which leads to an oversized government. If, instead, voters and bureaucrats prefer the same type of politicians, i.e., they have an alignment of interests, bureaucrats can send to voters a credible signal about the type of incumbents, which enhances the selection effect of election. Although political appointees enable politicians to implement the first-best policy in the case of the conflict of interests, they lead to the persistence of inefficient government in the case of the alignment of interests. The second and third essays study how autocrats commit not to confiscate private property. The second essay argues that the potential of economic growth would help the ruler to make a credible commitment. Since a predatory policy reduces the citizens’ income, it would reduce capital accumulation because of the income effect. Then, the ruler faces a trade-off between the current consumption with the predatory policy and the larger future consumption with the moderate policy, which would lead to economic growth. The third essay models endogenous judicial independence (JI) as a commitment device in the political commitment game. If information on JI is transmitted to citizens with positive probability, the ruler creates JI and does not renege on an announcement. Even if not, the ruler still can guarantee property rights by granting human rights as a signal on JI if the cost of the signal is low.
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Lowndes, Vivien. "Local government decentralisation : a study of institutional change." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21279.
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The thesis analyses local government decentralisation as a process of institutional change. It is based on a case study of decentralisation in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets (1986-1990). Drawing on 'new institutionalist' theory, the thesis develops a new approach to understanding local government decentralisation. It provides analternative to accounts which concentrate on identifying the 'pros and cons' of decentralisation. It examines the capacity of decentralisation to secure change in the underlying institutional framework of local governance. The thesis develops a conceptual framework depicting four stages of an institutional lifecycle: creation, recognition, maintenance and collapse. The framework maps the interaction of formal and informal institutional rules, and the relative significance of strategic action and norm-governed behaviour in institutional change. The conceptual framework is used to analyse local government decentralisation in Tower Hamlets. The thesis shows that decentralisation arose out of the collapse of old institutional rules, under the influence of dominant informal institutions in the locality. It explores how, through strategic action and the 'embedding' of new norms of behaviour, a new institutional framework was established through decentralisation. It also considers the ambiguous and contested nature of institutional change; in maintaining an institutional framework over time, rules are reinterpreted and modified. The thesis makes a conceptual and empirical contribution to understanding institutional change in general, and local government decentralisation in particular.
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Al-Busaidy, Moaman Mohamed. "Evaluating the institutional factors affecting e-government implementation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8765.
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This thesis focuses on e-government implementation and related institutional adoption and diffusion factors in Omani public sector organisations. With the advancement of the Internet and supporting Information and Communication Technologies, e-government has emerged as an effective means of delivering government services to citizens. While most early e-government efforts were concentrated on developed countries, in the recent past, it has also become popular in many developing countries. Most notably are the Middle Eastern countries that have continued to invest significantly into e-government initiatives in the last five years. However, compared to the West, the progress of e-government implementation and diffusion has been laggard in the Middle East region. The Sultanate of Oman is one such example, where, although large investments have been made since 2003 to facilitate the implementation of its electronic services, limited progress has been made in terms of realising fully functional e-government. The aim of this thesis is to examine the institutional factors influencing the development and implementation of e-government in the context of Oman using case study based research. From an institutional perspective economic, political and social as well as technological issues signify the most fundamental pressures that organisations face when initiating e-government implementation led change. Using institutional theory as a conceptual lens, this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the internal and external pressures that influence the success of e-government projects. This research identified nineteen different factors influencing the progress of the national e-government project, e-Oman, from a public sector organisational perspective. Further, a conceptual model for examining e-government implementation has been developed and evaluated empirically within the context of Oman. By doing so, this research contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying the institutional factors that contributes to the success of e-government implementation and explaining its paradoxes.
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Frank, Jonas. "Decentralization in Ecuador actors, institutions, and incentives /." Baden-Baden [Germany] : Nomos, 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/154685356.html.
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Velasquez, Raul. "Agency, institutional constraints and law in the creation of Bogota's new local governments, and in the evolution of local government policies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365606.
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Hong, Jae Woo. "What can institutions do? : comparative analyses of the effects of political institutions on governance, democratic support and ethnic conflict /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144423.
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Fayad, Mohamed Khalil. "Government expenditure and growth in Libya." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2000. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5531/.
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This study attempts to answer two main questions. First, how does the composition of public expenditure affect the economic growth rate of macroeconomic variables such as the real output of the non-oil sector, employment, and total imports in Libya? Second, what is the appropriate fiscal and/or monetary policy to be used by the Libyan government to finance public expenditure, especially after the collapse in the oil price in the 1990s? To achieve these ends, a small macro-econometric model of the Libyan economy is constructed for the period 1962-1992 and estimated using the Johansen approach. The model reflects the Libyan institutional environment relevant to the observation period. The model links public finances to the monetary sector, the real sector, the role of foreign trade and the balance of payments, and the labour market. The model is utilised to (1) examine the impact of government expenditure on the growth of the macro-economic variables mentioned above; (2) examine the impact of different ways of funding these expenditures; (3) examine long-run equilibrium relationships estimated through the cointegration approach. The short-run dynamics was modelled via error correction models. Evaluation of the model was through standard single equation diagnostics, model simulation, and forecasting. Policy simulation was used to evaluate macro-economic policy options open to the government of Libya. As a result this study provides considerable knowledge about the structure of the Libyan economy through the period 1962-1992, and about the impact of government expenditure and its finance instrument (fiscal and/or monetary means) on growth.
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MacRae, Roderick John. "Strategies to overcome institutional barriers to the transition from conventional to sustainable agriculture in Canada : the role of government, research institutions and agribusiness." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70174.
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Literature on sustainable agriculture was examined using qualitative research methods to identify institutional barriers to the transition to sustainable agriculture, and solutions to overcome them. Information was also collected from different participants in the food and agriculture system by conducting interviews and workshops, and by soliciting comments on discussion papers of preliminary findings.An explanatory scheme (or general theory) was developed to organize strategies for overcoming institutional barriers using an efficiency--substitution--redesign framework. Efficiency strategies involve minor changes to existing activities, resulting in more efficient resource use. Substitution strategies involve replacing one product, technique or activity with another. Redesign strategies require solutions and institutional activities that mimic ecological processes. Solutions consistent with each category are analyzed and discussed in the areas of research, education, technology transfer, government programs and regulations, taxation, safety nets, consumer activism, marketing and advertising, corporate legal status, and organizational design and management.
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Mbundwini, Gracious Nomfuneko. "Complexities of accessing finance from government institutions and its agencies." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11772.
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Purpose: with the recent establishment of Small Business Development department, the ministry is tasked and will be responsible for ensuring that the business environment is enabling for new Small to Medium businesses. The real issue and the point of interest in researching this particular dissertation is the available literature around the issue of the SME sector which indicates that new SMEs in South Africa do not move from the first stage (existence) to other stages such as survival, success, take off and resource maturity. The study seeks to inaugurate two specific challenges (difficulties in accessing finance and to examine if there is sufficient non-financial SME incubators and mentorship programs post funding allocation). The area of study focused on SMEs that are concentrated in highly populated areas of Gauteng. Methodology: The study was conducted using qualitative research and a questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The researcher was able to get valuable information on stakeholders in the SMME sector. This was done through the use of questionnaires to businesses, government funders and incubators. Results: when posed with a question of the start-up capital, a mere 17% responded to having obtained financial assistance from government institutions, 20% from friends and family while a massive 60% indicated they have used own capital to start businesses. When the researcher posed the question of the reasons that often leads to failure, approximately 23% of businesses mentioned lack of working equipment as the core reasons for the business failure while 17% indicated that lack of business opportunities or rather contracts of supply from government departments as the main impeding factor which resulted to failure. In terms of the availability of incubators, approximately 67% of respondents indicated that there were no business incubators available in their areas of business. Approximately 57% of businesses mentioned the inability to obtain loans from government funding institutions was the major business constraint that often leads to failure. The researcher posed a question to business incubators personnel that participated in the study to gain perspective as to why do they think SMEs fail within the first year of operation. Approximately 40% of respondents alluded that, barriers to entry by big corporates in South Africa force Small and Medium Enterprises out of businesses. Other participants added that the South African government procurement system does not provide opportunities to small businesses due to lack of experience. All government funding institutions participants mentioned that in most cases SMEs finance applications are rejected due to the fact that businesses fail to present viable business proposals that show the ability for business to remain operating for a long time Implications: The above analysed study findings indicate that there is a huge gap between small businesses and government funding institutions in terms of the awareness of the available financial support to SMEs. From the government perspective, it was indicated that businesses submit business plans that are not viable. There needs to be the middle ground where business plans compilation support currently provided by SEDA awareness should be spread across SMEs operating in the highly populated areas of Gauteng. Recommendations: Access to finance is a major constraint hindering the growth and success of small enterprises. The South African government has established a number of financial support programmes aimed to assist SMEs. With these financial support programmes, most of the SMEs are unsuccessful due to the fact that they cannot easily access those funds and as a result they remain stagnant for a very long time or end up shutting down. Conclusion: The effect of credit rationing is the potential loss of opportunity and or reduction in the scale of a business, neither of which is a desirable outcome. At the most fundamental level, there are lost opportunities for the borrower and the lender. There are implications for the wider economy also. SMEs are a key source of innovation, competition and choice.
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Jordan, Eric A. "Enterprise information technology adoption in government institutions| A quantitative study." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3727498.
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The purpose of this quantitative descriptive study was to describe the Washington, District of Columbia and metropolitan (DMV) area-based federal government employee perspectives on the adoption of enterprise information technologies. The sample size of this study consisted of 132 participants. The inability to accept or reject the hypothesis in this research was determined by descriptive statistics (means and standard deviation). Drawing from theoretical frameworks involving leadership, culture, human and organizational behavior, and decision-making, this study involves the introduction of an integrated model to describe the complexities of technology adoption in a single, comprehensive view. The comprehensive model attempted to emphasize interrelationships between key elements involved in organizational technology adoption, including how innovation spreads from various sources to influence organizational perceptions for both members and leaders. Additionally, this study also introduced a new survey tool (Employee Perceptions on Adoption of Enterprise Information Technology), and attempted to determine to what extent different factors affected enterprise information technology adoption. Data collected from this research effort suggested that government employees believe leadership represents the main factor influencing technology adoption in government organizations, with cost as the second leading factor. Government employees, however, did not believe that culture represented a key influence on technology adoption. Findings from this study may offer new insights on how to conduct technology adoption more effectively, and provide the foundation for recommending ways to create a successful enterprise system implementation. The main recommendation for future study is exploration of the Integrated Technology Adoption Model (ITAM) and the Employee Perceptions on Adoption of Enterprise Technology Survey.
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Lee, Ho-yan, and 李可欣. "Government regulation in the financial services sector: a comparative perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974806.
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Pöschl, Caroline. "Local government taxation and accountability in Mexico." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3680/.
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The taxation-accountability theory broadly states that if governments are dependent on taxation, they will become less corrupt and more accountable to citizens. The need to raise tax revenue is said to spark incentives that lead to mutually beneficial bargaining between government and citizens. Citizens agree to make tax payments in return for more accountable governance and increased influence in government decision-making. Several scholars have shown empirical evidence in support of this taxationaccountability theory at the national level, yet few have studied it at the local government level. This paper explores this theory in the context of Mexican municipal governments using a mixed methods research approach. It first surveys the relationship between taxation and accountability using econometric analysis and then employs a comparative case study of six urban municipalities that are under considerable pressure to raise their tax revenue. The latter is based on several months of field research conducted in the states of Guerrero, Tabasco, Baja California Sur, Aguascalientes, Yucatán and Coahuila. It reveals the processes that evolve from revenue pressure, whether they lead to tax bargaining, and the extent to which greater accountability can be expected as a result. The findings provide some evidence of tax bargaining and positive correlations between the importance of taxation in a government’s budget and accountability. However, the causal link to greater accountability is not straightforward and is greatly hindered by the institutional framework surrounding local government. While implicit agreements between government and citizens showed that equilibrium between taxation and accountability was consistently maintained, restrictions on local power and other institutional factors stood in the way of increased local taxation sparking greater local accountability. These factors may be remedied by reform.
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Lee, Ho-yan. "Government regulation in the financial services sector : a comparative perspective /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12323998.
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Gutman-Frish, Pnina. "Geriatric institutions in Israel : different strategic trends between governmental, public and private institutions." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412113.
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Gutshwa, Bhekokwakhe Henry. "Risk culture in a south African government institution." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/17047.
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Risk culture is defined as norms of behaviour for individuals and groups that determine the collective ability to identify and understand, openly discuss and act on an organisation’s current and future possible risks. Although studies have been done on risk culture, an assessment of the maturity level of risk culture in a South African government organisation has not been reported in the academic literature. Many government organisations have implemented risk management processes but it seems that, subsequently, no tangible benefits have been realised from applying these processes. The reason for this might be that these organisations did not first embed a risk culture. This article assesses the risk culture maturity level of a South African government organisation. Data were gathered by developing and applying a questionnaire and a checklist. In addition, documents were analysed. The results show that the organisation has established basic risk management processes and structures; however, a mature risk culture was not embedded in the organisational processes.
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Chang, Kuo-Ming, and 張國明. "The Study in Government Institution Keep Serving at Midday." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99769103622958332907.
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碩士義守大學
管理學院管理碩士在職專班
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Taiwan is a narrow and small island with dense population and the life circle is prosperous with industry and commerce. People lead a tense life and there are needs for services from each government institution in the democratic society. Moreover, people from different occupation fields such as scholars, farmers, artisans and merchants, they would like to use their spare time to go to the public sectors to conduct petitions. However, their needs cannot be met due to working hours; further they lose their rights and interests, and it is such a regret to result in unreasonable and unfair matters. Thus, the motive of the study comes into existence to improve the faults through discussions and create a win-win result for people and public servants. The study found the following points: (1) It is necessary for the public sectors to adjust the service hours, and the implementation outline shall be issued by central government and the local government shall adapt the implementation method to local conditions. (2) The public servants shall recognize and accommodate themselves to the adjustment of service hours by inner in-servicing training of the institutions to complete the mission. (3) Public servants’ acceptance of personnel acting system in order to train each public servant to have the ability to be solely responsible for one section. (4) Whether the decision-making units have the determination to promote the system and ask Legislative Agencies for support for in-service training budget. (5) The support and reactions from the public to this research topic. The public is actively waiting for the implementation. (6) All the public sectors shall carry out the adjustment of service hours to facilitate people to conduct public affairs. The chief and financial accounting units are suggested to cooperate. To sum up, it is suggested that the government drives the institutions and schools to adjust the business hours for the public to facilitate the needs from various walks of life and train the public servants to have the ability to be responsible for every affair in their sectors and increase the public’s satisfaction and job satisfaction for the public servants.
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Yeh, Ta-Chien, and 葉大千. "Analyzing the Implementation of Storage Virtualization at a Government Institution." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46422277129441976232.
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Hung, Kuei-Shin, and 洪奎欣. "A Study of Government institution Feminine of Accountant Workplace Friendship and Job Stress." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07932697117898609130.
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碩士亞洲大學
會計與資訊學系碩士班
97
This of research in the discussion government institution feminine accountant relations of workplace friendship and the job stress, take the workplace friendship as an independent variable, job stress as depends variable, marital status, age, period of service, education level as well as title as control variable. Because the most accountant is female,the workplace friendship is one kind of activity which the work situation often occurs, it indirect or immediate influence to work atmosphere. The job stress is flooding the environment which we work, causes we sick, make the low working efficiency, even to leave job,so they are important in our job.Reviews the concerned accounting field the literature, actually little aims at this aspect to discuss, this to regulatory authority when the standard interpersonal relationship with pays great attention the working efficiency, has its consideration importance. Therefore this research supposition workplace friendship and the job stress present the remarkable relations, the workplace friendship is better, the working pressure is lower. This research picks the questionnaire survey procedure, take the government institution feminine accountant as investigation object. The research find that the supposition earns the support, the workplace friendship and the job stress presents the remarkable inverse correlation. This research proposed finally the conclusion and the suggestion, supply the practice and the academic circle refer.
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Liu, Te-Cheng, and 劉得正. "On the Construction of the Legal Institution for Government Information Re-Use in Taiwan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45321061284751738274.
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蔡宜玲. "A Case Study of Knowledge Audit in Agricultural R&D Institution of Government." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61247036171641587741.
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