Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Government expenditure'
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Nyamongo, Esman Morekwa. "The determinants of the structure of government expenditure in Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11212007-132033.
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D'Agostino, G. "Government expenditure, corruption and growth." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2013. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/22804/.
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This thesis has undertaken a comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between public spending and economic growth in a neoclassical framework. The focus of the analysis has been to underline two different rules that determine the allocation of public resources across different categories of expenditure. The first rule considers the effective needs of each category and their productivity, relative to the other categories and to private capital. This allows the effect of each category of expenditure on the growth rate of the economy, when productive, to be determined. Following this line of argument, the standard model (a model which only includes this rule) pre- dicts a non-linear relationship between the components of public spending and economic growth, justifying both positive and negative impacts of these components on the economy’s growth rate. When applied to the defence sector, this model can show that the contradictory results found in the literature for the relationship between military burden and economic growth may be explained by an excessive amount of resources attributed to this sector, when its productivity level is lower than that of the other parts of the public sector. A second rule that drives public allocation decisions is not linked to any economic considerations, but to the possibility for the politician can collect bribes by misallocating public resources. As pointed out by many researchers, it is easier to collect bribes from infrastructure projects or highly sophisticated defence equipment than textbooks or teachers’ salaries. In other areas, such as health, this picture is less clear-cut, as opportunities to collect bribes may be abundant in the procurement of hospital buildings, but more limited in the payment of doctors’ and nurses’ salaries. This differential impact of corruption can be used to explain the non-linearities that emerge in the standard model. The underlying conjecture is that, since corruption has a nega- tive impact on growth and given that politicians may favour less productive public sectors, the complementarities between these two mechanisms may explain the low growth rates in those countries in which corruption is more endemic. A related contribution in the thesis is to consider the way corruption is introduced into estimated of growth equations. While several recent papers have considered the underlying causes and consequences of corruption, little (and only recent) attention has been given to the methodological question of how ”corruption” is measured by international organisations and whether there construction of indices may bias empirical results and suggestions for policy. The final part of the thesis considers these issues.
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Fayad, Mohamed Khalil. "Government expenditure and growth in Libya." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2000. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5531/.
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This study attempts to answer two main questions. First, how does the composition of public expenditure affect the economic growth rate of macroeconomic variables such as the real output of the non-oil sector, employment, and total imports in Libya? Second, what is the appropriate fiscal and/or monetary policy to be used by the Libyan government to finance public expenditure, especially after the collapse in the oil price in the 1990s? To achieve these ends, a small macro-econometric model of the Libyan economy is constructed for the period 1962-1992 and estimated using the Johansen approach. The model reflects the Libyan institutional environment relevant to the observation period. The model links public finances to the monetary sector, the real sector, the role of foreign trade and the balance of payments, and the labour market. The model is utilised to (1) examine the impact of government expenditure on the growth of the macro-economic variables mentioned above; (2) examine the impact of different ways of funding these expenditures; (3) examine long-run equilibrium relationships estimated through the cointegration approach. The short-run dynamics was modelled via error correction models. Evaluation of the model was through standard single equation diagnostics, model simulation, and forecasting. Policy simulation was used to evaluate macro-economic policy options open to the government of Libya. As a result this study provides considerable knowledge about the structure of the Libyan economy through the period 1962-1992, and about the impact of government expenditure and its finance instrument (fiscal and/or monetary means) on growth.
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Zhang, Cheng. "Essays on domestic market integration, government expenditure, and strategic interactions among local governments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40410/.
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This thesis contains one literature review chapter and three self-contained empirical studies on different but closely related topics, domestic market integration, public spending, and strategic interactions in China. In Chapter 1, we describe the general background of the Chinese fiscal reforms in the 1980s. In particular we present how the open-door policies has resulted in China’s increasing participation in the global market while at the same time its domestic market seem to still suffer from prevalent border effects and local protectionism. Besides, we outline the nature and source of this fragmentation, which stems from the fiscal and administrative decentralisation, that the fiscal reforms brought about, and the existing political system. As such the fiscal and administrative system give strong incentives for local governments to actively participate in yardstick competition, which often takes the form of the so-called ‘tournament competition‘. Chapter 2 provides a general overview of the existing literature on measuring domestic market integration (DMI). It provides the theoretical underpinnings and empirical evidence of this literature, organising DMI into three main streams of the literature, which are factor-related approach, price-related approach and output and employment-related approach. Chapter 3 adopts a spatial border difference approach and a spatial border econometric approach to estimate the provincial border effects and thus infer the degree of domestic market integration in China. By using a dataset of 48 border counties and 28 2-digit industries in the Yangtze River Delta region over the time period 2005-2009, we find that border effects are present and significant and also varying across provinces and industries. On average Shanghai shows the highest level of local protectionism with its provincial border exerting greater influences on the industry patterns compared with the other two provinces. We also observe the provincial border effects are decreasing over time, albeit over a short time period, which indicates an ongoing process of deepening market integration. Moreover, we also find that Jiangsu exhibits a higher level of border effects against Shanghai and Zhejiang than that with its all surrounding neighbours. Chapter 4 looks into the role of domestic market integration and socio-economic globalisation play in the size and structure of the public sector in China. By employing a dataset of 27 Chinese provinces for the period of 1998-2006, we find that domestic market integration has negligible effects, only showing a small positive correlation with social aspects of spending. On the other hand, the results of international integration provide some support for the ‘efficiency’ hypothesis over the ‘compensation’ view. More specifically, economic integration contributes to the overall expansion of public sector and in particular it increases productive and non-social spending, while social integration results in a reduction in total spending and social spending. Chapter 5 investigates the relationship between strategic interactions and political tournament competition in China. By using the provincial-level data for 28 Chinese provinces over the period of 1998-2005, we provide strong evidence of the spatial autocorrelation in both total spending and its components, though we fail to find evidence supporting the ‘tournament competition’. Besides, the spending level in neighbouring provinces acts as a constraining effect on a local leader’s promotion. Moreover, we found that a higher level of total spending, productive spending and education spending compared with their contiguity neighbours, and a higher level of agriculture spending compared with their GDP-related neighbours would significantly increase the promotion opportunities of provincial governors. In contrast, the level of administration spending relative to local province’s GDP-related neighbours and the level of agency spending relative to geographic-related neighbours are negatively linked with the political turnover rate of provincial governors. Chapter 6 summarises the main findings of the thesis and outline the policy implications of our findings.
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Sekele, Ezekiel Chisenga. "Government expenditure variables and economic growth in Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29076.
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The government sector forms a significant part of the economy. As such, it is important to examine the impact of government activities on the economy. This study investigates the impact of several components of government expenditure on economic growth between 2001Q1 and 2014Q4 using the vector error correction model. The study found that only expenditure on transport and gross fixed capital formation had a significant positive impact on economic growth in the short-run. In the long-run, only expenditures on transport and education had a significant impact on economic growth. However, expenditure on health has a negative, although insignificant, impact on economic growth. This result may be due to the heavy concentration of health expenditure on disease treatment rather than disease preventive measures. Spending on defense has no significant impact on economic growth. Expenditure on agriculture was found to have no significant impact on economic growth both in the short- and long-run, partly due to a heavy concentration of expenditure on price-distorting agriculture input- and output-price support programs. The findings of the study suggest that there is need to focus expenditure on increasing agricultural productivity, improving the quality of education, improving road infrastructure and expanding disease prevention measures.
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Všetičková, Simona. "THE COMPOSITION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193067.
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This thesis examines the effect of the government expenditure structure on the economic growth. The objective is to determine which components of public expenditures are growth enhancing and which growth retarding. The theoretical model is set into the endogenous growth framework and describes the growth mechanism of productive and unproductive government expenditures. The growth impact of public spending composition is analysed for 18 European countries from 1996 to 2012. The empirical part is based on the panel data analysis. The empirical findings suggest that reallocating public resources towards education and health can promote growth. Whereas, higher expenditures on spending and defence are likely to be growth-retarding.
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Dev, Pijush Kanti. "Role of government expenditure in economic development : an Indian experience." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1278.
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Olds, Eric H. "Net State and Local Government Expenditure: A Better Link between Expenditure and the Tax Burden?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OldsEH2007.pdf.
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Musahara, Herman. "Poverty and government expenditure: an assessment of the impact of government expenditure and interventions on poor groups with a focus on Rwanda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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In this thesis the author undertook a poverty and policy analysis. It is argued that it is important to understand the nature, magnitude and context of poverty before one can undertake an informed policy prescription. Existing theories of poverty, welfare regimes and social policies offer a lot of useful lessons for policy, but have limitations in offering a single model for Rwanda. The thesis demonstrated that, not only is Rwandan poverty multifaceted and deep, but it is characterized by a poverty conflict trap that can be traced back to the entire post colonial period. The author argued however that the current policy is not only inefficient in targeting poverty, but it may be unable to meet the challenges of growth, redistribution and conflict mitigation. The thesis, after further analyzing policy options, puts forward a package that is needed to reduce poverty in Rwanda in the long term and to break the poverty conflict trap. The prescribed package is put forward as a comprehensive and institutionalized social policy, which Rwanda so far does not have.
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Murata, Akira. "Effects of remittances on household expenditure inequality and education expenditures : evidence from the Philippines." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7412/.
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This thesis examines the economic effects of both international and domestic remittances on Filipino households. The thesis investigates three main research questions: (1) “Which household characteristics affect the probability and the size of domestic and international remittances migrant households received?”; (2) “How do these two sources of remittances Filipino households received affect welfare inequality at the household level?”; (3) “How do the remittances affect the recipient household's expenditure patterns, especially educational expenditures?” The data mainly used for the thesis come from the nationally representative Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) in the Philippines during the period of 1985-2006. With regard to the first question, the thesis finds that the levels of receiving international and domestic remittances are mutually related and reveals that there is a displacement effect of remittances from abroad on those from within the country. Furthermore, the thesis also revealed that several explanatory factors such as the welfare level, the heads' characteristics, the job-related factors, and the regional disparities are significant to determine both the probability and the size of receiving the remittances. Regarding the second question, the thesis shows that the receipt of international remittances could significantly contribute to an improvement in Filipino households' livelihoods at any welfare level and that it would cause expenditure inequality between Filipino households to widen over time. In contrast, the receipt of remittances from within the Philippines did not exert a significant impact on improving the welfare. As for the last question, the thesis finds that the receipt of remittances from abroad would increase the budget share for education as well as its absolute value. This result supports the idea that international remittances could contribute to the future Philippine economic growth via increase in human capital investment if the country sort out the issues on brain drain of educated migrants' children.
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Kettanurak, Siritas. "Endogenous growth and fiscal policy with productive government expenditure." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17013/.
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Fiscal policy can be considered as a key driver of economic growth. The government can either provide for the public good used in firm's production process, or invest in public education that improves the abilities and skills of workers. In term of the public good and public education, the growth rate of economy is undoubtedly enhanced. However, the magnitude of growth also depends on how the government levies the distortionary tax to finance its spending. Since different kinds of taxes contribute to the different states of economy, as well as the long-run growth, the main purpose of this thesis is to examine the effect of the fiscal policy on economic growth in various theoretical frameworks, particularly the representative-agent approach and the three-period overlapping generations model. The theoretical analysis reveals a number of interesting findings. Firstly, the productive externalities from public investment and procyclical endogenous consumption tax creates the multiplicity of balanced growth paths (BGPs) in the representative agent framework. Two BGPs arise due to the existence of the Laffer curve. In addition, local indeterminacy may occur around the lowest balanced growth path if consumption tax is mildly procyclical. As a result, there is no trade-off between growth and volatility. Secondly, the growth-maximising tax rate is investigated in the three-period overlapping generations economy in which altruistic parents provide private tuition for their children and the government subsidises public education. When the government misconceives of the existence of private tuition, public education is over-provisioned. This leads the economy to the growth-reducing area of the Armey curve. Finally, in the presence of stochastic productive government expenditure, the economy experiences a higher growth rate than it does in the perfect foresight economy when households are risk-averse agent. The inverted-U shape relationship between economic growth and permanent income tax disappears in the stochastic growth context; nevertheless, the condition of growth-enhancing tax rate remains valid. Furthermore, the first-best fiscal instruments are explored based on the difference between centralised and decentralised economies in the case of proportional congestion. To prevent the welfare loss, the initial capital should be sacrificed in the interest of the higher level of consumption. For this reason, the trade-off between growth and welfare is unavoidable in a decentralised economy.
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Williams, P. E. "Central government capital expenditure and regional growth : The impact of project expenditure on two regions of Guyana." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379131.
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KAWAHARA, Shinya. "Spillover Effect, Current Account, and the Composition of Government Expenditure." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10535.
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Karavitis, Nicholas E. "The determinants of government expenditure growth in Greece, 1950-1980." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35503.
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The scope of this study is the examination of various theoretical contributions to the literature of the determinants of government expenditure growth. In the beginning we give a critical overview of different theories, starting with Wagner's Law, then passing onto Peacock and Wiseman's Displacement Effect Hypothesis and then putting bureaucracy, politics and other economic and social factors into perspective. We conclude that the best way of examining the growth of the public sector is by means of interdisciplinary approaches. Then, after giving a synoptic description of the Greek economy, polity and society we proceed into the empirical testing of theoretical propositions, which covers the years 1950-1980. We stress the fact that government expenditures is a non-uniform set interacting with the private sector and we employ empirical causality tests to a large number of variables in an attempt to identify causal relationships rather than assume them ex ante. Having done this, we proceed into calculating income elasticities for various categories of government expenditures, and we find that, in general, they are unitary except for those which are associated with transfer payments and are higher than unity. Furthermore, we were not able to identify any displacements in the Peacock and Wiseman sense, although we did find out that defence expenditure affects non-defence expenditure negatively. Finally, we constructed a model in order to examine the relative price effect, and the results we obtained were not fully in accordance with Baumol's assertions, any differences, however, being explained by the bureaucratic way of production.
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Albrecht, Tomás. "Designing the Publikvitto, a system to make government expenditure tangible." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231516.
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Air transportation is essential to our society. It enables global trading, brings people together, and lets travelers explore distant parts of the world. However, flying is a highly unsustainable behavior and accounts for roughly 2% of all carbon emissions; with industry and research forecasting constant growth in the coming years. The economic benefits rhetoric often prevails over the environmental costs, though; motivating governments to give incentives to airports and airlines. The Swedish Government, despite its green goals and pro-sustainability actions, is no exception, and both municipal and federal funds support the air route network. This thesis reports on the development of the Publikvitto, a system designed to help citizen make sense of the government's incentives to the flying industry. The process is based on research through design and inspired by reflective practices. The primary outcome are insights into the relationship between designer, social issues, and government's actions; and how these elements can be approached in order to design artifacts that motivate people to engage in political discussions.Att transportera sig med hjälp av flygplan är idag en självklarhet. Genom att flyga kan vi upptäcka andra delar av världen, träffa nya människor och få till internationella uppgörelser. Att flyga är dock ett mycket ohållbart sätt att transportera sig och svarar för ca 2% av all världens koldioxidutsläpp, där forskning och utveckling av industrin endast visar att dessa siffror kommer växa. Eftersom flygindustrin är en viktig del av samhället är dock de miljömässiga konsekvenserna förbisedda, där staterna snarare upprätthåller industrin genom bidrag och skattelättnader. Trots sina hållbara mål är Sveriges stat inget undantag. Denna studie handlar om utvecklingen av Publikvittot, ett system som är designat för att hjälpa oss som medborgare att förstå regeringens stöd och skattelättnader gentemot flygindustrin. Processen av utvecklandet är baserad på “forskning genom design” och inspirerad av reflekterande förhållningssätt. Slutsatser av denna studie handlar framför allt om insikter om relationen mellan designer, sociala problem och statens handlingar och hur dessa element kan bli bemötta för att designa produkter som motiverar människor att delta i politiska diskussioner.
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Eremin, Dmitry V. "Urban Core vs. Suburban Fringe: Asymmetrical Fiscal Effects of Tax and Expenditure Limitations in Metropolitan Areas." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29304.
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This dissertation assesses the effects of tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) on principal items of revenue, largest components of expenditure and the levels of public debt of local governments serving urban cores and suburban fringes of the largest metropolitan areas in the US.
The first part of the dissertation consists of 4 chapters. Chapter 1 examines the formal aspects of TELs; Chapter 2 explores historical evolution of fiscal limits between 1800 and 2009; Chapter 3 examines substantive nature of TELs; and Chapter 4 reviews the extant research on TELs. The past research suggests that TELs are associated with increased centralization, diminished government responsiveness, and suboptimal outcomes of the entire local public sector.
The second part of the dissertation, Chapters 5-6, presents the empirical study of the asymmetrical fiscal effects of TELs on different geographic segments of metropolitan areas. The study employs the quasi-experimental multiple comparison group time series research design and measures fiscal outcomes associated with the imposition of TELs. It relies on a standard fixed effects dummy variable OLS model with constant slope coefficients and variable intercept. The sample (N = 166,530) contains 7 periods of observation at 5 year intervals of 745 metropolitan counties from 270 metropolitan areas. The unit of analysis is the metropolitan county area.
The study found that in the urban cores and suburban fringes of metropolitan areas: 1) overall fiscal effects of TELs follow general asymmetrical trends identified by past research; 2) specific fiscal effects varied by comparison group, type of TEL imposed, and measure of fiscal outcome; 3) local governments in the urban cores are more adversely affected by TELs; 4) general revenues and expenditures declined in all comparison groups but urban core local governments experienced larger declines; 5) in all comparison groups own source revenues declined, intergovernmental revenues increased, spending on public education and public safety declined with larger declines in the urban cores; 6) long-term debt (especially non-guaranteed) has been rising more quickly in the urban core segments of metropolitan areas; and 7) in general, the effects of TELs were more negative and more pronounced for local governments experiencing fiscal stress.Ph. D.
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Aris, Sulaiman Bin. "Risk management in public expenditure management and service delivery in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1119/.
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The study seeks to clarify why donors such as the World Bank still insist on the use of their financial management system rather than the recipient country’s financial management system, despite the intention under the Paris Declaration 2005 to use the respective government’s systems. The study then explores the reasons why the financial management system used by the World Bank is more effective in managing risks related to public financial management and aid as compared to the Government of Malaysia approach. The study compares financial management by the World Bank and Ministry of Education, Government of Malaysia, in their parallel implementation of Educational Sector Support Projects (ESSP) under the Eighth Malaysian Plan, 2001-2005. The quality of financial management of projects in two systems is compared using established criteria of good financial management practice. Findings are based on evidence from interviews, documentation and direct observations. The study demonstrates the significant roles in reducing risks played in the World Bank approach by the Project Management Reports (PMR), the high quality of Project Implementation Unit (PIU) staff and the better procurement procedures. The implication is that more effective risk management and financial management reporting were needed by the Ministry of Education in implementing the ESSP under the Eighth Malaysian Plan 2001 - 2005.
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Dinku, Yonatan Minuye. "The Impact of Foreign Aid on Government Fiscal Behaviour: Evidence from Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3239_1277074077.
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The effectiveness of foreign aid in bringing economic and social development is mired in controversy. However, despite the controversial debates on its effectiveness, poor countries of the world have been receiving and using aid as a leverage to relieve themselves from development constraints they faced. Ethiopia is no exception amongst developing countries. Since the time it joined the World Bank group in 1945, foreign capital inflow has remained an important source of revenue for the government. This paper examines the fiscal impact of aid inflow into Ethiopia using time series data for the period 1975-2005. The empirical findings reveal that inflow of foreign aid influences public decision on revenue and expenditure patterns. The result shows that a larger proportion of aid is allocated to capital expenditure and that only a small proportion goes to recurrent expenditure. There is a strong positive association between aid inflow and capital expenditure. The finding also shows that, while a very weak negative association exists between aid and taxation effort, aid and borrowing are used as alternative source of finance.
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Wu, Xiangjie. "Government expenditure and economic growth in China : a time series perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556108.
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Awiti, Christine [Verfasser]. "Government expenditure and economic growth : theoretical and empirical analysis / Christine Awiti." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150270160/34.
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Viegas, Miguel Lopes Batista. "Debt, Government Size and Public Expenditure in a Heterogeneous-Agent Framework." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/44744.
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Viegas, Miguel Lopes Batista. "Debt, Government Size and Public Expenditure in a Heterogeneous-Agent Framework." Tese, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/44744.
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Levaggi, Rosella. "Fiscal federalism asymmetry of information and grants-in-aid : a theoretical and empirical analysis." Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4240/.
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Birkelöf, Lena. "Spatial interaction and local government expenditures for functionally impaired in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30216.
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The thesis consists of an introductory part and three self-contained papers. Paper [I] studies the determinants of the differences in expenditure on services for functionally impaired individuals among municipalities in Sweden. A spatial autoregressive model is used in order to test whether the decisions on the expenditure level in a neighboring municipality affect the municipality’s own expenditure. The results show of spatial interaction among neighbors, possible due to mimicking. However, when controlling for differences among counties there is no evidence of spatial interaction. Therefore, the positive interaction first found can be interpreted either as a result of differences in the way county councils diagnose individuals or due to interaction among the neighbors in the same county. Paper [II] takes advantage of a new intergovernmental grant in two ways. First, the grant is used to study the effect on municipal spending related to the grant. Second, the grant is used to test a hypothesis of spatial interaction among municipalities due to mimicking behavior. The data used pertains to the periods before and after the introduction of the grant. A fixed-effects spatial lag model is used to study the spatial interactions among municipalities. The results show that before the grant, municipalities interact with their neighbors when setting the expenditure level, while there is no evidence of interaction in the second period. This would support the hypothesis that the grants provide information to the municipalities and the need for mimicking diminishes with the grant. Paper [III] examines whether local public expenditures on services to functionally impaired individuals crowd out other local public expenditures in Sweden. The hypothesis is tested on five different spending areas using a two-stage least squares (2SLS) fixed-effects model. While the results give no support for crowding out in the areas of social assistance, culture & leisure, and childcare & preschool, a negative relationship on spending for elderly & disabled care and on spending for education is found, suggesting that crowding out indeed occurs within the municipal sector. The negative relationships are significant both in a statistical and an economic sense.
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McCarthy, Donna T. "An exploratory study of socially responsible procurement activities in the expenditure of public funds at the state and local levels of government." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3242452.
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Maleka, Dennis Mandla. "Should the public sector (central government) borrow domestically or offshore." University of the Western Cape, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7089.
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Magister Commercii - MCom1. Taxes are an important source of government revenue (income). A failure by the government to collect sufficient taxes to cover for its ever increasing expenditures, engenders fiscal problems. Amongst others the government is compelled to borrow to finance its budget short fall. In this instance, should the government borrow domestically or offshore to finance its short fall . 2. Amongst the theories discussed in this paper, are the views of the Neoclassical Keynesian and the Ricardi an schools of thought. Further more, South African theories on government debt are also discussed. 3. There is a considerably large number of indicators that can be used to determine an appropriate level of both domestic and foreign debt of a country. Certain well establish criteria such as the ratio of foreign interest payments to exports, the ratio of foreign debt to gross domestic product, the ratio of·govemment debt to gross domestic product and the ratio of foreign debt to exports, are amongst the pool of indicators that can be used. However, the following indicators have been identified as the most commonly used in the analysis of budget deficits, and they are; ratio of deficit before borrowing and debt repayment to GDP, the ratio of government debt to GDP, the ratio of interest payments to government expenditure, the level of real interest rates relative to economic growth and the net asset value or net worth of the government. 4. Deficit financing refer to the ways in which the budgetary gap is financed. Overreliance on domestic borrowing may mean high real interest rates and falling investment, and overreliance on foreign borrowing can cause appreciating real exchange rates and unsustainable external indebtedness, amongst others. 5. Amongst the available remedies for debt ills in this country, is the suggestion to significantly cut government expenditure. However, realities currently confronting the authorities, like the increase in public servants as a result of the abolishment of homelands and the constitutionally guaranteed employment of civil servants from the old order, automatically put pressure on public consumption. 6. On the international front, South Africa is underborrowed. In this regard favour should go more for offshore borrowing. Certainly South Africa has to generate the means of meeting debt obligations by running a surplus of exports over imports of goods and services. The bulk of the country's debt is of domestic origin which account for well over 90 % of total debt. The current anti inflationary monetary policy with its concomitant high interest rates, makes domestic borrowing more costly.
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Jarupasin, Kritchasorn. "Essays on economic growth, public expenditure and telecommunication infrastructure." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30274.
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This thesis consists of four studies, presented in three main essays, empirically linking economic growth to public expenditure and telecommunication infrastructure using four different sample groups of countries with data from 1972-2012. In the second chapter, in Study 1, the permanent growth effects of fiscal policy are investigated across countries with different income levels using the public-policy endogenous growth model, where public spending is classified by function. The endogeneity problems associated with taxes and investment are taken into account, as is a possible non-linear relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. The results have shown that gross capital formation is the only control variable that has a significant positive coefficient in all growth regressions, while the evidence of conditional convergence hypothesis is reaffirmed. An increase in transportation and communication spending is conducive to growth in both developing and high-income countries, whereas other types of spending are not. In the third chapter, in Study 2, we firstly consider the relationship between public spending and growth with a government budget constraint. The evidence for productive expenditure being conducive to growth only exists in high-income OECD countries. Distortionary taxes are shown to have growth-deteriorating effects in both the developing country and the high-income OECD country groups. When considering the relationship between public spending and long-run GDP per capita level in Study 3, it was found that an increase in total spending financed by non-distortionary taxes enhances the per capita level of GDP in high-income OECD countries. Regardless of implicit financing elements, increases in total spending in developing countries cannot promote long-run increases in GDP per capita levels. In developing countries, increases in the shares of health care and general public services in spending can improve long-run GDP per capita. In high-income OECD countries, increasing in the share of education in spending is conducive to increasing per capita GDP in the long-run. In the fourth chapter, in Study 4, we assess the link between telecommunication infrastructure and economic development. The system of equations is used while considering stationarity and cointegration of variables in the models. The output dividend of fixed telephones in the period from 1975 to 1990 for the group of high-income OECD countries is higher than for developing countries. When considering mobile phone infrastructure, an increase in penetration has positive effects on aggregate output in developing countries for the period from 1990 to 2012. There is only weak evidence that increased mobile phone penetration in high-income OECD countries has a negative effect. When fixed telephone penetration is low, an increase in mobile phone penetration enhances aggregate output. When fixed telephone penetration is already high, an increase in mobile phone penetration might have deteriorating effects. The results have shown that mobile phone and fixed telephone infrastructures are, in fact, substitutes for one another rather than complements.
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JUSWANTO, Wawan. "Distribution of Government Expenditure and Demand for Education Services:The Case of Indonesia." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14053.
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Grose, Robert, and robert grose@deakin edu au. "Formal and Informal Controls of Government over Social Security Expenditure-An Analysis." RMIT University. Business, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080627.102004.
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While a significant amount of research has examined the more traditional budgetary and procedural controls used by governments to maintain control over social security expenditure, very little research has examined the more obscure formal social controls used to achieve the same purpose. The primary aim of this study was to fill this research vacuum by examining both the formal and informal mechanisms used by governments to maintain control over social security expenditure and to achieve longer-term public policy appropriation. In particular the study focused on the payment of Job Newstart and Youth Allowances and how the social control discourse of marginalisation was used to achieve such control. The study was undertaken in two stages. In stage one, an e-mail questionnaire was distributed to Job Network consultants (n = 739) employed at 66 not-for-profit Job Network Providers throughout Australia. In stage two, focus group interviews were conducted to expand on the responses previously obtained from the e-mail questionnaire survey. The study produced several significant findings from the views of Job Network consultants. Most significantly the results support Foucault's discourse on marginalisation. That is the results help to explain how consultants identify and single out people who do not fit the norm and therefore represent a case for special treatment. The effect of this marginalisation process is that governments are able to assert power and authority over welfare claimants and that the process is justified from the government's viewpoint. It would also seem that society and the individual accept such institutional arrangements. The techniques of marginalisation are disciplinary in their nature and relate to the multiplication of social security rules and procedures and a correlative division of the claimant population in accordance with constitutive criteria of status and entitlement. The study also concluded that Job Network consultants recognised that the breaching regime should be modified longer-term to take account of the i nformal ethical and moral criteria of fairness, justice and the rights of individuals. Having said this however, the same group of consultant's indicated in very strong terms that recipients' of Newstart and Youth Allowances should comply with their mutual obligation requirements and that they should be penalised in those instances where they do not comply with these requirements.
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Aristarán, Manuel. "SpendView : a platform for democratizing access to government budget and expenditure data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106058.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-77).
Budgeting and expenditure data is the clearest expression of a government's priorities. Despite its importance, making it available to the public imposes hard challenges that not every administration is ready to undertake. The lack of IT capabilities and constrained resources of government agencies -regardless of size or budget- make it difficult for them to respond to the demands of information from their constituencies, transparency advocates, the press and central governments. Moreover, these administrations don't usually have access to analysis tools that help them view how the resources are being used and to detect potential risks of misspending -a critical need of elected officials, who are under everyday scrutiny. Responding to these needs, I propose the design, implementation, impact and usability studies of a software platform for analysis and visualization of government budget and expenditure data.
by Manuel Aristarán.
S.M.
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Kim, Young Jae. "Government expenditure and capital accumulation in a developing economy with external debt /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7418.
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Saha, Subrata Kumar. "Effects of structural changes on the intertemporal relationship between government expenditure and government revenue of South-East Asian economy." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2632.
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Chen, Dongjin. "Legacies and Incentives:Explaining Variation in Local Healthcare Expenditure Variation in Post-Mao China." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1343052167.
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Garasky, Steven Brian. "Bureaucrat and voter strategies for determining public good expenditure levels by local jurisdictions." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269536715.
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Watt, P. A. "Topics in the analysis of government expenditure and intervention : a public choice approach." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10782/.
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Rodriguez, Susana Franco. "Fiscal response to foreign aid : applications to Pakistan and Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324064.
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Lutz, Joachim [Verfasser]. "Foreign vs. domestic public debt and the composition of government expenditure / Joachim Lutz." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110614063X/34.
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Perez, Fuentes Aleman Lizbeth. "The effects of different types of taxes and government expenditure on economic performance." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723317.
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Local fiscal policy needs to take into account particular characteristics of a region and its level of development. Each locality has its own particular combination of resources, capabilities and needs. Firstly, this work estimates the impact of fiscal policy through a number of income and expenditure variables on output per capita growth and employment/unemployment using fixed-effects panel data econometric methodology in 32 states and 2,247 municipalities of Mexico from 1994 to 2010, and country data in 20 Latin American economies during the same period. Secondly, this analysis computes the impact on growth of the 1998 Federal Reform to the Fiscal Coordination System in Mexico, since it is the most significant reform in the decade regarding transfers from central to local governments. Finally, this research discusses the linkage between policy makers’ perception, public finances and the local inhabitants’ opinion regarding public services provided -considering a self-developed survey in the 32 Mexican states and Latinobarómetro surveys from 2008 to 2010. The main result in this research is that local fiscal policy is inaccurate if it does not take into account income and expenditure components simultaneously when analysing the effect of fiscal policy variables on Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita) and employment/unemployment at a sub-national level. This research intends to be a pragmatic application of fiscal policy management. My work shows that the impact of fiscal policy variables is not equal among the different levels of government. My results are consistent with Devarajan et al. (1996) that find that current expenditure can boost growth in less developed economies, and the relationship between government capital expenditure and growth is negative in developing countries due to misallocations of public spending. The current study shows that the 1998 Federal Reform has a positive effect, particularly on low income localities in Mexico, while some negative effects in more developed municipalities. According to the results of my self-developed survey in Mexico during 2014-2015, government officials considered that fiscal policy had a significant effect on growth (up to 65%) and only (2-5%) thought it was not significant. With respect to the analysis of Latinobarómetro surveys 2008-2010 for localities in Mexico, I utilise an ordered probit regression where the dependent variable reflects the response to questions regarding taxes, confidence and satisfaction of local services and the independent variables in my model are the fiscal variables. In my understanding, there has not been a similar exercise in establishing a relationship between taxpayer’s satisfaction and fiscal policy variables. My results show a lack of confidence in the local government and poor taxpayer satisfaction with municipal services. Overall, my research suggests that 1) policy makers need to account for local population needs and disparities to overcome regional inequalities; 2) a lack of local government capacity building and 3) relevance of institutional framework.
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Hosking, Stephen Gerald. "An economic analysis of government expenditure allocations to black schooling in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001451.
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In this thesis an assessment is made of the contribution of economic theory to the debate on government expenditure allocations to schooling in developing countries. Publicly provided Black schooling in South Africa is taken as the case study and viewed in the light of historical perspectives, as well as human capital, rent-seeking, welfare, liberal and contractarian theory. From an historical perspective, the willingness of Blacks to enrol at schools under National Party control, despite the poor quality of such schooling and lack of labour market incentives for them to do so, is paradoxical. It leads to the conclusion that under National Party administration the private benefit of Black schooling exceeded the private cost; a situation which is argued to have been influenced by rent-seeking. The propositions that government expenditure on Black schooling is a profitable social investment, and that rent-seeking has influenced the allocations of government expenditure on Black and White education are then investigated. Empirical support is found for both propositions, but it is based on the use of controversial methods and measures. The provision of education by the state can be justified on many economic grounds; the most popular being that this improves welfare by bringing about a better distribution of income or by redressing market failure. However, as there are major problems with this approach, it is concluded that neoclassical welfare theory fails to provide a persuasive justification for current levels of government expenditure on Black schooling. The provision of Black schooling by the state can also be justified in terms of liberal objectives. Classical and reform liberalism and their respective conclusions are examined. Marxist views on the role played by the state in the provision of education are also considered, but not found to be appropriate. Two contractarian assessments of the government's role in the provision of Black schooling are also provided in this thesis. They are based on the works of John Rawls (1971 and 1974) and James Buchanan (1986). The approach taken by James Buchanan is argued to be more appropriate to South African circumstances than Rawls's, and it is in the context of the former that problems with respect to public decisions on education and possible solutions to them are discussed. The conclusion of the thesis is that economic theory offers only a limited explanation for government expenditure allocations to Black education in South Africa
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BROWN, LEANORA A. "Essays on Foreign Aid, Government Spending and Tax Effort." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/83.
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This dissertation comprises two essays that attempt to determine, empirically, the fiscal response of governments’ to international assistance. The first essay examines whether an increasingly popular recommendation in international aid policy to switch from tied foreign assistance to untied foreign assistance affects investment in critical development expenditure sectors by developing countries. In the past, most international aid has been in the form of tied assistance as donors believed that tying aid will improve its effectiveness. It has been argued, that if tied aid is well designed and effectively managed then its overall effectiveness can be improved. On the contrary, it is also believed that tied aid acts as an impediment to donor cooperation and the building of partnership with developing countries. In addition, it is also argued that it removes the ‘feeling’ of ownership and responsibility of projects from partner countries in aid supported development. Two other more popular arguments used to challenge the effectiveness of foreign aid is that it is compromised when tied to the goods and services of the donor countries because almost 30 percent of its value is eliminated and also because it does not allow recipient countries to act on their priorities for public spending. These problems bring into question whether tied aid is truly the most effective way to help poor countries. A recommendation by the international community is that a switch to untied aid would be necessary. With untied aid, the recipient country is not obligated to buy the goods of the donor country neither is it compelled to pursue the public expenditure priorities of donors. Instead with untied aid they will have greater flexibility over spending decisions and can more easily pursue the priorities of their countries as they see fit. Hence, one could expect that a one dollar increase in untied aid will increase spending in the critical priority sectors by more than a one dollar increase in tied assistance. The question therefore is whether national domestic priorities coincide or not with what the international community has traditionally deemed should be priority. Empirically, we test this prediction using country-by-country data for 57 countries for the period 1973 to 2006. The results suggest that on average untied aid has a greater impact on pro-poor spending than do tied aid. In addition, the results also suggest that fungibility is still an issue even after accounting for the effects of untied aid. However, one could argue that fungibility may not be as bad as it appears since the switch to untied aid improves spending in the sectors that are essential for growth and development.
The second essay explores the hypothesis that the expectations of debt forgiveness can discourage developing countries from attaining fiscal independence through an improvement of their tax effort. On the one hand, the international financial community typically advises poor countries to improve revenue mobilization but, on the other hand, the same international community routinely continues to bail-out poor countries that fail to meet their loan repayment obligations. The act of bailing-out these countries creates an expectation on the part of developing country governments that they will receive debt forgiveness time and again in the future. Therefore, the expectation of future bail outs creates a moral hazard that leads to endemic lower tax efforts. The key prediction of our simple theoretical model is that in the presence of debt forgiveness, tax ratios will decline and this decline will be stronger the higher the frequency and intensity of the bailouts. Empirically, we test this prediction using country-level data for 66 countries for the period 1989 to 2006. The results strongly suggest that debt forgiveness plays a significant role in the low tax effort observed in developing countries. Our empirical model allows for the endogeneity of tax effort and debt forgiveness. Interestingly we find that more debt forgiveness is actually provided to countries with lower tax effort. The results are robust to various specifications.
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Björklöv, Ruth. "Introducing women's political representation as an explanatory variable for aid utilization : An analysis of the influence of women's political representation on the utilization of foreign assistance." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434620.
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This thesis investigates how women's political representation influences foreign aid utilization. While recent contributions show that the impact of foreign aid is highly dependent on the recipient government, there is still limited research on the relationship between women's political representation and aid utilization. Existing work within the research field of female political representation suggests that women are more likely to prioritize resource allocation towards healthcare and education and less likely to prioritize the military. Thus, women’s political representation is predicted to work as a moderating effect on aid utilization, whereby increases in female representation is associated with more aid resources being allocated towards healthcare and education and less to the military. To test the relationship(s) implied, this thesis employs multiple regression analysis on a time series data set of 102 aid-receiving countries from 2000-2017. The hypothesis that women's political representation has a moderating effect on aid utilization could not be supported by the regression analysis. The results do however indicate that female representation in the recipient countries influences government allocation in general.
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Jaikampan, Kraiwuth. "The Interactive Effects of Tax and Expenditure Limitations Stringency with Revenue Diversity and the Council-manager Form of Government on Municipal Expenditures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699979/.
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This dissertation examines the effects of tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) stringency and its interaction with revenue diversity and the council-manager form of government on municipal general fund expenditure. TELs are explicit rules that states impose to reduce local government spending. TELs stringency varies from state to state, leading to difficulties in assessing their impact across the nation. This dissertation proposes a new means for measuring the stringency of TELs imposed on local governments. Factor analysis is utilized, and then factor scores are calculated to identify degrees of TELs stringency. This study contends that higher levels of TELs stringency are associated with lower local government spending. However, the effectiveness of TELs is dependent on revenue diversity and the form of government. This study suggests that both revenue diversity and the council-manager form of government mitigate the impacts of TELs stringency on local government spending. Panel data from 2007 to 2011 from 1,508 municipalities are utilized. This study finds that higher levels of TELs stringency are associated with lower levels of municipal general fund expenditures per capita. However, TELs stringency is effective only when revenue diversity is low and when cities have a form of government other than council-manager. These results are generally consistent with the theory presented in this dissertation.
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Maidi, Mohloriseng Athelia Mmatshepo. "The countercyclicality of fiscal policy in South Africa since 1994." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23721.
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This study uses a simple univariate regression model to assess the cyclicality of fiscal policy, based on government expenditure, in South Africa since 1994. The model suggests that that total government expenditure is highly procyclical, indicating that government spending responds positively to economic growth. The results from similar regression focusing on components of government spending suggests that only capital spending (economic classification) and general services (functional classification) are countercyclical, while other classifications are more procyclical in line with total government spending. The procyclicality of expenditure components such as compensation of employees, goods and services and all functional classification is in line with government’s decisions to reduce taxes in order to boost economic activities during periods of recessions, coupled with South Africa’s high public wage bill. The countercyclicality of capital spending is attributed to government's view on prioritising capital projects during periods of recession, in line with the Keynesian theory. Results of procyclicality confirm most of other empirical findings on South Africa’s fiscal policy. However, this suggests that the procyclicality of South Africa’s government expenditure plays only a small role in demand management and therefore stabilising aggregate demand or economic fluctuations.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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盧濬豐. "Local Government Expenditure and Local Government Debt in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34690123034038648183.
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碩士逢甲大學
財稅學系
101
The issue of public debt is getting important after economic crisis burst out in 2008. In 2012, Taiwan’s gross public debt reached NT 6 trillion and local government debt was over NT 800 billion. The gross public debt and local government debt are increasing. Besides, local governments have a deficit since 1998. Therefore this study is to examine the relationship between local government expenditures and local government debts. This study will focus on some large proportion of total expenditure project and public debt of Taiwan’s local government from 2004 to 2012. Use panel vector autoregression (PVAR) or panel vector error correction model (PVECM) to probe the both relations. Study demonstrate negative correlation between expenditure of local government and public debt of local government. The results of this study is that when increase expenditure of local government can decrease public debt of local government.
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Kuo, Yen-Chin, and 郭嚴今. "The Structure of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth –Empirical Analysis of Productive expenditure and Unproductive Expenditure." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63334615093322887873.
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碩士淡江大學
會計學系碩士在職專班
101
The purpose of the study was to investigate the structure of government expenditure on economic growth impact, based on World Bank guidelines for classifying government expenditure structure, the structure of government spending into productive expenditure, unproductive expenditure and other expenditure. This study is based on Taiwan from 1992 to 2011 time series data, including production expenditures, unproductive expenditure and other expenditure such as government spending and to consider population growth rate, trade openness and other variables and the relationship between economic growth and using SPSS statistical software descriptive statistics, regression analysis and ADF unit root test, the final conclusions based on empirical results of their research are as follows: 1. Productive expenditure for economic growth, showing a significant negative correlation. 2. Non-productive expenditure for economic growth, showing a significant positive correlation. 3. Other expenditure for economic growth, showing a significant positive correlation. 4. The population growth rate for economic growth, showing significant negative correlation. 5. Trade openness for economic growth, showing a significant positive correlation.
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Mthethwa, Nelisiwe Rejoice. "Government expenditure growth in South Africa, 1960-1993." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4497.
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This study is about government expenditure in South Africa for the 1960 - 1993 period. It seeks to investigate (i) the sources of growth of government expenditure, (ii) the relative contribution of the major functional categories (i.e. general administration, economic services, social services, and defence expenditure) to the aggregate government expenditure, and (iii) to estimate the future growth in government expenditure given the rate of growth of the economy. The analytical approach adopted in the study is based on the framework developed by Abedian and Standish (1984). In this framework, the contribution of each expenditure category to total expenditure is obtained as the ratio of the product of the percentage change in an expenditure category and the share of that expenditure category in the total to the percentage change in total expenditure. To investigate the sources of the expenditure growth, a model relating expenditure to its determinants is specified and estimated to obtain the expenditure elasticities, which are then used to determine the impact of the changes in each determinant on the expenditure in question. Finally, using the rate of growth of domestic income (GDP), and the long-run income elasticity of demand for government services, the maximum permissible growth of expenditure is determined. With these estimates, the expected shortfall between the desired and actual
expenditure is then determined. Our results show that the income elasticities of all the functional expenditures and the total non-defence expenditure were found to be greater than unity, suggesting the presence of the Wagner's law in South Africa during the 1960 - 1993 period. This
implies that government expenditure increased more than the proportionate increase in income. Expenditure on administration was the largest contributor to the level of government spending. However, in 1990, social services became the largest contributor and remained at that high level until 1993. The higher the growth in the economy, the larger will be
growth in government expenditure. A significantly high growth in the
economy was accompanied by a significantly high growth in government expenditure. When the growth in the economy turned to negative, the growth in government expenditure also became negative.Thesis (M.Soc.Sc. ; Economics) - University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.
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Maluleke, Glenda. "The determinants of government expenditure in South Africa." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25402.
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This study empirically examines the determinants of government expenditure in South Africa using annual data for the period from 1970 to 2014; and provides an overview of the South African government expenditure. The Johansen-Juselius co-integration test established that there is a long-run relationship between government expenditure and its determinants. The error correction model was used to examine the key determinants. The results of this study show that urbanisation rate, national income, poverty reduction; trade openness lagged one period and the wage rate significantly influence the size of government expenditure. Therefore, the study recommend that government create job opportunities; increase its expenditure in developing rural areas; and find ways to manage the public sector wage bill. The study concludes that population growth, inflation and trade openness in current period are not important in determining government expenditure in South AfricaEconomics
M. Com. (Economics)
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SU, YU-YU, and 蘇佑諭. "Productive Government Expenditure in a Search-Matching Model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61140833267820369190.
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Chang, Yintsui, and 張螢翠. "Analysis of the Efficiency of Government Education Expenditure." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44506220258912361057.
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碩士國立中正大學
會計與資訊科技研究所
100
Abstract This study uses data provided by the Executive Yuan Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Department of Statistics between 2004 and 2008 to carry out a regression analysis on the relationship between educational inputs measured by funding provided by the MOE to each local government for education (central government education funding) and final education expenditures for each local government (educational costs) and educational outputs measured by total admission test scores as compiled by the College Entrance Examination Center, number of criminal cases, number of children, juveniles, and young people involved in crime, and the dropout rate for elementary and junior high schools (benefit derived from education). The study aims to show what level of central funding of education to local governments is more beneficial and whether there is a difference between regions on the effect of central government funding on educational performance. The results show that East Taiwan both received the largest central government education subsidy and had the highest local education expenditure per person. In East Taiwan, the greater the level of education expenditure per person by local governments, the lower the number of children involved in crime. In addition, higher math scores also had an influence. In contrast, the average central government subsidy for education per person was lowest in North Taiwan. However, higher levels of education subsidy also produced lower crime rates per 1000 people, and fewer juveniles and young people involved in crime. Local governments in Central Taiwan had the lowest levels of educational expenditure per person for the period. In addition, the level of educational expenditure in Central Taiwan had no effect on performance indicators. If we look at the deferred effect of educational expenditure, when central government education expenditure per student was higher in the previous year, there was a beneficial effect on the number of elementary and junior high school dropouts in East and Central Taiwan; when local government educational expenditure per student was higher in the previous year, there was a beneficial effect on the number of young people involved in crime in North Taiwan. Keywords: government education funding performance, regional differences, government education funding
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LIN, SHAN-YI, and 林珊儀. "The Impact of Government Expenditure and Government Governance on Economic Growth：Evidence from China." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s8373x.
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碩士逢甲大學
財稅學系
106
Steady economic growth is the goal pursued by the government. The growth of public expenditure and its impact on economic activities have been a concern and re-search for many scholars, but so far there is no consensus. Economists believe that long-term economic growth depends on governance, and the country can achieve good economic growth through good governance. This paper empirically studies the correlation between China government expenditure and government governance on economic growth from 1996 to 2016 and uses the government expenditures and six governance indicators announced by International Monetary Fund and World Bank to analyze its impact on China's economic growth. Vector autoregression (VAR) and vector error correction model (VECM) are used to analyze whether the variables have a significant influence relationship. The results of the study show that the degree of voice and accountability, rule of law have a significant negative impact on economic growth, and control of corruption is a significant positive effect. Government expenditure has a positive effect on eco-nomic growth, but it is not significant.