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1
Durrant, Hannah. "Governing skills, governing workplaces : state-steered voluntarism in England under New Labour." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.563991.
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This thesis examines the Skills Strategy for England under New Labour as a contested project to govern workplace high(er) skill aspiration and behaviour. It analyses differentiated state strategies to promote and (re)produce responsible skills ambitions; the engagement of employer and employee representatives with these strategies to stretch and reshape, and resist and restate the project; and the implications for skills provision. The research involved interpretive analysis of policy documents, and in-depth interviews with policy-making elites; strategic representatives of business and worker/learner interests; and skills providers. To support my empirical focus this thesis is located within theories of the changing form and function of the state. Adopting a ‘cultural political economy’ approach, and drawing on critical governance studies, to illuminate the interplay between meaning production and practice, I challenge the conclusion that mechanisms for skills creation in England are premised on a misunderstanding of the skills motivations of employers and employees. Instead I expose state work through policy to produce and export a skills logic; constituting and positioning governable subjects in relation to their internalisation of these logics; and the role of differentiated policies to manoeuvre subjects towards preferential skills behaviours. The findings highlight that what is presented as a coherent ‘partnership’ approach to producing enhanced skills can be better understood as three distinctive state strategies, (demand-led; leading demand; circumventing lack of demand) , which are aimed at differently imagined and constructed workplaces, (enlightened; inert; or deviant), depending on their demonstrable degree of responsible skills ambition. I therefore term this project ‘state-steered voluntarism’. However, I also expose the limitations and limits of this project. Attempts to present policy coherence lacquers over latent tensions and contradictions between the different skills strategies, creating policy ‘opacities’ which serve as spaces for the strategic voices of employer/employee representation to talk back; disorganising the practices and processes of skills delivery.
2
Tretera, Michal. "Parní turbína pro průmyslovou teplárnu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443163.
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This diploma thesis deals with the thermodynamic design of a backpressure steam turbine. The mass flow of steam through the turbine is determined based on the required heat output, which is transferred in a heat exchanger at the turbine outlet. The governing stage of the turbine is in form of an impulse stage, with optimization of degree of reaction included. During the optimization, a suitable rotor blade was chosen as well as its size. The governing stage is followed by fifteen stages of reaction blading with the stage loading coefficient in the range of 2,75 to 2,80. The governing stage and the reaction blading both meet the mechanical strength requirements. Balancing piston, sealing system and bearings are also designed. Finally, a turbine characteristic is created as well as a longitudinal section. The designed turbine has a speed of 10 000 rpm. While supplying the required heat output, it has a terminal power output of 5 863,4 kW and a thermodynamic efficiency of 84,69 %.
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Dang, Hop Xuan. "International law as governing law of state contracts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496437.
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O'Connor, Tony 1972. "Governing bodies: a Maori healing tradition in a bicultural state." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2327.
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Biculturalism is a relationship in government between the British Crown and the indigenous [Māori] people of New Zealand. I show that this relationship permeated some Māori healing practitioners’ healing knowledge and perception. A key way in which this occurred was through the practitioners recognizing biological and social boundaries between Māori and Pākehā [New Zealanders of European descent]. A second was through the practitioners’ embodiment of connections with social groups including the nation, a history and present shared between Māori and Pākehā and an idealized pre-contact past. A fundamental principle of Te Oo Mai Reia was that for the practitioners to harness the power of the various forces that sustained life they had to be in touch with their whakapapa [genealogy] for it was through their ancestors that they could commune with the Ultimate Deity, Io, the source of the most potent of all forces of life. A further key principle was that spiritually inspired and traditional Māori culture heightened the wellbeing of Māori, not modern, Pākehā culture. Spiritual and ancient knowledge was supra-conscious and made knowable through an embodied awareness of self and other. To make my argument I draw on literature inspired by Foucault that shows how states govern by implementing their operations and securing their penetration into the citizenry by drawing and building upon pre-existing bodies of knowledge and relations of power. I also draw on literature that shows how the human body bears the effects of such practices of government. To this literature I integrate perception by showing how, in this Māori healing context, the government of the bicultural nation-state worked through the ways the practitioners made sense with the body (especially through feeling, seeing and touching).
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O'Connor, Tony. "Governing bodies : a Māori healing tradition in a bicultural state /." e-Thesis University of Auckland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2327.
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Bimpson, Emma Elizabeth. "Governing homelessness : a case study of local welfare state transformation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22246/.
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This thesis examines transformations in housing and homelessness provision by exploring processes of welfare restructuring that are broadly attributed to neoliberalism. Specifically, the interplay between programmes of localism, austerity and marketisation is examined to understand how homelessness and housing need is governed as a welfare issue in England. Post-2010 Coalition and Conservative-led welfare reforms have targeted both social and private renters by restricting eligibility for housing and wider welfare benefits. In addition, the withdrawal of state subsidy for social and supported housing, a decoupling of housing from wider social support services, and an increasing turn towards the private rented sector as a means to fulfil local housing duties has further reduced the security and affordability of housing. A city-based case study situated in Leeds explores the collective and independent contribution of public, private and Third Sector actors who commission and deliver housing and related support services. The case study accounts for a specific housing market and socio-spatial context, as well as reflecting systems of homelessness prevention and relief available for adults in other cities across England. This thesis makes an original contribution by highlighting the nuance, contingency and conflict that exists within local welfare restructuring. Interviews demonstrate how access to social and private housing has been reframed in line with economic rationalities, as state-led processes of austerity and financialisation take effect. Findings reveal the production of marginalisation and precarity as the subjects of welfare are excluded from housing on the basis of economic risk, and highlight particular governmental ideals of citizenship and resilience. However, the case study also shows how austerity is negotiated as well as becoming affective through the agency of individuals, as landlords and support providers interpret social responsibility in varied ways. Crucially, this research also highlights the importance of broader shifts in social care which go beyond ideological and economic reform, and which concern philosophical debates about the governance of vulnerability.
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Maurutto, Paula. "Governing charities church and state in Toronto's catholic archdiocese, 1850-1950 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0017/NQ27305.pdf.
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Kapila, Kriti. "Governing morals : state, marriage and household amongst the Gaddis of North India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2881/.
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This thesis is an anthropological study of legal governance and its impact on kinship relations amongst a migratory pastoralist community in north India. The research is based on fieldwork and archival sources and is concerned with understanding the contest between 'customary' and legal norms in the constitution of public moralities amongst the Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh. The research examines on changing conjugal practices amongst the Gaddis in the context of wider changes in their political economy and in relation to the colonial codification of customary law in colonial Punjab and the Hindu Marriage Succession Acts of 1955-56. The thesis investigates changes in the patterns of inheritance in the context of increased sedentarisation, combined with state legislation and intervention. It examines the move from polygamous to monogamous marriage, and changes in everyday sexual moralities and notions of legitimacy. Analysing marriage and succession related litigation undertaken by Gaddis over the last hundred years, the thesis maps the discursive constitution of the 'customary' and its negotiation in the juridical sphere. The ethnography of local level bureaucracy and its regime of certification demonstrates that dominant legal ideals of conjugal and property relations are effected not merely by legislation, but also through certain state enumerative and documentary practices, such as registration and certification. The research explores how knowledge of 'native' rules and behaviour necessitated the use of anthropological expertise, the culmination of which was the recording of every single tribe's 'customary law' in the region. It investigates the conditions under which the colonial state solicited anthropological expertise, and how the discipline extended its expertise into the realm of state. The colonial state's entanglement in knowledge and human interests is compared with the contemporary state's reformist legal discourse of rights and equality to chart the trajectory of the changing object of governance from subject to citizen.
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Sue, Kimberly Lauren. "Wicked Bad Habits: Governing Women in the Carceral-Therapeutic State in Massachusetts." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11343.
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In this dissertation, I focus on the social response of criminalization and incarceration to the problem of heroin use among women in Massachusetts in the ongoing era of the United States' "War on Drugs." Based on fieldwork conducted between 2010-2014, I argue that the convergence of therapeutic ideals with the prison system creates a means of governing and regulating these women's lives via what I call the "carceral therapeutic state." I examine various facets of treatment programs in the state women's prison, MCI-Framingham, and a local Boston jail, Suffolk County House of Corrections, including drug treatment, trauma treatment and work readiness programs. I consider how and why these programs in prisons and jails have become means to centralize and solidify the criminal justice system as the predominant site of addiction and mental health treatment for poor women on drugs.Anthropology
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Vamstad, Johan. "Governing Welfare : The third sector and the challenges to the Swedish Welfare State." Doctoral thesis, Sundsvall : Department of Social Science, Mid Sweden University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39.
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Ng'weno, Bettina Amilie. "The state in question Afro-Colombians, ethnic territories and governing in the Andes /." Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068192.
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Deeb, Bassam M. "Conceptions of Governing Boards Accountability in the State of Ohio: A Case Study." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1206019159.
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Nicholson-Sweval, Fedearia A. "From Performance to Completion: The Role of State Governing Systems in Higher Education." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1543953217504126.
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Mbatsane, Pinkie Norah. "The financial accountability of school governing bodies." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07312007-110952.
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Rodden, Kirk. "At the Intersection of Politics and Higher Education: Policy, Power, and Governing Boards in Oklahoma." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3312.
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This quantitative study examined the perceptions of members of Oklahoma public higher education governing boards and legislators concerning higher education governance. The purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding among the participants as to the role governing boards should play in the system. The population for the study comprised 142 members of the Oklahoma Legislature and 107 members of 15 Oklahoma public higher education governing boards. The principal investigator used a web-based survey development company to design, collect, and store survey responses.
Results from the study were examined using independent samples t tests and one-way ANOVAs. From these tests, 5 out of 15 research questions had statistically significant findings. Analysis of the data revealed that legislators and members of governing boards perceive the role of governing boards differently in some key ways. There were significant differences concerning governing boards primarily serving to promote the interests of individual institutions, with members of governing boards, Democrats, and participants from suburban areas more likely to agree with this position. Members of the legislature were significantly more likely to agree than members of governing boards that the primary role of governing boards is policy implementation. There were also significant differences concerning the role of governing boards serving primarily to keep the expenditure of public dollars as low as possible with participants from urban areas agreeing with this statement.
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Giles, Graham Blakemore. "The responsibilities of the governing body of the state-aided school / Graham Blakemore Giles." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10407.
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The declaration of state-aided schools has had a profound effect
on the educational management and legal status of such schools.
The state-aided school has assumed a juristic personality with
the governing body, as the representative of the state-aided
school, being vested with the management, control and executive
power of the school.
The consequence has been that the govern1ng body, while being
vested with greater powers, is also in a position of having to
assume the legal responsibility for those powers. The governing
body, therefore, in its management of the state-aided school, has
to work within the framework of the law, as set out in the
Education Affairs Act (House of Assembly) 70 of 1988, and
according to the Regulations made in terms of the Act No. 70 of
1988.
This study is directed at analysing the Act (70/1988) and the
Regulations in order to identify those sections of the law which
have a direct bearing on the responsibilities of the governing
body. Thereafter data from an empirical study as used to
determine if the governing bodies of secondary schools are aware
of their statutory responsibilities, if they understand those
responsibilities, and in the practical management of the school,
if they meet the requirements of the law.
A questionnaire based on the analysis of the Act (70/1988) and
the Regulation was compiled. Information received from the
principals of the sample schools, in their capacity as members
of the governing body, was used to tabulate the data, analyse the
results and draw certain conclusions.
The most important findings of the investigation are as follows:
* Governing bodies appear to have a reasonable knowledge
of how to handle certain limited, practical situations
in accordance with the applicable provisions of the
Act (70/1988) and the Regulations.
* Governing bodies adhere by-and-large to the
requirements regarding official and administrative
documentation.
* However, according to the assessment of Headmasters,
as executive members of the governing body, in the
case of a majority of governing bodies, their overall
knowledge, understanding and interpretation of the
provisions of the Act (70/1988) and the Regulations
made in terms of the Act,. as well as of related
legislation, seems to be lacking. This finding casts
a doubt on the ability of some governing bodies to
meet the statutory requirements of their management
task.
The conclusion was reached, that governing bodies in general will
have to make a concerted effort to study the statutory provisions
of the Act (70/1988) and the Regulations, as well as related
legislation, which have a specific bearing on their managerial
task in the state-aided school.Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1994
17
Regan, Anthony. "The involvement of governing bodies in the operative authority of state maintained secondary schools." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410059.
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ʿAlī, Sājid. "Governing education policy in a globalising world : the sphere of authority of the Pakistani State." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5800.
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This thesis explores the degree of independent action possible by national governments in deciding their education policies – in other words, what may be termed their sphere of authority (SoA) – in the context of globalisation; whereby Pakistan, perhaps more than many nation states, is subject to a variety of geopolitical and economic pressures. This issue is explored through a study of the recent education policy review process in Pakistan that resulted in a White Paper: ‘Education in Pakistan’ in 2007. In exploring the SoA of the government of Pakistan in deciding its education policy priorities, key areas of enquiry include the tensions between national and global interests and their attempted discursive management by the government of Pakistan. The research uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as its main methodological resource and looks at two kinds of textual data: interviews with key policy actors and selected policy texts. The methodology of CDA draws attention to the fact that texts are embedded within linguistic, discursive and structural contexts, and that these contexts provide resources that are mobilized by different actors. The textual data resources were analysed to see how language shapes the construction of the White Paper; what discourses are being drawn upon and contested in the articulation of the White Paper and thus what broad power structures shape the White Paper and illustrate the SoA of the government of Pakistan. The findings suggest that the policy review process as illustrated by the White Paper reveals various tensions caused by differences between global and national education policy interests. These tensions are visible in the style and genre of policy; the pursuit of global policy prescriptions; trends to privatization of provision; and disputes over the issue of language and about the ideological principles that should inform educational provision. The research suggests that inclusive and ‘soft’ governance discourse along with a process of consultation were used by the government in an attempt to manage these tensions. The expertise with which the government designed the consultation process and deployed discursive resources sought to establish and maintain its SoA.
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Chen, Zhiting. "Governing through the market : SASAC and the resurgence of central state-owned enterprises in China." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8381/.
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This thesis argues that the Chinese political economy is best understood as a hybrid form of governance in the context of a differentiated developmental state. This argument is developed through an analysis of China’s central state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and in particular the complex relationship between central SOEs and the ministerial institution created by the Chinese state to oversee them, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC). Central SOEs have experienced a significant rise and expansion under the SASAC’s leadership since 2003. However, the state’s role in the promotion of this institutionalisation process is rarely explored. This research starts with a theoretical investigation of the developmental state. It then explores principal-agent relations among the central SOEs, the SASAC and the market. After this, the research moves to an empirical analysis that provides a detailed examination of the SASAC, a competitive central SOE – the China National Building Material Group Corporation (CNBM) – and a monopolistic central SOE – the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC). Based on government policy papers, company annual reports, financial disclosures, and semi-structured interviews with more than 30 SASAC officials, SOE senior managers and government research staff, the conclusion reached is that the SASAC’s management of central SOEs follows a developmental state path, partially adopting market forces and market competition while rejecting neoliberal ideology. Ultimately, this research suggests that the Chinese central state’s practice of “governing through the market” is a strategy that benefits both the state and the central SOEs: the state can strengthen its principal’s control more effectively, whilst the enterprises can function as market actors to increase their competitiveness and profitability.
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Garcia, Maria E. "Governing Gambling in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/3.
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The role risk taking has played in American history has helped shape current legislation concerning gambling. This thesis attempts to explain the discrepancies in legislation regarding distinct forms of gambling. While casinos are heavily regulated by state and federal laws, most statutes dealing with lotteries strive to regulate the activities of other parties instead of those of the lottery institutions. Incidentally, lotteries are the only form of gambling completely managed by the government. It can be inferred that the United States government is more concerned with people exploiting gambling than with the actual practice of wagering.
In an effort to more fully understand the gambling debate, whether it should be allowed or banned, I examined different types of sources. Historical sources demonstrate how ingrained in American culture risk taking, the core of gambling, has been since the formation of this nation. Sources dealing with the economic implications of gambling were also studied. Additionally, sources dealings with the political and legal aspects of gambling were essential for this thesis. Legislature has tried to reconcile distinct problems associated with gambling, including corruption. For this reason sports gambling scandals and Mafia connections to gambling have also been examined.
The American government has created much needed legislature to address different concerns relating to gambling. It is apparent that statutes will continue to be passed to help regulate the gambling industry. A possible consideration is the legalization of sports wagering to better regulate that sector of the industry.
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Anwar, Anwar, and n/a. "The interplay between the 'political' and 'administrative' ways of governing in nation-states : the case of Bangladesh." University of Canberra. Management, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060605.122653.
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Gray, Ian P. "Carbon finance, tropical forests and the state : governing international climate risk in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73814.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-83).
This thesis examines how evolving norms of international climate change mitigation are translated into national forest governance policies and land management techniques in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The development of administrative mechanisms to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) become a cultural script through which the institutions of the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program "prepare" the post-colonial state to be a rational producer of avoided forest carbon emissions. The two actions-building the state and stabilizing a commodifiable carbon-occur unconsciously as a process Sheila Jasanoff calls "co-production," a dialectic in which efforts to change the natural order depend on unquestioned ideas about the social order, and visa versa. As this thesis shows, instrumental goals of making carbon governable in a country bearing the heavy legacy of Belgian colonialism and the scars of the largest regional war in recent African history, run a high risk of reproducing embedded inequities found at the local level. The impacts of global climate change are expected to have especially adverse affects on subsistence communities dependent on forest resources for their daily existence. If REDD architecture would live up to its stated goal of also improving livelihoods in the non-Annex I countries of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, it must engage in a more overtly "coproductionist" politics of carbon management. This means developing overt mechanisms that provide more continuous interactions between different epistemic communities in the domestic REDD countries (international experts, national administrators and local communities), linking local level institutions upward with higher scales of administration in setting the rules for carbon management, as well as strengthening community control of resources so that the decision to participate in the provisioning of global public goods can be made with more autonomy.
by Ian P. Gray.
M.C.P.
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Cho, Hoonhui. "The centrality of the state in the governing of higher education in South Korea : a critical discourse analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:073d8b0f-293f-44b5-9533-2863cdadaedb.
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This thesis takes the critical incident of the suicide of a part-time lecturer in South Korea in 2010 and the subsequent policy response as paradigmatic of the problems of governing higher education. In terms of theoretical resources, it draws on state theories, especially a cultural approach to the state, in order to understand the multiple relations and the interplay of different layers of governing practices in the governing of higher education in South Korea. This thesis argues that mainstream theories of the state are often culturally 'blind' and that the specificities of the Korean state need to be understood with reference to its particular culture, history and context. The thesis also draws on literature on higher education governance, from which three governing principles are identified as topics for investigation, along with a process-oriented approach to professionalism. The research question emerging from this is 'how does the centrality of the Korean state play out in the governing of higher education in South Korea?' Methodologically, the enquiry is shaped by critical discourse analysis (CDA). This approach explores the ways in which higher education governing discourses are related to other social elements. By analysing policy texts and institutional characteristics, the first phase of the enquiry explores how the governing discourses have been indigenised, constructing particular state-academy relations in South Korea. The second phase scrutinises the case of part-time lecturer policy in order to illuminate the distinctive governing dynamics, by which the centrality of the Korean state is assumed to be practised.
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Wisnu, Dinna. "Governing Social Security: economic crisis and reform in Indonesia, the Philippines and Singapore." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179867530.
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Heuer, Thaddeus Alan. "A study of the barriers to strategic planning faced by governing bodies in selected inner London state secondary schools." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1732/.
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The statutory responsibilities of governing bodies have increased greatly since the 1988 Education Reform Act, yet unresolved issues persist concerning how well governing bodies have adjusted to their new role. This thesis focuses on one such issue: the discrepancy between policy and practice regarding the statutory responsibility of governing bodies to 'provide a strategic view'. After reviewing the existing literature and presenting the research design (comprised of five qualitative case studies and a quantitative survey), this thesis poses three questions about the strategic planning processes of inner London state-maintained secondary school governing bodies: First, do governors in these schools perceive their role as strategic. Second, is there an evident absence of strategic planning within these governing bodies. And third, if there is such an absence, then why. The research begins by providing affirmative answers to the first two questions. Evidence demonstrates that it is possible to outline a definition of strategic planning based on governors' own beliefs, and that governors did not believe that this definition of strategic planning was being fulfilled in practice. In relation to the third question, this thesis argues that two sets of 'barriers' impede governing body strategic planning. The research explores these barriers in detail, identifying four main institutional-level barriers to governing body strategic planning (a 'monitoring culture', varying levels of governor involvement, an emphasis on 'tangible' tasks, and extensive delegation to staff) and six main central governmental-level barriers (time constraints, paperwork, legislation and regulation, the current financing system, communication, and trust). Finally, a fourth research question asks whether identifying these 'strategic planning barriers' has any practical policy relevance; 'business involvement in education' is selected as the policy lens through which to examine this proposition. Governors' opinions about business involvement in education are explored, and this research confirms that governors believed strategic planning on this issue was desirable yet absent. The thesis then illustrates that the heuristic application of these barriers provides a robust explanation for the absence of governing body strategic planning on business involvement issues, thereby illustrating the practical policy relevance of these barriers. The thesis concludes by outlining the contributions of this study, offering policy recommendations, and suggesting avenues for further research.
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Bernhoff, Arthur. "Strength in a weakened state : interpreting Hizb’allah's experiences as a social movement and governing coalition in Lebanon 1985-2013." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6729.
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This study investigates Hizb'allah's successful but competing dual development as an extra-institutional Shi'a social movement and an institutional political party. Hizb'allah has traditionally been studied from the perspective of one of its many natures, such as a social movement, Islamic movement, resistance, or political party, each perspective bringing with it limitations and differing interpretations of its identity, motivations, and success. The motivation behind this research was to seek an interpretation of the movement's development and success that would encompass these multiple natures. Through an interpretation of social movement ‘life-cycles', a social movement ‘development model' is proposed that accounts for contradicting theories on the ‘success' of social movements, interpreting success instead as an ability to exhibit simultaneous institutional and extra-institutional natures. The hypothesis provided in this work is that it is an ability to simultaneously exhibit institutional and extra-institutional natures that can be a source of strength and success for a movement, drawing capital from both while avoiding accountability that typically accompanies institutional politics. This challenges traditional theoretical approaches in terms of linear life-cycles with few paths for the social movement to choose from. In turn, questions arise regarding notions of social movement life-cycles being uni-directional, continuously progressing towards ‘institutionalization' or demise. Ideas of an ‘end-date' or ‘inevitable outcome' of social movements are also confronted. This interdisciplinary study is conducted by means of media, archival, and empirical research (participant observation, interviews, and surveys), focusing on changing constituent perceptions of the movement between 1985 and 2013. It is also argued that Hizb'allah's strength is its ability to draw from both extra-institutional and institutional resources while simultaneously avoiding accountability. However, it was also found that, by forming the 2011 governing coalition, the movement upset this balance by subjecting itself to accountability inherent in governance, in turn leading to ‘schizophrenic behaviour' as Hizb'allah sought to serve conflicting constituent and state interests. The significance of this research is that it not only provides an explanation for Hizb'allah's success, but also provides an interpretation of social movement development that accounts for multi-natured movements.
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Abello, Colak Alexandra L. "Security Provision and Governing Processes in Fragile Cities of the Global South: The case of Medellin 2002-2012." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14481.
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The incidence of violence and the configuration of areas of instability, which have accompanied rapid urbanisation processes in the global South, have led to a wide range of responses by state authorities at different levels. These responses include attempts to control, prevent and/or manage various forms of violence and crime. An emerging literature on urban security aims to improve our understanding of public security provision in volatile urban contexts in the global South. This literature has so far been dominated by policy-oriented and state-centric analyses, as well as by critiques of the way neoliberal governance is shaping responses to urban instability. These analytical approaches tend to ignore the political aspects and governmental consequences of security provision in fragile cities. This thesis argues that Foucault’s work on governmentality and ethnographic methodologies offer analytical and methodological tools that can help us address limitations in predominant analytical frameworks and contribute to fill gaps in the literature. The thesis develops an alternative critical approach to the study of urban security using those tools and employs it to investigate security provision in Medellin. This alternative approach focuses on the way security shapes governing processes in particular contexts and on their implications for those who are most vulnerable to urban fragility. Moreover, the thesis uses this innovative approach to investigate the security strategy implemented in Medellin since 2002, as part of what has come to be known as the ‘Medellin Model’. By exploring this particularly relevant case, this thesis highlights the significance of undertaking empirical explorations of the rationality of security strategies in different urban contexts and the importance of taking into account people´s differentiated experiences of security provision. Furthermore, this thesis argues that this alternative approach helps us understand the way power is exercised for particular purposes and on particular subjects in an attempt to deal with urban violence and insecurity. It also argues for the inclusion of these dimensions in contemporary studies of urban security in the global South.
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Qiu, W. "Governing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in China : towards the repositioning of the Central State and the empowerment of local communities." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/643546/.
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There are growing academic and policy debates on how best to govern MPAs, concerning the benefits and risks of different governance approaches and instruments. This echoes the broader debates on the roles of state hierarchies, markets, and community participation in governing societal affairs. This study investigates the roles of different actors involved in governing MPAs, and the strengths and weaknesses of MPA governance in China. The research questions are addressed through three detailed case studies. Despite some variations, the three case study MPAs show major similarities in governance structure. In all three cases, the attitudes of key actors towards biodiversity conservation and their influences on MPA decision-making can be characterised by: 1) an unenthusiastic state, which often adopts a non-interventionist strategy in MPA management and law enforcement, as long as the MPAs exist on paper; 2) corporatised local governments, which are keen to influence and dominate MPA decision-making and law enforcement to promote economic development; 3) a growing private sector, which can both strengthen or undermine MPA governance by forming alliances with government institutions; and 4) silent local communities, whose influence on MPA governance has been very limited. In addressing the key conflicts in governing MPAs in China, the use of economic instruments appears to be the most important steering mechanism. Both state steering and community participation are used less effectively. Overall, the imbalance of power in governing MPAs and the over-reliance on market-based approaches arguably leads to failures in protecting the interests of biodiversity and local communities. Restoring the balance of power in MPA governance in China may therefore mean repositioning the central state and empowering local communities, which will allow diversified and balanced use of different steering mechanisms. Returning to a balance of power will also provide for more effective and equitable governance outcomes.
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Ferry, Laurence. "A study of management accounting and control in governing the state : some lessons from a local government waste management service." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47373/.
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Political priorities are represented through accounting, which makes it fundamental to governing Whitehall and Town Hall relationships (Wildavsky 1964, 1975; Hopwood 1984; Hood 1995, 2010). Public sector research showed accounting has been colonising through coercive institutional processes that can lead to dysfunctional performance (Broadbent and Laughlin 1997). In contrast private sector accounting literature suggested both coercive and enabling bureaucracies (Adler and Borys 1996) can be formalised as management control systems (Ahrens and Chapman 2004) to balance efficiency and flexibility for better performance (Brown and Eisenhardt 1997). The research question looks to explain how coercive and enabling control can work in a specific Town Hall waste management service, and organisation changes occur between them to manage Whitehall strategic ambitions. A nested research design methodology was employed to undertake a historical study of archaeologies and genealogies of accounting for policies and strategies (Hopwood 1987; Foucault 1972, 1977), which were linked to a case study of sites and practices (Schatzki 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005; Ahrens and Chapman 2005, 2007). Methods included archival research, interviews and observation, with data triangulated to support claims. It was found that phases of archaeologies were layered representing policies, strategies and practices, but with related genealogies of change. The genealogies illustrate coercive control could be enabling in the public sector, but with changing contexts this can shift from being empowering to constraining and even dysfunctional to performance. In addition, coercive control could be enabling through system design, system features and implementation context, but changes to the strategic context rather than just the structural context have to occur for enabling control to take on more ensuring notions. Furthermore, the use of system features (Ahrens and Chapman 2004) and processes (Wouters and Wilderom (2008)) are important for coercive procedures to be enabling, but so were practices and the situated functionality of accounting for establishing order, setting and developing current and future agendas, and accomplishing priorities.
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Quinn, Katherine Elizabeth. "Governing national cultures in the Caribbean : culture and the state in Castro's Cuba and Burnham's Guyana, c.1959-c.1989." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418322.
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Abello, Colak Alexandra Lucia. "Security provision and governing processes in fragile cities of the global South : the case of Medellin, 2002-2012." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14481.
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The incidence of violence and the configuration of areas of instability, which have accompanied rapid urbanisation processes in the global South, have led to a wide range of responses by state authorities at different levels. These responses include attempts to control, prevent and/or manage various forms of violence and crime. An emerging literature on urban security aims to improve our understanding of public security provision in volatile urban contexts in the global South. This literature has so far been dominated by policy-oriented and state-centric analyses, as well as by critiques of the way neoliberal governance is shaping responses to urban instability. These analytical approaches tend to ignore the political aspects and governmental consequences of security provision in fragile cities. This thesis argues that Foucault’s work on governmentality and ethnographic methodologies offer analytical and methodological tools that can help us address limitations in predominant analytical frameworks and contribute to fill gaps in the literature. The thesis develops an alternative critical approach to the study of urban security using those tools and employs it to investigate security provision in Medellin. This alternative approach focuses on the way security shapes governing processes in particular contexts and on their implications for those who are most vulnerable to urban fragility. Moreover, the thesis uses this innovative approach to investigate the security strategy implemented in Medellin since 2002, as part of what has come to be known as the ‘Medellin Model’. By exploring this particularly relevant case, this thesis highlights the significance of undertaking empirical explorations of the rationality of security strategies in different urban contexts and the importance of taking into account people´s differentiated experiences of security provision. Furthermore, this thesis argues that this alternative approach helps us understand the way power is exercised for particular purposes and on particular subjects in an attempt to deal with urban violence and insecurity. It also argues for the inclusion of these dimensions in contemporary studies of urban security in the global South.
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Lauri, Marcus. "Narratives of governing : rationalization, responsibility and resistance in social work." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-119783.
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For many years, Sweden has had a reputation for having a comprehensive and women friendly welfare state. However, as in many other European countries during the past few decades, the organization and governing of welfare has undergone profound changes. Through interviews with social workers and the application of theories of governmentality, this thesis analyzes the expressions and consequences of such current organization and governing. One result is that the introduction of meticulous documentation practices of social workers contact with clients, regulate their interaction and constitute a control over both client and social worker. Another result is that the current organization fragments labor and awards more authority to managers, which functions to produce loyalty to the organization and management, rather than clients. This is expressed in demands not to voice protest, as it is said to create a bad mood. It is also expressed in demands to spend as little as possible on clients; short duration of treatment, preference for outpatient treatment and by making it difficult to receive financial support. This austerity is legitimized through the intermeshing of different ideals; budget awareness, evidence that supports short and outpatient treatment and that clients in order to change their course of life should to be allowed or coerced into taking individual responsibility. Another important finding is that the current governing and organization of social work produce distance and detachment, and thus discourage caring subjects. This is a complex process in which an assemblage of different techniques and rationalities undermines the cultivation of a relationship between social worker and client. 1) The ideal of evidence-based practice favors rigid methods over a flexible and holistic approach. 2) Ideals of rationality, closely connected to notions of masculinity and professionalism, value objectivity and devalue and deter the surfacing of emotions. 3) Meticulous practices of documentation reduce the amount of time available to meet clients. 4) Ideals and particular methods designed to promote individual responsibility in clients legitimize social workers distancing themselves from clients’ dependency and needs. 5) A division of labor, in either assessment or treatment, reduces time spent with clients for those who work with assessment and ultimately engage in the rationing of resources. 6) Standardized digital templates, installed to aid in assessments, regulate and proceduralize interactions with the client. 7) Austerity, heavy workloads, individualized responsibility and stress further accentuate distance, as detachment becomes a means to cope with arduous working conditions. The transformation of social work described above produces alienation and a fragmentation of social workers’ collective subjects. Simultaneously, an ethos of caring makes some social workers work extra hard to provide for clients, which ultimately covers for flaws in the system. Although such an ethos of caring allows for the further exploitation of social workers, it is also understood as a means of resistance, which in turn also forms the basis for organized resistance.Sverige har ett internationellt rykte för att ha en omfattande och kvinnovänlig välfärd. Även om riktigheten i en sådan uppfattning sedan länge ifrågasatts har på senare år, likt i många andra Europeiska länder, det svenska välfärdssystemet genomgått en omfattande förändring i avseende på dess räckvidd, men också dess organisering och styrning. Fokus för denna studie är just denna organisering och styrning, och mer specifikt, hur detta påverkar ett av välfärdens kanske mest centrala område: socialt arbete. Genom att intervjua socialarbetare undersöks i denna studie uttryck för och konsekvenser av en sådan förändring, bland annat genom att undersöka hur könsbundna föreställningar och förväntningar är sammanflätade med det sociala arbetets organisering och styrning. I studien konstateras att socialarbetare erfar att deras arbete genomgått omfattande förändringar, vilket kopplas ihop med både organiseringen och styrningen av det sociala arbetet. Detta uttrycks både i de ideal som kringgärdar arbetet men också i dominerande arbetssätt. En sådan förändring är införandet av omfattande dokumentationsprocedurer av socialarbetarens arbete och kontakt med klienter, vilket medför att kontakten med klienterna blir ytligare. Dokumentationsprocedurerna utgör också en sorts kontroll av både klienterna och socialarbetarna själva. En annan förändring som konstateras är att nya organisationsmodeller och en förändrad ledarskapskultur skapar förväntningar på socialarbetarna att vara lojala med organisationen och ledningen snarare än klienterna. Bland annat utrycks detta genom förväntningar att inte protestera och skapa dålig stämning på arbetsplatsen, men också genom uttalade krav att spendera så lite resurser som möjligt på klienterna; korta behandlingstider, öppenvårdsalternativ och orimligt hårda krav för att få ekonomiskt bistånd. Detta legitimeras genom sammanväxningen av flera olika ideal; budgetmedvetenhet, att klienter inte mår bra av långa institutionsvistelser, men också att klienterna ska tillåtas eller bör tvingas att klara att sig själva. Ett av studiens huvudresultat är att den nuvarande organiseringen och styrningen av socialt arbete skapar avstånd och likgiltighet. Genom flera sammankopplade ideal och arbetssätt styrs dagens socialarbetare till att bry sig mindre om de klienter de möter. På så sätt undermineras förutsättningarna för framväxten av en djup relation mellan socialarbetare och klient; 1) Idealet och kravet att socialarbetare ska arbeta utifrån evidens, det vill säga metoder och förhållningssätt som i speciellt utformade utvärderingsmodeller visat sig ha effekt, gör att väl strukturerade och rigida metoder ges företräde. Denna instrumentalisering underminerar ett flexibelt, relationsorienterat och helhetsfokuserat sätt att arbeta. Dessutom gör evidensidealets fokus på enskilda individer och avgränsade utvärderingstider att mer samhällsinriktat kritiskt och långsiktigt inriktat arbete undermineras. 2) Ett rationalitetsideal, tätt sammanbundet med föreställningar om professionalitet och maskulinitet, värderar objektivitet och förmågan att frikoppla socialarbetarens egna känslor från sitt arbete. Detta maskuliniserade professionsideal innebär att empati och solidaritet med klienten undergrävs. 3) Omfattande krav på olika former av dokumentation av det sociala arbetet gör att tiden som socialarbetaren har till sitt förfogande för att besöka och att ha möten med klienten blir knapp. 4) Ett allmänt samhällsideal kring individuellt ansvar och en särskild arbetsmetod (motiverande samtal) som många socialarbetare förväntas lära sig, framhäver klientens eget ansvar för och vilja till förändring. Detta legitimerar ett avståndstagande från klientens behov av hjälp och stöd enligt logiken ”du måste klara detta själv”. 5) En vanligt förekommande uppdelning av socialarbetarnas arbetsuppgifter i en så kallad beställar-utförarmodell gör att vissa socialsekreterare arbetar med hjälp och stöd, medan andra arbetar med bedömningar av klienters behov. De senare, som också har inflytande över resurstilldelning, blir med en sådan organisering av arbetet alltmer frikopplade från den stödjande och hjälpande verksamheten och kontakten med klienten. 6) Standardiserade digitala bedömningsinstrument, skapade för att på ett likvärdigt sätt bedöma klienters behov och dokumentera det sociala arbetet, reglerar och instrumentaliserar kontakten med klienter. 7) Tunga arbetsbördor, individualiserat ansvar och stress, bidrar ytterligare till att skapa avstånd och likgiltighet eftersom det för vissa utgör ett sätt att genomleva en ohållbar arbetssituation. En allmän åtstramning av socialtjänstens resurstilldelning förstås som en viktig orsak till behovet av att skapa ovan distansmekanismer. Men distansen hänger också ihop med en tendens till ett återupplivande av en tidigare dominerande förståelse av marginalisering och sociala problem; där människors nöd ses som ett utslag av dålig karaktär och ett resultat av dåliga individuella val. De förändringar av det sociala arbetets premisser som beskrivits ovan gör att socialarbetarna alltmer görs främmande inför sitt arbete – de alieneras. Detta främmandegörande uttrycks genom att inte kunna identifiera sig med arbetet självt, sina kollegor eller med sig själv. Ett sådant främmandegörande underminerar, eller fragmentiserar, både relationen till klienten, men också en känsla av gemenskap med andra socialarbetare. En gemenskap som kan utgöra ett ”vi” och ligga till grund för att ställa krav, protestera och göra motstånd mot avhumaniserande ideal och reformer. På så vis är främmandegörandet inte bara en konsekvens av dagens organisering och styrning, utan också något som fyller en viktig funktion för en sådan styrning och organisering, och genomförandet av en allmän åtstramning i socialpolitiken. Samtidigt som dagens organisering och styrning av socialt arbete är främmandegörande, slår vissa socialarbetare knut på sig själva och arbetar extra hårt för att täcka upp för systemets brister och krympande resurser, för att trots det svåra läget ändå försöka ge det stöd som de upplever att klienten behöver. Ett sådant historiskt förankrat femininiserat omsorgsideal, dvs känslor av ansvar och empati inför behövande och en ilska inför oförrätter, utgör därmed på samma gång grund för en fördjupad exploatering av socialarbetarna, och ett vardagligt motstånd mot rådande system. I ett läge när flera upplever att kollegialiteten som grund för motstånd på arbetsplatserna underminerats, utgör ett sådant omsorgsideal samtidigt också grunden för organiserat motstånd utanför arbetsplatsen, bortom chefernas insyn, kontroll och härskartekniker. Medan nuvarande styrningssystem underminerar ett visst sorts motstånd, uppstår samtidigt grunden för nya.
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Perry, Keston Kyle. "Governing technological change and the paradox of competitiveness : an analysis of state capacity in science, technology and innovation policies in Trinidad and Tobago." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26164/.
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This thesis investigates the evolution of state capacities in science, technology and innovation (ST&I) policies in a small developing country. It empirically examines the minutiae of interactions among various actors and agencies in this domain, with in-depth case analysis of Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) during 2002 and 2015. Data were collected from forty-eight interviews with university researchers, state officials, industry, and donors, in addition to archival and secondary documentation. Findings show an uneven distribution of ideas, information, knowledge inputs, technical capabilities, and organisational power. Detailed historical analysis reveals changing state-society configurations according to social, political and economic developments. I thus conceptualise these asymmetric and dynamic relations across organisational units as 'networks of power'. Compared to the early 1970s, the state, pressured by anti-colonial mobilisations, created new institutions and fostered developmental coalitions comprising state and private enterprises, high-skilled researchers and multilateral agencies to successfully promote technologies in agriculture, telecommunications, energy, and steel. Its ability to design and implement ST&I policies is currently constrained by informal relationships, ethnic considerations, powerful sectoral interests, a fragmented institutional apparatus, intense clientelism, and the formal requirements of multilateral bodies. Taking a long-term horizon to improve technological capabilities, allocate to productive firms, coordinate agents, and deploy appropriate fiscal instruments is thus stymied. This analysis reveals a paradox: after thirty years of market-friendly policies, why has the country not improved its overall technological performance? Consequently, it was found that both innovation systems and 'good governance' frameworks do not endogenise the interplay of domestic and international forces in the national political economy that give rise to structural, technical and socio-political (STP) imbalances. I propose a novel approach - the Developmental Governance Capability Framework (DCGF) - that incorporates these dimensions to help reformulate ST&I interventions aligned to broad-based developmental aims, and considers the complex political processes associated with effecting new developmental coalitions.
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Klomp, Peter John, and n/a. "Consistencies, inconsistencies and anomalies in Australian Federal, State and Territory legislation governing employer- employee relationships, in particular the employee-contractor distinction, with a proposed solution." University of Canberra. Law, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061129.123811.
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This thesis is concerned with the nature of employment-type relationships that currently
exist in Australia, with specific regard to the meaning of the terms 'employer,'
'employee,' and the 'employer-employee relationship', and the extent to which the
employee-independent contractor dichotomy is respected.
This thesis seeks to show how current legislation at federal, state and territory level is
largely inconsistent in defining key terms; to explain why this is problematic; and to
propose a workable solution.
An examination is made of the common law as it currently stands, followed by an
investigation of federal, state and territory revenue, superannuation, workers'
compensation and employment laws that govern or affect employer-employee and
principal-contractor relationships.
The thesis recognises that there currently exists no comprehensive solution to the
problems plaguing the employee-contractor dichotomy, and an all encompassing
solution is proposed. The solution presented moves away from the traditional common
law approach, rejects a statutory definitional approach, and instead adopts the principles
of the Torrens Title system to land ownership in Australia.
Following this proposed solution, alternate models and arguments are compared and
contrasted.
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Kim, Se Jin. "The Study of Public Administration in Korea: The Executive-Centered Approach to Public Administration and Its Legacy." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82842.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine if, and how, the executive-centered approach to public administration, which emphasized public administrators' unwavering loyalty to the president, intellectually shaped the founding and growth of Korean mainstream public administration in the 1962-1987 period. Specifically, this dissertation identifies the four normative tenets underlying the executive-centered approach and conducts comprehensive qualitative content analysis of mainstream scholars' journal articles and book chapters to investigate if, and how, such normative tenets framed the intellectual trajectory of Korean mainstream public administration in the 1962-1987 period.
The major findings of this dissertation indicate that: 1) Korean public administration was intellectually founded upon the four tenets of the executive-centered approach and such tenets became fully entrenched as unassailable normative beliefs in Korean mainstream public administration scholarship in the 1962-1987 period and 2) Korean mainstream public administration scholars' strong commitment to the executive-centered approach led them to uphold executive-centered governing order, in which the president exercised exclusive control of public administrators, and to champion the authoritarian developmental state, in which the authoritarian president pushed administrators into controlling civil society and market in line with his political and policy agenda, in the 1962-1987 period.
This dissertation also contends that in the post-1987 period, the advent of the new governing order of separation of powers created an intellectual dilemma for Korean public administration scholars because their blind adherence to the executive-centered approach, which stressed administrators' exclusive responsiveness to the president, came into essential tension with the new governing order of separation of powers, in which administrators were required to be simultaneously responsive to not only the president, but also the legislative and judicial branches.Ph. D.
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Leunis, Jelle. "The Road to Regulation of Private Military and Security Companies: An Analysis of the (Re-)Articulation of the Norms Governing the Legitimate Use of Force." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13740.
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Since the end of the Cold War, private military and security companies have gained a prominent place on the international battlefield. In an attempt to reduce monetary and political costs, states have not only outsourced some of the defense functions previously performed by uniformed personnel; they have also partly privatised the provision of security. Traditional accounts of the rise of private military and security companies have explained this evolution in terms of changing demand and supply of military force after the Cold War, in a neoliberal ideological environment. This rationalist account, however, overlooks the role of norms, which, as the constructivist research tradition has demonstrated, constrain state behaviour even in the domain of national security. From this constructivist point of view, the rise of private military and security companies is surprising given the existence of an anti-mercenary norm and a norm on the state monopoly on violence, both of which have precluded the private exercise of violence. How, then, should the rise of private military and security companies be understood in light of this hostile normative environment? Against a realist-constructivist background, this text draws upon models of norm change and epistemic communities to show that private military and security companies have used their pragmatic legitimacy and epistemic power to decisively shape the discursive construction of a new regulatory framework that legitimises the exercise of non-state violence.
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Desille, Amandine. "Governing or being governed? A scalar approach of the transformation of State power and authority through the case of immigration and integration policies of four frontier towns in Israel." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT5007/document.
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Les mutations des échelles de responsabilité, ainsi que le rôle de l'immigration dans la production physique mais aussi symbolique de la ville, sont analysés à travers le prisme des politiques locales d'immigration et d'intégration mises en œuvre dans les villes israéliennes d'Acre, Arad, Kiryat Gat et Kiryat Shmona. La politique volontariste d'accueil des immigrés juifs en Israël, datant des années 1950, est mise à l'épreuve de la décentralisation. En réalité, seule une partie des autorités locales mettent en place des politiques locales d'immigration et d'intégration. L'enquête montre que ces villes moyennes font souvent le choix de former de façon proactive une politique locale afin de « choisir » les immigrés qui s'y installent d'une part ; et de développer de nouveaux canaux d'accès à des ressources publiques d'autre part. Dans ce contexte, la mise en place d'une politique d'immigration dans la ville engendre une situation d'interdépendance entre des acteurs situées à des échelles de pouvoir différentes. Avec l'éclatement des responsabilités, les acteurs sont mis en concurrence pour obtenir les ressources publiques et privées dédiées à l'intégration des immigrés. L'immigration prend part à la fabrique du lieu. Via la mise en valeur de la contribution des anciennes vagues d'immigration, et le potentiel imaginé des futurs immigrés, l'immigration est envisagée comme un renouveau démographique, économique ou culturel. Conçue comme un levier, elle permet de redéfinir les échelles de développement de ces villes frontièresMutations of scales of power, as well as the role of immigration in the physical and symbolic production of the city, are analysed through immigrant integration policies in the cities of Acre, Arad, Kiryat Gat and Kiryat Shmona in Israel. Jewish immigration policies, as defined by the State of Israel from 1950s onwards, are challenged by decentralisation. However, only some local governments actively make local immigrant integration policies. The inquiry shows that these mid-sized cities proactively formulate a local policy in order to “choose” the immigrants that settle on the one hand; and to access new channels of public resources on the other hand.In that context, the implementation of an immigrant policy in the city leads to interdependence between actors located at various scales of power. With the fragmentation of responsibilities, actors compete to obtain the public and private resources for immigrant integration. Immigration is part of the making of place. Through the reintegration of former waves of immigration, and the imagined potential of future immigrants, immigration is foreseen as a demographic, economic or cultural renewal. It is a lever to redefine the development scales of those frontier towns.Keywords: Scales, governance, local governments, places, mid-sized cities, biographical method, immigration, integration policies, Israel
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Helanová, Soňa. "Reforma účetnictví státní správy a samosprávy, platná od 1.1.2010, v konkrétních podmínkách města Třebíče." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125006.
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The paper focuses on state accounting reform and its practical application in the Třebíč Municipality. First part of the paper relates to legal definition of the municipality and compilation of the municipality budget. Following part engages in reform of the public administration and self administration accounting firstly regarding to the legal aspects, and secondly regarding practical examples of the new accounting methods applied in municipalities. In addition, the paper covers comparison of the budget and the profit/loss statement.
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Melo, José Correa de. "Modos de governar e administrar : os conselhos políticos e administrativos de D. Pedro II a partir da seção de fazenda do conselho de estado (1842-1889)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185065.
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O presente trabalho realizou uma análise e classificação das consultas da Seção de Fazenda do Conselho de Estado, que funcionou no Brasil Império no período de 1842 a 1889, a partir dos modelos administrativos e de governo que influenciaram o funcionamento e organização da administração e do Conselho de Estado. Buscou-se no modelo corporativo do Antigo Regime português as primeiras fontes e raízes para o modelo polissinodal e de governo por conselhos. Posteriormente novos paradigmas e idéias político-administrativas entraram em linha de conta no modelo português, como foi o caso, no século XVIII, dos paradigmas relacionados ao chamado Estado de Polícia. Essas fases da formação do Estado Moderno e paradigmas de governo e administração influenciaram o modelo político adotado no Brasil independente e constitucional e vieram a conformar a atuação do Conselho de Estado no Segundo Reinado. A partir da análise da produção da Seção de Fazenda do Conselho de Estado é possível mapear continuidades e rupturas com modelos anteriores e a adoção de novos paradigmas de governo e administração e explicar o funcionamento do Conselho de Estado sob D. Pedro II.The present work carried out an analysis and classification of the consultations of the Finance Section of the Council of State, which operated in Empire of Brazil from 1842 to 1889, from the administrative and governmental models that influenced the functioning and organization of the administration and the Council of State. The first sources and roots for the polissynodal model and for government by councils were sought in the corporate model of the Old Portuguese Regime. Subsequently new paradigms and political-administrative ideas came into account in the Portuguese model, as was the case, in the eighteenth century, of paradigms related to the so-called Police State. These phases of the formation of the Modern State and paradigms of government and administration influenced the political model adopted in independent and constitutional Brazil and came to conform the performance of the Council of State in the Second Reign. From the analysis of the production of the Finance Section of the Council of State it is possible to map out continuities and ruptures with previous models and the adoption of new paradigms of government and administration and to explain the functioning of the Council of State under D. Pedro II.
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Menezes, Isabelle Pinto CamarÃo. "Uma proposta de avaliaÃÃo da execuÃÃo orÃamentÃria do estado do CearÃ: a eficÃcia do gasto pÃblico por secretaria de governo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14632.
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nÃo hÃConsiderando a importÃncia da eficÃcia na gestÃo do OrÃamento PÃblico, objetivou-se verificar o perfil da execuÃÃo orÃamentÃria nas diversas secretarias do governo do Estado do Cearà entre 2008 e 2011, com o intuito de subsidiar os gestores pÃblicos em seu processo de tomada de decisÃo. Dados dos sistemas corporativos da Controladoria e Ouvidoria Geral do Estado, compreendendo os valores autorizados em Lei OrÃamentÃria e empenhados, foram combinados a modelos economÃtricos com dados em painel e quatro diferentes tÃcnicas de estimaÃÃo, para investigar o que se definiu como eficÃcia da execuÃÃo orÃamentÃria de um ÃrgÃo de governo. Os resultados das estimaÃÃes permitem inferir com elevado grau de robustez que: i) a expertise do ÃrgÃo na gestÃo dos recursos determina positivamente a eficÃcia nos exercÃcios subsequentes; ii) o nÃmero de constataÃÃes de auditoria à um obstÃculo à eficÃcia na execuÃÃo dos recursos e iii) a participaÃÃo dos convÃnios nÃo contribui com a elevaÃÃo da eficÃcia na gestÃo dos recursos autorizados Ãs secretarias. Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem que a transferÃncia de tecnologia entre os ÃrgÃos de governo se mostra como a principal estratÃgia a ser seguida pelos gestores pÃblicos estaduais.
Considering the importance of effectiveness management of the public budget, aimed to verify the profile of budget execution in the various departments of the Cearà State Government between 2008 and 2011, in order to subsidize public managers in their decision making process. Data from enterprise systems of the General Comptroller and Ombudsman of Cearà State, including amounts authorized and committed in Budget Law, were combined a econometric models with panel data and four different estimation techniques to investigate what was defined as efficient of budget execution at an organ of government. The estimation results allow us to infer with a high degree of robustness: i) the expertise of the Board in the management of resources positively determines the efficient in subsequent years, ii) the number of audit findings is an obstacle to the efficient enforcement resources and iii) the covenants participation does not contribute to increase the efficient in the management of resources committed to the departments. Together, the results suggest that technology transfer between government bodies shown as the main strategy to be followed by state public managers.
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Bíla, Matyáš. "Účetní a daňové souvislosti hospodaření příspěvkových organizací na příkladu Divadla pod Palmovkou v Praze." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359727.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to point out the specifics of state-funded organizations, especially in the areas of budgets, accounting and financial statements and in taxes. The work ends with practical examples of these topics from the Pod Palmovkou Theater and my suggestions for improvement.
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Dušková, Martina. "Vykazování a účtování dlouhodobého majetku hl. města Prahy a MČ Praha 13." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142099.
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This thesis deals with the reform of state administration and self-government in the field of accounting with a particular focus on accounting for tangible fixed assets differentiating depreciation before reform and depreciation of tangible fixed assets under the new rules. Besides to the accounting the thesis is also focused on various characteristics, such as transfers, technical appreciation or depreciation adjournment and accounting solutions of these problems. Each issue is then supplemented by illustrative example. The whole issue is based on the accounting and reporting of the specific conditions of Prague 13 and Prague City Assembly.
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Macías, Gómez Luis Fernando. "El Medio Ambiente y la Naturaleza como Instrumentos del Arte de Gobernar. Una Contribución al Estudio de la Razón de Estado." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA055/document.
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Réfléchir à partir de la philosophie politique nous permet d’établir que la vision selon laquelle on conçoit actuellement l’environnement et la nature contribuent à modifier les conduites de la population afin de parvenir à une nouvelle façon de la gouverner. De même, les problèmes environnementaux et le changement climatique engendrent des risques pour la stabilité des États, rendant inévitable le renforcement de leur pouvoir, ce pourquoi ceux-ci invoquent la sécurité comme nécessité fondamentale pour leur conservation. On pourrait avancer que de la même manière que ce qui s’est produit au début de la modernité, lorsqu’on a découvert la nature et l’État comme entités objet d’étude avec leurs propres lois et rationalité, on repense actuellement la façon d’utiliser la nature et la problématique environnementale dérivée du changement climatique comme mécanisme de transformation des conduites et de renforcement de l’État, se manifestant maintenant dans l’idée de sécurité nationale. En procédant à une révision de la théorie de la raison d’État, de ses principaux théoriciens et des apports latino-américains à la sécurité nationale, on peut considérer qu’à partir du changement climatique et de la problématique environnementale elle permet de générer de nouvelles formes de gouverner afin de modifier les comportements de la population et par là même fortifier l’État. Ceci conduit à la nécessité de réfléchir à la nécessité de revoir les positions sur ce phénomène dans la mesure où cela peut entraîner des façons irrationnelles d’exercer le pouvoir. C’est-à-dire qu’il faut regarder la nature et l’environnement selon une perspective politique pour comprendre la portée de cette situation provenant de la manière dont on aborde actuellement la nature et l’environnementA reflection from the political philosophy would permit to propose that the vision as one conceive the currently the environment and the nature contribute to modify the behaviour of the population in order to achieve a new form of governance. Furthermore, the environmental problems and climate change create risks for the stability of the different states, making unavoidable the strengthening its power, when invoking its security as a necessity for its conservation.We could argue that, as it happened at the beginning of modern times, when the state and the nature were discovered as entities to study with their own laws and rationality. Currently, one is rethinking the way to use the nature and the environment’s question derivate from climate change as a mechanism to transform the behaviours and the strengthening of the state, manifested now in the idea of national security, Making a revision about the theory of national interest (raisón d’état) the main theorist and the Latin-American contribution to the national –security doctrine, one might considerate that due to climate change the environmental problem it allows to generate new forms to govern and modify the behaviours of the population whereas strengthening the state. This crates the necessity to wonder around the necessity to revise the proposals about the phenomenon, so that it could lead to irrational ways to exert the power. Thus, one shall see the nature and the environment with a political perspective in order to understand the reach from this situation derivate from the form as one address the nature and the environment nowadays
Una reflexión desde la filosofía política, permitiría plantear que la visión como se concibe actualmente el medio ambiente y la naturaleza contribuyen a modificar las conductas de la población con el fin de lograr una nueva forma de gobernarla. Así mismo, los problemas ambientales y el cambio climático generan riesgos para la estabilidad de los Estados, haciendo inevitable el reforzamiento de su poder, para lo cual invoca la seguridad como necesidad fundamental para su conservación.Se podría plantear que al igual como ocurrió al inicio de la modernidad, cuando se descubrió la naturaleza y el Estado como entidades objeto de estudio con sus propias leyes y racionalidad, en la actualidad se está repensando la forma de utilizar la naturaleza y la problemática ambiental derivada del cambio climático, como mecanismo de transformación de las conductas y de fortalecimiento del Estado, manifestado ahora en la idea de seguridad nacional. Realizando una revisión sobre la teoría de la razón de Estado, los principales teóricos y los aportes latinoamericanos en la seguridad nacional, se puede llevar a considerar que a raíz del cambio climático y la problemática ambiental permite generar nuevas formas de gobernar para modificar los comportamientos de la población y de paso fortalecer el Estado. Esto genera la necesidad de reflexionar en torno a la necesidad de revisar los planteamientos sobre este fenómeno por cuanto ello puede conllevar a formas irracionales de ejercer el poder. Es decir hay que mirar la naturaleza y el medio ambiente en una perspectiva política para comprender el alcance de esta situación derivada de la forma como se aborda la naturaleza y el medio ambiente en la actualidad
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Захаров, В. А., and V. A. Zakharov. "Развитие института детского самоуправления в муниципальном образовании: организационно-правовой анализ и социальные технологии : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/86569.
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Goal of research is to analyze the organizational and legal foundations of the development of the institute of children's self-government at the level of the municipality, determine the social technologies of its implementation and develop recommendations for the development of the institute of children's self-government for municipal authorities. In the course of research, the current state of the institution of children's self-government in Russia was analyzed; the main problems of the development of the institute of children's self-government are identified and the causes of these problems are established; recommendations were developed to overcome the identified problems in the development of the institute of children's self-government for municipal authorities.Цель работы − проанализировать организационные и правовые основы развития института детского самоуправления на уровне муниципального образования, определить социальные технологии его реализации и разработать рекомендации развития института детского самоуправления для органов муниципального управления. В процессе исследования проанализировано текущее состояние института детского самоуправления в России; выявлены основные проблемы развития института детского самоуправления и установлены причины этих проблем; разработаны рекомендации по преодолению выявленных проблем в развитии института детского самоуправления для органов муниципального управления.
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Bargeau, Adélaïde. "« Vous avez le droit à un avocat » : enquête sur la réforme et les pratiques de la garde à vue." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG044.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à un dispositif, particulièrement critiqué à la fin des années 2000 pour son usage exponentiel et pour son indigence en matière de droits : la garde à vue. Loin de la restreindre à sa codification juridique d’acte d’enquête, la garde à vue peut alors être appréhendée comme un instrument désormais privilégié de gestion de la police et de la politique en matière de petite et moyenne délinquance. Mais sous le coup des injonctions européennes, le gouvernement français est contraint de la réformer en avril 2011. Le mis en cause a désormais le droit d’être assisté d’un avocat pendant toute la durée de l’interrogatoire. Avec cette réforme, la garde à vue incarne une tension entre, d’une part, l’intensification de la répression de certaines populations et d’autre part, la reconnaissance de droits nouveaux qui leur sont accordés. À partir d’une enquête mêlant études de débat, ethnographie et questionnaire, l’objet de cette thèse est d’interroger la mise en œuvre et les effets de cette réforme paradoxale sur l’institution policière. La réforme de la garde à vue ne peut pas être appréhendée comme une simple modalité d’action publique. Elle constitue un moment critique de transformation des modalités de relations de l’État aux administrés, complexifiées par l’introduction des avocats en interrogatoire. Les effets de la présence de l’avocat varient, selon les usages qui sont faits de la garde à vue (d’une mesure de contention à un acte d’enquête), liés à la position des agents et des services dans la hiérarchie des prestiges policiers, et selon les propriétés sociales des gardés à vue, des policiers, et des avocats. La rencontre des uns et des autres peut prendre la forme d’une configuration d’alliance, de conflit, de concurrence, selon les différentes variables étudiées. Par l’étude de ces configurations d’interrogatoires, situées et incarnées, nous montrons qu’à chaque type de population est attaché un usage spécifique de la garde à vue. Ainsi, l’entrée par la garde à vue permet plus largement de voir la justice et la gestion des illégalismes par l’État en train de se faireThis PhD investigates an apparatus that attracted considerable criticism in the late 2000s for being overused and failing to ensure enough rights: garde à vue, which roughly translates as police custody. Far from being only an investigative act, as its legal definition goes, garde à vue increasingly operates as a key instrument for the police and political management of petty crime. To meet the EU’s demands, however, the French government was forced to reform the system in April 2011. Suspects now have the right to receive a lawyer’s assistance during their entire interrogation. The reform of garde à vue reflects a tension between the intensifying repression of specific populations and the recognition of new rights granted to them. Drawing on the study of debates, ethnographic material and a questionnaire, this research examines the implementation and the effects of this paradoxical reform on the police institution.The reform of garde à vue cannot be approached simply as a public policy shift. Beyond that, it constitutes a key juncture in the transformations of the relationships between the State and citizens resulting from the introduction of lawyers during the interrogations. Effects of the lawyer’s presence vary according to the uses of garde à vue (from a measure of restraint to an investigative act), which relate to the position of agents and departments in the hierarchy of police prestige, and the social properties of suspects, members of the police and lawyers. The interactions between these protagonists may be characterized by configurations of alliance, conflict or competition depending on the above variables. Through the situated, embodied analysis of these configurations of interrogation, I show that a distinct use of garde à vue corresponds to each type of population. The focus on police custody ultimately yields broader insights into justice and the State’s management of illegalisms in the making
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AlRamadan, Abdullah. "Insights into the Physical and Chemical Effects Governing Auto-ignition and Heat Release in Internal Combustion Engines." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/665512.
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Extensive analysis of the physical and chemical effects controlling the operation of combustion modes driven by auto-ignition is presented in this thesis. Specifically, the study integrates knowledge attained by analyzing the effects of fuel molecular structure on auto-ignition, quantity or quality of charge dilution, and in-cylinder temperature and pressure on burning characteristics in single and multiple injection strategies employed in compression ignition (CI), partially premixed combustion (PPC) and homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines.
In the first section of the thesis, a multiple injection strategy aimed to produce heat at a constant pressure, commonly known as isobaric combustion, has been studied. Then, to eliminate the complexity of spray-to-spray interactions observed with isobaric combustion, the second section of the thesis is focused on compression ignition (CI) through single injection. In the final section, the presentation will move towards moderate conditions with high dilution, in which combustion becomes dominated by chemical kinetics. At these conditions, there is emerging evidence that certain fuels exhibit unusual heat release characteristics where fuel releases heat in three distinctive stages.
Overall, the thesis discusses factors controlling the auto-ignition for CI, PPC and HCCI engines that can provide valuable insights to improve their operation. Isobaric combustion in CI engine involves large interactions between physical and chemical effects. Injection of spray jets into oxygen-deprived regions catalyzes the mechanism for soot production – urging to employ either multiple injectors, low reactivity fuel or an additional expansion stage. Fuels – regardless of their auto-ignition tendency – share the same combustion characteristics in the high load CI, where auto-ignition is controlled by only the injector’s physical specifications. Such observation is a showcase of the fuel flexible engines that has the potential of using sustainable fuels – without being restrained by the auto-ignition properties of the fuel. The thesis provides evidence from experiment and simulation that three-stage auto-ignition is indeed a phenomenon driven by chemical kinetics. Three-stage auto-ignition opens the perspective to overcome the limitation of the high-pressure rise rates associated with HCCI engine.
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Chen, Hui-Jung, and 陳惠榕. "A Study on Governing Laws for Implementing Port State Control in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43369949889716338568.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
95
For the purpose of safeguarding national sovereignty, protecting navigation safety, eliminating sub-standard ships, and preventing marine pollution, port state control has been adopted worldwide. Although Taiwan is not a member state of Tokyo Memorandum of Understanding, Taiwan government shall still endeavor its efforts in the implementation of those regulations provided either by its national law or by IMO Conventions. It is therefore necessary to explore relevant problems concerning the implementation of port state control in Taiwan, including the enactment of relevant laws, the competent authorities, and performance of implementing control measures. This thesis discusses the suitability of Taiwan laws, including Commercial Harbor Law, Ship Law, Seafarer Law. It also analyzes the compatibility of Taiwan laws with those IMO Conventions： whether or not they are consistent. In order to evaluate the performance of implementing port state control in Taiwan, this thesis also discusses how Taiwan authority adopts those IMO Conventions without contradicting its national laws. This thesis adopts literature review method to explore the above issues. It collects a variety of laws, journal articles, reports, and materials in order to find critical problems and provide useful suggestions for solutions.
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Tsotetsi, Stephen Morena. "The training of school governing bodies in the Free State Province: an education management perspective." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2305.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the training of school governing bodies in the Free State Province from an education management point of view. Since 1994 the South African government has adopted a number of policy documents aimed at democratizing education in the country. The transformation of education in the new South African context encompasses the idea of partnership in which participants - such as parents, educators, learners (in secondary schools) play an active role in taking decisions on behalf of the school.
The State alone cannot control schools, but has to share its power with other stakeholders. However, this can only happen if participants in school governance are trained to have power and the capacity to decide on matters affecting their schools. Hence, training is the cornerstone of affirming governors in the execution of their roles and responsibilities. Since school governing bodies are composed of a cross section of people with different ideologies, expectations and levels of education - training is necessary to prepare then for co-operative governance. Without adequate and on-going in-service training, it is unlikely that school governing body members can make informed decisions.
The empirical method, namely qualitative research, was successful in obtaining information from participants about the training offered to them. It also established how participants felt and thought about their experiences and perceptions about the training they received, whether it built capacity or not. A number of recommendations were made with regard to the research findings for stakeholders to note.Educational Studies
D. Ed. (Comparative Education)
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Choi, Seung Chol. "Two characteristics of state policy in governing the U.S. telecommunications industry : policy uncertainty and power delegation /." 2000. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Li, Jen-chun, and 李人郡. "The Study on Legal Systems about the Supervision of The Local Self-Governing Bodies by The State." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5c8mbc.
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碩士國立中山大學
中國與亞太區域研究所
103
The supervision of the local self-governing bodies by the state is mainly out of local self-government. This is because the idea of local self-government in local self-governing bodies is originated from the self-consciousness of local self-governing bodies, which deal with the affairs within their self-governing area and realize self-responsible spirit. Nevertheless, although local self-governing bodies can deal with the affairs within their self-governing area according to their self-consciousness, they are after all not independent of the state. Since a state has to maintain overall unification of law and order, and ensure its governance up to a standard, it has to implement supervision of local self-governing bodies, with the aim to make the acts of local self-governing bodies pursue self-realization in stable steps under two prerequisites: no violation against the entire legal system of the state and ensuring of greatest well-being for people. However, while the central government is implementing supervisory measures of local self-governing bodies, the self-governing room for local self-governing bodies to conduct self-realization must be compressed. If the self-governing area of local self-governing bodies is excessively intervened, there is a fear that local self-governing system merely turns out to be a slogan. If local self-governing bodies disagree with any illegal acts of the central government or its supervision of local self-government, the central government should allow local self-governing bodies to file an administrative remedy procedure against these acts in order to relieve the infringed local self-government. This paper attempts to take a research approach following the five major frameworks of Administration Law, namely administrative basic principles, administrative organization, limit of administrative rights, administrative relief and administrative surveillance. Based on these 5 aspects, the paper analyzes the laws concerning the supervision of the local self-governing bodies by the state, and then points out where the problems are, and gives suggestions for improvements. It is hoped that the studies of this research paper can make the whole legal system more sound and perfect.