Journal articles: 'Governi emergenza'

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Nightingale, Andrea J. "The socioenvironmental state: Political authority, subjects, and transformative socionatural change in an uncertain world." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 1, no. 4 (December 2018): 688–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848618816467.

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The ‘socioenvironmental state’ conceptualisation probes how contested, shifting, emergent boundaries of the state contain the possibilities for transformative change in the Anthropocene. The paper outlines a research programme capable of addressing the questions: who becomes authorised to govern change, who is required to make changes on the ground, and what subjectivities and pathways emerge in the context of rapid rate change? The conceptualisation unpacks three boundaries: state–society, its socionatural emergence, and the relationships between boundary-making and belonging to address these questions and better account for the successes and failures of attempts at governing an uncertain, rapidly changing world. In this analysis, ‘environmental change’ arises as a stochastic, relational becoming – ecologies and resources are emergent with the social-politics of governing them – suggesting that more analytical attention is required on how ‘environmental challenges’ and their ‘drivers of change’ are conceived and delimited. Together, these theoretical insights help reveal the way that the micro-politics of local resource use and the contradictory acceptance and refusals of authority and subjection are not only products of, but also productive of, larger scale political economies, socionatures, governance, and political struggles. The aim is to contribute towards a re-imagination of political authority that begins to capture the complex interplay between our attempts at governing a changing world and the inadvertent authorisations, inclusions, and exclusions that we produce in those efforts. The paper partially illustrates the conceptual ideas with an account of forestry and climate change in Nepal. In a context wherein programmes to govern resources have become of global concern, probing the implications of these points is crucial. It is not only that states govern resources with particular consequences for ‘environmental change’ or ‘sustainability’, but also that the act of governing resources (re)produces the socioenvironmental boundaries of the state with profound implications for how future transformations can unfold.

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DILLON, MICHAEL. "Governing Terror: The State of Emergency of Biopolitical Emergence." International Political Sociology 1, no. 1 (February 12, 2007): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2007.00002.x.

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Adey, Peter, Ben Anderson, and Stephen Graham. "Introduction: Governing Emergencies: Beyond Exceptionality." Theory, Culture & Society 32, no. 2 (January 27, 2015): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276414565719.

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What characterizes emergency today is the proliferation of the term. Any event or situation supposedly has the potential to become an emergency. Emergencies may happen anywhere and at any time. They are not contained within one functional sector or one domain of life. The substantive focus of the articles collected in this special issue reflects this proliferation: they explore ways of governing in, by and through emergencies across different types of emergencies and different domains of life. In response to this proliferation, the issue opens up critical work on the politics of emergency beyond the ‘state of exception’ as dominant paradigm. Emergency is treated as a problem for government that calls for the invention of new techniques or the redeployment of existing techniques. Through this shift in emphasis, the articles in this issue disclose relations between modalities of power and emergency life that differ from the ‘lightening flash’ of a sovereign decision on the exception taken from outside of life, or the capacity to ‘mould’ an always-already emergent life from within life.

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Alves, Mário Aquino, and Marcelo Marchesini da Costa. "The collaboration between governments and civil society organizations in response to emergency situations." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 4 (August 2020): 923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200168x.

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Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 é um exemplo de grande emergência que desafia a administração pública ocasionalmente. A despeito da variedade de eventos dessa natureza, recai sobre o governo, majoritariamente, a responsabilidade pelas ações emergenciais nesses momentos. Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSCs) podem, no entanto, contribuir para uma resposta rápida e adequada a tais ocorrências. Neste artigo, são discutidas as características das OSCs que as habilitam a contribuir para as medidas de emergência adotadas pelos governos. Analisa-se também a possibilidade de ampliação dos arranjos colaborativos entre governos e OSCs.

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Manetti, Michela. "Il governo Monti tra emergenze vere o presunte." DEMOCRAZIA E DIRITTO, no. 1 (October 2012): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ded2012-001004.

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Nazarov, Azizbek. "History Of The Emergence And Development Of Scientific Societies In The Governor-General Of Turkestan." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue10-13.

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Documents providing information on the results of scientific research conducted by scientific societies in Central Asia and adjacent regions are stored in the National Archives of Uzbekistan. Documents from the archives were purposefully used to disclose the content of the article. This article is devoted to the study of the history of scientific societies operating in the Turkestan region in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries and their scientific research in the country. The article provides information on the emergence and activities of scientific societies in the Governor-General of Turkestan, the results of the efforts of active members to study the country, using archival sources.

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Rutkow, Lainie, Jon S. Vernick, Maxim Gakh, Jennifer Siegel, Carol B. Thompson, and Daniel J. Barnett. "The Public Health Workforce and Willingness to Respond to Emergencies: A 50-State Analysis of Potentially Influential Laws." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 42, no. 1 (2014): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12119.

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Law plays a critical role in all stages of a public health emergency, including planning, response, and recovery. Public health emergencies introduce health concerns at the population level through, for example, the emergence of a novel infectious disease. In the United States, at the federal, state, and local levels, laws provide an infrastructure for public health emergency preparedness and response efforts: they grant the government the ability to officially declare an emergency, authorize responders to act, and facilitate interjurisdictional coordination. Law is perhaps most visible during an emergency when the president or a state's governor issues a disaster declaration establishing the temporal and geographic parameters for the response and making financial and other resources available. This legal authority has increasingly been used during the last decade.

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Clark, James S., C. Lane Scher, and Margaret Swift. "The emergent interactions that govern biodiversity change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 29 (July 6, 2020): 17074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003852117.

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Observational studies have not yet shown that environmental variables can explain pervasive nonlinear patterns of species abundance, because those patterns could result from (indirect) interactions with other species (e.g., competition), and models only estimate direct responses. The experiments that could extract these indirect effects at regional to continental scales are not feasible. Here, a biophysical approach quantifies environment– species interactions (ESI) that govern community change from field data. Just as species interactions depend on population abundances, so too do the effects of environment, as when drought is amplified by competition. By embedding dynamic ESI within framework that admits data gathered on different scales, we quantify responses that are induced indirectly through other species, including probabilistic uncertainty in parameters, model specification, and data. Simulation demonstrates that ESI are needed for accurate interpretation. Analysis demonstrates how nonlinear responses arise even when their direct responses to environment are linear. Applications to experimental lakes and the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) yield contrasting estimates of ESI. In closed lakes, interactions involving phytoplankton and their zooplankton grazers play a large role. By contrast, ESI are weak in BBS, as expected where year-to-year movement degrades the link between local population growth and species interactions. In both cases, nonlinear responses to environmental gradients are induced by interactions between species. Stability analysis indicates stability in the closed-system lakes and instability in BBS. The probabilistic framework has direct application to conservation planning that must weigh risk assessments for entire habitats and communities against competing interests.

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Calomiris, Charles W., Douglas Holtz-Eakin, R. Glenn Hubbard, Allan H. Meltzer, and Hal S. Scott. "Establishing credible rules for Fed emergency lending." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 9, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-01-2017-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose reforms that would establish a credible framework of rules to constrain and guide emergency lending by the Federal Reserve and by fiscal authorities during a future financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a set of five overarching rules, informed by history, empirical evidence and theory, which would serve as the foundation on which detailed legislation should be constructed. Findings The authors find that the current framework governing emergency lending – including reforms to Federal Reserve lending enacted after the recent crisis – is inadequate and not credible, and that their proposed framework would constitute a credible balancing of costs and benefits. Practical implications Adequate assistance to financial institutions would be provided in systemic crises but would be limited in its form, and by the process that would govern its provision. Originality/value This framework would serve as a basis for establishing effective rules that would be credible, and that would properly balance the moral-hazard costs of emergency lending against the gains from avoiding systemic collapse of the financial system.

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Furlan, Marta. "State Weakness, al-Qa'ida, and Rebel Governance: Yemen from the Arab Spring until 2022." Middle East Journal 76, no. 1 (May 15, 2022): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/76.1.11.

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As the Arab Spring arrived in Yemen, al-Qa'ida joined the insurgency, conquered territories, and governed them. Eleven years later, I aim to assess whether the conditions that led to the group's emergence as both insurgent and governor have changed. I argue that, while al-Qa'ida is weaker, Yemen remains deeply vulnerable with a government in exile, an ongoing civil war, and armed groups in control of extensive territory. In this context, a resurgence of al-Qa'ida cannot be excluded.

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Rippa, Alexandra L., Elena V. Alpeeva, Andrey V. Vasiliev, and Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak. "Alveologenesis: What Governs Secondary Septa Formation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 12107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212107.

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The simplification of alveoli leads to various lung pathologies such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema. Deep insight into the process of emergence of the secondary septa during development and regeneration after pneumonectomy, and into the contribution of the drivers of alveologenesis and neo-alveolarization is required in an efficient search for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we describe the formation of the gas exchange units of the lung as a multifactorial process, which includes changes in the actomyosin cytoskeleton of alveocytes and myofibroblasts, elastogenesis, retinoic acid signaling, and the contribution of alveolar mesenchymal cells in secondary septation. Knowledge of the mechanistic context of alveologenesis remains incomplete. The characterization of the mechanisms that govern the emergence and depletion of αSMA will allow for an understanding of how the niche of fibroblasts is changing. Taking into account the intense studies that have been performed on the pool of lung mesenchymal cells, we present data on the typing of interstitial fibroblasts and their role in the formation and maintenance of alveoli. On the whole, when identifying cell subpopulations in lung mesenchyme, one has to consider the developmental context, the changing cellular functions, and the lability of gene signatures.

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Simone, AbdouMaliq. "Emergency Democracy and the “Governing Composite”." Social Text 26, no. 2 (2008): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-2007-027.

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Liu, Qiang, Ming He, Daqin Xu, Ning Ding, and Yong Wang. "A Mechanism for Recognizing and Suppressing the Emergent Behavior of UAV Swarm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (September 13, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6734923.

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Similar to social animals in nature, UAV swarm is also a complex system that can produce emergent behavior. The emergent behavior of UAV swarm in specific airspace is undoubtedly the act that the defense side does not expect to see; therefore, recognition and suppression of the emergent behavior of UAVs swarm are needed. Based on the analysis of the UAV swarm emergent behavior mechanism, by adoptingf-divergence method, UAV swarm emergent behavior was quantified, and a rapid recognition mechanism of emergent behavior has been established, thus, making preparation for the suppression of the emergent behavior. In the academic circle, for the first time, in accordance with heuristic rules governing the algorithms of UAV swarm suppression, principle of emergent behavior suppression has been proposed, failure judgment model of UAV swarm control under interference conditions has been constructed, the stability of UAV swarm has been analyzed, and the combat command process of UAV swarm based on OODA loop has been put forward. Through the simulation, the comparison of information entropy andf-divergence based emergence measurement method has been made, andf-divergence based method has some advantages for measuring the emergence of UAV swarm. From the analysis and discussion of the inhibitory effect on swarm flocking behavior under different interference intensity and timing, conclusion has been drawn that comprehensive suppression on the premise of correct recognition of flocking behavior is the best strategy fighting against UAV swarm emergent behavior.

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Courpasson, David. "Managerial Strategies of Domination. Power in Soft Bureaucracies." Organization Studies 21, no. 1 (January 2000): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840600211001.

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This paper discusses the emergence and reinforcement of organizational political regimes based on domination and centralization in French organizations. Domination and power are old concepts in organizational sociology, but the confrontation of two well-known approaches to politics in organizations, that of Weber and that of Crozier, suggests that an `archaic' notion such as domination is still very useful for understanding how business leaders `govern' organizations today. Based on empirical studies, the paper proposes that organizations should be seen as `soft bureaucracies', in which centralization and entrepreneurial forms of governance are combined. Thus, choosing a Weberian point of view, this paper simultaneously describes organizations as `structures of domination' and as `structures of legitimacy'. It defends the idea that, in spite of the success of the network form utopia, the re-emergence of bureaucracies is a sign that organizations are more and more politically centralized and governed.

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Clark, Nathan, and Kristoffer Albris. "In the Interest(s) of Many: Governing Data in Crises." Politics and Governance 8, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3110.

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The use of digital technologies, social media platforms, and (big) data analytics is reshaping crisis management in the 21st century. In turn, the sharing, collecting, and monitoring of personal and potentially sensitive data during crises has become a central matter of interest and concern which governments, emergency management and humanitarian professionals, and researchers are increasingly addressing. This article asks if these rapidly advancing challenges can be governed in the same ways that data is governed in periods of normalcy. By applying a political realist perspective, we argue that governing data in crises is challenged by state interests and by the complexity of other actors with interests of their own. The article focuses on three key issues: 1) vital interests of the data subject vis-à-vis the right to privacy; 2) the possibilities and limits of an international or global policy on data protection vis-à-vis the interests of states; and 3) the complexity of actors involved in the protection of data. In doing so, we highlight a number of recent cases in which the problems of governing data in crises have become visible.

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Schmickl, Thomas. "Strong Emergence Arising from Weak Emergence." Complexity 2022 (November 25, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9956885.

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Predictions of emergent phenomena, appearing on the macroscopic layer of a complex system, can fail if they are made by a microscopic model. This study demonstrates and analyses this claim on a well-known complex system, Conway’s Game of Life. Straightforward macroscopic mean-field models are easily capable of predicting such emergent properties after they have been fitted to simulation data in an after-the-fact way. Thus, these predictions are macro-to-macro only. However, a micro-to-macro model significantly fails to predict correctly, as does the obvious mesoscopic modeling approach. This suggests that some macroscopic system properties in a complex dynamic system should be interpreted as examples of phenomena (properties) arising from “strong emergence,” due to the lack of ability to build a consistent micro-to-macro model, that could explain these phenomena in a before-the-fact way. The root cause for this inability to predict this in a micro-to-macro way is identified as the pattern formation process, a phenomenon that is usually classified as being of “weak emergence.” Ultimately, this suggests that it may be in principle impossible to discriminate between such distinct categories of “weak” and “strong” emergence, as phenomena of both types can be part of the very same feedback loop that mainly governs the system’s dynamics.

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Gibelli, Gioia, and Riccardo Santolini. "Reti ecologiche e governo del territorio." TERRITORIO, no. 58 (September 2011): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2011-058009.

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Alla luce delle emergenze climatiche ed economiche, che spingono a riempire di contenuti concreti i concetti di sostenibilitŕ all'interno degli strumenti di pianificazione, si č attivata una profonda riflessione che ha portato a considerare la biodiversitŕ come un obiettivo da perseguire in quanto dimensione primaria dei sistemi naturali ma con funzione prioritaria di conservare un capitale naturale di qualitŕ, il cui ruolo č quello di garantire la durabilitŕ dei processi e la conservazione delle risorse per le generazioni future e di erogare una serie di servizi ecosistemici alle generazioni presenti. Il progetto di rete ecologica ligure (Rel) rappresenta, allo stato attuale delle conoscenze, i luoghi dove il capitale naturale č allocato. I Ptcp di nuova generazione vedranno le province impegnate nella ridefinizione dello scenario strategico di valorizzazione e conservazione del capitale naturale e nell'acquisizione e eventuale maggiore definizione delle cause di vulnerabilitŕ del sistema paesistico-ambientale.

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Yilmaz, Levent. "An Agent Simulation Study on Conflict, Community Climate and Innovation in Open Source Communities." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 1, no. 4 (October 2009): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jossp.2009100101.

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More than ever the complexity of innovation requires group efforts, as teams of scientists and engineers from diverse backgrounds work together to solve problems. One of the significant problems in understanding emergence of innovation involves how virtual innovation organizations and communities govern and coordinate to maximize innovation output. An agent simulation study is conducted to examine the impact of culture and conflict management styles on collective creativity in open source innovation systems. Findings suggest that decentralized coordination schemes such as emergent selection such as found in utility communities and moderate degrees of assertiveness and cooperation for conflict management result in higher incidence of innovation.

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McCormack, Derek. "Governing Inflation: Price and Atmospheres of Emergency." Theory, Culture & Society 32, no. 2 (January 29, 2015): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276414565716.

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Relative price stability is central to the security of valued forms of life in contemporary liberal democracies, and disruptions to price stability can be and have been understood and experienced as emergencies. However, while the relation between price and emergency can be understood in juridico–political terms, this article argues for the importance of attending to the affective dimensions of this relation. This argument is developed through a discussion of the affective life of price in relation to the disruptive event of inflation, an event characterized by an atmosphere of emergency that takes place as a disturbance of the rhythms and relations of which everyday life consists. Haunted by the spectre of this emergency, governing price in liberal democracies needs to be understood not only through regulatory measures designed to act directly upon price, but also in terms of efforts to act upon the affective spacetimes from which price-emergencies can emerge.

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Yu, Jianxing. "Confronting and Governing the Public Health Emergency." Journal of Chinese Governance 5, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1744260.

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Burkholder, Taylor W., Harveen B. Bergquist, and Lee A. Wallis. "Governing access to emergency care in Africa." African Journal of Emergency Medicine 10 (2020): S2—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2020.07.003.

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Timellini, Caterina. "I rapporti di lavoro." RIVISTA ITALIANA DI DIRITTO DEL TURISMO, no. 30 (September 2020): 468–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dt2020-030027.

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Lo scritto analizza le misure di emergenza introdotte dal Governo a sostegno del lavoro, quali gli speciali ammortizzatori sociali e la sospensione dei licenziamenti, soffermandosi sull'interpretazione e sui limiti di esse.

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Tang, Xuri. "How metaphoremes emerge." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 19, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 80–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00077.tan.

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Abstract According to the dynamic view of metaphor, the complexities of metaphorical expressions are emergent products of language use. However, this view lacks an explicit mechanism to account for the process. This paper puts forward a model named single-scope integration network with entrenchment (SINE), and uses if-then rules in the model to explain the temporal order and regularities that the metaphoremes of a metaphor should follow in their emergence. The validity of the model is tested in the case studies of Chinese verb metaphors, which reveal four if-then rules that govern the metaphoreme emergence of Chinese verb metaphors. These if-then rules are obtained via the analysis of the occurrence order of metaphoremes by performing DepCluster, a machine learning tool for collostruction generation, over a large-scale diachronic corpus. The case studies demonstrate that the proposed model is applicable to Chinese verb metaphors.

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Lima, Thiago, Iale Pereira, and Olympio Barbanti. "O AGROGOLPE E A POLÍTICA EXTERNA: desmantelo da diplomacia do combate à fome e fortalecimento do agronegócio." OKARA: Geografia em debate 12, no. 2 (August 12, 2018): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.1982-3878.2018v12n2.41322.

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No início do século XXI, a diplomacia brasileira se tornou uma das principais vozes nos debates internacionais sobre desenvolvimento social da agricultura familiar e sobre o combate à fome. Desde 2016, porém, a coalizão que assumiu o governo vem revertendo os fundamentos daquele projeto em prol de uma inserção subalterna do Brasil nas Relações Internacionais, como mera potência do agronegócio. Este artigo analisa os reflexos do agrogolpe promovido por Michel Temer e seus associados no âmbito da política externa. Conclui-se que a agenda agroalimentar construída nos governos anteriores foi severamente esvaziada e que atores vinculados à agricultura familiar foram alijados do processo de formulação de política externa. Este retrocesso evidencia a supressão do projeto de inserção do Brasil como potência emergente agroalimentar no centro das Relações Internacionais.

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Panopoulos, A. D., L. Zhang, J. W. Snow, D. M. Jones, A. M. Smith, K. C. El Kasmi, F. Liu, et al. "STAT3 governs distinct pathways in emergency granulopoiesis and mature neutrophils." Blood 108, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 3682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-02-003012.

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Badaró Mattos, Marcelo. "Governo Bolsonaro: Neofascismo e autocracia burguesa no Brasil." Relações Internacionais, no. 73 (March 2022): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23906/ri2022.73a03.

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The article presents a discussion on the conditions of the emergence of “bolsonarism” in the recent Brazilian historical process. From the debates on European fascism in the first half of the 20th century and on neo-fascism today, as well as the analyzes on “bourgeois autocracy”, formulated by the sociologist Florestan Fernandes, an analytical framework to approach Bolsonaro, the movement around him and his government is presented.

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ROBERTS, Stephen L. "Big Data, Algorithmic Governmentality and the Regulation of Pandemic Risk." European Journal of Risk Regulation 10, no. 1 (March 2019): 94–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2019.6.

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This article investigates the rise of algorithmic disease surveillance systems as novel technologies of risk analysis utilised to regulate pandemic outbreaks in an era of big data. Critically, the article demonstrates how intensified efforts towards harnessing big data and the application of algorithmic processing techniques to enhance the real-time surveillance and regulation infectious disease outbreaks significantly transform practices of global infectious disease surveillance; observed through the advent of novel risk rationalities which underpin the deployment of intensifying algorithmic practices to increasingly colonise and patrol emergent topographies of data in order to identify and govern the emergence of exceptional pathogenic risks. Conceptually, this article asserts further howthe rise of these novel risk regulating technologies within a context of big data transforms the government and forecasting of epidemics and pandemics: illustrated by the rise of emergent algorithmic governmentalties of risk within contemporary contexts of big data, disease surveillance and the regulation of pandemic.

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ETZKOWITZ, HENRY, and CHUNYAN ZHOU. "Hélice Tríplice: inovação e empreendedorismo universidade-indústria-governo." Estudos Avançados 31, no. 90 (May 2017): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-40142017.3190003.

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RESUMO A Hélice Tríplice tornou-se um modelo reconhecido internacionalmente, que está no âmago da disciplina emergente de estudos de inovação, e um guia de políticas e práticas nos âmbitos local, regional, nacional e multinacional. As interações universidade-indústria-governo, que formam uma “hélice tríplice” de inovação e empreendedorismo, são a chave para o crescimento econômico e o desenvolvimento social baseados no conhecimento. O artigo apresenta a origem do modelo, seu conceito, dinâmica, fontes e rotas alternativas.

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Manandhar, Kishor, and Sujita Manandhar. "Does the male gender govern conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy?" Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v6i1.27071.

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Introductions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) occasionally demands conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) because of multiple risk factors. This study was conducted to find out whether male gender is a stand-alone risk factors for conversion of LC to OC. Methods: This was a comparative analysis of conversion of LC to OC in patients operated for symptomatic cholelithiasis during June 2017 to May 2018 at Bir hospital, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal. The patients were divided into two groups: male (group 1) and female (group 2). Study variables included gender, America Society of Anesthesiologist class, history of upper abdominal pain within six weeks prior to surgery, upper abdominal surgery, emergency department visit due to upper abdominal pain, adhesion of gallbladder to adjacent structure and body mass index. Binominal logistic regression analysis of risk factors for conversion was conducted. Odds ratio (95% CI) was calculated. The p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 151 patients (male 39, female 112), 7 (4.6%, male 3 and female 4) had conversion from LC to OC. Male gender itself as an isolated risk factor had no significant association to conversion (p=0.303). There was no significant difference found for age, operating time and hospital stay. Previous emergency visit (p=0.020) and adhesion (p<0.030) were associated with conversion. Conclusions: Male gender had no significant association for conversion of LC to open. Previous emergency visit due to upper abdominal pain and adhesion of gallbladder were associated risk factors for conversion.

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Stegen, James C., Regis Ferriere, and Brian J. Enquist. "Evolving ecological networks and the emergence of biodiversity patterns across temperature gradients." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1731 (September 21, 2011): 1051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1733.

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In ectothermic organisms, it is hypothesized that metabolic rates mediate influences of temperature on the ecological and evolutionary processes governing biodiversity. However, it is unclear how and to what extent the influence of temperature on metabolism scales up to shape large-scale diversity patterns. In order to clarify the roles of temperature and metabolism, new theory is needed. Here, we establish such theory and model eco-evolutionary dynamics of trophic networks along a broad temperature gradient. In the model temperature can influence, via metabolism, resource supply, consumers' vital rates and mutation rate. Mutation causes heritable variation in consumer body size, which diversifies and governs consumer function in the ecological network. The model predicts diversity to increase with temperature if resource supply is temperature-dependent, whereas temperature-dependent consumer vital rates cause diversity to decrease with increasing temperature. When combining both thermal dependencies, a unimodal temperature–diversity pattern evolves, which is reinforced by temperature-dependent mutation rate. Studying coexistence criteria for two consumers showed that these outcomes are owing to temperature effects on mutual invasibility and facilitation. Our theory shows how and why metabolism can influence diversity, generates predictions useful for understanding biodiversity gradients and represents an extendable framework that could include factors such as colonization history and niche conservatism.

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Ramadan, Noha, and Nabeel Al-Qirim. "New Hybrid Web 2.0 Adoption Governance Framework for Public Sector." International Journal of e-Collaboration 11, no. 1 (January 2015): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015010102.

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Enterprise Information Technology (IT) has proven its effectiveness in supporting business sustainability and growth. The emergence of Web 2.0 and its recent proliferation in public-sector organizations (Enterprise 2.0) has helped in fulfilling key organizational goals and objectives. It is shown in this research that Web 2.0 could assist organizations improve business processes and increase employee's productivity, communications, and information sharing. However, the pervasive use of Web 2.0 raised the need to govern such amalgamation of IT infrastructure and necessitated an investigation into Web 2.0 adoption decisions in organizations. This entails developing a governing IT (ITG) framework for Web 2.0 adoption decision taking into consideration important aspects like accountability, implementation factors, organizational policies, procedures, guidelines, and prior organizational ITG framework. Contributions and implications arising from this framework are discussed in this research, paving the way for further research in this important area.

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Kenen, Joanne. "Emergency Physician–Turned-Governor Overhauls Oregon's Health Care." Annals of Emergency Medicine 58, no. 1 (July 2011): A13—A14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.04.034.

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Iserson, Kenneth V. "Hospital governing boards." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 4, no. 3 (May 1986): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90084-7.

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Elson, R. E. "Sugar Factory Workers and the Emergence of ‘Free Labour’ in Nineteenth-Century Java." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 1 (February 1986): 139–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00013615.

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The Cultivation System, introduced by the Dutch in Java in 1830, was grounded on peasant coercion. Capitalizing on the colonial government's ability to force peasants to produce large, cheap and regular quantities of tropical agricultural goods and to labour unrelentingly at a great variety of other tasks, the System succeeded in its aim of transforming Java from a financial millstone around Holland's neck into a highly profitable resource. Coercion, in the eyes of the Cultivation System's founder and guiding light, Governor-General Johannes van den Bosch (1830–33), was the most appropriate and effective means of creating wealth from Java's peasant masses. The power of incentive alone, he argued, had failed in the recent past to spur the Javanese to greater productive activity because the peasant had not reached the required stage of social development. ‘Never forget’, he remarked in 1830, ‘that the javan has progressed no further in intellectual terms than our children of 12 or 13 years old, and possesses even much less knowledge than they do. They must be led and governed as children…’. Van den Bosch's branch of coercion, however, was not a blunt instrument. It was based upon the time-worn notion of domesticating the indigenous elite and employing its customary authority over the peasantry to achieve Dutch ends. Under the overall direction of the colonial authorities and their officials, then, peasants were to be ‘led and governed’ by their own leaders, for whom, Van den Bosch claimed, they possessed a ‘childlike respect’.

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Cox, Daniel L., and David Pines. "Complex Adaptive Matter: Emergent Phenomena in Materials." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 6 (June 2005): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.118.

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AbstractIn the study of matter, both living and inanimate, the breakthrough discoveries and most scientists' intellectual obsessions often flow from what we call emergent behavior: phenomena not readily predictable from a detailed knowledge of the material subunits alone. We call systems that display emergent behavior complex adaptive matter, and their relevant organizing principles are unique to their scales of length and time. This issue of MRS Bulletin provides an overview of the aggregate of research on complex adaptive matter through a survey of five examples, ranging from intrinsically disordered electron matter in high-temperature superconductors to protein aggregates in amyloid diseases like Alzheimer's. We explain the philosophy and motivation for this research, noting that the study of emergent phenomena complements a globally reductionist scientific approach by seeking to identify, with intellectual precision, the relevant organizing principles governing the behavior. Our authors focus on the character of emergence for their particular systems, the role of materials research approaches to the problems, and the efforts to identify the organizing principles at work.

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Simon, Stephanie, and Marieke de Goede. "Cybersecurity, Bureaucratic Vitalism and European Emergency." Theory, Culture & Society 32, no. 2 (January 14, 2015): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276414560415.

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Securing the internet has arguably become paradigmatic for modern security practice, not only because modern life is considered to be impossible or valueless if disconnected, but also because emergent cyber-relations and their complex interconnections are refashioning traditional security logics. This paper analyses European modes of governing geared toward securing vital, emergent cyber-systems in the face of the interconnected emergency. It develops the concept of ‘bureaucratic vitalism’ to get at the tension between the hierarchical organization and reductive knowledge frames of security apparatuses on the one hand, and the increasing desire for building ‘resilient’, dispersed, and flexible security assemblages on the other. The bureaucratic/vital juxtaposition seeks to capture the way in which cybersecurity governance takes emergent, complex systems as object and model without fully replicating this ideal in practice. Thus, we are concerned with the question of what happens when security apparatuses appropriate and translate vitalist concepts into practice. Our case renders visible the banal bureaucratic manoeuvres that seek to operate upon security emergencies by fostering connectivities, producing agencies, and staging exercises.

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Flores, Kimberly. "Desrosiers v. Governor of Massachusetts and the Legality of Governor Baker’s COVID-19 Emergency Orders." American Journal of Law & Medicine 46, no. 4 (November 2020): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858820975535.

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Ormerod, Emma, and Simin Davoudi. "Governing the pandemic: democracy at the time of emergency." Town Planning Review: Volume 92, Issue 3 92, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2020.90.

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Franda, Marcus. "Governing the Internet: The Emergence of an International Regime." Info - The journal of policy, regulation and strategy for telecommunications 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/146366902760105121.

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Arnaboldi, Michela, Giovanni Azzone, and Yulia Sidorova. "Governing social media: the emergence of hybridised boundary objects." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 821–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-07-2015-2132.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the processes whereby organisational actors can seize the opportunities opened up through social media, and the way in which the relative information is managed. This allows these actors to move their occupational boundaries, exploiting the information for performance measurement purposes. The investigation was carried out within an organisational setting, where most occupational dynamics take place. The focus was on the role of artefacts within these occupational dynamics and the analysis drew upon the notion of boundary objects. Design/methodology/approach The research was based on case studies involving two organisations that make use of social media within and across several departments. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with social media managers, department managers, analysts and financial controllers and senior executives. The results of the qualitative analysis of the interviews were completed with secondary sources of information, company reports, communications, public policies, codes of conduct and social media platform analyses. Findings This paper has implications for accounting studies, showing how marketing and communications managers entering the field of performance management can take the lead in social media management by collecting information from social media, constructing indicators and gaining ground in several decision-making centres. The findings highlight the role of new artefacts and organisational roles, whose purpose is to build a digital community. This process involves crossing the boundaries between internal functions and the inside and outside environment, with a driving phenomenon becoming visible: hybridisation. Faced with this change, reluctant accountants with a traditional mindset are more likely to observe the process at a distance, focusing more on their routine operations based on conventional data. Originality/value This paper shows that information derived from social media is already a reality that has gained significance through the construction of boundary objects. The paper highlights a driving phenomenon that is emerging in the surge to occupy the organisational terrain for controlling social media: that of hybridisation. The concept of hybridisation is not new in management accounting studies, but in this study can be applied to carrying out a joint analysis on both the boundary objects and their organisational trajectory. In the context of social media accounting, hybridisation is of central importance if both actors and objects are to be effectively positioned at its boundary.

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Anderson, Ben, and Peter Adey. "Governing events and life: ‘Emergency’ in UK Civil Contingencies." Political Geography 31, no. 1 (January 2012): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.09.002.

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Bielikova, K. H., and S. P. Poteriaiko. "INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR GOVERNING BODIES’ INTERACTION IN AN EMERGENCY." "Public management and administration in Ukraine", no. 17 (2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/2663-5240-2020-17-5.

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Wen, Bo, Shui-Yan Tang, and Lei Tao. "How Governance Shapes Emergency Management: China’s Mixed Records in Responding to COVID-19." Chinese Public Administration Review 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v11i2.235.

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A nation’s governing system shapes its capacity for emergency preparedness and management. Designed to maintain the central government’s absolute authority, China’s governing system limits local governments’ initiative and capacity in responding to mass emergencies. By examining China’s fight against COVID-19, this essay dynamically demonstrates how the country’s governing regime constrains local officials’ initial response to the virus but facilitated large-scale mobilization once the crisis was recognized by the central leadership. Three essential factors for an adaptive emergency management system are identified: 1) raising the central government’s ability to recognize mass emergencies, 2) changing political incentives of local cadres, and 3) creating a flexible and efficient ad-hoc resource allocation mechanism. This study provides insights on how to enhance the resilience of a mass emergency management system within the constraints of existing governing institutions.

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Adamo, Ugo, and Silvio Gambino. "Emergenze e ordinamento costituzionale italiano." Revista de Direitos e Garantias Fundamentais 21, no. 3 (December 8, 2020): 141–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18759/rdgf.v21i3.1825.

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A contribuição propõe uma análise crítica das consequências que podem ser determinadas no ordenamento jurídico constitucional sobre a ocorrência de emergências que requeiram a adoção de medidas cabíveis para enfrentá-las. Nessa perspectiva, o estudo leva em consideração as emergências terroristas e de saúde. Assim, avalia as diferenças e semelhanças nestes contextos, devido às inúmeras consequências que as decisões adotadas produzem no equilíbrio entre as liberdades individuais e os interesses coletivos, sobre o sistema de fontes, e a forma de Estado e de governo. O sistema constitucional se mantém se for concreto e se a democracia for madura. Com a ocorrência dessas condições, é possível limitar os direitos em equilíbrio com os demais direitos, respeitando-se o que é reconhecido pelo mesmo sistema constitutivo. Isso pode ser visto nos desenvolvimentos jurídicos ocorridos em alguns países europeus, como a Polônia e a Hungria, que exploram a crise pandêmica para questionar o Estado de Direito.

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Baker, G. Blaine. "The Juvenile Advocate Society, 1821‑1826: Self-Proclaimed Schoolroom for Upper Canada’s Governing Class." Historical Papers 20, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 74–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030933ar.

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Abstract The emergence of professions in Upper Canada has yet to be the subject of detailed examination or in-depth comparative analysis. Work so far has tended to be biograph- ical, institutional or functional in orientation. Thus the emergence of a professional consciousness in the colony is even less well-researched than the whole context of professionalization. A preliminary reconstruction of the self-image of members of the Bar, and their perceptions of such concepts as privilege, destiny and responsibility, is attempted through an examination of the early records of the Juvenile Advocate Society. This organization of law students was active in York (Toronto) roughly between 1821 and 1826. Since legal culture - the rhetoric, concepts and self-perceptions of members of the professional community - both reflects and generates social order, the debates of this society offer a suggestive entrée to an emergent professional consciousness. The Juvenile Advocate Society offered a unique opportunity for senior members of the Bar to inculcate the values which underlay the colony's legal system to its members. Its participants included senior barristers of varied political persuasions, like William Warren Baldwin and Henry John Boulton. The organization was the first of several ambitious attempts to socialize law students, part of an attempt to replicate and expand their highly valued provincial aristocracy. As an informal schoolroom for the colony's self-proclaimed elite, the Juvenile Advocate Society aped the structures as well as the values of the provincial adminis- tration. Topics for discussion and the rules of procedure underlined the society's role in teaching law students "proper" values. These extended beyond the traditional realm of politics to include the relationship of culture to the constitution, of private and public spheres of activity, and secular social structures to sacredly ordained order. Whether this training was a passport to authority, status and gentility is uncertain, but the efforts to ensure the continuance of this group of ideas in new generations suggest that members of the elite thought it worth the attempt.

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Davies, Anna R., Vanesa Castán Broto, and Stephan Hügel. "Editorial: Is There a New Climate Politics?" Politics and Governance 9, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i2.4341.

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Addressing climate change globally requires significant transformations of production and consumption systems. The language around climate action has shifted tangibly over the last five years to reflect this. Indeed, thousands of local governments, national governments, universities and scientists have declared a climate emergency. Some commentators argue that the emergency framing conveys a new and more appropriate level of urgency needed to respond to climate challenges; to create a social tipping point in the fight against climate change. Others are concerned to move on from such emergency rhetoric to urgent action. Beyond emergency declarations, new spaces of, and places for, engagement with climate change are emerging. The public square, the exhibition hall, the law courts, and the investors’ forum are just some of the arenas where climate change politics are now being negotiated. Emergent governing mechanisms are being utilised, from citizens’ assemblies to ecocide lawsuits. New social movements from Extinction Rebellion to Fridays For Future demonstrate heightened concern and willingness to undertake civil disobedience and protest against climate inaction. Yet questions remain which are addressed in this thematic issue: Are these discourses and spaces of engagement manifestations of a radical new climate politics? And if these are new climate politics, do they mark a shift of gear in current discourses with the potential to effect transformative climate action and support a just transition to a decarbonised world?

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Oliveira, Francisco de. "O Momento Lênin." Novos Estudos - CEBRAP, no. 75 (July 2006): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-33002006000200003.

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Este artigo retoma o processo que culminou na chegada do Partido dos Trabalhadores ao governo federal. Em síntese, descreve como os primeiros anos da administração petista, calcada no continuísmo em relação ao governo anterior, relacionam-se a um contexto mais amplo marcado por bases classistas em decomposição, populismo emergente, predominância do capital financeiro, estatização dos partidos e da política e privatização da economia e da vida.

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Edwards, Gareth A. S., and Harriet Bulkeley. "Urban political ecologies of housing and climate change: The ‘Coolest Block’ Contest in Philadelphia." Urban Studies 54, no. 5 (July 19, 2016): 1126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015617907.

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Urban authorities and a range of private and civil society actors have come to view housing as a key arena in which to address climate change whilst also pursuing wider social, economic and environmental objectives. Housing has been a critical area for urban studies, but often considered in sectoral terms and work on urban responses to climate change has followed this positioning. By contrast, an Urban Political Ecology (UPE) perspective would position housing in more integrated terms as part of the metabolism of the city. Yet so far there has been relatively little written in UPE about either housing or climate change. This paper therefore seeks to bring UPE into dialogue with the emergent literature focused on governing climate change through housing. It does so through a detailed study of the ‘Retrofit Philly “Coolest Block” Contest’. We argue that this contest highlights the ways climate change is changing the way housing is embedded in the circulations of the city, pointing to changes in who is governing housing, how housing is being governed and who is able to access the benefits of (climate change-branded) action on housing.

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Malanski, Daniel. "A reviravolta estética do Brasil: de nação emergente a pária internacional." Significação: Revista de Cultura Audiovisual 49, no. 57 (February 4, 2022): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-7114.sig.2022.188910.

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Ao longo das últimas décadas, o Brasil havia construído a imagem de uma nação emergente e progressista que passava, pouco a pouco, a exercer papel de liderança dentro do cenário político internacional. Neste artigo, efetuamos uma análise de conteúdo das cerimônias dos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio – realizadas em 2012 e em 2016 – revelando suas referências fragmentárias e mitos políticos. Em seguida, as comparamos com o posicionamento do atual governo com relação ao ambientalismo, ao multiculturalismo e à tolerância social. Desta maneira, ficou evidente que as representações do Brasil e dos brasileiros, expostas internacionalmente durante o governo Rousseff através das cerimônias olímpicas, diferem profundamente da imagem que o governo Bolsonaro buscou dar ao país a partir dos últimos anos da década de 2010. Apesar dos esforços de consecutivas administrações – sobretudo após a redemocratização, na década de 1980 – para transmitir a imagem de um Brasil emergente e progressista, crises políticas, a recessão econômica e, sobretudo, a vitória de um regime reacionário e antiambientalista nas eleições de 2018 colocaram em xeque tal narrativa nacional romantizada, revelando – internacionalmente e domesticamente – um país de contrastes, em que campos opostos competem pela nação como espaço sociopolítico e objeto simbólico.

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Stuart, Margaret. "Being professional in New Zealand early childhood education: A genealogy." Policy Futures in Education 18, no. 5 (September 23, 2019): 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210319875577.

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An academic, Peter Dinniss, discussed the then emerging issue of professionalism in the early childhood education sector in 1974. “There has been much debate over the term ['professional'] together with discussion as to whether teaching is a profession” (1974: 11). On the cusp of the 21st century, the Education Council (now renamed Teaching Council) of New Zealand consulted with teachers on their register about a professional code. This article follows the emergence of the professionalism discourse. I examine traces of the ‘strategies, tactics and procedures’ in a genealogy of the managerial technicist process of education. My interest lies in emergent ‘responsibilization’ of teachers over the period. I examine the power/knowledge of the ‘profession’ in Aotearoa, New Zealand, as teachers invent and govern themselves. I ask if the Council’s discourse of professionalism through registration of individuals can be re-envisioned through the collective and democratic practices evident in parent-led services.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Governi emergenza'

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