Dissertations / Theses: 'Goveda'

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Dragan, Antić. "Antimikrobni tretman kože goveda u cilju unapređenja mikrobiološke bezbednosti goveđeg mesa." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20110623ANTIC.

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U radu je ispitan i razvijen novi pristup tretmanu kože goveda prirodnom smolom šelak, koja je dozvoljena za korišćenje u hrani, u cilju redukcije unakrsne mikrobiološke kontaminacije sa kože na goveđe meso. Mehanizam ovog tretmana je baziran na imobilizaciji mikroorganizama na dlaci tretirane kože i prevenciji njihovog fizičkog prenosa sa dlake na meso trupova tokom procesa obrade zaklanih goveda.U in vitro uslovima, tretman uzoraka vizuelno čiste i suve kože 23% rastvorom šelaka u etanolu je redukovao prenos sa kože na sunđere kojima je koža uzorkovana brisevima: ukupne mikroflore (TVC) za 6,6 log (>1000 puta više u odnosu na 2,9 log redukcije kod tretmana samo etanolom), generičke Escherichia coli za najmanje 2,9 i Enterobacteriaceae za najmanje 4,8 log. Ove redukcije sve tri grupe mikroorganizama su bile značajno više u odnosu na redukcije postignute tretmanom kože kombinacijom ispiranja sanitajzerom i vakumiranja. Značajno više redukcije prenosa TVC sa kože na sunđerske briseve su postignute korišćenjem viših koncentracija šelaka (23% i 30%) u odnosu na niže (4,8-16,7%) i u slučajevima kada je temperatura rastvora šelaka bila 20, 30 ili 40oC u odnosu na 50oC i 60oC. Takođe, tretman kože šelakom je značajno (3,7 puta) redukovao prevalencu E. coli O157 na prirodno kontaminiranoj, neinokulisanoj koži, kao i broj E. coli O157 na veštački inokulisanim kožama (redukcija od 2,1 log), u odnosu na odgovarajuće netretirane kontrole.U uslovima laboratorijskog modela direktnog kontakta kože i mesa, tretman kože (različitih kategorija čistoće) 23% rastvorom šelaka je značajno smanjio prenos mikroorganizama sa tretirane kože na sterilno goveđe meso: do 3,6 log cfu/cm2 redukcije ukupnog broja bakterija (TVC), do 2,5 log cfu/cm2 Enterobacteriaceae (EC) i do 1,7 log cfu/cm2 generičke E. coli (GEC). Redukcija prenosa TVC je bila značajno viša, a redukcije EC i GEC slične, u odnosu na redukcije nakon tretiranja kože kombinacijom ispiranja-vakumiranja sanitajzerom.U uslovima male komercijalne klanice sa nezadovoljavajućom procesnom praksom (klanje prljavih goveda i neadekvatna higijena procesa klanja i obrade), tretman koža zaklanih goveda 23% rastvorom šelaka je rezultirao značajnom mikrobnom redukcijom na mesu trupova goveda nakon skidanja kože: 1,7 log cfu/cm2 TVC, 1,4 log cfu/cm2 EC i 1,3 log cfu/cm2 GEC. Redukcija TVC na mesu trupova je bila značajno viša, a redukcije EC i GEC slične, u odnosu na redukcije nakon tretiranja kože ispiranjem-vakumiranjem sanitajzerom.Ova istraživanja su po prvi put pružila naučne dokaze da se tretman kože goveda u cilju imobilizacije mikroflore na dlaci može uspešno koristiti u cilju smanjenja kontaminacije mesa trupova tokom procesa skidanja kože, unapređenja finalnog mikrobiološkog statusa mesa i bezbednosti goveđeg mesa uopšte. Da bi se ostvario puni potencijal ovog novog tretmana u praksi, neophodna su dalja istraživanja u cilju njegove tehničke optimizacije u uslovima industrije mesa.
In this research, a new approach to cattle hide treatments, based on using a natural, food-grade resin, Shellac, to reduce microbial cross-contamination from the hides onto carcass meat, was developed and evaluated. The basis of this treatment is immobilisation of microorganisms on cattle hide’s hair and subsequent reduction of their transmissibility from the hair onto carcass meat during dressing of slaughtered cattle. Under in vitro conditions, treatment of samples of visually clean and dry hides with 23% Shellac-in-ethanol solution reduced sponge-swabbing recoveries of general microflora (TVC) by a factor of 6.6 logs (>1000-fold greater than the 2.9 log reduction observed by ethanol alone), and of generic E. coli (GEC) and Enterobacteriaceae (EC) by factors of at least 2.9 and 4.8 logs, respectively. The reductions of these three groups of microorganisms were superior to those achieved by a sanitizer rinse-vacuum hide treatment. Significantly greater reductions of TVC recoveries from hides were achieved when using higher Shellac concentrations (23.0% and 30.0% rather than 4.8-16.7%) and when Shellac solution temperatures were 20-40°C rather than 50-60°C. Furthermore, the Shellac-based treatment also markedly reduced the E. coli O157 prevalence (3.7-fold reduction) on natural, uninoculated hides, as well as the counts of E. coli O157 on artificially inoculated hides (2.1 log reduction) when compared to corresponding untreated controls. Under the conditions of a hide-to-meat direct contact laboratory-based model, treatment of hides (of varying visual cleanliness) with the 23% Shellac solution produced significant reductions of microbial transfer from treated hide onto sterile beef: up to 3.6 log10 CFU/cm2 of TVC, up to 2.5 log10 CFU/cm2 of EC and up to 1.7 log10 CFU/cm2 of GEC. TVC reductions of microbial transfer from treated hide onto beef achieved by the Shellac hide treatment were superior to those achieved by the comparative sanitizer rinse-vacuum hide treatment, but reductions of EC and GEC did not differ between the two hide treatments. In a small commercial abattoir with unsatisfactory process practices (slaughtering dirty cattle, inadequate process hygiene), treatment of hides with Shellac produced significant microbial reductions on skinned beef carcasses: 1.7 log10 CFU/cm2, 1.4 log10 CFU/cm2 and 1.3 log10 CFU/cm2 of TVC, EC and GEC, respectively. TVC reductions on skinned beef carcasses achieved by the Shellac hide treatment were superior to those achieved by the comparative sanitizer rinse-vacuum hide treatment, but reductions of EC and GEC did not differ significantly between the two hide treatments. These investigations produced the first scientific evidence that treatment of cattle hides with aim of immobilising microflora on the hair can be very successfully used to reduce carcass meat contamination during the skinning operation, thus improving the microbiological status of the final beef carcasses as well as the beef safety in general. To achieve the full potential of this new treatment in practice, further research aimed at its further technical optimization under real-life meat industry conditions is necessary.

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Slobodan, Stanojević. "Epizootiološki modeli kontrole i mogućnosti primene molekularne dijagnostike u cilju unapređenja aktivnog nadzora enzootske leukoze goveda." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101330&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Enzootska leukoza goveda je maligna virusna neoplazma retikulohistiocitarnog sistema progresivnog karaktera, koja se karakteriše intenzivnim razmnožavanjem limfocita. Ova bolest govedarstvu nanosi velike materijalne štete dovodeći do visokog nivoa mortaliteta, pojave učestalijih oportunističkih infekcija, smanjenja produktivnosti i reprodukcije na leukoznim farmama. Imajući u vidu, da govedarstvo predstavlja stratešku granu u stočarstvu Srbije i učestvuje u stvaranju znatnog dela nacionalnog dohotka od 1999. godine, preduzimana su sistematska dijagnostička ispitivanja raširenosti ELG na farmama goveda kako u intenzivnoj tako i od 2000. godine i u ekstenzivnoj proizvodnji goveda. Korišćene su savremene metode dijagnostike ELG najpre agargel-imunodifuzioni test (AGID), a potom i indirektna imunoenzimska metoda (ELISA) kao dijagnostički test izbora. Na osnovu dobijenih epizootioloških podataka sprovoñene su mere za suzbijanje i iskorenjivanje EGL nafarmama goveda. U zavisnosti od tehnološkog procesa proizvodnje, kao i od ekonomskih mogućnosti farmi sprovoñeni su različiti modeli kontrole i eradikacije.ELG predstavlja veoma ozbiljan zdravstveni i ekonomski problem za govedarskuproizvodnju posebno za zapate mlečnih goveda, a pošto se i pored sprovoñenja mera za eradikaciju, leukoza još uvek zadržala u nekim našim stadima i zapatima goveda smatrali smo da bi trebalo preispitati dosadašnju strategiju kontrole ELG.Razmatrane su poteškoće u sprovoñenju mera za suzbijanje i iskorenjivanje leukoze goveda kao i potreba za izučavanjem epizootiologije, odnosno kontrole kretanja leukoze u trakozvanim leukoznim zapatima koji predstavljaju potencijalne izvore širenja leukoze. Imajući u vidu navedeno, cilj ovog ispitivanja je bio ustanoviti stepen raširenosti ELG i ispitaju do sada korišćeni programi kontrole i eradikacije oboljenja. Zadaci ovog istraživanja su bili da se ispitaju pogodnosti pojedinih dijagnostičkih metoda u cilju postavljanja rane dijagnoze oboljenja, istražiti incidenciju i prevalenciju bolesti, proceniti značaj pojedinih puteva prenošenja u okviru farmi i u regionu, izvršiti analizu dosadašnjih rezultata borbe i evaluaciju pojedinih modela, predložiti najpogodnije modele kontrole bolesti u cilju potpune eradikacije bolesti, a takoñe razviti i adekvatan model nadzora bolesti kako bi se sprečila njena ponovna pojava i širenje. Rezultati seroloških ispitivanja pokazuju da je otkriveno 10.181 pozitivnih životinja, odnosno 8,1% posto životinja u zapatima goveda na velikim farmama. Epizootiološka situacija na farmama goveda individualnog sektora zahtevala je posebnu pažnju i tu je ispitano 281.369 uzoraka krvi goveda i otkriveno je 567 pozitivnih grla ili 0,4% posto na području 12 opština. Rezultati seroprevalencije predstavljali su ključnu informaciju od značaja za izbor modela kotrole ELG. Odnosno istraživanje efikasnosti pojedinih modela u postizanju rezultata i zadatih ciljeva. Značajnih za izradu komparativne analize korišćenih modela, njihove primene i evaluacije. Epizotiološki modeli su analizirani, izvršena je njihova evaluacija i preporuka za primenu u epizootiološkoj praksi.
Enzootic bovine leucosis is viral malignant neoplasm reticulohistiocytic system and has progressive character, which is characterized by intensive multiplication of lymphocytes. This disease is causing a great material damage to cattle farming, leading to high level of mortality, with the emergence of more frequent infections and a reduction in productivity and reproduction in farms in which the leukosis appeared. Having in mind that the cattle farming is a strategic branch of the Serbian livestock and participates in the creation of a significant part of the national income since 1999, systematic diagnostic tests of the prevalence of EBL were undertaken on cattle farms, both in the intensive cattle production and from 2000 extensive production. Modern diagnostics methods of EBL were used, firstly the agargel-immunodiffusion test (AGID), followed by an indirect enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA) as well as a diagnostic test of choice. Based on the obtained epizootic data, the measures for the control and eradication of EBL were carried out on cattle farms. Depending on the technological process of production, as well as the economic farm opportunities, different models of control and eradication were implemented.EBL is a very serious health and economic problem for cattle farming, especially fordairy cattle herds, and despite the implementation of the measures for the eradication of the disease, leucosis is still held in some of our flocks and herds of cattle. Because of that we thought that the current control strategy EBL should be examined.The difficulties in implementing measures to suppress and eradicate bovine leukosis were discuses and the requirement to study the epizootiology , as well as to control the movement of leukosis in so-called leukostic herds, that represent potential source of spreading the leukosis.Taking into account, the purpose of this study was to establish the degree ofprevalence of EBL to examine the programs that were used so far to control and eradicate the diseases. The task of this study was to examine the benefits of specific diagnostic methods in order to establish early diagnosis of the diseases, to see into the incidence and prevalence of the leukosis, to estimate the significance of some routes of transmission within the farm and in the region, and to carry out an analysis of recent results in fighting and evaluation of individual models, to suggest the most appropriate models of disease control in order to complete the eradication of leukosis, but also to develop an adequate model of disease control to prevent its re-emergence and spread. The results of serological tests indicate that 10.181 the positive animals were detected, or 8.1 % percent of the animals in cattle herds in large farms. Epizootiological situation in the cattle farms of individual sectors required special attention and 281.369 blood samples of cattle were examined and the 567 positive cases were discovered, or 0.4 % percent in 12 communities. Results of seroprevalence were a key information for the choice of models to control ELG, or to investigate the efficiency of some models to achieve results and goals, and important for the production of comparative analysis of models that were used, their implementation and evaluation. Epizootic models were analyzed, their evaluation was made and recommendations for their implementation in the epizootic practice.

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Bojan, Blagojević. "Haptoglobin, makroskopski i bakteriološki indikatori rizika po bezbednost mesa na klanici." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20111110BLAGOJEVIC.

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Glavni cilj ovog rada je bio da se razviju i optimizuju objektivni i merljivi indikatori bioloških rizika po bezbednost mesa trupova, kao i da se – na osnovu kvalitativne ocene rizika - objektivno sagledaju i uporede performanse glavnih strategija za upravljanje tim rizicima na klanicama za goveda i svinje.Ispitan je potencijal haptoglobina goveda i svinja, podeljenih u grupe na osnovu njihove pred-istorije ili nalaza tokom inspekcije mesa, kao indikatora za njihovu rizičnu kategorizaciju pre klanja u pogledu prisustva patoloških lezija. Svaka životinja je bila podvrgnuta aktuelnoj zvaničnoj inspekciji mesa i određen je nivo haptoglobina u krvnom serumu. I u svinja i u goveda, srednje vrednosti koncentracije haptoglobina su bile značajno više u grupama kod kojih su detektovane abnormalnosti u odnosu na grupe ovih životinja bez nađenih promena, ali takva korelacija nije utvrđena na nivou individualneživotinje. Studija je ukazala da određivanje srednjeg nivoa haptoglobina u grupa životinja namenjenih klanju može da služi kao dodatni, objektivni indikator opšte prihvatljivosti zdravstvenog statusa i/ili farme porekla životinja, u okviru analize informacija iz lanca hrane kao dela premortalne inspekcije. Ovo je važno zbog donošenja odluke o sprovođenju pojednostavljene ili detaljnije postmortalne inspekcije određenih životinja ili grupa životinja na klanicama. U pogledu indikatora rizika od mikrobiološke kontaminacije obrađenih goveđih trupova, ispitana je mogućnost korišćenja numeričke ocene vizuelne čistoće goveda pre klanja. Vizuelno je ocenjena čistoća kože goveda (na skali od 1 do 4), a zatim su na obrađenim trupovima određeni nivoi generičke mikrobiote i prisustvo Escherichia coli O157. Utvrđena je globalna korelacija između vizuelne čistoće kože i nivoa generičke mikrobiote na obrađenim trupovima, ali su se ti nivoi značajno razlikovali samo između trupova vrlo prljavih goveda (kategorija 4) i svih drugih manje prljavih ili čistih (kategorije 1, 2 i 3). U pogledu vizuelne čistoće goveda i prisustva Escherichia coli O157 na obrađenim trupovima, jasna korelacija nije utvrđena. Potvrđena je opravdanost korišćenja sistema vizuelne ocene čistoće goveda i korisnost ove ocene kao jednog od indikatora nivoa rizika od mikrobiološke kontaminacije obrađenih trupova u pogledu generičke mikrobiote. Takođe, ispitana je mogućnost korišćenja kvantitativnog odnosa između nivoa ulazne (na koži) i finalne (na obrađenim trupovima) mikrobiološke kontaminacije kao potencijalnog indikatora za rizičnu kategorizaciju goveđih i svinjskih klanica u pogledu njihovih performansi u redukciji rizika od mikrobiološke kontaminacije mesa. Na kožama i trupovima goveda i svinja su određeni nivoi generičke mikrobiote i prisustvo najznačajnijih patogena u lancu goveđeg (Escherichia coli O157) i svinjskog mesa (Salmonella). Rezultati su pokazali da je odnos statusa kože i obrađenog trupa u pogledu nivoa generičke mikrobiote precizniji i pouzdaniji u diferencijaciji performansi procesne higijene klanica, u poređenju sa zvaničnim aktuelnim kriterijumima procesne higijene navedenim u legislativi Evropske Unije. S druge strane, rezultati su ukazali da korišćenje prevalencije patogena kao parametra u karakterizaciji procesne higijene klanica nije korisno. Pored toga, upoređeni su potencijalni doprinosi glavnih današnjih strategija u upravljanju biološkim rizicima za bezbednost mesa na klanicama za goveda i svinje - aktuelne inspekcije mesa i procesne higijene klanice - ukupnom osiguranju biološke bezbednosti mesa. Kvalitativno su ocenjeni rizici po zdravlje ljudi od alimentarnih hazarda povezanih sa goveđim ili svinjskim mesom, koje je moguće kontrolisati jednom od ove dve strategije na klanicama. Poređenjem nivoa ocenjenih rizika, utvrđeno je da adekvatna procesna higijena danas značajno više doprinosi ukupnoj biološkoj bezbednosti mesa trupova goveda i svinja u odnosu na aktuelnu inspekciju mesa. Ipak, u globalnom sistemu bezbednosti mesa, obe navedene strategije moraju da imaju specifičnu ulogu, shodno oceni rizika od hazarda koje kontrolišu. Svekupno, ova studija je pružila naučnu osnovu za dalje unapređenje savremenog, longitudinalnog i integrisanog sistema biološke bezbednosti goveđeg i svinjskog mesa, kao i za korišćenje nekih novih indikatora bioloških rizika u tom sistemu. Istovremeno, ukazala je i na potrebu i smer za dalja/dublja istraživanja za optimizaciju i implementacije tog modernog sistema i predloženih indikatora rizika u praksi.
The main aim of this work was to develop and optimize objective and measurable indicators of biological risks for the safety of carcass meat, and to - based on qualitative risk assessment - identify and objectively compare performances of the main risk management strategies in cattle and pig abattoirs. The potential of haptoglobin as an indicator of animal pre-slaughter risk classification regarding the presence of pathological lesions was investigated in cattle and pigs which were divided into groups, based on their pre-history or meat inspection findings. Each animal was subjected to the current official meat inspection and blood serum haptoglobin level determination. In both cattle and pigs, the mean haptoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in groups with abnormalities than in those without, but such a correlation was not been established at the level of individual animals. The study indicated that the mean haptoglobin level in groups of animals intended for slaughter can be used as an additional, objective indicator of general health status of animals and/or appropriateness of farm of their origin, when analysing the food chain information as a part of the ante-mortem inspection. This is important in deciding whether to perform simplified or detailed post-mortem inspection of certain animals or groups of animals at abattoirs. The numerical assessment of cattle cleanliness before slaughter was evaluated as a risk indicator of dressed beef carcasses’ microbial contamination. Cattle hide cleanliness was visually assessed (on a scale of 1 to 4) and levels of generic microbiota and occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 on dressed carcass were determined. A global correlation was found between the visual hide cleanliness and generic microbiota levels on dressed carcasses, but these levels significantly differed only between very dirty cattle (category 4) and all other less dirty or clean cattle (categories 1, 2 and 3). Regarding the visual cattle cleanliness and the presence of Escherichia coli O157 on dressed carcasses, a clear relationship was not determined. The validity of cattle cleanliness visual assessment system and usefulness of this as an indicator of risk of generic microbiota contamination of dressed carcasses was confirmed. Also, the quantitative relationship between the levels of incoming (hide/skin) and final (dressed carcasses) microbiological contamination was evaluated as an indicator for risk categorization of cattle and pig abattoirs in terms of their performances in reducing the risk of microbiological contamination of meat. Levels of generic microbiota and occurrence of the major pathogens in beef (Escherichia coli O157) and pork chain (Salmonella) were determined on hides/skins and dressed carcasses. The results showed that the ratio between generic microbiota levels on dressed carcasses and hides/skins is more precise and more reliable in the differentiation of process hygiene performances of abattoirs, compared to the official current process hygiene criteria laid down in the European Union legislation. On the other hand, the results indicated that the prevalence of pathogens is not useful as a parameter in the characterization of abattoir process hygiene. Additionally, potential contributions of the main current strategies in biological meat safety risk management in cattle and pig abattoirs - the current meat inspection and abattoir process hygiene - in ensuring the overall biological safety of meat were compared. Human health biological foodborne risks associated with beef or pork that can be controlled by one of the two strategies at abattoirs were qualitatively assessed. Comparing the levels of assessed risks, it was concluded that adequate process hygiene currently contributes significantly more to the overall biological safety of beef and pork VIII carcasses than current meat inspection. However, in the global meat safety assurance system, both of these strategies must have a specific role, according to the risk assessment of hazards which they individually control. Overall, this study has provided a scientific basis for the further development of contemporary, longitudinal and integrated risk management system for biological safety of beef and pork, as well as the use of some new indicators of biological risk in such a system. At the same time, it has indicated the needs and directions for further and more intensive research to optimize and implement that modern system and the proposed risk indicators in practice.

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Siniša, Suzić. "Parametarska sinteza ekspresivnog govora." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110631&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U disertaciji su opisani postupci sinteze ekspresivnog govorakorišćenjem parametarskih pristupa. Pokazano je da se korišćenjemdubokih neuronskih mreža dobijaju bolji rezultati nego korišćenjemskrivenix Markovljevih modela. Predložene su tri nove metode zasintezu ekspresivnog govora korišćenjem dubokih neuronskih mreža:metoda kodova stila, metoda dodatne obuke mreže i arhitekturazasnovana na deljenim skrivenim slojevima. Pokazano je da se najboljirezultati dobijaju korišćenjem metode kodova stila. Takođe jepredložana i nova metoda za transplantaciju emocija/stilovabazirana na deljenim skrivenim slojevima. Predložena metodaocenjena je bolje od referentne metode iz literature.
In this thesis methods for expressive speech synthesis using parametricapproaches are presented. It is shown that better results are achived withusage of deep neural networks compared to synthesis based on hiddenMarkov models. Three new methods for synthesis of expresive speech usingdeep neural networks are presented: style codes, model re-training andshared hidden layer architecture. It is shown that best results are achived byusing style code method. The new method for style transplantation based onshared hidden layer architecture is also proposed. It is shown that thismethod outperforms referent method from literature.

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Gospava, Lazić. "Prisustvo i raširenost virusa životinja i ljudi u površinskim vodama Vojvodine." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101851&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Više od 100 vrsta virusa ljudi i životinja se izlučuje u spoljašnju sredinu. Prisustvo ovih virusa u površinskim vodama reflektuje fekalnu kontaminaciju i ukazuje naopasnost za zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Na području Srbije se ne prati prisustvo patogenih virusa u površinskim vodama, pa čak ni u vodama za piće, a nije uspostavljena ni metodologija ovih ispitivanja. Shodno tome, cilj disertacije je da se utvrdi i analizira prisustvo animalnih i humanih virusa u površinskim vodama primenom najsavremenijih metoda koncentrovanja i detekcije virusa. U okviru disertacije ispitano je prisustvo sledećih virusa u površinskim vodama na teritoriji Vojvodine: humanih adenovirusa (HAdV); norovirusa (NoV) i hepatitis A virusa (HAV), adenovirusa svinja (PAdV), poliomavirusa goveda (BPyV) i hepatitis E virus (HEV).Ispitano je ukupno 108 uzoraka površinskih i otpadnih voda koji su prikupljani od oktobra 2012. godine do juna 2014. godine. U radu su primenjene najsavremenije metode koncentrovanja i detekcije virusa u vodi, koje se u Srbiji nisu koristile za ovu namenu. Sprovedenim ispitivanjima dokazano je da su animalni i humani virusi prisutni u površinskim vodama na području Vojvodine. Najčešće detektovan virus u površinskim vodama je humani adenovirus (42,4%), a potom norovirusi GII i GI (40,4% i 15,2%), adenovirus svinja (11,1%), poliomavirus goveda (7,1%) i hepatitis E virus (3,0%). U ukupno 9 testiranih uzoraka gradske kanalizacione vode najčešće je detektovan HAdV (44,4%), NoV GII i GI (66,7% i 22,2%), BPyV je detektovan u samo jednom od 9 uzoraka, a niti u jednom nisu detektovani PAdV i HEV. Hepatitis A virus nije detektovan u uzorcima, a eksperimentalno je potvrđeno da su metode primenljive i za detekciju ovog virusa. Na osnovu rezultata prinosa procesne kontrole i utvrđenog prisustva virusa u uzorcima, zaključeno je da se ove metode mogu veoma uspešno koristiti za detekciju virusne kontaminacije površinskih voda. Izvršena je igenotipizacija virusa iz odabranih uzoraka metodom sekvenciranja dela virusnog genoma. Indirektno je potvrđeno da su infekcije detektovanim virusima prisutne u populaciji životinja i ljudi. Prisustvo virusa u površinskim vodama i uzorcima gradske kanalizacije odražava infektivni status stanovništva, ali predstavlja i značajan rizik za zdravlje životinja i ljudi na području koje gravitira ispitanim vodama.
Over 100 types of pathogenic viruses are excreted in human and animal wastes. The presence of human and animal pathogenic enteric viruses in water environments reflects fecal contamination and indicates a risk to public health. Republic of Serbia does not implement surveillance for the presence of pathogenic human and animal viruses in surface waters and even in drinking water, neither is the established methodology of these studies in any institution in Serbia. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to determine and analyze the presence of human and animal viruses in surface water, using the latest methods of concentration and detection of the viruses. Within the dissertation examined the presence of the following viruses in surface waters in Vojvodina: Human adenoviruses (HAdV), noroviruses (NoV) and hepatitis A virus), Porcine adenovirus (PAdV) and Bovine polyomavirus (BPyV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV).A total of 108 samples of surface water and waste water were collected from October 2012 to June 2014. The paper are applied the most advanced methods and the concentration of virus detection in water, which in Serbia are not used for this purpose. The conducted tests have proven that the animal and human viruses present in surface waters in Vojvodina. The most commonly detected virus in surface water was human adenovirus (42.4%), followed by Norovirus GI and GII (40.4% and 15.2%), Porcine adenovirus (11,1%), Bovine polyomavirus (7.07%) and hepatitis E virus (3,0%).In total of nine analysed sewage samples human adenovirus was detected in 44,4% of samples. The prevalence of norovirus GII and GI in sewage samples was 66,7% and 22,2%. Bovine polyomavirus was detected in one of nine samples while porcine adenovirus and hepatitis E virus were not detected in any of analyzed samples. Hepatitis A virus was not detected in samples, but it has been experimentally confirmed that the methods applicable for detection of the virus. Based on the results of process control and yield determined the presence of virus insamples, it was found that these methods can be successfully used to detect viral contamination of surface waters. Also, in these study was performed genotyping of viruses from selected samples by sequencing a part of the viral genome. Indirectly it is confirmed that the infection detected viruses present in a population of animals and humans. The presence of virus in samples of surface water and urban sewage reflects the infectious status of the population, but also constitutes a significant risk to the health of animals and people in the area that gravitates with tested waters.

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6

Bayar, Firat. "An Alternative Perspective To Govern Globalization." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606582/index.pdf.

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Along with a multiplicity of benefits, contemporary globalization is posing severe challenges upon individuals, states as well as the world community as a whole. In that context, this study puts forward the cosmopolitan social democracy (CSD) approach as an alternative perspective of global governance to minimize, even entirely eradicate the detrimental costs of globalization and thereby enable all to benefit from its positive outcomes.

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Calvet, Crespo Jordi. "Govern de la Generalitat Valenciana (1983-1995), El." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1395.

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La tesi té per objecte el Govern de la Generalitat Valenciana en el període 1983-1995, del qual s'analitza l'estructura, el funcionament i la composició. La hipòtesi principal considera que la formació d'una elit de govern constitueix un factor bàsic per consolidar aquesta institució. En els anys inicials de la Comunitat Valenciana, l'elit concreta el context en el qual operaran les relacions de poder, i estableix les regles, els procediments i les decisions bàsiques que fonamenten la direcció de la comunitat autònoma.

El treball es divideix en tres capítols. El primer es dedica al marc teòric, l'institucionalisme, concretament al corrent normatiu, segons el qual l'activitat política depèn de les normes i valors que l'ordenen. Les institucions mantenen la voluntat de regular les relacions de poder, a partir del respecte i el seguiment d'unes pautes i procediments per prendre decisions. A més, també fixen els límits i les possibilitats d'actuació, perquè dicten els criteris de legitimitat i d'oportunitat. De manera més concreta, aquest corrent aporta a l'estudi de la construcció i materialització de la Generalitat Valenciana una perspectiva sobre les normes d'una nova comunitat política regional, que condicionaran l'actuació dels poders públics, però també dels grups i col·lectius de la societat valenciana.

El segon capítol es dedica a l'activitat de direcció política, d'una banda, i a l'estructura del Govern, d'una altra. Quant al primer element, es centra més atenció a la participació en la potestat legislativa, que indica les prioritats a l'hora de desenvolupar les previsions estatutàries. A partir de la tramitació dels projectes i proposicions també es coneix el grau de consens i de divisió entre els partits i les elits. Quant al segon element, es comenten les normes jurídiques que regulen el Govern, és a dir, el Consell i les unitats polítiques de l'Administració, ja que la tesi té una orientació politològica, que sobrepassa la concepció que el poder executiu és format pel president i els consellers, només. Així mateix, es compten els titulars de les conselleries i unitats directives de l'administració, la durada en el càrrec i els relleus dels equips directius. S'observa que el Govern és encapçalat, de manera efectiva, pel president i els consellers, els quals elegeixen les persones de confiança per dirigir els departaments.

El tercer capítol tracta de la composició del Govern. Basat en entrevistes personals a tota la població d'estudi, analitza les característiques sociològiques, polítiques i actitudinals dels consellers, sotssecretaris i secretaris generals dels departaments. Pel que fa a la posició social, els individus presenten una dosi de valencianitat elevada i comparteixen un estatus similar, per estudis i professió. No obstant, l'origen social presenta una certa varietat. Pel que fa a la filiació, comencen l'activitat política en els anys d'estudis universitaris i ingressen en el PSPV-PSOE en els inicis de la refundació del partit, entre 1978 i 1982. Formen part de les famílies que pugnen per dirigir-lo, i arriben a ocupar càrrecs en la direcció nacional. Tot i així, durant l'etapa autonòmica, la composició del Govern se separa de la composició de la Comissió Executiva Nacional. Finalment, pel que fa a les actituds vers l'autogovern, presenten una homogeneïtat elevada, encara que en aspectes rellevants (simbologia, règim lingüístic, marc competencial), existeix una divisió entre un sector més centralista, que predomina, i un altre més regionalista, minoritari.
This thesis focuses on Valencia Executive (1983-1995), especially on its structure, operation and composition. Its main hypothesis states that the elite formation is a main factor in the consolidation of this institution. During the initial period of Valencian autonomous Government, the political elite set up the context in which power relations were to take place; besides, it established the rules and procedures, and took the basic decisions that brought on the direction of polity.

This work is divided in three parts. The first one reviews the New Institutionalism, which points out institutions regulate power relations by fixing rules and procedures for decision making. Moreover, it states that institutions impose the limits and possibilities, since they dictate legitimacy and opportunity criteria. This approach turns to be useful to understand the rules that drive the regional-building process and bind the political behaviour of political parties and groups.

The second part focuses, on one hand, on political driving, and on the structure of the Executive, on the other. Regarding the first aspect, it stresses on the participation of the Executive on the Legislative power, since it shows the agenda of region-building and the degree of consensus between parties and elites. Regarding the second, it describes the proper acts of the Executive, including those referring to political appointments for the civil service. Besides, it gives an account of the members of the Executive, the duration of the legislatures and the number of reshuffles. Briefly, the President and the Ministers effectively lead the Government, and also make other appointments.

The third part of this work focuses on the composition of the Executive, and it is based on personal surveys that provided primary data about social background, political career and attitudes of the members of the Executive. These people are fully Valencian and share a similar status; moreover, they have had an analogous political career, which starts at the university and follows in the political parties. Finally, attitudes and perceptions about regional institutions seem to be homogeneous, despite the fact that in some relevant issues (e.g. symbols, linguistic questions and legislative power) there is a cleavage between a less federalist sector, which holds the majority, and a more federalist one.

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8

Aduda, Levke [Verfasser], Margit [Akademischer Betreuer] Bussmann, Govinda [Akademischer Betreuer] Clayton, Margit [Gutachter] Bussmann, and Govinda [Gutachter] Clayton. "You Always Meet Twice? Consecutive Mediation Efforts in African Intrastate Conflicts / Levke Aduda ; Gutachter: Margit Bussmann, Govinda Clayton ; Margit Bussmann, Govinda Clayton." Greifswald : Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159703531/34.

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del, Romero Renau Luis. "Planificació i govern del territori a l'Arc Mediterrani Espanyol." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9949.

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La planificació del territori com a ciència i com a pràctica legal i jurídica es troba encara a Espanya en procés de consolidació. Hi ha diversos treballs que parlen de la teoria i la pràctica de la planificació territorial des d'un punt de vista general, a un determinat país o Comunitat Autònoma però no hi ha tants de síntesi que comparen diversos casos. Aquest és en primer lloc un treball de síntesi que analitza no només els diferents sistemes i pràctiques d'ordenació del territori a les Comunitats Autònomes del Mediterrani sinó que també estudia de quina manera s'està governant el territori, però no descrivint i comparant sistemes legislatius sinó arribant a un grau de concreció màxima analitzant instruments i experiències de govern concretes i reals des de l'escala local fins la supranacional. Per a aquesta tasca es seleccionen al llarg de la tesi 4 casos d'estudi que s'analitzen en profunditat, tant les seues dinàmiques territorials com la seua pràctica planificadora i de govern del territori.El present treball per tant tracta sobre el govern del territori a l'Arc Mediterrani Espanyol. Es tracta sobretot d'un treball entre l'anàlisi regional i l'avaluació de polítiques públiques, entre la reflexió teòrica i l'estudi comparatiu on tractem d'abordar la següent qüestió:Amb el nou escenari de la globalització i l'era de la informació, què hi ha de nou en la planificació i el govern del territori a l'Arc Mediterrani Espanyol?Cal concretar i aclarir més el tema en el qual ens centrarem. La finalitat principal és analitzar quines noves respostes s'estan donant des de les distintes administracions del territori per afrontar velles dinàmiques territorials crítiques com el despoblament rural, la dispersió i especialització urbana, la crisi industrial i del sector primari, l'esgotament del recurs aigua i la pèrdua de paisatges, entre d'altres a diferents àrees d'estudi que es podrien considerar com a representatives del que passa a les Comunitats Autònomes del Mediterrani Espanyol (Parc natural del Cadí - Moixeró, regió metropolitana de Barcelona, regió metropolitana de València y litoral d'Almeria - Águilas) i al mateix temps pegant una ullada a un altre context que pot aportar molt al debat: Alemanya. Cal remarcar la consideració de nou no com a quelcom inèdit, sinó més bé com a un conjunt de modes de parlar i actuar sobre el territori que en el context en el qual ens movem ha estat poc explorat fins al moment.Aquest propòsit general es pot desdoblar en dos grans objectius:- Fer una anàlisi d'algunes de les grans dinàmiques territorials que són crítiques per al futur de l'arc mediterrani, les quals incideixen sobre els tres grans objectius de la sostenibilitat: la cohesió social, la competitivitat econòmica i la protecció del patrimoni i el medi ambient.- Avaluar comparativament si noves i velles estructures de govern, instruments de planificació i eines conceptuals per explicar i gestionar el territori són hui en dia efectives per gestionar satisfactòriament les dinàmiques territorials analitzades.Al llarg del treball pretenem traslladar la idea que Europa està experimentant una transició cap a la societat de la informació, dins de la lògica capitalista, la qual cosa comporta el reforçament i l'evolució d'antigues dinàmiques territorials que semblaven superades, una transició que afecta profundament la manera de gestionar el territori, el seu govern, i que davant això, es donen noves respostes, els efectes de les quals, en línies generals i en comparació amb altres àmbits territorials, han estat fins al moment limitades. Volem saber què hi ha de nou en l'ordenació i govern del territori a l'Arc Mediterrani, i quin paper hi està jugant aquesta ordenació.
This is first of all a research that analyses not only different Spatial Planning frameworks in different Spanish regions, but also it tries to answer the question about how the territory is being planned and governed. In order to answer this question the research handle with different spatial planning instruments from a local to an European scale. The whole area studied has been called the "Mediterranean Spanish core regions". The main topics of the research are; regional analysis, spatial planning policies and instruments assessment, theoretical review on the Castell's theory on the transition to a new informational's era and the comparison between different Spatial Planning frameworks. All these topics try to answer this question:In a new context of globalisation and a transition to a new era of information, which new paradigms within spatial planning and spatial policies can be found within the Spanish Mediterranean core regions?The main purpose of the research is, therefore, to analyse those new paradigms and policies implemented or developed from the different Spanish /European administrations in order to tackle or face different old spatial dynamics such as rural depopulation, the new urban model of edge-cities, industrial and agricultural crisis, water shortage problems, destruction of natural landscapes etc. in different areas of the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The four different study cases are: the Cadí - Moixeró natural park in the catalan Pyrenees, the metropolitan region of Barcelona, the urban region of Valencia and the Almería - Águilas coast in SE Spain. In order to establish a suitable comparison on an European scale, a fifth case of study is added: the Rin- Ruhr metropolitan region in Germany.Throughout this research it is described how Europe is walking towards a new era of information and globalisation, but always within the logics and rules of a capitalist society. This kind of transition is not only reinforcing new and old spatial dynamics of different territories, but also the way how these territories are planned and governed. These new paradigms in spatial planning are having till this moment very limited effects on the territory.

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10

Pano, Puey Esther. "Homogeneïtat i heterogeneïtat en la forma de govern municipal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663731.

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Aquesta tesi doctoral analitza el funcionament del sistema i la forma de govern municipal des d’una doble vessant. D’una banda, s’analitzen les teories clàssiques de la forma de govern per tal de poder construir un aparell conceptual coherent per al nivell local i vincular la recerca en l’àmbit municipal a la teoria general. D’una altra, se centra en l’anàlisi de la forma de govern municipal, la seva articulació i morfologia amb la voluntat d’identificar elements explicatius. El fet que el model d’estructuració i desenvolupament institucional del nivell local a l’estat espanyol permeti una adaptació profunda de la relació entre els diferents òrgans, ofereix una oportunitat d’anàlisi per apropar‐se al fet de si s’ha produït una variació en la forma de govern i, a partir d’aquí, a la caracterització de la mateixa i a la identificació dels possibles elements explicatius. Les qüestions de partida d’aquesta tesi se centraran, en primer lloc en mostrar si el mer fet de l’existència d’una habilitació general per al desenvolupament de models institucionals dissemblants ha generat l’emergència de models diferents, essent que variables identificades com a rellevants per la matèria romanen estables. En segon lloc, constatada aquesta variabilitat, es procedeix a caracteritzar‐la fet pel qual s’utilitza el marc teòric de la teoria general de les formes de govern i les tipologies pròpies dels estudis locals de forma conjunta. En aquest sentit, la tesi s’atura en el moviment de les delegacions i en quina és la posició de sortida i d’arribada en cada cas. Per últim es porta a terme una anàlisi per tal d’identificar les conseqüències de la forma de govern en termes de rendiment institucional i, en concret, d’estabilitat i dels determinats de les formes de govern i dels patrons d’homogeneïtat i heterogeneïtat. El fet de poder treballar amb un número ampli d’ens sotmesos a unes mateixes condicions externes i amb la possibilitat de que manifestin un comportament diferent, permet estudiar les relacions entre una determinada forma de govern i els seus elements caracteritzadors i explicatius però mantenint constants tota una sèrie de variables ambientals potencialment rellevants. En conseqüència, el tractament d’aquesta temàtica adaptat a l’àmbit del govern local, hauria de permetre desenvolupar models analítics que podrien acomodar‐se a l’estudi de la forma de govern des d’un perspectiva territorial diferent per tal d’aplicar‐los a un apropament més general de la matèria.
Esta tesis doctoral analiza el funcionamiento del sistema y la forma de gobierno municipal desde una doble vertiente. Por un lado, se analizan las teorías clásicas de la forma de gobierno para poder construir un aparato conceptual coherente para el nivel local y vincular la investigación en el ámbito municipal a la teoría general. Por otro lado, se centra en el análisis de la forma de gobierno municipal, su articulación y morfología con la voluntad de identificar elementos explicativos. El hecho de que el modelo de estructuración y desarrollo institucional del nivel local en España permita una adaptación profunda de la relación entre los diferentes órganos, ofrece una oportunidad de análisis para acercarse al hecho de si se ha producido una variación en la forma de gobierno y, a partir de ahí, la caracterización de la misma, así como a la identificación de los posibles elementos explicativos. Las cuestiones de partida de esta tesis se centrarán, en primer lugar, en mostrar si el mero hecho de la existencia de una habilitación general para el desarrollo de modelos institucionales disímiles ha generado la emergencia de modelos diferentes, siendo que las variables identificadas como relevantes para la materia permanecen estables. En segundo lugar, constatada esta variabilidad, se procede a caracterizarla, proceso en el cual se utiliza el marco teórico de la teoría general de las formas de gobierno y las tipologías propias de los estudios locales de forma conjunta. En este sentido, la tesis se detiene en el movimiento de las delegaciones y en cuál es la posición de salida y de llegada en cada caso. Por último, se lleva a cabo un análisis para identificar las consecuencias de la forma de gobierno en términos de rendimiento institucional, y en concreto, de estabilidad, y de los elementos determinantes de las formas de gobierno y de los patrones de homogeneidad y heterogeneidad. El hecho de poder trabajar con un número amplio de entes sometidos a unas mismas condiciones externas y con la posibilidad de que manifiesten un comportamiento diferente, permite estudiar las relaciones entre una determinada forma de gobierno y sus elementos caracterizadores y explicativos, pero manteniendo constantes toda una serie de variables ambientales potencialmente relevantes. En consecuencia, el desarrollo de esta temática adaptado al ámbito del gobierno local, debería permitir elaborar modelos analíticos que podrían acomodarse al estudio de la forma de gobierno desde una perspectiva territorial diferente para aplicarlos a una aproximación más general de la materia.
This doctoral thesis analyses the operation of the institutional municipal system from a twofold perspective. On the one hand, the classic theories of the form of government are analysed in order to construct a coherent conceptual apparatus for the local level with the intention of linking the investigation of the municipal ambit to general theory. On the other hand, it focuses on the analysis of the form of municipal government, its articulation and morphology, with the aspiration of identifying explanatory elements. The fact that the shape of the institutional structure of municipalities in Spain can be deeply modified by local councils allows a profound adaptation of the relationship between the different bodies. This offers an interesting opportunity to approach the question of whether there has been a change in the form of government; its extent and main characteristics; and whether it is possible to identify explanatory elements. This thesis focuses firstly on determining whether the mere fact of the existence of a general authorization to alter the framework can lead to an effective modification of it. It is also interesting to explore the extent of these changes and whether the municipalities have generated different patterns, considering that the relevant variables remain stable and controlled. Once this variability is confirmed, this study proceeds to characterize the changes and alterations. Regarding this process, the theoretical framework of the general theory of forms of government is particularly useful. In addition, the typologies developed in the framework of local studies are also used in order to construct a synthetic approach. The thesis explores the movement of delegations and the original and final institutional positions of each body. Finally, an analysis is developed with the aim of identifying the consequences of the form of government for institutional performance, especially concerning stability and the determinant elements of the forms of government and the patterns of homogeneity and heterogeneity. The fact of being able to work with a large number of entities, which are all under the same external conditions and can effectively develop different behaviours, makes many analytical opportunities possible. This permits the study of the relations between a particular form of government and its characterizing and explanatory elements. The development of this theme, applied to the scope of local government, allows the elaboration of analytical models that can be adapted to the study of the form of government from a different territorial perspective in order to apply these models to a more general approach to the subject.

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11

Osher, David Eugene. "Function follows form : how connectivity patterns govern neural responses." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81731.

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Thesis (Ph. D. in Neuroscience)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Connectivity restricts and defines the information that a network can process. It is the substance of information processing that underlies the patterns of functional activity in the brain. By combining diffusion-weighted imaging or DWI, with fMRI, we are able to non-invasively measure connectivity and neural responses in the same individuals and directly relate these two measures to one another. In Chapter 2, I first establish the proof-of-principle that anatomical connectivity alone can predict neural responses in cortex, specifically of face-selectivity in the fusiform gyrus. I then extend this novel approach to the rest of the brain and test whether connectivity can accurately predict neural responses to various visual categories in Chapter 3. Finally, in Chapter 4, I compare and contrast the resulting models, which are essentially networks of connectivity that are functionally-relevant to each visual category, and demonstrate the type of knowledge that can be uncovered by directly integrating structure and function.
by David Eugene Osher.
Ph.D.in Neuroscience

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12

Myers, Samuel Philip. "Determining the signalling pathways that govern human naive pluripotency." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277414.

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Conventional or “primed” human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) rely on FGF and TGFβ signalling for self-renewal, and occupy a developmentally advanced state of pluripotency comparable to mouse EpiSCs. Recent reports demonstrate that a naïve state of human pluripotency can be consistently derived either through transient histone deacetylase inhibition mediated resetting of conventional hESCs or via isolation of the inner cell mass. Long-term propagation of this state can be achieved using a cocktail of MEK, GSK3 and PKC inhibition in conjunction with leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) supplementation (t2iLGö) and a feeder layer of inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts. However, the way in which this signalling environment is interpreted in order to maintain naïve pluripotency remains unclear. I demonstrate a substrate consisting of a high concentration of tissue-derived laminin in combination with t2iLGö is sufficient to replace the feeder layer. Cultures maintained under these conditions are karyotypically normal, maintain a naive pluripotent transcriptional profile and exhibit reduced aberrant expression of mesodermal and endodermal lineage markers. I utilise the increased stringency of this culture system in combination with small molecule inhibitors to examine the roles of FGF, Activin/Nodal and JAK/STAT signalling in human naïve pluripotency. Naïve hESCs proliferate and maintain pluripotency marker expression in the presence of FGF receptor inhibition. In contrast, TGFβ signalling inhibition leads to rapid downregulation of human specific naïve pluripotency marker, KLF17, followed by the eventual collapse of the naïve transcription factor circuitry. Naïve hESCs self-renew in both the absence of LIF and presence of JAK/STAT inhibitors. However, further investigation of JAK/STAT signalling identified the increased potency of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) over LIF to activate the JAK/STAT pathway. Supplemental IL-6 improves colony-forming capacity under self-renewing conditions and attenuates differentiation following inhibitor withdrawal. Furthermore, prolonged activation of IL-6 signalling suppresses expression of GATA2 and GATA3 and upregulates KLF4 transcripts. Finally, I investigate whether ablation of PKCι is sufficient to replace the activity of the PKC inhibitor, Gö6983. Established naïve cultures that are PKCι null continue to express naïve markers and suppress upregulation of lineage makers following withdrawal of Gö6983. Furthermore, ablation of PKCι in conventional ESCs enables the maintenance of NANOG expression and the emergence of KLF17 expression in the absence of Gö6983 during histone deactylase mediated resetting.

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13

Conwell, Christine C. "Kinetic and Thermodynamic Factors Govern DNA Condensate Size and Morphology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5213.

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It is well known that multivalent cations can cause DNA to condense from solution to form high-density nanometer scale particles. However, several fundamental questions concerning the phenomenon of DNA condensation remain unanswered. DNA condensation in vitro has been of interest for many years as a model of naturally occurring DNA packaging (e.g. chromatin, sperm head and virus capsid packing). More recently, DNA condensation has been of interest in optimizing artificial gene delivery, where packaging genes to an optimal size is essential to developing efficient uptake and delivery systems. The research presented in this dissertation provides an in depth biophysical study of the factors that control DNA condensate size and morphology. Millimolar changes in the ionic strength of the solution were found to alter the size of toroidal condensates. Variations in the order of addition of the counterions also significantly changed the size and morphology of the condensates. Studies were also performed to investigate the effects of static curvature and increased DNA flexibility on DNA condensation. These include the addition of static bending by sequence directed curvature, dynamic bending through protein-DNA interactions and reducing DNA persistence length by condensing single-stranded DNA. Several new models of DNA condensation are proposed based on the experimental data presented in this thesis.

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Bouvet, Isabelle. "An international legal framework to govern space natural resources exploitation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116877.

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Since the 1960s, there has been a very rapid development of space activities. Over the last 50 years, meteorology, telecommunication and Earth Observation satellites have become a necessity for our activities on Earth. At the same time, scientific exploration of the universe has produced extraordinary discoveries related to our solar system and also improved our knowledge of our home planet Earth. From the very first space exploration programmes and Apollo missions, the potential existence of space natural resources has generated an important scientific curiosity. The Sea, the Antarctic and the Arctic natural resources have generated a great commercial interest and continue to do so. The regimes regarding their natural resources differ as it will be analysed. Today, space natural resources are seriously considered for in-situ utilization in the context of both manned and unmanned future exploration missions. Beyond utilization, the question of their commercial exploitation is raised: several companies have released plans to study and exploit space natural resources: Planetary Resources Company, Golden Spike Company, Deep Space Industries and B612 Foundation to name a few. International space law was elaborated during the Cold War in order to define a framework for activities before they occur; commercial space activities are governed by a strong legal regime including notably Earth Observation, Telecommunication, Meteorology…. However, space natural resources have not been subject of a dedicated regime yet. The lack of a minimum rule agreed by all is a risk for the actors involved in this activity and the international relations. This dissertation explores the main legal issues related to the exploitation of space natural resources. Its objective is to analyze the fundamental principles of international space law that may apply and what would be the most appropriate framework. An analysis of the formation of international legal theory is conducted together with its impact on the topic of the thesis. Analogies are drawn from other international areas such as the deep seabed and Antarctica for purposes of proposing an international legal framework to govern the exploitation of space natural resources. The dissertation constitutes an original contribution to the development of law in the way it analyzes the issues related to the exploitation of space natural resources, the political dimension of the topic, and the use of a comparative analysis to define the necessary conditions for a solid legal regime.
Le développement des activités spatiales a été fulgurant depuis les années 60. En un demi-siècle, les satellites de météorologie, de télécommunication et d'observation de la Terre sont devenus indispensables à l'activité humaine sur Terre. En parallèle, l'exploration scientifique de l'Univers a permis des découvertes extraordinaires sur notre système solaire tout en permettant d'améliorer nos connaissances concernant la Terre. Dès les premiers programmes d'exploration spatiale avec les missions Apollo, l'existence de ressources naturelles potentielles dans l'espace a généré une grande curiosité scientifique. Aujourd'hui, l'utilisation des ressources est sérieusement considérée pour un usage local dans le cadre de futures missions d'exploration robotiques et habitées. Au-delà de l'utilisation des ressources, la question de leur exploitation commerciale se pose: plusieurs sociétés ont fait part de leur intention d'étudier et d'exploiter les ressources naturelles dans l'espace: Planetary Resources Company, Golden Spike Company, Deep Space Industries et B612 Foundation pour en mentionner que quelques unes. Alors que le droit de l'espace a été élaboré en pleine Guerre Froide de manière à régler les questions juridiques avant qu'elles surviennent, l'exploitation commerciale de l'espace fait l'objet d'un régime solide, celle de ses ressources naturelles ne fait cependant pas l'objet d'un cadre juridique dédié. L'absence de règles minimales agréées par tous constitue un risque pour les acteurs concernés par cette activité et les relations internationales. Cette thèse explore les principales problématiques juridiques liées à l'exploitation des ressources naturelles dans l'espace. Son objectif est d'analyser les principes fondamentaux en droit de l'espace qui seraient susceptibles de s'appliquer ainsi que le cadre juridique le plus approprié. Elle fait ensuite une analyse de la théorie juridique et de son impact sur le sujet. L'analogie du droit international de l'espace existant avec les autres domaines internationaux que sont l'Antarctique et la mer permet enfin d'établir s'ils peuvent servir de base pour l'exploitation des ressources dans l'espace. Cette thèse constitue une contribution originale au développement juridique dans la manière d'aborder la problématique liée à l'exploitation des ressources dans un espace international, la dimension politique du sujet, puis l'approche par analogie indispensable pour définir les conditions nécessaires à un régime juridique solide. Son objectif est de convaincre que le politique doit s'emparer de cette problématique.

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15

Barceló, Prats Josep. "Poder local, govern i assistència pública: el cas de Tarragona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/290988.

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L’any 1464 l’Arquebisbe de Tarragona, Pere de Urrea, feia pública l’acta de fundació de l’Hospital de Sant Pau i Santa Tecla de Tarragona. Aquest document establia les ordinacions que, a partir d’aquell moment, regirien una institució que ha arribat fins als nostres dies. Tanmateix, aquest document també mostra com el control sobre la institució hospitalària va esdevenir imprescindible per perpetuar l’estabilitat d’un model polític paccionat però, alhora, molt fràgil. Amb el pas del temps, aquesta manera de governar i gestionar el bé comú va ser assumida per la població catalana; i l’hospital, com a garant del sistema, es va anar transformant en un element d’identitat cultural. És a dir, la incipient identitat jurídica forjada a partir dels processos de fusió hospitalària del segle XV es va anar convertint, progressivament, en una identitat cultural de tipus pràctic indispensable per al bon govern del municipi.
In 1464 the Archbishop of Tarragona, Pedro de Urrea, made public the founding of the Hospital of San Pablo y Santa Tecla of Tarragona. This document established the ordinances that had to govern an institution that has survived to this day. This document is also a clear example of how the control of the hospital became a fact essential to perpetuate the stability of a consensus political model but also very fragile. Over time, this way of managing the common good was assumed by the Catalan population; and the hospital, as guarantor of the system was transformed into an element of cultural identity. The hospital of Tarragona, like other Catalans hospitals, is yet another example that helps develop a social protection model, very specifically, that in Catalonia resisted all kinds of historical changes due to social and political value that the hospital took in the collective imagination of the population.
En 1464 el Arzobispo de Tarragona, Pedro de Urrea, hacía pública el acta de fundación del Hospital de San Pablo y Santa Tecla de Tarragona. Este documento establecía las ordenanzas que, a partir de entonces, tenían que regir una institución que ha llegado hasta nuestros días. Este documento también es un claro ejemplo de cómo el control del hospital se convirtió en un hecho imprescindible para perpetuar la estabilidad de un modelo político paccionado pero, al mismo tiempo, muy frágil. Con el paso del tiempo, esta forma de gestionar el bien común fue asumida por la población catalana; y el hospital, como garante del sistema, se fue transformando en un elemento de identidad cultural. Esto es, la incipiente identidad jurídica forjada a través de los procesos de fusión hospitalaria del siglo XV se tradujo, paulatinamente, en una identidad cultural de tipo práctico indispensable para el buen gobierno del municipio.

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Lundkvist, Elin, and Gustav Persson. "From guess to success : How to govern service-oriented architectures." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255163.

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Service-oriented architecture (SOA) governance has been identified as the most important factor affecting the outcome of SOA within organisations. However, authors have failed to explain how organisations should govern specific aspects of its SOA, leaving a gap in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate established SOA governance mechanisms in order to explain implications of governance in a SOA context. The research question of the study was to identify which SOA governance mechanisms do or do not provide support for different constituents of SOA. The study also contained three sub-questions; (i) Is there a difference between how SOA governance mechanisms support technical vs. non technical constituents of SOA? (ii) Is there any SOA governance mechanism that is more important than others? (iii) Is there a relation between the SOA governance mechanisms? The study was conducted using theories related to SOA and SOA governance. We identified the most academically accepted SOA governance mechanisms to test their support for different constituents of SOA. To get an holistic view of SOA, we used a SOA maturity framework to identify what the constituents of SOA really are. The support of the SOA governance mechanisms were then studied in relation to the different constituents of SOA, through interviews and observations, during a ten week internship at Scania. The results showed that as good as every SOA governance mechanism supports the constituents of SOA, although the level of support varied. In general, we found patterns separating the support for technological and non-technological constituents of SOA. The technological constituents of SOA were to a great extent provided the same support from SOA governance mechanisms, which also was true for the non-technological constituents of SOA. Interestingly, except for one SOA governance mechanism, the technological constituents of SOA and the non-technological obtained different levels of support from governance. The most important SOA governance mechanisms are the creation of standards and policies, having processes to create and enforce policies, processes for education, and establishing SOA skills and training. We can also conclude that there is a relationship between many of the SOA governance mechanisms, and that academics and practitioners therefore have to view SOA governance holistically, rather than independent governance mechanisms.

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Shany, Yuval. "Competing jurisdictions of international courts and tribunals : which rules govern?" Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246905.

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Vine, Rebecca. "The intelligent client : learning to govern through numbers at Heathrow." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/75875/.

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This thesis examines the call for reform in the governance of risk and control within major construction programmes in the UK. Over the next 8 years, Construction 2025 describes aspirations for major improvements in productivity, cost efficiency and delivery lead times. However, the pathway to reform remains unclear. Major infrastructure projects have a history of dissonance where competing value systems can create friction. However, the productive friction from multiple evaluative perspectives can also be a fundamental part of resolving emergent and perplexing problems. Construction 2025 highlights the need to develop stronger delivery relationships with an emphasis on the early engagement of suppliers and “fixing” the front-end of projects through more rigorous procurement strategies. It also notes that “much” of the waste in construction is fundamentally linked to the treatment of risk. Intelligent Clients, such as Heathrow, have been identified as exemplars in developing superior models of risk governance that work “with” suppliers to articulate the nature of value and evaluative purpose (CE, 2009). This thesis is a study of the composition and evolution of control in the construction of Terminal 5 (T5) and the more recent Terminal 2 (T2) at Heathrow. Terminal 5 is considered a landmark case that challenged traditional self-seeking opportunism with a lean partnering philosophy delivered through integrated teams. A year later Terminal 2 moved away from the partnering with suppliers, engaging a 3rd party integrator managed through an intelligent control system. At the time this raised concerns that T2 represented a relinquishing of the project management capability developed on T5 and a weaker model of integration. However, T2 was a success. This thesis draws on extensive project-based technical data, interviews with industry experts and policy reports to build a comparative picture of the calculative infrastructures. Temporal bracketing is used to trace the patterns of development into “phases of control” as a sequence of evaluative orders. Both cases move the conception of control beyond directive forms of control “over” resources to consider the nature of social integration and the complexity of enrolling allied interests. The findings explore a variety of innovative calculative technologies that translated tensions into productive friction. In both cases Heathrow did not fix the front-end. Instead an adaptive calculative infrastructure mediated collective deliberation, critical inquiry and emergent learning. These findings suggest that the current reform discussion would benefit from more explicit consideration of the importance of architectures of control in making projects valuable, governing risk and shaping conduct towards enterprise and discovery.

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Winland, Joseph L. Jr. "Opening the Window to Edward Whittemore: Systems that Govern Human Experience." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/90.

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Edward Whittemore (1933-1995) is a now almost unknown American writer. This project seeks to bring Edward Whittemore to light. Though he has a simple voice and a subtle but vast knowledge of history, he writes with a fantastic imagination and dramatizes a timely but tragic message. In “Part One” of Sinai Tapestry, Whittemore explores the complex relationship between Chaos and Order through the extravagant lives of his major characters, Plantagenet Strongbow and Skanderbeg Wallenstein. Through a biography of Whittemore’s life and a close analysis of Strongbow’s and Wallenstein’s relationship, I will highlight Whittemore’s depth as an author and thinker, make evident his availability to literary analysis and critical theory, and argue the presence of Whittemore’s own ideology regarding the systems that govern human experience.

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20

Ryan, Acosta Federo. "Governing those who govern: Essays on the governance of intergovernmental organizations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405525.

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Durant la darrera década, ha proliferat la investigació sobre la raó per la qual s’estableixen organitzacions intergovernamentals (IGO en anglès) i com aquestes s’estructuren. Els governs estatals creen IGO per a governar els assumptes transnacionals que tenen un impacte significatiu en una àmplia gamma de stakeholders. El nombre de IGO establertes ha augmentat a més de 350, i moltes d’aquestes organitzacions han estat avaluades o percebudes com ineficaces i ineficients. Però, si les IGO no compleixen amb els mandats i les expectatives creades, com poden governar-se per assegurar-se el seu funcionament satisfactori? No obstant la seva importància, la investigació sobre aquest tema continua sent limitada. Per tant, aquesta tesis doctoral explora la governança de les IGO (en particular sobre com poden formular estratègies i com poden ser monitorades) per a identificar què contribueix a la diferència en el rendiment organitzacional entre IGO. Aquesta investigació combina la investigació sobre estratègia—particularment utilitzant teories organitzacionals i evidència empírica de la investigació sobre la governança corporativa—i la literatura de relacions internacionals per a entendre i examinar els mecanismes i pràctiques de govern en les IGO. En última instància, aquesta tesis proporciona un marc pels líders de les IGO que vulguin millorar el rendiment organitzacional de les seves IGO.
La investigación sobre organizaciones intergubernamentales (IGO en inglés)—su creación y cómo éstas se estructuran—ha proliferado en los últimos tiempos. Los gobiernos estatales crean IGOs para gobernar los asuntos transnacionales que tienen un impacto significativo en una amplia gama de stakeholders. El número de IGOs establecidas ha aumentado hasta más de 350. Pero muchas de estas organizaciones han sido evaluadas negativamente o percibidas como ineficaces e ineficientes. Por tanto, si las IGOs no cumplen sus mandatos ni con las expectativas generadas, una pregunta necesaria es ¿cómo pueden gobernarse para asegurar su desempeño? Sin embargo, esta pregunta sigue sin respuesta, ya que la investigación sobre la gobernanza y funcionamiento de las IGOs es limitada. Por lo tanto, esta tesis doctoral explora la gobernanza de las IGOs (en particular sobre cómo pueden formular estrategias y cómo pueden ser monitoreadas) para identificar qué contribuye a la diferencia en el desempeño organizacional entre las distintas IGOs existentes. Esta investigación combina la investigación sobre estrategia, en particular usando teorías organizacionales y evidencia empírica producida por la extensa investigación sobre gobernanza corporativa, y la literatura de relaciones internacionales para entender y examinar los mecanismos y prácticas de gobierno en las IGOs. En última instancia, esta tesis proporciona un marco de referencia para los líderes de las IGOs que pretendan mejorar su desempeño organizacional.
Research has proliferated on why intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) are established and how these IGOs are structured. State governments create IGOs to govern transnational affairs that have significant impact to a vast array of stakeholders. The number of established IGOs has surged to more than 350, wherein many of these organizations have been assessed or perceived as ineffective and inefficient. If IGOs fail to fulfill the mandates and expectations they are established for, then how can they be governed to ensure that they perform accordingly? Yet this question remains unanswered, since there is limited research on the governance of IGOs after their creation. Therefore, this doctoral thesis explores IGO governance—particularly on how they can formulate strategies and how they can be monitored—to identify what contributes to the difference in organizational performance among IGOs. This research combines strategy research, particularly using organization theories and empirical evidence from corporate governance research, and international relations literature to understand and examine the governance mechanisms and practices in IGOs. Ultimately, this thesis provides a guiding framework for IGO leaders to help improve organizational performance of IGOs.

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Rooney, Timothy M. "Genes Required for Wallerian Degeneration Also Govern Dendrite Degeneration: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2004. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/775.

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Neurons comprise the main information processing cells of the nervous system. To integrate and transmit information, neurons elaborate dendritic structures to receive input and axons to relay that information to other cells. Due to their intricate structures, dendrites and axons are susceptible to damage whether by physical means or via disease mechanisms. Studying responses to axon injury, called Wallerian degeneration, in the neuronal processes of Drosophila melanogaster has allowed the identification of genes that are required for injury responses. Screens in Drosophila have identified dsarm and highwire as two genes required for axon degeneration; when these genes are mutated axons fail to degenerate after injury, even when completely cut off from the neuronal cell body. We found that these genes are also required for dendrite degeneration after injury in vivo. Further, we reveal differences between axon and dendrite injury responses using in vivo timelapse recordings and GCaMP indicators of intracellular and mitochondrial calcium transients. These data provide insights into the neuronal responses to injury, and better define novel targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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22

Chaddha, Shane. "An inquiry for an alternative institutional arrangement to govern outer space." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-inquiry-for-an-alternative-institutional-arrangement-to-govern-outer-space(00ce5447-e012-45d5-a264-5fbab381c2fd).html.

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The uncontrolled growth of the space debris population is an environmental challenge. The several major debris-generating events at the beginning of the 21st Century suggests that the existing space governance regime encourages self-interested, rational state and non-state space actors to freely access and make use of the extraterrestrial commons without credible restraint, and lacks the robustness to hold these entities directly accountable and liable for their polluting activities. Such non-discriminatory right encourages these users to act and behave individualistically when utilising outer space, and make irresponsible choices like decisions to carry out debris-creating activities. These events also show that actors are tied together in a lattice of interdependence so long as they continue to share the space environment. An irresponsible operator who carries out an unsafe, risky activity increases the environmental costs shared by all members, both current and future users. The debris problem is an externality produced by human activities in space which can over time create a type of social dilemma called the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ - a situation involving the environmental degradation and possible ruin of a shared resource. Many conferences have emphasised the seriousness of space congestion, and technological efforts have been adopted to reduce environmental degradation. However, while they are practical in the short and medium term, these measures lack the capacity to offer long-term solutions to deal with the problem. Often overlooked is a scrutiny on the adequacy of the existing space governance regime to preserve the space environment and control the debris population. The focus has been on exploration and exploitation and less on actively regulating the actions and behaviours of space actors when appropriating the resource, and restraining those strategic choices users would take in given situations. This thesis considers the shortcomings of the current outer space regulatory regime and proposes alternative space governance arrangements. It uses insights from the works of two property-rights theorists: Garrett Hardin and Elinor Ostrom – who developed the most widely used institutional designs to manage terrestrial and small-scale common-pool resources. They argue that resource users cannot efficiently coordinate collective action to deal with social dilemmas because of its institutional arrangement, and that such regime must be redesigned. However, their policy prescriptions are competing. Hardin states that the commons should be either privatised or managed by an external authority. Ostrom, on the other hand, argues that community-based governance can be successful when certain conditions are satisfied. From their respective works, this thesis constructs theoretical frameworks to determine if either Hardin’s or Ostrom’s prescriptions can be so crafted to provide an alternative space governance regime, and address the space debris problem. If the proposed institutional arrangement is appropriate and viable to govern outer space, it offers considerations on what further must be done to ensure its robustness to effectively regulate access and oversee the use of the space environment; restrain actors from carrying out potentially harmful activities; and organise actors to resolve collective action problems.

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Matakane, Gcina M. "The people shall govern: Constituent power and the South African Constitution." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5625.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
The South African negotiations process, in the true spirit of classical liberalism, emphasised juridical continuity, legality, and gradual political change. But in spite of this and the fact that South Africa’s constitution-making process is acclaimed as the most successful negotiated revolution, it is generally recognised that there is incongruity between the promise and hope brought about by South Africa’s constitution-making process and the political and social crises that ensued after the advent of constitutional democracy in the country. I argue in this analysis that the South African constitutional discourse must undergo a fundamental shift by abandoning the normative regulation of the constituent power of the people in order to allow for the people to truly govern. The acknowledgement of the possibility of the unregulated exercise of constituent power through people-driven initiatives can mitigate the current malaise facing South Africa’s constitutional democracy.

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24

Holloway-Strong, Maria U. "A study of the factors which govern the compressibility of chalk." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842733/.

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Chalk is a weak rock that occurs extensively in the UK. The mechanisms which control the mass compressibility of chalk are not fully understood and hence current foundation design practice favours a conservative, and therefore costly, approach. This research aimed to investigate the factors which control mass compressibility in order to improve our understanding and hence improve foundation design methods. This was achieved by the development of a hypothesis which described aspects of the deformation behaviour of both intact and discontinuous chalk. The hypothesis was then validated by a laboratory investigation of an intact high porosity chalk, using one-dimensional compression and triaxial tests, followed by a study of discontinuous chalk, which represented an idealised rock mass. The hypothesis, which was based on friction theory, indicated that the yield stress (strength) of the chalk was a material constant and was independent of the size of the chalk body. It also suggested that the primary control on mass compressibility was yield and failure of the asperities at the discontinuity boundary, with an associated increase in contact area and progressive discontinuity closure. Recent work has found that it is possible to use a unifying framework, based on Critical State Soil Mechanics, to describe the deformation behaviour of intact, bonded materials, including chalk. This approach was adopted to describe the behaviour of the intact chalk. It was found that the intact chalk behaved, at low stresses, like an intact, elastic rock which was able to exist in stress states that were impossible for reconstituted chalk, due to the contribution of structure. The chalk was described by a double yield model, where first yield (linear limit) was associated with the onset of bond degradation and second yield marked pore collapse and the start of grain crushing. At large strains, beyond second yield, the chalk behaved as a particulate, granular soil. The introduction of a smooth, planar discontinuity did not significantly alter the linear limit or yield surface from that found for intact chalk. It did cause a slight reduction in stiffness and an increase in accumulated strain. A series of uniaxial compressive strength tests on discontinuous specimens of varying contact area ratios confirmed the hypothesis that the yield stress of the chalk was a constant. Inspection of the specimens and analysis of the results confirmed that asperity crushing, with the consequent change in contact area and discontinuity closure, had been key factors in the deformation behaviour. Specimens with a contact area in excess of 51% demonstrated similar, limited axial strains, while those with a contact area of less than 44% demonstrated much larger axial strains. An empirical relationship was observed between both initial contact area and initial asperity height (aperture) and the amount of axial strain developed. Triaxial tests on 15% contact area specimens identified a linear limit and yield surface similar to that of intact chalk. Much lower stiffnesses and larger accumulated strains were recorded. The differences observed in the behaviour were thought to be a function of the reconstituted chalk at the discontinuity boundary, which was created during discontinuity closure. The main factors which governed the mass compressibility of chalk were found to be material yield stress, true contact area ratio and discontinuity aperture.

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Rooney, Timothy M. "Genes Required for Wallerian Degeneration Also Govern Dendrite Degeneration: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/775.

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Neurons comprise the main information processing cells of the nervous system. To integrate and transmit information, neurons elaborate dendritic structures to receive input and axons to relay that information to other cells. Due to their intricate structures, dendrites and axons are susceptible to damage whether by physical means or via disease mechanisms. Studying responses to axon injury, called Wallerian degeneration, in the neuronal processes of Drosophila melanogaster has allowed the identification of genes that are required for injury responses. Screens in Drosophila have identified dsarm and highwire as two genes required for axon degeneration; when these genes are mutated axons fail to degenerate after injury, even when completely cut off from the neuronal cell body. We found that these genes are also required for dendrite degeneration after injury in vivo. Further, we reveal differences between axon and dendrite injury responses using in vivo timelapse recordings and GCaMP indicators of intracellular and mitochondrial calcium transients. These data provide insights into the neuronal responses to injury, and better define novel targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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26

Macadangdang, Joan Karla. "Nuclear and Cytoskeletal Prestress Govern the Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of the Nucleus." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23310.

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Physical forces in the cellular microenvironment play an important role in governing cell function. Forces transmitted through the cell cause distinct deformation of the nucleus, and possibly play a role in force-mediated gene expression. The work presented in this thesis drew upon innovative strategies employing simultaneous atomic force and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, as well as parallel optical stretching experiments, to gain unique insights into the response of eukaryotic cell nuclei to external force. Non-destructive approaches confirmed the existence of a clear anisotropy in nuclear mechanical properties, and showed that the nucleus' mechanical response to extracellular forces is differentially governed by both nuclear and cytoskeletal prestress: nuclear prestress regulates shape and anisotropic deformation, whereas cytoskeletal prestress modulates the magnitude and degree of deformation. Importantly, the anisotropic mechanical response was conserved among diverse differentiated cell types from multiple species, suggesting that nuclear mechanical anisotropy plays an important role in cell function.

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27

Govers, Yves [Verfasser]. "Parameter identification of structural dynamic models by inverse statistical analysis / Yves Govers." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1035529882/34.

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Lladó, Martínez Albert. "L'estructura de govern de les universitats públiques del Sistema Universitari de Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132631.

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La tesi doctoral "L’estructura de govern de les universitats públiques del Sistema Universitari de Catalunya", proposa una configuració del govern intern de les universitats públiques que aglutina els elements requerits per donar resposta a la necessària modernització de l’educació superior segons les directrius de la Comissió Europea: incorporació dels agents socials al govern universitari, diversificació de les vies de finançament, increment paral·lel de l’autonomia de les institucions i de les vies d’exercici del retiment de comptes. Aquesta configuració té cura de garantir el respecte als principis bàsics que configuren l’ensenyament superior, les llibertats de càtedra, d’estudi i de recerca, així com l’autonomia universitària. Al mateix temps es racionalitzen el nombre i el volum dels òrgans de govern, per facilitar l’agilitat i l’eficiència en la gestió
The PhD thesis "The government structure of the public universities of the University System of Catalonia", proposes a configuration for the internal government of the Catalan public universities that brings together the required elements to meet the modernization of higher education, according to the guidelines of the European Commission. It opens to a direct involvement of stakeholders in the university government, diversification of funding resources, increase of the institutions autonomy as well as of their accountability. This configuration is careful to ensure full respect for the principles that shape higher education: academic freedom for professors, researchers and students, as well as university autonomy. Moreover, it rationalizes the number and size of the governing bodies in order to achieve better agility and efficiency in management

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Rouse, Paul Ian. "How to govern the risks of stratospheric aerosol injection solar radiation management." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/424730/.

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Deliberate large-scale interventions in the Earth’s climate system – known collectively as ‘geoengineering’ – have been proposed in order to moderate anthropogenic climate change. This thesis explores one of the possible technologies, stratospheric aerosol injection solar radiation management (SAI). My original contribution to knowledge is to make a number of interlinked contributions to understanding how interested and affected parties frame and think about SAI risk, and, how its future governance may evolve. The qualitative study addresses two research questions: how might deployment risks be incorporated into SAI governance; and, might SAI governance be plural? Governance framings are explored through the lens of the technical and social risks of SAI. A theorising of risk by Renn (2008) that incorporates the challenges of uncertainty, ignorance and incertitude, using a typology of risk and a linked risk management model is adopted to explore how SAI risks maybe be incorporated into SAI governance. A conceptual framework of SAI governance, drawing on Bulkeley’s (2012) climate change governance theories of consent, consensus and concord, is used to suggest how decisionmaking might be enacted, and authority negotiated, taken, and given during SAI governance. Semi-structured stakeholder interviews were undertaken to discern perspectives on SAI risk and risk governance, identifying the underlying rationales, and, providing empirical evidence to assess the theoretical arguments. Findings describe how SAI governance may take shape and its characteristics. They suggest complex understandings of risk will contribute to the construction of a plural, inclusive and deliberative process of governance that, critically, will evolve in an un-rushed manner over time. The research suggests that risk management theories may help inform how other socially constructed Earth systems might be governed. In addition, the modalities of authorisation and the transnational governing processes proposed by the governance framework appear to provide a useful tool that could help interested and affected parties’ understandings of, and participation in, future SAI governance. The thesis suggests SAI is a useful case study to inform the broader environmental governance debate and the geoengineering-climate change interface. Some suggestions for further research in this direction are suggested.

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Wunische, Adam. "Forced to Govern: Armed Statebuilding Operations and the Limits of Military Effectiveness." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109129.

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Thesis advisor: Gerald Easter
The U.S. military is asked to perform statebuilding operations far more often than it engages in conventional warfare against opposing uniformed state militaries. The U.S. military has engaged in 13 major armed statebuilding operations during and since WWII, along with numerous smaller operations throughout the world, and the most optimistic measures of success are less than 50 percent. Why, despite statebuilding being the most common task it is asked to perform, is U.S. military performance in statebuilding operations still so poor. This puzzle cannot be answered by current research on military effectiveness since this body of research focuses exclusively either on a military’s effectiveness in conventional combat, or on a military’s effectiveness in the conventional combat aspects of non-conventional operations. This gap is detrimental since militaries are frequently asked to perform a wide range of missions far beyond conventional operations. The U.S. military consistently resists statebuilding operational tasks when conducting such operations and consistently dismantles what little statebuilding capacity it does build following the statebuilding operation. This dissertation takes a novel approach by disaggregating between the three statebuilding tasks the U.S. military identifies as tasks it should be able to perform in statebuilding operations, building infrastructure, building and training local security forces, and building and supporting local governance. It finds that the military actually performs well in some statebuilding tasks and poorly in others. This dissertation presents the Primary Mission Theory to explain this divergence in effectiveness, which argues that militaries will preference those tasks that contribute to what they consider to be their primary mission, which is almost always conventional combat. Thus, statebuilding tasks will be preferenced only if they can also contribute to conventional combat capabilities. I trace the historical development statebuilding institutions within the U.S. military and conduct case studies on operations in Afghanistan and Vietnam in support of the presented theory
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science

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Sandra, Sovilj-Nikić. "Razvoj matematičkog modela trajanja glasova u automatskoj sintezi govora na srpskom jeziku." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2014. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=85851&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U okviru ove disertacije razvijeno je više različitih modela trajanja glasova u srpskom jeziku primenom odgovarajućih metoda automatskog učenja. Izvršena je objektivna evaluacija razvijenih modela i njihovo međusobno poređenje na osnovu kvantitativnih pokazatelja kao što su RMSE(engl. root-mean-squared error), MAE (engl. mean absolute error) i CC (engl. correlation coefficient). Takođe je izvršeno poređenje modela za srpski jezik sa performansama modela razvijenih za druge jezike, pri čemu je uočeno da su performanse modela razvijenih u ovoj disertaciji uporedljive ili čak prevazilaze performanse modela koji su razvijeni za druge jezike.
In this dissertation several different phone duration models of the Serbainlanguage using appropriate machine learning algorithms were developed.The objective evaluation of the models obtained and their mutual comparisonbased on quantitative measures such as RMSE (root-mean-squared error),MAE (mean absolute error) and CC (correlation coefficient) were performed.The comparison of the models developed for the Serbian language with theperformances of the models developed for other languages is also carriedout. It was observed that the performances of the models developed in thisdissertation are comparable or even outperform the performances of themodels that have been developed for other languages.

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Smith-Heimbrock, Sydney E. "Preparing Federal Managers to Govern by Network: Analysis of Federal Training Efforts." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1306869331.

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Newe, Abigail Lucy. "Unearthing the molecular mechanisms that govern L-selectin-dependent adhesion and migration." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/unearthing-the-molecular-mechanisms-that-govern-lselectindependent-adhesion-and-migration(8f22370e-34b7-447f-98c2-dd1713036a84).html.

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L-selectin has been well characterised as a cell adhesion molecule, which plays a role in the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation and is responsible for the recirculation of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs. Recent evidence has shown that L-selectin also acts as a signalling molecule to activate pathways and regulate the inflammatory response. The cytosolic tail of L-selectin plays a crucial role in regulating its activity through its interaction with binding partners, such as calmodulin (CaM) and the ERM protein family. However, little is known about how the interaction between L-selectin and its binding partners is regulated. The aim of this multidisciplinary PhD project is to use biophysical and cell biological methods to address the role of the interaction between L-selectin and its binding partners during leukocyte recruitment. To this end, the interaction between CaM and the L-selectin cytosolic tail was assessed using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Analysis revealed that phosphorylation of serine residues within the cytosolic tail of L-selectin did not affect CaM binding. To enable the observation of the interaction between L-selectin and CaM whilst leukocytes are undergoing transendothelial migration (TEM), the THP-1 monocytic cell line was engineered to stably express L-selectin-GFP and CaM-RFP so their interaction could be monitored at different stages of TEM. The data showed that phosphorylation of serine 364 in the L-selectin tail is important for regulating CaM interaction. Discrepancies were identified between the biophysical and cell biological results, implying the leukocyte plasma membrane may play a vital role in regulating the interaction between L-selectin and CaM. This highlights the importance of studying transmembrane proteins in the correct context.

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Risques, Manel 1952. "El Govern Civil de Barcelona al segle XIX : desenvolupament institucional i acció política." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32196.

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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és l’anàlisi de la creació i el desenvolupament del Govern Civil de Barcelona entre els anys 1812 i 1868, període durant el qual es construeix l’Estat liberal. S’estudia la seva reglamentació jurídica i política, la funcionalitat de l’institució dins dels engranatges de l’Estat i la determinació de les seves competències. En aquest sentit, el treball es concentra en l’exercici de les competències d’ordre públic per part de l’autoritat civil i de quina manera, a partir d’aquesta base, s’estableix una relació de subordinació envers l’autoritat militar, fet que condicionarà el desenvolupament institucional de l’administració provincial de l’Estat. Un altre apartat de la tesi és integrat per l’anàlisi de com es produeix aquesta subordinació, a partir de la pràctica concreta de diversos governadors a les diverses etapes (1812-14, 1820-23, 1833-43 i 1844-68), on es pot veure quines són les implicacions que té aquesta situació.
El objetivo de la tesis es analizar la creación y desarrollo del gobierno civil de Barcelona durante el periodo 1812-1868, de creación del estado liberal: su reglamentación jurídica, política, su funcionalidad dentro del estado y la determinación de sus competencias. En este aspecto, el trabajo se centra en el ejercicio de las competencias de orden público por parte de la autoridad civil y cómo, a partir de aquí, se establece una relación de subordinación respecto de la autoridad militar que condicionara el desarrollo institucional de la administración provincial del Estado. El análisis de cómo se produce en la realidad esta subordinación integra el otro apartado de la tesis en el que, a partir de la práctica concreta de diversos gobernadores en las distintas etapas (1812-14, 1820-23, 1833-43 y 1844-68), se constata el contenido y las implicaciones que de la subordinación derivan.

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Alhussein, Nawras. "Investigation of the variables that govern user behaviors related to e-crime attacks." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79293.

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The users´ behaviors play an important role in securing information systems. At the same time, the users´ bad behaviors end-up in making them victims to e-crime attacks. To emphasize the positive side of users´ behaviors, the reasons for the bad behaviors must be investigated. In this research, e-crimes on users in Sweden were studied using the protection motivation theory and the theory of planned behavior in order to understand what variables govern the user behaviors. The information retrieved from the literature review and the web survey were used to answer the research question about which variables within the two used theories affect the user behaviors in connection to e-crimes. It turned out that perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, and user-efficacy have significant effect on the selected user behavior. Besides, the analysis of the results showed that IT/IS-knowledge is a determinant factor that affects all the variables of the protection motivation theory.

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Lee, Hung-En. "Give us a king to govern us : an ideological reading of 1Samuel 8-12." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17880.

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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to explore "who is saying what to whom for what purpose" in the text of 1 Samuel 8-12 through an analysis of the manifestations of ideology in this text. The emphasis of this thesis lies in the application of multiple methodologies in biblical interpretation with a view to (a) reconstructing the material and ideological conditions under which the biblical text was produced in order to determine which group produced the text and whose socioeconomic interests it served; and (b) investigating how these conditions are encoded in reproducing a particular ideology in order to determine how the texts incorporated the particular ideologies or interests of the time. The present research, for this reason, combines an extrinsic and an intrinsic analysis to read the world of 1 Samuel. The extrinsic analysis makes use of a social-historical and a social scientific approach to explore the particular circumstances. It indicates that the biblical writing should be regarded as conscious writing which aims to interpret historical incidents and construct specific ideologies. 1 Samuel 8-12 might therefore have been constructed by exilic groups to provide reasons for their difficult past. The intrinsic analysis makes use of narrative criticism, especially the theory of conflict plot, to do an in-depth investigation of the rhetoric of 1 Samuel 8-12. This analysis indicates that these chapters highlight the ambivalence of the monarchy, although the surface structure might tell a different story. The findings of the research have led to the conclusion that 1 Samuel 8-12 appears to present no clear position with regard to the future of the monarchy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel "wie sê wat vir wie, en met watter doel" in die teks van 1 Samuel 8-12. Dit word gedoen deur 'n analise te maak van hoe ideologie in hierdie teks manifesteer. Die klem van hierdie studie lê in die toepassing van verskillende metodologieë van bybelinterpretasie ten einde (a) die materiaal en ideologiese omstandighede waarin die bybelteks geproduseer is, te rekonstrueer, met die oog daarop om vas te stel wie die teks geproduseer het, en wie se belange daardeur gedien word; en (b) te ondersoek hoe hierdie omstandighede enkodeer is in die formulering van a spesifieke ideologie, ten einde te bepaal hoe die teks die betrokke ideologieë of belange van die tyd geïnkorporeer het. Om hierdie rede kombineer die studie 'n ekstrensieke en 'n intrensieke analise om die wêreld van 1 Samuel te lees. Die ekstrensieke analise gebruik 'n sosio-historiese en sosiaal-wetenskaplike benadering om die betrokke omstandighede na te vors. Hierdie benadering dui aan dat die bybelteks beskou kan word as 'n bewuste geskrif wat ten doel het om sekere historiese gebeure te interpreteer en om spesifieke ideologieë te konstrueer. 1 Samuel 8-12 is daarom moontlik gekonstrueer deur eksiliese groepe om verklarings vir hul moeilike verlede te gee. Die intrinsieke analise maak gebruik van narratiewe kritiek, veral die teorie van konflikplot, om 'n in-diepte studie te maak van die retoriek van 1 Samuel 8-12. Hierdie analise toon dat die betrokke hoofstukke die ambivalensie van die koningskap beklemtoon, hoewel die oppervlaktestruktuur moontlik 'n ander verhaal vertel. Die bevindings van hierdie navorsing lei dan tot die konklusie dat 1 Samuel 8-12 skynbaar geen duidelike posisie met betrekking tot die toekoms van die koningskap aanbied nie.

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Nikša, Jakovljević. "Primena retke reprezentacije na modelima Gausovih mešavina koji se koriste za automatsko prepoznavanje govora." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20131218JAKOVLJEVIC.

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U ovoj disertaciji je predstavljen model koji aproksimira pune kova-rijansne matrice u modelu gausovih mešavina (GMM) sa smanjenimbrojem parametara i izračunavanja koji su potrebni za izračunavanjeizglednosti. U predloženom modelu inverzne kovarijansne matrice suaproksimirane korišćenjem retke reprezentacije njihovih karakteri-stičnih vektora. Pored samog modela prikazan je i algoritam zaestimaciju parametara zasnovan na kriterijumu maksimizacijeizgeldnosti. Eksperimentalni rezultati na problemu prepoznavanjagovora su pokazali da predloženi model za isti nivo greške kao GMMsa upunim kovarijansnim, redukuje broj parametara za 45%.
This thesis proposes a model which approximates full covariance matrices inGaussian mixture models with a reduced number of parameters andcomputations required for likelihood evaluations. In the proposed modelinverse covariance (precision) matrices are approximated using sparselyrepresented eigenvectors. A maximum likelihood algorithm for parameterestimation and its practical implementation are presented. Experimentalresults on a speech recognition task show that while keeping the word errorrate close to the one obtained by GMMs with full covariance matrices, theproposed model can reduce the number of parameters by 45%.

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Edvin, Pakoci. "Uticaj morfoloških obeležja na modelovanje jezika primenom neuronskih mreža u sistemima za prepoznavanje govora." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=111244&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Automatsko prepoznavanje govora je tehnologija koja računarimaomogućava pretvaranje izgovorenih reči u tekst. Ona se možeprimeniti u mnogim savremenim sistemima koji uključuju komunikacijuizmeđu čoveka i mašine. U ovoj disertaciji detaljno je opisana jednaod dve glavne komponente sistema za prepoznavanje govora, a to jejezički model, koji specificira rečnik sistema, kao i pravila premakojim se pojedinačne reči mogu povezati u rečenicu. Srpski jezik spadau grupu visoko inflektivnih i morfološki bogatih jezika, što značida koristi veći broj različitih završetaka reči za izražavanježeljene gramatičke, sintaksičke ili semantičke funkcije date reči.Ovakvo ponašanje često dovodi do velikog broja grešaka sistema zaprepoznavanje govora kod kojih zbog dobrog akustičkog poklapanjaprepoznavač pogodi osnovni oblik reči, ali pogreši njen završetak.Taj završetak može da označava drugu morfološku kategoriju, naprimer, padež, rod ili broj. U radu je predstavljen novi alat zamodelovanje jezika, koji uz identitet reči u modelu može da koristidodatna leksička i morfološka obeležja reči, čime je testiranahipoteza da te dodatne informacije mogu pomoći u prevazilaženjuznačajnog broja grešaka prepoznavača koje su posledicainflektivnosti srpskog jezika.
Automatic speech recognition is a technology that allows computers toconvert spoken words into text. It can be applied in various areas whichinvolve communication between humans and machines. This thesis primarilydeals with one of two main components of speech recognition systems - thelanguage model, that specifies the vocabulary of the system, as well as therules by which individual words can be linked into sentences. The Serbianlanguage belongs to a group of highly inflective and morphologically richlanguages, which means that it uses a number of different word endings toexpress the desired grammatical, syntactic, or semantic function of the givenword. Such behavior often leads to a significant number of errors in speechrecognition systems where due to good acoustic matching the recognizercorrectly guesses the basic form of the word, but an error occurs in the wordending. This word ending may indicate a different morphological category, forexample, word case, grammatical gender, or grammatical number. Thethesis presents a new language modeling tool which, along with the wordidentity, can also model additional lexical and morphological features of theword, thus testing the hypothesis that this additional information can helpovercome a significant number of recognition errors that result from the highinflectivity of the Serbian language.

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Toldrà, Parés Montserrat. "La reina Maria, dona d’Alfons V el Magnànim: vida i obra de govern (1401-1458)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131131.

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La tesi tracta de la vida de la reina Maria, esposa del rei Alfons V, el Magnànim, rei d’Aragó, de Sicília i de Nàpols, en l’àmbit privat i en el públic. Va ser lloctinent general de la Corona d’Aragó, ja que el seu marit, instal•lat a Nàpols, va estar 30 anys absent dels territoris hispans. El primer capítol està dedicat al context històric per tal de ressaltar la mentalitat de l’època respecte a les dones, mitjançant un textos literaris. La misogínia és evident en alguns dels autors estudiats. Va viure en un temps de crisi i de transició, en les acaballes de l’Edat Mitjana i els inicis del Renaixement. Temps complexos i conflictius, de grans canvis, a Europa i als territoris hispans: guerres, bandositats nobiliàries, conflictes religiosos i revoltes camperoles, entre altres. Cap cronista particular va exaltar les seves qualitats i obres, com va ser el cas del seu marit. Malgrat ser poc coneguda, eclipsada per les gestes italianes d’Alfons, Maria va ser una dona amb molt poder, l’alter nos del rei. Va governar els seus territoris amb gran habilitat i un insubornable sentit de la justícia i del deure. En contrast amb la política militar del seu marit, dominadora i conqueridora, ella representa l’altra cara del poder polític reial: la recerca de la pau, la negociació i el pacte. Són els principis que ella va aplicar al govern del dia a dia en els territoris de la Corona d’Aragó. La meva investigació s’ha centrat, en especial, en el Principat de Catalunya, el territori més ric i poblat de la corona, ja que Maria en va ser la lloctinent general durant 25 anys. La reina va presidir 10 corts catalanes, analitzades en aquesta tesi. Dels processos s’han extret gran quantitat de dades sobre la situació política, econòmica i social del Principat, a més de notícies sobre la salut de la reina, ja que els metges havien de certificar el seu estat quan no podia assistir a les sessions de la Cort. Maria no va tenir fills. Alfons va reconèixer tres fills bastards. Això va ser una desgràcia per a la reina, malgrat que el rei sempre la va tractar d’esposa i lloctinent general fins a la seva mort. El distanciament sentimental i físic li van produir angoixa i tristesa, tot afectant la seva salut. Però va ser una dona molt forta, casta, de moral estricta i complidora del deure. Es tracten diversos aspectes quotidians de la cort de la reina: relacions amb les seves donzelles, dots i casaments; compres de robes, joies, perfums, llibres… Destaco la correspondència mantinguda amb altres dames, nobles i reines, amigues o familiars, monges i abadesses. La relació amb les ordes religioses femenines va ser molt intensa. Maria es preocupava que mantinguessin les regles i evitessin els escàndols i la relaxació. Va fundar un monestir, el de la Santíssima Trinitat de València, de monges menoretes, on hi va ser enterrada i encara s’hi conserven les seves restes. En resum, la reina Maria va ser una excel•lent governant en temps de crisi. Va defensar la pau i va resoldre molts conflictes a la Corona d’Aragó i entre Aragó i Castella. Va protegir les dones i els seus drets. Va ajudar a tots aquells que li demanaven ajuda, fins i tot als mes pobres i desvalguts Espero que la meva investigació serveixi a altres per conèixer millor la figura d’aquesta gran reina oblidada i els esdeveniments en els quals va ser protagonista.
The thesis deals about Queen Mary, wife of King Alfons V the Magnanimous, who reigned over Aragon, Sicily and Naples. It is a research on her public and private life. Mary lived between the late Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance. It was a time of trouble and big changes in all Europe. Wars, religious conflicts, peasants revolts, riots of nobility bands… In the first chapter I explore the historical background to understand the vision about women in that time. I have gathered some literary texts, some of whose authors show a clear misogyny. No writer celebrated the virtues and work of Queen Mary, as they did with her husband. Eclipsed by the achievements of King Alfonso, she is scarcely known, although she was endowed with great power, the alter nos of the King. She ruled as regent the territories of Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia with skill and an uncompromising sense of justice and duty. Contrasting with the domineering military policy of her husband, she represents the other side of royal power. She exercised diplomacy and she always looked for peace and compromise. Mary had no children, but Alfonso recognized three bastards. The physical and emotional distance with her husband caused the queen a lot of suffering and distress, and ruined her health. However, she was a strong character, loyal, devoted to the Crown affairs and with a high sense of moral and duty. In the thesis I also reveal some daily affairs of the queen’s court. I focus on her friendship and correspondence with ladies, queens, nuns and abbesses. She founded a monastery, Santissima Trinitat in Valencia, where she was buried. Queen Mary was an excellent ruler in times of trouble. She was a defender of peace and she solved many conflicts in Aragon and Castilla. She was a protector of women and their rights. She helped anybody who came her to ask for help, even the poor and the dispossessed. I hope my research may be helpful for anyone who wants to know better this great and forgotten queen and the events of which she was a protagonist.

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Batalla, i. Galimany Ramon. "Jaume Miravitlles i Navarra. Intel.lectual, revolucionari i home de govern. Els anys joves, 1906-1939." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32060.

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És una recerca biogràfica sobre el polític i periodista Jaume Miravitlles i Navarra (1906-1988). Degut a la intensitat i duració de la seva activitat política i cultural, la tesi estudia només els anys joves, des del seu naixement a Figueres el 1906 fins al seu exili de 1939, però l’autor ja està treballant en la segona part de la biografia. Jaume Miravitlles va intervenir des de molt jove en política, per a la qual tenia grans qualitats com a orador, analista i escriptor. Encara a l’adolescència, va participar en la creació d’un dels primers nuclis catalans de simpatitzants de la revolució russa, el Grup Socialista de Figueres. Després es va moure en els ambients del nacionalisme català insurreccional (complot de Garraf, fets de Prats de Molló), el que li va comportar el ser detingut, sotmès a consell de guerra i haver-se d’exiliar a París, on va viure de 1925 a 1930. Allà va començar la seva carrera d’articulista, tant sobre política, especialment internacional, com sobre cultura. Amb la República va tornar a Catalunya, on va ser un dels dirigents del comunista Bloc Obrer i Camperol (BOC). En va ser un dels principals propagandistes i candidats electorals. El 1934, a partir del fracàs del BOC i de la seva anàlisi sobre l’ascens del nazisme, va deixar un partit de classe com el BOC per a entrar a la interclassista Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, on també desenvolupà una activitat frenètica de mítings i publicacions. De 1934 a 1936, com a professor de l’Escola de Treball de Barcelona, va presidir l’Associació de Funcionaris de la Generalitat de Catalunya. El 1936 va ser un dels organitzadors de la frustrada Olimpíada Popular. Iniciada la guerra civil espanyola, com a home de confiança de Lluís Companys i Josep Tarradellas, va intervenir, primer, en el Comitè de Milícies Antifeixistes i després dirigí el que probablement va ser el millor instrument de comunicació de la zona republicana, el Comissariat de Propaganda de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Durant la guerra, més que el revolucionari que havia estat fins el moment, trobem l’home de govern. És el seu moment més brillant, quan coordinà amb eficàcia un equip d’escriptors, fotògrafs, tècnics de cinema, dibuixants, dissenyadors, etc... El Comissariat utilitzà de forma innovadora tots els mitjans a l’abast, dels més tradicionals (cartells, llibres, revistes,...) als més moderns (fotografia, cinema, ràdio) per difondre internacionalment els punts de vista del Govern català i de la República. En aquesta tesi s’estudien, doncs, els anys de formació, de joventut i la primera maduresa de Jaume Miravitlles. Està estructurada en un capítol introductori, sis capítols que tracten la seva vida i obra seguint un ordre cronològico-geogràfic (Figueres, Barcelona, París, Barcelona) i en un setè de conclusions. Les fonts utilitzades són molt diverses, però les principals són els molts articles i llibres publicats pel biografiat, així com textos inèdits seus, la seva correspondència i les moltes referències que sobre la seva persona es troben disperses en molts llibres de memòries, dietaris o en la correspondència dels seus coetanis. També s’ha entrevistat els seus fills i altres persones que el van conèixer. L’estudi descriu la seva evolució personal i la seva activitat i pensament polític, que girà sempre entorn de dues idees: catalanisme i justícia social (vista inicialment des del marxisme i després des del liberalisme). També es confronten els seus nombrosos escrits autobiogràfics amb la realitat de la seva vida, demostrant un cop més que no es pot confondre memòria amb història. I alhora s’entra també en el context, l’època, el món que l’envoltava. No només com un teló de fons de la seva activitat, sinó que s’intenta que l’anàlisi de les seves propostes i activitats, a més de descriure la seva trajectòria, aporti reflexions que també siguin útils per entendre qüestions com el catalanisme insurreccional dels anys vint, l’exili parisenc (molt important per donar-li una visió àmplia de les qüestions), l’ascens dels feixismes a Europa o la Catalunya autònoma i republicana dels anys trenta, especialment en els convulsos anys de la guerra civil.
This is a biographical research about the politician and journalist Jaume Miravitlles i Navarra (1906-1988). Due to the intensity and duration of his political and cultural activity, this thesis studies only the young years, from his birth in Figueres in 1906 until his exile in 1939, but the author is already working in the second part of the biography. Jaume Miravitlles got involved in politics from a very young age. He had great qualities as an orator, an analyst and a writer. When he was still an adolescent, he participated in the creation of one of the first Catalan groups of sympathizers of the Russian revolution, the Socialist Group of Figueres. Afterwards he found his way into the insurrectionary Catalan nationalism (plot of Garraf, facts of Prats de Molló). As a result of these activities he was arrested, subjected to court-martial and had to exile himself in Paris, where he lived from 1925 to 1930. There his career as a columnist started. He wrote about politics, specially about the international branch, and also about culture. With the Republic he came back to Catalonia, where he was one of the leaders of the communist Working and Peasant Block (Bloc Obrer i Camperol). In this party he was one of the main propagandists and electoral candidates. In 1934, because of the failure of the Bloc Obrer i Camperol and of his analysis about the rise of the Nazism, he left a party of class like the Bloc Obrer i Camperol to join the Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya), an interclassist party, where he also developed a frantic activity of meetings and publications. From 1934 to 1936, as a teacher of the School of Work of Barcelona, the became the president of the Association of Civil Servants of the Generalitat of Catalonia. In 1936 he was one of the organizers of the frustrated Popular Olympiad. During the Spanish Civil War he was a very close man of Lluís Companys and Josep Tarradellas. He got involved, first, in the Committee of Antifascist Militias and afterwards he directed the Commissariat of Advertising (Comissariat de Propaganda) of the Generalitat of Catalonia, which was probably the best means of communication in the republican zone. During the war, more than the revolutionary that he had been until the moment, we find the man of government. This is his most brilliant moment, as he coordinated with efficiency a team of writers, photographers, cinema technicians, graphic designers, etc. The Commissariat used, in an innovative way, all the means within reach, from the most traditional ones (posters, magazines, books...), to the most modern ones (photography, cinema, radio) to spread internationally the points of view of the Catalan Governement and of the Republic. In this thesis we study in depth, then, trainings years, of youth and the first maturity of Jaume Miravitlles. It is structured into an introductory chapter, six chapters that deal with his life and work following a chronological and geographic order (Figueres, Barcelona, Paris, Barcelona) and a seventh one devoted to the conclusions. The main sources used are the many articles and books published by Miravitlles, as well as other unpublished works of his, his correspondence and the many references about him that are disperse in many books of memories, diaries or in the correspondence of his contemporaries. His sons and other people who knew him have also been interviewed. The study describes his personal evolution, his activity and political thought, which always turned on two ideas: catalanism and social justice (seen initially from marxism and afterwards from liberalism). His numerous autobiographical writings are also confronted with the reality of his life, demonstrating once again that memory can not be confused with history. And at the same time this thesis shows also the context, the period, the world that surrounded him. Not only like a backdrop of his activity, but also like a way to think about the insurrectionary catalanism of the twenties, the Parisian exile (very important to give him an extense vision of the questions), the rise of the fascism in Europe or the autonomous and republican Catalonia of the thirties, especially in the convulsed years of the civil war.

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Castro, Donald S. "The development and politics of Argentine immigration policy, 1852-1914 : to govern is to populate /." San Francisco : Mellen research university press, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35695877z.

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42

Souza, Camila Carbornar de. "#Govegan : veganismo, vegetarianismo e dever moral nos enquadramentos da mobilização pelos direitos animais no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/44259.

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Orientador: Profª. Drª. Kelly Prudencio
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Artes, Comunicação e Design, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação. Defesa: Curitiba, 30/03/2016
Inclui referências : f. 145-160
Àrea de concentração: Comunicação e sociedade
Resumo: Os grupos dos direitos animais no Brasil têm se deparado com um problema de comunicação: como estabelecer um debate sobre a abolição animal pelo fim do status de propriedade a que os animais são submetido. A abolição culmina no veganismo que passa a ser defendido a partir de um eixo moral - a condição dos animais como seres que sentem dor conscientemente (senciência). São 25 os grupos mapeados com esse viés no Brasil, sendo que a concentração está no eixo sudeste-sul. O objeto da pesquisa é a comunicação pelos enquadramentos desses grupos, na apresentação pública para a mobilização e o reconhecimento. A pesquisa parte da teoria da mobilização política para se chegar ao problema: como o movimento dos direitos animais mobiliza seus quadros - atividade estratégica de comunicação - para direcionar o debate público sobre a abolição animal? O objetivo principal da pesquisa é verificar como os grupos do MDA direcionam interpretativamente o debate através do enquadramento. A metodologia empregada é a análise de alinhamento de quadros. 5 grupos foram selecionados a partir do critério de atuação em mais de uma cidade. O corpus de análise é composto pelos sites e pelos perfis no Facebook dos 5 grupos, o que permite evidenciar como se dá a mobilização nesses espaços. Como resultados da pesquisa, pode ser observado que o debate tem teor especializado, que há controvérsia interna sobre como alcançar a abolição, que adjacente à mobilização pela causa e à busca do reconhecimento dos direitos animais, há a luta por reconhecimento dos veganos e, por fim, que os grupos fazem basicamente o processo de frame amplification, difundindo o dissenso interno em relação à causa animal, sem grandes alterações dos quadros de diagnóstico e prognóstico. Palavras-chave: Movimento dos direitos animais; Comunicação política; Enquadramento; Reconhecimento.
Abstract: Animal rights groups in Brazil have faced a communication problem: how to establish a debate on animal abolition for the end of the ownership status to which animals are subjected. The abolition culminates in veganism, which happens to be defended from a moral axis - the condition of the animals as beings that feel pain consciously (sentience). 25 are mapped groups with this bias in Brazil, and the concentration is in the south-southeast axis. The object of the research is communication by frameworks of these groups, in public presentation to the mobilization and recognition. The research starts of the theory of political mobilization to get to the problem: how animal rights movement mobilizes its framesworks - strategic activity of communication - to drive the public debate on animal abolition? The main objective of the research is to see how the MDA groups direct interpretively the debate through the frame. The methodology is the frame-alignment analysis. 5 groups were selected according to the criterion of being present in more than one town. The analysis corpus is composed of the sites and the Facebook profiles of the 5 groups, which makes it plain how is the mobilization in these spaces. As search results, could be observed that the debate about the cause has specialized content, that there is internal controversy on how to achieve the abolition, that adjacent to the mobilization for the cause and the pursuit of recognition of animal rights, there is the struggle for recognition of vegans and, finally, the groups do essentially the frame amplification process, spreading the internal dissensus on the animals concerned, with no major changes in the diagnostic frames and prognostic frame. Palavras-chave: Animal rights movement; Political communication; Framework; Recognition.

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Dana, K. O. (Kathleen Osgood). "Áillohaš the Shaman-Poet and his Govadas-Image Drum:a Literary Ecology of Nils-Aslak Valkeapää." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514269446.

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Abstract Beaivi, Áhcážan (English, The Sun, My Father) is a complex, multidimensional work of poetry and art. The creator of this work, Sámi artist and poet, Nils-Aslak Valkeapää originally conceived of the work as a govadas-image drum, capable of conveying the totality of Sámi (earlier, Lapp) worldviews in its pages. Comprising 571 images and photos, and accompanied by a soundtrack of the poems, along with yoiks and natural sound, the work contains personal, seasonal, cultural, and cosmic cycles. The photos, from Western archives worldwide, comprise a kind of Sámi family album, while the Western translations without photographs serve more as guides to the Sámi original. In the absence of a strong Sámi literary cultural tradition, this researcher turned to the emerging theory of literary ecology to help interpret the work. Literary ecology uses an understanding of human-natural relationships to illuminate an understanding of literature in its overall cultural and natural context. While Sámi literature has been collected for centuries by Lappologists, Sámi scholars are only now beginning to create critical theories with which to interpret authored, creative literature. An examination of how nature has been used in the researcher's native New England — particularly nature writer Henry David Thoreau and nature poet Robert Frost — was used to establish the Western approaches to nature and culture. Native American literature, which is slightly in advance of Sámi literature in its native literary criticism — particularly poet-novelist Leslie Marmon Silko and poet-critic Paula Gunn Allen — provides another angle of vision with which to read Beaivi, Áhcážan. Following Nils-Aslak Valkeapää's lead in his theoretical and critical essay, "The Sun, the Thunder, the Fires of Heaven," this study also considers Sámi literature as part of a larger northern, native tradition. In distinct contrast to Western nature traditions, which see nature as apart from culture, Sámi native traditions see nature as a part of culture. Nils-Aslak Valkeapää has deliberately constructed Beaivi, Áhčážan as a shaman drum, and the shaman-poet deliberately uses the images on that drum as ways to interpret the past, the present and the future. In contrast to Robert Frost, who constructs his images and meanings through metaphorical association, Valkeapää constructs his meanings through metonymical attachment. These linguistic constructions are reflected further in the worldviews of both traditions. In the Western tradition, the wild sublime is seen as a site of transcendence, a way of achieving the immanent Godhead, while in the native tradition the same landscape serves as home and kin. The sun IS father, and spring IS sister. Despite the seeming simplicity of this perception, Nils-Aslak Valkeapää confirms its elegant complexity in a work of great creativity and subtle concealment
Tiivistelmä Beaivi, Áhčážan (englanniksi, The Sun, My Father; suomeksi, Aurinko, isäni) on moninainen, moniulotteinen runo- ja taideteos. Sen luoja, saamelainen taiteilija ja runoilija Nils-Aslak Valkeapää teki tämän työn kuvahiseksi, jonka sisältö piirtää esiin saamelaisten maailmankuvan. Saamelainen teos sisältää 571 kuvaa ja runoa sekä kasetin, jossa runot, joiut ja luonnonäänet kuuluvat. Teoksessa on henkilökohtaiset, ajalliset, kulttuuriset ja kosmiset syklinsä. Valokuvat maailman arkistoista luovat saamelaisen perhevalokuvakirjan. Läntiset käännökset ovat vailla valokuvia ja toimivat enimmäkseen oppaina saamelaiseen alkuperäisteokseen. Vahvan saamelaisen kaunokirjallisen perinteen puuttueessa tukeuduin uuteen teoriaan, kaunokirjalliseen ekologiaan. Keskeistä kaunokirjallisessa ekologiassa on ihminen-luontosuhde, joka valaisee kaunokirjallisuutta kulttuurisessa ja luonnollisessa yhteydessään. Lappologien keräämää saamelaista kirjallisuutta on ollut jo pitkään, mutta vasta nyt saamelaiset ovat luomassa omaa teoreettista viitekehysään kirjallisuutensa analysoimeen. Perehtyminen siihen, miten luontoa käytetään Uudessa Englannissa — varsinkin luontokirjailija Henry David Thoreaun ja runoilija Robert Frostin teoksissa — auttoi minua perehtymään luontoon ja kulttuuriin liittyviin läntisiin näkökulmiin. Amerikan intiaanien kaunokirjallisuus, joka on hieman saamelaisten estetiikkaa kehittyneempi — varsinkin runoilija-romaanikirjailija Leslie Marmon Silko ja runoilija-kritiikko Paula Gunn Allen — antoi uuden näkökulman siihen, miten suhtautua teokseen Beaivi, Áhčážan. Kirjoitelmassaan "Aurinko, ukkonen, taivaantulet," Nils-Aslak Valkeapää itse olettaa, että saamelainen kaunokirjallisuus kuuluu myös laajempaan pohjoiseen alkuperäiskansojen perinteeseen. Kun läntisessä luonnonperinteessä luonto on kulttuurista erillään, saamelaisessa ja muissa alkuperäisperinteissä luonto ONkin kulttuuri. Nils-Aslak Valkeapää on tarkoituksella rakentanut Beaivi, Áhčážan šamaanin kuvahiseksi ja lukee šamaanirunoilijana tietoisesti kuvahisen kuviota ymmärtääkseen menneisyyttä, nykyisyyttä, ja tulevaisuutta. Robert Frost rakentaa kuvioita ja merkityksiä metaforilla, kun taas Valkeapää rakentaa niitä kuvilla. Nämä kahdenlaiset rakenteet heijastuvat myös Valkeapään ja Frostin maailmankuvissa. Läntisessä perinteessä maiseman uljauden kautta voi siirtyä tuonpuoleiseen, jossa jumala on havaittavissa, mutta alkuperäiskansojen perinteessä sama maisema on sekä koti että suku. Aurinko ON isä, ja kevät ON sisar. Tämän havainnon yksinkertaisuudesta huolimatta Nils-Aslak Valkeapää vahvistaa sen hienon moninaisuuden luovassa ja syvällisessä teoksessaan
Čohkkáigeassu Beaivi, áhčážan (eŋgelasgillii The Sun, My Father; suomagillii Aurinko, isäni) lea máŋggabealát, máŋggaolat dikta- ja dáiddagirji. Dan lea ráhkadan sámi dáiddár ja diktačálli Áillohaš, Nils-Aslak Valkeapää. Son dagai dán duoji govadassan, man siiddut sisttisdollet sámi máilmmeoainnu. Dát sámi girji sisttisdoallá 571 gova ja divtta sihke kaseahta, mas gullojit divttat, luođit ja luonddujienat. Girjjis leat peršovnnalaš, áiggálaš, kultuvrralaš ja kosmihkalaš gearddit. Čuovgagovat, mat leat čoggojuvvon máilmmi arkiivain, dahket das sámiid bearašgovvagirjji, muhto oarjemáilmmigielat jorgalusain eai leat čuovgagovat ja dat leatge eanaš ofelažžat sámegielat girjái. Go nana sápmelaš čáppagirjjálaš árbevierru váilu, ráhkaduvvui veahkkin ođđa teoriija, čáppagirjjálaš ekologiija. Guovddážis čáppagirjjálaš ekologiijas lea olmmoš-luondu — gaskavuohta, mii čilge čáppagirjjálašvuođa kultuvrra ja luonddu oktavuođas. Lappologat leat juo guhká čoaggán sámi njálmmalaš girjjálašvuođa, muhto easkka dál sámit ieža ráhkadit iežaset teorehtalaš kritihkaid, maiguin sáhttet analyseret iežaset girjjálašvuođa. Dat ahte oahpásmuvai dasa, mot geavahit luonddu dutki ruoktoguovllus Ođđa Englánddas, Amerihkás — erenoamážit luonddugirječálli Henry David Thoreau` ja diktačálli Robert Frost'a girjjiin — veahkehii dutki beassat sisa oarjemáilmmi oainnuide luonddus ja kultuvrras. Amerihká indiánaid čáppagirjjálašvuohta, man sii ieža leat teoretiseren veháš guhkkelebbui go sámit — erenoamážit diktačálli, románagirječálli Leslie Marmon Silko ja diktačálli-kritihkar Paula Gunn Allen — attii ođđa oainnu dasa, mot gieđahallat girjji Beaivi, áhčážan. Čállagisttis Beaivi, "terbmes, almmidolat" Nils-Aslak Valkeapää ieš navdá, ahte sápmelaš čáppagirjjálašvuohta gullá maiddái viidát davvi, álgoálbmogiid árbevirrui. Go oarjemáilmmi luondduárbevierus luondu ja kultuvra leat sierra, sámi ja eará álgoálgosaš árbevieruin luondu LEA kultuvra. Nils-Aslak Valkeapää lea eaktodáhtos ráhkadan Beaivi, áhčažan`a noaiddi govadassan ja noaidediktačálli lohká eaktodáhtos govadasa govvosiid vai áddešii doložiid, dálážiid ja boahtteáiggi. Robert Frost ráhkada metaforaiguin govvosiid ja mearkkašumiid, go Valkeapää nuppe gežiid ráhkada govain merkkašumiid. Dát guovttelágan ráhkadusat vuhttojit maiddái guktuin máilmmioainnuin. Oarjemáilmmi árbevierus ebmos, villa meahcci lea das, gos mannet ráji rastá duon ilbmásii, doppe gos ipmil lea lahka ja oidnosis, vaikko álgoálgosaš árbevierus seamma eana lea ruoktu ja sohka. Beaivi LEA áhčči, giđđa LEA oabbá. Vaikko dát fuobmášupmi lea áibbas ovttageardán, Nils-Aslak Valkeapää nanne fiinna máŋggaláganvuođa dán kreatiiva ja čiekŋalis girjjis

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Frígols, Fernández Joan. "El rol del govern de la Ciutat: autoritat, col·laboració i discurs. Anàlisi dels casos de Barcelona i Bilbao durant el període democràtic i els cicles dels mandats 2007-2011/2011-2015." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289629.

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Durant les darreres dècades s'han produït importants transformacions que influeixen en la forma de governar les ciutats i que introdueixen nous reptes per als seus equips de govern. D'una banda, trobem la tendència a que el poder es dilueixi, i per tant, a que la capacitat d'actuar de manera autònoma dels equips de govern sigui menor. D'altra banda, en un món fortament interconnectat la ciutat es configura com una arena política clau: és on realment passen les coses. Aquest fet afegeix pressió política a uns governs locals que experimenten una situació paradigmàtica ja que, al mateix temps que es qüestiona la seva capacitat per abordar les problemàtiques urbanes, també se’ls demana major capacitat de reacció en un context de canvi constant. Aquests elements semblen requerir un replantejament en la manera en com governen els equips polítics i directius situats al capdavant dels governs locals. De fet, Espanya es troba en una situació de profund debat sobre la reforma dels governs locals en el marc d’una crisi econòmica que ha posat en entredit molts dels pilars de l’actual arquitectura institucional. Aquest debat pot acabar donant lloc a una agenda de reformes que limiti el rol dels governs locals mitjançant l’adopció de formes tecnocràtiques de govern. Donada aquesta realitat apareixen dos possibles posicionaments pel que fa a la recerca acadèmica sobre govern local. Un posicionament podria ser el d’acceptar aquesta tendència a menystenir els governs locals i interioritzar l’agenda de reformes tecnocràtiques associada. Per contra, un segon posicionament passa per considerar que aquesta situació pot ser qüestionada a nivell analític i empíric i que, per tant, continua essent rellevant el seu estudi com actors clau en la governança urbana. Aquesta tesi s’ubica dins d’aquest segon posicionament i, més concretament, en primer lloc se centra en corroborar si el govern local ha estat rellevant en els processos de transformació de les ciutats. En segon lloc, analitza la relació durant l’etapa democràtica entre el rol adoptat pels equips de govern locals i un dels elements centrals en la gestió del procés de govern, és a dir, l’impuls del seu projecte de govern. Més concretament, una vegada demostrada la rellevància del govern local en els processos de transformació de les ciutats, es planteja la hipòtesi que els equips de govern impulsaran amb èxit el seu projecte de govern si adopten el que s’ha definit en aquesta tesi com a “rol de líder polític de xarxes”, que equilibra el lideratge vertical, les dinàmiques relacionals i la dimensió discursiva. En darrer lloc, la tesi incideix en els efectes de les dinàmiques actuals de gestió dels cicles de mandat (molt condicionats pels efectes de la crisi econòmica) en la relació entre el rol adoptat per l’equip de govern i la seva la capacitat d’impuls del projecte de govern En definitiva, aquesta tesi contribueix al debat sobre la rellevància dels governs locals i, per tant, sobre la necessitat de mantenir-los en el focus d’anàlisi en l’àmbit de la recerca sobre governança urbana. Però, a més, també incideix en el debat sobre la reforma dels governs locals centrant-se en els aspectes referents al rol desenvolupat pels equips de govern que se situen al seu capdavant. Finalment, cal destacar que aquesta recerca planteja tres contribucions metodològiques originals: a) un model d’anàlisi dels rols dels equips de govern local, b) un model d’anàlisi de l’èxit / fracàs en l’impuls del projecte de govern i c) un model d’anàlisi del cicle del mandat.
Throughout the past decades there have been important transformations that influence the way cities are governed. These transformations are generating new challenges for the city government teams. On the one hand, there's a trend of diluting power, which means reducing the government's capacity to work in an autonomous way. On the other hand, in a world that is strongly interconnected the city positions itself as a key political arena: it's where things really happen. This fact adds political pressure to local governments that experience a paradigmatical situation since, at the same time that their capacity to take on urban problems is questioned, they are also asked to increase their fast-response capabilities in a context of constant change. These elements seem to require us to rethink the way local government political teams and top directors govern. In fact, Spain is in a situation of deep debate in regards to local government reform during an economic crisis that has brought some doubts on the pillars of the current institutional architecture. This debate can end up giving a setting for a reform agenda that limits the role of local government through the adoption of technocratic forms of government. Given this reality there are two possible positions in reference to the academic research on local government. A position could be that of accepting this trend of underestimating local governments and internalize the associated agenda of technocratic reforms. Meanwhile, the second position would consider that this situation can be questioned in an analytical and empirical level and, therefore, its research as key players in urban governance continues to be relevant. This thesis falls on that second position and, more specifically, it first focuses in corroborating whether or not the local government has been relevant in the transformation processes of cities. Second, the thesis analyzes the relationship throughout the democratic period between the role adopted by the local government teams and one of the main elements in the management of the government process, meaning, the promotion of their governmental project. More specifically, once the relevancy of the local government in the transformation of cities is demonstrated, the hypothesis presented is that government teams will successfully promote their government project if they adopt what was defined in this theses as “the role of the network political leader,” that balances the vertical leadership, the relational dynamics and the discursive dimension. Finally, the thesis influences in the effects of the current management dynamics of the mandate cycles (very conditioned because of the effects of the economic crisis) in the relationship between the role adopted by the government team and its capacity to promote the governmental project. In summary, this thesis contributes to the debate regarding the relevance of local governments and the need to keep them at the focus of analysis in the urban governance research field. Nonetheless, it also influences in the debate around reforming local governments and more specifically on the role developed by the government teams that are in the frontlines. Finally, it must be highlighted that this investigation presents three original methodological contributions: a) an analysis model of the roles of local government teams, b) an analysis model of the success/failure in promoting the governmental project and c) an analysis model of the mandate cycle.

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Srđan, Stojanović. "KVALITET MESA I MLEKA PODOLSKOG GOVEČETA." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2013. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95433&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Prema postavljenom cilju istraživanja, ispitivani su kvalitet mesa i mlekapodolskog govečeta u Republici Srbiji.Ispitivanjem je ukupno bilo obuhvaćeno 23 grla, od kojih 12 krava i 11muških junadi na lokaciji u Bačkoj Topoli.Utvrđena prosečna telesna masa muške junadi podolske rase, koja sukorišćena u ovom istraživanju iznosila je 445,91 kg, sa prosečnim randmanomprimarne obrade od 53,64 %.4Masa glave bez rogova u proseku je bila 12,11 kg, a masa kože je iznosila39,27 kg. Prosečna masa unutrašnjih organa iznosila je: bubrezi sa lojem 4,02 kg,jetra 5,00 kg, srce 1,76 kg, pluća 4,88 kg i slezina 0,86 kg. Utvrđena je prosečnamasa leve polutke od 121,68 kg, a desne polutke od 120,71 kg.Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MLD u proseku subile: L*-svetloća 34,61, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,18, b*-udeo žute boje 6,54, kalokuvanja 44,30 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 5,52 (cm2). U proseku, sadržaj vodeje iznosio 75,43 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,57 %, sadržaj proteina 21,32 %,sadržaj ukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,90 %. Utvrđenavrednost sadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 1,43 %, dok je sadržajhidroksi prolina bio 0,05 %.Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MSM u proseku subile: L*-svetloća 35,41, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,84, b*-udeo žute boje 6,64, kalokuvanja 46,46 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 7,30. U proseku, sadržaj vode jeiznosio 75,68 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,32 %, sadržaj proteina 21,02 %, sadržajukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,82 %. Utvrđena vrednostsadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 0,47 %, dok je sadržaj hidroksiprolina bio 0,06 %.Ispitivanjem senzornih osobina kod MLD i MSM utvrđeno je sledeće:Intezitet boje MLD iznosio je 4,1, a MSM 4,0. Prosečna vrednost teksture MLDiznosila je 4,3, a MSM 4,1. Mramoriranost MLD u proseku je iznosila 4,0, a kodMSM 4,3. Utvrđena prosečna vrednost nežnosti MLD iznosila je 4,4, a kod MSM5,3. Sočnost kod MLD u proseku je iznosila 5,1, a kod MSM 4,7.Ispitivanjem osobina mlečnosti ustanovljeno je, da je prosečno trajanjelaktacije iznosilo 152 dana, prinos mleka u proseku je bio 988,00 kg, sadržajmlečne masti 4,24 %, a sadržaj proteina 3,99 %. Poređenjem osobina mlečnostiizmeđu prvotelki i starijih krava utvrđeno je, da je prosečno trajanje laktacije kodprvotelki iznosilo 148 dana, a kod starijih krava 156 dana, količina mleka kodprvotelki u laktaciji iznosila je 907 kg, a kod starijih krava 1.056 kg. Sadržajmlečne masti kod prvotelki iznosio je 4,23 %, a kod starijih krava 4,25 %, dok jesadržaj proteina u mleku kod prvotelki iznosio 3,94 %, a kod starijih krava 4,04 %.Prosečne vrednosti svih ispitivanih osobina mlečnosti između prvotelki istarijih krava nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale (p>0,05).
Towards the objectives of research, we examine the quality of meat and milkof Podolian cattle in the Republic of Serbia.The study included a total of 23 animals, of which 12 cows and 11 steers atthe location in Bačka Topola.Determined by the average body weight of steers the podolian breed, whichwere used in this study was 445,91 kg, with an average dressing percentage ofprimary treatment of 53,64 %.8The mass of the head without the horns, the average was 12,11 kg, a mass ofskin was 39,27 kg. The average weight of internal organs were: kidney with fat4,02 kg, liver 5,00 kg, heart 1,76 kg, lungs 4,88 kg, and spleen 0,86 kg. Determinethe average mass of the left carcass of 121,68 kg, and the right carcass of 120,71kg.The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were:L*-lightness 34,61, part of a*-red color 20,18, part of b*-yellow color 6,54,cooking loss 44,30 % and water holding 5,52. On average, the water content was75,43 %, total solids content of 24,57 %, protein content 21,32 %, ash content 1,09%, and free fat content of 1,90 %. The determined value of the connective tissueaveraged 1,43 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,05 %.The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were:L*-lightness 35,41, part of a*-red color 20,84, part of b*-yellow color 6,64,cooking loss 46,46 % and water holding 7,30. On average, the water content was75,68 %, total solids content of 24,32 %, protein content 21,02 %, ash content 1,09%, and free fat content of 1,82 %. The determined value of the connective tissueaveraged 0,47 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,06 %.By examining the sensory properties of the MLD and the MSM has shownthe following: Intensity of color MLD was 4,1 and 4,0 of MSM. The average valueof the texture MLD was 4,3 and 4,1 of MSM. Marbling MLD averaged 4,0 and 4,3for MSM. The determined average value of tenderness MLD was 4,4 and 5,3 forMSM. Juiciness of MLD averaged a 5,1 in MSM 4,7.The examination of milk traits were found that the average duration oflactation period was 152 days, milk yield on average was 988,00 kg, milk fatcontent 4,24 % and 3,99 % protein content. Comparison of milk production traitsbetween primiparas and older cows showed that the average duration of lactationin primiparas amounted to 148 days, and for older cows 156 days, the amount ofmilk in lactating primiparas was 907 kg, and for older cows 1.056 kg. Milk fatcontent at first calving was 4,23 % and 4,25 % of older cows, while milk proteincontent at first calving was 3,94 % and 4,04 % of older cows.The average values of all the traits of milk production between primiparasand older cows were not significant (p> 0.05).

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Ballbé, i. Sans Neus. "Francisco Solanes: teoria política i pràctica de govern a Nàpols durant el virregnat austríac (1707-1734)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404616.

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Francisco Solanes fou un dels màxims exponents del cos de juristes catalans que, a cavall dels segles XVII i XVIII i, sobretot, en el context de la guerra de Successió, vetllà pel manteniment de l’ordenament jurídic propi del Principat de Catalunya. Enviat a Nàpols com a agent de l’arxiduc Carles d’Àustria tot just conquerit el regne, continuà la seva carrera judicial i política en terres italianes, mostrant sempre una fidelitat absoluta als dos principis que van marcar la seva carrera: l’escrupolosa observança del dret i la fidelitat al príncep, que ja havia posat a bastament de manifest en la seva teoria política, exposada a El Emperador político y política de emperadores. La seva carrera institucional, desenvolupada en dues circumstàncies polítiques ben diferents, permet analitzar una trajectòria coherent i de conviccions fermes, reflex d’una generació de juristes compromesos amb els principis de la justícia, del bé comú i del compliment de la llei.
Francisco Solanes fu uno dei massimi esponenti del corpo di giuristi catalani che, tra Seicento e Settecento e, soprattutto nel contesto della guerra di Successione, veglió per il mantenimento de l’ordine giuridico proprio del Principato della Catalogna. Inviato a Napoli come agente dell’arciduca Carlo d’Austria appena conquistato il regno, continuo la sua carriera giuridica e política in terre italiane, mostrando sempre assoluta fedeltà ai due principi che segnarono la sua carriera: lo scrupoloso rispetto del diritto e la fedeltà al principe, come aveva già reso manifesto nella sua teoria política, esposta nell’opera El Emperador político y política de emperadores. La carriera istituzionale del Solanes, sviluppata in due circostanze politiche assai diverse, permette analizzare un percorso coerente e di ferme convizioni, riflesso di una generazione di giuristi legati con i principi giuridici della giustizia, il bene comune e il compimento della legge.

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47

Ekelund, Christer. "How to govern relationships and established commitments : a study of standardized products in mature industrial market /." København, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/360390986.pdf.

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Dana, Kathleen Osgood. "Áillohaš the shaman-poet and his govadas-image drum : a literary ecology of Nils-Aslak Valkeapää /." Oulu : Oulun yliopisto, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390354801.

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49

Gatnarek, Heather Lynn. "The People Shall Govern: The Importance of Nonviolence in the Struggle against Apartheid in South Africa." Thesis, Boston College, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/391.

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Thesis advisor: Charles Derber
The institution of apartheid (or official segregation), implemented in South Africa in 1948, drew immediate and prolonged opposition. For decades, groups within South Africa and in countries around the world protested government policies and repression. Many anti-apartheid activists expressed their objections to the system of apartheid through expressly nonviolent actions, including strikes, boycotts, demonstrations, and the formation of alternative institutions. Opponents of apartheid also garnered support from the international community to pressure the South African government with sanctions and embargoes. At the same time, several groups of anti-apartheid activists chose to resort to violent means to protest the government. These acts of violence included sabotage and, occasionally, the deaths of government officials or collaborators. This paper examines historical and contemporary theories of the morality and effectiveness of nonviolent action. After studying the history of the struggle against apartheid and the use of nonviolent action in South Africa, the argument is made that the consistent and prolonged use of nonviolent actions played the most crucial role in the downfall of the apartheid system
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2005
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
Discipline: College Honors Program

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Lambert, Damien. "To govern or to be governed ? : The proxy advisor, a corporate governance actor in the making." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESEC0003.

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Cette thèse se propose d’analyser l’agence en conseil de vote et les mécanismes de responsabilisation dans le champ de la gouvernance d’entreprise au travers de plusieurs prismes. Elle se compose d’une introduction générale, de trois chapitres distincts mais interconnectés et d’une conclusion générale. Chaque chapitre suit un ordre logique mais est organisé comme un papier de recherche indépendant avec des contributions théoriques et empiriques qui lui sont propres. Cette thèse étudie l’émergence et la structuration de l’industrie des agences en conseil de vote à un niveau transnational, depuis la construction du champ de la gouvernance (Chapitre 1) à l’autorégulation de l’agence en conseil de vote (Chapitre 2) et enfin la gouvernance (d’entreprise) en action (Chapitre 3)
The dissertation investigates the emergence and the structuration of the proxy advisory industry at a transnational level, from the construction of the field of governance (Chapter 1) to the (self)-governance of the proxy 43 advisor (Chapter 2) and ultimately to the (corporate) governance in action (Chapter 3). The general conclusion wraps-up the main contributions of the dissertation, discusses the potential limitations of this research and suggests avenues for future research

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Goveda'

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