Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gouvernance climatique'
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Rocle, Nicolas. "L’adaptation des littoraux au changement climatique : une gouvernance performative par expérimentations et stratégies d’action publique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0896/document.
Full textSea level rise accelerated by climate change is of major concern at international scale since the 1990’s. From now on, climate change adaptation is institutionalized from global to local scales. I analyze policy making processes related to climate change adaptation in French coastal areas. Two qualitative case studies are at the heart of the thesis: Aquitaine coastline and Martinique Island (French West Indies). They are contrasted in their history, their coastal planning policy and their social dynamics, though they share common processes of attractiveness and vulnerability to submersion and coastal erosion. I analyze discourses, actors and policy instruments in the legitimization of anticipation and preparation as guiding principles to cope with coastal risks and threats. The theoretical framework builds on political sociology of science and policy, as well as insights from pragmatic sociology. Direct observation of local, regional and national consultation and steering committees, semi-structured interviews and documentation analysis are the key methodological approaches. A questionnaire survey has been conducted in the coastal town of Lacanau, on Aquitaine coastline, in order to analyze the way in which residents and users experiment coastal retreat. The main line of argumentation advanced in this thesis is that coastal adaptation to climate change proceeds with performative governance, by which policy devices and narratives are geared towards building adaptation policies upon their interpretive effects. I demonstrate how climate adaptation mainstreaming and planning (adaptation and coastal risks prevention plans…) is combined with experimentalist forms to govern new adaptation options (like planned retreat) and with a new public risk management in which political and institutional risks are as important to prevent as socio-ecological vulnerabilities. The concept of “public action strategy” is built to better capture these forms of managerial policy instruments used for framing, rationalizing and performing a governance of preparedness and adaptation, by means of expert knowledge, collaborative procedures and concertation to render local actors accountable for their own security. State steering practices and decentralization policies are key processes shaping coastal adaptation and risk regulation. This new public risk management strengthens expert configurations for defining and operationalizing coastal risks policy strategies
Choukri, Ezz-Edine. "Modernité et gouvernance mondiale, les cas de l'amincissement de la couche d'ozone et du changement climatique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/NQ35579.pdf.
Full textBéal, Vincent. "Les politiques du développement durable. : Gouverner l'environnement dans les villes françaises et britanniques (1970-2010)." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STETT093.
Full textThis dissertation provides an analysis of the influence of environ mental issues on the transformation of urbanpolicy-making. Based on four case studies (Nantes and Saint-Etienne in France, Leicester and Manchesterin the United Kingdom), it examines the rise of environ mental issues on urban agendas and its influence inthe transformation of urban policies and urban governance. Built around three main theoretical perspectives- public policy analysis, urban political science and urban political economy -, this work shows that urbanenviron mental management has been shaped by three different emblems : the emblem of« urban ecology »with its grass roots frame in the 1970s and 1980s, the emblem of « sustainable development » with itsentrepreneurial frame in the 1990s and 2000s, and, finally, the emblem of « climate change » with its newmanagerial and control frame since 2005. This periodisation of urban environmental management stressesthe rise of cities as prominent scales of environ mental regulation and construction. However, this rise has notbeen synonymous of a strengthening of local public spaces around environ mental issues. It is argued thatthe reshaping of state/society relationships has led ta a gap between urban political elites and urbansocieties. By helping ta reshape political elites' activities towards the production of urban policies and tamarginalise actors who are not considered as «responsible», urban environmental policies have supportedthe roll out of oligarchie and post-democratie patterns of urban governance
Gamberini, Julia. "Villes en transition énergétique : recomposition de l'action urbaine de l'énergie en Allemagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH043.
Full textThe concept of energy transition has become a very popular urban research subject in recent years.This work investigates this concept in the context of German cities. Germany proves to be highlyrelevant for two main reasons: the country’s engagement in an ambitious energy transition with itsnuclear phaseout (2022) and its ambition to become an (almost) climate neutral country by 2050.Germany has to count on its cities to drive the energy transition since these are the main sources ofenergy consumption and emissions.However, since the 1990's, German cities, especially those in the new regions, have experiencedthe phenomenon of shrinkage. The striking contradictions of growth and shrinkage test thecapacities of cities to respond to global challenges and states' injunctions. In order to take action,cities often adopt methods and instruments (climate plans, participation, projects, cooperation)following on from what we can call urban strategic management for energy transition. This researchanalyses this management form in two contrasted urban contexts, Heidelberg and Dessau-Roßlau,that have been engaged in climate protection schemes since the 1990's
Pineda, Murillo Rogelio. "La cuestión territorial, la planificación y las políticas públicas en el análisis de la vulnerabilitad y la resilencia socio-ambiental : el caso de la extracción de material de arrastre en la cuenca del río Chinchiná, Colombia." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0777/document.
Full textThe present thesis deals with a general problem for many developing countries and in particular for Latin America, related to the fight for the survival of the communities of workers who work in informal economies but subject to market rules. the absence of public policies and territorial planning processes that materialize in their favor and lead to a strong inter-institutional dislocation in the territory. The problem is more complex because of the inherent fragility or intrinsic or endogenous vulnerability of the populations themselves, because of the lack of a minimum vital to lead a dignified life, in terms of well-being and quality of life .The research addresses a specific case in a Colombian Andean watershed (the Chinchiná River in the Central Cordillera Range), where a social group extracts river materials (sands, gravels and rocks) for the industry of construction. Although this analysis focuses on the vulnerability factors and the resilience of the social group to global changes and, more particularly, on the dynamics of governance; The thesis focuses on the study of the entire economic production system, as a unit of analysis. The overall objective is to analyze the vulnerability factors and the socio-environmental resilience capacity of poor communities who extract dredged material in the Chinchiná River basin to contribute to the consolidation of planning and sustainable development processes registered in territorial public policies
Faye, Seny. "Les enjeux d'une gouvernance de l'estuaire du Saloum dans la perspective d'une préservation durable des patrimoines de la Réserve de la Biosphère du Delta du Saloum (Sénégal), zone d'interface homme-nature en dégradation, dans un contexte de réchauffement climatique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES050/document.
Full textThis is the study of the increasing degradation of the Saloum delta in Senegal through the understanding of the impacts of physical and human factors on local heritage, including nature (fauna, flora, soils, etc.). Thus, it is a real vicious circle manifested by the negative reciprocal influences between man and environmental landscapes, especially in the area of climate change and increasing poverty, which weighs on this particular wetland. where populations and ecology have always formed a cultural landscape, which is now classified world heritage by UNESCO. But alas, increasingly threatened, it is urgent to turn this devastating trend of the human-nature interface into a virtuous circle for more sustainable local development. This is to say, in essence, that the stakes of a governance of the Saloum estuary in the perspective of a durable preservation of the patrimonies are enormous
Dhenain, Sandrine. "Les territoires littoraux languedociens face aux changements globaux : trajectoires et politiques d'adaptation." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0002/document.
Full textSince the 2000s, adaptation to climate change has been a new consideration for local territories in France, but its implementation is complex. Adaptation is not only a new issue for public policies but also a concept tinted with a semantic blur. At the same time, it is presented as a very technical issue. It is often highlighted as a state to reach. Decision-makers can "operationalize" adaptation by simply applying a specific methodology. However, adaptation is not only a mechanism but it is also a process that implies economic, social and ecological trade-offs for socio-ecological systems. These political dimensions are often implicit. Our work focuses on adaptation process and public policies. We studied local public policies implemented and discussed for the coastlines on the eastern coastal area of Languedoc Roussillon in the south of France that is facing global changes. We combine vulnerability and resilience approaches with sociology/political science in order to investigate adaptation pathways and local public policies and instruments. We conducted an empirical analysis of local actions and strategic plans related to climate but also to urban planning, flooding and water management. In order to provide a vehicle to clarify this concept of adaptation and its political dimensions, we propose a typology of adaptation measures. We found four logics that associate different political instruments and reflect different degrees of transformation. Secondly, we show that the issue of adaptation is framed differently by the different stakeholders. We show the gap between the national frame of standards and multiple local frames. Those frames can limit the panel of solutions that are discussed locally and can allow for compromises. The different types of actions constitute the ‘repertoire’ of adaptation but its implementation is constrained by local configurations of actors, power relationships. Throughout our work, we have highlighted the political dimensions of adaptation actions, power relationships and governance issues. We shed a light on trade-offs inherent in adaptation choices
Raillon, Camille. "La résilience dans l’humanitaire, un concept pour penser autrement la gouvernance des catastrophes socio-climatiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0082/document.
Full textResilience in humanitarian. A concept to think differently about the governance of socio-climate disasters.The concept of resilience integrates the humanitarian space in the early 21st century. Its starting point is the ambition of the NGOs to improve the impact of their activities on the most vulnerables populations. If the concept of resilience was born in the physical sciences, its integration in the mid 20th century in multiple research areas: environment, economy, psychology and politics, endows it today with various interpretations and definitions. Through its multiple roots, this integration is by deduction, limited by the complexity to find a definition, indicators and adequate methodology to measure and therefore improve assistance to victims. By focusing on managing socio-climate disasters, namely those related to human activities on ecosystems and extreme climate events, we have chosen to question the meaning and scope of this concept in humanitarian. In other words, the side of its theoretical aspects, how to understand resilience to think differently about the governance of socio-climate disasters?We put forward the idea that resilience is a concept. In the sense that resilience is a general idea that helps to organize knowledge on multiple and complex rebounds capacity of an entity following a shock. Our study in 2014 on the evolution of life histories of 144 homes in the Delta of the Sundarbans in Southern Bangladesh highlights a typology of different capacities following the cyclones Sidr 2007 and Aila 2009. Furthermore, our results argue the idea that if resilience is an endogenous capacity, it interacts with two additional terms and controversies that have integrated the humanitarian space between the middle and late 20th century: the vulnerability and adaptation of societies. We argue that if these three terms are severable and sometimes contradictory, their overlapping enables a more detailed analysis of issues and local socio-ecological dynamics. This allows us to point out our first hypothesis: the concept of resilience is apprehended in humanitarian as an integrating concept serving a systemic approach to disasters governance.Finally, we defend that resilience can also be seen as a systemic approach that challenges the humanitarian model. Since it is not only taking inspiration from the classical model like planning, development, and quality control to answer to disasters, but to be able to model the confusion and conflicting perceptions of the crisis and risks. The integration of resilience contributes to a modeling aid, based on functional, structural and historical aspects of the organization with a more integrated vision of the socio-ecological systems.Through many controversies that cross the idea of resilience, we are witnessing, if this is not a profound change of paradigm in humanitarian, to an enrichment of the thought on governance of disasters, and the models of helps that goes with them. Therefore we ask our research question, how the concept of resilience is apprehended in humanitarian to a systemic approach and innovative models of assistance that emphasize an integrated relationship society-environment?
Lee, Youhyun. "Les politiques de développement des énergies renouvelables et nouvelles en Corée du Sud et en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D047.
Full textThe South Korea and France, those who are recognized for high dependence on nuclear power, are now facing a new phase of energy policy. The development of new and renewable energy is a crucial task to reduce green house gas which provokes climate change problem. Furthermore, new and renewable energy leads the green growth of the country. The reason why we do appreciate the new and renewable energy is not only because of environment, but also because of economic reason. The importance of the new and renewable energy is still growing in accordance with Paris Accord in 2015 after C.O.P 21.This study approaches several major issues in public administration such as defining policy actors, analyzing the policy process and the policy instruments. It also deals with the definitions of new and renewable energy, legal systems, plans, implementation and discussion about global energy cooperation. By comparing and rethinking of two other countries policies, their concomitant challenges toward energy transition will be going forward
Diffalah, Khaouni. "Qu'est ce qu'agir avec justice à l'égard des générations futures en matière d'énergies renouvelables : comparaison entre la France et l'Algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP7015.
Full textOur thesis brings together a certain number of economic philosophical concerns which motivate us to deal with this subject and to reveal its details. To question the justice between the generations, it is to look at at least two questions: "What do we owe to the future generations? And "Why do we owe them anything?" ". Each of us wonders about anything that could threaten the lives and well-being of these people, especially the poorest, such as climate change. How to act for the good and the life of the descent of future generations by eliminating the consumption of fossil and fissile energy to spare them a healthy environment. To answer these questions, I was inspired by philosophical theories of intergenerational justice and economic theories. These questions have mobilized for years the promoters of energy management and in particular renewable energies. And to get to know the problem up close, I devoted a second part to studying the case of France which invests in fissile energies (nuclear) and the case of Algeria which invests more in fossil energies (Oil and the gas). Both benefit from enormous natural potentials, such as wind and water for the French and sun and wind for the Algerians. And, to face the natural disasters that threaten life on the planet and protect our descendants we must renounce fossil fuels and replace them with renewable, inexhaustible and clean energies
Candiago, Noémie. "La dette écologique en droit international public." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROD007/document.
Full textThe ecological debt is a concept which was developed at the beginning of the 90s in order to fight against the burden of financial debts which crippled the budgets of developing States. States and the civil society used the theoretical and practical knowledge developed by researchers in social and economic sciences to criticize an unequal worldorder, leading to continuous environmental degradation and as such, a characteristic of an unequal ecological exchange. For the different actors, the concept of ecological debt took on various meanings so that we can now dissociate four different discourses. For each discourse, we have identified one or more legal mechanism, but most of them often turn out to be unfit to meet the claims of ecological debt advocates. It appears that only the community version of ecological debt is efficient without being counter-productive. Our analysis of the climate regime in international law confirms this result since norms that empower local communities seem more efficient to reduce climate debt
Kane, Idrissa oumar. "Gouvernance intégrée du risque dans la perspective d’adaptation des communautés côtières aux changements climatiques : une analyse empirique des représentations sociales de la résilience." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV098/document.
Full textThis PhD sets and explores the possibilities of « dialogue of knowledge » between scientists and local communities about resilience strategies implementations for climate coastal risks adaptation. This dialogue focuses on questions of paradigmatics representations, values and materials issues. This dialogue of knowledge, advocated by scientific community and claimed by wide audience, is increasingly needed due to complex societal problems related to climate change and different world visions. The technocentered rationality has always been an approche which dominate in the responses to the challenge of adaptation. However, in the name of integrated gouvernance, this approach is more and more contested by local communities due to their strong engagement in proposing socially co-constructed alternatives. In the first paper « Communicating risk through a DSS: a coastal risk centered empirical analysis » our research focus on the conflict of representation between scientists and local stackeholders about the probabilistic nature of coastal risk and the impacts mitigation options. Thus, a dialogic communication, based on taking into account heuristic values of local actors, is necessary. In the second paper « L'utilisation du concept polysémique de résilience: une analyse empirique en milieu côtier » our research focus on the choice of meaning of resilience concept through public policy of coastal risk management. This concept, considering its history and evolution through its various disciplinary practices, has raised, in addition to problem of polysemy due to its high use, a lack of consensus on the suitable definition. In the third paper «Vulnérabilité et résilience, entre conceptions déterministes et non déterministes : les sciences du risque côtier à la croisée des chemins », it is to questionne the choice of models and approaches used by reseachers to analyse and intervene on the coastal system. Building on the two first papers, this pape ris an unique proposition of paradigmatic tilt in the conceptual and operational processing of socio-ecosystems gouvernance. This way of presentation (thesis structured by papers) is done in accordance with required principles and technics of redaction approved by academic world (here, the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines). The three papers are closely linked in their respective thematic. This explain the coherence of the conducted research and the obtained results. In the methodology, the research is built/base on an empirical approach starting from an theorical approach related to the concepts studied. The method of datas collection is semi-structured interviews, focus group, with a thematic questionnaire. The method of datas processing is done by coding these latter in ATLAS.ti. The method of datas analysis is done by iterative grounded theorisation. The targeted audience is the scientific involved in the THESEUS project and the coastal communities lived in three experimental coastal settings of the project (Gironde in France, Santander in Spain and Cesenatico in Italia). In the conclusion, it is first admitted that paradigmatic tensions can compromise the efficacity of decision support system process and the need of consensus between heuristics on the coastal risk ; second, the same paradigmatic conflicts have some consequences in the operational deployment of resilience concept and it requires a dialogue about the signification of this concept in an epistemologically robust way. Finally, it is primordial to found a neat articulation between the choice of meaning, the operational deployment and the paradigmatic representations underlying the displayed concepts
Mallatrait, Clémence. "Origine et construction de la coopération régionale. L'exemple de l'Océanie insulaire face aux changements climatiques." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30033.
Full textThe failure of the climate negotiations in Copenhagen in 2009 prompts us to reflect on a complementary model of international environmental governance, whose premises have emerged through the voice of the island States of AOSIS. States, coming together on the basis of a shared perception of risk, highlighting increasing fragilities, this is the starting point of this investigation. The regional level is presented as one of the complements to the crisis of universalism. But reflecting on alevel of international governance environment requires identifying the conditions for its emergence and for its efficiency. We will focus on the first ones. We will question the identity of the actors of its creation, the tools they use and the reasons why this regionalism, allowing fighting against climate change, is created. Various trends of international relations offer a theoretical approach to regional cooperation, and regionalism more generically, without having identified a uniform model. The theoretical approach through environmental issues at the regional level requires the intervention of several schools of thought to explain the phenomenon: constructivism by building a climate threat and its perception , theories of hegemonic stability by seeking a regional hegemon encouraging other States to cooperate, institutional neoliberalism to explain the role of networks and the search for profit States can expect by entering the cooperative process, theories of complex interdependence through the intervention of non- State actors. Do these various approaches succeed or fail to explain this phenomenon?
Dumas, Rose-Marie, and Rose-Marie Dumas. "Les enjeux politiques de la gouvernance environnementale : le cas de la gestion des eaux de surface à São Paulo." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30030.
Full textDans un contexte où les changements climatiques se manifestent sous forme de phénomènes climatiques extrêmes tels que des sècheresses prolongées et des précipitations abondantes soudaines, la question de la texture des sols urbains et de la protection des sources d’eau fait l’objet de nouvelles préoccupations en matière de planification urbaine. Alors que la régulation et la filtration de l’eau de ruissèlement sont restreintes par l’imperméabilité des surfaces urbaines, plusieurs métropoles, dont São Paulo, peuvent se retrouver en situation de crises dues à l’indisponibilité de l’eau potable, aux inondations subites ou à la création d’îlots de chaleur. L’efficacité de la gouvernance environnementale appliquée à la gestion des eaux en milieu métropolitain devient donc primordiale. Par une étude de cas de la métropole de São Paulo, la présente recherche tente d’élucider les facteurs rendant possible l’atteinte d’un modèle de gouvernance environnementale métropolitain qui permettrait de maintenir les fonctions écosystémiques des bassins versants et de construire la résilience à la variabilité climatique. La stratégie d’enquête, basée sur l’analyse de documents scientifiques et gouvernementaux, l’observation participante et la tenue d’entretiens semi-dirigés, permit de soulever plusieurs obstacles à l'application des politiques publiques de protection des espaces verts et des sources d’eau. La carence de maîtrise de l’usage des sols, la priorisation des intérêts économiques, la sectorisation des instances gouvernementales et la faible intégration de la société civile au processus de prise de décision surgissent comme d’importants freins à la construction d’une gouvernance environnementale à São Paulo. La considération des savoirs scientifiques et locaux et la gestion du risque lié à la variabilité climatique sont marginalisées par la sphère politique. Ainsi, la présence d’une vaste législation environnementale, telle qu’en vigueur dans la métropole de São Paulo, ne signifie pas forcément une application des projets et des règlements sans faille.
In a context where climate changes are manifested by extreme climatic events such as prolonged droughts and sudden abundant rainfall, the issue of urban soil texture and water protection is a new concern in urban planning. While the regulation and filtration of runoff water is restricted by the impermeability of urban surfaces, several cities, including São Paulo, may end up in crisis due to the unavailability of drinking water, floods or creation of heat islands. The effectiveness of environmental governance applied to water management in metropolitan areas therefore becomes paramount importance. Through a case study of the metropolis of São Paulo, this research attempts to elucidate the factors that make it possible to achieve a metropolitan environmental governance that would maintain watersheds ecosystem functions and build resilience to climate variability. The research strategy, based on the analysis of scientific and governmental documents, participant observation and semistructured interviews, shows several obstacles to the application of public policies for the protection of green spaces and water sources. The lack of control over land use, the prioritization of economic interests, the governmental sectoralization and the weak integration of civil society into the decision-making process appear as major obstacles to the construction of environmental governance in São Paulo. Scientific and local knowledges and climate risk management are marginalized by the political sphere. Thus, the presence of a vast environmental legislation, as in place in the metropolis of São Paulo, does not necessarily mean an unfailing application of projects and regulations.
In a context where climate changes are manifested by extreme climatic events such as prolonged droughts and sudden abundant rainfall, the issue of urban soil texture and water protection is a new concern in urban planning. While the regulation and filtration of runoff water is restricted by the impermeability of urban surfaces, several cities, including São Paulo, may end up in crisis due to the unavailability of drinking water, floods or creation of heat islands. The effectiveness of environmental governance applied to water management in metropolitan areas therefore becomes paramount importance. Through a case study of the metropolis of São Paulo, this research attempts to elucidate the factors that make it possible to achieve a metropolitan environmental governance that would maintain watersheds ecosystem functions and build resilience to climate variability. The research strategy, based on the analysis of scientific and governmental documents, participant observation and semistructured interviews, shows several obstacles to the application of public policies for the protection of green spaces and water sources. The lack of control over land use, the prioritization of economic interests, the governmental sectoralization and the weak integration of civil society into the decision-making process appear as major obstacles to the construction of environmental governance in São Paulo. Scientific and local knowledges and climate risk management are marginalized by the political sphere. Thus, the presence of a vast environmental legislation, as in place in the metropolis of São Paulo, does not necessarily mean an unfailing application of projects and regulations.
Del, Rio Del Valle Rosa Belen. "La diversité et le trilemme énergétique. Le cas de l’Inde (1990-2014)." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2075.
Full textHow to ensure reliable energy supply and provide universal and affordable access while fighting climate change? Is the exclusive use of renewable sources the solution or is it better to maintain a diverse energy mix? This thesis uses diversity as a key indicator in the analysis of the energy trilemma using a new econometric model. The research reveals the importance of using an inclusive approach and the pertinence of the new model developed after observing, for the selected country and the period studied, thought-provokingchanges in the results of the individual and joint analyses, both in the importance and in the sign of this indicator
¿Cómo asegurar el suministro de energía fiable y garantizar el acceso universal y asequible al tiempo que se lucha contra el cambio climático? ¿Es el uso exclusivo de las fuentes renovables la solución o es mejor mantener una matriz energética diversa? Esta tesis utiliza la diversidad como indicadorclaveen el análisis del trilema energético mediante un nuevo modelo econométrico. La investigación revelala importanciade utilizar un enfoque inclusivo,así como la pertinencia del nuevo modelo desarrolladotras observar, para el país seleccionado y el periodo estudiado,interesantes cambiosen los resultados de los análisis individual y conjunto, tanto en la importancia como en el signo de este indicador
Le, Lann Daniel-Wassim. "Four essays on sustainable finance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1012.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the burgeoning research field of sustainable finance. The first part of the thesis aims to address some of the criticisms raised by investors, regulators, and stakeholders on ESG ratings. Chapter 1 develops a backtest methodology to evaluate ESG ratings. Our empirical applications indicate that the informativeness of ESG ratings strongly depends on the location of firms' headquarters and the level of consensus among rating agencies. Chapter 2 proposes a new methodology for the production of ESG ratings based on supervised learning. The methodology has the advantage of eliminating any confusion regarding what ESG ratings truly measure. Our empirical applications highlight its usefulness, but also the limitations of using information from sustainability reports to predict corporate irresponsible behavior. The findings of Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 demonstrate the considerable challenges involved in building accurate measurement systems for corporate sustainability. The second part of the thesis takes a broader perspective on organizational behavior and investment flows in the context of climate change. Chapter 3 investigates organizations' strategic responses to the threat of climate activists through a case study of a French elite student climate movement that threatened to boycott polluting employers. While the initiative has raised concerns about the ability of large companies to attract human capital, our findings indicate that polluting firms could, at least temporarily, address this challenge by committing to improve their environmental impact. Chapter 4 examines the capacity of current climate governance to slow down fossil resource extraction through an empirical investigation of investment flows into fossil energy infrastructures. Our results emphasize the importance of climate policy-making, but also the limitations of fragmented climate governance, in effectively mitigating climate change
Pradel, Nicolas. "La politique énergétique extérieure de l'Union Européenne et le droit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1074.
Full textSince 2006, the European Union’s external energy policy has been strengthening significantly. This ambitious EU policy is aimed at ensuring the security of energy supply in the EU and to contribute to more sustainable use of energy around the world. If political dialogue and economic aid are essential, the EU resorts principally to the law in order to liberalise energy markets of the third States in its periphery and to spread its vision of sustainable energy on the international stage. For which reasons does the EU use primarily the law in this policy? Is this instrument efficient? It is these two majors questions that this study addresses
Labranche, Sonia. "Fuir pour mieux s'établir: Étude sur la gouvernance des déplacés climatiques au Bangladesh dans le cadre de l'adaptation au changement climatique." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10233.
Full textThe challenges wrought by climate change involve not only managing existing consequences, but also future ones. It is no surprise that population displacements are one of those consequences, and one that must be addressed as quickly as possible since those displacements have already begun. Bangladesh is a prime example of population displacements linked to climate change; its geography is conducive to natural disasters, it is densely populated and strongly reliant on natural resources. These and other socioeconomic factors are the underlying reasons of Bangladesh’s vulnerability. It did not take long for the media to raise the alarm in the international community about the impacts of climate change on civil society and international law is paying more and more attention to the problem. What protections are available for these climatic exiles? The question raises new legal conundrums. We will quickly discover that such displacements, whether they are domestic or international, have no legal international protection. In light of this legal vacuum, several options have been considered and analyzed by researchers. To go or not to go, that is the question that must be answered by the population. We will discover that this choice can be greatly influenced by government policy. This will shed light on the perception of Bangladesh’s choice in the matter; does the country consider the migration a coping strategy or a failure?
Drejza, Susan. "Impacts et efficacité des zonages des risques côtiers dans un contexte de changements climatiques : exemple de Percé, Québec." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2743/1/M11344.pdf.
Full textBünzli, Noé. "Entre complexité et mise en œuvre : l’interprétation de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques en contexte municipal québécois." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24119.
Full textFor a long time, when facing the daunting challenge of climate changes, the emphasis has been put on the efforts to mitigate greenhouses gases emissions. Yet, when it became clear that our ecosystems were subjects to some deep transformations that were irreversible, the notion of “adaptation” slowly gain traction at the turn of the 21st century. Thus, while the municipalities, as government of proximity, are considered as increasingly important actors in this adaptation scheme, the program Climat-Municipalité offered the opportunity to four municipal entities in Quebec to produce a Climate Change Adaptation Plan (CCAP) between 2009 and 2016. The question is then raised: how is climate change adaptation interpreted at the local level in Quebec? And, to be more specific, how is the Adaptation interpreted as a process and how is Adaptation interpreted as an action? After all, one the greatest challenge of Adaptation is that difficult transition from awareness of climate issues to the operationalization of this realization, whether through concrete implementation or even through a simply better and complex understanding of the hardships faced by our society. Indeed, this global phenomenon of climate change, that can be felt throughout this planet where few ecosystems escape human influence, is at the same time a technical, psychological and sociopolitical challenge. As our analysis of the CCAP of Trois-Rivières, Sherbrooke and Laval shows, those plans represent great “first steps” in the right direction, but they are still insufficient. Their ambition, their inner mechanics and their reach are, at least for now, too limited to guarantee the stability and sustainability of territories and populations. Their mostly short-term and reactive vision helps prepare for today’s challenges but doesn’t ensure our societies the capacity to face tomorrow’s shocks.