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Academic literature on the topic 'Gouttes – Environnement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gouttes – Environnement"
Gomberoff, Léon. "Vivre avec le conflit : l’expérience d’Espoir Goutte d’Or dans l’accueil des consommateurs de crack à Paris." Psychotropes Vol. 29, no. 4 (March 7, 2024): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/psyt.294.0031.
Full textJamil, Ibtihel, Fathia Elmokh, Warda Tlig, and Kamel Nagaz. "Etude de l’effet de l’irrigation avec des eaux magnétisées sur la croissance, le rendement du piment et la salinisation du sol dans un environnement aride." JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 5, no. 5 (November 27, 2023): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56027/joasd.312023.
Full textDieng, Sidy Mouhamed, Ahmedou Bamba Kouemel Fall, Nicolas Anton, Patrick Bouriat, Oumar Thioune, Papa Mady Sy, Nadia Massaddeq, Moussa Diop, Mounibé Diarra, and Thierry Vandamme. "Emulsions de Pickering stabilisées par des Nanoparticules Solides Lipidiques : Taux de couverture et comportement interfacial." Journal Africain de Technologie Pharmaceutique et Biopharmacie (JATPB) 2, no. 3 (December 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.57220/jatpb.v2i3.117.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Gouttes – Environnement"
Foissac, Arnaud. "Modélisation des interactions entre gouttes en environnement hostile." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066492.
Full textDe, Blois de La Calande Charlotte. "Goutte d'eau nageuse en environnement complexe, confinement, gravité et effets collectifs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET038.
Full textOne may simply be amazed in front of the diversity and complexity of life. Yet, and maybe even more bewildering, living systems all share common hallmarks: compartmentalization, growth and division, information processing, energy transduction and adaptability. In particular, the mobility plays a crucial role in the competitiveness between different species. Physics at microscales is different from the one we are used to at our macroscopic scale. This is why, micro-swimmers have developed specific strategies to induce motion. The understanding of such strategies is crucial at the fundamental level to apprehend the behavior of biological micro-swimmer, but also to achieve artificial locomotion in a surrounding fluid at the micron-scale, in order to perform a multitude of tasks in technical and medical applications (transport, mixing), which has become a central goal of nanoscience. In this context, biological and artificial micro-swimmers have been intensively studied, and we place our study in the framework of swimming in a realistic and complex environment, in the case where external factors (confinement, external force, other swimmers) may influence the swimming properties. In this work, using microfluidic, we create, put into complex situation and observe a model swimmer: a pure water swimming droplet in an outer oil-micelle solution. It was shown that the droplet motion emerges from the nonlinear coupling of hydrodynamics and advection-diffusion of micelles filled with water. We first study the effect of confinement on such geometries using confocal PIV in 3D. The presence of one wall breaks the natural axisymmetry of the flow field. We propose a simplified analytical formulation taking into account the presence of the wall and the effect of buoyancy. This model accounts for the far field hydrodynamic of the droplet close to a wall that differs from the no-wall case. We then look at more confined geometries using glass capillary microfluidic. The velocity of the droplet decreases with increasing confinement; but surprisingly; it saturates at a non-zero value for droplets bigger than the channel height: even very long droplets swim. In more complex geometries, such as stretched capillaries; the droplet elongates while swimming, and amazingly, may undergo successive spontaneous splitting events for high enough confinement. We show that this behavior comes from a saturation in the swollen micelles concentration along the droplet length. External force - such as gravity – also influence the droplet behavior. In 2D, by observing a swimming droplet on an inclined plane, we show that gravity orients the droplet, and that under strong gravity, the droplet’s velocity is more than the simple additivity of the gravity and activity. This is discussed in the light of a theoretical study of the instability mechanism under an external force. The droplet in 1D exhibit a similar behavior, but is also able to swim against gravity. Finally, we investigate their collective dynamics in a 1D micro-fluidic channel. We observe experimentally a rich phenomenology: neighboring droplets align and form large trains. Exanimating the interactions between two "colliding" droplets shows that alignment rises from the interplay between velocity fluctuations and the absence of Galilean invariance. Taking these observations as the basis for a minimalistic 1D model of active particles and combining analytical and numerical arguments, we show that the system exhibits a transition to collective motion. Altogether, the swimming droplet shares numerous similarities with living system: compartmentalization (a droplet), division (under confinement), energy transduction (by thermodynamic relaxation) and adaptability (through the swimming). Beyond the simple understanding of our peculiar system, these studies give insight on various phenomena at the interface of hydrodynamics, physico-chemical engineering and active matter
Vernay, Clara. "Déstabilisation de nappes liquides d'émulsions diluées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS199.
Full textOne of the major environmental issues related to spraying of pesticides on cultivated crops is the drift phenomenon. Because of the wind, small droplets may drift away from the targeted crop and cause contamination. One way to reduce the drift is to control the spray drop size distribution and reduce the proportion of small drops. In this context, anti-drift additives have been developed, including dilute oil-in-water emulsions. Although being documented, the effects of oil-in-water emulsions on spray drop size distribution are not yet understood. The objective of this thesis is to determine the mechanisms at the origin of the changes of the spray drop size distribution for emulsion-based sprays.Agricultural spraying involves atomizing a liquid stream through a hydraulic nozzle. At the exit of the nozzle, a free liquid sheet is formed, which is subsequently destabilized into droplets. In order to elucidate the mechanisms causing the changes of the spray drop size distribution, we investigate the influence of emulsions on the destabilization mechanisms of liquid sheets. Model single-tear experiments based on the collision of one tear of liquid on a small solid target are used to produce and visualize liquid sheets with a fast camera. Upon impact, the tear flattens into a sheet radially expanding in the air bounded by a thicker rim. Different destabilization mechanisms of the sheet are observed depending on the fluid properties. A pure water sheet spreads out radially and then retracts due to the effect of surface tension. Simultaneously, the rim corrugates forming radial ligaments, which are subsequently destabilized into droplets. The destabilization mechanism is drastically modified when a dilute oil-in-water emulsion is used. Emulsion-based liquid sheets are destabilized through the nucleation of holes within the sheet that perforate the sheet during its expansion. The holes grow until they merge together and form a web of ligaments, which are then destabilized into drops.The physical-chemical parameters of the emulsion, such as emulsion concentration and emulsion droplet size distribution, are modified to rationalize their influence on the perforation mechanism. We correlate the size distribution of drops issued from conventional agricultural spray with the amount of perforation events in single-tear experiments, demonstrating that the single-tear experiment is an appropriate model experiment to investigate the physical mechanisms governing the spray drop size distribution of anti-drift formulations. We show that the relevant mechanism causing the increase of drops size in the emulsion-based spray is a perforation mechanism.To gain an understanding of the physical mechanisms at the origin of the perforation events, we develop an optical technique that allows the determination of the time and space-resolved thickness of the sheet. We find that the formation of a hole in the sheet is systematically preceded by a localized thinning of the liquid film. We show that the thinning results from the entering and Marangoni-driven spreading of emulsion oil droplet at the air/water interface. The localized thinning of the liquid film ultimately leads to the rupture of the film. We propose the perforation mechanism as a sequence of two necessary steps: the emulsion oil droplets (i) enter the air/water interface, and (ii) spread at the interface. We show that the formulation of the emulsion is a critical parameter to control the perforation. The addition of salt or amphiphilic copolymers can trigger or completely inhibit the perforation mechanism. We show that the entering of oil droplets at the air/water interface is the limiting step of the mechanism. Thin-film forces such as electrostatic or steric repulsion forces stabilize the thin film formed between the interface and the approaching oil droplets preventing the entering of oil droplets at the interface and so inhibit the perforation process
Bergeron, Daniel. "Régie de l'irrigation goutte à goutte dans la production de fraises à jours neutres au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27505/27505.pdf.
Full textVernay, Clara. "Déstabilisation de nappes liquides d'émulsions diluées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS199/document.
Full textOne of the major environmental issues related to spraying of pesticides on cultivated crops is the drift phenomenon. Because of the wind, small droplets may drift away from the targeted crop and cause contamination. One way to reduce the drift is to control the spray drop size distribution and reduce the proportion of small drops. In this context, anti-drift additives have been developed, including dilute oil-in-water emulsions. Although being documented, the effects of oil-in-water emulsions on spray drop size distribution are not yet understood. The objective of this thesis is to determine the mechanisms at the origin of the changes of the spray drop size distribution for emulsion-based sprays.Agricultural spraying involves atomizing a liquid stream through a hydraulic nozzle. At the exit of the nozzle, a free liquid sheet is formed, which is subsequently destabilized into droplets. In order to elucidate the mechanisms causing the changes of the spray drop size distribution, we investigate the influence of emulsions on the destabilization mechanisms of liquid sheets. Model single-tear experiments based on the collision of one tear of liquid on a small solid target are used to produce and visualize liquid sheets with a fast camera. Upon impact, the tear flattens into a sheet radially expanding in the air bounded by a thicker rim. Different destabilization mechanisms of the sheet are observed depending on the fluid properties. A pure water sheet spreads out radially and then retracts due to the effect of surface tension. Simultaneously, the rim corrugates forming radial ligaments, which are subsequently destabilized into droplets. The destabilization mechanism is drastically modified when a dilute oil-in-water emulsion is used. Emulsion-based liquid sheets are destabilized through the nucleation of holes within the sheet that perforate the sheet during its expansion. The holes grow until they merge together and form a web of ligaments, which are then destabilized into drops.The physical-chemical parameters of the emulsion, such as emulsion concentration and emulsion droplet size distribution, are modified to rationalize their influence on the perforation mechanism. We correlate the size distribution of drops issued from conventional agricultural spray with the amount of perforation events in single-tear experiments, demonstrating that the single-tear experiment is an appropriate model experiment to investigate the physical mechanisms governing the spray drop size distribution of anti-drift formulations. We show that the relevant mechanism causing the increase of drops size in the emulsion-based spray is a perforation mechanism.To gain an understanding of the physical mechanisms at the origin of the perforation events, we develop an optical technique that allows the determination of the time and space-resolved thickness of the sheet. We find that the formation of a hole in the sheet is systematically preceded by a localized thinning of the liquid film. We show that the thinning results from the entering and Marangoni-driven spreading of emulsion oil droplet at the air/water interface. The localized thinning of the liquid film ultimately leads to the rupture of the film. We propose the perforation mechanism as a sequence of two necessary steps: the emulsion oil droplets (i) enter the air/water interface, and (ii) spread at the interface. We show that the formulation of the emulsion is a critical parameter to control the perforation. The addition of salt or amphiphilic copolymers can trigger or completely inhibit the perforation mechanism. We show that the entering of oil droplets at the air/water interface is the limiting step of the mechanism. Thin-film forces such as electrostatic or steric repulsion forces stabilize the thin film formed between the interface and the approaching oil droplets preventing the entering of oil droplets at the interface and so inhibit the perforation process
Jeanneau, Nicolas. "La Ceinture des Parques ; suivi de Neuf gouttes contre l’incendie : le ressassement textuel dans La petite fille qui aimait trop les allumettes." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24203.
Full textLa Ceinture des Parques engages in a deadly dialogue with sea level rise. Focusing on the invisible and pragmatic hardships of that natural phenomenon, this post-apocalyptic fiction dives into the daily psychological suffering haunting those who live behind the dikes and wait in helplessness. Two survivors of the global submergence embody the idea that, when facing the oceanic invader, the worst is not in the storms but in what lies between them. The story then aims to turn the reader into a watcher. It thus takes the page as a wall and the text as its flaw: every letter is a gash in the dam, a crack into which a threatening drop might seep. Through these rifts, the sea reshapes the language, erasing any rigidity in the words, imposing the rhythm of its waves that absorb the usual limits of writing to model them on the constant instability that defines coastline and tides. The more the text is developed, the more it condemns itself to be dissolved, letting the water come into the text to achieve a complete blend when the endings of the narrator, of its language and of the environment mix in a common dilution. Neuf Gouttes is an essay exploring the hidden textual network spread by a narrator’s repetition and rumination. An enigmatic novel, La petite fille qui aimait trop les allumettes accumulates many frequent phrases throughout 200 pages. These similar words are trivial at first glance, but through them Gaétan Soucy’s text offers an alternate textual dynamic that differs according to the reader’s pragmatic cooperation level. The textual rumination stands out as the main force of the story, used by the narrator to adjust her writing speed in order to reach a safe balance between two converging endings: a material one and a psychological one. Between these two threats that get closer at each sentence, Alice Soissons must solve her family’s mystery before the writing becomes impossible, but also avoid rushing and crashing her testimony in an emotional explosion. The main goal of this essay is to analyse this paradox in which the plot uses reverses as the best way to make progress until its solving.