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Relevant bibliographies by topics / GORKHALAND MOVEMENTS

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Academic literature on the topic 'GORKHALAND MOVEMENTS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "GORKHALAND MOVEMENTS"

1

Chhetri, Nilamber. "Gendered Frames of Mobilization: Differential Participation of Women in Ethno-politics of Darjeeling." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 28, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521520974846.

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While issues related to collective mobilizations have recently attracted considerable attention, little has been done to explore and explain the differential rate of participation of women in different forms of mobilization. While addressing the issues of gender within the charred ethno-politics of Darjeeling, this article will analyse women’s participation in two successive waves of Gorkhaland movements, followed by the recent mobilization for recognition as scheduled tribes. In this regard, the article will highlight how the overt use of violence, followed by the response of the state, contributes significantly towards differential participation in ethnic movements. Looking at the changing ethno-politics of the Darjeeling hills, the article argues that the gender difference within social movements is produced through anchoring frames which use cultural cues to structure the repertoire of the movement.

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2

Rumba, Pratik. "Land Question, Ethnicity and the Gorkhaland Movement: The Political Economy Perspective." Journal of Exclusion Studies 7, no. 2 (2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2017.00019.5.

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3

Chhetri, Sharda. "Connect to Conspire: Scope of Social Media in Gorkhaland Statehood Movement." Media Watch 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976091120140104.

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Sharma, Dr Gopal. "Crisis of Good Governance and Autonomy Movement: From Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council to Gorkhaland Territorial Administration." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 5 (January 15, 2012): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/may2014/63.

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5

Sen, Debarati. "Subnational Enterprise: Militarized Mothering, Women’s Entrepreneurial Labour and Generational Dynamics in the Gorkhaland Struggle." Journal of South Asian Development 15, no. 3 (December 2020): 316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174120987094.

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This article posits that gendered militarized labour, women’s everyday entrepreneurialism and political mobilizations around subnational autonomy are intricately linked. To understand the relationship between these entities, one needs to zero in on the generational dynamics of women’s collective engagement in upholding the martial identity of Gorkhas, and the consequences of such preoccupation on the legibility of Gorkha subjects vis-à-vis the Indian state. To locate the specificity of women’s collective engagements with Gorkhaland, I propose a de-essentialized intersectional perspective in drawing up my framework of ‘subnational enterprise’. I draw from Black Feminist scholarship on the nuances of mothering and community work, strains of Feminist International Relations perspectives that attend to the invisibility of gendered labour in situations of conflict, and the emerging feminist work on entrepreneurialism which emphasize its socio-psychological aspects. My framework of subnational enterprise draws on 16 years of longitudinal ethnographic work in urban and rural areas of Darjeeling, and in this piece, I draw on life history interviews as well as unstructured interviews with men and women in Darjeeling. I advocate for grounded explorations of the relationship between militarization, discourses of belonging and gender identity to explain how right and left agendas jostle within a regional autonomy movement.

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6

Saha, Biswanath, and Gorky Chakraborty. "Geopolitical Imperatives in the Eastern Himalayas: Situating the Hills of Darjeeling." Millennial Asia, November 1, 2020, 097639962095817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399620958173.

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Scholarly discourses involving the peripheral regions often look through the binary lenses of ‘identity’ and ‘development’, which are then ascribed as the root causes, leading to the emergence of political movements in these regions. Analogies emanating from such visions entrapped solely on development deficit fall short in dealing with the interplay and intersections of history, geography and politics related to such regions. The analysis concerning the Gorkhaland Movement also seems to be trapped within such an explanatory binary of ‘identity’ and ‘development’. This article attempts to situate the hills of Darjeeling, where the movement is located, into a less discussed framework of geopolitics that not only politicizes the geographies of the Eastern Himalayas but also historicizes the communities and their aspirations as a response to the manoeuvrings by the concerned states. Within such a framework, we shall also discuss how the colonial geopolitics of migration, henceforth, has been succinctly carried forward by the post-colonial state in shaping its notions related to the hills of Darjeeling.

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7

Mukhia, Anmol. "Identity and elites in developmental politics: a case study of the “Gorkha” and “Gorkhaland” movements in the eastern parts of India." Politics, Groups, and Identities, June 20, 2023, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2023.2224761.

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8

Sircar, Sushmita. "Military cosmopolitanism and romantic indigeneity: Crafting claims to statehood in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss and Easterine Kire’s Bitter Wormwood." Journal of Commonwealth Literature, January 29, 2020, 002198941989730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989419897306.

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The world wars definitively changed the relations with the state of the peoples of India’s northeastern frontier. The wars were both fought on their terrain (with the invasion of the Japanese army) and led to the recruitment of people from the region to serve in the British Army. The contemporary Anglophone Indian novel documents the lingering effects of this militarization in the many insurgencies that have fragmented the region in the postcolonial era. Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006) depicts the Gorkhaland uprising of the 1980s in the Kalimpong district of West Bengal, which demanded a separate state, while Easterine Kire’s Bitter Wormwood (2011) describes the Naga peoples’ traditional way of life against the backdrop of attempts to declare independence from the Indian state. In this article I argue that these novels capture how these secessionist movements use the experience of the world wars to craft a political identity based on military brotherhood to claim independence from the Indian state. These movements thus undertake a complex reworking of the valences of the figure of the “soldier”, central to so many accounts of national integrity. At the same time, reproducing the nationalist logic of the Indian state, these novels more readily recognize an “indigenous” identity based on a claim to the land as the political basis of nationhood. Hence, these novels about secessionist struggles reveal how certain narratives of nation formation become the only legitimate means for making claims for political rights and independent statehood over the course of the twentieth century.

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9

Tamang, Sangay, and Ngamjahao Kipgen. "‘Land’ as a site of contestation: Empire, identity, and belonging in the Darjeeling Himalayas." Ethnicities, May 13, 2022, 146879682211014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687968221101400.

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As the dominant narratives of ethnicity have been centered on the issues of ethnic identity and nationalism as a form of pre-given category, the invocation of ‘land’ remains marginal to ethnic politics. Many studies on the politics of ethnic homelands in South Asia has further marginalized the notion of ‘land’ in the study of ethnicity and nationalism and overemphasized ethnic identity as a dominant approach to understand the relationship between state and society. However, land is fundamental to ethnic claims for belongingness in a previously colonized society where indigenous land policy has been reconfigured by the intrusion of British colonialism—took away native land for private interest and subsequently remodified land and citizenship criteria. This article examines an ethnic demand for a homeland in the Darjeeling Hills by bringing to the fore the discussion on land contestation, linguistic politics, and regional aspiration for belongingness. The movement for Gorkhaland in Darjeeling Hills has been articulated as a demand for recognition of Gorkha as Indian citizenship and reflects a distinct attachment of Gorkha to land. Although there has been very little discussion on the issue of land in the demand for Gorkhaland and focused solely on ethnic identity and the development of the Nepali language, we argue in this article that the ethnic movement in Darjeeling has its genesis in the contention of ethnic differences in control over land, resources, and identity, and it is land that has historically framed the politics of ethnicity in the region. Therefore, ‘land is identity’ and must be viewed as a fundamental unit of analysis in ethnic politics.

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10

Katawal, Ubaraj. "Colonial Modernity and the Image of the Gorkhaland Movement in Kiran Desai's The Inheritance of Loss." Critical Humanities 1, no. 2 (May 26, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.33470/2836-3140.1013.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GORKHALAND MOVEMENTS"

1

Dural, Ramesh. "Leadership and protest movement dynamics : study in the context of Gorkhaland and Kamtapuri movements in West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/207.

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Bhagat, Gayatri. "Regionalism in India: A Comparative Study of Gorkhaland and Telengana Movements." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2493.

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Guha, Anindya. "Regionalism in West Bengal : a study of movement of Gorkhaland." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/206.

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Books on the topic "GORKHALAND MOVEMENTS"

1

Gorkhaland: Crisis of statehood. New Delhi: Sage Publications India, 2012.

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2

Gorkhaland: A study of ethnity [i.e. ethnicity] from peace approach. Delhi: Kalinga Publications, 2013.

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3

Gosvāmī, Arjuna. Gorkhaland movement: A military importance. Kolkata: Knowledge Pub. House, 2010.

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4

Gorkhaland movement: A military importance. Kolkata: Knowledge Pub. House, 2010.

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5

P, Lama Mahendra, ed. Gorkhaland movement: Quest for an identity. Darjeeling: Published by Dept. of Information and Cultural Affairs, Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council, 1996.

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6

Sub-regional movement in India: With reference to Bodoland and Gorkhaland. Kolkata: K.P. Bagchi & Co., 2004.

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7

Ethnicity, state, and development: A case study of the Gorkhaland movement in Darjeeling. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications in association with Vikas Pub. House, 1992.

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8

Gorkhaland movement. New Delhi: Library of Congress Office, 1996.

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9

Middleton, Townsend, and Sara Shneiderman, eds. Darjeeling Reconsidered. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199483556.001.0001.

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Darjeeling occupies a special place in the South Asian imaginary with its Himalayan vistas, lush tea gardens, and brisk mountain air. Thousands of tourists, domestic and international, annually flock to the hills to taste their world-renowned tea and soak up the colonial nostalgia. Darjeeling Reconsidered rethinks Darjeeling’s status in the postcolonial imagination. Mobilizing diverse disciplinary approaches from the social sciences and humanities, this definitive collection of essays sheds fresh light on the region’s past and offers critical insight into the issues facing its people today. While the historical analyses provide alternative readings of the systems of governance, labour, and migration that shaped Darjeeling, the ethnographic chapters present accounts of dynamics that define life in twenty-first century Darjeeling, including the Gorkhaland Movement, Fair Trade tea, indigenous and subnationalist struggle, gendered inequality, ecological transformation, and resource scarcity. The volume figures Darjeeling as a vital site for South Asian and postcolonial studies and calls for a timely re-examination of the legend and hard realities of this oft-romanticized region.

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Book chapters on the topic "GORKHALAND MOVEMENTS"

1

Chhetri, Bishal. "Geographies of Exclusion, Identity and Gorkhaland Movement." In Darjeeling, 173–97. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003362791-14.

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Lacina, Bethany. "Electoral Competition and the Gorkhaland Movement." In Darjeeling Reconsidered, 99–112. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199483556.003.0005.

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This chapter examines movements for greater local autonomy in Darjeeling since India’s independence. Political leaders generally mobilize to demand autonomy during periods of heightened electoral competition. These movements tend to fade when electoral competition is low. When mass movements have won autonomous institutions for Darjeeling, movement leaders have used these institutions to repress local electoral competition. Without electoral pressure, incumbent leaders in Darjeeling are feckless in pressing autonomy demands. Both the national government in New Delhi and the West Bengal state government in Kolkata have encouraged the anti-democratic features of Darjeeling’s autonomous institutions as a means of maintaining stability. I make this case by showing the parallels in the careers of Deoprakash Rai, Subash Ghisingh, and Bimal Gurung. Each leader de-escalated demands for Darjeeling’s autonomy as his personal power consolidated.

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3

Chalmers, Rhoderick. "Nepal and the Eastern Himalayas." In Language and National Identity in Asia, 84–99. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199267484.003.0004.

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Abstract Questions of language and national identity have coloured the history of Nepal and the eastern Himalayan region for decades. But since the 1980s they have emerged at the forefront of political movements – sometimes violent – which have underscored the ethnic, religious, and social fault lines of the area. The relationship between language and identity is complex even at the level of smaller ethnic groups; when combined with the questions of nation and nationalism it has proved fraught with danger. In the mid-1980s Darjeeling’s separatist Gorkhaland movement played on language as the unifying strand of Indian Nepali society while insisting on a clear separation from the state of Nepal. Nepali finally gained recognition as a national language of India in 1992, the culmination of almost a century of campaigning. By this time Nepal’s own ‘people’s movement’ had brought an end to the monarchist Panchayat regime, opening a Pandora’s box of ethnic and linguistic claims. The collapse of the central autocratic system brought with it a loss of faith in the simple ‘one language, one country’ nationalism that had been promoted for decades. Ethnic grievances and spurned calls for linguistic rights have since been seized on by Maoist insurgents as further aids to recruitment in an intensifying war. In Bhutan, mean-while, the 1980s saw the Dzongkha language deployed as one element of a rigid state nationalism. By the start of the 1990s the teaching of Nepali had been banned and much of Bhutan’s Nepali-speaking population displaced to refugee camps.

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4

Bennike, Rune. "‘A Summer Place’." In Darjeeling Reconsidered, 54–73. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199483556.003.0003.

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From the tales of nineteenth century British explorers to contemporary tourism advertising, representations of Darjeeling circulate far and wide. Across more than a century and a half, Darjeeling is repeatedly pictured as ‘a summer place’: a picturesque landscape of misty tea gardens, quaint cottages, and elusive mountain views. This chapter explores the colonial origins and historical persistence of this ‘tourist gaze’ in producing Darjeeling. Approaching this representational history from a vantage point grounded in the questions of belonging forcefully raised by the Gorkhaland movement, the chapter illustrates how commodified Darjeeling is defined more by its scenery than by its inhabitants, pictured as a place you visit rather than a place of belonging, and sold as a consumable good. It argues that, as this tourist gaze leaves notions of inhabitation and belonging obscured, its global reach and historical persistence complicates ongoing quests for local autonomy in Darjeeling.

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