Academic literature on the topic 'Gordon, Bryony – Mental health'

Abstract The relation between religion and mental health has long been a topic of debate among psychologists. Some of the most famous names in psychological history have taken a stance on this issue. Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, B. F. Skinner, Carl Rogers, Carl Jung, and many others had much to say, both pro and con. In addition, William James (1902) noted that there are both healthy and unhealthy ways of being religious, and Gordon Allport (1950) stated that the way one is religious may have mental health implications.

The increasingly diverse population presents challenges that require building a Culture of Health through Mindfulness into Action (Vergara's methodology). Previous studies suggest (Vergara, 2016a; Vergara, Wallace, Du, Marsick, Yorks, Gordon et al., 2016b; Vergara, Parks, Reyes, Tamariz, 2016e; Vergara, Tjernstad, Mac Quarrie, Tamariz, 2016f) that Mindfulness into Action (MIA) disrupts unconscious bias and facilitate a cultural humble stance that gives the potential to foster taking a perspective during this modern fast paced dynamics in life with chronic stress. Chronic stress refers to high stress sustained over extended periods of time. Chronic stress occurs among adults, but among young people more frequently, and it is more closely related to maladaptive health behaviors and mental health problems, than acute stress, or episodic triggers of stress (Leonard, Gwadz, Ritchie, Linick, Cleland, Elliott, & Grethel, 2015; Carter, Garber, Ciesla, & Cole, 2006). Children in poverty are more likely to experience both chronic and acute stress than their affluent peers (Almeida, Neupert, Banks, & Serido, 2005). Ross recognizes that removing bias and understanding the cultural patterns creates greater equity; however, disparities persist (2014, p. xii). Health People 2020 (HP 2020) was developed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and commits to eliminating the “range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors” that prohibit a person from attaining health, and implement policies that “achieve health equity” for all Americans. Braveman states that health equity means “no one is denied the possibility to be healthy” (2014, p. 6). The 2012 Institute of Medicine report highlights a need to reduce health disparities by identifying various “intervention strategies to improve health outcomes in vulnerable populations”, highlights persistent and significant gaps between the quality of health care people should receive, and the quality of care they actually receive (p. 76). Currently, there is great disparity in health as we address external factors, however an additional approach that addresses factors from within is needed to build a culture of health. Dees describes about how beliefs about health and disease vary across cultures, ethnicities, races and faiths (2007, p. 34). However, it is common for people to have an ethnocentric approach regarding health. An ethnocentric approach can be a source of conflict. “Belief regarding health, illness and healing vary among different cultures” (Dees, 2007, p 35). Chakkarath (2009) suggests that Western psychological concepts no longer are the only valid scientific concepts inside the discipline. Further, he suggests that psychology as a discipline can only profit from an indigenous approach because it can introduce traditions of thought and alternative empirical and theoretical approaches that can both challenge and contribute to psychology's universalistic orientation. For that reason, by paying attention to our wholeness and factors from within, the Mindfulness into Action methodology includes indigenous practices from America, Africa, and Oceania (Vergara, 2016b).

El complejo perfil y la dificultad de manejo clínico que supone este perfil de paciente hacen tremendamente frecuentes las hospitalizaciones en el servicio, así como la desvinculación con la comunidad y la pérdida de los soportes sociales y comunitarios que la Comunidad de Lleida ofrece. El objetivo principal es realizar un plan de cuidados de enfermería a una paciente afecta de psicosis refrectaria adscrita al Servicio de Patología Dual de la ciudad. Para la realización de este trabajo, se ha llevado a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en varias bases de datos con la utilización de las palabras clave: Psicosis, refrectaria,. Las bases de datos empleadas fueron Pubmed, Cuiden Plus, Cinhal y Google académico. Además, se consultaron libros, artículos y revistas científicas del ámbito de la salud mental. En segundo lugar, se ha realizado la valoración por Patrones Funcionales de Margory Gordon. A continuación, utilizando el pensamiento crítico enfermero, se han etiquetado los problemas detectados, formulando los diagnósticos enfermeros para dar respuesta a sus necesidades, mediante intervenciones reflexionadas con objeto de poder alcanzar los mejores resultados en salud. Para ello, se hizo uso de la Taxonomía NANDA- NOC -NIC. Consultando los manuales de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), la Nursing Outcomes Clasification (NOC), y la Nursing Interventions Clasifications (NIC). Además, se utilizaron escalas específicas como la HoNOS (Health of the Nation Outcome Scales) que mejoraron el conocimiento y dieron cuerpo al trabajo realizado. En relación al objetivo general planteado, se ha realizado el plan de cuidados de enfermería a la paciente, habiéndose formulado los problemas de colaboración y diagnósticos necesarios, planteados los resultados a conseguir, y realizado las intervenciones y actividades pertinentes. Tras este proceso, se han evaluado los objetivos propuestos y reflexionado sobre los resultados alcanzados.

Daily stress is a universally experienced phenomenon in our modern lives [1]. Studies have shown that cumulative stress in daily life can result in cardiovascular disease [2] and psychological or behavioral disorders, such as depression and anxiety [3]. To regulate stress, social sharing is often used as a method. By talking to others, sharers can gain support that help them cope with their stress events [4]. However, people are not always comfortable sharing their stress events with others, such as the stigmatised issues [5]. In addition, people are not always able to find the right person to talk to. Their friends may be tired of hearing about the same issues [6]. Besides, professional help may be too expensive and require long waits [7].With the widespread use of conversational agent (CA), the CA should provide support for the users who encounter with daily stress to help them get socio-emotional benefits and therefore improve the user satisfaction [8]. At the same time, the gender of the CA should be considered as a factor which influence the user satisfaction of daily stress support.MethodsIn this study, we developed a 2 (CA genders)×3 (types of support) between-subject experiment on user satisfaction of CA with daily stress support function. The CA had two types of gender, including male and female. Three support types included control (without stress support function), stress (with stress detection and support function), and stressor (with stress and stressor detection, and provide support targeted at stressor) groups. So, there were six types of CA in this experiment.Participants (N = 76) were asked to share one personal daily stress experience with a CA, which was assigned from the six CAs randomly and provided support via the Wizard-of-Oz method (a human-operated CA).Results & DiscussionResults showed that participants felt better after sharing with the CA in stress group and stressor group, as evidenced by reduced stress intensity. The interaction experience of participants showed that the likeability, enjoyment, and user satisfaction of stress group were significantly higher than that of control group. While, the user satisfaction of stressor group had no significant difference with that of stress group. For the gender the CA, the female CA achieved higher likeability in control group and stress group. Meanwhile, the female CA achieved higher enjoyment, engagement, and user satisfaction in stressor group.According to the interview after the experiment, the participants in the stressor group proposed more requirements for the targeted advice from CA. They explained that they felt the high intelligent level of the CA. So, they were looking forward for the help from the CA for the solution of their daily stress events.ConclusionAccording to the above results, the support for daily stress from CA can improve the user satisfaction. Between different genders of CA, the female CA is more preferred in this study. What’s more, the CA should provide targeted advice for users with different stressors.Reference[1] Piazza, J. R., Charles, S. T., Sliwinski, M. J., Mogle, J., & Almeida, D. M. (2013). Affective reactivity to daily stressors and long-term risk of reporting a chronic physical health condition. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 45(1), 110-120.[2] Schubert, C., Lambertz, M., Nelesen, R. A., Bardwell, W., Choi, J. B., & Dimsdale, J. E. (2009). Effects of stress on heart rate complexity—a comparison between short-term and chronic stress. Biological psychology, 80(3), 325-332.[3] Cohen, S., Kessler, R. C., & Gordon, L. U. (Eds.). (1997). Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists. Oxford University Press on Demand.[4] Rim ́e, B. (2009). Emotion elicits the social sharing of emotion: Theory and empirical review. Emotion Review, 1(1), 60–85.[5] Smart, L., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). The hidden costs of hidden stigma. In T. F. Heatherton, R. E. Kleck, M. R. Hebl, & J. G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 220–242). New York: Guildford Press.[6] Forest, A. L., Kille, D. R., Wood, J. V., & Holmes, J. G. (2014). Discount and disengage: How chronic negative expressivity undermines partner responsiveness to negative disclosures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(6), 1013–1032.[7] Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 3–10.[8] Pauw, L. S., Sauter, D. A., van Kleef, G. A., Lucas, G. M., Gratch, J., & Fischer, A. H. (2022). The avatar will see you now: Support from a virtual human provides socio-emotional benefits. Computers in Human Behavior, 136, 107368.