Journal articles: 'Gopalan'

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Menon, Unnikrishnan. "Dr. Gopalan M." Amrita Journal of Medicine 18, no. 4 (2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_4_23.

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Ramachandran, Prema. "Prof. Coluthur Gopalan (1918-2019)." Indian Journal of Medical Research 150, no. 4 (2019): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1861_19.

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Goswami, Jitendra Nath. "Nier Prize Citation for Gopalan Srinivasan." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 33, S4 (July 1998): A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.1998.tb01324.x.

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GOPALAN, GREESHMA, HRIDYA V. KAVUNKAL, DEVIKA S. RAVINDRAN, SABU MAMIYIL, SHIBI IG, and RADHAKRISHNAN KV. "Chemical constituents and their bioactivities of Zingiber nimmonii: An endemic species in South India." Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 43, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v43i1.gopalan.

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Shareef, Sainudeen, and M. Geethakumary. "Occurrence of Eugenia Agasthiyamalayana Gopalan and Murugan (Myrtaceae) in Kerala, India." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2011-0h058g.

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Arumugam, S., Mehala Ramasamy, and Anantha M. "Two Myrtaceous species additions to the Flora of Tamil Nadu." Indian Journal of Forestry 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2019-8zsb8i.

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Eugenia argentea Bedd. and E. shettyana Murugan & Gopalan are reported here as additions to the Flora of Tamil Nadu. Detailed description and photographic images of herbarium specimens are provided.

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Maheshwar, Balaji, and Karthik Subramanian. "Image Deities and Devotees." Master, Vol. 5, no. 2 (2020): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m9.036.ess.

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Maruthar Gopalan Ramachandran (popularly known as MGR) was the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu between 1977 and 1987. But before his famous tenure as a politician began, MGR had already cemented himself in the Tamil imagination through decades of playing the hero-saviour in blockbuster Tamil films, a suite of movies still re-watched with veneration today. Half a century prior to the pervasive social media environment we inhabit today, that turns on an equivalence between image and self, figures like MGR consciously used their star status to convert a fan following into a voter base. In this conversation, Balaji Maheshwar and Karthik Subramanian, two photographers from Tamil Nadu who are both making work exploring MGR’s legacy, open up questions around image worship, image deities and devotees, and the role of cinema in shaping our most intimate memories. Keywords: Maruthar Gopalan Ramachandran, Jayaram Jayalalitha, Tamil cinema, image worship, MGR fan clubs

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Fischer-Hornung, Dorothea, and Monika Mueller. "Response to Gopalan Balachandran, “Atlantic paradigms and aberrant histories”." Atlantic Studies 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2014.872341.

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Sunya, Samhita. "Review: Cinemas Dark and Slow in Digital India, by Lalitha Gopalan." Film Quarterly 75, no. 2 (2021): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2021.75.2.112.

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Kumar, C. Sathish, and Finn N. Rasmussen. "The Reappearance of Odontochilus rotundifolius Blatter and Its Transfer to Aenhenrya Gopalan (Orchidaceae)." Novon 7, no. 1 (1997): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3392079.

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Belle, Vaishak. "Review of programming with higher-order logic by Dale Miller and Gopalan Nadathur." ACM SIGACT News 45, no. 2 (June 9, 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2636805.2636815.

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Chandra, Ranjit Kumar. "Nutrition, immunity, and outcome; Past, present, and future. 11th Gopalan Gold Medal Oration." Nutrition Research 8, no. 3 (March 1988): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5317(88)80040-x.

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Siammawii, Vanlal, Fanai Malsawmdawngliana, Lal Muansanga, and Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga. "Hindlimb malformation in a Bangladesh Skittering Frog, Euphlyctis kalasgramensis Howlader, Nair, Gopalan, and Merila 2015 (Anura: Dicroglossidae)." Reptiles & Amphibians 29, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v29i1.16440.

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Ghoreishi, S. M., S. M. Shariatmadar Mortazavi, and Ali Hedayati. "Modeling of Non-catalytic Supercritical Water Oxidation of Phenol." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2015-0044.

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Abstract The non-catalytic supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of phenol was modeled using Gopalan-Savage and Thornton-Savage global and network rates. Comparison of experimental data for the phenol conversion with the numerical predictions of this study indicated very close compatibility. Applying the validated model, the phenol conversion and selectivity of various products were studied as a function of effective parameters such as feed phenol concentration, reactor residence time, feed temperature, and feed oxygen concentration. The results of modeling analysis show that an appropriate elevated temperature range (460°C < T <500°C) and long residence time (≈90 s) reduce the concentration of hazardous products (i.e., dimers, dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin) and maximize the selectivity of environmental benign products such as water and carbon dioxide. Also, high oxygen concentration (≈0.01 mol/L) increase water and carbon dioxide yield. Moreover, high feed phenol concentrations cause a shortcoming for the SCWO system in terms of phenol conversion and selectivity of desirable environmental products. As a consequence, the feed phenol concentration of ≤2 × 10−3 mol/L is recommended as the appropriate condition.

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JHULANA RANI BEHERA and CHANDRASHREE LENKA*. "PREVALENCE OF HIDDEN HUNGER (MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY) AMONG THE HANDLOOM WEAVERS IN WESTERN ODISHA." Journal of Research ANGRAU 51, no. 1 (May 8, 2023): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2023.51.1.10.

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The objective of the research was to assess the prevalence of hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiency) among the handloom weavers of western Odisha. A sample size of 320 comprising of 170 male and 150 female respondents were selected randomly from four villages of Ulunda and Birmaharajpur blocks of Odisha in the year 2019-2020. The results indicated that the majority of male (58.23%) and female (50%) weavers had normal Body Mass index. Both male and female respondents had low vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron intake in comparison to RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowances) irrespective of all BMI categories. It was interesting to note that the thiamine, riboflavin, and sodium intake of both male and female weavers were found to be excess in comparision to RDA. Niacin intake of both male and female weavers was found to be excess in comparision to RDA for Obese-II respondents i.e. 8.55% and 7.57%, respectively. No significant mean difference between actual zinc and potassium intake of the respondents in comparision to RDA, ICMR Gopalan et al. (2016) was found in this study

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Dudley, Spencer. "PPP Paradox: Promise and Perils of Public-Private Partnership in Education by Pritha Gopalan, SAGE Publications India, 2013." Anthropology & Education Quarterly 46, no. 1 (January 20, 2015): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aeq.12089.

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Wadhwa, Nishant. "Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: Anupam Sibal, Sarath Gopalan (eds), Akshay Kapoor, Vidyut Bhatia (co-eds)." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 82, no. 12 (July 7, 2015): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-015-1825-0.

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Longhurst, James, Sheila Dwyer, John Lennon, Zhenhua Chen, Rudi Volti, Gopalan Balachandran, Katarina Gephardt, Mathieu Flonneau, Kyle Shelton, and Fiona Wilkie. "Book Reviews." Transfers 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 146–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2016.060213.

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Book ReviewsPeter Cox, ed. Cycling Cultures (Chester, UK: University of Chester, 2015) - James LonghurstDaniel Owen Spence, Colonial Naval Culture and British Imperialism, 1922–67 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015) - Sheila DwyerColin Divall, ed., Cultural Histories of Sociabilities, Spaces and Mobilities (London: Pickering and Chatto, 2015) - John LennonChristopher Kopper and Massimo Moraglio, eds., Th e Organization of Transport: A History of Users, Industry, and Public Policy (New York: Routledge, 2014) - Zhenhua ChenPaul Ingrassia, Engines of Change: A History of the American Dream in Fifteen Cars (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012) - Rudi VoltiHagar Kotef, Movement and the Ordering of Freedom: On Liberal Governances of Mobility (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015) - Gopalan BalachandranBernd Stiegler, Traveling in Place: A History of Armchair Travel. Trans. Peter Filkins. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010) - Katarina GephardtThomas Buhler, Déplacements urbains: sortir de l’orthodoxie. Plaidoyer pour une prise en compte des habitudes (Lausanne: Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, 2015) - Mathieu FlonneauRuth A. Miller, Snarl: In Defense of Stalled Traffi c and Faulty Networks (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2015) - Kyle SheltonNovel ReviewEmily St. John Mandel, Station Eleven (London: Picador, 2014) - Fiona Wilkie

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Lovett, Shachar, Kewen Wu, and Jiapeng Zhang. "Decision List Compression by Mild Random Restrictions." Journal of the ACM 68, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485007.

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A decision list is an ordered list of rules. Each rule is specified by a term, which is a conjunction of literals, and a value. Given an input, the output of a decision list is the value corresponding to the first rule whose term is satisfied by the input. Decision lists generalize both CNFs and DNFs and have been studied both in complexity theory and in learning theory. The size of a decision list is the number of rules, and its width is the maximal number of variables in a term. We prove that decision lists of small width can always be approximated by decision lists of small size, where we obtain sharp bounds for such approximation. This also resolves a conjecture of Gopalan, Meka, and Reingold (Computational Complexity, 2013) on DNF sparsification. An ingredient in our proof is a new random restriction lemma, which allows to analyze how DNFs (and more generally, decision lists) simplify if a small fraction of the variables are fixed. This is in contrast to the more commonly used switching lemma, which requires most of the variables to be fixed.

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Singh, Shikha, Anisha Verma, and Neeru Bala. "Sensory and nutritional evaluation of unleavened flat bread prepared by multigrain flour mixture." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.936.

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The present study was undertaken to develop the value added food product using multigrain flour mixture and to assess its sensory and nutritional composition of unleavened flat bread (Chapatti). It was standardized as Control (T0). Along with control; three variations of Chapatti were prepared by replacing wheat flour with different ratio of multigrain flour mixture which referred as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. They were tested for different attrib-utes (Taste and Flavour, Colour and Appearance, Body and Texture and Overall Acceptability). A food composition table given by Gopalan, et.al, 2007 was used to determine the nutritional composition of Chapatti. Appropriate statis-tical technique was opted for the analysis. The result revealed that the T1 (8.05Â±0.00) was found most acceptable with regards to its sensory attributes followed by T0 (7.70Â±0.42), T2 (7.55Â±0.08), T3 (7.22Â±0.98) and T4 (6.64Â±0.46) respectively. Energy (ranging from 388-436 Kcal), Protein (ranging from 22-28 g), fat (ranging from 13-21 g), cal-cium (ranging from145-192 mg), phosphorus (ranging from 466-501 mg), fiber (ranging from 3-4g) and iron (ranging from 6-7 mg) were increased in treatments as compared to control except carbohydrate. Thus, it can be concluded that value added product has good organoleptic and nutritional quality.

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Pfenning, Frank. "Programming with Higher-Order Logic, by Dale Miller and Gopalan Nadathur , Cambridge University Press, 2012, Hardcover, ISBN-10:052187940X, xiv + 306 pp." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 14, no. 2 (March 2014): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068414000027.

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Vitali, Valentina. "Cinema of Interruptions: Action Genres in Contemporary Indian Cinema. By Gopalan Lalitha. London: British Film Institute, 2002. vi, 218 pp. $19.95 (paper)." Journal of Asian Studies 63, no. 2 (May 2004): 530–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911804001408.

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Badarinarayanan, Gopalan. "Abdominal Migrine (a.B) a Cause of Recurrent Abdominal Pain (R.a.P) Gopalan Badarinarayanan MD, F.a.C.G-a.V.B. Gastro Care Clinic. Tirunelveli- Tamilnadu- India–627 011." American Journal of Gastroenterology 103 (September 2008): S208. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-200809001-00538.

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24

Tang, Fanying, Duo Xu, Shangqian Wang, Chen Khuan Wong, Alexander Martinez-Fundichely, Cindy Lee, Sandra Cohen, et al. "Abstract B026: Chromatin profiles classify castration-resistant prostate cancers suggesting therapeutic targets." Cancer Research 82, no. 23_Supplement_2 (December 1, 2022): B026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.cancepi22-b026.

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Abstract In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the loss of androgen receptor (AR) dependence leads to clinically aggressive tumors with few therapeutic options. We used ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing), RNA-seq, and DNA sequencing to investigate 22 organoids, six patient-derived xenografts, and 12 cell lines. We identified the well-characterized AR-dependent and neuroendocrine subtypes, as well as two AR-negative/low groups: a Wnt-dependent subtype, and a stem cell–like (SCL) subtype driven by activator protein–1 (AP-1) transcription factors. We used transcriptomic signatures to classify 366 patients, which showed that SCL is the second most common subtype of CRPC after AR-dependent. Our data suggest that AP-1 interacts with the YAP/TAZ and TEAD proteins to maintain subtype-specific chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic landscapes in this group. Together, this molecular classification reveals drug targets and can potentially guide therapeutic decisions. Citation Format: Fanying Tang, Duo Xu, Shangqian Wang, Chen Khuan Wong, Alexander Martinez-Fundichely, Cindy Lee, Sandra Cohen, Jane Park, Corinne Hill, Kenneth Eng, Rohan Bareja, Teng Han, Eric Minwei Liu, Ann Palladino, Wei Di, Dong Gao, Wassim Abida, Shaham Beg, Loredana Puca, Maximiliano Meneses, Elisa De Stanchina, Michael Berger, Anuradha Gopalan, Lukas Dow, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Himisha Beltran, Cora Sternberg, Ping Chi, Howard Scher, Andrea Sboner, Yu Chen, Ekta Khurana. Chromatin profiles classify castration-resistant prostate cancers suggesting therapeutic targets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Epigenomics; 2022 Oct 6-8; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B026.

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Pratap Singh, Ravi, Ravinder Kataria, and Mir Farhan Ul Haq. "Letter to the editor in response to: COVID-19 pandemic and challenges for socio-economic issues, healthcare and national programs in India (Gopalan and Misra)." Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 14, no. 5 (September 2020): 841–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.019.

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Nurul Isnaini and Annisa Azzahro. "Cyberstalking on social media, how does Islam view it?" IQTIDA : Journal of Da'wah and Communication 3, no. 2 (December 13, 2023): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/iqtida.v3i2.2157.

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With the development of information technology and the internet, social media has replaced real social relations with virtual ones. However, virtual social relations carry risks, one of which is Cyberstalking (Rohman & Sugeng 2022) Cyberstalking is a dangerous cybercrime and targets many people, communities, and organizations (Baer, 2020) As a crime, cyberstalking fulfills the elements of a criminal act which results in disruption of social order (Wall, 2007). Thus, cyberstalking is contrary to Islamic principles because it creates an insecure atmosphere. This research is library research using library materials in the form of books, journals, magazines, and other library sources as study material (Sukmadinata, 2010). Researchers will use a descriptive qualitative approach. Cyberstalking is a term used to describe various behaviors that involve repeated threats and/or harassment using electronic mail or other computer-based communications that will make people afraid or concerned for their safety (Gopalan, R.T. 2020). In Islam, these actions are prohibited acts because they contain elements of harassment, threats, harassment, or coercion. In interacting, Islam puts forward the concept of "rahmatan lil alamin" which means being a source of mercy and benefit for all creation (Rouzi, K.S., Suud, F.M., & Chaer, M.T. 2021), emphasizing values such as tolerance, discipline, social care, responsibility answer, and love peace (Nasir, M.S., & Khalilurrahman 2022). These values can be applied to the concept of privacy, encouraging individuals to respect the boundaries and personal space of others. The Qur'an teaches that stalking and harassment are prohibited by Allah, and humans need to be careful when engaging in such activities. In conclusion, cyberstalking is a form of harassment that violates Islamic principles and can cause harm to individuals and society.

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CLAMP, JOHN C. "Redescription of Lagenophrys cochinensis Santhakumari & Gopalan, 1980 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Lagenophryidae), an Ectosymbiont of Marine Isopods, Including New Information on Morphology, Geographic Distribution, and Intraspecific Variation." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 53, no. 1 (January 2006): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00074.x.

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Aber, Etan R., Cristina F. Contreras, Mohd Omar Sikder, Kathy P. Li, Greta E. Forbes, Vishaka Gopalan, Sridhar Hannenhalli, and Rosandra N. Kaplan. "Abstract LB308: Transcriptional profiling uncovers a unified program underlying the human metastatic and adjacent microenvironments." Cancer Research 84, no. 7_Supplement (April 5, 2024): LB308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-lb308.

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Abstract Metastasis is the primary cause of death in patients with solid tumors, yet the treatment-refractory metastatic microenvironment is poorly characterized. To gain a comprehensive understanding of microenvironmental regulation of human metastasis, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing covering endothelial, stromal, myeloid, lymphoid, and malignant cells from 28 lung and liver samples of the metastatic microenvironment and metastasis-free adjacent microenvironment from patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma compared to healthy donors for a total of 275,903 cells. We discovered that the adjacent microenvironment in patients with metastatic cancer is significantly different from healthy tissue without cancer: The adjacent microenvironment has many immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic features similar to primary tumor and metastatic tissue. As adjacent tissues are potential sites for subsequent metastasis, the shared changes between the adjacent and metastatic microenvironments suggest that these elements of the treatment-refractory metastatic microenvironment may dictate metastasis. Importantly, these pathologic features of the adjacent and metastatic microenvironments associate with poor outcomes for patients and may be targetable. Lastly, we identify a mechanism by which tumor cells may be remotely driving and coordinating these changes in both the metastatic and adjacent microenvironments. Taken together, our study identifies shared and microenvironment-specific changes underlying a global program of metastasis. Citation Format: Etan R. Aber, Cristina F. Contreras, Mohd Omar Sikder, Kathy P. Li, Greta E. Forbes, Vishaka Gopalan, Sridhar Hannenhalli, Rosandra N. Kaplan. Transcriptional profiling uncovers a unified program underlying the human metastatic and adjacent microenvironments [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB308.

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Gurevich-Schmidt, Yael, Kun Wang, Di Wu, Sanna Madan, Vishaka Gopalan, Sanju Sinha, Binbin Wang, Saugato Rahman Dhruba, Alejandro A. Schäffer, and Eytan Ruppin. "Abstract 1411: Cell-type-specific transcriptomic immune aging clocks reveal clinically relevant associations with chronic illnesses including cancer." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-1411.

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Abstract The aging of the immune system has profound implications for individual immune responses, yet precise quantification of immune age remains a challenge. Analyzing single-cell peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptomics data from 981 healthy individuals, we developed IMMClock (IMMune Clock), a human immune age clock derived from single cell transcriptomics. IMMClock is the first to accurately assess the age of three major immune cell types, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and NK cells, at the individual level. Testing the ability of these clocks to capture the dynamic aging process, we show that they reliably predict individuals' chronological ages across seven publicly available single-cell transcriptomics datasets and the large Framingham bulk transcriptomics cohort. IMMClock identifies cell type specific age-related pathways including apoptosis, interferon gamma response, and cytokine response. The application of IMMClock reveals several associations between immune aging of different cell-types and key clinical phenotypes during aging: it recapitulates the established observation of higher immune age in males compared to females and uncovers higher immune age in CD8+ T cells of smokers and individuals with chronic illnesses including cancer. Analyzing cancer patients’ data, IMMClock readings strongly correlate with CD8+ T cell exhaustion levels, and, quite strikingly, highlights an elevated immune age in the tumor microenvironment compared to blood. Citation Format: Yael Gurevich-Schmidt, Kun Wang, Di Wu, Sanna Madan, Vishaka Gopalan, Sanju Sinha, Binbin Wang, Saugato Rahman Dhruba, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Eytan Ruppin. Cell-type-specific transcriptomic immune aging clocks reveal clinically relevant associations with chronic illnesses including cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1411.

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Zaidi, Samir, Jimmy Zhao, Joseph Chan, Roudier Martine, Kristine Wadosky, Anuradha Gopalan, Wouter Karthaus, et al. "Abstract 2200: Multilineage plasticity in prostate cancer through expansion of stem-like luminal epithelial cells with elevated inflammatory signaling." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2200.

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Abstract Lineage plasticity is a well-established mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies in lung and prostate cancer, where tumors transition from adenocarcinoma to small-cell or neuroendocrine carcinoma. Single-cell analysis of a cohort of late stage castration-resistant human prostate cancers (CRPC) revealed a greater degree of plasticity than previously appreciated, with multiple distinct neuroendocrine (NEPC), mesenchymal (EMT-like), and other subpopulations detected within single biopsies. To explore the steps responsible for initiation of this process, we utilized two genetically engineered mouse models of prostate cancer that recapitulate progression from adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine disease. Time course studies reveal expansion of stem-like luminal epithelial cells (Sca1+, Psca+, called L2) that, based on trajectories, gave rise to at least 4 distinct subpopulations, NEPC (Ascl1+), POU2F3 (Pou2f3+), TFF3 (Tff3+) and EMT-like (Vim+, Ncam1+). Such populations are also seen in human prostate and small cell lung cancers. Furthermore, transformed L2-like cells express stem-like and gastrointestinal endoderm-like transcriptional programs, indicative of reemerging developmental plasticity programs, as well as elevated Jak/Stat, interferon, and FGF pathways. Strikingly pharmacologic inhibition of Jak/Stat and FGFR results in reversal of plasticity states and subsequent sensitivity to androgen receptor inhibitors (ARSIs). In sum, while the magnitude of multilineage heterogeneity, both within and across patients, raises considerable treatment challenges, the identification of highly plastic luminal cells as the likely source of this heterogeneity provides a target for more focused therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Samir Zaidi, Jimmy Zhao, Joseph Chan, Roudier Martine, Kristine Wadosky, Anuradha Gopalan, Wouter Karthaus, Philip Watson, Lawrence True, Peter Nelson, Howard Scher, Michael Morris, Michael Haffner, David Goodrich, Dana Pe'er, Charles Sawyers. Multilineage plasticity in prostate cancer through expansion of stem-like luminal epithelial cells with elevated inflammatory signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2200.

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Kaczanowska, Sabina, Daniel Beury, Haiying Qin, and Rosandra Kaplan. "209 Genetically engineered myeloid cells (GEMys) as a platform to enhance antitumor immunity." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (November 2021): A220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.209.

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BackgroundImmune suppression is a major hurdle in cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors. Innate myeloid cells are key regulators of the immune system and can dampen the antitumor response against cancer. We have identified that bone marrow-derived myeloid cells play an immunosuppressive role in the metastatic microenvironment, limiting immune surveillance and facilitating the growth of tumor cells. We hypothesized that targeting the myeloid-mediated immune suppression program in the metastatic and primary tumor microenvironment could facilitate antitumor immune activation and be a successful immunotherapeutic approach.MethodsTo take advantage of the unique capability of myeloid cells to home to and infiltrate tumor and metastatic sites, we designed an immunotherapeutic approach in which we generate genetically engineered myeloid cells (GEMys) as a platform to locally deliver modulatory factors into the tumor and metastatic microenvironment.ResultsMice treated with IL-12-secreting GEMys (IL12-GEMys) exhibited a robust IFNγ response associated with increased expression of antigen processing and presentation machinery as well as numbers of T and NK cells expressing markers associated with activation and cytotoxicity. These microenvironmental changes were associated with reduced metastasis, delayed tumor growth, and increased survival. When combined with chemotherapy pre-conditioning, IL12-GEMys cured mice of established tumors and generated long-lived T cell memory, as these mice were immune to subsequent tumor challenge. We are currently working on translating these exciting findings into the human setting.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that IL12-GEMys can functionally modulate the core program of immune suppression in the pre-metastatic niche to successfully rebalance the dysregulated metastatic microenvironment in cancer. This approach holds promise to limit metastatic progression in patients with high risk and advanced cancers.ReferencesKaczanowska S, Beury DW, Gopalan V, Tycko AK, Qin H, Clements ME, Drake J, Nwanze C, Murgai M, Rae Z, Ju W, Alexander KA, Kline J, Contreras CF, Wessel KM, Patel S, Hannenhalli S, Kelly M, Kaplan RN. Genetically engineered myeloid cells rebalance the core immune suppression program in metastasis. Cell 2021;184:1–20.

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Chibaya, Loretah, Katherine C. Murphy, Yvette Lopez Diaz, Kelly D. DeMarco, Haibo Liu, Sneha Gopalan, Melissa Faulkner, et al. "Abstract C015: EZH2 inhibition remodels the inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype and promotes immune surveillance in PDAC." Cancer Research 82, no. 22_Supplement (November 15, 2022): C015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-c015.

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Abstract T-cell based immunotherapies that produce durable and sometimes curative responses in other malignancies have failed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to poor T cell infiltration and tumor immunogenicity. We and others have demonstrated that induction of cellular senescence and its accompanying senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can be a powerful way to enhance T cell infiltration into tumors and reactivate a different type of innate Natural Killer (NK) cell anti-tumor immunity that can mediate tumor control. Here, we found that the pancreas tumor microenvironment (TME) suppresses NK cell surveillance following therapy-induced senescence (TIS) with MEK and CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment through EZH2-mediated repression of pro-inflammatory SASP genes. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 or its methyltransferase activity enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory SASP factors and led to NK and T cell infiltration and immune-mediated tumor control in transplanted and genetically engineered PDAC mouse models. Mechanistically, EZH2 suppression induced expression of SASP factors CCL2 and CXCL9/10 necessary for lymophocyte chemotaxis into the pancreas TME. EZH2 levels were also associated with reduced NK cell numbers, SASP expression, and overall survival in a PDAC patient cohort. Taken together these results demonstrate that EZH2 mediates repression of the pro-inflammatory SASP in the pancreas TME, and that EZH2 blockade in combination with senescence-inducing therapies could be a powerful means to reactivate absent NK and T cell surveillance in PDAC to achieve immune-mediated tumor responses. Citation Format: Loretah Chibaya, Katherine C. Murphy, Yvette Lopez Diaz, Kelly D. DeMarco, Haibo Liu, Sneha Gopalan, Melissa Faulkner, Junhui Li, John P. Morris IV, Yu-jui Ho, Janelle Simon, Wei Luan, Amanda Kulick, Elisa de Stanchina, Karl Simin, Lihua J. Zhu, Thomas G. Fazzio, Scott W. Lowe, Marcus Ruscetti. EZH2 inhibition remodels the inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype and promotes immune surveillance in PDAC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr C015.

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McBride, Mark. "The Unavoidability of Evaluation for Interest Theories of Rights." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 33, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2020.11.

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In debates over rights, as much as, or perhaps more than, in any philosophical debate, it is important to see the wood from the trees. A little while ago, new life was breathed into debates over rights, as a new candidate theory emerged to rival the extant options. More specifically, Gopal Sreenivasan’s hybrid theory of (claim-) rights emerged to rival both will theory and interest theory. This new hybrid theory underwent a series of skirmishes with the interest theory. Moving from the wood, one principal ground over which battle ensued is the so-called third party beneficiary issue. And, more specifically still, descending into the trees, a particular problem within the foregoing third party beneficiary debate centred on what I shall dub Gopal’s Granny, a case wielded by Gopal Sreenivasan, particularly against one of the foremost defenders of the interest theory, Matthew Kramer.

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Nirmala, R., and Dr V. Chanthiramathi. "Emerging Trends in Revolution 2020." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 3 (April 29, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i3.8115.

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Indian writing in English has largely changed in its content, characterization and language. There is a significant shift from writing about serious and dark issues to narrating stories about common people. Writing about the day-to-day monotonous lifestyles seems to be the new ‘mantra’ in the Indian style of writing. One of the first authors to write about such type of stories is Chetan Bhagat. His writing has revolutionized and mirrored the postmodern literature. Revolution 2020: Love, Corruption, Ambition is a novel by Bhagat. Revolution 2020 happens in three stages in Chetan Bhagat’s novel and is listed as love, ambition and corruption. All these three stages are played by Gopal, Aarti and Raghav characters in the novel. The ambition of Gopal’s father is to make his son an engineer but Gopal’s passion is different. He meets a politician and opens a technical institute, initiating corruption. Raghav is from a middle - class family and cracks the IIT entrance test but his passion is to be a press reporter writing against corruption and how it has polluted the whole education system from top to bottom. Finally, the most beautiful girl friend of his, right from school days, aspiring to become an air hostess the daughter of the District Magistrate loves Raghav. This paper analyses how the emerging trends of revolution as love, ambition and corruption play a crucial role in the lives of Gopal, Aarti and Raghav .

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Hossain, Akhand Akhtar. "Economic Management in a Volatile Environment: Monetary and Financial Issues by Ramkishen S. Rajan and Sasidaran Gopalan Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2015 Pp. xx+283. ISBN 9 78 137 37151-5." Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 29, no. 2 (October 21, 2015): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apel.12122.

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Jull, A. J. Timothy. "Principles of radiometric dating, by K. Gopalan. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017, 224 p. $74.99. Hardback. Electronic copy will be available in future. $60.00. (ISBN 978-1-107-19873-9)." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 53, no. 5 (January 25, 2018): 1108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.13047.

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Mukherjee, Kaustav. "Development of Protein Rich Flavored Bar." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39229.

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Abstract: The present study entitled “Development of protein rich flavoured bar” was conducted with the objective to develop protein rich flavoured bar using different ingredients, to assess the sensory accessibility, determine the nutritional composition and cost of developed protein bar. Protein rich flavoured bar were prepared by using three treatments i.e. T1 (dates 50g, oats 10g, flaxseeds 5g, sesame seeds 5g, pumpkin seeds 5g, peanut powder 10g, honey 5g, cocoa powder 10g), T2 (dates 45g, oats 8g, flaxseeds 5g, sesame seeds 5g, pumpkin seeds 5g, peanut powder 10g, honey 12g, guava flavour 10g) and T3 (dates 40g, oats 13g, flaxseeds 5g, sesame seeds 5g, pumpkin seeds 5g, peanut powder 10g, honey 12g, orange flavour 10g). Organoleptic evaluation of the prepared product in relation to sensory attributes was carried out using the nine point hedonic scale score card by Srilaksmi (2015). The nutrient content of the value added food products were calculated with the help of food composition table given by Gopalan et al., (2011). The cost of individual raw ingredients used in the preparation of the food product as the prevailing market price. All treatments were replicated four times and the data obtained during investigation were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and critical difference (C.D.) techniques. On the basis of sensory acceptability it was found that T1 was scored highest in terms of colour and appearance, body and texture, flavour and taste and overall acceptability. As well as T1 shows significantly high in the nutritive value among all treatments regarding energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, fibre, calcium and iron. The cost of the protein rich flavoured bar per 100g of dry ingredients at the prevailing cost of the raw materials was highest in T1 (Rs. 29.33) followed by T2 (Rs. 20.69) and T3 (Rs. 20.34). Dates are very good source of fibre, carbohydrate, protein and act as natural sweetener with no fat. As the bar is rich in protein, iron and other macronutrients, so it is majorly recommended for Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), athletes and anemic patient. Daily 100g of dates intake helps to get all essential nutrients. Strictly restricted for Type-1 diabetic patients. Keywords: Protein, Nutrient content, organoleptic evaluation, nutrition bar, cost.

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Li, Xuan C., Yuelin Liu, Farid Rashidi Mehrabadi, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Drew Pratt, David R. Crawford, Salem Malikić, et al. "Abstract 127: Single-cell methylation sequencing data reveals succinct metastatic migration histories and tumor progression models." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-127.

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Abstract Recent studies exploring the impact of methylation in tumor evolution suggest that while the methylation status of many of the CpG sites are preserved across distinct lineages, others are altered as the cancer progresses. Since changes in methylation status of a CpG site may be retained in mitosis, they could be used to infer the progression history of a tumor via single-cell lineage tree reconstruction. In this work, we introduce the first principled distance-based computational method, Sgootr, for inferring a tumor's single-cell methylation lineage tree and jointly identifying lineage-informative CpG sites which harbor changes in methylation status that are retained along the lineage. We apply Sgootr on the single-cell bisulfite-treated whole genome sequencing data of multiregionally-sampled tumor cells from 9 metastatic colorectal cancer patients made available by Bian et al., as well as multiregionally-sampled single-cell reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing data from a glioblastoma patient made available by Chaligne et al. We demonstrate that the tumor lineages constructed reveal a simple model underlying colorectal tumor progression and metastatic seeding. A comparison of Sgootr against alternative approaches shows that Sgootr can construct lineage trees with fewer migration events and more in concordance with the sequential-progression model of tumor evolution, in time a fraction of that used in prior studies. Interestingly, lineage-informative CpG sites identified by Sgootr are in inter-CpG island (CGI) regions, as opposed to CGI's, which have been the main regions of interest in genomic methylation-related analyses. Sgootr is implemented as a Snakemake workflow, available at https://github.com/liuy0421/Sgootr. Citation Format: Xuan C. Li, Yuelin Liu, Farid Rashidi Mehrabadi, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Drew Pratt, David R. Crawford, Salem Malikić, Erin K. Molloy, Vishaka Gopalan, Stephen M. Mount, Eytan Ruppin, Kenneth Aldape, S. Cenk Sahinalp. Single-cell methylation sequencing data reveals succinct metastatic migration histories and tumor progression models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 127.

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Groesbeck, Rolf. "Sketches of Kerala. Three films: Gods Never Die (2004), by Laurent Aubert, Ravi Gopalan Nair, Patricia Plattner, and Johnathan Watts, 52 minutes; The Time of the Puppets (2006), by Laurent Aubert, Ravi Gopalan Nair, Damian Plandolit, Patricia Plattner, and Johnathan Watts, 28 minutes; The Three Wise Monkeys (2006), by Patricia Plattner and Damian Plandolit, interviews with Laurent Aubert, Ravi Gopalan Nair, and Johnathan Watts, 13 minutes. Colour DVD. 28 pp. booklet in French and English, by Laurent Aubert. Photographs by Johnathan Watts. All films co-produced by the Museum of Ethnography of Geneva (http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg) and Light Night Production (http://www.lightnight.ch)." Yearbook for Traditional Music 39 (2007): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0740155800007062.

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Zhao, Jimmy L., Joseph Chan, Max Land, Perianne Smith, Anuradha Gopalan, Michael Haffner, Dana Pe'er, and Charles Sawyers. "Abstract 1728: Single cell RNA-seq analysis reveals a role of pro-inflammatory tumor-associated macrophages in driving prostate cancer progression." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1728.

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Abstract Genomic amplification and increased expression of C-MYC are found in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm (HGPIN) and primary prostate adenocarcinoma. What role C-MYC plays in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer remains unclear. A genetically engineered mouse model with a high level of human C-MYC protein expression under a probasin promoter (Hi-Myc model) was developed that captures prostate cancer progression from hyperplasia at 6-week-old, to HGPIN at 3-6 month-old, and ultimately to invasive adenocarcinoma at 8-month-old. Applying single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, we have carefully studied the temporal transcriptional change in MYC-expressing tumor-initiating cells and the tumor-infiltrating immune cells to understand the cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms by which C-MYC promotes the transition from HGPIN to invasive prostate cancer. We have identified a particular type of luminal cells, Prom1+ L1 cells, as the likely tumor initiating cells in the Hi-Myc model. The MYC-expressing L1 tumor initiating cells were more abundant and cycling more often in the invasive cancer at 8-month-old, compared to the pre-invasive stage. Interestingly, significant infiltration of novel M1-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlated with the histologic tumor progression from HGPIN to invasive cancer. Targeting TAMs with anti-CSF1R antibody delayed prostate cancer progression and invasion, which appears to be independent of CD8 T-cells. Mechanistically, TAMs expressed a high level of IL-1b, which stimulated Hi-Myc prostate cell proliferation in an organoid co-culture system. More importantly, depleting IL-1b with a neutralizing antibody slowed prostate cancer progression in Hi-Myc mice. Lastly, we found that increased macrophage gene expression was associated with higher Gleason scores and worse disease-free survival in a TCGA clinical patient cohort. In summary, we have identified a molecular mechanism involving pro-inflammatory TAMs and IL-1b in driving early prostate cancer progression in a MYC-driven prostate cancer model, opening a potential therapeutic avenue to target TAMs and pro-inflammatory cytokine in preventing early prostate cancer progression. Citation Format: Jimmy L. Zhao, Joseph Chan, Max Land, Perianne Smith, Anuradha Gopalan, Michael Haffner, Dana Pe'er, Charles Sawyers. Single cell RNA-seq analysis reveals a role of pro-inflammatory tumor-associated macrophages in driving prostate cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1728.

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Feng, Weiran, Erik Ladewig, Nazifa Salsabeel, Huiyong Zhao, Young Sun Lee, Anuradha Gopalan, Hanzhi Luo, et al. "Abstract PR007: ERG-driven luminal prostate cancers emerge from Ck5+/Nkx3.1+ basal cells." Cancer Research 83, no. 11_Supplement (June 2, 2023): PR007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.prca2023-pr007.

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Abstract TMPRSS2-ERG translocations are initiating lesions in nearly 50% of human prostate adenocarcinomas, often in conjunction with PTEN loss. In mice, prostate-specific expression of ERG using a Probasin-Cre driver (Pb-Cre4) is sufficient to induce invasive Ck8+ luminal adenocarcinoma with high penetrance in the context of Pten loss. Because TMPRSS2 expression in the human prostate is androgen-regulated and thereby largely restricted to luminal epithelial cells, it has been assumed that luminal cells are the likely cell of origin for TMPRSS2-ERG positive prostate cancers. To gain further support for this hypothesis, we examined the early stages of luminal adenocarcinoma initiation in the Pb-Cre ERG/Pten model at a single cell level. To our surprise, we found a highly proliferative population of ERG+ Ck5+ (a putative basal marker) cells that are enriched at the invasive front in a background of more canonical ERG+/Ck8+/Ck5- luminal tumor cells. We next performed lineage tracing experiments using Ck5-, Ck8- as well as Nkx3.1-Cre drivers, introduced via viral injection or tamoxifen induction, which collectively support the hypothesis that ERG-driven tumors originate in a subset of basal cells defined by Ck5+/Nkx3.1+. This conclusion is further supported by orthotopic transplantation of freshly isolated primary mouse prostate basal (Cd49f high) or luminal (Cd24 high) cells showing that ERG+/Ck8+ tumors arise preferentially from basal cells following ex vivo ERG/Pten activation. Time course experiments in organoids and in vivo show that ERG promotes Ck8+ luminal differentiation from highly proliferative Ck5+ cells, progressing through a Ck5+/Ck8+ intermediate cell state. Collectively, these data implicate a tumor initiating cell population defined by a mix of basal (Ck5) and luminal (Nkx3.1) markers that, under the influence of ERG expression, can expand and invade while retaining full luminal differentiation potential. Our results also suggest that widely held assumptions regarding luminal-specific expression of canonical markers such as Nkx3.1 and Probasin may need revision. Citation Format: Weiran Feng, Erik Ladewig, Nazifa Salsabeel, Huiyong Zhao, Young Sun Lee, Anuradha Gopalan, Hanzhi Luo, Wenfei Kang, Ning Fan, Eric Rosiek, Ignas Masilionis, Katia Manova-Todorova, Ronan Chaligné, Elisa de Stanchina, Brett S. Carver, Yu Chen, Dong Gao, Christina S. Leslie, Charles L. Sawyers. ERG-driven luminal prostate cancers emerge from Ck5+/Nkx3.1+ basal cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR007.

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Gopalan, Archana, Thomas D. Gallup, Stephanie Wood, Jose Maldonado, Corina Margain, Nestor F. Esnaola, Min P. Kim, E. Scott Kopetz, and Kyuson Yun. "Abstract 694: E-slice: A novel 3D culture platform for precision medicine." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-694.

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Abstract The need for personalized medicine in oncology is widely accepted but translating this important concept into clinical practice has been challenging. Currently, the dominant platform for precision medicine utilizes genomics/sequencing-based assays to measure the expression and/or mutational profiles and then infer patient responses to therapies based on previous knowledge; however, this approach benefits less than 10-15% of patients with profiled tumors. Recognizing the inherent limitations of these inference-based methods, functional assays (e.g., organoids and PDX models) have been developed; however, these approaches also have significant limitations including high cost and time required to establish the models, low “take rates”, and destruction of the native tumor microenvironment (TME). To overcome these challenges, EMPIRI uses a novel 3D ex vivo tumor slice culture method (E-slices) that enables rapid, personalized drug sensitivity testing in intact patient tumor tissues. Major differentiators of the E-slice platform from other ex vivo methods include the use of chemically defined, serum-free medium, longitudinal viability measurements from the same tissue, tracking of dynamic responses to treatment over 2-3 weeks, and retention of the native TME and tissue architecture, unlike other approaches. In addition, E-slices can be generated from any solid tumor tested thus far (breast, lung, colorectal, pancreas, brain, head 7 neck, and others) from patient tumors directly and PDX and genetically engineered mouse models. In addition, because E-slices retain tumor-infiltrating immune cells in their native microenvironment and spatial topography of all cell types in the endogenous configuration, it sustains immune cell survival and proliferation and measures immunotherapy responses ex vivo. The E-slice method is compatible with biopsies as well as surgical samples. Importantly, it has been shown to accurately predict individual patient treatment responses to chemotherapies and targeted therapies in 4-12 days, paving the way for evidence-based personalized treatment selections in a clinically actionable time frame. In summary, we present a novel ex vivo 3D human tumor tissue drug sensitivity platform that faithfully replicates the patient tumor tissues and provides personalized treatment responses in a clinically actionable time frame. Citation Format: Archana Gopalan, Thomas D. Gallup, Stephanie Wood, Jose Maldonado, Corina Margain, Nestor F. Esnaola, Min P. Kim, E. Scott Kopetz, Kyuson Yun. E-slice: A novel 3D culture platform for precision medicine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 694.

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Arnold, Michael S. "Growth and Properties of Graphene and Graphene Nanoribbons on Ge." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 32 (October 9, 2022): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02321179mtgabs.

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The synthesis of graphene directly on Ge and on Ge deposited on Si provides a scalable route toward integrating graphene onto conventional semiconductors. This presentation will first survey the growth modes of graphene on Ge(001), Ge(011), Ge(111), Ge(112), Ge(001)-6°, and Ge(001)-9° via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), reporting on the effect of Ge surface orientation on graphene island formation and shape, strain in large-area graphene films, and the nanofaceting of the Ge below graphene.[1] We will then focus on the anisotropic growth of semiconducting graphene nanoribbons on Ge(001) and Ge(001)-9° and of nominally single crystal graphene on Ge(110). On Ge(001), we have discovered how to drive graphene crystal growth with a large shape anisotropy through control of kinetics.[2-6] This discovery enables the direct synthesis of narrow, armchair, semiconducting nanoribbons. The ribbons are self-orienting, self-defining, and have smooth edges. The ribbons exhibit excellent transport properties (e.g., high on-state conductance and on/off ratio at room temperature) and provide a promising pathway towards the direct integration of high-performance nanocarbon electronics onto conventional semiconductor wafer platforms. On Ge(001), nominally single crystal graphene has been reported in limited cases; however, conflicting studies have evidenced polycrystallinity. Here, the factors affecting the mosaicity of graphene on Ge(110) will be elucidated using low energy electron diffraction and microscopy data.[7] [1] R. M. Jacobberger, D. E. Savage, X. Zheng, P. Sookchoo, R. R. Delgado, M. G. Lagally, M. S. Arnold, SUBMITTED (2022). [2] R. M. Jacobberger, M. S. Arnold, et al., Direct Oriented Growth of Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons on Germanium, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 6, 8006 (2015). [3] B. Kiraly, M. S. Arnold, M. C. Hersam, N. P. Guisinger et al., Sub-5 nm, Globally Aligned Graphene Nanoribbons on Ge (001), APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 108, 213101 (2016). [4] A. J. Way, R. M. Jacobberger, M. S. Arnold, Seed-Initiated Anisotropic Growth of Unidirectional Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon Arrays on Germanium, NANO LETTERS, 18, 898 (2018). [5] V. Saraswat, Y. Yamamoto, H.J. Kim, R.M. Jacobberger, K.R. Jinkins, A.J. Way, N.P. Guisinger, M.S. Arnold Synthesis of armchair graphene nanoribbons on germanium-on-silicon, THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 123 (30), 18445-18454 (2019). [6] A. J. Way, R. M. Jacobberger, N. P. Guisinger, V. Saraswat, X. Zheng, A. Suresh, J. H. Dwyer, P. Gopalan, Michael S. Arnold, SUBMITTED (2022). [7] R. M. Jacobberger, Z. Miao, T. Yu, V. Saraswat, M. G. Lagally, M. S. Altman, M. S. Arnold, SUBMITTED (2022).

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de Bruijn, Ino, Aditi Gopalan, Xiang Li, Hongxin Zhang, Onur Sumer, Thomas Y. Cong, Tona Gonzalez, Madelaine Rangel, Nikolaus Schultz, and Debyani Chakravarty. "Abstract 6578: reVUE: repository for variants with unexpected effects." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 6578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6578.

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Abstract Clinical sequencing of tumor samples is now a component of routine cancer care used to identify predictive biomarkers of drug response, refine patient cancer diagnoses, assess heritable cancer risk, or inform patient prognosis. Most genomic alterations are accurately annotated with tools such as the Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) that infer the effects of these alterations on the mRNA and protein by following basic rules of transcription, mRNA post-transcriptional processing, and translation. However, some genomic variants are not as easily captured by these rules, which can cause inappropriate or unclear annotation of the protein effect. For example, a variant that alters an existing splice site or creates a new one can activate or inactivate the protein. Similarly, specific mutations in the non-coding promoter region of a gene may de-regulate gene expression (e.g., TERT promoter mutations). In some instances, these so-called variants with unexpected effects (VUE) may have therapeutic implications. For example, while ~2-3% of GIST tumors harbor KIT exon 11 deletions that extend into the non-coding intron between exons 10 and 11 and are shown to cause in-frame deletions, they are typically misclassified as inactivating splice site mutations, precluding patients with tumors harboring these mutations from receiving standard care imatinib. Thus, while many VUEs are functionally characterized and documented in the literature, there are no resources to systematically identify, curate and store these events such that they can be correctly annotated in routine clinical sequencing leading to suboptimal treatment decisions. To address this unmet clinical need, we built a novel bioinformatic resource, the Repository for Variants with Unexpected Effects (reVUE - cancerrevue.org). The reVUE resource consists of (1) an intuitive website listing curated VUEs with their observed effects as demonstrated by functional characterization in peer-reviewed literature and (2) an application programming interface (API) for programmatic annotation of variants. We built reVUE as a crowd-sourced resource to enable contributions of VUEs to the repository from the clinical and scientific communities. Both the software and data are openly available. Our goal is to enable clinical bioinformatic pipelines to accurately annotate all DNA mutations, including those with unanticipated protein coding effects, some of which can have therapeutic implications. Citation Format: Ino de Bruijn, Aditi Gopalan, Xiang Li, Hongxin Zhang, Onur Sumer, Thomas Y. Cong, Tona Gonzalez, Madelaine Rangel, Nikolaus Schultz, Debyani Chakravarty. reVUE: repository for variants with unexpected effects. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6578.

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Khaled, Annette R., James Velazquez, Lam Truong, Colten Frank, Carolyn Dang, Amanda Cox, Heba Ghozlan, Eunkyung Lee, Amr S. Khaled, and Priya K. Gopalan. "Abstract 2463: Protein folding chaperonin as biological indicator for cancer progression and metastasis." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 2463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2463.

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Abstract Protein folding complexes are a vital link between the expression of tumor-promoting oncogenes and oncogenic cancer behavior known as the hallmarks of cancer. Of these, the eukaryotic type II chaperonin, Chaperonin-Containing TCP-1 (CCT or TRiC) folds many of the oncoproteins (e.g., KRAS, MYC, CDKs, STAT3, etc.) that drive cancer growth and invasion. CCT is a complex machine composed of eight subunits, each encoded by a unique gene (cct1-8), which folds proteins in an ATP-dependent fashion within an inner chamber. Previous work in breast cancer revealed that the CCT2 subunit was highly expressed in breast tumor tissues and correlated with advanced breast cancer stage, metastasis, and decreased patient survival. To determine the pattern of CCT2 expression across multiple cancers in comparison to normal tissues, we interrogated the UCSC Xena database to compare cohorts, GTEx (normal tissues), TCGA (adult cancerous and normal tissues), and TARGET (pediatric cancerous and normal tissues). Tumor specimens from adult TCGA expressed significantly higher levels of CCT2 than GTEx, and pediatric TARGET samples had significantly higher expression levels of CCT2 than TCGA and normal samples. Histological detection of CCT2 in multiple cancer tissues was increased (e.g., pediatric cancers and sarcomas being among the highest) compared to cancer-adjacent tissues or normal tissues and supported the bioinformatics data. Manipulating CCT2 levels in individual breast, neuroblastoma, and prostate cancer cells revealed the strategic importance of this chaperonin subunit in supporting the metastatic cancer phenotype. Exogenous expression of CCT2 promoted uncontrolled and anchorage-independent growth and migration of cancer cells, which was reversed upon depletion of the subunit, causing cancer cell death. Moreover, conditioned media from cancer cells exogenously expressing CCT2 also drove the migration and growth of cancer cells. Exosomes isolated from this media contained high levels of CCT2 mRNA, further demonstrating the metastasis-promoting potential of this chaperonin subunit. The feasibility of using CCT2 as a biomarker to detect cancer progression was confirmed using antibodies to detect CCT2 in the identification of circulating tumor cells using the CellSearch System. These results provide validation to further develop the use of CCT2 as a diagnostic marker for cancer progression and metastasis and as a promising therapeutic target for new drug development. Citation Format: Annette R. Khaled, James Velazquez, Lam Truong, Colten Frank, Carolyn Dang, Amanda Cox, Heba Ghozlan, Eunkyung Lee, Amr S. Khaled, Priya K. Gopalan. Protein folding chaperonin as biological indicator for cancer progression and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2463.

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Blades, Mabel. "Plants in Human Health and Nutrition Policy20031Edited by A.P. Simopoulos and C. Gopalan. Plants in Human Health and Nutrition Policy. Basel: Karger, ISBN: 3‐8055‐7554‐8 e163.00 Vol. 91; Part of Review of Nutrition & Dietetics Series." Nutrition & Food Science 33, no. 5 (October 2003): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs.2003.33.5.248.1.

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Glen, David. "Integrated Pest Management in the Tropics: Current Status and Future Prospects. Edited by A. N. Mangech, K. N. Saxena and H. N. B. Gopalan. Chichester and New York: John Wiley (1995), pp. 171, £35.00. ISBN 0-1471-96076-4." Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (April 1997): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479797220119.

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Sikder, Mohd Omar Faruk, Vishaka D. Gopalan, Sridhar Hannenhalli, and Rosandra N. Kaplan. "Abstract LB285: Single cell characterization of the adjacent primed tissues and metastatic microenvironment of adrenocortical carcinoma reveals profound molecular and cellular reprograms that dictate metastatic progression and disease outcome." Cancer Research 83, no. 8_Supplement (April 14, 2023): LB285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-lb285.

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Abstract Metastasis is the strongest predictor of outcome in cancer; and early interventions are needed to alter disease course and patient outcome. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare adrenal cancer that has high mortality due to high rate of metastasis. The therapeutic options of metastatic-ACC include surgery and combination of chemotherapeutic regimens, but with very poor outcomes. The heterogeneous composition of immune and stromal cells in the metastatic microenvironment (MME) and adjacent primed tissues, and their crosstalk with malignant cells are critical determinants of cancer metastatic progression and response to therapies, which remain poorly understood for ACC. Therefore, to comprehensively characterize ACC-MME and adjacent primed tissues, and to identify global and tissue-specific reprogramming, we performed single cell RNA sequencing of metastatic-ACC and adjacent primed tissues from the liver and lung. Our studies revealed that ACC-MME undergoes aberrant vascularization with global depletion of capillary endothelial cells (ECs) and enrichment for Tip/Stalk-like ECs, which are significantly associated with poor disease outcome. Moreover, ECs in ACC-MME are highly pro-tumorigenic, showing global upregulation of tumor-promoting gene signatures, and key signaling pathways responsible for angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and immune suppression, as well depletion of effective anti-tumor immune response programs such as antigen presentation and interferon gamma signaling. Furthermore, there is a major shift in tissue-specific and universal myeloid populations in ACC-MME and adjacent primed tissues, exhibiting global enrichment of dysfunctional DCs and immunosuppressive macrophages, and liver specific pDCs in MME, whereas, MDSCs are broadly enriched in both MME and adjacent primed tissues suggesting these primed for metastasis environments are immune suppressive. CD8 T-cells in ACC-MME express a dysfunctional gene signature, showing downregulation of key effector function genes. We also found an enrichment of immunosuppressive CD4-T-regs in ACC-MME that represent dysregulation of immune checkpoint molecules including CTLA4 and LAG3. Finally, immune and stroma cell populations in ACC MME and adjacent primed tissues show a commonality in reprogramming, favorable for tumor growth and metastasis, across diverse cell and tissue types in comparison to normal tissue samples. Taken together, these findings suggest that ACC-MME and its adjacent primed tissue microenvironments are reprogrammed to immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting states that orchestrate metastasis of ACC. Citation Format: Mohd Omar Faruk Sikder, Vishaka D. Gopalan, Sridhar Hannenhalli, Rosandra N. Kaplan. Single cell characterization of the adjacent primed tissues and metastatic microenvironment of adrenocortical carcinoma reveals profound molecular and cellular reprograms that dictate metastatic progression and disease outcome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB285.

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Khaled, Annette R., Lam Truong, Colten Frank, Carolyn Dang, James Velazquez, Priya Gopalan, and Sally Litherland. "Abstract 2747: Chaperonin-containing TCP-1 promotes the release of exosomes from prostate and breast cancer cells." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 2747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2747.

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Abstract Coping with cancer recurrence and assessing metastatic risk are challenges for cancer patients that could be addressed with an effective diagnostic predictor. Exosomes, a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles released by tumor cells, can promote distal metastatic site development and could have promising diagnostic applications. However, the mechanisms controlling exosome secretion by cancer cells remain to be determined, which impedes clinical development. The actions of protein-folding chaperones could facilitate tumor exosome formation, payload loading, and extracellular release. Protein folding complexes link the expression of tumor-promoting oncogenes with the proteins driving oncogenic cancer behavior. Of these, the eukaryotic type II chaperonin, Chaperonin-Containing TCP-1 (CCT), folds many of the oncoproteins (e.g., KRAS, MYC, CDKs, STAT3, etc.) responsible for cancer growth and invasion. CCT is a complex machine composed of eight subunits, each encoded by a unique gene (cct1-8), which folds proteins in an ATP-dependent fashion. We and others showed that CCT is upregulated in breast, lung, and prostate cancer cells as well as neuroblastoma, leading to alterations in apoptosis, migration, cell morphology, and proliferation. Using T47D breast cancer and PC3 and 22rV1 prostate cancer cells, we exogenously expressed or depleted the second subunit of the CCT complex (CCT2). With these cells, we isolated exosomes from culture media by membrane-based affinity binding and examined exosomal RNA and protein content. In exosomes from prostate and breast cancer cells, we found abundant CCT2 subunit mRNA and protein in CD63+ exosomes ranging from 50 to 120 microns in size. When CCT2 was exogenously expressed in breast and prostate cancer cells, CCT2 mRNA and protein were higher in exosomes than other CCT subunits, and CCT2 was randomly distributed throughout the size range of exosomes. Of interest, an increase in CD63+ small exosomes (50-75 microns) was evident in cancer cells exogenously expressing CCT2 compared to mock-transfected and parental controls, suggesting a role for CCT2 in the exosomal secretory pathway. FACS-sorted CD63+ exosomes subjected to mass spectrometry yielded distinct protein content based on CCT2 expression. These findings are the first report of CCT2 driving exosome secretion in cancer cells and suggest that exosomes containing CCT2 RNA and protein are associated with metastatic potential. Exosomal CCT2 thus represents a promising diagnostic indicator for a liquid biopsy approach to monitor cancer recurrence and metastasis. Citation Format: Annette R. Khaled, Lam Truong, Colten Frank, Carolyn Dang, James Velazquez, Priya Gopalan, Sally Litherland. Chaperonin-containing TCP-1 promotes the release of exosomes from prostate and breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2747.

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Virkar, Anil. "Dr. Virkar's Self-Reflections on Research Career." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 46 (December 22, 2023): 2223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02462223mtgabs.

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I have been helped by many mentors and mentees. My greatest mentor has been my father, who received PhD in organic chemistry in 1942, more than two years before I was born. That made both my brother (who has a PhD in mathematics) and myself pursue higher education. I have been immensely helped by many mentors. I will briefly talk about them. At Northwestern University, Prof. Morris E. Fine, who was not my advisor, but had a profound influence on me. His dedication to work is unparalleled. He retired at age 65 (as was the case then) but continued as Professor Emeritus until his death at the age of 97. It was amazing for me to see that he went to work at least 3 days a week well into his 90’s. One week, he did not come, so people from the MSE department at Northwestern went to his house, only to find that he had passed away in his sleep. I came to Utah in September 1973, as a post-doctoral fellow, working for Prof. Ronald S. Gordon, on sodium-sulfur batteries. I was hired to measure strength of Na-beta”-alumina ceramics. He had been my mentor for over 35 years, and passed away in 2008. He gave me many opportunities, and was instrumental in my getting a faculty position at Utah. He also founded Ceramatec, which provided jobs to hundreds over the years. He was one of the closest friends I have had in my life. During my early career, Prof. Richard H. Boyd, Chair of MSE, helped me enormously. He gave me various courses to teach; from the basic MSE course to statistical thermodynamics. I can say without hesitation that it helped me develop various areas of research; basically, my teaching drove my research, rather than the other way around, which is often the case. I have been extremely fortunate to have had excellent students working in my group over the years; they include Bill Rafaniello, L. Viswanathan, Tom Yuan, Gajavalli Srinivasan, Peter Kuo, Jong Chen, Jow-Lay Huang, Quing Tian, Cameron Tanner, Srikanth Gopalan, S-J.Hong, Pomin Su, Jan-Fong Jue, R. Ganeshananthan, Lei Zhang, Alex Szendrei, Kuan-Zong Fung, Seong J. Kim, Hyung D. Baek, Hyung-Tae Lim to name a few, and post-doctoral fellow Liangzhu Zhu, among others. The list is by no means complete. On the technical part, I will talk about what significant changes occur to yttria-stabilized zirconia during electrolysis and the need to conduct property measurements after electrolysis. I have worked on many research topics over the years. The most recent efforts have been on the application of Onsager equations to solid electrolytes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gopalan'

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